FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU YOGEV, L HALVER, J HARDY, R AF YOGEV, L HALVER, J HARDY, R TI DIETARY ARGININE REQUIREMENT OF JUVENILE COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISH SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A177 EP A177 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19601025 ER PT J AU IYENGAR, GV WOLF, WR GREENBERG, R DEMIRALP, R AF IYENGAR, GV WOLF, WR GREENBERG, R DEMIRALP, R TI MIXED TOTAL DIET SLURRY AS A PROSPECTIVE REFERENCE MATERIAL SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A total diet composite based on foods from the U.S. FDA Total Diet Study was investigated to assess its suitability as a slurry material as a candidate reference material in the form of a slurry. Results for the distribution of chlorine and sodium (overall variation 2 % for Na and 3 % for Cl) indicated no serious problems of sedimentation. Similarly determination of Co, Se, Rb, Sn, Fe and Zn covering an overall concentration (dry weight basis) range of 25 ng/g for Co to 33 mug/g for Fe and Zn, suggests that the homogeneity of the composite is reasonably good. However the operational steps adopted for this preliminary investigation were not optimal. Use of a high pressure diffusion type of approach adopted by the National Research Council of Canada in preparing the lobster hepatopancreas matrix (LUTS-1) should further improve the homogeneity characteristics of the slurry. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USDA,NUTRIENT COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP IYENGAR, GV (reprint author), BIOMINERAL SCI INT INC,500 PARADISE COURT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 348 IS 7 BP 426 EP 429 DI 10.1007/BF00325306 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MY985 UT WOS:A1994MY98500004 ER PT J AU NORMAN, BR IYENGAR, GV AF NORMAN, BR IYENGAR, GV TI DETERMINATION OF IODINE IN DIVERSE BOTANICAL AND DIETARY MATRICES BY PREIRRADATION COMBUSTION FOLLOWED BY NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; ELEMENTS; SAMPLES AB The method chosen for determination of iodine in this investigation is an extension of an existing analytical technique to food samples which was developed for environmental samples. The method is based on pre-irradiation combustion of the sample to liberate iodine, trapping the iodine on charcoal, and quantitating the element by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Existing botanical and dietary reference materials were used to check the validity of the method. Several mixed diet samples with high fat content from the U.S. Total Diet Study and composites of cereals with both low and high iodine content were analyzed. This method of pre-irradiation combustion followed by NAA has been shown to be a viable technique for the determination of iodine in dietary samples. However, with a detection limit of about 50 ng of iodine, large amounts of sample (> 1 g) are typically required for each determination. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BIOMINERAL SCI INT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20877. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0937-0633 J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 348 IS 7 BP 430 EP 432 DI 10.1007/BF00325307 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MY985 UT WOS:A1994MY98500005 ER PT J AU KAMIDE, Y KROEHL, HW AF KAMIDE, Y KROEHL, HW TI AURORAL ELECTROJET ACTIVITY DURING ISOLATED SUBSTORMS AT DIFFERENT LOCAL-TIMES - A STATISTICAL STUDY SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; IMPULSE-RESPONSE; SIGNATURE AB Magnetic variations processed from the AE observatories and IMP-8 measurements of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) are used to study the response of the auroral electrojets at different local times to solar wind and IMF parameters. On the basis of an interpolation technique, magnetic variations at four different local times (0000, 0600, 1200, and 1800 MLT) are estimated, which constitutes our data base for this statistical study. Forty two events in 1979 met our ''isolated substorm'' criteria. It is found that electrojet variations at different local times are significantly different. The substorm expansion current system at midnight appears to be initiated when IMF becomes less southward, and the current systems at dawn and dusk are already active when the substorm expansion current begins and remain active even after the midnight substorm current recovers to its pre-substorm level. During the initial stage of the recovery phase (in terms of the midnight current), the westward electrojet at 0600 MLT continues to intensify while the 1800 MLT eastward electrojet slowly decays. C1 NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KAMIDE, Y (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,SOLAR TERR ENVIRONM LAB,TOYOKAWA 442,JAPAN. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 5 BP 389 EP 392 DI 10.1029/94GL00013-A PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA NA142 UT WOS:A1994NA14200018 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LA SARMIENTO, JL AF ANDERSON, LA SARMIENTO, JL TI REDFIELD RATIOS OF REMINERALIZATION DETERMINED BY NUTRIENT DATA-ANALYSIS SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEEP-OCEAN; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; VERTICAL FLUX; ARAGONITE PRODUCTION; ISOPYCNAL SURFACES; LATERAL TRANSPORT; NEUTRAL SURFACES; ATLANTIC OCEAN AB A nonlinear inverse method is applied to nutrient data upon approximately 20 neutral surfaces in each of the South Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific basins, between 400 and 4000 m depth. By accounting for the gradients in nutrients due to the mixing of ''preformed'' concentrations of the major water masses, the nutrient changes due to biological activity are examined, and the time-mean, basin-wide Redfield ratios calculated. It is found that the P/N/C(org)/O2 ratios of nutrient regeneration between 400 and 4000 m (corrected for the effect of denitrification) are approximately constant with depth and basin, at a value of 1/16 +/- 1/117 +/- 14/170 +/- 10. These ratios agree with those of fresh organic matter, suggesting that the flux of organic material to the deep ocean may be dominated by fast-sinking matter produced by sporadic, high-productivity events. Sedimentary denitrification reduces the N/P utilization ratio to 12 +/- 2 between 1000 and 3000 m. In the Indian and Pacific basins the C(org)/C(inorg) regeneration ratio decreases from approximately 7 +/- 3 at 400 m to 3 +/- 1 at 1000 m and to 1 +/- 0.5 at 4000 m, suggesting a significant amount of calcium carbonate dissolution above the calcite lysoclines in the Indian and Pacific oceans. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP ANDERSON, LA (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. NR 74 TC 623 Z9 633 U1 19 U2 90 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.1029/93GB03318 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NB498 UT WOS:A1994NB49800005 ER PT J AU REILLY, J HOHMANN, N KANE, S AF REILLY, J HOHMANN, N KANE, S TI CLIMATE-CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL TRADE - WHO BENEFITS, WHO LOSES SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS LA English DT Article ID WORLD AGRICULTURE AB Estimates of the potential effect of three different climate scenarios for world agriculture are made. The scenarios show that the impacts differ significantly among the scenarios and among countries. The direct impact of climate change on yield, the global effect on commodity prices, and the export/import status of a country are shown to determine the economic winners and losers. The trade effects and the high degree of uncertainty should be critical considerations in adaptation policies. C1 NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP REILLY, J (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 21 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 12 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0959-3780 J9 GLOBAL ENVIRON CHANG JI Glob. Environ. Change - Human Policy Dimens. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 24 EP 36 DI 10.1016/0959-3780(94)90019-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography GA NK750 UT WOS:A1994NK75000003 ER PT J AU NANCE, JM GARFIELD, NH PAREDES, JA AF NANCE, JM GARFIELD, NH PAREDES, JA TI STUDYING THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE TEXAS SHRIMP CLOSURE SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Note DE COMMITTEE WORK; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AB James M. Nance is a fishery biologist with the National Marine Fisheries Service in Galveston, Texas. Nina H. Garfield is Project Manager, Sanctuaries and Reserves Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Washington, DC. J. Anthony Paredes is in the Department of Anthropology at Florida State University in Tallahassee. C1 NOAA,DIV SANCTUARIES & RESERVES,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP NANCE, JM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA BUSINESS OFFICE BOX 24083, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73124 SN 0018-7259 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 53 IS 1 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX045 UT WOS:A1994MX04500010 ER PT J AU OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB REES, JA AF OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ RADOVANOV, SB REES, JA TI USE OF AN ION ENERGY ANALYZER MASS-SPECTROMETER TO MEASURE ION KINETIC-ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS FROM RF DISCHARGES IN ARGON HELIUM GAS-MIXTURES SO IEE PROCEEDINGS-SCIENCE MEASUREMENT AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Xth International Conference on Gas Discharges and their Applications CY SEP, 1992 CL UNIV COLL SWANSEA, SWANSEA, WALES SP INST ELECT ENGINEERS HO UNIV COLL SWANSEA DE ION ENERGY ANALYSIS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METASTABLE HELIUM; RADIO FREQUENCY DISCHARGES ID RADIOFREQUENCY DISCHARGES; GLOW-DISCHARGES; AR+ AB A mass spectrometer equipped with an electrostatic ion energy analyser has been used to measure the kinetic-energy distributions of ions sampled through an orifice in the grounded electrode of a parallel-plate radio-frequency (RF) discharge cell. Kinetic-energy distributions are presented for Ar+, Ar2+, Ar++, He+, and ArHe+ sampled from argon-helium plasmas with helium concentrations ranging from 0-95 mole percent, applied peak-to-peak RF voltages of 200 V, and gas pressures of 13.3 Pa. Variations in the ion kinetic-energy distributions and ion fluxes observed for different gas mixtures demonstrate the ability of this diagnostic technique to monitor plasma conditions and to investigate the ion kinetic processes occurring in the system. C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN & ELECTR,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,ENGLAND. RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 1350-2344 J9 IEE P-SCI MEAS TECH JI IEE Proc.-Sci. Meas. Technol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 141 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1049/ip-smt:19949920 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA NC491 UT WOS:A1994NC49100006 ER PT J AU HEFNER, AR AF HEFNER, AR TI A DYNAMIC ELECTROTHERMAL MODEL FOR THE IGBT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB A physics-based dynamic electro-thermal model is developed for the IGBT by coupling a temperature-dependent IGBT electrical model with dynamic thermal models for the IGBT silicon chip, packages, and heatsinks. The temperature-dependent IGBT electrical model describes the instantaneous electrical behavior in terms of the instantaneous temperature of the IGBT silicon chip surface. The instantaneous power dissipated in the IGBT is calculated using the electrical model and determines the instantaneous rate that heat is applied to the surface of the silicon chip thermal model. The thermal models determine the evolution of the temperature distribution within the thermal network and thus determine the instantaneous value of the silicon chip surface temperature used by the electrical model. The IGBT electro-thermal model is implemented in the Saber circuit simulator and is connected to external circuits in the same way as the previously presented Saber IGBT model, except that it has an additional thermal terminal that is connected to the thermal network component models for the silicon chip, package, and heatsink. The IGBT dynamic electro-thermal model and the thermal network component models are verified for the range of temperature and power dissipation levels (heating rates) that are important for power electronic systems. RP HEFNER, AR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 87 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 394 EP 405 DI 10.1109/28.287517 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA NP232 UT WOS:A1994NP23200024 ER PT J AU NAKOTTE, H BRUCK, E BRABERS, JHVJ PROKES, K DEBOER, FR SECHOVSKY, V BUSCHOW, KHJ ANDREEV, AV ROBINSON, RA PURWANTO, A LYNN, JW AF NAKOTTE, H BRUCK, E BRABERS, JHVJ PROKES, K DEBOER, FR SECHOVSKY, V BUSCHOW, KHJ ANDREEV, AV ROBINSON, RA PURWANTO, A LYNN, JW TI MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-CRYSTALLINE UCU3AL2 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Magnetic Materials and Applications Conference (EMMA 93) CY AUG 24-27, 1993 CL KOSICE, SLOVAKIA SP P J SAFARIK UNIV, SLOVAK ACAD SCI KOSICE, INST EXPTL PHYS, CZECH ACAD SCI, INST PHYS AB UCu3Al2 crystallizes in an ordered variant of the hexagonal CaCu5 structure. By neutron powder-diffraction, the U atoms were found to occupy the 1a sites, while the 2c sites are occupied by Cu atoms only and a random occupation of the 3g sites by the remaining Cu and Al is found. The magnetic susceptibility, measured on a single crystal grown by the Czochralski triarc technique, is found to be maximal within the hexagonal basal plane with a maximum at about 10 K. For fields applied within the basal plane, the magnetization at 4.2 K exhibits a slight S-shape starting slightly below 15 T. No such anomalies are found for fields applied along the c-axis where the magnetic response is found to be much lower. No additional magnetic peaks, which could be related with long-range antiferromagnetic ordering, were detected in the neutron powder-patterns at low temperatures. C1 CHARLES UNIV,DEPT MET PHYS,CS-12116 PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. PHILIPS RES LABS,5600 JA EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. URAL STATE UNIV,SVERDLOVSK 620083,RUSSIA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP NAKOTTE, H (reprint author), UNIV AMSTERDAM,VAN DER WAALS ZEEMAN LAB,VALCKENIERSTR 65,1018 XE AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI Andreev, Alexander/B-6057-2011; Bruck, Ekkes/E-3365-2014; Sechovsky, Vladimir/A-5256-2008 OI Sechovsky, Vladimir/0000-0003-1298-2120 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 1217 EP 1219 DI 10.1109/20.312226 PN 2 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA NU013 UT WOS:A1994NU01300245 ER PT J AU PERSILY, AK DOLS, WS NABINGER, SJ AF PERSILY, AK DOLS, WS NABINGER, SJ TI AIR CHANGE EFFECTIVENESS MEASUREMENTS IN 2 MODERN OFFICE BUILDINGS SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE AIR CHANGE EFFECTIVENESS; BUILDING PERFORMANCE; COMMERCIAL BUILDING; INDOOR AIR QUALITY; MECHANICAL VENTILATION; OFFICE BUILDING; TRACER GAS; VENTILATION; VENTILATION EFFECTIVENESS AB Local age of air and air change effectiveness determined in two office buildings using tracer gas techniques to study the applicability of the associated measurement procedures in mechanically ventilated office buildings. Measurement issues examined include the establishment of a uniform tracer gas concentration at the start of the test and the relationship of ventilation system configuration and system operation to the test procedure. Air change effectiveness was determined at locations in the occupied space based on the local age of air at that location and the age of air in the corresponding ventilation system return duct. Values of the air change effectiveness in the occupied space were generally close to one, which is consistent with good mixing of the ventilation air within the occupied space. Deviations from 1.0, on the order of 10%, did occur, but given the limited experience with these measurement procedures in the field it is not clear whether these deviations are significant. These tests provide data on air change effectiveness to supplement the limited database on mechanically ventilated office buildings in the U.S. In addition, the experience obtained with the measurement procedures will assist in the development of a standardized approach to measuring air change effectiveness in the field. RP PERSILY, AK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,BLDG 226,ROOM A313,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 40 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1994.t01-3-00006.x PG 16 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ842 UT WOS:A1994NQ84200005 ER PT J AU MELLOUKI, A RAVISHANKARA, AR AF MELLOUKI, A RAVISHANKARA, AR TI DOES THE HO2 RADICAL REACT WITH H2S, CH3SH, AND CH3SCH3 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; RATE CONSTANTS; OH; KINETICS; NO3; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; SULFIDE AB The kinetics of the title reactions were investigated in a discharge flow tube by using laser magnetic resonance detection of HO2. The upper limits for the bimolecular rate constants for the reactions of HO2 with H2S (k1), CH3SH (k2), and CH3SCH3 (k3) are <3 X 10(-15), <4 X 10(-15), and <5 x 10(-15) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively, at 298 K. Our upper limit for kl is three orders of magnitude lower than the previously reported value. Measurements at higher temperatures also yield similar upper limits. Our results suggest that HO2 is not an important oxidant for these reduced compounds in the atmosphere. (C) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mellouki, Abdelwahid/H-5219-2011 OI Mellouki, Abdelwahid/0000-0002-6594-5262 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 355 EP 365 DI 10.1002/kin.550260306 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NA404 UT WOS:A1994NA40400005 ER PT J AU CEZAIRLIYAN, A BABA, T TAYLOR, R AF CEZAIRLIYAN, A BABA, T TAYLOR, R TI A HIGH-TEMPERATURE LASER-PULSE THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY APPARATUS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE HIGH TEMPERATURE; LASER PULSE METHOD; THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY AB A high-temperature laser-pulse apparatus for the measurement of thermal diffusivity in the temperature range from 1500 to 2500 K has been designed, constructed, and tested at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. A curve-fitting method is introduced by which the entire experimental temperature history curve is fitted with the theoretical curve under the boundary condition of radiative heat losses. The new apparatus and the curve-fitting method permit thermal diffusivity measurements with an uncertainty of not more than 3%. C1 NATL RES LAB METROL,DEPT THERMOPHYS METROL,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV MANCHESTER,UMIST,CTR MAT SCI,MANCHESTER M1 7HS,ENGLAND. RP CEZAIRLIYAN, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Baba, Tetsuya/F-1506-2011 OI Baba, Tetsuya/0000-0001-5820-3757 NR 16 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 317 EP 341 DI 10.1007/BF01441589 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA ND338 UT WOS:A1994ND33800009 ER PT J AU BABA, T CEZAIRLIYAN, A AF BABA, T CEZAIRLIYAN, A TI THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY OF POCO AXM-5Q1 GRAPHITE IN THE RANGE 1500 TO 2500 K MEASURED BY A LASER-PULSE TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE GRAPHITE; HIGH TEMPERATURES; LASER-PULSE METHOD; REFERENCE MATERIAL; THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY ID FLASH METHOD AB The thermal diffusivity of POCO AXM-5Q1 graphite was measured in the temperature range 1500 to 2500 K utilizing the laser-pulse technique. The uncertainty of the values is estimated to be no more than 3%. The measured values are compared with the results of other investigators. C1 NATL RES LAB METROL,DEPT THERMOPHYS METROL,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP BABA, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Baba, Tetsuya/F-1506-2011 OI Baba, Tetsuya/0000-0001-5820-3757 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 343 EP 364 DI 10.1007/BF01441590 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA ND338 UT WOS:A1994ND33800010 ER PT J AU UTTAL, T MATROSOV, SY SNIDER, JB KROPFLI, RA AF UTTAL, T MATROSOV, SY SNIDER, JB KROPFLI, RA TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ICE WATER PATH AND DOWNWARD LONGWAVE RADIATION FOR CLOUDS OPTICALLY THIN IN THE INFRARED - OBSERVATIONS AND MODEL-CALCULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; RADAR; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; MICROWAVE AB A vertically pointing 3.2-cm radar is used to observe altostratus and cirrus clouds as they pass overhead. Radar reflectivities are used in combination with an empirical Z(i)-IWC (ice water content) relationship developed by Sassen (1987) to parameterize IWC, which is then integrated to obtain estimates of ice water path (IWP). The observed dataset is segregated into all-ice and mixed-phase periods using measurements of integrated liquid water paths (LWP) detected by a collocated, dual-channel microwave radiometer. The IWP values for the all ice periods are compared to measurements of infrared (IR) downward fluxes measured by a collocated narrowband (9.95-11.43 mum) IR radiometer, which results in scattergrams representing the observed dependence of IR fluxes on IWP. A two-stream model is used to calculate the infrared fluxes expected from ice clouds with boundary conditions specified by the actual clouds, and similar curves relating IWP and infrared fluxes are obtained. The model and observational results suggest that IWP is one of the primary controls on infrared thermal fluxes for ice clouds. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 348 EP 357 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0348:RBIWPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MZ789 UT WOS:A1994MZ78900003 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GL DAVIS, JM KARL, TR MCNAB, AL GALLO, KP TARPLEY, JD BLOOMFIELD, P AF JOHNSON, GL DAVIS, JM KARL, TR MCNAB, AL GALLO, KP TARPLEY, JD BLOOMFIELD, P TI ESTIMATING URBAN TEMPERATURE BIAS USING POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITE DATA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUNDER AB Urban temperature bias, defined to be the difference between a shelter temperature reading of unknown but suspected urban influence and some appropriate rural reference temperature, is estimated through the use of polar-orbiting satellite data. Predicted rural temperatures, based on a method developed using sounding data, are shown to be of reasonable accuracy in many cases for urban bias assessments using minimum temperature data from selected urban regions in the United States in July 1989. Assessments of predicted urban bias were based on comparisons with observed bias, as well as independent measures of urban heat island influence, such as population statistics and urban-rural differences in a vegetation index. This technique provides a means of determining urban bias in regions where few if any rural reference stations are available, or where inhomogeneities exist in land surface characteristics or rural station locations. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. NOAA,NESDIS,NCDC,ASHEVILLE,NC. NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,CAMP SPRINGS,MD. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP JOHNSON, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NW WATERSHED RES CTR,800 PK BLVD,BOISE,ID 83712, USA. RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 358 EP 369 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0358:EUTBUP>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MZ789 UT WOS:A1994MZ78900004 ER PT J AU MORRISSEY, ML KRAJEWSKI, WF MCPHADEN, MJ AF MORRISSEY, ML KRAJEWSKI, WF MCPHADEN, MJ TI ESTIMATING RAINFALL IN THE TROPICS USING THE FRACTIONAL TIME RAINING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE RAINFALL; TEMPORAL RAINFALL; AREA; INTEGRALS; PRECIPITATION; CLOUD; SPACE AB The relationship between the fractional time raining and tropical rainfall amount is investigated using raingage data and a point process model of tropical rainfall. Both the strength and the nature of the relationship are dependent upon the resolution of the data used to estimate the fractional time raining. It is found that highly accurate estimates of rainfall amounts over periods of one month or greater can be obtained from the fractional time raining so long as high-time-resolution data are used. It is demonstrated that the relationship between the fractional time raining and monthly atoll rainfall is quasi-homogeneous within the monsoon trough region of the equatorial western Pacific. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT GEOG,NORMAN,OK 73019. UNIV IOWA,IOWA INST HYDRAUL RES,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP MORRISSEY, ML (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,OKLAHOMA CLIMATOL SURVEY,SARKEYS ENERGY CTR,SUITE 1210,100 E BOYD,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 33 IS 3 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0387:ERITTU>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MZ789 UT WOS:A1994MZ78900007 ER PT J AU GALAMBOS, J HAGWOOD, C AF GALAMBOS, J HAGWOOD, C TI AN UNRELIABLE SERVER CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EXPONENTIAL-DISTRIBUTION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PROBABILITY LA English DT Article DE LACK-OF-MEMORY PROPERTY; RELIABILITY AB Consider a workstation with one server, performing jobs with a service time, Y, having distribution function, G(t). Assume that the station is unreliable, in that it occasionally breaks down. The station is instantaneously repaired, and the server restarts the uncompleted job from the beginning. Let T denote the time it takes to complete each job. If G(t) is exponential with parameter lambda, then because of the lack-of-memory property of the exponential, P(T > t) = G(t)BAR = exp( - lambdat), irrespective of when and how the failures occur. This property also characterizes the exponential distribution. C1 NIST,DIV STAT ENGN,DIV-882,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GALAMBOS, J (reprint author), TEMPLE UNIV,DEPT MATH,TU038-16,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU APPLIED PROBABILITY TRUST PI SHEFFIELD PA THE UNIVERSITY DEPT PROB AND STATISTICS, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND S3 7RH SN 0021-9002 J9 J APPL PROBAB JI J. Appl. Probab. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 1 BP 274 EP 279 DI 10.2307/3215255 PG 6 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA ND293 UT WOS:A1994ND29300026 ER PT J AU LOVAS, FJ FOWLER, PW KISIEL, Z TSENG, SH BECK, RD EGGERS, DF BLAKE, TA WATTS, RO AF LOVAS, FJ FOWLER, PW KISIEL, Z TSENG, SH BECK, RD EGGERS, DF BLAKE, TA WATTS, RO TI THE STRUCTURES OF CO-CH3CCH AND N-2-CH3CCH - SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; QUADRUPOLE COUPLING-CONSTANT; INDUCED DIPOLE-MOMENTS; WEAKLY BOUND DIMER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; MOLECULAR-GEOMETRY; VANDERWAALS MOLECULES; HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE; PULSED-NOZZLE AB Microwave and infrared measurements have been made for the van der Waals complexes N-2-CH3CCH and CO-CH3CCH, and their isotopomers. The infrared spectra are complicated by the effects of a slightly hindered internal rotation of the propyne unit. Tunneling motions arising from the N-2 or CO molecules are not apparent in the infrared spectra, but in the case of N-2 are seen in the microwave spectra. Analysis of the spectral data shows that the dimers are near slipped parallel in structure. Their dipole moments are almost parallel to the dimer b axis, with center-of-mass separations of 3.756(1) Angstrom for CO-CH3CCH and 3.708(2) Angstrom for N-2-CH3CCH. (The uncertainties shown in parentheses are two standard deviations.) A simple model based on electrostatic interactions between rigid monomers gives dimer Structures in agreement with the experimental assignments, and in conjunction with an approximate model of dispersion energy allows estimation of barriers to internal rotation. C1 UNIV EXETER, DEPT CHEM, EXETER EX4 4QD, DEVON, ENGLAND. POLISH ACAD SCI, INST PHYS, PL-02668 WARSAW, POLAND. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT CHEM, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP LOVAS, FJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Kisiel, Zbigniew/K-8798-2016 OI Kisiel, Zbigniew/0000-0002-2570-3154 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 5 BP 3415 EP 3421 DI 10.1063/1.466385 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY349 UT WOS:A1994MY34900005 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RD DEARDEN, DV HUDGENS, JW AF JOHNSON, RD DEARDEN, DV HUDGENS, JW TI DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS-PHASE INCL USING RESONANCE-ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDIUM MONOCHLORIDE MOLECULE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE VAPORS; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; ULTRAVIOLET; CONSTANTS; SYSTEM; STATE; TLCL AB We report resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of gas-phase indium monochloride (InCl) between 330 and 490 nm. The spectra originate from one-, two-, and three-photon resonances with electronic states that reside between 27 000 and 75 000 cm(-1). We assign 12 new Rydberg states. From these Rydberg origins we can extrapolate the adiabatic ionization potential IPa=77 460+/-600 cm(-1) (9.60+/-00.08 eV). The Rydberg states exhibit vibrational frequencies ranging between 307 and 355 cm(-1). RP JOHNSON, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 5 BP 3422 EP 3428 DI 10.1063/1.467246 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY349 UT WOS:A1994MY34900006 ER PT J AU SCURLOCK, CT STEIMLE, TC SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ AF SCURLOCK, CT STEIMLE, TC SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ TI THE PURE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF CANC SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEAM ELECTRIC RESONANCE; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; FREE-RADICALS; HYPERFINE CONSTANTS; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; GROUND-STATE; SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; KCN AB The pure rotational spectrum of calcium isocyanide, CaNC, in its (0,0,0) X(2) Sigma(+) vibronic state was measured using a combination of Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) and pump/probe microwave-optical double resonance (PPMODR) spectroscopy. Gaseous CaNC was generated using a laser ablation/supersonic expansion source: The determined spectroscopic parameters are (in MHz), B=4048.754 332 (29); gamma=18.055 06 (23); b(F)=12.481 49 (93); c=2.0735 (14); and eQq(0)=-2.6974 (11). The hyperfine parameters are qualitatively interpreted in terms of a plausible molecular orbital descriptions and a comparison with the alkaline earth monohalides and the alkali monocyanides is given. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP SCURLOCK, CT (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, TEMPE, AZ 85257 USA. NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 5 BP 3497 EP 3502 DI 10.1063/1.466391 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY349 UT WOS:A1994MY34900012 ER PT J AU ZHOU, HX SZABO, A DOUGLAS, JF HUBBARD, JB AF ZHOU, HX SZABO, A DOUGLAS, JF HUBBARD, JB TI A BROWNIAN DYNAMICS ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION AND THE ELECTROSTATIC CAPACITANCE OF AN ARBITRARILY-SHAPED OBJECT SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELLIPSOIDS AB An algorithm originally devised for calculating the diffusion-controlled reaction rate toward an arbitrarily shaped object is adapted to calculate the scalar translational hydrodynamic friction and the electrostatic capacitance of the object. In this algorithm Brownian particles are launched from a spherical surface enclosing the object. Each particle is propagated until it either hits the enclosed object or crosses the starting surface. In the latter case the particle is allowed to escape to infinity with an analytically known probability. If the particle does not escape to infinity, it is ;put-back on the starting surface with the correct distribution density and the process is repeated. The scalar friction or capacitance of the ''probed'' object is proportional to the fraction of particles that hit the object. This algorithm is illustrated on a dumbbell made of two equal-size spheres, a cube, and a phantom spherical shell having random distributed beads embedded in its surface. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZHOU, HX (reprint author), NIDDKD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Szabo, Attila/H-3867-2012; Zhou, Huan-Xiang/M-5170-2016 OI Zhou, Huan-Xiang/0000-0001-9020-0302 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 5 BP 3821 EP 3826 DI 10.1063/1.466371 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY349 UT WOS:A1994MY34900046 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI TRANSIENT INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF (ETA(5)-C-5-H-5)CO(CO)(2) PHOTOPRODUCT REACTIONS IN HYDROCARBON SOLUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID OXIDATIVE ADDITION; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; CR(CO)6; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS AB Ultrafast photochemistry of CpCo(CO)(2) in n-hexane, 1-hexene, and solvent mixtures (298 K) are reported. Multichannel infrared spectra (0.4 ps, 4 cm(-1) resolution) identify the vibrational cooling of CpCo(CO)(n-hexane) and CpCo(CO)(1-hexene). The conversion rate of transient n-hexane species to stable l-hexene product for 0.2-2.0 mol/liter 1-hexene/n-hexane solutions (k = 1.4 +/- 0.2 X 10(10) M(-1) s(-1)) was determined. RP DOUGHERTY, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,ROOM B268,BLDG 221,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 5 BP 4006 EP 4009 DI 10.1063/1.466334 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY349 UT WOS:A1994MY34900063 ER PT J AU TOMASZKIEWICZ, I PASSMORE, J SCHATTE, G SUTHERLAND, GW OHARE, PAG AF TOMASZKIEWICZ, I PASSMORE, J SCHATTE, G SUTHERLAND, GW OHARE, PAG TI THERMOCHEMISTRY OF OCTASULFUR-BIS-HEXAFLUOROARSENATE S8(ASF6)2 CONTAINING THE LATTICE-STABILIZED S-8(2+) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMBUSTION CALORIMETRY; TEMPERATURE 298.15-K; SULFUR; FLUORINE; CATION C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,PL-01224 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV NEW BRUNSWICK,DEPT CHEM,FREDERICTON E3B 6E2,NB,CANADA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0021-9614(94)90006-X PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA MZ227 UT WOS:A1994MZ22700005 ER PT J AU BRUNO, TJ AF BRUNO, TJ TI CHROMATOGRAPHIC CRYOFOCUSING AND CRYOTRAPPING WITH THE VORTEX TUBE SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CRYOGENIC TECHNIQUES RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA MY486 UT WOS:A1994MY48600009 ER PT J AU PARUNGO, F BOATMAN, JF SIEVERING, H WILKISON, SW HICKS, BB AF PARUNGO, F BOATMAN, JF SIEVERING, H WILKISON, SW HICKS, BB TI TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARINE CLOUDINESS AND ANTHROPOGENIC SULFUR SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SULFATE AEROSOL; CLIMATE; ALBEDO; PHYTOPLANKTON; POLLUTION; SUNSHINE; FUTURE; CLOUDS AB A statistical analysis using published data on the global distribution-of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean, reduced from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS), shows a significant positive trend (4.2% increase from the 1930 baseline) in total oceanic cloud amount in the period between 1930 and 1981. The increase of total cloud amount for the Northern Hemisphere (5.8%) was twice that for the Southern Hemisphere (2.9%). The more consistent 30-yr (1952-1981) data show that the change in cloud amount (1952 base) was 1.5% for the globe, 2.3% for the Northern Hemisphere, and 1.2% for the Southern Hemisphere. The analysis also shows that the greatest cloud amount increase was for altocumulus and altostratus clouds and that this increase was most pronounced at midlatitudes (30-degrees-50-degrees-N). The trend and the pattern of cloud amount variations appear to be in accord with the temporal trend and geographic distribution of SO2 emissions. It is hypothesized that sulfate particles, converted from SO2, may modify cloud droplet spectra, causing affected clouds to be more colloidally stable than unaffected clouds. The longer residence times of affected clouds could cause increases of cloud frequency and cloud amount. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR ENVIRONM SCI,DENVER,CO 80202. NOAA,ERL,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0434:TIGMCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NC001 UT WOS:A1994NC00100005 ER PT J AU WHETTON, PH RAYNER, PJ PITTOCK, AB HAYLOCK, MR AF WHETTON, PH RAYNER, PJ PITTOCK, AB HAYLOCK, MR TI AN ASSESSMENT OF POSSIBLE CLIMATE-CHANGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN REGION-BASED ON AN INTERCOMPARISON OF GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELING RESULTS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; RAINFALL; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; CO2 AB To assist in estimating likely future climate change in the Australian region, the authors examine the results of four different general circulation modeling experiments run to assess the equilibrium impact of doubling greenhouse gases. The results examined were the most recent available at the time of study from various research centers in North America and Europe, as well as those of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). The approach used is, first, to assess the quality of the control (1 X CO2) simulations from each of the models of mean sea level (MSL) pressure and precipitation in the Australian region by comparing these with the corresponding observed patterns; and, second, to then analyze the 2 X CO2 results of only those model experiments with the best control simulations. Of the models examined two are chosen on the basis of their simulation of current climate in the region: the CSIRO four-level model (CSIRO4) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) model. For conditions of equivalent doubling of CO2, both models show substantial increases in surface air temperature of around 4-degrees-6-degrees inland and 2-degrees-4-degrees-C in coastal regions. Both models show decreased MSL pressure over the Australian continent and increases in rainfall over northern, central, and eastern Australia, particularly in the summer half of the year. The CSIRO4 model, but not the UKMO model, also shows increased pressure to the south of the continent and decreased winter rainfall in southwest and southern Australia. Generally, field significance tests show the pattern and magnitude of the changes to be significant for CSIRO4 (for which the necessary monthly simulated data were available). C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. RP WHETTON, PH (reprint author), CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,CLIMATE IMPACT GRP,PRIVATE BAG 1,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. RI Whetton, Penny/A-6885-2012 NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 441 EP 463 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0441:AAOPCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NC001 UT WOS:A1994NC00100006 ER PT J AU KAISER, DL VAUDIN, MD GILLEN, G HWANG, CS ROBINS, LH ROTTER, LD AF KAISER, DL VAUDIN, MD GILLEN, G HWANG, CS ROBINS, LH ROTTER, LD TI GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BARIUM-TITANATE THIN-FILMS PREPARED BY METALORGANIC CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th American Conference on Crystal Growth (ACCG-9) CY AUG 01-06, 1993 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP AMER ASSOC CRYSTAL GROWTH, USAF OFF SPONSORED REG, NASA, NATL SCI FDN, AESAR ALFA JOHNSON MATTHEY, LITTON SYST, AIRTRON DIV, APPL TECHNOL INC, CERES CORP, CLEVELAND CRYSTALS, CRYSTAL ASSOC INC, CRYSTAL TECHNOL INC, CRYSTALLOD INC, DELTRONIC CRYSTAL IND, ENGELHARD CORP, JOHNSON MATTHEY ELECTR, JOHNSON MATTHEY INC, LASER DIODE INC, LIGHTNING OPT, MR SEMICON INC, SAINT GOBAIN NORTON, SENSORS UNLIMITED INC, STRUERS LOGITECH, SUMITOMO ELECT CORP, VIRGO OPT AB Process conditions were established for the deposition of polycrystalline BaTiO3 thin films on fused quartz substrates in a research-scale metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. Resulting films were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) techniques. Films rich in Ba (molar Ba/Ti > 1) contained the second phase Ba2TiO4, whereas films rich in Ti were composed mainly of an amorphous phase. Cross-sectional TEM and SIMS depth profile studies of slightly Ba-rich films (that appeared to be nearly pure BaTiO3 by XRD analysis) revealed that the films were actually composed of several layers. The multilayer structure consisted of a thin amorphous interdiffusion layer, an orthorhombic Ba2TiO4 layer, and a polycrystalline BaTiO3 film containing some amorphous material. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of tetragonal BaTiO3 in the films. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KAISER, DL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Hwang, Cheol Seong/C-8568-2009 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1994 VL 137 IS 1-2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(94)91261-0 PG 5 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA NC995 UT WOS:A1994NC99500025 ER PT J AU VALIGURA, RA MESSINA, MG AF VALIGURA, RA MESSINA, MG TI MODIFICATION OF TEXAS CLEAR-CUT ENVIRONMENTS WITH LOBLOLLY-PINE SHELTERWOODS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CLEAR CUT; SHELTERWOOD; LOBLOLLY PINE; REFORESTATION; MICROMETEOROLOGY; MICROCLIMATE ID SOLAR-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE; CANOPIES AB The near-surface (within 0.30 m of the surface) environments of a clear-cut and a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) shelterwood in east Texas were instrumented to determine treatment effects on the radiation, thermal, humidity and wind components of microclimate. The shelterwood produced lower net radiation and photosynthetically-active radiation loads, lower daytime air temperatures, the same or slightly lower daytime vapor pressures and lower wind speeds than the clear cut. Although sunfleck incidence in the shelterwood allowed net radiation and photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) to increase briefly to levels similar to those measured in the clear cut, seedlings within the shelterwood were subjected to sunflecks for only a short period of time before the sunfleck dissipated and shade returned. Air temperature differences between treatments were not great and soil temperature differences were negligible. The influence of the shelterwood on all environmental factors was primarily due to the partial overstory canopy, which dissipated incident radiation before it reached the near-surface environment where it could significantly alter the microclimate. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP VALIGURA, RA (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, SSMC2, 1325 E W HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 40 IS 3 BP 283 EP 295 DI 10.1006/jema.1994.1021 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ND152 UT WOS:A1994ND15200007 ER PT J AU KELLEHER, SD HULTIN, HO WILHELM, KA AF KELLEHER, SD HULTIN, HO WILHELM, KA TI STABILITY OF MACKEREL SURIMI PREPARED UNDER LIPID-STABILIZING PROCESSING CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MACKEREL; SURIMI; FISH; LIPID OXIDATION; ANTIOXIDANTS ID SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; OXIDATION; SYSTEMS AB Surimi from mackerel whole and light muscle was prepared under conditions designed to minimize oxidation and development of rancidity. The lipid-stabilizing procedure included early addition of both lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants, avoidance of added sodium chloride, and exclusion of oxygen. Surimi prepared from light muscle was stable to rancid odor development in both the raw and cooked form; gel strength was reasonably stable during frozen storage, although the color was somewhat dark. Surimi prepared from mackerel whole muscle was darker, its odor quality lower and less consistent, and its gel strength lessened more rapidly during frozen storage than surimi prepared from light muscle. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOOD SCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE CTR LAB,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930. RP KELLEHER, SD (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MARINE STN,POB 7128 LANESVILLE STN,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930, USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06945.x PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA NJ330 UT WOS:A1994NJ33000008 ER PT J AU FULLERROWELL, TJ CODRESCU, MV MOFFETT, RJ QUEGAN, S AF FULLERROWELL, TJ CODRESCU, MV MOFFETT, RJ QUEGAN, S TI RESPONSE OF THE THERMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE TO GEOMAGNETIC STORMS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEVERE MAGNETIC STORM; ANTARCTIC F-REGION; MARCH 22; MODEL; LATITUDES; PATTERNS; PERTURBATIONS; DISTURBANCES; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS AB Four numerical simulations have been performed, at equinox, using a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere model, to illustrate the response of the upper atmosphere to geomagnetic storms. The storms are characterized by an increase in magnetospheric energy input at high latitude for a 12-hour period; each storm commences at a different universal time (UT). The initial response at high latitude is that Joule heating raises the temperature of the upper thermosphere and ion drag drives high-velocity neutral winds. The heat source drives a global wind surge, from both polar regions, which propagates to low latitudes and into the opposite hemisphere. The surge has the character of a large-scale gravity wave with a phase speed of about 600 m s-1. Behind the surge a global circulation of magnitude 100 m s-1 is established at middle latitudes, indicating that the wave and the onset of global circulation are manifestations of the same phenomena. A dominant feature of the response is the penetration of the surge into the opposite hemisphere where it drives poleward winds for a few hours. The global wind surge has a preference for the night sector and for the longitude of the magnetic pole and therefore depends on the UT start time of the storm. A second phase of the meridional circulation develops after the wave interaction but is also restricted, in this case by the buildup of zonal winds via the Coriolis interaction. Conservation of angular momentum may limit the buildup of zonal wind in extreme cases. The divergent wind field drives upwelling and composition change on both height and pressure surfaces. The composition bulge responds to both the background and the storm-induced horizontal winds; it does not simply rotate with Earth. During the storm the disturbance wind modulates the location of the bulge; during the recovery the background winds induce a diurnal variation in its position. Equatorward winds in sunlight produce positive ionospheric changes during the main driving phase of the storm. Negative ionospheric phases are caused by increases of molecular nitrogen in regions of sunlight, the strength of which depends on longitude and the local time of the sector during the storm input. Regions of positive phase in the ionosphere persist in the recovery period due to decreases in mean molecular mass in regions of previous downwelling. Ion density changes, expressed as a ratio of disturbed to quiet values, exhibit a diurnal variation that is driven by the location of the composition bulge; this variation explains the ac component of the local time variation of the observed negative storm phase. C1 UNIV SHEFFIELD, DEPT APPL & COMPUTAT MATH, SHEFFIELD S10 2UN, ENGLAND. RP FULLERROWELL, TJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, CIRES, NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 39 TC 405 Z9 410 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 99 IS A3 BP 3893 EP 3914 DI 10.1029/93JA02015 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MZ639 UT WOS:A1994MZ63900007 ER PT J AU SOULEN, RJ FOGLE, WE COLWELL, JH AF SOULEN, RJ FOGLE, WE COLWELL, JH TI MEASUREMENTS OF ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE BELOW 0.75-K USING A JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION NOISE THERMOMETER SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID R-SQUID; IMPEDANCE; SCALE AB In order to extend the international temperature scale of 1990, ITS-90, below its lower limit of 0.65 K, we have developed a temperature scale ranging from 6 to 750 mK Values of absolute temperature are defined on this scale by an R-SQUID noise thermometer. A review is given here of the decade of our experience in the operation of this thermometer and in modeling its systematic errors. The reproducibility of noise temperature values was assessed using superconductive fixed points and the melting curve of He-3. To assess the accuracy of the noise thermometer, it was compared with another absolute thermometer (based on nuclear orientation) at the lowest temperatures and with an internationally recognized scale above 0.5 K The noise thermometer temperatures were used to calibrate two paramagnetic salt thermometers, the result being the construction of a temperature scale that is smooth to approximately 0.01 %. On the basis of these comparisons, temperature values defined by the R-SQUID are deemed to be reproducible to within 0.1 % and accurate to within 0.3 %. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 46 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 94 IS 5-6 BP 385 EP 487 DI 10.1007/BF00753823 PG 103 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NC774 UT WOS:A1994NC77400002 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GC RUDNICK, DL TAFT, BA AF JOHNSON, GC RUDNICK, DL TAFT, BA TI BOTTOM WATER VARIABILITY IN THE SAMOA PASSAGE SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCEAN AB The Samoa Passage (near 10S, 170W) is the channel through which the coldest, saltiest, densest bottom water approaches the North Pacific Ocean from its southern source. Over the past 25 years, three hydrographic sections have been made across the passage. A section occupied in 1968 shows little sign of modified North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) within the northward flowing Lower Circumpolar Water (LCPW). In contrast, a section occupied in 1987 shows a strong negative curvature in theta-S (potential temperature-salinity) and a local maximum in salinity characteristic of NADW. A third section occupied in 1992 reveals a marginal NADW signature. The three sections are objectively mapped and very fine-scale bivariate areal theta-S censuses are made for a quantitative comparison of differences in water-mass structure. The strength of the NADW signature could fluctuate over a wide range of time-scales. However, these data are consistent with decadal variability, with no NADW signal in the passage in 1968, a strong signal in 1987, and a weak one in 1992. The geostrophic volume transport through the passage is 1.0 +/- 0.2, 5.6 +/- 1.3, and 4.8 +/- 0.6 x 10(6) m3 s-1 below a zero-velocity surface (ZVS) of theta = 1.2-degrees-C for the 1968, 1987, and 1992 sections respectively. The transport estimates, made for comparison with those from velocity data presently being collected by a current meter array in the passage, are sensitive to variations in the choice of ZVS. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG 0230,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP JOHNSON, GC (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,BIN C15700,BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; Rudnick, Daniel/J-8948-2016 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Rudnick, Daniel/0000-0002-2624-7074 NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 52 IS 2 BP 177 EP 196 DI 10.1357/0022240943077118 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA NL005 UT WOS:A1994NL00500001 ER PT J AU CAI, HD KALCEFF, MAS LAWN, BR AF CAI, HD KALCEFF, MAS LAWN, BR TI DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE OF MICA-CONTAINING GLASS-CERAMICS IN HERTZIAN CONTACTS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE SOLIDS; STRENGTH; ALUMINA; CRACKS; INDENTATION; INTERFACES; TOUGHNESS; FAILURE; GROWTH; STATES AB The Hertzian indentation response of a machinable mica-containing glass-ceramic is studied. Relative to the highly brittle base glass from which it is formed, the glass-ceramic shows evidence of considerable ''ductility'' in its indentation stress-strain response. Section views through the indentation sites reveal a transition from classical cone fracture outside the contact area in the base glass to accumulated subsurface deformation-microfracture in the glass-ceramic. The deformation is attributed to shear-driven sliding at the weak interfaces between the mica flakes and glass matrix. Extensile microcracks initiate at the shear-fault interfaces and propagate into the matrix, ultimately coalescing with neighbors at adjacent mica flakes to effect easy material removal. The faults are subject to strong compressive stresses in the Hertzian field, suggesting that frictional tractions are an important element in the micromechanics. Bend-test measurements on indented specimens show that the glass-ceramic, although weaker than its base glass counterpart, has superior resistance to strength degradation at high contact loads. Implications of the results in relation to microstructural design of glass-ceramics for optimal toughness, strength, and wear and fatigue properties are discussed. RP CAI, HD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 61 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 762 EP 770 DI 10.1557/JMR.1994.0762 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MZ039 UT WOS:A1994MZ03900031 ER PT J AU SHASTY, V ANDERSON, PM THOMSON, R AF SHASTY, V ANDERSON, PM THOMSON, R TI NONLOCAL EFFECTS OF EXISTING DISLOCATIONS ON CRACK-TIP EMISSION AND CLEAVAGE SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE; TRANSITION AB This paper investigates the criterion for a ductile-to-brittle transition in materials, due to nonlocal shielding effects at the crack tip when the dislocation free zone (DFZ) size is small. It is found that both cleavage and emission criteria are altered by nonlocal shielding, but that the emission shift is dominant, and is always in the direction to increase the local critical stress intensity for emission, k(IIe). The nonlocal shift varies with the sum, SIGMA(gamma(us)d(j))-3/2, over each dislocation (j), where gamma(us) is the unstable stacking fault energy, and d(j) is the distance from each dislocation to the crack tip. When there is a pileup of many shielding dislocations against a barrier near the crack tip, the total shift for the pileup varies as (gamma(us)d)-1. The most likely candidates for a brittle transition induced by the nonlocal shift are materials where barriers to dislocation motion exist within 10-100 nanometers of the crack tip, such as in thin films, multilayers, or ultrafine grain materials. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SHASTY, V (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,116 W 19TH AVE,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 3 BP 812 EP 827 DI 10.1557/JMR.1994.0812 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MZ039 UT WOS:A1994MZ03900037 ER PT J AU UNGAR, AA AF UNGAR, AA TI THE ABSTRACT COMPLEX LORENTZ TRANSFORMATION GROUP WITH REAL METRIC .1. SPECIAL RELATIVITY FORMALISM TO DEAL WITH THE HOLOMORPHIC AUTOMORPHISM GROUP OF THE UNIT BALL IN ANY COMPLEX HILBERT-SPACE SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THOMAS AB Viewing the unit ball in a complex Hilbert space as a set of relativistically admissible complex velocities, the holomorphic automorphisms of the ball emerge as ''complex relativistic velocity additions'' and ''complex rotations'' (that is, unitary transformations). Hence, newly discovered properties of the abstract real Lorentz group [A. A. Ungar, Am. J. Phys. 59, 824 (1991); A. A. Ungar, Am. J. Phys. 60, 815 (1992)], which turn out to provide powerful tools for the study of the holomorphic automorphisms of the unit ball in any complex Hilbert space, are of interest in the literature [W. Rudin, Function Theory in the Unit Ball of C(n) (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980)]. A particularly useful and important tool turns out to be provided by Thomas gyration, which is an abstraction of the well-known Thomas precession of special relativity theory, and which gives rise to a gyrogroup structure underlying the ball. Results of this article set the stage for the study, in a subsequent article, of complex Lorentz transformation groups, U(1,n), in a way analogous to the study of Galilean groups. The dimension n is finite or infinite, and a real parameter c is involved in such a way that in the limit of large c, c --> infinity, the Lorentz groups that we study reduce to their Galilean counterparts. RP UNGAR, AA (reprint author), NOAA,MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812, USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 1408 EP 1426 DI 10.1063/1.530597 PG 19 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA MZ254 UT WOS:A1994MZ25400025 ER PT J AU SANDER, LC SCHNEIDER, M WISE, SA WOOLLEY, C AF SANDER, LC SCHNEIDER, M WISE, SA WOOLLEY, C TI SHAPE SELECTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF STATIONARY PHASES IN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF MICROCOLUMN SEPARATIONS LA English DT Article DE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATIONARY PHASES; LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYSILOXANE; C(18) POLYSILOXANE; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; SEPARATION; CRYSTAL; ISOMERS; RETENTION; IDENTIFICATION; CONGENERS AB Column selectivity is examined for a series of smectic liquid crystalline columns and is compared with methyl and C18 polysiloxane columns for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) isomers. A set of e,tended and condensed solute probes is described that provides a sensitive indication of variations in column shape selectivity. Examples of shape selectivity differences are presented for smectic liquid crystalline columns and 5% phenyl polysiloxane columns using various PAH isomer sets. Variations in selectivity have been observed among different smectic liquid crystalline columns, and this problem appears more significant than for methyl polysiloxane columns. The selectivity ratio for tetraphenylmethane and p-terphenyl provides a sensitive indication of column shape selectivity, with a change in elution order occurring between ordered (smectic liquid crystalline) columns and non-ordered (methyl polysiloxane) columns. Shape selectivity differences indicated by this test mixture are apparent for more complex PAH isomer mixtures. Despite stationary phase selectivity variability, smectic liquid crystalline columns offer considerable potential for solving difficult separation problems involving structured solutes. C1 UNIV ULM,DEPT ANALYT & ENVIRONM CHEM,W-7900 ULM,GERMANY. SUPELCO INC,BELLEFONTE,PA 16823. RP SANDER, LC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU MICROSEPARATIONS INC PI PROVO PA DEPT CHEM BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, PROVO, UT 84602-1022 SN 1040-7685 J9 J MICROCOLUMN SEP JI J. Microcolumn Sep. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2 BP 115 EP 125 DI 10.1002/mcs.1220060205 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA NH882 UT WOS:A1994NH88200004 ER PT J AU PRATT, HL TANAKA, S AF PRATT, HL TANAKA, S TI SPERM STORAGE IN MALE ELASMOBRANCHS - A DESCRIPTION AND SURVEY SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHARK; SPERMATOZOA AB Two basic types of spermatozoan aggregates, spermatophores and spermatozeugmata, found in 14 different species of sharks, one species of skate, and one species of chimaera (holocephalan), were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Spermatophores, aggregates (usually 1,000-6,000 mu m in diameter and larger) of randomly clumped sperm embedded in and surrounded by an eosinophilic matrix, were found in Alopias superciliosus, Odontaspis taurus, Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus oxyrinchus, and Lamna nasus. Three types of spermatozeugmata, sperm structures without a surrounding capsule or matrix, are described. The first, clumps of 60-200 sperm unbound in a supporting matrix, are found in Squalus acanthias and Hydrolagus colliei. In the second type, single-layered spheres are formed of sperm clumps with the sperm heads bound in a common supporting matrix. These are found in Carcharhinus limbatus and Carcharhinus plumbeus. The third type of spermatozeugmata are large multilayered, compound structures formed by the accretion of several single-layered aggregates. These multilayered structures characteristically are found in Carcharhinus falciformis, C. limbatus, Carcharhinus obscurus, C. plumbeus, Carcharhinus porosus, Prionace glauca, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, and Sphyrna lewini. Sperm aggregates of all types are stored between the septa and in the lumen of the terminal ampulla of the epididymis. In their various forms they are the final product of the mature male elasmobranch reproductive tract. In a male with mature claspers, the presence of sperm aggregates is a more reliable indicator of maturity and sexual activity than is clasper condition alone. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 TOKAI UNIV,SCH MARINE SCI & TECHNOL,SHIMIZU,SHIZUOKA 424,JAPAN. RP PRATT, HL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,28 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 219 IS 3 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1002/jmor.1052190309 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA NB442 UT WOS:A1994NB44200008 PM 8169955 ER PT J AU MASUMOTO, T HARDY, RW STICKNEY, RR AF MASUMOTO, T HARDY, RW STICKNEY, RR TI PANTOTHENIC-ACID DEFICIENCY DETECTION IN RAINBOW-TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS) SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE PANTOTHENIC ACID; RAINBOW TROUT; DEFICIENCY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY ID SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS; METABOLISM; GROWTH; TURBOT AB Rainbow trout averaging 150 g were fed semipurified diets supplemented or not supplemented with pantothenic acid. After 16 wk of feeding, fish fed the deficient diet had reduced feed intake. At 28 wk, supplemented fish weighed >600 g, whereas deficient fish weighed 425 g. Deficient fish became anorectic and listless at 25 wk and began to die at 28 wk. Histological examination of gill tissue revealed fused gill lamellae in the deficient fish, confirming pantothenic acid deficiency. At 4-wk intervals, samples of fish were taken from each group for determination of free and total concentrations of pantothenic acid in gills, liver, heart and erythrocytes by RIA. Concentrations of bound pantothenic acid, calculated by difference, did not differ between dietary treatment groups except in gills. Free pantothenic acid concentration in gills and heart were significantly lower in fish fed the deficient diet than in those fed the complete diet after 4 wk of feeding and remained so thereafter. Free pantothenic acid concentrations in the livers of deficient fish were significantly different from those in sufficient fish after 16 wk of feeding. Erythrocyte free pantothenic acid concentrations of deficient fish were significantly different from initial values at 8 wk and beyond. Using free pantothenic acid concentrations in erythrocytes allows detection of pantothenic acid deficiency in fish that are too valuable to permit destructive sampling techniques, such as broodstock and threatened or endangered species. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 124 IS 3 BP 430 EP 435 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MZ316 UT WOS:A1994MZ31600016 PM 8120663 ER PT J AU HUBBELL, JH TREHAN, PN SINGH, N CHAND, B MEHTA, D GARG, ML GARG, RR SINGH, S PURI, S AF HUBBELL, JH TREHAN, PN SINGH, N CHAND, B MEHTA, D GARG, ML GARG, RR SINGH, S PURI, S TI A REVIEW, BIBLIOGRAPHY, AND TABULATION OF K, L, AND HIGHER ATOMIC SHELL X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE YIELDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE AUGER EFFECT; ENERGY-ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; FLUORESCENCE YIELD; IONIZATION; PHOTON; RADIATIONLESS TRANSITIONS; VACANCIES; X-RAY AB The measured K, L, and higher atomic shell x-ray fluorescence yield data, covering the period 1978 to 1993, following the major previous compilations by Bambynek et al. (1972) and Krause (1979), are reviewed. An annotated bibliography of x-ray fluorescence yield measurements, analyses, fits and tables 1978-1993 is presented. Comparisons of the fluorescence yields omega(K), omega(L)BAR, and omega(M)BAR, based on measurements, and on theoretical models, are presented. Values Of omega(K), omega(L)BAR, and omega(M)BAR, fitted to standard empirical parametric formulations, are presented. In addition, selected well-characterized measured omega(K), omega(L)BAR, and omega(M)BAR results restricted to the period 1978-1993 are listed. These selected measured values are fitted by least squares to polynomials in Z of the form SIGMA(n)a(n)Z(n) and compared with theoretical and with earlier fitted values. A section on application of fluorescence yield data to computations of x-ray energy-absorption coefficients is included. RP HUBBELL, JH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 343 Z9 345 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 339 EP 364 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA NQ268 UT WOS:A1994NQ26800003 ER PT J AU LIU, Z PEDLOSKY, J AF LIU, Z PEDLOSKY, J TI THERMOCLINE FORCED BY ANNUAL AND DECADAL SURFACE-TEMPERATURE VARIATION SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID IDEAL FLUID THERMOCLINE; MIXED-LAYER; VENTILATED THERMOCLINE; NORTH PACIFIC; THICKNESS; DENSITY; OCEAN; MODEL; WAVES AB A two-layer thermocline model is modified by adding an essentially passive mixed layer above it. The surface temperature variation is simulated by a moving outcrop line. It is found that, in contrast to a surface wind stress, a surface temperature variation causes strong variability in the ventilated zone through subducted water, while it affects the shadow zone little. Two types of buoyancy-forced solution are found. When the outcrop line moves slowly, the solutions are nonentrainment solutions. For these solutions, the surface heat flux is mainly balanced by the horizontal advection in the permanent thermocline. The mixed layer never entrains. The time-mean thermocline is close to the steady thermocline with the time-mean outcrop line. When the outcrop line moves southward rapidly during the cooling season, the solutions become entrainment solutions. Now, deep vertical convection must occur because the horizontal advection in the permanent thermocline is no longer strong enough to balance the surface cooling. The time-mean thermocline resembles the steady thermocline with the early spring mixed layer, as suggested by Stommel. The local variability in the permanent thermocline is most efficiently produced by decadal forcings. C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP LIU, Z (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,SAYER HALL,POB CN 710,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 24 IS 3 BP 587 EP 608 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0587:TFBAAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA NB178 UT WOS:A1994NB17800005 ER PT J AU ZEISLER, R DEMIRALP, R MAKAREWICZ, M AF ZEISLER, R DEMIRALP, R MAKAREWICZ, M TI HIGH COUNT RATE GAMMA-SPECTROMETRY - A SUMMARY OF RECENT EXPERIMENTS IN HIGH-ACCURACY NAA APPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article AB A source of error in the gamma-spectrometric registration of the analytical signal in neutron activation analysis is its dependency on the overall count Fate. Losses in the accuracy of quantitation occur due to hardware and software. This paper presents examples for solutions to these problems and demonstrates that accurate NAA can be accomplished under high-rate counting conditions with commercially available technology. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZEISLER, R (reprint author), INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY,SEIBERSDORF LABS,POB 100,A-1400 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 179 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1007/BF02037925 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA NM817 UT WOS:A1994NM81700007 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, RR AF GREENBERG, RR TI ACCURACY IN STANDARDS PREPARATION FOR NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article AB Errors in preparing standards, especially multielemental standards, are extremely important if accurate results are desired from neutron activation analysis (NAA). It is often convenient to prepare standards for NAA from single or multi-element solutions which are then deposited onto (or into) a suitable matrix, such as filter paper or quartz vials. There are many potential sources of error in preparing single-element standards including: impurities and non-stoichiometric composition of the element or compound used to prepare the standards solutions; evaporative losses of solvent; inaccuracy of calibration, and imprecision of the pipettes used; moisture content of elements or compounds used; contamination from reagents, equipment, laboratory environment, or final matrix of the standard: instability of standard solutions (i.e., to losses via precipitation or adsorption), and losses of volatile elements during dissolution and/or irradiation. Additional sources of error in preparing multielement standards includes: instability of mixed, multielement solutions, and cross-contamination of one element by the addition of a second element. Procedures previously used by the author at NIST to prepare multielement standards with concentrations accurate to about one percent are described. Additional techniques needed to prepare multielement standards with accuracies better than 1 percent will be discussed. RP GREENBERG, RR (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 179 IS 1 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1007/BF02037933 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA NM817 UT WOS:A1994NM81700015 ER PT J AU BECKER, DA ANDERSON, DL LINDSTROM, RM GREENBERG, RR GARRITY, KM MACKEY, EA AF BECKER, DA ANDERSON, DL LINDSTROM, RM GREENBERG, RR GARRITY, KM MACKEY, EA TI USE OF INAA, PGAA, AND RNAA TO DETERMINE 30 ELEMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION OF AN SRM - TOMATO LEAVES, 1573A SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article AB Analyses for certification have been made for the determination of 30 elements in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Tomato Leaves renewal reference material, SRM 1573a. Three of the analytical techniques used were instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA), and prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA). These techniques provided data on 19 elements by INAA, 10 elements by PGAA, and 7 elements by RNAA, with some overlap between techniques. For example, INAA was able to obtain overall analytical uncerainties (at the 95% confidence level) averaging +/-22% for major and minor constituents (Ca, Mg, K), +/-3.3% for constituents from 1 to 1000 mug/g (Na, Fe, Al, Mn, Ba, Zn, Rb, La, Cr), and +/-6.4% for elements between 10 and 1000 ng/g (Co, V, Se, Th. Sc, Sb), using sample dry weights of approximately 150 mg. These analyses represent the most extensive use to date of nuclear analytical techniques in the certification of a trace element SRM at NIST. RP BECKER, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,CSTL,IARD,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 179 IS 1 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1007/BF02037935 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA NM817 UT WOS:A1994NM81700017 ER PT J AU DOMEN, SR AF DOMEN, SR TI A SEALED WATER CALORIMETER FOR MEASURING ABSORBED DOSE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABSORBED DOSE; CALORIMETER; CONVECTIVE BARRIER; HEAT DEFECT; THERMISTOR; WATER ID HEAT DEFECT; TOTAL ABSORPTION; POLYSTYRENE AB The NIST sealed water calorimeter is intended for direct measurement of absorbed dose to water. This calorimeter was used for a series of approximately 3700 measurements to investigate the so-called heat defect, that is, anomalous endothermic or exothermic effects caused by dissolved gases. The three systems investigated were ''high-purity'' water saturated with N2, H-2, and mixtures of H-2/O2. The repeatability of the measurements of and dose rates for the Co-60 teletherapy beam was studied with different water fillings and accumulated absorbed dose. Measurements with the H-2/O2 system varied with accumulated absorbed dose. Based on the measurements and theoretical considerations, it appears that the H-2-saturated system is the best choice for eliminating the heat defect. Measurements with both the N2- and H-2-saturated systems are in good agreement with those determined with a graphite and graphite-water calorimeter (for which there is no heat defect). RP DOMEN, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV IONIZING RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 121 EP 141 DI 10.6028/jres.099.012 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA NU160 UT WOS:A1994NU16000001 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, MH NEWELL, AC GRIMM, KR HOFFMAN, J SCHRANK, HE AF FRANCIS, MH NEWELL, AC GRIMM, KR HOFFMAN, J SCHRANK, HE TI PLANAR NEAR-FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF LOW-SIDELOBE ANTENNAS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS; FAR FIELD; LOW-SIDELOBE ANTENNAS; PLANAR NEAR FIELD AB The planar near-field measurement technique is a proven technology for measuring ordinary antennas operating in the microwave region. The development of very low-sidelobe antennas raises the question whether this technique can be used to accurately measure these antennas. We show that data taken with an open-end waveguide probe and processed with the planar near-field methodology, including probe correction, can be used to accurately measure the sidelobes of very low-sidelobe antennas to levels of -55 dB to -60 dB relative to the main beam peak. A special probe with a null in the direction of the main beam was also used for some of these measurements. This special probe reduced some of the measurement uncertainties but increased the uncertainties due to probe-antenna interactions. We discuss the major sources of uncertainty and show that the probe-antenna interaction is one of the limiting factors in making accurate measurements. The test antenna for this study was a slotted-waveguide array whose low sidelobes were known. The near-field measurements were conducted on the NIST planar near-field facility. C1 NICHOLS RES CORP, RF SYST RES & DEV, VIENNA, VA 22182 USA. RP FRANCIS, MH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 143 EP 167 DI 10.6028/jres.099.013 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA NU160 UT WOS:A1994NU16000002 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, GB AF MCKENNA, GB TI ON THE PHYSICS REQUIRED FOR PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF POLYMERS AND THEIR COMPOSITES SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COMPOSITES; CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS; GLASSES; MATERIAL CLOCKS; NONLINEAR VISCOELASTICITY PERFORMANCE; SOLID POLYMERS ID CREEP-RUPTURE BEHAVIOR; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; ENTHALPY RELAXATION; GLASSY-POLYMERS; LARGE STRESSES; EPOXY GLASSES; VOLUME CHANGE; YIELD; DEFORMATIONS AB The long term performance of polymers and their composites is an important aspect of their increasing use in engineering applications. Temporal, thermal, and mechanical stresses can all contribute to the deterioration of performance. Here we examine the concepts of the physics of glassy polymers and how they are important in developing constitutive equations that describe their volume/temperature/stress time response. The understanding of such response forms the basis of the prediction of long term performance. RP MCKENNA, GB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 47 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.6028/jres.099.014 PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA NU160 UT WOS:A1994NU16000003 ER PT J AU FU, J CROARKIN, MC VORBURGER, TV AF FU, J CROARKIN, MC VORBURGER, TV TI THE MEASUREMENT AND UNCERTAINTY OF A CALIBRATION STANDARD FOR THE SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INTERFEROMETER; PRECISION; RANDOM ERROR; SYSTEMATIC ERROR; SRM; UNCERTAINTY ID DIAMETER POLYSTYRENE SPHERES; CERTIFICATION AB Standard Reference Material 484 is an artifact for calibrating the magnification scale of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) within the range of 1000 x to 2000O x. Seven issues, SRM484, and SRM-484a to SRM-484f, have been certified between 1977 and 1992. This publication documents the instrumentation, measurement procedures and determination of uncertainty for SRM484 and illustrates with data from issues 484e and 484f. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP & APPL MATH LAB, DIV STAT ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP FU, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MFG ENGN LAB, DIV PRECIS ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.6028/jres.099.015 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA NU160 UT WOS:A1994NU16000004 ER PT J AU DEBIEVRE, P VALKIERS, S PESIER, HS AF DEBIEVRE, P VALKIERS, S PESIER, HS TI NEW VALUES FOR SILICON REFERENCE MATERIALS, CERTIFIED FOR ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE RATIOS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter DE ABSOLUTE ABUNDANCES; ATOMIC WEIGHTS; CYCLOTRON FREQUENCIES; ISOTOPE ABUNDANCES; ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETRY; ISOTOPE REFERENCE MATERIALS; PENNING TRAP; RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES; REFERENCE MATERIAL; SILICON; SILICON TETRAFLUORIDE ID MASS AB New isotope abundance and relative atomic mass (atomic weight) values-with low, hitherto unattained uncertainty-are reported for two previously described silicon reference materials using a well-known method with an improved isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. These new values are directly traceable to the SI, more specifically to the unit for amount of substance, the mole, and independent of the SI unit of mass and of the Avogadro constant. Besides the residual mass-spectrometric uncertainties, these new values depend in effect only on a recently published direct comparison of the cyclotron frequency in a Penning trap of Si-28+ with that of C-12+. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP DEBIEVRE, P (reprint author), COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, JOINT RES CTR, INST REFERENCE MAT & MEASUREMENTS, B-2440 GEEL, BELGIUM. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 99 IS 2 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.6028/jres.099.016 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA NU160 UT WOS:A1994NU16000005 ER PT J AU WILKINSON, DC AF WILKINSON, DC TI NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATIONS SPACECRAFT ANOMALY DATA-BASE AND EXAMPLES OF SOLAR-ACTIVITY AFFECTING SPACECRAFT SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 08-11, 1990 CL RENO, NV SP AMER INST AERONAUT & ASTRONAUT ID UPSETS AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geophysical Data Center maintains a data base of anomalous spacecraft behavior attributed to environmental interactions. This paper introduces the data base and its capabilities. Examples from the data base are presented, and their environmentally related trends are illustrated. The active sun during 1989 provided valuable lessons in the interaction between the space environment and space borne technology. The effects of that activity are summarized. RP WILKINSON, DC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,SOLAR & HIGH ATMOSPHERE GRP,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 160 EP 165 DI 10.2514/3.26417 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA NG692 UT WOS:A1994NG69200003 ER PT J AU LYON, G SNELICK, R KACKER, R AF LYON, G SNELICK, R KACKER, R TI SYNTHETIC-PERTURBATION TUNING OF MIMD PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE ARTIFICIAL PARAMETERS; DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS; MIMD; PARALLEL PROGRAMMING; PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AB Synthetic-perturbation tuning (SPT) is a novel technique for assaying and improving the performance of programs on MIMD systems. Conceptually, SPT brings the powerful, mathematical perspective of statisticlly designed experiments to the interdependent, sometimes refractory aspects of MIMD program tuning. Practically, synthetic perturbations provide a much needed quick-change mechanism for what otherwise would be ad hoc, hand-configured experiment setups. Overall, the technique identifies bottlenecks in programs directly as quantitative effects upon a measured response. SPT works on programs for both shared and distributed memory and it scales well with increasing system size. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LYON, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ADV SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 5 EP 28 DI 10.1007/BF01666906 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA NJ090 UT WOS:A1994NJ09000001 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, W AULD, BA ALERS, GA AF JOHNSON, W AULD, BA ALERS, GA TI SPECTROSCOPY OF RESONANT TORSIONAL MODES IN CYLINDRICAL RODS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCTION SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Two ultrasonic techniques employing electromagnetic-acoustic transduction are presented for performing measurements of the resonant torsional frequencies and Q of solid cylindrical metallic rods. One of these techniques uses long radio-frequency pulses to drive the sample into resonance and the other uses continuous-wave excitation. Measurements are performed on an aluminum alloy. Since the transduction involves no mechanical coupling, the background damping is low; the Q is 1.2 X 10(5) at 755 kHz with the sample simply supported on its side. The shear velocity is determined with an accuracy of better than 2 parts in 10(4) (limited by the uncertainty in the measurement of the sample radius). RP JOHNSON, W (reprint author), NIST,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1413 EP 1418 DI 10.1121/1.408582 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA NA773 UT WOS:A1994NA77300022 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JA BOYER, M BENTZ, DP AF LEWIS, JA BOYER, M BENTZ, DP TI BINDER DISTRIBUTION IN MACRO-DEFECT-FREE CEMENTS - RELATION BETWEEN PERCOLATIVE PROPERTIES AND MOISTURE ABSORPTION KINETICS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL ACETATE; POROSITY; MEDIA AB Macro-defect-free (MDF) cement is fabricated from a calcium aluminate cement and a poly(vinyl alcohol-acetate) (PVA) copolymer. For the composites studied, it was determined that the interphase regions comprised 63 vol% of the total binder content, while the bulk PVA regions comprised 37 vol% of this phase. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that a bimodal pore size distribution developed as binder was removed in increasing amounts from heat-treated samples. Larger pores with a characteristic diameter above 30 nm resulted from the removal of bulk PVA, whereas smaller pores approximately 5 nm in size resulted from the removal of water and PVA from the interphase regions. Simulation results obtained from a hard-core/soft-shell continuum percolation model of the MDF microstructure indicate that both the bulk PVA and interphase regions form percolative pathways through the system. Dramatic changes in both moisture absorption kinetics and flexural strength were observed only when a percolative network of larger pores was present in these composites. Hence, the bulk polymer regions are the dominant transport pathway for moisture in MDF cement. Based on this knowledge, processing guidelines have been developed to improve the moisture resistance of these materials. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LEWIS, JA (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 77 IS 3 BP 711 EP 716 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb05354.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA NB055 UT WOS:A1994NB05500015 ER PT J AU SUN, DZ LINDZEN, RS AF SUN, DZ LINDZEN, RS TI A PV VIEW OF THE ZONAL MEAN DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE AND WIND IN THE EXTRATROPICAL TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; THERMOCLINE AB The dependence of the temperature and wind distribution of the zonal mean flow in the extratropical troposphere on the gradient of potential vorticity along isentropes is examined. The extratropics here refer to the region outside the Hadley circulation. Of particular interest is whether the distribution of temperature and wind corresponding to a constant PV along isentropes resembles the observed, and the implications of PV homogenization along isentropes for the role of the tropics. With the assumption that PV is homogenized along isentropes, it is found that the temperature distribution in the extratropical troposphere may be determined by a linear, first-order partial differential equation. When the observed surface temperature distribution and tropical lapse rate are used as the boundary conditions, the solution of the equation is close to the observed temperature distribution except in the upper troposphere adjacent to the Hadley circulation, where the troposphere with no PV gradient is considerably colder. Consequently, the jet is also stronger. It is also found that the meridional distribution of the balanced zonal wind is very sensitive to the meridional distribution of the tropopause temperature. The result may suggest that the requirement of the global momentum balance has no practical role in determining the extratropical temperature distribution. The authors further investigated the sensitivity of the extratropical troposphere with constant PV along isentropes to changes in conditions at the tropical boundary (the edge of the Hadley circulation). It is found that the temperature and wind distributions in the extratropical troposphere are sensitive to the vertical distribution of PV at the tropical boundary. With a surface distribution of temperature that decreases linearly with latitude, the jet maximum occurs at the tropical boundary and moves with it. The overall pattern of wind distribution is not sensitive to the change of the position of the tropical boundary. Finally, the temperature and wind distributions of an extratropical troposphere with a finite PV gradient are calculated. It is found that the larger the isentropic PV gradient, the warmer the troposphere and the weaker the jet. C1 MIT,CTR METEOROL & PHYS OCEANOG,BLDG 54,RM 1720,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 5 BP 757 EP 772 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0757:APVOTZ>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NB649 UT WOS:A1994NB64900007 ER PT J AU EKBERG, JO READER, J AF EKBERG, JO READER, J TI SPECTRUM AND ENERGY-LEVELS OF 5-TIMES-IONIZED NIOBIUM (NB VI) SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MO-VII; RB-II; TRANSITIONS; IX AB The spectrum of the kryptonlike ion Nb VI was observed from 325 to 2700 angstrom with sliding-spark discharges on 10.7-m normal-incidence and grazing-incidence spectrographs. Experimental energies were determined for all levels of the 4s(2)4p6, 4s(2)4p(5)4d, 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, 5g, 6s, and 4s4p(6)4d configurations as well as for some levels of the 4s(2)4p(5)6g and 6h configurations. A total of 303 lines are now classified as transitions between 99 observed levels. Large hyperfine splittings were found for several levels of the 4p(5)5s and 5p configurations. The observed configurations were theoretically interpreted by means of Hartree-Fock calculations and least-squares fits of the energy parameters to the observed levels. An improved value of the ionization energy was determined from the 4p(5)5g, 6g, and 6h configurations. The adopted value of the limit is 823 240 +/- 50 cm-1 (102.069 +/- 0.006 eV). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP EKBERG, JO (reprint author), LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22101 LUND,SWEDEN. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 11 IS 3 BP 415 EP 427 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.11.000415 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA NB822 UT WOS:A1994NB82200002 ER PT J AU TISON, SA MOHAN, P AF TISON, SA MOHAN, P TI USING CHARACTERIZED VARIABLE RESERVOIR HELIUM PERMEATION LEAKS TO GENERATE LOW FLOWS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; STANDARDS; VACUUM AB Fixed reservoir helium permeation leaks are frequently used to generate known flows for calibration of leak detectors. Determination of the flow from helium permeation leaks becomes difficult in the low flow range (10(-12) mol/s, 2 x 10(-8) std. cc/s 273.15 K, and below) which is of high interest to industrial and government users. It has been shown that the flow of a helium permeation leak varies linearly with the helium concentration within the leak reservoir. This relationship was established over a flow range from 10(-11) to 10(-12) mol/s for a particular variable reservoir leak artifact by measuring the flow generated when the reservoir concentration was varied over a range from 4.6 x 10(-1) to 4 x 10(-2) mol/l. Using this relationship, flows in the 10(-13)-10(-14) mol/s region were calculated from measured helium concentrations in the leak artifact reservoir and then compared with the NIST primary leak standard. The results showed agreement, to within experimental error between the two techniques for generating low flows. This technique of generating known low flows by varying the helium concentration in the reservoirs of previously characterized helium permeation leak artifacts has the potential of significantly extending low flow measurements beyond current capabilities. RP TISON, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 12 IS 2 BP 564 EP 567 DI 10.1116/1.578834 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA NB636 UT WOS:A1994NB63600047 ER PT J AU HALL, JL AF HALL, JL TI FREQUENCY-STABILIZED LASERS - FROM THE BEGINNING TOWARD THE FUTURE SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The first laser stabilization experiments with laser/absorber systems - such as He-Ne/CH4, CO2/CO2 and He-Ne/I2, were based on intracavity saturated absorption and led to unprecedented laser stability performance in the 10(-13) domain for the favorable case of He-Ne/CH4. Later, the added flexibility of experiments with an external cell, combined with other absorbers, led to further significant stability and resolution improvements. The natural extension of this work is to employ tunable lasers, which allow study of basically any spectroscopic feature of interest, but extensive efforts have been required to provide adequate stability and frequency-scan control. By using stable reference cavities and/or optical phase locking, subhertz frequency control has been demonstrated with most of these tunable sources. Convenient, wideband frequency measurement technology is still being developed. With the current explosion of interest in atom trapping techniques and atom/ion laser cooling, we can look forward to continuing major progress in the artform of narrow-line laser/supersharp absorber high-resolution spectroscopy. Applications range from atomic clocks, to cold-atom collision physics, to tests of special relativity. The combination of ultrastable lasers with cold atom interferometry will be especially powerful in offering new tests of fundamental physical principles. RP HALL, JL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 4 IS 2 BP 306 EP 318 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA NP606 UT WOS:A1994NP60600011 ER PT J AU FAHNENSTIEL, GL REDALJE, DG LOHRENZ, SE AF FAHNENSTIEL, GL REDALJE, DG LOHRENZ, SE TI HAS THE IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON BEEN OVERESTIMATED SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC-OCEAN; 3 WATER MASSES; CHROOCOCCOID CYANOBACTERIA; PHOTOTROPHIC PICOPLANKTON; PHYTOPLANKTON; SYNECHOCOCCUS; PRODUCTIVITY; AUTORADIOGRAPHY; MICHIGAN; DYNAMICS AB Postincubation differential filtration (PIDF), preincubation differential filtration (Pre-IDF), and track autoradiography (TA) were compared for estimating cell-specific and total photoautotrophic picoplankton production. Experiments were performed in Lakes Michigan and Huron and in the Gulf of Mexico. When Synechococcus dominated the photoautotrophic picoplankton community (> 70% of total picoplankton abundance), PIDF estimates of cell-specific and total picoplankton production were approximately 3.0 x (range, 2.0-3.8 x ) higher than TA estimates. PreIDF estimates of cell-specific and total picoplankton production, however, were only slightly higher than TA estimates (mean, 1.4 x ; range, 1.4-1.5 x). The higher PIDF estimates were attributable to breakage and damage of larger photoautotrophs during postincubation filtration and to retention of this labeled material on the smaller (0.2 mum) pore-size filter. Results from PIDF experiments must be viewed with caution and previous estimates of picoplankton production, cell-specific or total, based solely on PIDF may need to be re-evaluated. C1 UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,CTR MARINE SCI,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39529. RP FAHNENSTIEL, GL (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 432 EP 438 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NM679 UT WOS:A1994NM67900021 ER PT J AU SCHRAMM, W AF SCHRAMM, W TI OCEAN SERVICES - THE NOAA-NAVY MONTEREY CONNECTION SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP SCHRAMM, W (reprint author), NOAA,OCEAN APPLICAT BRANCH,MONTEREY,CA 93942, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA NT149 UT WOS:A1994NT14900006 ER PT J AU BURNS, TJ AF BURNS, TJ TI DOES A SHEAR-BAND RESULT FROM A THERMAL-EXPLOSION SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Shear Instabilities and Viscoplasticity Theories, as Part of the Annual Conference of the Society-of-Engineering-Science CY SEP 14-16, 1992 CL UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC ENGN SCI HO UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO AB Based on results of computer simulations using the numerical method of lines, a simplified one-dimensional reaction-diffusion type of model, with an Arrhenius-type model for the plastic flow surface, is presented for the localization of thermoelastic-plastic shear in ductile solids into an adiabatic shear band at high strain rate. This model is shown to share a number of similarities with a model of thermal reaction in a rigid solid explosive. Using small strain-rate-sensitivity asymptotics, which is analogous to high activation-energy asymptotics in the mathematical theory of combustion, it is shown there is an analogue in the mathematical theory of plasticity of the ignition problem in chemical combustion. This raises the interesting question: Does an adiabatic shear band result from a thermal explosion? RP BURNS, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 261 EP 271 DI 10.1016/0167-6636(94)90064-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA NE256 UT WOS:A1994NE25600016 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, WL SOARES, CG SAYEG, JA MCCULLOUGH, EC KLINE, RW WU, A MAITZ, AH AF MCLAUGHLIN, WL SOARES, CG SAYEG, JA MCCULLOUGH, EC KLINE, RW WU, A MAITZ, AH TI THE USE OF A RADIOCHROMIC DETECTOR FOR THE DETERMINATION OF STEREOTAXIC RADIOSURGERY DOSE CHARACTERISTICS SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ABSORBED DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; DOSIMETRY; GAMMA-RADIATION; RADIOCHROMIC FILMS; STEREOTAXIC RADIOSURGERY ID X-RAY; FILM; BEAMS; RADIATION; DOSIMETRY; THERAPY; METAL AB The measurement of absorbed dose as well as dose distributions (profiles and isodose curves) for small radiation fields (as encountered in stereotactic surgery) has been difficult due to the usual large detector size or densitometer aperture ( > 1 mm) relative to the radiation field (as small as (4 mm). The radiochromic direct-imaging film, when read with a scanning laser microdensitometer laser beam diameter 0.1 mm), overcomes this difficulty and has advantages over conventional film in providing improved precision, better tissue equivalence, greater dynamic range, higher spatial resolution, and room light handling. As a demonstration of suitability, the calibrated radiochromic film has been used to measure the dose characteristics for the 18-, 14-, 8-, and 4-mm fields from the gamma-ray stereotactic surgery units at Mayo Clinic and the University of Pittsburgh. Intercomparisons of radiochromic film with conventional methods of dosimetry and vendor-supplied computational dose planning system values indicate agreement to within +/- 2%. The dose, dose profiles, and isodose curves obtained with radiochromic film can provide high-spatial-resolution information of value for acceptance testing and quality control of dose measurement and/or calculation. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT RADIAT MED,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT CLIN SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. UNIV PITTSBURGH,CTR JOINT RADIAT ONCOL,DEPT RADIAT ONCOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP MCLAUGHLIN, WL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 379 EP 388 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA NA816 UT WOS:A1994NA81600004 PM 8208212 ER PT J AU PAN, ZT BENJAMIN, SG BROWN, JM SMIRNOVA, T AF PAN, ZT BENJAMIN, SG BROWN, JM SMIRNOVA, T TI COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTS WITH MAPS ON DIFFERENT PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES FOR SURFACE MOISTURE FLUX AND BOUNDARY-LAYER PROCESSES SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CLOSURE MODELS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; EVAPORATION; STABILITY; LAND AB This study compares several formulations parameterizing the surface moisture flux and boundary-layer processes using the theta-sigma hybrid-b model of the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS) within both 1D and 3D frameworks. A modified formula for computing the surface moisture flux is proposed based on the assumption that the layer below the lowest model computational level can be represented by three ''physical'' layers, of which the bottom one is the molecular layer. This three-layer aerodynamic (3LAD) scheme is compared with two-layer aerodynamic (2LAD) as well as flux matching and Penman-Monteith potential evapotranspiration (PM) schemes. Both a 10-day forecast period (3D) and case simulations demonstrate that the 3LAD scheme gives the best prediction in latent heat flux from the ground and mixing ratio in the atmosphere. The moisture flux produced by the 2LAD scheme is too large, especially over warm and moist surfaces. The mean 12-h forecast rms errors in relative humidity at the surface ( 10 m AGL) are 15.6%, 21.5%, and 26.0%, respectively, for the 3LAD, PM, and 2LAD schemes in a 10-day parallel lest period using MAPS. For the boundary-layer parameterization, the Mellor-Yamada level 2.0 turbulence scheme (MY) and Blackadar convective scheme are compared. Results show that the MY scheme gives more reasonable boundary-layer structure and smaller rms forecast errors. C1 NOAA,ERL FORECAST SYST LAB,R-E F51,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303. CHINESE ACAD METEOROL SCI,STATE METEOROL ADM,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015; Smirnova, Tatiana/D-3350-2015; Brown, John/D-3361-2015 OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236; NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 122 IS 3 BP 449 EP 470 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0449:CEWMOD>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NA356 UT WOS:A1994NA35600004 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, JL VANDENDOOL, HM AF ANDERSON, JL VANDENDOOL, HM TI SKILL AND RETURN OF SKILL IN DYNAMIC EXTENDED-RANGE FORECASTS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; MRF MODEL; PERFORMANCE; INTEGRATION; SIMULATION; ANALOGS AB The skill of a set of extended-range dynamical forecasts made with a modem numerical forecast model is examined. A forecast is said to be skillful if it produces a high quality forecast by correctly modeling some aspects of the dynamics of the real atmosphere; high quality forecasts may also occur by chance. The dangers of making a conclusion about model skill by verifying a single long-range forecast are pointed out by examples of apparently high ''skill'' verifications between extended-range forecasts and observed fields from entirely different years. To avoid these problems, the entire distribution of forecast quality for a large set of forecasts as a function of lead time is examined. A set of control forecasts that clearly have no skill is presented. The quality distribution for the extended-range forecasts is compared to the distributions of quality for the no-skill control forecast set. The extended-range forecast quality distributions are found to be essentially indistinguishable from those for the no-skill control at leads somewhat greater than 12 days. A search for individual forecasts with a ''return of skill'' at extended ranges is also made. Although it is possible to find individual forecasts that have a return of quality, a comparison to the no-skill controls demonstrates that these return of skill forecasts occur only as often as is expected by chance. C1 NATL METEOROL CTR,CAC,WASHINGTON,DC. RP ANDERSON, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 122 IS 3 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0507:SAROSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NA356 UT WOS:A1994NA35600007 ER PT J AU MAYFIELD, M AVILA, L RAPPAPORT, EN AF MAYFIELD, M AVILA, L RAPPAPORT, EN TI ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON OF 1992 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; SIMULATION; LANDFALL AB The 1992 hurricane season is summarized, including accounts of individual storms. Six tropical storms were tracked, of which four became hurricanes. In addition, one subtropical storm formed during the year. The season will be remembered most, however, for Hurricane Andrew. Although Andrew was the only hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States during 1992, it earned the distinction of becoming the most expensive natural disaster in United States history. RP MAYFIELD, M (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 122 IS 3 BP 517 EP 538 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0517:AHSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NA356 UT WOS:A1994NA35600008 ER PT J AU PASCH, RJ AVILA, LA AF PASCH, RJ AVILA, LA TI ATLANTIC TROPICAL SYSTEMS OF 1992 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB A total of 69 tropical waves (also known as African and easterly waves) were counted in the Atlantic basin during the 1992 hurricane season. As was the case in 1991, the waves were, in general, relatively weak. These waves led to the formation of only four tropical depressions in the Atlantic hurricane basin, of which one intensified into a tropical storm and another intensified into Hurricane Andrew. Andrew was the only 1992 Atlantic hurricane to originate from a tropical wave. There were five additional tropical depressions that were primarily initiated by systems of nontropical origin. These produced three hurricanes and one tropical storm. It appears that tropical waves led to the formation of practically all of the eastern Pacific tropical cyclones in 1992. RP PASCH, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,ROOM 631,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 122 IS 3 BP 539 EP 548 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0539:ATSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NA356 UT WOS:A1994NA35600009 ER PT J AU LAWRENCE, MB RAPPAPORT, EN AF LAWRENCE, MB RAPPAPORT, EN TI EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC HURRICANE SEASON OF 1992 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The National Hurricane Center tracked a record-breaking 27 tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific Ocean during 1992. Of the 27, 24 became tropical storms (also a record) and 14 became hurricanes. These records are based on data starting in 1966, which is when routine satellite surveillance began. Four hurricanes affected mainland Mexico. RP LAWRENCE, MB (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL HURRICANE CTR,1320 S DIXIE HIGHWAY,CORAL GABLES,FL 33146, USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 122 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0549:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NA356 UT WOS:A1994NA35600010 ER PT J AU GALLAWA, RL KUMAR, A WEISSHAAR, A AF GALLAWA, RL KUMAR, A WEISSHAAR, A TI FIBER SPLICE LOSS - A SIMPLE METHOD OF CALCULATION SO OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID GRADED-INDEX FIBERS; WAVE-GUIDES AB We evaluate the loss encountered when splicing between two circular single-mode fibres with unmatched parameters. Our method represents a significant improvement in simplicity over other methods, with only an insignificant degradation of accuracy. We use Galerkin's method, but expand the field of both fibres in terms of the same set of basis functions, leading to considerable simplicity: the overlap integral is simply the inner (dot) product of the eigenvectors. Integration is thus avoided. We assume that weakly guiding conditions prevail. RP GALLAWA, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0306-8919 J9 OPT QUANT ELECTRON JI Opt. Quantum Electron. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 3 BP S165 EP S172 DI 10.1007/BF00384670 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA ND765 UT WOS:A1994ND76500005 ER PT J AU ELLINGSON, R YANUK, D GRUBER, A MILLER, AJ AF ELLINGSON, R YANUK, D GRUBER, A MILLER, AJ TI DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF REMOTE-SENSING OF LONGWAVE COOLING FROM THE NOAA POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATION; SURFACE AB Satellite data have provided considerable information on the radiation budget at the top of the Earth-atmosphere system. However, in order to maximize the usefulness of these observations, it is necessary to know how the radiative heating and cooling are distributed within the atmosphere and between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. A technique has been developed to use radiance data from the High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) instrument flown on NOAA operational satellites to obtain estimates of the profile of longwave atmospheric cooling (LC) and the atmospheric emission to the Earth's surface (downward longwave radiation, DLR). Briefly, the DLR and LC are estimated from HIRS radiance observations using regression techniques on radiative transfer calculations. The technique requires the spectral radiance data from HIRS and the vertical distribution of cloud amount and cloud-base and cloud-top heights. Cloud information is not generally available concomitantly with the HIRS radiances, and the initial effort has focused on the development of clear sky models. Radiative cooling is calculated for four layers: surface to 700 mb, 700 to 500 mb, 500 to 240 mb, and 240 to 10 mb. Initially, a month-long data set was produced - 15 December 1990 through 15 January 1991 - for study and technique evaluation. Calculations were global on a 2.5-degrees by 2.5-degrees latitude-longitude grid. Monthly averages and five-day running means were produced. Comparisons were made to the National Meteorological Center (NMC) medium range forecast (MRF) model fields of LC and DLR. The agreement was generally within values expected from comparisons of calculations from the different models, especially for zonally averaged quantities. There were, however, significant differences over specific geographical areas (e.g., Africa and Australia). Analysis of these differences indicated where improvements were needed in the HIRs and the MRF techniques, resulting in an improved HIRs model for estimating clear sky DLR and LC. The clear-sky algorithms for the LC and outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere have been implemented as an experimental quasi-operational system for further evaluation. Twelve months of data (June 1992 through May 1993) have been processed to date, and the availability of the data were announced to the international climate community for use and evaluation beginning in January 1993. C1 USDA,NESDIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP ELLINGSON, R (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 60 IS 3 BP 307 EP 316 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NA959 UT WOS:A1994NA95900006 ER PT J AU SARMIENTO, JL BENDER, M AF SARMIENTO, JL BENDER, M TI CARBON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AND CLIMATE-CHANGE SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE CARBON BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; CLIMATE CHANGE; CARBON CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONTENT ID ICE-CORE RECORD; PAST 2 CENTURIES; FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WORLD OCEAN; DIOXIDE; MODEL; FRACTIONATION; TEMPERATURE; CONSTRAINTS AB The rapid increase of atmospheric CO2 resulting from anthropogenic activites has stimulated a great deal of interest in the carbon cycle. Important decisions need to be made about future tolerable levels of atmospheric CO2 content, as well as the land and fossil fuel use strategies that will permit us to achieve these goals. The vast amount of new data on atmospheric CO2 content and ancillary properties that has become available during the last decade, and the development of models to interpret these data, have led to significant advances in our capacity to deal with such issues. However, a major continuing source of uncertainty is the role of photosynthesis in providing a sink for anthropogenic emissions. It is thus appropriate that a new evaluation of the status of our understanding of this issue should be made at this time. The aim of this paper is to provide a setting for the papers that follow by giving an overview of the role of carbon dioxide in climate, the biogeochemical processes that control its distribution, and the evolution of carbon dioxide through time from the origin of the earth to the present. We begin with a discussion of relevant processes. We then proceed to a more detailed discussion of the time periods that are best documented: the late Pleistocene (during which time large continental ice sheets waxed and waned) and the modern era of anthropogenic impact on the carbon cycle. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL, GRAD SCH OCEANOG, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA. RP SARMIENTO, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NR 79 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 EI 1573-5079 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 209 EP 234 DI 10.1007/BF00014585 PG 26 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA NP930 UT WOS:A1994NP93000002 PM 24311123 ER PT J AU HASHIMOTO, T JINNAI, H HASEGAWA, H HAN, CC AF HASHIMOTO, T JINNAI, H HASEGAWA, H HAN, CC TI LATE-STAGE SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION IN BINARY CRITICAL FLUIDS - SCALING FUNCTION OBTAINED OVER A WIDE Q-SPACE OF 4 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE SO PHYSICA A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLING PROCESSES; SCALED STRUCTURE FACTOR; POLYMER BLENDS; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIQUID-MIXTURES; SCATTERING; FLUCTUATIONS; DYNAMICS; KINETICS; MODEL AB Space-time organization of the pattern in late stage spinodal decomposition was explored over an extremely wide q-space amounting to 4 orders of magnitude by a combined use of the time-resolved small-angle neutron and light scattering methods for a binary fluid mixture of perdeuterated polybutadiene and polyisoprene near the critical point. The scaled structure factor F(x) = S(q, t) q(m)(t)3 with x = q/q(m)(t) was explored in detail where S(q, t) is the scattering structure factor at time t as a function of magnitude of scattering vector q and q(m)(t) is the q value at the maximum of the structure factor at t. A dynamical evolution of the mean value of the absolute interface curvature H(t) was estimated from F(x, t) and was found to have a particular relationship with that of q(m)(t), i.e., H(t)/q(m)(t) congruent-to 2, both being controlled by the hydrodynamic interaction effect. The dynamical scaling law was found to be valid for the global feature of the pattern growth, i.e., F(x, t) at x < 2. However, this is not the case for the local feature, giving rise to ''extrinsic'' and ''intrinsic'' nonuniversalities in F(x, t) at x > 2. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HASHIMOTO, T (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,GRAD SCH ENGN,DIV POLYMER CHEM,KYOTO 60601,JAPAN. RI Jinnai, Hiroshi/F-8456-2014 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.1016/0378-4371(94)90430-8 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NB671 UT WOS:A1994NB67100018 ER PT J AU MAREZIO, M ANTIPOV, EV CAPPONI, JJ CHAILLOUT, C LOUREIRO, S PUTILIN, SN SANTORO, A THOLENCE, JL AF MAREZIO, M ANTIPOV, EV CAPPONI, JJ CHAILLOUT, C LOUREIRO, S PUTILIN, SN SANTORO, A THOLENCE, JL TI THE SUPERCONDUCTING HGBA2CAN-1CUNO2N+2+DELTA HOMOLOGOUS SERIES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON ID R = LA; OXIDES; ND; EU; GD AB Syntheses, heat-treatments, structures and the superconducting properties of the first four members of the homologous series HgBa2Can-1CunO2n+2+delta are presented and discussed. Syntheses under high pressure seem to yield samples which contain less than 5% impurities. The structural characterization has been carried out by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and neutron diffraction. Heat-treatments in oxidizing atmospheres usually increase T(c). The member with n = 2 does not follow this rule because the as-prepared sample (T(c) = 104 K) seems to be overdoped. Heat-treatment in N2 at 250-degrees-C for 10 h induces an increase in T(c) to 123 K. Additional heat treatment under N2 (400-degrees-C, 18 h) decreases T(c) to 110 K. In Hg-1212 superconductivity exists in underdoped and overdoped regions. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,119899 MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UJF,CNRS,CRTBT,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. RP MAREZIO, M (reprint author), UJF,CNRS,CRISTALLOG LAB,BP 166,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. RI Bougerol, Catherine/M-6980-2015; Antipov, Evgeny/A-4138-2014 OI Bougerol, Catherine/0000-0002-4823-0919; Antipov, Evgeny/0000-0002-8886-8829 NR 18 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD MAR PY 1994 VL 197 IS 1-4 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90258-5 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NG615 UT WOS:A1994NG61500070 ER PT J AU WUCHER, A BERTHOLD, W OECHSNER, H FRANZREB, K AF WUCHER, A BERTHOLD, W OECHSNER, H FRANZREB, K TI DETECTION OF SPUTTERED METASTABLE ATOMS BY AUTOIONIZATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; LASER-FLUORESCENCE; FE-ATOMS; ZR ATOMS; OXYGEN; ENERGY; EXCITATION; SURFACES; RH(100) AB We report on a scheme for the detection of sputter-generated metastable atoms that is based on the resonant excitation of an autoionizing state by single-photon absorption from a tunable laser. Using this technique, sputtered silver atoms ejected in the metastable 4d(9)5s2 2D5/2 state with an excitation energy of 3.75 eV have been detected. This represents the highest excitation energy of sputtered metastable atoms observed so far. C1 UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH PHYS,ERWIN SCHRODINGER ST,D-67663 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 2188 EP 2190 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.2188 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA NA920 UT WOS:A1994NA92000083 ER PT J AU MIYANO, KE EDERER, DL CALLCOTT, TA DONG, QY JIA, JJ ZHOU, L MUELLER, DR AF MIYANO, KE EDERER, DL CALLCOTT, TA DONG, QY JIA, JJ ZHOU, L MUELLER, DR TI PHOTON-EXCITED SOFT-X-RAY EMISSION FROM LIBR AND LICL - PHONON RELAXATION FOR LI K EXCITATIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 1S CORE EXCITON; ALKALI-HALIDES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; LITHIUM HALIDES; PHOTOEMISSION; ENERGIES; DIAMOND; STATE AB Li K soft-x-ray emission spectra excited with monochromatic synchrotron radiation have been measured for LiBr and LiCl. The white-light reflectivity of these samples has also been recorded as a measurement of the Li K excitation spectra. The phonon relaxations involved in Li K excitations to the conduction band were determined to be 1.0 and 1.2 eV in the LiBr and LiCl, respectively, based on the energies of the valence band maxima in the x-ray emission spectra and their comparison to the energies of the valence band maxima and the Li Is core levels as measured by photoemission. On the other hand, energy offsets between the Li K exciton features in the emission and the excitation spectra provided a measure of the phonon relaxations for these localized excitations: the relaxations were found to be 1.0 eV in both materials, similar to the values determined for excitations to the delocalized conduction band states. The energies of the x-ray-emission-based valence band maxima following excitation of the Li K exciton are influenced not only by this phonon relaxation but also by the necessity to promote the initially-excited electron into another level when the valence electron recombines with the hole. The measured promotion energies are compared to the experimentally determined core-exciton binding energies. C1 TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 9 BP 5929 EP 5941 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.5929 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NA802 UT WOS:A1994NA80200016 ER PT J AU ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R AF ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R TI DISLOCATION CORE-CORE INTERACTION AND PEIERLS STRESS IN A MODEL HEXAGONAL LATTICE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METALS; NUCLEATION; BEHAVIOR; DUCTILE AB A series of atomistic calculations is performed in order to explore dislocation core-core interactions and the Peierls stress in a model hexagonal lattice. The method of calculation is the lattice Green's function method, using several pair potentials with variable parameters. We confirm that dislocation cores broaden as a pair of dislocations with opposite sign move closer to each other. Continuum theories are surprisingly accurate in describing the dislocation-dislocation interaction force even in the range of strong core-core overlap. However, our atomistic calculations show that while the relation between the Peierls stress and dislocation width is exponential as the Parleys-Nabarro mode predicts, that model underestimates the Parleys stress by nearly a factor of 10(4). C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 10 BP 6451 EP 6456 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.6451 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB507 UT WOS:A1994NB50700001 ER PT J AU RETZLAFF, GA CAPLAN, HS HALLIN, EL SKOPIK, DM BECK, D BLOMQVIST, KI DODSON, G DOW, K FARKHONDEH, M FLANZ, J KOWALSKI, S SAPP, WW SARGENT, CP TIEGER, D TURCHINETZ, W WILLIAMSON, CF DODGE, W MARUYAMA, XK LIGHTBODY, JW GOLOSKIE, R MCCARTHY, J UENG, TS WHITNEY, RR QUINN, B DYTMAN, S VONREDEN, K SCHIAVILLA, R TJON, JA AF RETZLAFF, GA CAPLAN, HS HALLIN, EL SKOPIK, DM BECK, D BLOMQVIST, KI DODSON, G DOW, K FARKHONDEH, M FLANZ, J KOWALSKI, S SAPP, WW SARGENT, CP TIEGER, D TURCHINETZ, W WILLIAMSON, CF DODGE, W MARUYAMA, XK LIGHTBODY, JW GOLOSKIE, R MCCARTHY, J UENG, TS WHITNEY, RR QUINN, B DYTMAN, S VONREDEN, K SCHIAVILLA, R TJON, JA TI THRESHOLD ELECTRODISINTEGRATION IN THE A = 3 SYSTEM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL RESPONSE; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; 3-BODY NUCLEI; HE-3 AB Inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross sections for H-3 and He-3 were measured for excitation energies below 18 MeV. Longitudinal and transverse response functions were determined from these cross sections for six values of the three-momentum transfer q in the range 0.88 < q < 2.87 fm-1. A previously observed C0 multipole enhancement near threshold in the two-body channel for He-3 is confirmed but is not observed for H-3. The experimental data are found to be in good agreement with two recent calculations of the longitudinal and transverse response functions. The first uses variational ground-state wave functions and the orthogonal correlated states method to describe the two- and three-body breakup channels. The second uses bound and continuum Faddeev wave functions obtained for a simple central potential. Agreement with the data is good for the first model and better for the second. The inclusion of final-state interactions (FSI) in the Faddeev continuum is found to be very important in these threshold breakup kinematic; in many cases inclusion of FSI changes the response functions by factors of two or three giving excellent agreement with the data. The transverse response functions are well reproduce, even though neither model includes meson exchange currents. Ratios of the response functions for the two nuclei are also well described. C1 MIT,BATES LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MIT,NUCL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. WORCESTER POLYTECH INST,DEPT PHYS,WORCESTER,MA 01601. UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT PHYS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22901. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT PHYS,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. INST NAZL FIS NUCL,LECCE,ITALY. UNIV UTRECHT,INST NUCL PHYS,3508 TA UTRECHT,NETHERLANDS. RP RETZLAFF, GA (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,SASKATCHEWAN ACCELERATOR LAB,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. RI Quinn, Brian/N-7343-2014; OI Quinn, Brian/0000-0003-2800-986X; von Reden, Karl/0000-0001-6413-9018 NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1263 EP 1271 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.49.1263 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA NB793 UT WOS:A1994NB79300008 ER PT J AU KHOLODENKO, AL BEARDEN, DW DOUGLAS, JF AF KHOLODENKO, AL BEARDEN, DW DOUGLAS, JF TI INFLUENCE OF SURFACE INTERACTION AND CHAIN STIFFNESS ON POLYMER-INDUCED ENTROPIC FORCES AND THE DIMENSIONS OF CONFINED POLYMERS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FERMI-BOSE TRANSMUTATION; SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMERS; EXCLUDED VOLUME; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; FLEXIBLE POLYMERS; CONFORMATIONAL STATISTICS; DIRAC PROPAGATOR; MONTE-CARLO; TRANSITION; ADSORPTION AB The theories of Dolan and Edwards [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 337, 509 (1974)] and Eisenriegler et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 77, 6296 (1982)] for Gaussian chains confined between parallel plates and to a half-space are generalized to chains having arbitrary stiffness. The generalized theory exploits a recently discovered relation between semiflexible polymers and Euclidean-type Dirac fermions in which ''flexible'' and ''stiff'' polymers correspond to the nonrelativistic (massive) and relativistic (massless) limits of the Dirac propagator, respectively. We show that half-space and parallel-plate problems are interrelated and this allows for a simplified and unified treatment of confined semiflexible polymers. The properties of confined semiflexible chains exhibit a complicated dependence on the polymer-surface interaction and chain stiffness. Results for polymer dimensions and entropic Casimir-like forces between plates are consistent with those obtained previously for flexible chains and corresponding results are obtained for semiflexible polymers. The new results for the forces between plates, having a semiflexible polymer in the gap, exhibit qualitative agreement with experimental data on confined chains at nonvanishing concentrations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP CLEMSON UNIV, HL HUNTER LABS 375, CLEMSON, SC 29634 USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 2206 EP 2224 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.49.2206 PG 19 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA NC465 UT WOS:A1994NC46500055 ER PT J AU BURKHART, GR DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW AF BURKHART, GR DUSENBERY, PB SPEISER, TW TI PHYSICS OF THE MAGNETOTAIL CURRENT SHEET - COMMENT SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Note ID PARTICLE C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BURKHART, GR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT APAS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD MAR PY 1994 VL 1 IS 3 BP 801 EP 802 DI 10.1063/1.870776 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA ND880 UT WOS:A1994ND88000042 ER PT J AU PATTERSON, GW TSITSATSARDIS, E WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK CHITWOOD, DJ HARRISON, D AF PATTERSON, GW TSITSATSARDIS, E WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK CHITWOOD, DJ HARRISON, D TI STEROLS AND ALKENONES OF ISOCHRYSIS SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ISOCHRYSIS; PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE; BRASSICASTEROL; CHOLESTEROL; STEROLS; ALKENONES; DELTA(5)-STEROLS; DIHYDROXYSTEROLS; EPIBRASSICASTEROL; CHEMICAL TAXONOMY ID OSTREA-EDULIS L; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRYMNESIOPHYTE; MICROALGAE; GALBANA; OYSTERS; PAVLOVA; ACID AB Sterols were identified and quantified in six marine microalgal strains identified as belonging to the prymnesiophyte genus Isochrysis; several of these strains are in wide use in the commerical mariculture industry. One strain contained only cholesterol, and another contained a complex mixture of Delta(5)-sterols and dihydroxysterols. Two strains contained brassicasterol and two others contained epibrassicasterol as the principal sterol. The strains containing brassicasterol or epibrassicasterol also contained long chain alkenones characteristic of some members of the Prymnesiophyceae; whereas, those without brassicasterol or epibrassicasterol contained no long chain alkenones. These qualitative biochemical differences appear to have taxonomic significance and may be important in the value of these algae as live feeds for rearing marine invertebrates. C1 UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GREECE. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NOAA,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460. LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. US AGR RES SERV,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA,INSECT HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1233 EP 1236 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94826-X PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA NG089 UT WOS:A1994NG08900022 ER PT J AU CLIFFORD, SF KAIMAL, JC LATAITIS, RJ STRAUCH, RG AF CLIFFORD, SF KAIMAL, JC LATAITIS, RJ STRAUCH, RG TI GROUND-BASED REMOTE PROFILING IN ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES - AN OVERVIEW SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RAYLEIGH LIDAR; ROTATIONAL RAMAN LIDAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SPACED-ANTENNA; WIND PROFILER; WATER-VAPOR; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; VHF RADAR; TROPOSPHERIC VELOCITIES AB Over the last 25 years, ground-based remote profiling has found increasing applications in atmospheric studies where its high vertical and temporal resolution and extended vertical coverage are giving scientists a clearer understanding of atmospheric processes in the troposphere. In this paper we describe the current status of techniques for vertical profiling of mean wind speeds, temperature, and humidity, and discuss options for combining them. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP CLIFFORD, SF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 226 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAR PY 1994 VL 82 IS 3 BP 313 EP 355 DI 10.1109/5.272138 PG 43 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA NE485 UT WOS:A1994NE48500002 ER PT J AU HIROTA, E BROWN, JM HOUGEN, JT SHIDA, T HIROTA, N AF HIROTA, E BROWN, JM HOUGEN, JT SHIDA, T HIROTA, N TI SYMBOLS FOR FINE AND HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE PARAMETERS SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Thermodynamics of Solutions and Biological Systems CY JAN 03-06, 1993 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, PHYS CHEM DIV, INDIAN NATL SCI ACAD, INDIAN INST TECHNOL, NEW DELHI & PANJAB UNIV AB The symbols for fine and hyperfine structure parameters are standardized in order to eliminate confusion and misunderstanding caused by various uses of expressions for these parameters. Only those parameters for which the symbols are quite well established and widely accepted are considered. Because the parameters appear with the associated operators in the Hamiltonian, the symbols are listed with the operators. Although much of the discussion is appropriate for molecules in the gas phase only, reference is also made to the symbols used in electron spin or electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in the condensed phase, where possible. Two types of molecules are considered separately: linear and nonlinear molecules. The parameters listed include the spin-orbit interaction, the spin-rotation coupling, the spin-spin coupling, the LAMBDA-type doubling, the electron orbital/nuclear spin coupling, the Fermi contact interaction, the electron spin/nuclear spin dipole-dipole coupling, the nuclear electric quadrupole coupling, and the nuclear spin-rotation coupling parameters and also their centrifugal correction terms, wherever appropriate. C1 INST MOLEC SCI,OKAZAKI,AICHI 444,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC SPECTROSCOPY,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV OXFORD,PHYS CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND. KYOTO UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT CHEM,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RP HIROTA, E (reprint author), GRAD UNIV ADV STUDIES,4259 NAGATSUGTA,YOKOHAMA 227,JAPAN. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1351/pac199466030571 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA NL198 UT WOS:A1994NL19800031 ER PT J AU CLARK, JB HASTIE, JW KIHLBORG, LHE METSELAAR, R THACKERAY, MM AF CLARK, JB HASTIE, JW KIHLBORG, LHE METSELAAR, R THACKERAY, MM TI DEFINITIONS OF TERMS RELATING TO PHASE-TRANSITIONS OF THE SOLID-STATE SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Thermodynamics of Solutions and Biological Systems CY JAN 03-06, 1993 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, PHYS CHEM DIV, INDIAN NATL SCI ACAD, INDIAN INST TECHNOL, NEW DELHI & PANJAB UNIV AB This document provides definitions of phase transitions that relate specifically to the solid state. Various types of transition have been defined; they include: (i) structural transitions of the solid state, (ii) transitions related to the change in the state of matter, that is, from a solid phase to either a liquid or gaseous phase, or vice-versa (iii) transitions related to changes in composition, (iv) metallurgical transitions, (v) transitions related to changes in the electronic structures of crystals, (vi) transitions that change thermodynamic properties or the disorder of a system, and (vii) liquid-crystal transitions. C1 CSIR,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,PRETORIA 0001,SOUTH AFRICA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV STOCKHOLM,ARRHENIUS LAB,S-10691 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. TECH UNIV EINDHOVEN,FYS CHEM LAB,5600 MB EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 577 EP 594 DI 10.1351/pac199466030577 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA NL198 UT WOS:A1994NL19800032 ER PT J AU CURRIE, LA SVEHLA, G AF CURRIE, LA SVEHLA, G TI NOMENCLATURE FOR THE PRESENTATION OF RESULTS OF CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Reporting of the data resulting from chemical analysis constitutes the critical, final stage of the analytical process. This document has been prepared with the objective of presenting nomenclature which is both statistically and chemically appropriate to this process. The terminology and formulation have been drawn in part from ISO Standard ISO 3534 [''Statistics -Vocabulary and Symbols''] as well as other references cited at the end of this document. The scope of the document encompasses three primary topics: (1) general terminology relating to the precision and accuracy of experimental results; (2) descriptive statistics appropriate for univariate analysis of chemical measurements, such as various measures of central value and dispersion, and formulae for calculating confidence intervals; (3) quantities employed in the estimation and application of linear calibration functions. The third topic depends on the first two for its logical development; and it provides terminology and expressions suitable for the reporting of calibration function parameters and their uncertainties, plus estimates and confidence intervals for both dependent and independent variables. C1 NATL UNIV IRELAND UNIV COLL CORK, DEPT CHEM, CORK, IRELAND. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 6 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 595 EP 608 DI 10.1351/pac199466030595 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA NL198 UT WOS:A1994NL19800033 ER PT J AU DURST, RA DAVISON, W KOCH, WF AF DURST, RA DAVISON, W KOCH, WF TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE ELECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE PH OF ATMOSPHERIC WET DEPOSITION (ACID-RAIN) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Thermodynamics of Solutions and Biological Systems CY JAN 03-06, 1993 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP INT UNION PURE & APPL CHEM, PHYS CHEM DIV, INDIAN NATL SCI ACAD, INDIAN INST TECHNOL, NEW DELHI & PANJAB UNIV ID IONIC-STRENGTH SOLUTIONS; FRESH WATERS; PRECIPITATION; ELECTRODES; SAMPLES AB International studies to ascertain the extent of the environmental problems associated with the pH of atmospheric wet deposition (acid rain) are ongoing. Unfortunately, the measurement of pH in unbuffered, low ionic strength solutions, such as wet deposition, is prone to a variety of experimental difficulties which can compromise the validity of the data. Consequently, it is essential that all investigators use measurement procedures that are consistent and reproducible. This document provides recommendations on all aspects of the analytical process, including collection, handling and analysis of acid rain samples, to assure the quality and comparability of the resulting pH data. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV LANCASTER,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,LANCASTER LA1 4YQ,ENGLAND. RP DURST, RA (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,ANALYT CHEM LABS,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. RI Davison, William/A-4901-2009 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 66 IS 3 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1351/pac199466030649 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA NL198 UT WOS:A1994NL19800037 ER PT J AU STAUDENMANN, JL ZOTTERMAN, WL COOK, DW OGATA, CM HENDRICKSON, WA AF STAUDENMANN, JL ZOTTERMAN, WL COOK, DW OGATA, CM HENDRICKSON, WA TI THE HOWARD-HUGHES-MEDICAL-INSTITUTE CASSETTE FOR STORAGE PHOSPHOR PLATES SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB New-cassettes for 201 mm x 252 mm (8'' x 10'') and 201 mm x 400 mm (8'' x 15.75'') storage phosphor plates have been developed at the Synchrotron Resource of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The purpose for this work was mainly twofold. Firstly, to diminish the number of manual operations when putting the storage phosphor plate into the cassette or when extracting it from the cassette. Secondly, to render such a cassette much lighter than the former metal cassette previously in use. These two goals were achieved by making new cassettes that are operated as one piece instead of two or three independent parts as with the former systems. The cassettes have been extensively tested and found to be very useful. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM METROL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP STAUDENMANN, JL (reprint author), HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NSLS-X4,BLDG 725,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 65 IS 3 BP 608 EP 611 DI 10.1063/1.1145125 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA NA930 UT WOS:A1994NA93000009 ER PT J AU LUMIA, R AF LUMIA, R TI USING NASREM FOR REAL-TIME SENSORY INTERACTIVE ROBOT CONTROL SO ROBOTICA LA English DT Article DE ROBOT CONTROL; TELEROBOTIC DEVICE; NASREM; SPACE STATION AB The Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) is a robotic device which will be used to build and maintain Space Station Freedom. The FTS is expected to evolve from its initial capability of teleoperation toward greater autonomy by taking advantage of advances in technology as they become available. In order to support this evolution, NASA has chosen the NASA/NIST Standard Reference model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM) as the FTS functional architecture. As a result of the definition of generic interfaces in NASREM, the system can be modified without major impact. Consequently, different approaches to solve a problem can be tested easily. This paper describes the implementation of NASREM in the NIST laboratory. The approach is to build a flexible testbed to enhance research in robot control, computer vision, and related areas. To illustrate the real-time aspects of the implementation, a sensory interactive motion control experiment will be described. RP LUMIA, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROBOT SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0263-5747 J9 ROBOTICA JI Robotica PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 12 BP 127 EP 135 PN 2 PG 9 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA NB521 UT WOS:A1994NB52100005 ER PT J AU MILBURN, HB AF MILBURN, HB TI NAVIGATION ENHANCEMENT FOR DEEP ROV SCIENTIFIC OPERATIONS SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article RP MILBURN, HB (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,DIV ENGN DEV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBL INC PI ARLINGTON PA SUITE 1000 1117 N 19 ST, ARLINGTON, VA 22209 SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA NK279 UT WOS:A1994NK27900012 ER PT J AU BORNMANN, PL SHAW, D AF BORNMANN, PL SHAW, D TI FLARE RATES AND THE MCINTOSH ACTIVE-REGION CLASSIFICATIONS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; RESOLUTION AB Multiple linear regression analysis was used to derive the effective solar flare contributions of each of the McIntosh classification parameters. The best fits to the combined average number of M- and X-class X-ray flares per day were found when the flare contributions were assumed to be multiplicative rather than additive. This suggests that nonlinear processes may amplify the effects of the following different active-region properties encoded in the Mclntosh classifications: the length of the sunspot group, the size and shape of the largest spot, and the distribution of spots within the group. Since many of these active-region properties are correlated with magnetic field strengths and fluxes, we suggest that the derived correlations reflect a more fundamental relationship between flare production and the magnetic properties of the region. The derived flare contributions for the individual Mclntosh parameters can be used to derive a flare rate for each of the three-parameter Mclntosh classes. These derived flare rates can be interpreted as smoothed values that may provide better estimates of an active region's expected flare rate when rare classes are reported or when the multiple observing sites report slightly different classifications. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT COGNIT PSYCHOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BORNMANN, PL (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 146 DI 10.1007/BF00712882 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NF002 UT WOS:A1994NF00200010 ER PT J AU BORNMANN, PL KALMBACH, D KULHANEK, D AF BORNMANN, PL KALMBACH, D KULHANEK, D TI MCINTOSH ACTIVE-REGION CLASS SIMILARITIES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR MERGERS SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Mclntosh active-region classifications reported during a five-year period were examined to determine similarities among the classes. Two methods were used extensively to determine these similarities. The number of transitions among classes were used to determine the most frequent transitions out of each class, and the alternative classes reported for the same region by different sites were used to establish which classes were neighboring classes. These transition frequencies and neighboring classes were used to identify classes that could be eliminated or merged with other classes. Class similarities were used to investigate the relative importance of several pairs of decisions that occur within a single Mclntosh parameter. In particular, the redundancy of parameters in some classes was examined, and the class similarities were used to identify which of these parameters could be eliminated. Infrequently reported classes were also considered, and suggestions for mergers were made when similarities between classes could be identified. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT COMP SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BORNMANN, PL (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 150 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 164 DI 10.1007/BF00712883 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA NF002 UT WOS:A1994NF00200011 ER PT J AU ADLER, S RUSSEK, S REIMER, J FENDORF, M STACY, A HUANG, QZ SANTORO, A LYNN, J BALTISBERGER, J WERNER, U AF ADLER, S RUSSEK, S REIMER, J FENDORF, M STACY, A HUANG, QZ SANTORO, A LYNN, J BALTISBERGER, J WERNER, U TI LOCAL-STRUCTURE AND OXIDE-ION MOTION IN DEFECTIVE PEROVSKITES SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-DOPED CERIA; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; O-17; CONDUCTIVITY AB Macroscopic thermodynamic and transport properties of disordered materials are determined largely by their local structure, which may differ substantially from long-range crystalline symmetry. In order to better understand local structure and ionic motion in highly disordered perovskite oxides, we have investigated several cubic perovskites using high-temperature oxygen-17 NMR in conjunction with other experimental techniques. Materials we have studied include Ba (In0.67Zr0.33)Oy, Ba(In0.67Ce0.33)Oy (La0.5Ba0.5) (Co0.7Cu0.3Oy, and (La0.6Sr0.4) (Co0.8Cu0.2)Oy. We show that despite having long-range cubic symmetry as determined by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, these materials possess microdomains with layered structures on a short length scale (50-500 angstrom). These microdomains are apparent in HRTEM images of these materials, and manifest themselves as unit cell doublings in the electron diffraction patterns. Neutron powder profile refinements and oxygen-17 DAS NMR both suggest that oxygen nuclei are displaced from sites of cubic symmetry in a manner reminiscent of layered perovskite-related structures. As is the case with known layered materials, the high temperature oxygen-17 spectra and relaxation measurements show that few oxygen atoms are mobile below 800-degrees-C due to trapping of oxygen-ion vacancies in ordered layers. In the case of (La0.6Sr0.4)(Co0.8Cu0.2)Oy, estimates of the vacancy trapping energy and the vacancy migration energy, extracted from NMR, appear to rationalize macroscopic transport measurements. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 68 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0167-2738(94)90177-5 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA NT660 UT WOS:A1994NT66000004 ER PT J AU SCACE, RI AF SCACE, RI TI METROLOGY - WHAT NEXT SO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Semiconductor manufacturing is evolving from an empirical art into an industry based on physical understanding and real-time process control. To reach that goal, the industry needs better measurements and a stronger base of fundamental knowledge for each process. This requires measurement tools that may not presently exist in suitable form. In addition, smaller geometries and more-complex designs place demands on metrology that cannot be met solely by refinements of today's technology. The need for better measurements and the challenge to provide them are substantial. (For comprehensive discussion of these needs, see [1].) This article addresses the evolutionary changes occurring and their metrological consequences. RP SCACE, RI (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF MICROELECTR PROGRAMS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY OFFICE PI NASHUA PA TEN TARA BLVD 5TH FLOOR, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 SN 0038-111X J9 SOLID STATE TECHNOL JI Solid State Technol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 37 IS 3 BP 43 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA NB698 UT WOS:A1994NB69800004 ER PT J AU VERHEYE, HM HUTCHINGS, L HUGGETT, JA CARTER, RA PETERSON, WT PAINTING, SJ AF VERHEYE, HM HUTCHINGS, L HUGGETT, JA CARTER, RA PETERSON, WT PAINTING, SJ TI COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, DISTRIBUTION AND TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF ZOOPLANKTON ON THE AGULHAS-BANK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COPEPODS SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-CAPENSIS; SOUTHERN BENGUELA; SECONDARY PRODUCTION; SIZE; FOOD; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOSYSTEM; BIOMASS; AFRICA; GROWTH AB The mesozooplankton of the western Agulhas Bank is largely an extension of the west-coast upwelling community, whereas one copepod species, Calanus agulhensis, dominates the eastern Bank community, comprising up to 85% of the copepod biomass. Large populations of this copepod appear to be maintained on the eastern Bank, particularly during spring and early summer, in association with a subsurface ridge of upwelled water. This copepod appears to utilize efficiently the small cells which dominate the phytoplankton assemblage on the Agulhas Bank. Copepods may consume up to 50% of daily primary production. A low food-chain efficiency of < 3% suggests that a large portion of the primary production moves through microheterotrophs. A variety of commercially exploited fish and other planktivores, including invertebrates, compete for copepods as their primary food source. However, considerable research remains to be done to quantify the apportionment of copepods among their predators, and the effects of predation on copepod dynamics. C1 CSIR,DIV EARTH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI & TECHNOL,STELLENBOSCH 7600,SOUTH AFRICA. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP VERHEYE, HM (reprint author), SEA FISHERIES RES INST,PRIVATE BAG X2,ROGGE BAY 8012,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 61 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU BUREAU SCIENTIFIC PUBL PI PRETORIA PA P O BOX 1758, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0038-2353 J9 S AFR J SCI JI S. Afr. J. Sci. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 90 IS 3 BP 154 EP 165 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NH617 UT WOS:A1994NH61700010 ER PT J AU SALOMAN, EB AF SALOMAN, EB TI A RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY RESONANCE IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA SERVICE .5. DATA SHEETS FOR GA, MN, SC AND TL SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; THALLIUM ISOTOPES; ATOMS; GALLIUM; PHOTOIONIZATION; RADIATION; LIFETIMES; SHIFT; BEAM AB A data service has been established at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the necessary information to apply the techniques of resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) and resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) to routine use in analytical chemistry. This service collects and calculates the relevant atomic data, chooses appropriate resonance ionization schemes, and indicates pertinent operating details of successful RIMS studies. The first group of data sheets was published previously covering the elements As, B, Cd, C, Ge, Au, Fe, Pb, Si and Zn, The second group published covered the elements Al, Ca, Cs, Cr, Co, Cu, Kr, Mg, Hg and Ni. The third group published covered the elements Sb, Bi, P, Na and Sn. The fourth group published covered the elements Be, In, Li, K, Rb, Ag, Ti and V. The fifth group of data sheets is presented here. It covers the elements Ga, Mn, Sc and Tl. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 251 EP 281 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(94)80023-5 PG 31 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA NC204 UT WOS:A1994NC20400004 ER PT J AU TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR AF TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR TI CALCULATIONS OF ELECTRON INELASTIC MEAN FREE PATHS .5. DATA FOR 14 ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS OVER THE 50-2000 EV RANGE SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; BEAM RESIST POLY(BUTENE-1-SULFONE); OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION; CONDENSED MATTER; POLYSTYRENE; DEPENDENCE; SCATTERING; ARACHIDATE; LENGTHS AB We report calculations of electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) of 50-2000 eV electrons for a group of 14 organic compounds: 26-n-paraffin, adenine, beta-carotene, bovine plasma albumin, deoxyribonucleic acid, diphenylhexatriene, guanine, kapton, polyacetylene, poly(butene-1-sulfone), polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene and poly(2-vinylpyridine). The computed IMFPs for these compounds showed greater similarities in magnitude and in the dependences on electron energy than was found in our previous calculations for groups of elements and inorganic compounds (Papers II and III in this series). Comparison of the IMFPs for the organic compounds with values obtained from our predictive IMFP formula TPP-2 showed systematic differences of approximately 40%. These differences are due to the extrapolation of TPP-2 from the regime of mainly high-density elements (from which it bad been developed and tested) to the low-density materials such as the organic compounds. We analyzed the IMFP data for the groups of elements and organic compounds together and derived a modified empirical expression for one of the parameters in our predictive IMFP equation. The modified equation, denoted TPP-2M, is believed to be satisfactory for estimating IMFPs in elements, inorganic compounds and organic compounds. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TANUMA, S (reprint author), NIPPON MIN CO LTD,ANAL RES CTR,3-17-35 NIIZO MINAMI,TODA,SAITAMA 335,JAPAN. RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 35 TC 1204 Z9 1209 U1 14 U2 111 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1002/sia.740210302 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NH006 UT WOS:A1994NH00600001 ER PT J AU ARKOOSH, MR CLEMONS, E CASILLAS, E AF ARKOOSH, MR CLEMONS, E CASILLAS, E TI PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSE OF ENGLISH SOLE SPLENIC LEUKOCYTES TO MITOGENS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL CATFISH LYMPHOCYTES; TEMPERATURE-MEDIATED PROCESSES; RAINBOW-TROUT; PUGET-SOUND; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; TELEOST IMMUNITY; FISH; INVITRO; HETEROGENEITY; WASHINGTON AB The mitogenic response and mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) were studied to determine the ability of a benthic marine fish, English sole Pleuronectes vetulus, to produce leukoproliferative (LP) responses. The mitogenic response of English sole leukocytes was assessed for a variety of mitogens. In vitro culture conditions for English sole leukocytes that would maintain cellular viability and allow leukocytes to proliferate were initially determined with an undefined medium. Factors that were varied to create an effective mitogen assay included mitogen type (pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide), mitogen concentrations, incubation time and temperature, medium supplementation, and number of leukocytes per culture. A leukocyte concentration of 1 x 10(7) leukocytes/mL provided for the greatest proliferation; cell concentrations above or below this level resulted in less proliferation. A higher degree of proliferation occurred when the leukocytes were incubated with fetal calf serum than with heat-inactivated autologous plasma. It was confirmed that leukocytes were responsible for proliferation of the splenic whole-cell population in response to mitogens. Pokeweed mitogen and lipopolysaccharide were able to stimulate English sole leukocytes to proliferate at 17-degrees-C. However, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were generally unable to induce cellular proliferation. The ability of pooled leukocytes to produce a tridirectional MLR was also examined once effective culture conditions were determined via the mitogen assay. Mixed leukocyte reactions were negative or borderline positive when leukocytes from three English soles were cultured. RP ARKOOSH, MR (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 123 IS 2 BP 230 EP 241 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0230:PROESS>2.3.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA NA850 UT WOS:A1994NA85000011 ER PT J AU VSEVOLODOV, NN DYUKOVA, TV AF VSEVOLODOV, NN DYUKOVA, TV TI RETINAL-PROTEIN COMPLEXES AS OPTOELECTRONIC COMPONENTS SO TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIORHODOPSIN; HALOBACTERIA; GENERATION; PHOTOCYCLE; MEMBRANE; SHIFT; BAND AB Naturally occurring retinal-protein complexes (RPCs) have recently received much attention with regard to their potential use as light-sensitive elements for optical recording. The best-known RPC is bacteriorhodopsin (BR), a photosensitive protein from the membrane of extreme halophilic bacteria, which has been studied in great detail. The remarkably robust nature of BR, coupled with its ability to reversibly change color upon illumination and its high cyclicity of ground-to-photoinduced state transitions, makes BR a promising material for optical information processing. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST THEORET & EXPTL BIOPHYS,PUSHCHINO 142292,RUSSIA. RP VSEVOLODOV, NN (reprint author), NIST,A353-222,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0167-7799 J9 TRENDS BIOTECHNOL JI Trends Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 12 IS 3 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0167-7799(94)90110-4 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA NG290 UT WOS:A1994NG29000005 PM 7764828 ER PT J AU POWELL, CJ AF POWELL, CJ TI DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY FOR SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION SO VIDE-SCIENCE TECHNIQUE ET APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON COINCIDENCE SPECTROSCOPY; RAY-EXCITED AUGER; MEAN FREE PATHS; SUDDEN APPROXIMATION; SPECTRA; CU; AES; CO; DENSITY; SILVER RP POWELL, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC FRANCAISE DU VID PI PARIS PA 19 RUE DU RENARD, 75004 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1266-0167 J9 VIDE JI Vide-Sci. Techn. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 50 IS 271 BP 127 EP 140 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA NQ704 UT WOS:A1994NQ70400005 ER PT J AU CROLEY, TE ASSEL, RA AF CROLEY, TE ASSEL, RA TI A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ICE THERMODYNAMICS MODEL FOR THE LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; COVER; EVAPORATION AB Great Lakes hydrologic research requires the use of continuous-simulation daily ice cover models over long time periods in the absence of field observations. They must be physically based, rather than statistically based, for use under conditions different than those under which they were derived. But they also must match existing conditions for which data exist. A review discloses that existing ice dynamics models do not meet all of these criteria; a new one that does is based here on a prismatic ice pack heat balance, ice growth and temperature constraints, and thermodynamic flux terms from companion water heat balance and storage equations. The prismatic ice model is a good first step to understanding complex geometries and is supportable through the use of lake-averaged energy fluxes. The ice model is integrated into an existing lake thermodynamics and one-dimensional heat storage model, and the resulting combination is calibrated for Laurentian Great Lakes applications. Simulation experiments are used to analyze the model's strengths and limitations and to explore its relevance. Comparisons between model output and existing data allow consideration of the ice climatology of the Great Lakes; the climatology description is extended through use of the new model. Promising potential model extensions include spatial extension, additional parameterizations for wind-ice movement, snow, and albedo, and inclusions of remotely sensed data. RP CROLEY, TE (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. RI Jasechko, Scott/I-5034-2012 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 625 EP 639 DI 10.1029/93WR03415 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NA853 UT WOS:A1994NA85300004 ER PT J AU SCANLON, BR MILLY, PCD AF SCANLON, BR MILLY, PCD TI WATER AND HEAT FLUXES IN DESERT SOILS .2. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; MOISTURE; MODELS AB Transient one-dimensional fluxes of soil water (liquid and vapor) and heat in response to 1 year of atmospheric forcing were simulated numerically for a site in the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas. The model was initialized and evaluated using the monitoring data presented in a companion paper (Scanlon, this issue). Soil hydraulic and thermal properties were estimated a priori from a combination of laboratory measurements, models, and other published information. In the first simulation, the main drying curves were used to describe soil water retention, and hysteresis was ignored. Remarkable consistency was found between computed and measured water potentials and temperatures. Attenuation and phase shift of the seasonal cycle of water potentials below the shallow subsurface active zone (0.0- to 0.3-m depth) were similar to those of temperatures, suggesting that water potential fluctuations were driven primarily by temperature changes. Water fluxes in the upper 0.3 m of soil were dominated by downward and upward liquid fluxes that resulted from infiltration of rain and subsequent evaporation from the surface. Upward flux was vapor dominated only in the top several millimeters of the soil during periods of evaporation. Below a depth of 0.3 m, water fluxes varied slowly and were dominated by downward thermal vapor flux that decreased with depth, causing a net accumulation of water. In a second simulation, nonhysteretic water retention was instead described by the estimated main wetting curves; the resulting differences in fluxes were attributed to lower initial water contents (given fixed initial water potential) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities that were lower than they were in the first simulation. Below a depth of 0.3 m, the thermal vapor fluxes dominated and were similar to those in the first simulation. Two other simulations were performed, differing from the first only in the prescription of different (wetter) initial water potentials. These three simulations yielded identical solutions in the upper 0.2 m of soil after infiltration of summer rain; however, the various initial water potentials were preserved throughout the year at depths greater than 0.2 m. Comparison of all four simulations showed that the predominantly upward liquid fluxes below a depth of 0.2 m were very sensitive to the differences in water retention functions and initial water potentials among simulations, because these factors strongly affected hydraulic conductivities. Comparison of numerical modeling results with chemical tracer data showed that values of downward vapor flux below the surface evaporation zone were of the same order of magnitude as those previously estimated by analysis of depth distributions of bomb H-3 (volatile) and bomb Cl-36 (nonvolatile). C1 US GEOL SURVEY,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP SCANLON, BR (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,BUR ECON GEOL,UNIV STN,BOX X,AUSTIN,TX 78713, USA. RI Scanlon, Bridget/A-3105-2009 OI Scanlon, Bridget/0000-0002-1234-4199 NR 31 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 3 BP 721 EP 733 DI 10.1029/93WR03252 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA NA853 UT WOS:A1994NA85300013 ER PT J AU WEAVER, JF PURDOM, JFW SZOKE, EJ AF WEAVER, JF PURDOM, JFW SZOKE, EJ TI SOME MESOSCALE ASPECTS OF THE 6 JUNE 1990 LIMON, COLORADO, TORNADO CASE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB During the late afternoon and early evening of 6 June 1990, a series of severe thunderstorms produced nine tornadoes and numerous incidents of large hail on the High Plains of eastern Colorado. While the morning synoptic data clearly indicated a severe threat over the entire eastern half of the state, the severe activity that did occur was much more localized. Significant events were confined to a relatively small geographical region east and southeast of Denver, Colorado, including the small town of Limon some 70 miles to its southeast. Satellite, radar, surface, and upper-air data are combined in this paper to study some of the mesoscale aspects of the severe storm environment. Results show that thunderstorm outflow from a large mesoscale convective system in Kansas and Nebraska played a crucial role in focusing the severe activity in eastern Colorado. Also, the evolution of convective development during the early part of the day suggested the presence of a sharp moisture gradient along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, which further helped to localize the outbreak. Finally, interactions between individual storms appear to have been critical to severe storm evolution. RP WEAVER, JF (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,NOAA,NESDIS,RAMM BRANCH,CIRA,W LAPORTE AVE,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. RI Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015 OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0045:SMAOTJ>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL523 UT WOS:A1994QL52300003 ER PT J AU BARNES, SL COLMAN, BR AF BARNES, SL COLMAN, BR TI DIAGNOSING AN OPERATIONAL NUMERICAL-MODEL USING Q-VECTOR AND POTENTIAL VORTICITY CONCEPTS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A quasigeostrophic (QG) diagnostic model is used to evaluate the nested grid model's (NGM) predictions for a December cyclone whose impact on northeastern Colorado was underpredicted. Although the NGM predicted deepening of the associated 500-mb low, the model was 12 h slow in the onset of deepening and moved the storm too far east too quickly. Synthetic soundings, generated from 12-h predicted data initialized 24 h before cyclogenesis became apparent, were submitted to the same QG diagnostic algorithms used to analyze verifying rawinsonde data. Comparisons reveal that the NGM apparently 1) transported too much potential vorticity, westerly momentum, and cold air into the lower troposphere along the axis of the jet stream; 2) moved the first of two short-wavelength jet streaks too far northeastward and with too much strength; 3) failed to predict the strength of the following jet maximum; and 4) failed to develop an apparent tropopause fold. it is established that these errors were not caused by obvious discrepancies in the model's initialization. Through inference, the errors could have been caused by rapid growth of subtle, undetected initialization errors or by the model's inadequate parameterization of some physical process-perhaps of turbulent dissipation over mountainous terrain. Diagnosis of the model's subsequent initialization (12 h after its first erroneous prediction) indicates that the model did not have available crucial Mexican soundings that might have prevented it from making a similar error in predicting the position and strength of the then-intensifying cyclone. The diagnostic results could have alerted forecasters not only to the presence of the complex jet stream but also to the extent and intensity of its associated tropopause fold. Furthermore, QG diagnostics can alert forecasters to model errors that are not made obvious by conventional model comparisons. RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,FSL,MAIL CODE R-EFS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 85 EP 102 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0085:DAONMU>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL523 UT WOS:A1994QL52300006 ER PT J AU AUGUSTINE, JA CARACENA, F AF AUGUSTINE, JA CARACENA, F TI LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC PRECURSORS TO NOCTURNAL MCS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE CENTRAL UNITED-STATES SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Composite analyses are examined to identify signals in the late afternoon surface and lower-tropospheric environments that indicate the expected location and degree of nocturnal mesoscale convective system (MCS) development over the central United States. The authors concentrate on two features: 1) the forcing for the low-level jet (LLJ), and 2) the frontogenetic character of lower-tropospheric fronts, or other types of airmass boundaries, with which MCSs are associated. Results show that very large, long-lived, nocturnal MCSs are likely to mature downwind of a late afternoon surface geostrophic wind maximum if that region is frontogenetic at 850 mb. The significance of the afternoon surface geostrophic wind maximum is that it identifies the region where the core of the elevated nocturnal LLJ will develop atop the surface-based nocturnal inversion. Where the forecast LLJ will encounter the frontogenetic boundary defines an area of potentially enhanced nocturnal low-level ascent through convergence and warm advection, which would predispose that region to significant mesoscale convective development and heavy rain. Composites and case studies show that smaller, less significant MCSs also mature north of maxima in the late afternoon surface geostrophic wind but that those regions appear to lack a strong frontogenetic signal at 850 mb. Case studies illustrate how well these indicators applied to four different situations during the summer of 1992. Finally, a tentative design for an operational product that incorporates key features of these findings for forecasting the location of heavy rain is proposed. RP AUGUSTINE, JA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,R-E-ARX1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 116 EP 135 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009<0116:LTPTNM>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA QL523 UT WOS:A1994QL52300008 ER PT J AU WADAS, A MORELAND, J RICE, P KATTI, RR AF WADAS, A MORELAND, J RICE, P KATTI, RR TI MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY IMAGES OF MAGNETIC GARNET WITH THIN-FILM MAGNETIC TIP SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We present magnetic force microscopy images of YGdTmGa/YSmTmGa magnetic garnet, using a thin magnetic film deposited on Si3N5 atomic force microscopy tips. We have found correlations between the topography and the magnetic domain structure. We show that by using either magnetized Fe-Ni bilayer tips versus unmagnetized single layer Fe tips that the image contrast shows domains versus domain walls, respectively. C1 JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. RP WADAS, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 1994 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1156 EP 1158 DI 10.1063/1.110837 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MZ337 UT WOS:A1994MZ33700034 ER PT J AU LAWN, BR PADTURE, NP CAI, HD GUIBERTEAU, F AF LAWN, BR PADTURE, NP CAI, HD GUIBERTEAU, F TI MAKING CERAMICS DUCTILE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE; ALUMINA; FRACTURE; WEAR AB Distributed irreversible deformation in otherwise brittle ceramics (specifically, in silicon carbide and micaceous glass-ceramic) has been observed in Hertzian contacts. The deformation takes the form of an expanding microcrack damage zone below the contact circle, in place of the usual single propagating macrocrack (the Hertzian ''cone fracture'') outside. An important manifestation of this deformation is an effective ''ductility'' in the indentation stress-strain response. Control of the associated brittle-ductile transition is readily effected by appropriate design of weak interfaces, large and elongate grains, and high internal stresses in the ceramic microstructure. RP LAWN, BR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 23 TC 233 Z9 254 U1 9 U2 47 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5150 BP 1114 EP 1116 DI 10.1126/science.263.5150.1114 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MX759 UT WOS:A1994MX75900024 PM 17831623 ER PT J AU TALLEY, LD JOHNSON, GC AF TALLEY, LD JOHNSON, GC TI DEEP, ZONAL SUBEQUATORIAL CURRENTS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL GEOSTROPHIC CIRCULATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FLOW PATTERNS; ATLANTIC; TRACERS; TRANSPORTS; EQUATOR AB Large-scale, westward-extending tongues of warm (Pacific) and cold (Atlantic) water are found between 2000 and 3000 meters both north and south of the equator in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. They are centered at 5-degrees to 8-degrees north and 10-degrees to 15-degrees south (Pacific) and 5-degrees to 8-degrees north and 15-degrees to 20-degrees south (Atlantic). They are separated in both oceans by a contrasting eastward-extending tongue, centered at about 1-degrees to 2-degrees south, in agreement with previous helium isotope observations (Pacific). Thus, the indicated deep tropical westward flows north and south of the equator and eastward flow near the equator may result from more general forcing than the hydrothermal forcing previously hypothesized. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP TALLEY, LD (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5150 BP 1125 EP 1128 DI 10.1126/science.263.5150.1125 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MX759 UT WOS:A1994MX75900028 PM 17831626 ER PT J AU ISHINABE, T DOUGLAS, JF NEMIROVSKY, AM FREED, KF AF ISHINABE, T DOUGLAS, JF NEMIROVSKY, AM FREED, KF TI EXAMINATION OF THE 1/D EXPANSION METHOD FROM EXACT ENUMERATION FOR A SELF-INTERACTING SELF-AVOIDING WALK SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID HYPERCUBIC LATTICES; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; MODELS; DILUTE AB The 1/d expansion method for polymer chains is examined by comparing these expansions for several thermodynamic and structural quantities with the results of standard series analysis of exact enumeration data. The comparisons cover a wide range of spatial dimensions d, including non-integer ones, and are performed for particular values of interaction energy. Good agreement is generally found for d>4, whereas discrepancies become conspicuous as d decreases to d= 2. Reasonable values are obtained for the exponents nu and gamma in d = 2 - 4 by applying the coherent-anomaly method of Suzuki to our 1/d expansions through fifth order in d-1. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMER,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT ESTRUCTURA & CONSTITUYENTES MAT,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP ISHINABE, T (reprint author), YAMAGATA UNIV,FAC ENGN,YONEZAWA,YAMAGATA 992,JAPAN. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD FEB 21 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1109 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/27/4/006 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA MX820 UT WOS:A1994MX82000006 ER PT J AU TAO, X TUCK, AF AF TAO, X TUCK, AF TI ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF COLD-AIR NEAR THE VORTEX EDGE IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE EXPERIMENT; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; POLAR VORTEX; NITRIC-ACID; WINTER; EVOLUTION; TRANSPORT; LATITUDE; HOLE AB The horizontal distributions of air in the temperature ranges -70-degrees>T>-77-degrees-C, -77-degrees>T>-85-degrees-C and T<-85-degrees-C have been examined during the Arctic winter of 1988/1989 and the Antarctic winter of 1987, using T106 European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses of standard meteorological variables and potential vorticity. ER-2 airborne data were used to define, using water vapor and nitrous oxide observations, a potential vorticity (PV) contour corresponding to a chemically defined vortex edge. The jet stream axis was used to select a PV contour corresponding to the maximum winds, or a dynamically defined vortex edge. Air in the range -70-degrees>T>-77-degrees-C was confined within the dynamically defined Arctic vortex, with only small fractions appearing outside the chemically defined vortex. In the Antarctic, up to 14% of this air was outside the chemically defined vortex but very little was outside the dynamically defined vortex. After late January (Arctic) and late August (Antarctic), respectively, the chemically defined vortices shrank, being 27% and 20% smaller in February and September. The dynamically defined vortices remained essentially constant in area. There were no occurrences of nominal type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) outside either vortex, however defined. One implication of these results is that heterogeneous conversion of ClONO2 and HCI to reactive forms of chlorine is confined almost entirely to the Arctic vortex, while some such conversion may occur at the edge of the Antarctic vortex. However, small and infrequent areas of air in the range -77-degrees>T>-85-degrees-C did occur immediately outside both vortices, so separating the effects of peel-off, type I PSCs and sulfuric acid aerosol processing may be difficult on occasions. What is clear is that all three processes are intimately associated with the polar night jet stream. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP TAO, X (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D2 BP 3431 EP 3450 DI 10.1029/93JD02054 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY580 UT WOS:A1994MY58000002 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, S SANDERS, RW JAKOUBEK, RO ARPAG, KH STEPHENS, SL KEYS, JG GARCIA, RR AF SOLOMON, S SANDERS, RW JAKOUBEK, RO ARPAG, KH STEPHENS, SL KEYS, JG GARCIA, RR TI VISIBLE AND NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY AT MCMURDO-STATION, ANTARCTICA .10. REDUCTIONS OF STRATOSPHERIC NO2 DUE TO PINATUBO AEROSOLS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; NUMERICAL-MODEL; OZONE; TRANSPORT; ERUPTION AB Visible absorption spectroscopy was employed for stratospheric measurements at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, during the summer and fall seasons in 1990,1991,1992, and 1993. Observed column amounts of NO2 were as much as 50% smaller in 1992 and 1993 than in 1990 and 1991. The measured decreases in NO2 are believed to be due to the hydrolysis of N2O5 on the enhanced volcanic aerosols injected by the massive eruption of Mount Pinatubo in mid-1991. Such decreases in NO2 are broadly consistent with observations at other latitudes and with model calculations. However, substantially reduced NO2 was also observed during the polar day period in summer under conditions of continuous local solar illumination. The formation of the key N2O5 intermediate and reduction of NO2 at this time of year probably occurs via two mechanisms: (1) excursions of air parcels to lower latitudes where nighttime chemistry can produce N2O5 and (2) conversion of a small fraction of the NO3 formed during the day to N2O5. Model calculations show that the latter mechanism can be important in spite of the fast daytime photolysis of NO3. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST WATER & ATMOSPHER RES, LAUDER, NEW ZEALAND. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES, BOULDER, CO 80307 USA. RP SOLOMON, S (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D2 BP 3509 EP 3516 DI 10.1029/93JD03088 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY580 UT WOS:A1994MY58000007 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR SOLOMON, S AF HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR SOLOMON, S TI HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS IN SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOLS - A FRAMEWORK FOR MODEL-CALCULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UPTAKE COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER DROPLETS; N2O5; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; RADICALS; SURFACES; HNO3; OH AB A framework for applying rates of heterogeneous chemical reactions measured in the laboratory to small sulfuric acid aerosols found in the stratosphere is presented. The procedure for calculating the applicable reactive uptake coefficients using laboratory-measured parameters is developed, the necessary laboratory-measured quantities are discussed, and a set of equations for use in models are presented. This approach is demonstrated to be essential for obtaining uptake coefficients for the HOCl+HCI and ClONO2+HCl reactions applicable to the stratosphere. In these cases the laboratory-measured uptake coefficients have to be substantially corrected for the small size of the atmospheric aerosol droplets. The measured uptake coefficients for N2O5+H2O and ClONO2+H2O as well as those for other heterogeneous reactions are discussed in the context of this model. Finally, the derived uptake coefficients were incorporated in a two-dimensional dynamical and photochemical model thus for the first time the HCI reactions in sulfuric acid have been included. Substantial direct chlorine activation and consequent ozone destruction is shown to occur due to heterogeneous reactions involving HCI for volcanically perturbed aerosol conditions at high latitudes. Smaller but significant chlorine activation also is predicted for background aerosol loadings at extreme high latitudes, suggesting chlorine activation can occur on background sulfuric acid aerosol in these regions. The coupling between homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry is shown to lead to important changes in the concentrations of various reactive species. The basic physical and chemical quantities needed to better constrain the model input parameters are identified. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 39 TC 308 Z9 313 U1 7 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D2 BP 3615 EP 3629 DI 10.1029/93JD02932 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY580 UT WOS:A1994MY58000015 ER PT J AU GAFFEN, DJ AF GAFFEN, DJ TI TEMPORAL INHOMOGENEITIES IN RADIOSONDE TEMPERATURE RECORDS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Historical information on changes in radiosonde instruments and observing methods is combined with time series of upper-air temperature data to estimate the effects of (1) changes in sensors, (2) changes in solar radiation corrections to the data, and (3) changes in the length of the train between the balloon and the instrument package. These changes can induce discontinuities in the temperature records from several tenths to as high as several degrees Celsius. The discontinuities can be larger than the temperature trends of a few tenths of a degree per decade, computed by previous investigators from radiosonde observations An assessment of the 63-station network used by Angell to monitor tropospheric and stratospheric temperature suggests that about 43% of those stations' records have inhomogeneities, most notably in the stratosphere. These findings suggest that some previously computed temperature trends, especially estimates of stratospheric cooling, may be influenced by data inhomogeneities. RP GAFFEN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, AIR RESOURCES LAB, 1315 E WEST HIGHWAY, SSMCII, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 37 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D2 BP 3667 EP 3676 DI 10.1029/93JD03179 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY580 UT WOS:A1994MY58000019 ER PT J AU BIRNBAUM, G AF BIRNBAUM, G TI A MEMORY FUNCTION-APPROACH TO THE SHAPE OF PRESSURE BROADENED MOLECULAR BANDS SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTRA; INDUCED POPULATION TRANSFER; AUTO-CORRELATION FUNCTION; LINE-SHAPE; FINITE DURATION; FAR WINGS; GAS-PHASE; CO2; DENSITY; TEMPERATURE AB A unified treatment of the shape of pressure-broadened molecular absorption bands from near resonance to the far wings is achieved by an approach using memory functions. Empirical models for these functions are employed that interpolate between known short and long time behaviour. This treatment includes the following band shaping mechanisms: line interference, finite duration of collision, molecular torques, and detailed balance. Line interference can produce a very sharp decrease in absorption in the periphery of a band, e.g., as in the nu3 band Of CO2. Absorption in the far wings, which in this band exhibits a much less rapid decrease with increasing frequency, is attributed to the effect of molecular torques acting during collisions. By using a model memory function, a simple analytical expression is obtained for the far wing absorption. The parameters in this model are related to known molecular quantities. The computed and measured far wing absorption of the nu3 band Of CO2 broadened by argon at 296 K and 613 K are compared. RP BIRNBAUM, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD FEB 20 PY 1994 VL 81 IS 3 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1080/00268979400100341 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY294 UT WOS:A1994MY29400002 ER PT J AU TURCHINSKAYA, M KAISER, DL GAYLE, FW SHAPIRO, AJ ROYTBURD, A DOROSINSKII, LA NIKITENKO, VI POLYANSKII, AA VLASKOVLASOV, VK AF TURCHINSKAYA, M KAISER, DL GAYLE, FW SHAPIRO, AJ ROYTBURD, A DOROSINSKII, LA NIKITENKO, VI POLYANSKII, AA VLASKOVLASOV, VK TI REAL-TIME OBSERVATION OF THE EFFECT OF GRAIN-BOUNDARIES ON MAGNETIZATION OF YBA2CU3O7-X POLYCRYSTALS SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID BICRYSTALS; TRANSPORT; GROWTH AB A high-resolution, magneto-optical method has been used to study the effect of grain boundaries on the magnetization dynamics of YBa2Cu3O7-x polycrystals as a function of temperature (7-50 K) and applied magnetic field (0 to +/- 65 mT). At low temperatures (7-20 K), with increasing field, flux penetrated first along high-angle grain boundaries (misorientation angle theta > 10-degrees), then along low-angle grain boundaries (LAGB's, theta < 10-degrees), and finally into grains along the direction of twin boundaries. For higher temperatures (30-50 K), intragranular penetration occurred at lower fields than those required for penetration of LAGB's. Flux penetrated all high-angle grain boundaries at very low applied fields in the range of 1-2.5 mT. For LAGB's, the field required for initial penetration increased with decreasing misorientation angle. Very LAGB's (theta less-than-or-equal-to 4-degrees) acted as obstacles to flux flow across them and were effective at trapping flux. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST SOLID STATE PHYS,CHERNOGOLOVKA 142432,RUSSIA. RP TURCHINSKAYA, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Dorosinskii, Lev/J-3929-2015 OI Dorosinskii, Lev/0000-0002-5434-1009 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 20 PY 1994 VL 221 IS 1-2 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)90666-1 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MZ390 UT WOS:A1994MZ39000008 ER PT J AU STOUFFER, RJ MANABE, S VINNIKOV, KY AF STOUFFER, RJ MANABE, S VINNIKOV, KY TI MODEL ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF NATURAL VARIABILITY IN RECENT GLOBAL WARMING SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TRANSIENT RESPONSES; GRADUAL CHANGES; CO2 AB SINCE the late nineteenth century, the global mean surface air temperature has been increasing at the rate of about 0.5 degrees C per century(1-3), but our poor understanding of low-frequency natural climate variability has made it very difficult to determine whether the observed warming trend is attributable to the enhanced greenhouse effect associated with increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases(4,5). Here we evaluate the observed warming trend using a 1,000-year time series of global temperature obtained from a mathematical model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land system. We find that the model approximately reproduces the magnitude of the annual to interdecadal variation in global mean surface air temperature. But throughout the simulated time series no temperature change as large as 0.5 degrees C per century is sustained for more than a few decades. Assuming that the model is realistic, these results suggest that the observed trend is not a natural feature of the interaction between the atmosphere and oceans. Instead, it may have been induced by a sustained change in the thermal forcing, such as that resulting from changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and aerosol loading. RP STOUFFER, RJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010 NR 17 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 3 U2 11 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 17 PY 1994 VL 367 IS 6464 BP 634 EP 636 DI 10.1038/367634a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MW688 UT WOS:A1994MW68800050 ER PT J AU HUANG, L TURNIPSEED, SB HALTIWANGER, RC BARKLEY, RM SIEVERS, RE AF HUANG, L TURNIPSEED, SB HALTIWANGER, RC BARKLEY, RM SIEVERS, RE TI SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURES OF VOLATILE MONONUCLEAR AND PENTANUCLEAR CHELATES OF BARIUM SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; COMPLEXES; SRTIO3 AB The structures of two Ba(II) chelates of beta-diketonates have been determined; one is mononuclear and the other is multinuclear. The Ba(II) chelate of the anion of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (thd) recrystallized from pentane formed monoclinic crystals, space group I2/a. with dimensions a =24.365(9) angstrom, b =21.174(10) angstrom, c = 48.486(16) angstrom, beta = 100.98(3)degrees, and Z = 8. This structure was determined to be a beta-diketonate deficient pentanuclear complex with the formula Ba5(thd)9(H2O)3(OH). Both beta-diketonate and water ligands act as bridges between barium ions in this structure, resulting in a thermally unstable compound. A new mononuclear anionic Ba(II) chelate of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate (hfa) has been synthesized. X-ray diffraction analysis of the monoclinic (space group C2/c) crystals gave a unit cell of dimensions a = 22.379(7) angstrom, b = 12.143(3) angstrom, c = 34.800(8) angstrom, beta = 102.22(2)degrees, and Z = 8; its structure was determined to be (ethylenediamine-H-2)1.5[Ba(hfa)5].C2H5OH. The thermal properties of (enH2)1.5[Ba(hfa)5].C2H5OH were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. It was determined that this mononuclear anionic complex is volatile and thermally stable when compared to previously reported Ba(II) beta-diketonate complexes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 216,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 16 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 4 BP 798 EP 803 DI 10.1021/ic00082a029 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA MX860 UT WOS:A1994MX86000029 ER PT J AU CHEN, BH EICHHORN, B WONGNG, WN AF CHEN, BH EICHHORN, B WONGNG, WN TI STRUCTURAL REINVESTIGATION OF BA3ZR2S7 BY SINGLE-CRYSTAL X-RAY-DIFFRACTION SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SULFIDES; PHASES AB Single crystals of barium zirconium sulfide, Ba3Zr2S7, were prepared from BaS, Zr and S at 1323 K by using a BaCl2 flux. The compound belongs to the Ruddlesden-Popper (A(n+1) B(n)X3n+1) family with A = Ba, B = Zr, X = S and n = 2. It is isostructural to Sr3Ti2O7 and crystallizes in alternately stacked double perovskite BaZrS3 layers and rocksalt BaS layers. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHEN, BH (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCTIV RES,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 50 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1107/S0108270193008972 PN 2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA MY145 UT WOS:A1994MY14500002 ER PT J AU BEARY, ES PAULSEN, PJ AF BEARY, ES PAULSEN, PJ TI DETERMINATION OF ULTRATRACE NEODYMIUM IN HIGH-PURITY LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS BY HIGH-ACCURACY ISOTOPE-DILUTION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS WITH CHEMICAL PRECONCENTRATION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; WATER AB Direct, accurate quantitation of ultratrace Nd in La compounds was not possible by ICPMS. The La/Nd ratio of > 10(6) required chemical separations to provide a suitable sample solution for instrumental analysis. Separation of Nd from the La matrix is problematic since the two elements are close in mass and similar in chemical behavior. The ICPMS in a semiquantitative survey mode proved to be a valuable tool in developing the required separations. Nd was quantified using isotope dilution which requires neither 100% recovery nor absolute isolation of the Nd, resulting in considerable flexibility in the design of preconcentration procedures. Nanogram per gram quantities of Nd in high-purity La compounds were determined using this procedure. RP BEARY, ES (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ANALYT CHEM,BLDG 222,ROOM A 339,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 4 BP 431 EP 439 DI 10.1021/ac00076a004 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MX248 UT WOS:A1994MX24800009 ER PT J AU BECK, CM AF BECK, CM TI CLASSICAL-ANALYSIS - A LOOK AT THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article RP BECK, CM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 66 IS 4 BP A224 EP & DI 10.1021/ac00076a001 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA MX248 UT WOS:A1994MX24800004 ER PT J AU FEELY, RA WANNINKHOF, R COSCA, CE MCPHADEN, MJ BYRNE, RH MILLERO, FJ CHAVEZ, FP CLAYTON, T CAMPBELL, DM MURPHY, PP AF FEELY, RA WANNINKHOF, R COSCA, CE MCPHADEN, MJ BYRNE, RH MILLERO, FJ CHAVEZ, FP CLAYTON, T CAMPBELL, DM MURPHY, PP TI THE EFFECT OF TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES ON CO2 SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS ALONG THE EQUATOR IN THE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC DURING THE 1992 ENSO EVENT SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PERIOD; MARINE AB Tropical instability waves have been shown to have a major impact on the variability of temperature and nutrients along the equatorial wave guide. In order to assess the impact of these features on carbon species distributions during an ENSO event, sea surface temperature, salinity, sigma-t, nitrate, CO2 fugacity, total inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, and pH along the equator were measured from 130-degrees-W to 100-degrees-W during 8-15 May 1992. Concurrent moored measurements of surface currents and temperature were also made at 0-degrees, 110-degrees-W. Results indicate that tropical instability waves, with periods of 15 to 20 days and zonal wavelengths of 700-800 km, controlled the observed spatial variability of the CO2 species, nitrate and hydrographic parameters at the equator. C1 MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RES INST,PACIFIC GROVE,CA 93950. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149. UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT MARINE SCI,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701. UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,DIV MARINE & ATMOSPHER CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP FEELY, RA (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 37 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 4 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1029/93GL03212 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MY140 UT WOS:A1994MY14000010 ER PT J AU ITO, RY HAWN, DR COLLETTE, BB AF ITO, RY HAWN, DR COLLETTE, BB TI 1ST RECORD OF THE BUTTERFLY KINGFISH GASTEROCHISMA-MELAMPUS (SCOMBRIDAE) FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 NOAA,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL SYSTEMAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20560. RP ITO, RY (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ICHTHYOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA BUSINESS CENTER ACADEMIC SOC JAPAN, 5-16-9 HONKOMAGOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0021-5090 J9 JPN J ICHTHYOL JI Jpn. J. Ichthyol. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 40 IS 4 BP 482 EP 486 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA MY234 UT WOS:A1994MY23400011 ER PT J AU GOLDFARB, RB ITOH, K AF GOLDFARB, RB ITOH, K TI REDUCTION OF INTERFILAMENT CONTACT LOSS IN NB3SN SUPERCONDUCTOR WIRES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIFILAMENTARY NB3SN; MAGNETIZATION; CONDUCTORS AB Interfilament contact in Nb3Sn wires made by the internal tin-diffusion process causes excess hysteresis loss beyond the intrinsic magnetic hysteresis loss of the filaments. In analogy with eddy-current and proximity-effect coupling losses, the excess contact loss can be reduced by decreasing the twist-pitch length of the filaments in the wire. One consequence of interfilament contact is that volume magnetization measurements are strongly dependent on sample length below about one twist pitch. We define a characteristic length whose reciprocal is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the sample length and the twist pitch. Hysteresis loss is a universal function of characteristic length for different sample lengths and twist pitches. We discuss several experimental parameters for the magnetic determination of hysteresis loss. C1 NATL RES INST MET,TOKYO 153,JAPAN. RP GOLDFARB, RB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80503, USA. RI Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011 OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974 NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 75 IS 4 BP 2115 EP 2118 DI 10.1063/1.356317 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MX654 UT WOS:A1994MX65400043 ER PT J AU VARBERG, TD EVENSON, KM BROWN, JM AF VARBERG, TD EVENSON, KM BROWN, JM TI DETECTION OF OH+ IN ITS A (1)DELTA STATE BY FAR-INFRARED LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; OD+; NH; TRANSITION; BAND AB The spectrum associated with the J = 3 <-- 2 transition of OH+ in the a (1) Delta(v = 0) state has been observed by far infrared laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A new microwave discharge source enabled the detection of this spectrum, which is the first observation of the rotational spectrum of an ion in a metastable state. Assignment and least-squares fitting of the observed transitions have determined the following molecular constants: B-0 = 494.420 388 (22) GHz, the proton hyperfine parameter a = 74.84 (32) MHz, g(L)' = 1.000 915 (15), and g(r) = -0.001 815 (18), with the 1 sigma uncertainties of the last digits in parentheses. The relationship of these parameters to the geometric and electronic structure of OH+ is discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV TIME & FREQUENCY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV OXFORD, PHYS CHEM LAB, OXFORD OX1 3QZ, ENGLAND. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 4 BP 2487 EP 2491 DI 10.1063/1.466497 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MX628 UT WOS:A1994MX62800010 ER PT J AU MCILROY, A NESBITT, DJ KERSTEL, ERT PATE, BH LEHMANN, KK SCOLES, G AF MCILROY, A NESBITT, DJ KERSTEL, ERT PATE, BH LEHMANN, KK SCOLES, G TI SUB-DOPPLER, INFRARED-LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF THE PROPYNE 2-NU(1) BAND - EVIDENCE OF Z-AXIS CORIOLIS DOMINATED INTRAMOLECULAR STATE MIXING IN THE ACETYLENIC CH STRETCH OVERTONE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DOUBLE-RESONANCE; IR-SPECTRUM; RELAXATION; DYNAMICS; CHROMOPHORE; OSCILLATORS; TRANSITIONS AB The eigenstate-resolved 2 nu(1) (acetylenic CH stretch) absorption spectrum of propyne has been observed for J'=0-11 and K=0-3 in a skimmed supersonic molecular beam using optothermal detection. Radiation near 1.5 mu m was generated by a color center laser allowing spectra to be obtained with a full-width at half-maximum resolution of 6X10(-4) cm(-1) (18 MHz). Three distinct characteristics are observed for the perturbations suffered by the optically active (bright) acetylenic CH stretch vibrational state due to vibrational coupling to the nonoptically active (dark) vibrational bath states. (1) The K=0 states are observed to be unperturbed. (2) Approximately 2/3 of the observed K=1-3 transitions are split into 0.02-0.25 cm(-1) wide multiplets of two to five lines. These splittings are due to intramolecular coupling of 2 nu(1) to the near resonant bath states with an average matrix element of (V-2)(1/2)=0.002 cm(-1) that appears to grow approximately linearly with K. (3). The K subband origins are observed to be displaced from the positions predicted for a parallel band, symmetric top spectrum. The first two features suggest that the coupling of the bright state to the bath states is dominated by parallel (z-axis) Coriolis coupling. The third suggests a nonresonant coupling (Coriolis or anharmonic) to a perturber, not directly observed in the spectrum, that itself tunes rapidly with K; the latter being the signature of diagonal z-axis Coriolis interactions affecting the perturber. A natural interpretation of these facts is that the coupling between the bright state and the dark states is mediated by a doorway state that is anharmonically coupled to the bright state and z-axis Coriolis coupled to the dark states. Z-axis Coriolis coupling of the doorway state to the bright state can be ruled out since the nu(1) normal mode cannot couple to any of the other normal modes by a parallel Coriolis interaction. Based on the range of measured matrix elements and the distribution of the number of perturbations observed we find that the bath levels that couple to 2 nu(1) do not exhibit Gaussian orthogonal ensemble type statistics but instead show statistics consistent with a Poisson spectrum, suggesting regular, not chaotic, classical dynamics. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 75 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 4 BP 2596 EP 2611 DI 10.1063/1.466456 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MX628 UT WOS:A1994MX62800020 ER PT J AU SCHIFFMAN, A NESBITT, DJ AF SCHIFFMAN, A NESBITT, DJ TI PRESSURE BROADENING AND COLLISIONAL NARROWING IN OH(V=1[-0) ROVIBRATIONAL TRANSITIONS WITH AR, HE, O-2, AND N-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; PERTURBER DEPENDENCES; OH-AR; TEMPERATURE; SPECTROSCOPY; AR-H2O; STATE; GHZ AB Line shapes are measured for OH(v = 1 <-- 0) transitions in the presence of Ar, He, O-2, and N-2 as a function of N rotational, spin-orbit, and lambda doublet states. Pressure broadening coefficients for all transitions and buffer gases are determined from fits of the observed line shapes to the Voigt profile. The dependencies of the observed broadening coefficients on the OH quantum levels are discussed and compared with previous pressure broadening studies in HF and NO. The observed OH line shapes are interpreted in terms of their impact on the determination of mesospheric and stratospheric OH populations, temperatures, and quantum state distributions from OH nightglow and dayglow emission. In the case of OH + Ar, evidence for Dicke narrowing is presented and narrowing coefficients are reported from fits to a ''hard collision'' model. C1 UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SCHIFFMAN, A (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 4 BP 2677 EP 2689 DI 10.1063/1.466462 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MX628 UT WOS:A1994MX62800028 ER PT J AU RICHTER, LJ BUNTIN, SA CHU, PM CAVANAGH, RR AF RICHTER, LJ BUNTIN, SA CHU, PM CAVANAGH, RR TI ADSORPTION AND PHOTODECOMPOSITION OF MO(CO)(6) ON SI(111) 7X7 - AN INFRARED REFLECTION-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FEMTOSECOND TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; LASER-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES; HOT-ELECTRON ATTACHMENT; METAL-CARBONYLS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; DIRECT PHOTOEXCITATION; GROUP-6 HEXACARBONYLS; EXTERNAL REFLECTION AB The adsorption and photodecomposition of Mo(CO)(6) adsorbed on Si(111) 7X7 surfaces has been studied with Auger electron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, low energy electron diffraction and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy in a single external reflection configuration. The external-reflection technique is demonstrated to have adequate sensitivity to characterize submonolayer coverages of photogenerated Mo(CO)(x) fragments. It is proposed that the first layer of Mo(CO)(6) adsorbs in ordered islands with a Mo(CO)(6) atop each adatom of the 7X7 reconstructed Si surface. UV irradiation of these islands produces a carbonyl fragment, identified as chemisorbed Mo(CO)(5). The Mo(CO)(5) thermally decarbonylates via two subcarbonyl intermediates with little CO dissociation. Photolysis of thicker layers results in the formation of Mo-x(CO)(y) dimers/polymers, as evidenced by the appearance of bridging CO, which is attributed to a facile association reaction. The dimer/polymer species correlate with deposition of C and O on the surface. RP RICHTER, LJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 66 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 4 BP 3187 EP 3200 DI 10.1063/1.466410 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MX628 UT WOS:A1994MX62800083 ER PT J AU NAKATANI, AI DOUGLAS, JF BAN, YB HAN, CC AF NAKATANI, AI DOUGLAS, JF BAN, YB HAN, CC TI A NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF SHEAR-INDUCED TURBIDITY IN POLYSTYRENE DISSOLVED IN DIOCTYL PHTHALATE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; SEMIDILUTE POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; INDUCED DENSITY GRADIENTS; INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION; CRITICAL SOLUTION POINT; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; INDUCED DEFORMATION; CRITICAL FLUIDS; DILUTE-SOLUTION AB The influence of shear on the small angle neutron scattering from a semidilute solution of polystyrene (PS) dissolved in dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is examined in the limit of strong shear (gamma equal to or greater than 100 s(-1)). These experiments are restricted to room temperature, which is close to the theta point of PS/DOP. The fraction of deuterated PS chains is varied, while the total polymer weight fraction is fixed at 3%. This is near the critical composition of hydrogenated PS in DOP. The increased scattering at high shear rates (''shear induced turbidity'') is interpreted in terms of a critical temperature shift. Scattering along the how direction is distorted and the scattering data normal to how is uninfluenced by shear above a wave vector cutoff q(*), which is independent of shear rate. This cutoff is found to correspond to the Debye length, characterizing the average intermolecular potential range. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 86 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 4 BP 3224 EP 3232 DI 10.1063/1.466412 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MX628 UT WOS:A1994MX62800086 ER PT J AU MURNANE, RJ COCHRAN, JK SARMIENTO, JL AF MURNANE, RJ COCHRAN, JK SARMIENTO, JL TI ESTIMATES OF PARTICLE-CYCLING AND THORIUM-CYCLING RATES IN THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC-OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DEEP SARGASSO SEA; NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES; GENERALIZED-MODEL; TRACE-METALS; FLUX; ISOTOPES; SEDIMENT; DISEQUILIBRIA; MATTER; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We provide least squares estimates of particle-cycling rate constants and their errors at 13 depths in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean using a compilation of published results and conservation equations for thorium and particle cycling. The predicted rates of particle aggregation and disaggregation vary through the water column. The means and standard deviations, based on lognormal probability distributions, for the lowest and highest rates of aggregation (beta2) and disaggregation (beta-2) in the water column are 8+/-27 y-1 < beta2 < 18+/-90 y-1, and 580+/-2000 y-1 < beta-2 < 3x10(3)+/-10(4) y-1. Median values for these rates are 2.1 y-1 < beta2 < 3.2 y and 149 y-1 < beta-2 < 156 y-1. Predicted rate constants for thorium adsorption (k1 = 5.0+/-1.0x10(4) m3 kg-1 y-1) and desorption (k-1 = 3.1+/-1.5 y-1) are consistent with previous estimates. Least squares estimates of the sum of the time dependence and transport terms from the particle and thorium conservation equations are on the same order as other terms in the conservation equations. Forcing this sum to equal zero would change the predicted rates. Better estimates of the time dependence of thorium activities and particle concentrations and of the concentration and flux of particulate organic matter would help to constrain estimates of beta2 and beta-2. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP MURNANE, RJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C2 BP 3373 EP 3392 DI 10.1029/93JC02378 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA MY399 UT WOS:A1994MY39900013 ER PT J AU MURNANE, RJ AF MURNANE, RJ TI DETERMINATION OF THORIUM AND PARTICULATE MATTER CYCLING PARAMETERS AT STATION-P - A REANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF LEAST-SQUARES TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES; INVERSE METHODS; FITTING MODELS; OCEAN; ISOTOPES; DISEQUILIBRIA; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; DISTRIBUTIONS; VELOCITIES AB This reanalysis of data from weather station P in the North Pacific provides least squares estimates of thorium and particle cycling rate constants and of the concentration of sinking large particles. The estimated rate constants are for a particle model that includes a suspended small-particle class and a sinking large-particle class and for an analogous thorium model that includes a dissolved class, a suspended small-particle class, and a sinking large-particle class. Steady state, one-dimensional conditions are usually considered reasonable approximations for the deep North Pacific. These assumptions lead to estimated rate constants and concentrations of large particles (P(L) that are inconsistent with independent observations. A solution consistent with all observations is found by using lognormal probability distributions for the initial estimates of the rates and P(L), by using a cost function that includes all imprecisely known terms, and by allowing for deviations from steady state, one-dimensional conditions. Estimates of the mean and standard deviation for the rates and P(L) are k1 = 0.7+/-0.4 y-1 for thorium adsorption, k-1' = 1.7+/-0.9 y-1 for thorium desorption, beta2 = 0.8+/-0.9 y-1 for particle aggregation, beta-2 = 400+/-10000 y-1 for particle disaggregation, and P(L) = 2+/-60x10(-6) kg m-3. All the means and standard deviations are for lognormal probability distributions. The result suggest that estimated P(L) and particle aggregation and disaggregation rate constants have the greatest consistency when deviations from steady state and one-dimensional conditions, positivity constraints (based on lognormal probability distributions), and measurement uncertainty are incorporated into a solution. RP MURNANE, RJ (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. RI Murnane, Richard/G-7039-2015 OI Murnane, Richard/0000-0002-9744-8471 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C2 BP 3393 EP 3405 DI 10.1029/93JC03155 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA MY399 UT WOS:A1994MY39900014 ER PT J AU MAHLMAN, JD PINTO, JP UMSCHEID, LJ AF MAHLMAN, JD PINTO, JP UMSCHEID, LJ TI TRANSPORT, RADIATIVE, AND DYNAMICAL EFFECTS OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE - A GFDL SKYHI MODEL EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LATE WINTER 1973; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS; STRATOSPHERE; DESTRUCTION; RESOLUTION; DEPLETION; WAVES AB The GFDL ''SKYHI'' general circulation model has been used to simulate the effect of the Antarctic ''ozone hole'' phenomenon on the radiative and dynamical environment of the lower stratosphere. Both the polar ozone destruction and photochemical restoration chemistries are calculated by parameterized simplifications of the still somewhat uncertain chemical processes. The modeled total column ozone depletions are near 25% in spring over Antarctica, with 1% depletion reaching equatorial latitudes by the end of the 4 1/2-year model experiment. In the lower stratosphere, ozone reductions of 5% reach to the equator. Large coolings of about 8 K are simulated in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica in late spring, while a general cooling of about 1-1.5 K is present throughout the Southern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. The model atmosphere experiences a long-term positive temperature-chemical feedback because significant ozone reductions carry over into the next winter. The overall temperature response to the reduced ozone is essentially radiative in character. However, substantial dynamical changes are induced by the ozone hole effect. The Antarctic middle stratosphere in late spring warms by about 6 K over Antarctica and the lower midlatitude stratosphere warms by approximately 1 K. These warming spots are produced mainly by an increased residual circulation intensity. Also, the Antarctic vortex becomes tighter and more confined as a result of the reduced ozone. These two dynamical effects combine to steepen the meridional slope of quasi-conservative trace constituent isolines. Thus, the entire transport, radiative, and dynamical climatology of the springtime stratosphere is affected to an important degree by the ozone hole phenomenon. Over the entire year, however, these dynamical effects are considerably smaller. C1 US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP MAHLMAN, JD (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA ERL GFDL,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,US ROUTE 1,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 489 EP 508 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0489:TRADEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MX664 UT WOS:A1994MX66400002 ER PT J AU ORLANSKI, I GROSS, BD AF ORLANSKI, I GROSS, BD TI OROGRAPHIC MODIFICATION OF CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LEE CYCLOGENESIS; BAROCLINIC-INSTABILITY; DEEP CYCLOGENESIS; TOPOGRAPHY; HEIGHT; ALPS AB The orographic modification of cyclone development is examined by means of primitive equation model simulations. When a mature baroclinic wave impinges on an east-west oriented mountain ridge, a relatively intense cyclone forms on the south side of the ridge. This cyclone extends throughout the depth of the troposphere and possesses relatively small vertical tilts, large velocities, and strong temperature perturbations compared to classical baroclinic eddies. The vorticity growth in the orographic cyclone center is larger than that of baroclinic eddies that grow over flat terrain. However, there is no absolute instability associated with this orographic enhancement. A longer ridge produces a more intense eddy. The behavior of small-amplitude normal modes on a zonally symmetric mountain ridge shows that baroclinic development is enhanced where the topography slopes in the same direction as the isentropes. This is consistent with earlier studies using uniform slopes that show that the heat flux forced by this terrain enhances the conversion of available potential energy. It is shown that the structure of nonlinear waves is similar to that of linear modes over a mountain ridge with steep slopes, in which the cross-ridge flow and the associated heat flux are partially blocked by the mountain. Simulations of a stationary cold front interacting with a mountain ridge suggest that orographic cyclogenesis is triggered when the mountain ridge locally modifies the frontal circulation as it impinges on the ridge. Warm southerly flow in the front is diverted westward by the mountain ridge, intensifying the strong hydrostatic pressure gradient between the mountain anticyclone and the developing cyclone to the south. In contrast, cold northerly flow is diverted eastward as it approaches the mountain and effectively broadens the mountain anticyclone toward the north. This produces the characteristic pressure dipole observed in orographic cyclogenesis. It is concluded that mature baroclinic eddies approaching the mountain ridge should have a strong frontal zone with a considerable temperature contrast and strong circulation for an intense response. RP ORLANSKI, I (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,PRINCETON,NJ 08540, USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 4 BP 589 EP 611 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0589:OMOCD>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MX664 UT WOS:A1994MX66400008 ER PT J AU KLOOR, H FISCHBACH, E TALMADGE, C GREENE, GL AF KLOOR, H FISCHBACH, E TALMADGE, C GREENE, GL TI LIMITS ON NEW FORCES COEXISTING WITH ELECTROMAGNETISM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; 5TH FORCE; EOTVOS EXPERIMENT; PHOTON MASS; ELECTRODYNAMICS AB We consider the limits arising from different electromagnetic systems on the existence of a possible new electromagnetic analogue of the fifth force. Although such a force may have no intrinsic connection to electromagnetism (or gravity), its effects could be manifested through various anomalies in electromagnetic systems, for appropriate values of the coupling strength and range. Our work generalizes that of Bartlett and Logl (who considered the case of a massive vector field coexisting with massless electrodynamics) to encompass a broad class of phenomenological interactions mediated by both scalar and vector exchanges. By combining data from both gravitational and electromagnetic systems, one can eventually set limits on a new force whose range lambda extends from the subatomic scale (lambda almost-equal-to 10(-15) m) to the astrophysical scale (lambda almost-equal-to 10(12) m). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KLOOR, H (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2098 EP 2113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.49.2098 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA MY971 UT WOS:A1994MY97100041 ER PT J AU GOLDNER, LS GERZ, C SPREEUW, RJC ROLSTON, SL WESTBROOK, CI PHILLIPS, WD MARTE, P ZOLLER, P AF GOLDNER, LS GERZ, C SPREEUW, RJC ROLSTON, SL WESTBROOK, CI PHILLIPS, WD MARTE, P ZOLLER, P TI MOMENTUM-TRANSFER IN LASER-COOLED CESIUM BY ADIABATIC PASSAGE IN A LIGHT-FIELD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POPULATION TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL LEVELS; ATOMS; INTERFEROMETER AB We have observed transfer of momentum and ground state population in laser-cooled cesium by adiabatic following of a slowly evolving Light field. In this new technique for mechanical manipulation of atoms, spontaneous emission is suppressed since the atoms evolve in a ''dark'' state that follows the light field. This means that the phase coherence of the atom is preserved so that this technique is useful in the realization of coherent atomic beam splitters and mirrors. Our experimental results are in good agreement with optical Bloch equation calculations. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GOLDNER, LS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Westbrook, Christoph/B-6092-2009; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008 OI Westbrook, Christoph/0000-0002-6490-0468; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698 NR 22 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 7 BP 997 EP 1000 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.997 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MW256 UT WOS:A1994MW25600013 ER PT J AU PLANT, A AF PLANT, A TI PHOSPHOLIPID ALKANETHIOL BILAYERS AS BIOMIMETIC MEMBRANES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DEPT BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 13 PY 1994 SU 18C BP 262 EP 262 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MY175 UT WOS:A1994MY17500934 ER PT J AU BELOV, S FRASER, GT ORTIGOSO, J PATE, BH TRETYAKOV, MY AF BELOV, S FRASER, GT ORTIGOSO, J PATE, BH TRETYAKOV, MY TI ELECTRIC RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTRUM OF THE 920-CM(-1) NU(14)+NU(15) TORSIONAL COMBINATION BAND OF ACETALDEHYDE SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; MICROWAVE; MILLIMETER; ROTOR AB The 920 cm(-1) vibrational band of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) has been studied at about 2 MHz (FWHM) resolution using an electric resonance optothermal spectrometer and a tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser. Microwave and radiofrequency infrared double resonance and precise combination differences are used to assign the spectrum and verify that it originates from the vibrational ground state of the molecule. The band is observed to have a large A-E torsional tunnelling splitting of 145 cm(-1), with the A state higher in energy than the E state. The K' = 1 and 2 levels for the E state have large K splittings of 28.8 GHz and 54.5 GHz, respectively, which are similar to the 37.3 GHz and 58.4 GHz splittings found for the first excited torsional vibration of the ground vibrational state. The above observations demonstrate that the 920 cm(-1) vibrational state has one quantum of torsional excitation, confirming previous low-resolution assignments of the band to the A' nu(14) + nu(15) combination vibration, consisting of the CH out-of-plane bend (nu(14) approximate to 764 cm(-1)) and the CH3 torsion (nu(15) M 143 cm(-1)). An effect of the previously proposed Fermi-resonance interaction between nu(14) + nu(15) and nu(9) is seen in the much smaller torsional splitting in the nu(14) + nu(15) state compared with the nu(15) fundamental. The observation of a large number of forbidden transitions for the E state suggests that caution should be used when invoking intramolecular vibrational redistribution as the source of spectral congestion in molecules with internal rotors. RP BELOV, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Ortigoso, Juan/F-1234-2016 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 81 IS 2 BP 359 EP 368 DI 10.1080/00268979400100231 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MY174 UT WOS:A1994MY17400007 ER PT J AU LEE, D POST, J AF LEE, D POST, J TI PCTEX VERSION 3.14 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Software Review C1 UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP LEE, D (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 9 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 3 BP 1167 EP 1167 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MW990 UT WOS:A1994MW99000066 ER PT J AU JI, XH JOHNSON, WW SESAY, MA DICKERT, L PRASAD, SM AMMON, HL ARMSTRONG, RN GILLILAND, GL AF JI, XH JOHNSON, WW SESAY, MA DICKERT, L PRASAD, SM AMMON, HL ARMSTRONG, RN GILLILAND, GL TI STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE XENOBIOTIC SUBSTRATE-BINDING SITE OF A GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE AS REVEALED BY X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT COMPLEXES WITH THE DIASTEREOMERS OF 9-(S-GLUTATHIONYL)-10-HYDROXY-9,10-DIHYDROPHENANTHRENE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; AZAARENE OXIDES; ARENE; EXPRESSION; REFINEMENT; RESOLUTION AB The three-dimensional structures of isoenzyme 3-3 of glutathione (GSH) transferase complexed with (9R,10R)- and (9S,10S)-9-(S-glutathionyl)-10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene [(9R,10R)-2 and (9S,10S)-2], which are the products of the addition of GSH to phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, have been determined at resolutions of 1.9 and 1.8 Angstrom, respectively. The structures indicate that the xenobiotic substrate binding site is a hydrophobic cavity defined by the side chains of Y6, W7, V9, and L12 from domain I (the GSH binding domain) and I111, Y115, F208, and S209 in domain II of the protein. All of these residues are located in variable-sequence regions of the primary structure of class mu isoenzymes. Three of the eight residues (V9, I111, and S209) of isoenzyme 3-3 that are in direct van der Waals contact with the dihydrophenanthrenyl portion of the products are mutated (V9I, I111A, and S209A) in the related isoenzyme 4-4. These three residues are implicated in control of the stereoselectivity of the class mu isoenzymes. The hydroxyl group of Y115 is found to be hydrogen-bonded to the 10-hydroxyl group of (9S,10S)-2, a fact suggesting that this residue could act as an electrophile to stabilize the transition state for the addition of GSH to epoxides. The Y115F mutant isoenzyme 3-3 is about 100-fold less efficient than the native enzyme in catalyzing the addition of GSH to phenanthrene 9,10-oxide and about 50-fold less efficient in the Michael addition of GSH to 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one. The side chain of Y115 is positioned so as to act as a general-acid catalytic group for two types of reactions that would benefit from electrophilic assistance. The results are consistent with the notion that domain II, which harbors most of the variability in primary structure, plays a crucial role in defining the substrate specificity of class mu isoenzymes. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,SHADY GROVE,MD. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012 OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM30910] NR 31 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD FEB 8 PY 1994 VL 33 IS 5 BP 1043 EP 1052 DI 10.1021/bi00171a002 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA MW257 UT WOS:A1994MW25700002 PM 8110735 ER PT J AU ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R AF ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R TI CRACK BLUNTING EFFECTS ON DISLOCATION EMISSION FROM CRACKS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIP; NUCLEATION AB A series of atomistic calculations is performed in order to establish criteria for dislocation emission from cracks in a model hexagonal lattice. We find that except for special orientations, additional tensile broken-bond effects must be added to existing theories based on shear effects, in order to correctly estimate the critical stress intensity K(e) required for dislocation emission. From this, a new ductility criterion for materials is proposed which does not depend on the intrinsic surface energy, but contains only the unstable stacking fault parameter. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 13 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 6 BP 852 EP 855 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.852 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MV430 UT WOS:A1994MV43000015 ER PT J AU MARTINIS, JM NAHUM, M JENSEN, HD AF MARTINIS, JM NAHUM, M JENSEN, HD TI METROLOGICAL ACCURACY OF THE ELECTRON PUMP SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ELECTRONS; CHARGE; JUNCTION; DEVICE AB We have operated a five-junction electron pump with an error for transferring electrons of approximately 0.5 part per 10(6). The error predicted from existing theory is several orders of magnitude smaller, thus implying that our present understanding of the Coulomb blockade is incomplete. We conjecture that the errors arise from photon-assisted tunneling, where the photon energy is supplied by noise from the environment. C1 DANISH INST FUNDAMENTAL METROL,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RP MARTINIS, JM (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 6 BP 904 EP 907 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.904 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MV430 UT WOS:A1994MV43000028 ER PT J AU AZIZ, MJ BOETTINGER, WJ AF AZIZ, MJ BOETTINGER, WJ TI THE TRANSITION FROM SHORT-RANGE DIFFUSION-LIMITED TO COLLISION-LIMITED GROWTH IN ALLOY SOLIDIFICATION SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE MOTION; CRYSTALLIZATION; RATES AB Short-range diffusion-limited growth, collision-limited growth, and the transition between the two regimes are explained as natural consequences of a single model for the kinetics of alloy solidification; Analytical expressions are developed for the velocity-undercooling function of a planar interface during dilute alloy solidification, using Turnbull's collision-limited growth model and the Continuous Growth Solute Trapping Model of Aziz and Kaplan both with and without a solute drag effect. The interface mobility, -dv/dT, is shown to be very high (proportional to the speed of sound) if the alloy is sufficiently dilute or if the growth rate is sufficiently rapid for nearly complete solute trapping. The interface mobility is reduced by about three orders of magnitude (becoming proportional to the diffusive speed) at intermediate growth rates where partial solute trapping occurs. Differences in low velocity predictions of the models with and without solute drag are also discussed. Comparison of the results of the analytical expressions to numerical solutions of the non-dilute kinetic model for Al-Be alloys shows that the dilute approximation breaks down at melt compositions on the order of 10 at.%. Similar variations in the interface mobility are shown for the disorder-trapping model of Boettinger and Aziz. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MET, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP AZIZ, MJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV, DIV APPL SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 26 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 527 EP 537 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90507-X PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MV479 UT WOS:A1994MV47900016 ER PT J AU BOURGIN, RD MARTIN, MS RENZ, PL AF BOURGIN, RD MARTIN, MS RENZ, PL TI SHORTEST CURVES IN JORDAN REGIONS VARY CONTINUOUSLY WITH THE BOUNDARY SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Suppose a closed loop of wire in the plane defines a Jordan region, and two points in the interior of that region are joined by a taut rubber band constrained to lie in the region by that wire boundary. Now suppose that both the wire and the interior points are continuously perturbed (so that the perturbed endpoints lie in the interior of the perturbed Jordan region at each stage). Then the ruber band moves continuously. We provide a mathematical formulation and proof of this assertion. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV DENVER,DENVER,CO 80208. MATH ASSOC AMER,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. BIRKHAUSER BOSTON,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP BOURGIN, RD (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0001-8708 J9 ADV MATH JI Adv. Math. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 103 IS 2 BP 208 EP 220 DI 10.1006/aima.1994.1010 PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA NE033 UT WOS:A1994NE03300005 ER PT J AU MANABE, S STOUFFER, RJ SPELMAN, MJ AF MANABE, S STOUFFER, RJ SPELMAN, MJ TI RESPONSE OF A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL TO INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL CLIMATE; INTERHEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY; TRANSIENT RESPONSES; CO2 CONCENTRATION; GRADUAL CHANGES; SENSITIVITY AB This study investigates the response of a climate model to a 1% per year increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The model is a general circulation model of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land surface system, with a global computational domain, smoothed geography, and seasonal variation of insolation. The simulated increase of sea-surface temperature is very slow in the northern North Atlantic and the Circumpolar Ocean of the Southern Hemisphere where the vertical mixing of water penetrates very deeply and the rate of deep water formation is relatively fast. Extending this work, we investigated the transient responses of the coupled model to the doubling and quadrupling of atmospheric CO2, over the period of several centuries. During the entire 500-yr period of the experiment, the global mean surface air temperature increases almost 3.5-degrees-C when CO2 is doubled, and 7-degrees-C when it is quadrupled. In the latter experiment, the thermal structure and dynamics of the model oceans undergo drastic changes, such as cessation of the thermohaline circulation in most of the model oceans, and substantial deepening of thethermocline, especially in the North Atlantic. These changes prevent the ventilation of the deeper layer of the oceans and, if they occurred in reality, could have a profound impact on the carbon cycle and biogeochemistry of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. RP MANABE, S (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NA336 UT WOS:A1994NA33600008 ER PT J AU GUFFEY, SE BARNEA, N AF GUFFEY, SE BARNEA, N TI EFFECTS OF FACE VELOCITY, FLANGES, AND MANNIKIN POSITION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A BENCHTOP ENCLOSING HOOD IN THE ABSENCE OF CROSS-DRAFTS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FUME AB gAlthough enclosing hoods are often deemed the most effective type for industrial processes, there is little published research concerning simple enclosing hoods similar to those used in industry. This study investigated the effects of face velocity, mannikin position, and flange angle on exposure to a mannikin standing at the face of an industrial benchtop enclosing hood. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was released at low velocity inside a plain enclosing hood located on a tabletop. Plastic tubing transported sampled air from the breathing zone (BZ) and other sample sites to an infrared spectrophotometer. For some tests an anthropometrically scaled, 1.02 m (40 in.) mannikin stood in front of the hood opening with its al ms straight; for others the mannikin was bent forward with its hands on each side of the source in a ''working'' position. Flange conditions were either none or a flange with a 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, or 90 degrees angle to the plane of the hood. Face velocities were varied from 0.30 to 0.86 m/sec (60 to 170 ft/min). Cross-draft velocities were random iii direction and less than 0.05 m/sec (10 ft/min). The results demonstrated the great importance of face velocity. BZ exposure was greatest at the lowest face velocity (0.3 m/sec) and decreased dramatically as velocity increased. Other variables were of lesser importance. BZ exposure was higher in the ''working'' than in the ''straight'' mannikin posture. Flange taper angle was statistically significant but confounded by the gap between the mannikin tor-so and the edge of the flange. The ''no-flange'' conditions, however, produced the lowest exposures in every comparison with other flanges. C1 NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP GUFFEY, SE (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SC-34,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 55 IS 2 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<0132:EOFVFA>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MV494 UT WOS:A1994MV49400007 ER PT J AU WALTER, FM VRBA, FJ MATHIEU, RD BROWN, A MYERS, PC AF WALTER, FM VRBA, FJ MATHIEU, RD BROWN, A MYERS, PC TI X-RAY SOURCES IN REGIONS OF STAR-FORMATION .5. THE LOW-MASS STARS OF THE UPPER SCORPIUS ASSOCIATION SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; OPHIUCHI DARK CLOUD; SOLAR-TYPE STARS; EINSTEIN OBSERVATIONS; LITHIUM ABUNDANCES; RADIAL-VELOCITIES; ORIONIS REGION; STANDARD STARS; SPECTRAL TYPES AB We report followup investigations of Einstein x-ray observations of the Upper Scorpius OB association. We identify 28 low mass pre-main-sequence stars as counterparts of x-ray sources in the approximate to 7 square degrees of the OB association observed. Based on kinematics and lithium abundances, these stars are low mass members of the OB association. We use optical spectra and optical and near-IR photometry to determine the stellar luminosities, effective temperatures, masses, and ages. We show that the bolometric corrections and effective temperatures of the G and K stars are consistent with those of subgiants. The low mass stars have isochronal ages of 1-2 Myr, depending on the choice of evolutionary models, with very small dispersion (sigma approximate to 1 Myr). This age is significantly younger than the 5-6 Myr found for the more massive B stars. The small dispersion in stellar ages, less than 10% the sound-crossing time of the association, suggests that star formation was triggered. We present two scenarios for star formation in this association. In the two-episode scenario, formation of the low mass stars was triggered by a supernova explosion, and the low mass stars form quickly, with high efficiency. Alternatively, high and low mass star formation was all initiated at the same time, some 5-6 Myr ago, and the apparent systematic age difference is an artifact of how the isochrones are dated. The effect of the supernova is to terminate mass accretion and yield an apparently coeval population. We show that the incompleteness in the x-ray sampling is about 65%, and is strongly dependent on stellar mass. After correction for incompleteness, we estimate there are about 2000 low mass members (M < 2M(.)) of this association. The mass function in this association is indistinguishable from that of the field. The ratio of naked to classical T Tauri stars is much larger than in Tau-Aur, and may be attributable to the local environment. We also present observations of eight ROX sources associated with the rho Oph cloud, and observations of non-PMS stars in our fields. C1 US NAVAL OBSERV,FLAGSTAFF STN,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86002. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706. HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WALTER, FM (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. NR 124 TC 150 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 107 IS 2 BP 692 EP 719 DI 10.1086/116889 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MU144 UT WOS:A1994MU14400026 ER PT J AU GUDEL, M AF GUDEL, M TI QUIESCENT MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM LATE-TYPE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Astronomical-Union Colloquium 142 CY JAN 11-15, 1993 CL COLL PK, MD SP INT ASTRON UNION DE ACCELERATION OF PARTICLES; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, CORONAE; STARS, LATE-TYPE; STARS, MAGNETIC FIELDS ID RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; X-RAY-EMISSION; YZ-CANIS-MINORIS; RHO-OPHIUCHI CLOUD; T-TAURI STARS; POLARIZATION VLBI OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-CONTINUUM EMISSION; ACTIVE BINARY-SYSTEMS; FLARE STARS; CVN BINARIES AB A diversity of stellar classes has been detected to be prolific sources of low-level, ''quiescent'' microwave radiation. This emission is, in most cases, attributed to the persistent presence of mildly relativistic electrons in the coronae. Frequent or continuous particle acceleration is required to maintain a high level of gyrosynchrotron emission. In this paper, observations relevant to our understanding of quiescent microwave emission from stars are reviewed, with emphasis on nondegenerate, late-type stars. Though the nature of the acceleration process remains unknown, a large amount of crucial information is presently available, in particular observations of timescales of slow variations, estimates of particle energies, model calculations based on spectral observations, and correlative studies with soft X-ray emission. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GUDEL, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 139 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 90 IS 2 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1086/191899 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MT954 UT WOS:A1994MT95400032 ER PT J AU SIKORA, M AF SIKORA, M TI HIGH-ENERGY RADIATION FROM ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Astronomical-Union Colloquium 142 CY JAN 11-15, 1993 CL COLL PK, MD SP INT ASTRON UNION DE GALAXIES, ACTIVE; GALAXIES, NUCLEI; RADIATION MECHANISMS, NONTHERMAL ID X-RAY-SPECTRA; EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACCRETION DISKS; BLACK-HOLES; RELATIVISTIC PROTONS; ULTRAVIOLET EXCESS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; EGRET TELESCOPE; COMPACT SOURCES; PAIR PRODUCTION AB Two recent findings concerning high-energy radiation properties of active galactic nuclei-discovery of breaks in hard X-ray spectra of Seyfert galaxies, and discovery of huge fluxes of hard gamma rays from blazars-seem to press us to change our standard views about radiation production in these objects. I review briefly the existing radiation models, confront them with the newest observations, and discuss newly emerging theoretical pictures which attempt to account for the discoveries. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. RP SIKORA, M (reprint author), POLISH ACAD SCI,N COPERNICUS ASTRON CTR,WARSAW,POLAND. NR 97 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 90 IS 2 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.1086/191926 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MT954 UT WOS:A1994MT95400059 ER PT J AU BULLOCK, OR AF BULLOCK, OR TI A COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT METHOD FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SUB-GRID-SCALE PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY FOR SULFUR WET REMOVAL ESTIMATES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE WET DEPOSITION; WET REMOVAL FRACTION; SUB-GRID-SCALE ANALYSIS; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS; REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION MODEL AB The Regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution (RELMAP) is a mass-conserving, Lagrangian puff model that simulates the concentration and deposition of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate (SO4(2-)) over the eastern United States of America and southeastern Canada. In 1986, a model evaluation showed that the RELMAP overestimated total sulfur wet deposition for the warm seasons by 25-35%, partly due to sub-grid-scale variability in the observed precipitation fields. Refinement of the model grid to fully resolve the precipitation observation network would increase the computational requirements of the model to unacceptable levels. Instead, a new parameterization for the wet removal fraction was implemented in hopes of reducing the model's sensitivity to precipitation variability. The effects of observed sub-grid-scale precipitation variability on SO2 and SO4(2-) wet removal in the original and updated RELMAP have been isolated and analysed. Spatial averaging of precipitation to the length scales of the RELMAP grid (approximately 100 km) is shown to increase SO4(2-) wet removal fractions by as much as 400% over those obtained from individual observations. A method of Categorized Event Distribution (CED) analysis has been developed to characterize sub-grid-scale variability so that more accurate estimates of wet deposition may be made while preserving the ability of the RELMAP to be intensively applied on modest computing facilities. The use of CED analysis of precipitation in the current version of RELMAP is shown to systematically reduce monthly domain total sulfur wet deposition estimates by 6-12%, demonstrating that sub-grid-scale precipitation variability must still be addressed. CED analysis offers the numerical modeler the ability to characterize sub-grid-scale variabilities that might otherwise preclude the use of scientifically valid relationships between observed phenomena. RP BULLOCK, OR (reprint author), NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 555 EP 566 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90131-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NR213 UT WOS:A1994NR21300014 ER PT J AU KASIANOWICZ, JJ AF KASIANOWICZ, JJ TI VOLTAGE-DEPENDENT GATING KINETICS OF THE ALPHA-TOXIN ION-CHANNEL ARE MODULATED BY CHANGES IN IONIC-STRENGTH SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A430 EP A430 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46202498 ER PT J AU KASIANOWICZ, JJ BRUTYAN, RA VODYANOY, I BEZRUKOV, SM AF KASIANOWICZ, JJ BRUTYAN, RA VODYANOY, I BEZRUKOV, SM TI NOISE-INDUCED BY DIFFERENTLY SIZED POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOLS SHOWS INTERACTION OF POLYMER WITH THE ALPHA-TOXIN ION-CHANNEL SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. ONR,ARLINGTON,VA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP A214 EP A214 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA MU462 UT WOS:A1994MU46201247 ER PT J AU WAKIMOTO, RM BLACK, PG AF WAKIMOTO, RM BLACK, PG TI DAMAGE SURVEY OF HURRICANE-ANDREW AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE EYEWALL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MATURE HURRICANES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; TORNADOES; LANDFALL; DOWNBURSTS AB A damage map documenting Hurricane Andrew's destructive landfall over southern Florida is presented. Vectors that represent the direction of winds causing damage to trees and structures are shown along with an F-scale rating in order to assess the strength of the near-surface winds. It is hypothesized that increased surface roughness once the hurricane made landfall may have contributed to a surface wind enhancement resulting in the strongest winds ever estimated (F3) for a landfall hurricane. This intense damage occurred primarily during the 'second' period of strong winds associated with the east side of the eyewall. For the first time, a well-defined circulation in the damage pattern by the second wind was documented. A superposition of radar data from Miami and Key West on top of the damage map provides the first detailed examination of the relationship between the eyewall and the surface flow field as estimated from the damage vectors. C1 NOAA,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP WAKIMOTO, RM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,405 HILGARD AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 36 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0189:DSOHAA>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY528 UT WOS:A1994MY52800001 ER PT J AU POLGER, PD GOLDSMITH, BS PRZYWARTY, RC BOCCHIERI, JR AF POLGER, PD GOLDSMITH, BS PRZYWARTY, RC BOCCHIERI, JR TI NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE WARNING PERFORMANCE-BASED ON THE WSR-88D SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The National Weather Service (NWS) began operational use of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1 988 Doppler (WSR-88D) system in March 1991 at Norman, Oklahoma. WSR-88D data have been available to forecasters at five additional offices: Melbourne, Florida, and Sterling, Virginia (since January 1992); St. Louis, Missouri, and Dodge City, Kansas (since March 1992); and Houston, Texas (since April 1992). The performance of the severe local storm and flash flood warning programs at the six offices before and after the availability of the WSR-88D was measured quantitatively. The verification procedures and statistical measures used in the quantitative evaluation were those used operationally by the NWS. The statistics show that the warnings improved dramatically when the WSR-88D was in operation. Specifically, the probability of detection of severe weather events increased and the number of false alarms decreased. There was also a marked improvement in the lead time for all severe local storm and flash flood events. These improvements were evident throughout the effective range of the radar. Stratification of severe local storm data by severe thunderstorms versus tornadoes revealed an improvement in the NWS's ability to differentiate between tornadic and nontornadic storms when the WSR-88D was in operation. Four individual cases are examined to illustrate how forecasters used the WSR-88D to achieve the improved results. These cases focus on the unique features of the WSR-88D that provide an advantage over conventional NWS radars. RP POLGER, PD (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV OFF METEOROL,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 4 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0203:NWSWPB>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY528 UT WOS:A1994MY52800002 ER PT J AU SNODGRASS, RJ AF SNODGRASS, RJ TI WIND MEASUREMENT AND ARCHIVAL UNDER THE AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) - USER CONCERNS AND OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVEMENT - COMMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter RP SNODGRASS, RJ (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY528 UT WOS:A1994MY52800007 ER PT J AU POWELL, MD AF POWELL, MD TI WIND MEASUREMENT AND ARCHIVAL UNDER THE AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) - USER CONCERNS AND OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVEMENT - REPLY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Letter RP POWELL, MD (reprint author), NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 75 IS 2 BP 260 EP 261 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MY528 UT WOS:A1994MY52800008 ER PT J AU CESSARO, RK AF CESSARO, RK TI SOURCES OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MICROSEISMS SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOTION; ARRAY; NOISE; HZ AB Low-frequency (0.01 to 0.2 Hz) seismic noise, arising from pelagic storms, is commonly observed as microseisms in seismic records from land and ocean bottom detectors. One principal research objective, in the study of microseisms, has been to locate their sources. This article reports on an analysis of primary and secondary microseisms (i.e., near and double the frequency of ocean swell) recorded simultaneously on three land-based long-period arrays (Alaskan Long Period Array, Montana Large Aperture Seismic Array, and Norwegian Seismic Array) during the early 1970s. Reliable microseism source locations are determined by wide-angle triangulation, using the azimuths of approach obtained from frequency-wave number analysis of the records of microseisms propagating across these arrays. Two near-shore sources of both primary and secondary microseisms appear to be persistent in the sense that they are associated with essentially constant near-shore locations. Secondary microseisms are observed to emanate from wide-ranging pelagic locations in addition to the same near-shore locations determined for the primary microseisms. RP CESSARO, RK (reprint author), PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CTR,91-270 FT WEAVER RD,EWA BEACH,HI 96706, USA. NR 38 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MZ183 UT WOS:A1994MZ18300011 ER PT J AU THOMSON, KA INGRAHAM, WJ HEALEY, MC LEBLOND, PH GROOT, C HEALEY, CG AF THOMSON, KA INGRAHAM, WJ HEALEY, MC LEBLOND, PH GROOT, C HEALEY, CG TI COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE OF OCEAN CURRENTS ON FRASER-RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA) RETURN TIMES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MIGRATION AB We hypothesized that the interannual variability of the northeast Pacific Ocean circulation affects the return times of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Homeward migrations were simulated for 1982 (with a relatively weak Alaska Gyre circulation) and 1983 (with a relatively strong circulation) in the context of three sequential return migration phases: a nondirected oceanic phase, a directed oceanic phase, and a directed coastal phase. Passive drifters were simulated to examine the influence of ocean currents during the nondirected oceanic phase: model fish south of 48-degrees-N were advected closer to Vancouver Island in 1983 compared with 1982; those north of 48-degrees-N were advected closer to Vancouver Island in 1982 than in 1983. Fish were simulated during the directed oceanic phase using a variety of behaviour scenarios: model fish starting south of 50-degrees-N had earlier return times in 1983 than in 1982; those starting north of 50-degrees-N had return times in 1983 that were generally the same as or later than in 1982. We inferred that ocean currents would modulate the environmental influences on return times during the directed coastal. migration phase, by deflecting sockeye salmon into different oceanographic domains along the British Columbia coast. C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT OCEANOG,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,WESTWATER RES CTR,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z2,BC,CANADA. FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,FISHERIES RES BRANCH,NANAIMO V9R 5K6,BC,CANADA. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT COMP SCI,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z2,BC,CANADA. RP THOMSON, KA (reprint author), UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,CTR FISHERIES,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 51 IS 2 BP 441 EP 449 DI 10.1139/f94-046 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NH233 UT WOS:A1994NH23300022 ER PT J AU BAKER, JD FOWLER, CW ANTONELIS, GA AF BAKER, JD FOWLER, CW ANTONELIS, GA TI MASS CHANGE IN FASTING IMMATURE MALE NORTHERN FUR SEALS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS AB Immature male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) lost an estimated 20-30% of their body mass while fasting during the breeding season on St. Paul Island, Alaska. This is somewhat less than the mass loss reported for territorial adult male pinnipeds. During fasting, absolute rates of mass change (averaging -0.68 kg.day(-1)) were positively correlated with initial mass. Mass-specific rate of change (averaging 2%.day(-1)) did not vary with age or initial mass. Although they lose large amounts of mass while fasting, immature male fur seals achieve a net increase in mass during the breeding season by making feeding trips to sea. We postulate that the capability for prolonged fasting in immature males facilitates the development of social and sexual skills that are Likely to increase future reproductive success. RP NOAA, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 2 BP 326 EP 329 DI 10.1139/z94-045 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA NR012 UT WOS:A1994NR01200020 ER PT J AU ULBRECHT, JJ EDGERLY, DE AF ULBRECHT, JJ EDGERLY, DE TI THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN THE MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT - LECTURE TO THE WORLD FORUM ON TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER, FOTET93 (PRAGUE, SEPTEMBER 1993) SO CHEMICKE LISTY LA Czech DT Article AB The article describes the procedure of the Precommercial Research and Development in the USA. RP ULBRECHT, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHEMICKE LISTY PI PRAGUE 6 PA PELLEOVA 24, PRAGUE 6, CZECH REPUBLIC 160 00 SN 0009-2770 J9 CHEM LISTY JI Chem. Listy PD FEB PY 1994 VL 88 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MZ193 UT WOS:A1994MZ19300006 ER PT J AU HARKEY, GA LANDRUM, PF KLAINE, SJ AF HARKEY, GA LANDRUM, PF KLAINE, SJ TI PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS OF HYDROPHOBIC CONTAMINANTS IN NATURAL-WATER, POREWATER, AND ELUTRIATES OBTAINED FROM DOSED SEDIMENT - A COMPARISON OF METHODOLOGIES SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; BIOAVAILABILITY; POLLUTANTS; AMPHIPOD; TOXICITY; BINDING AB Partitioning of organic contaminants in elutriates, porewater, and lake water was compared using four methods: XAD-4 resin columns, equilibrium dialysis, and centrifugation and filtration with subsequent C-18 reverse phase column separation. In addition, possible changes in partitioning with sediment aging and during bioaccumulation assays were examined. Centrifugation with C-18 separation produced the most consistent partition coefficients. Partition coefficients from filtration and centrifugation methods compared favorably with previously published data. Contaminant partitioning did not change during 96-h exposures in bioassays, and partitioning of contaminants in porewater and elutriates did not follow a linear trend with the amount of sediment aging or manipulation. The contaminant partitioning apparently depends on characteristics of the contaminant as well as contaminant-associated media composition. C1 NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA. CLEMSON UNIV, INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL, PENDLETON, SC 29670 USA. RP HARKEY, GA (reprint author), CLEMSON UNIV, DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL, PENDLETON, SC 29670 USA. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90300-X PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MZ350 UT WOS:A1994MZ35000012 ER PT J AU HARKEY, GA LANDRUM, PF KLAINE, SJ AF HARKEY, GA LANDRUM, PF KLAINE, SJ TI PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF FEEDING DURING WHOLE SEDIMENT BIOASSAYS USING CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS LARVAE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TOXICITY TESTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; INVERTEBRATES AB Current protocols for freshwater sediment bioassays require feeding, which will likely alter the exposure to sediment-associated contaminants. To determine the potential change in exposure brought about by adding uncontaminated food, whole sediment contaminant bioaccumulation by the midge, Chironomus riparius, was determined in the presence and absence of added food. Lake Michigan sediment was dosed with radiolabeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and/or DDT and trans-chlordane. Three groups of organisms (Feeding Levels I and II plus a control) were exposed in static assays. After two-, four-, seven-, and ten-day exposures, individual larvae were analyzed for contaminant concentration, mass, and total lipid content. After 7 to 10 days. accumulation of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene was significantly greater with feeding, while larvae exposed to chrysene accumulated significantly less contaminant when fed, compared to controls. No feeding-related differences in accumulation of the two insecticides were observed. Significant differences in larval mass between test animals and controls were observed only with pyrene-dosed sediment. Larval lipid content tended to remain constant throughout the exposures and did not differ between fed and unfed organisms. Thus, it appears that contaminant bioavailability can be altered by the addition of uncontaminated food. However, this phenomenon appears to be compound-specific and not broadly predictable. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,INST WILDLIFE & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PENDLETON,SC 29670. RP HARKEY, GA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. RI Klaine, Stephen/C-5352-2011 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90301-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MZ350 UT WOS:A1994MZ35000013 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, LL LANDAHL, JT AF JOHNSON, LL LANDAHL, JT TI CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS, LIVER-DISEASE, AND MORTALITY-RATES IN ENGLISH SOLE (PLEURONECTES VETULUS) SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINANTS; DISEASE; ENGLISH SOLE; FISH POPULATION MODELS; MORTALITY; NEOPLASMS; POLLUTION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON; SURVIVAL; TOXICANT-RELATED DEATHS ID PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; PUGET-SOUND; HEPATIC-LESIONS; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE FISH; WASHINGTON; NEOPLASMS; POPULATIONS; EXPOSURE AB Previous studies have shown that exposure to chemical contaminants is associated with a variety of disease conditions in feral fish. However, relatively little is known about the effects of toxicopathic disease or other types of impairment associated with chronic exposure to environmental contaminants on fish mortality rates. In this study, annual mortality rates were estimated in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) from heavily and minimally contaminated areas in Puget Sound (Washington state), and in sole with and without selected hepatic lesions, including neoplasms. Mortality rates were determined using catch curve analysis and linear regression techniques. For English sole 3 yr of age and above from urban and non-urban areas of Puget Sound combined, the annual mortality rate was 0.38. This estimate is similar to published mortality rates for English sole from northern Puget Sound and other flatfish species from the North Sea, Grand Banks, and western Canada. Mortality rates in sole from heavily contaminated sites or in sole with toxicopathic liver lesions were not significantly higher than those for English sole from Puget Sound as a whole. These findings suggest that although toxicant-related death due to disease or other impairment may contribute to mortality rates in English sole, at least in older animals, its impact appears to be overridden by other factors that could deplete English sole populations, such as fishing pressure, predation, or fluctuations in food supply. The major impact of chronic exposure to environmental contaminants may be on reproductive capacity, egg and larval viability, and survival of juveniles rather than on survival of adults. RP JOHNSON, LL (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 4 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.2307/1942115 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MU605 UT WOS:A1994MU60500007 ER PT J AU SOGARD, SM OLLA, BL AF SOGARD, SM OLLA, BL TI THE POTENTIAL FOR INTRACOHORT CANNIBALISM IN AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA, AS DETERMINED UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE FISH BEHAVIOR; PISCIVORY; GADIDAE ID EASTERN BERING SEA; SIZE; BASS; SURVIVAL; PREDATOR; ECOLOGY; LARVAE; GROWTH; PIKE AB In laboratory experiments, we tested the capability of larger age-0 walleye pollock to consume smaller members of their cohort. In separate aquaria, 81 pairs of juveniles covering a wide range of size differences (total lengths differing by 12 to 61 mm) were held and monitored over a 4 day period. Complete consumption, in which a smaller fish was swallowed whole by a larger fish, occurred 11% of the time. In 36% of the pairs, attacks by the larger fish resulted in mortality of the smaller fish. The mouth width:body depth ratio between the larger and smaller fish of a pair differed significantly depending on whether the smaller fish survived, was killed but not consumed, or was ingested whole by the larger fish. Cannibalistic individuals could consume fish close to the maximum size physically possible under gape limitation; at this size the length of the cannibal was approximately 1.7 times the length of the prey. Length-frequency distributions of age-0 pollock in field concentrations suggested that, at least in some geographical areas, potential cannibals and prey commonly co-occur. Unsuccessful predatory attacks by larger individuals may have additional detrimental effects on smaller pollock in natural populations. RP SOGARD, SM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1007/BF00004936 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MX384 UT WOS:A1994MX38400010 ER PT J AU MYERS, MS STEHR, CM OLSON, OP JOHNSON, LL MCCAIN, BB CHAN, SL VARANASI, U AF MYERS, MS STEHR, CM OLSON, OP JOHNSON, LL MCCAIN, BB CHAN, SL VARANASI, U TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOXICOPATHIC HEPATIC-LESIONS AND EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS IN ENGLISH SOLE (PLEURONECTES-VETULUS), STARRY FLOUNDER (PLATICHTHYS-STELLATUS), AND WHITE CROAKER (GENYONEMUS-LINEATUS) FROM SELECTED MARINE SITES ON THE PACIFIC COAST, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; FISH HEPATIC LESIONS; HISTOPATHOLOGY ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; MICROGADUS-TOMCOD WALBAUM; PUGET-SOUND; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; TOXIC-CHEMICALS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; WINTER FLOUNDER; BOSTON HARBOR AB Relationships between hepatic lesions and chemical contaminant concentrations in sediments, stomach contents, liver tissue, and bile were statistically evaluated in three species of bottomfish, English sole (Pleuro-nectes vetulus), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), captured from 27 urban and nonurban sites on the Pacific Coast from Alaska to southern California. Lesions detected were neoplasms, preneoplastic foci of cellular alteration, nonneoplastic proliferative lesions, unique or specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, nonspecific degenerative/necrotic lesions, and hydropic vacuolation of biliary epithelial cells and hepatocytes. In general, lesion prevalences were significantly higher in all three species captured at chemically contaminated urban sites, and certain lesions had significantly higher relative risks of occurrence at urban sites in Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, the vicinity of Los Angeles, and San Diego Bay. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT and its derivatives, and chlordanes and dieldrin in sediment, stomach contents, liver, and fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile were significant risk factors for the occurrence of neoplastic, preneoplastic, nonneoplastic proliferative, and specific degenerative/necrotic lesions, as well as hydropic vacuolation. Fish age also had a significant influence on occurrence of several hepatic lesions, but gender was rarely a significant risk factor. These relationships provide strong evidence for the involvement of environmental contaminants in the etiology of hepatic lesions in several marine bottomfish species and clearly indicate the utility of these lesions as biomarkers of contaminant induced effects in wild fish. RP MYERS, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 116 TC 111 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 102 IS 2 BP 200 EP 215 DI 10.2307/3431612 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NC418 UT WOS:A1994NC41800016 PM 8033852 ER PT J AU HELSER, TE GEAGHAN, JP CONDREY, RE AF HELSER, TE GEAGHAN, JP CONDREY, RE TI ESTIMATING SIZE COMPOSITION AND ASSOCIATED VARIANCES OF A FISH POPULATION FROM GILLNET SELECTIVITY, WITH AN EXAMPLE FOR SPOTTED SEA-TROUT (CYNOSCION-NEBULOSUS) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB We Present a method of estimating the corrected size composition and associated variances of a fish population as a companion paper to a recently developed method of estimating gillnet selectivity which uses a non-linear iterative least-squares approach. In this paper, we present a modification to the selectivity equation used in an earlier approach which reduces heterogeneous error variance. Non-linear least-squares parameter estimates are used to estimate the population size composition corrected for the effects of mesh selectivity and a procedure is described to estimate their variances. We applied the selectivity model and variance estimation procedure to the experimental gillnet catches of spotted seatrout from 1988 to 1990 and examined model selection parameter estimates, corrected population size compositions, and their variances. Likelihood ratio tests indicated that model selection parameter estimates were significantly different between the sexes (P < 0.01), suggesting that factors which affect the selection process may differ between the sexes. Corrected size compositions for female and male spotted seatrout population were found to differ substantially from the observed catch frequencies, indicating negative bias for smallest size classes. Variability associated with corrected size composition estimates, as expressed by 95% confidence intervals, indicated that in general, precision associated with those quantities is good. RP HELSER, TE (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 86 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(94)90015-9 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MY252 UT WOS:A1994MY25200005 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JH AF BUTLER, JH TI THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THE OCEAN IN REGULATING ATMOSPHERIC CH3BR SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE; RATES AB An increase or decrease in anthropogenic emissions of methyl bromide (CH3Br) will induce a compensating flux of this gas from the ocean to the atmosphere. This, in turn, will tend to lessen the expected change in atmospheric mixing ratio from that calculated in models that incorporate a constant oceanic source. To a first degree, this buffering effect by the ocean is independent of in situ oceanic production and land based sources. The partial lifetime of atmospheric CH3Br with respect to the ocean could reasonably range from 1.3 to 14 y, with a current best estimate of 3.7 y. This yields an effective atmospheric lifetime, which incorporates oceanic losses and thus can be used in simple, mass balance calculations of atmospheric CH3Br, of 1.2 y, with a probable range of 0.7 to 1.8 y. RP BUTLER, JH (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 28 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 185 EP 188 DI 10.1029/94GL00071 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MX709 UT WOS:A1994MX70900007 ER PT J AU KOMHYR, WD GRASS, RD EVANS, RD LEONARD, RK QUINCY, DM AF KOMHYR, WD GRASS, RD EVANS, RD LEONARD, RK QUINCY, DM TI UNPRECEDENTED 1993 OZONE DECREASE OVER THE UNITED-STATES FROM DOBSON SPECTROPHOTOMETER OBSERVATIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Dobson spectrophotometer observations conducted since the early-to-mid 1960s at Bismarck, North Dakota; Canbou, Maine; Boulder, Colorado; Wallops Island, Virginia; Nashville, Tennessee; and at Fresno, California, since 1983, have revealed record low total ozone values during 1993. The tendency toward the low ozone values began in May 1992, but accelerated in early 1993. During January-August 1993, ozone monthly means at the stations were more than 2 standard deviations below long-term normal monthly means 72% of the time and more than 3 standard deviations below normals 42% of the time, On average, the January-April 1993 ozone values were 12.6% below normal, with ozone deficits as large as 18% observed at Caribou and Wallops Island in January. Of particular concern are unusually low ozone values that occur in summertime when solar ultraviolet insolation is high. Such record lows occurred at four of the six stations (Caribou, Wallops Island, Fresno, and Nashville). During May-August 1993, ozone was on average 8.5% below normal at these sites. Monthly means at these stations were, furthermore, lower on average by 3.7% than corresponding lowest values observed there in the past. The ozone decrease of 12.6% below normal at the six continental Dobson instrument stations during the winter and spring months of 1993 implies a possible average increase in UV erythemal radiation at that time of 16-25% above normal. The 8.5% decrease in ozone at Caribou, Wallops Island, Fresno, and Nashville, implies that on average, UV erythemal radiation may have been higher than normal at these stations during the summer of 1993 by 11 - 17%. C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KOMHYR, WD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016 OI Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769 NR 5 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1029/93GL03546 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MX709 UT WOS:A1994MX70900011 ER PT J AU PLANET, WG LIENESCH, JH MILLER, AJ NAGATANI, R MCPETERS, RD HILSENRATH, E CEBULA, RP DELAND, MT WELLEMEYER, CG HORVATH, K AF PLANET, WG LIENESCH, JH MILLER, AJ NAGATANI, R MCPETERS, RD HILSENRATH, E CEBULA, RP DELAND, MT WELLEMEYER, CG HORVATH, K TI NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE TOTAL OZONE VALUES FROM 1989-1993 DETERMINED WITH THE NOAA-11 SOLAR BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET (SBUV/2) INSTRUMENT SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Determinations of global total ozone amounts have been made from recently reprocessed measurements with the SBUV/2 on the NOAA-11 environmental satellite since January 1989. This data set employs a new algorithm and an updated calibration. Comparisons with total ozone amounts derived from a significant subset of the global network of Dobson spectrophotometers shows a 0.3% bias between the satellite and ground measurements for the period January 1989-May 1993. Comparisons with the data from individual stations exhibit differing degrees of agreement which could be due to the matchup procedures and also to the uncertainties in the Dobson data. The SBUV/2 data set discussed here traces the Northern Hemisphere total ozone from 1989 to the present, showing a marked decrease from the average of those years starting in the summer of 1992 and continuing into 1993, with an apparent returning to more normal levels in late 1993. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20771. SMSRC,BOWIE,MD 20715. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. NOAA,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. NOAA,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RI McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013 OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462 NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1029/93GL03420 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MX709 UT WOS:A1994MX70900012 ER PT J AU PIERCE, RB GROSE, WL RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF AF PIERCE, RB GROSE, WL RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF TI EVOLUTION OF SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE SPRING AIR MASSES OBSERVED BY HALOE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The evolution of Southern Hemisphere air masses observed by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) during September 21 through October 15, 1992, is investigated using isentropic trajectories computed from United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) assimilated winds and temperatures. Maps of constituent concentrations are obtained by accumulation of air masses from previous HALOE occultations. Lagged correlations between initial and subsequent HALOE observations of the same air mass are used to validate the air mass trajectories. High correlations are found for lag times as large as 10 days. Frequency distributions of the air mass constituent concentrations are used to examine constituent distributions in and around the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP PIERCE, RB (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MAILSTOP 401B,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538 NR 7 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 DI 10.1029/93GL02997 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MX709 UT WOS:A1994MX70900014 ER PT J AU GOSLING, JT BAME, SJ MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL SCIME, EE PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE BALOGH, A AF GOSLING, JT BAME, SJ MCCOMAS, DJ PHILLIPS, JL SCIME, EE PIZZO, VJ GOLDSTEIN, BE BALOGH, A TI A FORWARD-REVERSE SHOCK PAIR IN THE SOLAR-WIND DRIVEN BY OVER-EXPANSION OF A CORONAL MASS EJECTION - ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PIONEER-10; LOOP; 1-AU AB A previously unidentified type of solar wind forward-reverse shock pair has been observed by Ulysses at 4.64 AU and S32.5-degrees. In contrast to most solar wind forward-reverse shock pairs, which are driven by the speed difference between fast solar wind plasma and slower plasma ahead, this particular shock pair was driven purely by the over-expansion of a coronal mass ejection, CME, in transit from the Sun. A simple numerical simulation indicates that the overexpansion was a result of a high initial internal plasma and magnetic field pressure within the CME. The CME observed at 4.64 AU had the internal field structure of a magnetic flux rope. This event was associated with a solar disturbance in which new magnetic loops formed in the corona almost directly beneath Ulysses approximately 11 days earlier. This association suggests that the flux rope was created as a result of reconnection between the ''legs'' of neighboring magnetic loops within the rising CME. C1 NOAA,SEL,BOULDER,CO 80303. SAN JUAN INST,SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO,CA. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,BLACKETT LAB,LONDON SW7 2BZ,ENGLAND. RP GOSLING, JT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D466,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 20 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1029/94GL00001 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MX709 UT WOS:A1994MX70900020 ER PT J AU CHURNSIDE, JH AF CHURNSIDE, JH TI IMAGE JITTER, BLUR, AND SCINTILLATION REGARDING THE RETINAL HAZARDS OF LASERS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RADIATION, NONIONIZING; LASERS; OPTICS; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AB The statistics of position and size of the image of a laser source observed through refractive turbulence in the atmosphere were measured using a simulated human retina. Both 3-mm and 7-mm apertures were used with a variety of propagation conditions. No significant effects of image broadening or motion were observed. Consequently, such effects cannot be depended on to mitigate scintillation hazards. RP CHURNSIDE, JH (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, WAVE PROPAGAT LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 66 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.1097/00004032-199402000-00005 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA MT152 UT WOS:A1994MT15200005 PM 8282556 ER PT J AU BURR, WE QIAN, XM VAMAN, D AF BURR, WE QIAN, XM VAMAN, D TI A COMPARISON OF FDDI ASYNCHRONOUS MODE AND DQDB QUEUE ARBITRATED MODE DATA-TRANSMISSION FOR METROPOLITAN-AREA NETWORK APPLICATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; PROTOCOL AB The performance of the FDDI token ring and IEEE 802.6 DQDB protocols are compared using discrete event simulation models. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) of 100 km and with 50 stations was modeled. A 100 Mbps channel is used for both networks, with a traffic model with large (1 kbyte) low priority packets and smaller (100 byte) high priority packets. The delay and fairness characteristics of both networks are analyzed. The simulations show that FDDI has advantages in fairness and maximum capacity, while DQDB offers lower delay at all except very heavy loads and has a stronger priority mechanism. C1 STEVENS INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030. RP BURR, WE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD FEB-APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 1758 EP 1768 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.1994.582884 PN 3 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA NN186 UT WOS:A1994NN18600042 ER PT J AU QIAN, XM KUMAR, S VAMAN, D WAKID, S CYPHER, D AF QIAN, XM KUMAR, S VAMAN, D WAKID, S CYPHER, D TI PROVISION OF ISOCHRONOUS SERVICE ON IEEE-802.6 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article AB This paper concentrates on the provision of isochronous services to users via the existing IEEE 802.6 framework using Q.931 as the signalling protocol for providing call control functions. We present possible scenarios of isochronous service provisioning via the IEEE 802.6 network. Real time performance for call setup procedures is simulated and analyzed with different priority schemes for transferring signalling messages. The results show that using a prioritized Queue Arbitrated (QA) bandwidth to send signalling messages greatly reduces call setup delay. Call setup delays are determined using both Poisson-type and bursty type data traffic models. The positioning of the Bandwidth Manager, the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) server and the Q.931 Signalling Termination is shown to influence call setup performance. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,DIV ADV SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ADV COMMUN GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP QIAN, XM (reprint author), STEVENS INST TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,INFORMAT NETWORKS & MEDIA SYST LAB,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0090-6778 J9 IEEE T COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Commun. PD FEB-APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2-4 BP 1778 EP 1784 DI 10.1109/TCOMM.1994.582886 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA NN186 UT WOS:A1994NN18600044 ER PT J AU MOPSIK, FI AF MOPSIK, FI TI STABILITY OF A NUMERICAL LAPLACE TRANSFORM FOR DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article AB The stability of a numerical Laplace transform used to convert time-domain dielectric loss data into the frequency domain is examined. It is shown that for a transform using cubic spline integration, cubic least squares interpolation over piecewise linearly sampled data and proper endpoint continuations, the uncertainty in the data transformed into the frequency domain is comparable to that of the original data. Specific topics covered include the effect of finite numeric precision of the data, noise spikes and data extrapolation. An analytic expression in terms of modified Bessel functions is developed to estimate the degree of polynomial needed to fit an exponential over a finite range in time. This last development is used to show that a low polynomial degree is needed for a ratio of final to starting time of less than two. RP MOPSIK, FI (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1109/94.300226 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA NK895 UT WOS:A1994NK89500002 ER PT J AU DEREGGI, AS AF DEREGGI, AS TI EFFECTS OF THE MEASURING CIRCUIT ON BROAD-BAND PIEZO AND PYROELECTRIC MEASUREMENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Note ID ACOUSTIC-WAVE METHOD; SPACE-CHARGE; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Broadband dielectric measurements often are made under conditions approximating open or short circuit conditions by choosing the source and amplifier impedances such that the input time constant is either very short or very long compared to the time scales (frequency bandwidth) of the events measured. The time-domain equations expressing the relationship between the ideally desired open circuit voltage (or short circuit current) and the actually measured voltage (or current) are examined for a simple model circuit and are generalized for circuits with an arbitrary number of loops. A general data treatment procedure for calculating the desired responses (open circuit voltage or short circuit currents) is suggested and is illustrated in a simple case. Time-domain calibration methods are discussed also. RP DEREGGI, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 1 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1109/94.300242 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA NK895 UT WOS:A1994NK89500020 ER PT J AU JUROSHEK, JR FREE, GM AF JUROSHEK, JR FREE, GM TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF COAXIAL AIR LINE STANDARDS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB A method for electrically measuring the characteristic impedance of coaxial air line standards is described. This method, called the gamma method, determines the characteristic impedance of a coaxial air line from measurements of its propagation constant and capacitance per unit length. The propagation constant is measured on a network analyzer, and the capacitance per unit length is measured on a capacitance bridge at 1 kHz. The measurements of characteristic impedance with the gamma method are independent of any dimensional measurements. Measurements of the characteristic impedance using the gamma method are compared to theoretical predictions from dimensional measurements. Test results are shown for 14 mm, 7 mm, and 3.5 mm coaxial air lines. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 EI 1557-9670 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1109/22.275245 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA NE460 UT WOS:A1994NE46000004 ER PT J AU BENDOR, E KRUSE, FA AF BENDOR, E KRUSE, FA TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SIZE OF SPATIAL SUBSETS OF GER-63 CHANNEL SCANNER DATA AND THE QUALITY OF THE INTERNAL AVERAGE RELATIVE REFLECTANCE (IARR) ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB This study examined spatial subsets derived from one flightline of Geophysical Environmental Research (GER) 63 channel scanner data from Makhtesh Ramon, Israel, to determine the relationship between the size of spatial subsets and the quality of the Internal Average Relative Reflectance (IARR) atmospheric correction technique. The IARR procedure was run separately on spatial subsets containing 100, 53, 24, 9, 3, 0.16 and 0.02 per cent of the original data set. The correction quality was determined by comparing the reflectance spectra derived from each subset for a site containing the mineral kaolinite. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations illustrate that the raw data quality does not vary significantly from one subset to another. The quality of the correction was affected only by changes in the 'average reference spectrum' (ARS) associated with the selected subsets. The short-wave infrared (SWIR) region (1.440-2.443 mum) was found to be less sensitive to ARS changes than the visible (VIS) region (0.477-0.848 mum). It was concluded that the IARR correction technique should be applied to the whole (100 per cent) data set prior to any data subsetting. Three parameters, the 'target area ratio' (TAR), the subset size relative to the original data set (SSR), and the correction quality ratio (CQR) are proposed as indicators of IARR correction quality. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,FAC AGR,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP BENDOR, E (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 683 EP 690 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA NA285 UT WOS:A1994NA28500014 ER PT J AU MCMILLIN, L ZHOU, SS YANG, SK AF MCMILLIN, L ZHOU, SS YANG, SK TI AN IMPROVED CLOUD RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM USING HIRS2-MSU RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUNDER; ISCCP AB Cloud-top heights and cloud amounts are produced as part of the operational processing of polar-satellite data at the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS). These products were compared with similar products from the air force's real-time nephanalysis (RTNEPH), from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, and from NASA Goddard's processing of satellite data. It was found that the amount of high-level cloud was too small in the NESDIS results, while the amount of low-level cloud was too large. An examination of the NESDIS algorithm revealed that the differences in cloud distributions were caused by the selection of channels used for the cloud retrievals. Cloud retrievals are most accurate at the levels at which the channels that are used are most sensitive. In addition, it was found that no one pair of channels was best at all levels. A new procedure was developed that varied the channels as a function of an initial estimate of the cloud height. This procedure produced improved cloud retrievals that were then compared with the RTNEPH results. The comparison showed that the two methods provide similar retrievals of cloud height and amount. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. STATE METEOROL ADM,CTR SATELLITE METEOROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 195 EP 211 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0195:AICRAU>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW750 UT WOS:A1994MW75000005 ER PT J AU STRABALA, KI ACKERMAN, SA MENZEL, WP AF STRABALA, KI ACKERMAN, SA MENZEL, WP TI CLOUD PROPERTIES INFERRED FROM 8-12-MU-M DATA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPLIT-WINDOW MEASUREMENTS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; ICE AB A trispectral combination of observations at 8-, 11-, and 12-mum bands is suggested for detecting cloud and cloud properties in the infrared. Atmospheric ice and water vapor absorption peak in opposite halves of the window region so that positive 8-minus-11-mum brightness temperature differences indicate cloud, while near-zero or negative differences indicate clear regions. The absorption coefficient for water increases more between 11 and 12 mum than between 8 and 11 mum, while for ice, the reverse is true. Cloud phase is determined by a scatter diagram of 8-minus-11-mum versus 11-minus-12-mum brightness temperature differences; ice cloud shows a slope greater than 1 and water cloud less than 1. The trispectral brightness temperature method was tested upon high-resolution interferometer data resulting in clear-cloud and cloud-phase delineation. Simulations using differing 8-mum bandwidths revealed no significant degradation of cloud property detection. Thus, the 8-mum bandwidth for future satellites can be selected based on the requirements of other applications, such as surface characterization studies. Application of the technique to current polar-orbiting High-Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS)-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) datasets is constrained by the nonuniformity of the cloud scenes sensed within the large HIRS field of view. Analysis of MAS (MODIS Airborne Simulator) high-spatial resolution (500 m) data with all three 8-, 11-, and 12-mum bands revealed sharp delineation of differing cloud and background scenes, from which a simple automated threshold technique was developed. Cloud phase, clear-sky, and qualitative differences in cloud emissivity and cloud height were identified on a case study segment from 24 November 1991, consistent with the scene. More rigorous techniques would allow further cloud parameter clarification. The opportunities for global cloud delineation with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) appear excellent. The spectral selection, the spatial resolution, and the global coverage are all well suited for significant advances. C1 NOAA,NESDIS,ADV SATELLITE PROD PROJ,MADISON,WI. RP STRABALA, KI (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,CIMSS,CTR SPACE SCI & ENGN,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 NR 14 TC 173 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 212 EP 229 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0212:CPIFD>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW750 UT WOS:A1994MW75000006 ER PT J AU DUCHON, CE WILK, GE AF DUCHON, CE WILK, GE TI FIELD COMPARISONS OF DIRECT AND COMPONENT MEASUREMENTS OF NET-RADIATION UNDER CLEAR SKIES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG-WAVE RADIATION; PYRGEOMETER PERFORMANCE AB Accurate measurements of net radiation are basic to all studies of the surface energy budget. In preparation for an energy budget experiment significant differences were found between direct and component measurement of net radiation, which prompted this investigation of their cause. The instruments involved were an all-black single-dome Fritschen-type net pyrradiometer. two Eppley model 8-48 pyranometers, and an Eppley model PIR pyrgeometer. Each had recently been calibrated. The accuracy of the component instruments was considered first. Comparisons of about one hour on each of three nights between the pyrgeometer and five empirical formulas showed that the average departure over all formulas from the pyrgeometer average was - 1%. Other comparisons between the pyrgeometer and an infrared thermometer viewing the surface yielded similar results. Alternate shading and unshading of the pyrgeometer looking upward during daytime resulted in a formula that was used to correct the downward longwave radiation under clear skies. The correction is dependent on wind speed, in contrast to a recent paper showing negligible dependence, but is in accord with earlier findings. Based on the manufacturer's specifications, the pyranometer calibrations were considered to be within 2% of the World Radiation Reference. Thus a series of experiments was carried out using what were believed to be reasonably accurate component measurements of net radiation and measurements from the net pyrradiometer. The results showed that the sensitivity of the latter was less in the longwave band than in the shortwave band in agreement with findings of others. Speculating on possible further dependence of sensitivity to the upward and downward streams of radiation, a method was developed to determine the magnitude of the individual net pyrradiometer components. A reflective double-shell hemispherical cup was affixed to the upward or downward face of the net pyrradiometer such that linear regression could be applied to simultaneous measurements from the net pyrradiometer, pyranometer, pyrgeometer, and the inner cup temperature, assumed to be at air temperature, to estimate the individual components. Although a substantial difference in shortwave sensitivity was computed using this method, the result was not definitive because of the limited number and the narrow range of longwave observations. Nevertheless, the method can be employed in the field to verify uniform sensitivity of a net pyrradiometer's sensing surfaces to shortwave and longwave radiation. The method may have particular application to Fritschen-type net pyrradiometers of recently improved design after extended field use. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX. RP DUCHON, CE (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,1310 ENERGY CTR,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 33 IS 2 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<0245:FCODAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW750 UT WOS:A1994MW75000008 ER PT J AU WARNOCK, JM VANZANDT, TE CLARK, WL FRANKE, SJ KIM, HS NASTROM, GD JOHNSTON, PE AF WARNOCK, JM VANZANDT, TE CLARK, WL FRANKE, SJ KIM, HS NASTROM, GD JOHNSTON, PE TI MEASUREMENT OF SYNOPTIC-SCALE VERTICAL VELOCITIES BY 2 NEARBY VHF DOPPLER RADARS IN VERY FLAT TERRAIN SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB An experimental field campaign to measure synoptic-scale vertical velocities was conducted from 5 to 11 January 1991 in the Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, region, which is in very flat terrain far from mountains. Both the Flatland and the Urbana wind-profiling radars, which are separated by 23.1 km, participated in the campaign. Meteorological sounding balloons were also launched from the Flatland Observatory site. In this study, time averages are compared of the vertical wind velocity measured directly by both radars in order to help verify the capability of wind-profiling radars to measure synoptic-scale vertical velocities. This comparison, of course, also provides an opportunity to evaluate the performance of both radars. The variance of the vertical velocity observed by the Flatland radar has been previously shown to be dominated by short-period fluctuations with most of the variance occurring at periods less than 6 h. Also, since March 1987 when the Flatland radar began operating nearly continuously, the vertical velocity measurements showed a nearly constant downward mean value of several centimeters per second in the troposphere. After bandpass filtering, the time-series measurements of vertical velocity to obtain 6-h and 1-day means, the filtered signal is compared to similar measurements made by the newly constructed Urbana radar. Both the 6-h and 1-day time averages of vertical velocity measured by the radars displayed large variations in time and height. Variations of 10-15 cm s-1 occurred frequently, which are considerably larger than the expected measurement error. Good to excellent agreement is generally found in the shape of height profiles measured by the two radars. These results suggest that wind-profiling radars located in very flat terrain are capable of measuring synoptic-scale vertical velocity profiles with useful precision. RP WARNOCK, JM (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, AERON LAB, MAIL CODE R-E AL3, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 5 EP 13 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0005:MOSSVV>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV460 UT WOS:A1994MV46000002 ER PT J AU GAGE, KS MCAFEE, JR ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA WILLIAMS, CR JOHNSTON, PE RIDDLE, AC AF GAGE, KS MCAFEE, JR ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA WILLIAMS, CR JOHNSTON, PE RIDDLE, AC TI THE CHRISTMAS ISLAND WIND PROFILER - A PROTOTYPE VHF WIND-PROFILING RADAR FOR THE TROPICS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB After a decade of development, VHF wind profilers are being used for atmospheric research at several locations in the tropical Pacific. A prototype 50-MHz wind profiler was installed on Christmas Island in 1985 and has operated continuously since March 1986 to monitor tropical wind fields in the altitude range 1.8-18 km. This paper presents an overview of the Christmas Island wind profiler and reviews its performance. A survey of sample wind observations and a brief climatology of the observed winds are included. RP GAGE, KS (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,MAIL CODE R-E AL3,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015; Johnston, Paul/E-1914-2016 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850; Johnston, Paul/0000-0002-4046-9351 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0022:TCIWPA>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV460 UT WOS:A1994MV46000004 ER PT J AU MILLER, PA SCHLATTER, TW VANDEKAMP, DW BARTH, MF WEBER, BL AF MILLER, PA SCHLATTER, TW VANDEKAMP, DW BARTH, MF WEBER, BL TI AN UNFOLDING ALGORITHM FOR PROFILER WINDS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has completed the installation of a 30-site demonstration network of wind-profiling radars in the central United States. The network is being used to demonstrate and assess the utility of wind profiler technology in a quasi-operational environment and to help define operational requirements for possible future national networks. This paper reviews the cause of velocity folding and presents the unfolding method recently implemented for the NOAA Wind Profiler Demonstration Network. The method uses a simple median check to dealias (unfold) radial velocities quickly and effectively in real time. Case study examples and statistical evaluation of the method's performance are also presented. RP MILLER, PA (reprint author), US DEPT COMM,NOAA,ERL,FSL,MAIL CODE R E FS1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Schlatter, Thomas /E-7480-2015 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0032:AUAFPW>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV460 UT WOS:A1994MV46000005 ER PT J AU ANGEVINE, WM ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA GAGE, KS MORAN, KP AF ANGEVINE, WM ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA GAGE, KS MORAN, KP TI IMPROVED RADIO ACOUSTIC SOUNDING TECHNIQUES SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Improved radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) technology for use with radar wind profilers has been developed and applied to 915-MHz and 50-MHz profilers. The most important advance is the simultaneous measurement of the wind velocity to correct the acoustic velocity measurement for air motion. This eliminates the primary source of error in previous RASS measurements, especially on short time scales. Another improvement is the use of an acoustic source that is controlled by the same computer that controls the radar. The source can be programmed to produce either a swept frequency or a random hopped frequency signal. Optimum choices of the acoustic source parameters are explored for particular applications. Simultaneous measurement of acoustic and wind velocity enables the calculation of heat flux by eddy correlation. Preliminary heat flux measurements are presented and discussed. Results of the use of RASS with oblique beams are also reported. RP ANGEVINE, WM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116 NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0042:IRAST>2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV460 UT WOS:A1994MV46000006 ER PT J AU CHURNSIDE, JH STERMITZ, TA SCHROEDER, JA AF CHURNSIDE, JH STERMITZ, TA SCHROEDER, JA TI TEMPERATURE PROFILING WITH NEURAL-NETWORK INVERSION OF MICROWAVE RADIOMETER DATA SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A neural network is used to obtain vertical profiles of temperature from microwave radiometer data. The overall rms error in the retrieved profiles of a test dataset was only about 8% worse than the overall error using an optimized statistical retrieval. In certain cases, such as one with a large temperature inversion. the neural network produced better reproductions of the profiles than did the statistical inversion. RP CHURNSIDE, JH (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,MAIL CODE R W WP1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 0 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0105:TPWNNI>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV461 UT WOS:A1994MV46100001 ER PT J AU HAN, Y THOMSON, DW AF HAN, Y THOMSON, DW TI MULTICHANNEL MICROWAVE RADIOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS AT SAIPAN DURING THE 1990 TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION EXPERIMENT SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To estimate mesoscale variations in integrated water vapor, cloud liquid water, and temperature in a tropical region, multiwavelength microwave radiometric observations were carried out over a seven-week period on the island of Saipan during the 1990 Tropical Cyclone Motion Experiment. Methods to combine radiometric and ceilometer measurements were developed to improve both the retrieval accuracies of integrated water vapor and liquid water. The rms difference between the retrieved and radiosonde-measured integrated water vapor was 6% relative to the mean. Compared to radiosondes the temperature profiles retrieved using a linear statistical inversion technique were accurate to 1.28-degrees-C. However, since the radiometric temperature profiles were no more accurate than profiles obtained from climatology, the surface-based radiometer provided essentially no new information regarding the environmental temperature profiles. RP HAN, Y (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,ETL,R E WP5,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0110:MMROAS>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV461 UT WOS:A1994MV46100002 ER PT J AU RYZHKOV, AV ZHURAVLYOV, VB RYBAKOVA, NA AF RYZHKOV, AV ZHURAVLYOV, VB RYBAKOVA, NA TI PRELIMINARY-RESULTS OF X-BAND POLARIZATION RADAR STUDIES OF CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Combined measurements of differential reflectivity and cross-correlation coefficient between linear copolar components of weather radar returns have been obtained with a noncoherent X-band polarimetric meteorological radar. In examining these data, special attention is devoted to the problem of discrimination between liquid and solid hydrometeors and to identification of the areas of strong ground-clutter contamination. Furthermore, polarization parameters of backscattered signals are used to locate updrafts. RP RYZHKOV, AV (reprint author), NSSL,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 1 BP 132 EP 139 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0132:PROXBP>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV461 UT WOS:A1994MV46100004 ER PT J AU REES, D QUEGAN, S MOFFETT, RJ BAILEY, GJ FULLERROWELL, TJ AF REES, D QUEGAN, S MOFFETT, RJ BAILEY, GJ FULLERROWELL, TJ TI SIMULATIONS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE POLAR THERMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE FOR NORTHWARD IMF SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; GLOBAL-MODEL; ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; MAGNETOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; ION AB The dynamics and structure of the polar thermosphere and ionosphere within the polar regions are strongly influenced by the magnetospheric electric field. The convection of ionospheric plasma imposed by this electric field generates a large-scale thermospheric circulation which tends to follow the pattern of the ionospheric circulation itself. The magnetospheric electric field pattern is strongly influenced by the magnitude and direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and by the dynamic pressure of the solar wind. Previous numerical simulations of the thermospheric response to magnetospheric activity have used available models of auroral precipitation and magnetospheric electric fields appropriate for a southward-directed IMF. In this study, the UCL/Sheffield coupled thermosphere/ionosphere model has been used, including convection electric field models for a northward IMF configuration. During periods of persistent strong northward IMF B(Z), regions of sunward thermospheric winds (up to 200 m s-1) may occur deep within the polar cap, reversing the generally anti-sunward polar cap winds driven by low-latitude solar EUV heating and enhanced by geomagnetic forcing under all conditions of southward IMF B(Z). The development of sunward polar cap winds requires persistent northward IMF and enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure for at least 2-4 h, and the magnitude of the northward IMF component should exceed approximately 5 nT. Sunward winds will occur preferentially on the dawn (dusk) side of the polar cap for IMF B(Y) negative (positive) in the northern hemisphere (reverse in the southern hemisphere). The magnitude of sunward polar cap winds will be significantly modulated by UT and season. reflecting E- and F-region plasma densities. For example, in northern mid-winter, sunward polar cap winds will tend to be a factor of two stronger around 1800 UT, when the geomagnetic polar cusp is sunlit. then at 0600 UT, when the entire polar cap is in darkness. C1 NOAA, SEL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. UNIV SHEFFIELD, DEPT APPL & COMPUTAT PHYS, SHEFFIELD S10 2TN, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. RP UCL, ATMOSPHER PHYS LAB, 67-73 RIDING HOUSE ST, LONDON W1P 7PP, ENGLAND. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-9169 J9 J ATMOS TERR PHYS JI J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 56 IS 2 BP 297 EP 318 DI 10.1016/0021-9169(94)90037-X PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MM182 UT WOS:A1994MM18200012 ER PT J AU TIE, XX BRASSEUR, G LIN, X FRIEDLINGSTEIN, P GRANIER, C RASCH, P AF TIE, XX BRASSEUR, G LIN, X FRIEDLINGSTEIN, P GRANIER, C RASCH, P TI THE IMPACT OF HIGH-ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT ON THE OZONE-LAYER IN THE STRATOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HIGH ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE LAYER; AEROSOL EFFECT; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY ID CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; EL-CHICHON; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; DIMENSIONAL MODEL; NITROGEN-OXIDES; GLOBAL OZONE; CHLORINE; DEPLETION AB The paper discusses the potential effects on the ozone layer of gases released by the engines of proposed high altitude supersonic aircraft. The major problem arises from the emissions of nitrogen oxides which have the potential to destroy significant quantities of ozone in the stratosphere. The magnitude of the perturbation is highly dependent on the cruise altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore, the depletion of ozone is substantially reduced when heterogeneous conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitric acid on sulfate aerosol particles is taken into account in the calculation. The sensitivity of the aerosol load on stratospheric ozone is investigated. First, the model indicates that the aerosol load induced by the SO2 released by aircraft is increased by about 10-20% above the background aerosols at mid-high latitude of the Northern Hemisphere at 15 km for the NASA emission scenario A (the NASA emission scenarios are explained in Tables I to III). This increase in aerosol has small effects on stratospheric ozone. Second, when the aerosol load is increased following a volcanic eruption similar to the eruption of El Chichon (Mexico, April 1982), the ozone column in spring increases by as much as 9% in response to the injection of NO(x) from the aircraft with the NASA emission scenario A. Finally, the modeled suggests that significant ozone depletion could result from the formation of additional polar stratospheric clouds produced by the injection of H2O and HNO3 by the aircraft engines. C1 NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP TIE, XX (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 103 EP 128 DI 10.1007/BF00696810 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NN705 UT WOS:A1994NN70500001 ER PT J AU MONKS, PS STIEF, LJ KRAUSS, M KUO, SC KLEMM, RB AF MONKS, PS STIEF, LJ KRAUSS, M KUO, SC KLEMM, RB TI A DISCHARGE FLOW-PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF HOBR(X (1)A') - PHOTOION YIELD SPECTRUM, IONIZATION-ENERGY, AND THERMOCHEMISTRY SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPACT EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; EXPONENT BASIS-SETS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; BROMINE; EFFICIENT; RADICALS; KINETICS; ATOMS AB The photoion yield spectrum of HOBr was measured over the wavelength range lambda= 108-121 nm; by using a discharge flow-photoionization mass spectrometer apparatus coupled to a synchrotron radiation source. HOBr was generated by the reaction of OH with molecular bromine. A value of(10.62+/-0.04) eV was obtained for the adiabatic ionization energy (I.E.) of HOBr from photoion thresholds, corresponding to the HOBr+((2)A'') <--HOBr((1)A') transition. The structure observed in the spectrum is discussed in terms of the available states for HOBr+, which have been determined using multiconfiguration-self-consistent field calculations. A new value for Delta H-f(0) (298)(HOBr) of-9 kcal mel(-1) is derived from I.E.(HOBr) and estimates of Delta H-f(HOBr+). C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP MONKS, PS (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,EXTRATERR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016 OI Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1902 EP 1907 DI 10.1063/1.466543 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MU316 UT WOS:A1994MU31600014 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, WP GAFFEN, DJ KAHL, JDW ANGELL, JK AF ELLIOTT, WP GAFFEN, DJ KAHL, JDW ANGELL, JK TI THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE ON LAYER THICKNESSES USED TO MONITOR GLOBAL TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR AB Mean layer virtual temperature estimates, based on geopotential height measurements, form the basis for one approach being used to monitor changes in upper-air temperature. However, virtual temperature is a function of atmospheric moisture content as well as temperature. This paper investigates the impact of real or apparent changes in atmospheric moisture on changes in mean layer virtual temperature. Real changes in mean layer specific humidity of up to 50% would cause changes in mean layer virtual temperature of less than 1-degrees-C, except in the tropical boundary layer, where the high moisture content would lead to larger virtual temperature changes. The effect of humidity changes is negligible in polar regions and most pronounced in the tropics, which could influence the interpretation of the latitudinal gradient of virtual temperature trend estimates. Improvements in radiosonde humidity sensors since 1958 have led to an apparent decrease in atmospheric humidity. On global average, for the 850-300-mb layer, such changes are estimated to contribute to an apparent cooling of between 0.05-degrees and 0.1-degrees-C, or about 10% to 20% of the observed warming trend since 1958. RP ELLIOTT, WP (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,AIR RESOURCES LAB,REAR,1315 EW HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0304:TEOMOL>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MX213 UT WOS:A1994MX21300007 ER PT J AU MO, KC WANG, XL AF MO, KC WANG, XL TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF JUNE AUGUST 1992 - WARM ENSO EPISODE DECAYS AND COLDER THAN NORMAL CONDITIONS DOMINATE THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAINFALL RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 335 EP 357 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0335:TGCOJW>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MX213 UT WOS:A1994MX21300010 ER PT J AU CHAPEL, JP AF CHAPEL, JP TI HISTORY-DEPENDENT HYDRATION FORCES MEASURED BETWEEN SILICA SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; MICA SURFACES; MICROSCOPE RP CHAPEL, JP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Chapel, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-1988-1288 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 162 IS 2 BP 517 EP 519 DI 10.1006/jcis.1994.1071 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA MU063 UT WOS:A1994MU06300033 ER PT J AU MCGRATTAN, KB REHM, RG BAUM, HR AF MCGRATTAN, KB REHM, RG BAUM, HR TI FIRE-DRIVEN FLOWS IN ENCLOSURES SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB A two-dimensional Boussinesq model describing heat-driven, buoyant convection in a polygonal enclosure is presented. The hydrodynamic model is based on the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations with constant viscosity and thermal conductivity; no turbulence model or other empirical parameters are introduced. The polygonal domain is mapped via a numerical Schwarz-Christoffel transformation onto a rectangle, where the equations of motion are written in terms of the vorticity and stream function. An alternating direction implicit (ADI) difference scheme, second-order in space and first-order in time, is used to integrate the evolution equations, and a standard elliptic solver is used to solve the Poisson equation for the stream function. Computational results which are of interest to the fire research community are presented. RP MCGRATTAN, KB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 110 IS 2 BP 285 EP 291 DI 10.1006/jcph.1994.1025 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA ND185 UT WOS:A1994ND18500008 ER PT J AU MARKOVIC, M FOWLER, BO BROWN, WE AF MARKOVIC, M FOWLER, BO BROWN, WE TI OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE CARBOXYLATES .4. KINETICS OF FORMATION AND SOLUBILITY OF OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE SUCCINATE SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS; APATITE; SYSTEM AB Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of octacalcium phosphate succinate (OCP-SUCC), Ca8(HPO4)2-x(succ)x(PO4)4.yH2O, where 0.8 < x < 1.0 and 5.5 < y < 6.5, broaden the present knowledge in the chemistry of octacalcium phosphate carboxylates. The kinetics of formation of OCP-SUCC by conversion of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP), alpha-Ca3(PO4)2, in ammonium succinate solutions was followed at varied initial pH, I approximately 0.5 mol dm-3, 37-degrees-C. The changes in the liquid phase were monitored by pH measurements. Solid phases were characterized by means of chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The rate of conversion decreased with increasing initial pH. In the solubility experiments the concentrations of calcium, phosphate, succinate, ammonium and pH were determined in solutions equilibrated with OCP-SUCC (6.1 < pH < 7.4). Utilizing these data and association constants of phosphoric and succinic acid and stability constants of the soluble complexes, the solubility product of OCP-SUCC, K(s) = c8(Ca2+)c1.07(H+)c0.93(succ2-)C5.07(PO43-), was determined: pK(s)(OCP-SUCC) = 68.4 +/- 0.9 at I = 0.5 mol dm-3, 37-degrees-C. C1 NIDR,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BONE RES BRANCH,RES PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP MARKOVIC, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD FEB PY 1994 VL 135 IS 3-4 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(94)90144-9 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA MZ054 UT WOS:A1994MZ05400019 ER PT J AU BERTNESS, KA KRAMER, C OLSON, JM MORELAND, J AF BERTNESS, KA KRAMER, C OLSON, JM MORELAND, J TI IN-SITU OBSERVATION OF SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY IN INP GROWN ON SINGULAR AND VICINAL (001) SUBSTRATES SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biennial Workshop on Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxy CY MAR 21-25, 1993 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA DE INDIUM PHOSPHIDE; ORGANOMETALLIC VAPOR PHASE EPITAXY (OMVPE); SUBSTRATE ORIENTATION; SURFACE MORPHOLOGY ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; GAAS; REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING AB Surface morphology of InP layers is monitored during organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using an in situ diffuse laser light scattering technique. Changes in the diffuse scatter signal are noted for several substrate orientations near the (001) plane and at various growth temperatures. The diffuse scatter signal is shown to be a semi-quantitative indicator of surface roughness through post-growth examination of the samples with phase contrast optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Singular substrates consistently have almost featureless surfaces and very little diffuse scattering during growth. Vicinal substrates display a more complicated morphological evolution which cannot be deduced from the diffuse scattering alone but which does produce characteristic changes in diffuse scattering. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BERTNESS, KA (reprint author), NATL RENEWAL ENERGY LAB,DIV BASIC SCI,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1007/BF02655269 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA MX217 UT WOS:A1994MX21700023 ER PT J AU PELROY, GA PETERSON, ME HOLLAND, PJ EKLUND, MW AF PELROY, GA PETERSON, ME HOLLAND, PJ EKLUND, MW TI INHIBITION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN COLD-PROCESS (SMOKED) SALMON BY SODIUM LACTATE SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PRODUCTS; BEEF; STORAGE; CHLORIDE; POULTRY; SEAFOOD; GROWTH; MEATS AB Comminuted raw salmon containing various concentrations and combinations of sodium lactate, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite was inoculated with 10 Listeria monocytogenes cells per g (150 cells/l5-g sample), vacuum-packaged in oxygen-impermeable film and stored at 5 or 10 degrees C. Samples were examined for growth of L. monocytogenes and total aerobic microorganisms at specific intervals for up to 50 d. Sodium lactate exhibited a concentration-dependent antilisterial effect that was enhanced by nitrite and/or increased concentrations of NaCl. At 5 degrees C, total inhibition of L. monocytogenes was achieved for up to 50 d by 2% sodium lactate in combination with 3% water-phase NaCl. At 10 degrees C, total inhibition was achieved for up to 35 d by 3% sodium lactate in combination with 3% water-phase NaCl, or by 2% sodium lactate in combination with 125 ppm sodium nitrite and 3% water-phase NaCl. Sodium lactate and the other additives also inhibited growth of the aerobic microflora but to a lesser degree than L. monocytogenes. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV RES UTILIZAT,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 36 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 57 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MW756 UT WOS:A1994MW75600003 ER PT J AU PELROY, G PETERSON, M PARANJPYE, R ALMOND, J EKLUND, M AF PELROY, G PETERSON, M PARANJPYE, R ALMOND, J EKLUND, M TI INHIBITION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN COLD-PROCESS (SMOKED) SALMON BY SODIUM-NITRITE AND PACKAGING METHOD SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID REFRIGERATED STORAGE; PRODUCTS; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; CHLORIDE; SAUSAGE; MEATS; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; POULTRY AB The behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in relation to sodium nitrite (NaNO2,) in combination with sodium chloride (NaCl) was evaluated in cold-process (smoked) salmon during storage at 5 or 10 degrees C in either oxygen-permeable film or vacuum-sealed impermeable film. Salmon slices containing either 3 or 5% waterphase NaCl, with or without 190-200 ppm of NaNO2, were inoculated with 10 or 327 CFU/g (150 or 4.9 x 10(3) CFU/15-g sample) of strain Scott A. The inhibitory contribution of NaNO2 was relative to inoculum size, storage time and temperature, packaging method, and concentration of NaCl. There was less growth of L. monocytogenes in vacuum-packaged samples as compared to those packaged in oxygen-permeable film. The most inhibition was achieved in vacuum-packaged products stored at 5 degrees C, where NaNO2 in combination with 5% water-phase NaCl prevented any increase in a 10 CFU/g-inoculum during 34 d storage. At 10 degrees C, inhibition was initially enhanced by NaNO2, but by 32 d L. monocytogenes populations had increased from a 10 CFU/g-inoculum to the range of 10(6) CFU/g in vacuum-packaged products and 10(8) CFU/g in permeable-film packaged products, regardless of NaNO2 or NaCl concentration. Growth of naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms was also inhibited by NaNO2 but to a lesser degree than L. monocytogenes. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 40 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 57 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA MW756 UT WOS:A1994MW75600004 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Note RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR SOLAR TERR PHYS A,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 99 IS A2 BP 2501 EP 2503 DI 10.1029/94JA00043 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MV286 UT WOS:A1994MV28600036 ER PT J AU DUGUAY, SJ SWANSON, P DICKHOFF, WW AF DUGUAY, SJ SWANSON, P DICKHOFF, WW TI DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION AND HORMONAL-REGULATION OF ALTERNATIVELY SPLICED IGF-I MESSENGER-RNA TRANSCRIPTS IN SALMON SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH FACTOR-I; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; OSMOREGULATORY ACTIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; PLASMA-LEVELS; INSULIN; SMOLTIFICATION AB Salmon have been shown to express alternatively spliced IGF-I mRNA transcripts coding for four different IGF-I prohormones. These transcripts, now designated Ea-1, Ea-2, Ea-3 and Ea-4, differ in size due to the inclusion of additional sequences in the E domain-coding region of the molecule. In this study, the tissue distribution and hormonal regulation of expression of alternatively spliced IGF-I mRNA transcripts were investigated in coho salmon. IGF-I mRNAs were detected by solution hybridization/RNase protection assay in all tissues examined. GH treatment significantly increased hepatic IGF-I mRNA content. Hepatic IGF-I mRNA levels were not influenced by prolactin or somatolactin. Heart, fat, brain, kidney, spleen and ovary IGF-I mRNA levels were not affected by GH, prolactin or somatolactin. Ea-1, Ea-3 and Ea-4 mRNA transcripts were detectable in the liver, and Ea-1 and Ea-3 levels increased dramatically in response to GH treatment, whereas the amount of Ea-4 mRNA was unchanged. Most non-hepatic tissues expressed only the Ea-4 transcript, and expression was not influenced by GH, prolactin or somatolactin. Ea-1 and Ea-3 transcripts were visible in gill samples from fish treated with GH. The ovaries of juvenile fish expressed Ea-1, Ea-2 and Ea-4. The amounts of these transcripts were not changed by gonadotrophin treatment. During smoltification of juvenile coho salmon, liver and gill IGF-I mRNA levels increased with increasing plasma GH and thyroxine concentrations. Muscle, brain and ovary IGF-I mRNA levels were unchanged during this period. These data suggest that the liver is a major site of IGF-I production in response to GH. Heart, fat, brain, kidney, spleen and ovary did not show increased IGF-I mRNA levels in response to GH treatment. GH and prolactin had inconsistent effects on muscle IGF-I mRNA levels. Somatolactin and a gonadotrophin preparation did not stimulate IGF-I expression in tissues of juvenile fish. Differences in tissue GH responsiveness can be partially explained by the expression of alternatively spliced IGF-I mRNAs. Of the four hepatic IGF-I mRNA transcripts, Ea-1 and Ea-3 are responsive, while Ea-2 and Ea-4 are not. non-hepatic tissues express only the Ea-4 transcript, and IGF-I mRNA levels do not increase after GH treatment. The increased IGF-I mRNA levels observed in gill tissue during smoltification suggest that other factors, in addition to GH, may regulate IGF-I expression. These data are also consistent with the hypothesis that IGF-I may mediate the osmoregulatory functions of GH during sea water adaptation. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,CTR FISHERIES SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 42 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 4 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0952-5041 J9 J MOL ENDOCRINOL JI J. Mol. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 PG 13 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA MX138 UT WOS:A1994MX13800003 PM 8185811 ER PT J AU ANDREWS, AM DOMENECH, JL FRASER, GT LAFFERTY, WJ AF ANDREWS, AM DOMENECH, JL FRASER, GT LAFFERTY, WJ TI MOLECULAR-BEAM DIODE-LASER SPECTRUM OF THE NU-3 BAND OF N2O3 AT 1304 CM-1 SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article C1 CSIC,INST ESTRUCTURA MAT,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. RP ANDREWS, AM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Domenech, Jose/F-5561-2013 OI Domenech, Jose/0000-0001-8629-2566 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 163 IS 2 BP 428 EP 435 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1037 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA MW279 UT WOS:A1994MW27900010 ER PT J AU HOUGEN, JT KLEINER, I GODEFROID, M AF HOUGEN, JT KLEINER, I GODEFROID, M TI SELECTION-RULES AND INTENSITY CALCULATIONS FOR A C(S) ASYMMETRIC-TOP MOLECULE CONTAINING A METHYL-GROUP INTERNAL ROTOR SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ACETALDEHYDE; ROTATION; SYMMETRY; METHANOL; STATE C1 CNRS,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. UNIV LIBRE BRUXELLES,CHIM PHYS MOLEC LAB,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP HOUGEN, JT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 163 IS 2 BP 559 EP 586 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1994.1047 PG 28 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA MW279 UT WOS:A1994MW27900020 ER PT J AU TZIPERMAN, E TOGGWEILER, JR FELIKS, Y BRYAN, K AF TZIPERMAN, E TOGGWEILER, JR FELIKS, Y BRYAN, K TI INSTABILITY OF THE THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION WITH RESPECT TO MIXED BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS - IS IT REALLY A PROBLEM FOR REALISTIC MODELS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE AB A global primitive equations oceanic GCM and a simple four-box model of the meridional circulation are used to examine and analyze the instability of the thermohaline circulation in an ocean model with realistic geometry and forcing conditions under mixed boundary conditions. The purpose is to determine whether this instability should occur in such realistic GCMs. It is found that the realistic GCM ablution is near the stability transition point with respect to mixed boundary conditions. This proximity to the transition point allows the model to make a transition between the unstable and stable regimes induced by a relatively minor change in the surface freshwater flux and in the interior solution. Such a change in the surface flux may be induced, for example, by changing the salinity restoring time used to obtain the steady model solution under restoring conditions. Thus, the steady solution of the global GCM under restoring conditions may be either stable or unstable upon transition to mixed boundary conditions, depending on the magnitude of the salinity restoring time used to obtain this steady solution. The mechanism by which the salinity restoring time affects the model stability is further confirmed by carefully analyzing the stability regimes of a simple four-box model. The proximity of the realistic ocean model solution to the stability transition point is used to deduce that the real ocean may also be near the stability transition point with respect to the strength of the freshwater forcing. Finally, it is argued that the use of too short restoring times in realistic models is inconsistent with the level of errors in the data and in the model dynamics, and that this inconsistency is a possible reason for the existence of the thermohaline instability in GCMs of realistic geometry and forcing. A consistency criterion for the magnitude of the restoring times in realistic models is formulated, that should result in steady states that are also stable under mixed boundary conditions. The results presented here may be relevant to climate studies that run an ocean model under restoring conditions in order to initialize a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. C1 GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ. ISRAEL INST BIOL RES,DEPT MATH,NESS ZIONA,ISRAEL. RP TZIPERMAN, E (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. NR 24 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 24 IS 2 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<0217:IOTTCW>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA MW715 UT WOS:A1994MW71500001 ER PT J AU TEWARI, YB GOLDBERG, RN AF TEWARI, YB GOLDBERG, RN TI AN EQUILIBRIUM AND CALORIMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF L-TRYPTOPHAN TO (INDOLE PLUS PYRUVATE PLUS AMMONIA) SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Donald Patterson on His 65th Birthday, at the 76th Congress of the Canadian-Society-for-Chemistry CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1993 CL SHERBROOKE, CANADA SP CANADIAN SOC CHEM DE AMMONIA; APPARENT EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT; CALORIMETRY; ENTHALPY; ENTROPY; HEAT CAPACITY; INDOLE; PYRUVIC ACID; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; L-TRYPTOPHAN ID ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS; ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE; TERNARY COMPLEXES; WATER MIXTURES; SPECIFIED PH; THERMODYNAMICS; COPPER(II); SOLUBILITY; STABILITY; ZINC(II) AB Apparent equilibrium constants and calorimetric enthalpies of reaction have been measured for the reaction L-tryptophan(aq) + H2O(l) = indole(aq) + pyruvate(aq) + ammonia(aq) which is catalyzed by L-tryptophanase. High-pressure liquid-chromatography and microcalorimetery were used to perform these measurements. The equilibrium measurements were performed as a function of pH, temperature, and ionic strength. The results have been interpreted with a chemical equilibrium model to obtain thermodynamic quantities for the reference reaction: L-tryptophan(aq) + H2O(l) = indole(aq) + pyruvate-(aq) + NH4+(aq). At T = 25-degrees-C and I(m) = 0 the results for this reaction are: K(o) = (1.05 +/- 0.13) x 10(-4), DELTA(r)G(o) = (22.71 +/- 0.33) kl-mol-1, DELTA(r)H(o) = (62.0 +/- 2.3) kJ-mol-1, and DELTA(r)S(o) = (132 +/- 8) J-K-1-mol-1. These results have been used together with thermodynamic results from the literature to calculate standard Gibbs energies of formation, standard enthalpies of formation, standard molar entropies standard molar heat capacities, and standard transformed formation properties for the substances participating in this reaction. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.1007/BF00973544 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NB508 UT WOS:A1994NB50800006 ER PT J AU HANDWERKER, CA CANNON, RM FRENCH, RH AF HANDWERKER, CA CANNON, RM FRENCH, RH TI COBLE,ROBERT,L - A RETROSPECTIVE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR ADV MAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. DUPONT CO INC,CENT RES,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. RP HANDWERKER, CA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI French, Roger/E-1986-2011 OI French, Roger/0000-0002-6162-0532 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb06995.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MW701 UT WOS:A1994MW70100002 ER PT J AU KIM, DY WIEDERHORN, SM HOCKEY, BJ HANDWERKER, CA BLENDELL, JE AF KIM, DY WIEDERHORN, SM HOCKEY, BJ HANDWERKER, CA BLENDELL, JE TI STABILITY AND SURFACE ENERGIES OF WETTED GRAIN-BOUNDARIES IN ALUMINUM-OXIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-PHASE; GLASS AB The stability of a calcium-aluminum-silicate liquid film between two near-basal plane surfaces of sapphire at 1650 degrees C was studied. Samples were prepared having an average basal misorientation across the interface of 6-7 degrees about [10 $($) over bar$$ 10]. The interfaces varied in orientation from O degrees to approximate to 38 degrees to the [0001] direction. Three types of interfaces were observed: faceted, solid-liquid interfaces; low-angle grain boundaries consisting of aligned arrays of dislocations; and boundaries consisting of alternating regions of dislocations and faceted solid-liquid interfaces. The type of interface observed depended on the orientation of the interface and could be predicted by using a construction based on Wulff shapes. Because the type of interface depends on crystal alignment and interface angle, these results suggest an absolute method of determining the surface free energy of wetted boundaries. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP SEOUL NATL UNIV, SEOUL 151742, SOUTH KOREA. NR 27 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb07013.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MW701 UT WOS:A1994MW70100020 ER PT J AU PAULIK, SW FABER, KT FULLER, ER AF PAULIK, SW FABER, KT FULLER, ER TI DEVELOPMENT OF TEXTURED MICROSTRUCTURES IN CERAMICS WITH LARGE THERMAL-EXPANSION ANISOTROPY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; MICROFRACTURE; CRACKING AB Fe2TiO5 exhibits a high degree of anisotropy in both thermal expansion and paramagnetic susceptibility. Anisotropy in paramagnetic susceptibility allows textured microstructures to be produced using magnetically-assisted grain alignment during sample fabrication. The resulting solid-state sintered aligned samples had a b-axis orientation coefficient of 3.33 (vs 6.60 for an aligned powder-epoxy suspension) where an orientation coefficient of 1 represents a randomly-oriented sample. This texturing reduced the residual stresses generated from the large thermal expansion anisotropy of the control samples, as evidenced by reduced microcracking and morphological texturing of the aligned microstructure. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP PAULIK, SW (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA. RI Faber, Katherine/B-6741-2009 NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 454 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb07014.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MW701 UT WOS:A1994MW70100021 ER PT J AU PADTURE, NP AF PADTURE, NP TI IN SITU-TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MEASURING FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; INDENTATION TECHNIQUES; CERAMICS; STRENGTH; OXIDE; AL2O3 AB A new processing strategy based on atmospheric pressure sintering is presented for obtaining dense SiC-based materials with microstructures consisting of (i) uniformly distributed elongate-shaped alpha-SiC grains and (ii) relatively high amounts (20 vol%) of second-phase yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). This strategy entails the sintering of beta-S1C powder doped with alpha-SiC, A1(2)O(3), and Y2O3. The A1(2)O(3) and Y2O3 aid in the liquid-phase sintering of SLC and form in situ YAG, which has a significant thermal expansion mismatch with SiC. During a subsequent grain-growth heat treatment, it is postulated that the alpha-SiC ''seeds'' assist in controlling in situ growth of the elongated alpha-SiC grains. The fracture pattern in the in situ-toughened SiC is intergranular with evidence of copious crack-wake bridging, akin to toughened Si3N4 ceramics. The elongate nature of the alpha-SiC grains, together with the high thermal-residual stresses in the microstructure, enhance the observed crack-wake bridging. This bridging accounts for a measured twofold increase in the indentation toughness of this new class of in situ-toughened SiC relative to a commercial SIC. RP PADTURE, NP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009 OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559 NR 30 TC 378 Z9 393 U1 5 U2 83 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 77 IS 2 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb07024.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA MW701 UT WOS:A1994MW70100031 ER PT J AU BROWNING, GL KREISS, HO AF BROWNING, GL KREISS, HO TI THE IMPACT OF ROUGH FORCING ON SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE TIME SCALES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-METHODS; INITIALIZATION AB In a series of numerical experiments, Williamson and Temperton demonstrated that the interaction of the high-frequency gravity waves with the low-frequency Rossby waves in a three-dimensional adiabatic model is very weak. However, they stated that this ''might not be the case when the model includes realistic physical processes, such as release of latent heat, which are strongly influenced by the vertical motion.'' The bounded derivative theory is valid for inhomogeneous hyperbolic systems with multiple time scales, but the magnitude of any forcing term must be less than or equal to that of the horizontal advection terms in the same equation. When diabatic effects are added to the basic dynamical equations for the atmosphere, in the smaller scales of motion forcing terms can appear in both the entropy and pressure equations that do not satisfy this restriction. Assuming that the heating terms are only functions of the independent variables, the forcing term in the entropy equation can be eliminated so that only a large forcing term in the pressure equation remains. It is proved that a large forcing term in the pressure equation does not by itself preclude a smooth (in the bounded derivative sense) solution. However, the proof shows that the smoothness of the derivatives of the forcing determines the smoothness of the solution. If the spatial variation of the forcing in the pressure equation is much larger than that of the advective component of the solution of the homogeneous system, then no mathematical estimates of smoothness can be obtained and examples show a smooth solution does not exist. On the other hand, if the spatial derivatives of the forcing are smooth, but the temporal derivatives are not, a smooth solution exists and the effect of the large variation of the forcing in time on that smooth solution is small. When both spatial and temporal derivatives of the forcing are smooth, a smooth solution also exists, and it is proved that it is extremely accurately described by the corresponding reduced system; that is, the effect of the interaction of any gravity waves generated by the prescribed forcing with the smooth solution is minimal. The implications of these results for atmospheric prediction models are discussed. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,CIRA,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT MATH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP BROWNING, GL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,R E FS,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0369:TIORFO>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MV876 UT WOS:A1994MV87600003 ER PT J AU XIE, SP AF XIE, SP TI ON PREFERRED ZONAL SCALE OF WAVE-CISK WITH CONDITIONAL HEATING SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; FREQUENCY INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; JULIAN OSCILLATION; FGGE DATA; PROPAGATION; ORIGIN; MADDEN AB Wave-CISK (conditional instability of second kind) with conditional heating on a rotating sphere is investigated using a global spectral model. With certain initial conditions, an eastward-propagating wavenumber-one mode with a single ascending region is obtained. With more general initial conditions, however, more than one convection events, of nearly equal strength and separated at nearly equal intervals, coxist and interact very little with each other. This happens when the radius for a convection event to affect other such events, which is inversely proportional to the growth rate, is much smaller than the circumference of the earth. In additional to the eastward propagating modes, a westward-propagating mode is also found, whose flow field is dominated by gravity wave response to the cumulus heating. The above results indicate that the wave-CISK with conditional heating does not always select the eastward-propagating wavenumber-one mode. An alternative mechanism that leads to the selectivity of the wavenumber-one mode is suggested. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NK802 UT WOS:A1994NK80200003 ER PT J AU SCHULTHEISZ, CR AF SCHULTHEISZ, CR TI NUMERICAL-SOLUTION OF THE HUYGENS-FRESNEL-KIRCHHOFF DIFFRACTION OF SPHERICAL WAVES BY A CIRCULAR APERTURE SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Note ID NEAR-FIELD; APPROXIMATION; INTEGRALS; VALIDITY AB Using the rigorous wave-front formulation for scaler wave diffraction of Kraus [J. Opt. Sec, Am, A 6, 1196 (1989); 9, 1132 (1992)], it is shown that the two-dimensional integral used to calculate the diffraction of spherical waves by a circular aperture may be reduced to a one-dimensional integral by choosing an appropriate coordinate frame. Both the two-dimensional integral and the one-dimensional integral must be evaluated numerically, but because each dimension must be sampled at approximately N locations to calculate accurately the integral (where N is the number of wavelengths across the aperture) the two-dimensional integration will require of the order of N-2 evaluations of the integrand, whereas the one-dimensional integration will require of the order of only N evaluations, a substantial decrease in computing time for apertures that are large compared with optical wavelengths. RP SCHULTHEISZ, CR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 11 IS 2 BP 774 EP 778 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.11.000774 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA MV331 UT WOS:A1994MV33100037 ER PT J AU AGUIRRE, AA BALAZS, GH ZIMMERMAN, B GALEY, FD AF AGUIRRE, AA BALAZS, GH ZIMMERMAN, B GALEY, FD TI ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS AND TRACE-METALS IN THE TISSUES OF GREEN TURTLES (CHELONIA-MYDAS) AFFLICTED WITH FIBROPAPILLOMAS IN THE HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB Environmental contaminants have been listed as a possible cause of green turtle fibropapillomas (GTFP). Brain, fat, liver, and kidney tissues from 10 juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) afflicted with GTFP, were tested to determine exposure to selected environmental pollutants and any possible relation to GTFP. One juvenile green turtle free of the disease, one pelagic green turtle, and one pelagic loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) served as controls. Egg shells and tissues from three green turtle hatchlings were also tested. The tissues and shells analysed in this study indicated that none contained any of the listed organochlorine, polychlorinated biphenyl, organophosphate, or carbamate insecticides in concentrations above the stated method of detection limits. Most of the concentrations of selenium and heavy metals were also considered to be below levels reported normal in other animal species. No correlation was found between the contaminants tested and GTFP because of the low levels detected. Trace metals and other pollutants tested in this study play a minor role in the aetiology of GTFP in a discrete green turtle population at Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, HONOLULU LAB, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. WILDLIFE LABS INC, FT COLLINS, CO 80524 USA. CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST, DAVIS, CA 95822 USA. RP COLORADO STATE UNIV, POB 1522, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NA355 UT WOS:A1994NA35500008 ER PT J AU LIU, DM CHOU, HM WU, JD TUNG, MS AF LIU, DM CHOU, HM WU, JD TUNG, MS TI HYDROXYL APATITE COATING VIA AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COATED IMPLANTS; HYDROXYAPATITE AB In this study, amorphous calcium phosphate ceramic (ACP) was employed in plasma spray onto stainless-steel metal surface under different controlled atmospheres of Ar/H-2 and Ar/N-2. A commercial hydroxyl apatite (CHA) was plasma-sprayed for the purpose of comparison. Results showed that the plasma-sprayed ACP coating is primarily a mixture of a crystalline carbonate-containing apatite phase with considerable amounts of Ca4P2O9, and trace amounts of alpha-tricalcium phosphate. However, a predominantly highly crystalline hydroxyl apatite (HAp) with small amounts of impurities was formed for the CHA coating. No considerable difference in coating constituents (phases) and microstructure was found between coatings formed under the two plasma gases. The ACP coating exhibit high porosity, leading to weaker interfacial strength, while the CHA coating,shows dense packing. However, the absence of detectable microcracks in the ACP coating suggests its potential application for biomedical purposes. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LIU, DM (reprint author), IND TECHNOL RES INST,MAT RES LABS,CHUTUNG 31015,TAIWAN. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 37 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1016/0254-0584(94)90068-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA MT739 UT WOS:A1994MT73900005 ER PT J AU MAINSAH, E STOUT, KJ SULLIVAN, PJ AF MAINSAH, E STOUT, KJ SULLIVAN, PJ TI THE EFFECTS OF QUANTIZATION ON 3D TOPOGRAPHY CHARACTERIZATION SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This paper investigates the influence of quantization on 3D surface characterization by carrying out an analysis of surface parameter changes on a range of real and simulated surfaces. The changes in parameters are calculated as a percentage of the original value. There is also a treatment of the effect of quantization error on visual characterization. The validity of a lot of current practice in surface topography (where 12 bits or more are used in applications involving submillimetre ranges) is confirmed, and limits on that practice established. Recommendations are made as to the number of bits that should be reasonably used in quantization with respect to the surface feature of interest (form, waviness or roughness) and the likely implications of this choice on 3D surface characterization is discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP UNIV BIRMINGHAM, SCH MFG & MECH ENGN, BIRMINGHAM B15 2TT, W MIDLANDS, ENGLAND. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 172 EP 181 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/5/2/014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA MX912 UT WOS:A1994MX91200014 ER PT J AU MO, KC WANG, XL TRACTON, MS AF MO, KC WANG, XL TRACTON, MS TI TROPICAL AND EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTION AND ITS IMPACT ON EXTENDED-RANGE FORECASTING .1. THE IMPACT OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EL-NINO; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; DEPENDENCE; PATTERN; EVENTS; SCALE; SKILL AB The impact of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on predictions in the extratropics has been studied by comparing circulation changes in general circulation model experiments generated with observed and climatological sea surface temperatures for warm and cold Southern Oscillation events. The small samples may be insufficient for drawing firm conclusions, but results suggest that the linkage between tropical and extratropical circulations in the model resembles observed relationships. As the atmosphere responds to the warm (cold) tropical SSTs, the convection in the Pacific intensifies (diminishes). The enhanced (suppressed) convection in the tropics enhances (suppresses) the local Hadley circulation and changes the position and strength of the divergent outflow. This in turn changes the position, shape, and strength of the upper-level subtropical jet streams. After the jets move to their new positions, synoptic eddies organize themselves at the exit regions of the jets. The response time for the upper-level streamfunction in the tropics is about 10 days, but the changes in the position of the subtropical jets occur after 15-20 days. The largest impact on predictions is located in the tropics and downstream in the Pacific-North America and the Pacific-South America regions. RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,W NMC52,DIAGNOST BRANCH,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 122 IS 2 BP 274 EP 290 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0274:TAEIAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW544 UT WOS:A1994MW54400003 ER PT J AU TULEYA, RE AF TULEYA, RE TI TROPICAL STORM DEVELOPMENT AND DECAY - SENSITIVITY TO SURFACE BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EXISTING CLIMATE MODELS; HURRICANE-TYPE VORTICES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ANTHROPOGENIC CHANGES; CYCLONE CLIMATE; GLOBAL-MODEL; ALICIA 1983; LANDFALL; PREDICTION AB Hurricane models have rarely been used to investigate the observational fact that tropical disturbances seldom form, develop, or intensify over land. Furthermore, rather ad hoc assumptions have been made when modeling landfall. The general consensus is that energy supplied primarily through surface fluxes is necessary for tropical cyclone development and maintenance. In the past, rather a priori assumptions have been made such as the elimination of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes over land or the reduction of surface land temperature. By incorporating an improved version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) tropical cyclone model with diurnal radiation and a bulk subsurface layer with explicit prediction of land temperature, a series of experiments was performed to test the sensitivity of surface boundary conditions to tropical cyclone development and decay at landfall. A triply nested version of the GFDL model was used in an idealized setting in which a tropical disturbance, taken from the incipient stage of Gloria (1985), was superposed on a uniform easterly flow of 5 m s-1. A control case was performed for ocean conditions of fixed 302-K SST in which the initial disturbance of about 998 hPa developed to a quasi-steady state of 955 hPa after one day of integration. Using identical atmospheric conditions, a series of experiments was performed in which the underlying land surface was specified with different values of thermal property, roughness, and wetness. By systematically changing the thermal property (i.e., heat capacity and conductivity) of the subsurface from values typical of a mixed-layer ocean to those of land, a progressively weaker tropical system was observed. It was found that the initial disturbance over land failed to intensify below 985 hPa, even when evaporation was specified at the potential rate. The reduction of evaporation over land, caused primarily by the reduction of surface land temperature near the storm core, was responsible for the inability of the tropical disturbance to develop to any large extent. Under land conditions, the known positive feedback between storm surface winds and surface evaporation was severely disrupted. In sensitivity experiments analogous to the all-land cases, a series of landfall simulations were performed in which land conditions were specified for a region of the domain so that a strong mature tropical cyclone similar to the ocean control case encountered land. Again as in the all-land case, the demise of the landfalling storm takes place due to the suppression of the potential evaporation and the associated reduction of surface temperatures beneath the landfalling cyclone. Even when evaporation was prescribed at the potential rate, a realistic rapid filling (36 hPa in 12 h) ensued despite the idealized nature of the simulations. Although not critical for decay, it was found that surface roughness and reduced relative wetness do enhance decay at landfall. RP TULEYA, RE (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 34 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 122 IS 2 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0291:TSDADS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW544 UT WOS:A1994MW54400004 ER PT J AU KMETEC, JD KUBO, TS KANE, TJ AF KMETEC, JD KUBO, TS KANE, TJ TI LASER PERFORMANCE OF DIODE-PUMPED THULIUM-DOPED Y3AL5O12, (Y,LU)3AL5O12, AND LU3AL5O12 CRYSTALS SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ND-YAG AB Substitution of Lu for Y in the host garnet Y3Al5O12 results in small differences in the laser behavior of Tm3+. Important shifts in the laser frequency are achieved with little change from the well-known and desirable properties of Y3Al5O12. We discuss the comparative performance of the three materials, both as diode-pumped 3-W TEM00 lasers and as stable single-frequency oscillators. The near-room-temperature center lasing wavelengths of the 0%, 50%, and 100% Lu-substituted crystals are 2013.3, 2022.7, and 2020.3 nm, respectively. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KMETEC, JD (reprint author), LIGHTWAVE ELECTR,1161 SAN ANTONIO RD,MT VIEW,CA 94043, USA. NR 10 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 3 BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1364/OL.19.000186 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA MT963 UT WOS:A1994MT96300012 PM 19829586 ER PT J AU MILLER, RL DECAMPO, J AF MILLER, RL DECAMPO, J TI C-COAST - A PC-BASED PROGRAM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF COASTAL PROCESSES USING NOAA COASTWATCH DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP MILLER, RL (reprint author), NASA,EARTH OBSERV PROJECTS OFF,JA20 BLDG 1000,STENNIS SPACE CTR,BAY ST LOUIS,MS 39519, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MW653 UT WOS:A1994MW65300001 ER PT J AU DI, LP RUNDQUIST, DC AF DI, LP RUNDQUIST, DC TI A ONE-STEP ALGORITHM FOR CORRECTION AND CALIBRATION OF AVHRR LEVEL-1B DATA SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CHANNELS AB NOAA-AVHRR level 1b data have been widely used for environmental research at regional and global scales. There are, however, problems in preprocessing level 1b tape data in small systems, including a general lark of AVHRR-specific software possessing suitable levels of sophistication, efficiency, and geographic coverage. This paper describes a one-step preprocessing algorithm which combines simple tape reading with geometric correction, radiometric correction, and calibration using the auxiliary parameters appended in the level 1b tape as primary input. Our algorithm is fast, memory-efficient, and PC compatible. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,CTR ADV LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMAT TECHNOL,LINCOLN,NE 68588. RP DI, LP (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 60 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MW653 UT WOS:A1994MW65300005 ER PT J AU NAHUM, M MARTINIS, JM AF NAHUM, M MARTINIS, JM TI NOVEL HOT-ELECTRON MICROBOLOMETER SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON AB We present measurements of a novel power detector which can be used as an ultra-sensitive detector of millimeter and sub-millimeter radiation. The absorbing element consists of a thin film resistor with submicroneter dimensions, which is connected to superconducting electrodes. This device exploits the Andreev reflection of electrons, and the weak interaction between electrons and phonons at low temperatures, in order to produce a large temperature rise for a small input power (almost-equal-to 10 mK/fW). The temperature rise of the electrons is measured from the temperature dependence of the current-voltage characteristics of a superconductor-insulator-normal metal tunnel junction, where part of the resistor strip forms the normal electrode. We have measured a voltage responsivity almost-equal-to 10(9) V/W, and an amplifier-limited electrical NEP almost-equal-to 3 x 10(-8) WHz-1/2 at an operating temperature of 100 mK. If infrared radiation were coupled to the absorbing element by using superconducting planar antennas, then the sensitivity of this detector would be at least a factor of 10 higher than the best available direct detectors and thus may become the detector of choice for important astrophysics investigations. RP NAHUM, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 109 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90384-0 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900058 ER PT J AU DITUSA, JF CHEONG, SW BROHOLM, C AEPPLI, G RUPP, LW BATLOGG, B AF DITUSA, JF CHEONG, SW BROHOLM, C AEPPLI, G RUPP, LW BATLOGG, B TI ONE-DIMENSIONAL SPIN FLUCTUATIONS IN A TRANSITION-METAL OXIDE SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON AB We use inelastic neutron scattering from polycrystalline Y2BaNiO5 and Y2BaNi0.96Zn0.04O5 specimens to demonstrate that the spin fluctuations in this compound are one-dimensional. In addition they are gapped, in accord with the S=1 nature of the Ni2+ and the Haldane conjecture. The gap remains well defined and may even grow slightly in the Zn-diluted compound. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DITUSA, JF (reprint author), AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974, USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 NR 5 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90420-0 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900094 ER PT J AU GOLDNER, LS SPREEUW, RJC GERZ, C PHILLIPS, WD REYNOLDS, MW ROLSTON, SL SILVERA, IF WESTBROOK, CI AF GOLDNER, LS SPREEUW, RJC GERZ, C PHILLIPS, WD REYNOLDS, MW ROLSTON, SL SILVERA, IF WESTBROOK, CI TI DEMONSTRATION OF A MICROWAVE TRAP FOR CESIUM ATOMS SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON AB We report on the first realization of a microwave trap for neutral atoms, as proposed originally for use with spin-polarized hydrogen [1]. This trap is advantageous for attaining Bose condensation because it can contain strong or weak field seekers, while static magnetic traps contain only the less-stable weak-field seeking states. In this experiment, Cs atoms were confined in the microwave field of a room-temperature spherical resonator (Q almost-equal-to 5500) whose TE 110 mode is tuned to the blue of the ground state hyperfine splitting (9.2 GHz). Using up to 83 W of microwave power, the trap is shallow (less-than-or-equal-to 100 muK), large (almost-equal-to 1 cm) and cannot, by itself, hold Cs atoms up against gravity. We levitate atoms in the trapping state (F = 4, m(F) = 4 ground state) with a static magnetic field gradient. The trap is loaded with atoms cooled to 5 muK in optical molasses. To detect the atoms, we either release them from the trap and detect their fluorescence as they fall through a probe laser beam, or we observe them with a ccd camera as we illuminate them with laser pulses. Plans for applying this technique to spin-polarized hydrogen will be discussed in a separate presentation [2]. C1 HARVARD UNIV,LYMAN LAB PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP GOLDNER, LS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Westbrook, Christoph/B-6092-2009; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008 OI Westbrook, Christoph/0000-0002-6490-0468; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 893 EP 894 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90776-5 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900450 ER PT J AU SILVERA, IF GERZ, C GOLDNER, LS PHILLIPS, WD REYNOLDS, MW ROLSTON, SL SPREEUW, RJC WESTBROOK, CI AF SILVERA, IF GERZ, C GOLDNER, LS PHILLIPS, WD REYNOLDS, MW ROLSTON, SL SPREEUW, RJC WESTBROOK, CI TI THE MICROWAVE TRAP AND PROSPECTS FOR BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON ID SPIN-POLARIZED HYDROGEN; MAGNETIC TRAP; NEUTRAL ATOMS AB The microwave trap (MW) was proposed as a method of achieving Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen, H down. We have experimentally demonstrated this new type of atomic trap using the cesium atom. Here we review and discuss the implications and limitations of this trap for BEC. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. RP SILVERA, IF (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,LYMAN LAB PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Westbrook, Christoph/B-6092-2009; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Spreeuw, Robert/B-7571-2008 OI Westbrook, Christoph/0000-0002-6490-0468; rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Spreeuw, Robert/0000-0002-2631-5698 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 907 EP 908 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90783-8 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900457 ER PT J AU GHOSH, RN WILLIAMS, ER CLARK, AF SOULEN, RJ AF GHOSH, RN WILLIAMS, ER CLARK, AF SOULEN, RJ TI CRYOGENIC PRECISION CAPACITANCE BRIDGE USING A SINGLE-ELECTRON TUNNELING ELECTROMETER SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON AB The electronic charge can be determined by placing a known number of electrons on a calibrated capacitor and measuring the resulting voltage. Single electron tunneling (SET) electrometers with sufficient sensitivity for this application have been fabricated. We report on the design and preliminary results of a capacitance bridge experiment using an SET electrometer to measure two capacitors in a dilution refrigerator. This includes discussion of issues such as the leakage rate of a capacitor at cryogenic temperatures and the optimum coupling of the electrometer to the bridge circuit. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP GHOSH, RN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 1007 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90833-8 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900507 ER PT J AU MARTINIS, JM NAHUM, M JENSEN, HD AF MARTINIS, JM NAHUM, M JENSEN, HD TI TESTING FOR METROLOGICAL ACCURACY OF THE ELECTRON PUMP SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON ID SINGLE ELECTRONS; DEVICE AB We have measured the electron leakage rate through a 5 junction electron pump. Our observed rate of about 0.3 e/s is several orders of magnitude larger than predicted by thermal activation or cotunneling rates. Our results may be explained by the environmental theory of the Coulomb blockade where noise from the environment causes photon assisted tunneling. C1 NATL INST FUNDAMENTAL METROL,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. RP MARTINIS, JM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 1045 EP 1046 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90852-4 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900526 ER PT J AU EILES, TM DEVORET, MH MARTINIS, JM AF EILES, TM DEVORET, MH MARTINIS, JM TI COULOMB-BLOCKADE OF ANDREEV REFLECTION IN THE NSN SINGLE-ELECTRON TRANSISTOR SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON AB We have measured at low temperatures the current through a submicrometer superconducting island connected to normal metal leads by ultrasmall tunnel junctions. At low bias voltages, the current changes from being e-periodic in the applied gate charge to 2e-periodic. interpret this 2e-periodic current as a manifestation of a sequence of Andreev reflection events which transports two electrons at a time across the island. This behavior is clear evidence that there is a difference in total energy between ground states of differing electron number parity. C1 CEA SACLAY,SERV PHYS ETAT CONDENSE,GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP EILES, TM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 1111 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90885-0 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900559 ER PT J AU JAYJENSEN, HD MARTINIS, JM AF JAYJENSEN, HD MARTINIS, JM TI PERFORMANCE OF THE ELECTRON PUMP WITH STRAY CAPACITANCES SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON AB We calculate the effect of stray capacitance on the performance of the electron pump for a simplified and experimentally appropriate circuit model. We show that to first order the effect of the stray capacitances can be accounted for by replacing the junction capacitance C with C + a C(stray), where a approximately 1 and C(stray) is the average total stray capacitance of the metal islands between the junctions. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP JAYJENSEN, HD (reprint author), DANISH INST FUNDAMENTAL METROL,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 1255 EP 1256 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)90957-1 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NB789 UT WOS:A1994NB78900631 ER PT J AU MORELAND, J CLARK, AF SOULEN, RJ SMITH, JL AF MORELAND, J CLARK, AF SOULEN, RJ SMITH, JL TI THE SUPERCONDUCTING ENERGY-GAP OF BULK UBE13 SO PHYSICA B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics CY AUG 04-11, 1993 CL EUGENE, OR SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, AMER PHYS SOC, CITY EUGENE, INT INST REFRIGERAT, INT SCI FDN, JET PROPULS LABS, NATL SCI FDN, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, OXFORD INSTRUMENTS INC, TEKTRONIX INC, UNIV OREGON ID CONTACT AB The superconducting energy gap, DELTA, of bulk UBe13 was measured as a function of temperature. Junctions were made by breaking a narrow region of a specimen in a vacuum and then repositioning the broken ends to form a mechanically adjustable break junction point contact. We concluded that the 2DELTA(0)/k(B)T(c) = 4.2 by fitting the data to the BCS form assuming a T(c) of 0.80 K. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MORELAND, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB PY 1994 VL 194 BP 1727 EP 1728 DI 10.1016/0921-4526(94)91363-3 PN 2 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA NC275 UT WOS:A1994NC27500188 ER PT J AU RENEVIER, H HODEAU, JL MAREZIO, M SANTORO, A AF RENEVIER, H HODEAU, JL MAREZIO, M SANTORO, A TI ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION AND POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF YBA2(CU1-YCOY)(3)O-6+X WITH 0.05-LESS-THAN-Y-LESS-THAN-0.33 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTOR YBA2CU3O7; TWEED STRUCTURE; BOND LENGTHS; OXYGEN; SUBSTITUTION; PARAMETERS; BA2YCU3O7 AB Powder samples of YBa2(Cu-1-y)COy)(3)O-6+x compounds with y > 0.05, in the oxidized and reduced state, have been characterized by thermogravimetry, and X-ray, neutron-, and electron-diffraction methods. Neutron experiments showed that (1) the Co atoms substitute exclusively for the Cull) atoms up to y similar to 0.2; (2) extra oxygen atoms are needed to give the Co atoms the appropriate coordination number which is in average equal to 5; (3) the Cu-O distances were found to be a function of the Co concentration and the oxygen stoichiometry. Co-doping yields a lengthening of the distance between the plane Cu and the apical oxygen and a corresponding shortening of the distance between the chain Cu and the same oxygen. For 0.025 less than or equal to y less than or equal to 0.10 the electron-diffraction experiments showed the presence of diffuse scattering indicating the existence of two superposed fields of transverse displacements modulated with long periodicities (4-5) (a+b)) along the [110] directions. For higher Co concentration diffuse scattering still exists, but indicates shorter modulation periodicities along the same directions. This diffuse scattering is due to local orthorhombic-like distortions induced by the Co insertion and distribution. The Co atoms tend to form dimers or small dusters which favor micro-twinning. The bond-distance analysis showed that the formal valence of the plane Cu atoms is the important factor in determining the value of T-c, provided that only the chain Cu atoms are substituted. Our results are in agreement with those obtained by other authors for the Fe-doped 123 compounds. C1 AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RENEVIER, H (reprint author), UJF,CRISTALLOG LAB,CNRS,BP 166,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE. NR 35 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 220 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 159 DI 10.1016/0921-4534(94)90895-8 PG 17 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MW368 UT WOS:A1994MW36800019 ER PT J AU CHARRON, E GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH AF CHARRON, E GIUSTISUZOR, A MIES, FH TI FRAGMENT ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION IN ONE-COLOR AND 2-COLOR PHOTODISSOCIATION BY STRONG LASER FIELDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD-DISSOCIATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; STABILIZATION; MOLECULES; ALIGNMENT; H-2+; H2 AB We present calculations fdr H-2(+) photodissociation in intense short laser pulses where molecular rotation is fully included, resulting in the experimentally observed alignment of the photofragments. In addition, we show that by using a coherent superposition (phase-locked) of a fundamental radiation and its second harmonic, a strong asymmetry between the forwards and backwards proton distribution can be observed. Both the total dissociation probability and the asymmetry of the ion distribution are sensitive to the relative phase of the two colors and thus Subject to coherent control. C1 LAB CHIM PHYS PARIS,F-75231 PARIS,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHARRON, E (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RI Charron, Eric/A-9017-2011 OI Charron, Eric/0000-0003-1660-6368 NR 24 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 2 BP R641 EP R644 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.R641 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA MW352 UT WOS:A1994MW35200003 ER PT J AU OBRIAN, TR KIM, JB LAN, G MCILRATH, TJ LUCATORTO, TB AF OBRIAN, TR KIM, JB LAN, G MCILRATH, TJ LUCATORTO, TB TI VERIFICATION OF THE PONDEROMOTIVE APPROXIMATION FOR THE AC STARK SHIFT IN XE RYDBERG LEVELS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; LASER; XENON AB We report direct measurements of the ac Stark shifts of Xe Rydberg levels in high-intensity laser fields (up to 6 GW/cm(2)), demonstrating the expected near-ponderomotive behavior. These measurements provide extensive unambiguous evidence for the validity of perturbative calculations of the nonresonant ac Stark shift at these intensities. C1 KOREA ATOM ENERGY RES INST,DEPT ATOM SPECT,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP OBRIAN, TR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB PY 1994 VL 49 IS 2 BP R649 EP R652 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.R649 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA MW352 UT WOS:A1994MW35200005 ER PT J AU NATALISORA, I HUANG, Q LYNN, JW ROSOV, N KAREN, P KJEKSHUS, A KAREN, VL MIGHELL, AD SANTORO, A AF NATALISORA, I HUANG, Q LYNN, JW ROSOV, N KAREN, P KJEKSHUS, A KAREN, VL MIGHELL, AD SANTORO, A TI NEUTRON-POWDER-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE NUCLEAR AND MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES OF THE SUBSTITUTION COMPOUND (Y1-XCAX)BA2FE3O8+DELTA (X=0.05, 0.10, AND 0.20) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; YBA2FE3O8; TC AB The nuclear and magnetic structures of (Y1-xCax)Ba2Fe3O8+delta with x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 have been investigated by neutron-powder diffraction at room temperature. The compound crystallizes with the symmetry of space group P4/mmm and has a structure similar to that of the superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 (1:2:3). There are two types of Fe atoms in the unit cell, one having fivefold pyramidal coordination and the other octahedral coordination. The Ca and Y atoms are randomly distributed over the 1/2,1/2,1/2 position, which are exclusively occupied by Y in the 1:2:3 superconductor. Since the oxygen sites on the basal plane of the structure are fully occupied to achieve octahedral coordination for the iron atoms on this plane, the oxygen content is eight atoms per formula unit, the barium atoms are twelvefold coordinated, and the coordination polyhedron is a cuboctahedron. Extra oxygen atoms corresponding to delta = 0.08 and 0.05 are located in the Y/Ca layer. The presence of these atoms produces disorder in the structure resulting in a shift of the oxygen atoms located near the plane of the pyramidal iron atoms. The charge compensation required by the substitution of Y3+ by Ca2+ is achieved in these materials by elimination of the extra oxygen, rather than oxidation of the iron atoms. The magnetic structure is based on a unit cell related to that of the nuclear structure by the transformation of axes (1,-1,0/1,1,0/0,0,2). The magnetic origin of some of the observed diffraction peaks was established by polarized neutron diffraction measurements. As in YBa2Fe3O8, the iron moments are coupled antiferromagnetically within each (FeO2) layer as well as along the c axis of the structure, and they lie in the planes perpendicular to c. The magnetic moments of the two iron atoms are practically identical and have values at room temperature of (mu) = 3.50(3)mu(B), 3.52(2)mu(B), and 3.62(2)mu(B) for the three compositions x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20, respectively. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV OSLO, DEPT CHEM, N-0315 OSLO, NORWAY. RI Natali Sora, Isabella/C-8357-2011; Karen, Pavel/A-9062-2008 OI Karen, Pavel/0000-0003-2937-6477 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 5 BP 3465 EP 3472 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.3465 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MW349 UT WOS:A1994MW34900059 ER PT J AU MOSER, EK TOMASCH, WJ MCCLOREY, MJ FURDYNA, JK COFFEY, MW PETTIETTEHALL, CL SCHWARZBEK, SM AF MOSER, EK TOMASCH, WJ MCCLOREY, MJ FURDYNA, JK COFFEY, MW PETTIETTEHALL, CL SCHWARZBEK, SM TI MICROWAVE PROPERTIES OF YBA2CU3O7-X FILMS AT 35 GHZ FROM MAGNETOTRANSMISSION AND MAGNETOREFLECTION MEASUREMENTS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; RF MAGNETIC-PERMEABILITY; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD AB Microwave transmission and reflection measurements are performed simultaneously on thin films (approximately 1800 angstrom) of YBa2Cu3O7-x having their c axis perpendicular to the LaAlO3 substrate. We determine power transmission and reflection fractions, T(T, H) and R(T, H), as functions of temperature and static magnetic field (0 < H < 5.4 T), the latter being applied perpendicular to the film. A guided-wave model, which we develop for our experimental situation, is the basis of a computational algorithm that extracts quantitative values of the complex penetration depth lambda, or alternatively the complex surface impedance Z(s), from T and R data. This inversion algorithm is successful when applied to test data generated from a phenomenological theory describing the electrodynamic response of a type-II superconductor. The procedure is applied to T(T, H) and R(T, H) measurements to infer the temperature- and field-dependent complex penetration depth lambda(T, H) that completely characterizes the superconductive film's electromagnetic response. C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. TRW CO INC,SPACE & TECHNOL,REDONDO BEACH,CA 90278. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 6 BP 4199 EP 4208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.4199 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MW351 UT WOS:A1994MW35100060 ER PT J AU HACKNEY, JM KRAEMER, GP ATALLA, RH VANDERHART, DL CHAPMAN, DJ AF HACKNEY, JM KRAEMER, GP ATALLA, RH VANDERHART, DL CHAPMAN, DJ TI INFLUENCE OF HYDRODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT ON COMPOSITION AND MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIZATION OF STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES IN EGREGIA-MENZIESII CELL-WALLS SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE ALGINATE; CELLULOSE; CELL WALL; CRYSTALLINE ALLOMORPHS; HYDRODYNAMICS; PHAEOPHYTA ID CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS; C-13 NMR; NATIVE CELLULOSES; MARINE-ALGAE; VARIABILITY; SETCHELL; TISSUES; SPECTRA; INVITRO; FLOW AB To test whether secondary and tertiary structures of marine-algal structural polysaccharides may be altered during adaptive responses to hydrodynamic stresses, juvenile Egregia menziesii (Turn.) Aresch. sporophytes were cultured under three different regimes: (i) low-energy (LE) specimens were subjected to water motion produced by standard bubbling and circulation of tank water; (ii) high-energy (HE) specimens received additional movement in pumped streams of water; and (iii) stretched (STR) specimens were grown under low-energy conditions but also were subjected to constant, longitudinal tension (0.7 N). After 6-10 weeks growth, cell-wall structural polysaccharides from specimen blades were isolated by solubilizing less-ordered matrix polysaccharides. Neutral-sugar and uronic acid contents of these isolates were measured, and samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction and by Raman and C-13-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. On average, structural polysaccharides formed about 7.2% of dry-weight biomass. The portion of isolated mass accountable to neutral sugars ranged from an average of 85% for STR sporophytes to 94% for both LE and HE specimens. For all specimens, glucose composed an average of 99% of this fraction. Uronic acids could not be detected in isolates from any treatment group. Cellulose dominance in each isolate was indicated clearly in x-ray diffraction patterns and in Raman and C-13-NMR spectra. These data further demonstrated that both the cellulose I allomorph and the disordered form of the polymer were present in each isolate and that the STR isolate contained small quantities of the cellulose II allomorph. In general, the LE and HE samples had very similar crystallinity; lateral order was slightly more developed in LE samples. However, the STR treatment produced cellulose with lowest crystallinity and least lateral order. Results suggest that mechanical stress modified cellulose crystallinity in these kelps by altering levels of disordered cellulose and lateral dimensions of cellulose crystallites and, in one instance, changed the crystallinity qualitatively. Physical disturbances to cell plasma membranes may have instigated these trends. In the STR specimens in particular, such disturbances might have been supplemented by fundamental changes to kelp physiology, affecting both substantial decreases in crystallinity and production of the cellulose II allomorph. Changes in the nature of the cellulose cannot, however, account for changes in the elastic moduli. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, DEPT BIOL, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV 440, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP USDA, FOREST SERV, FOREST PROD LAB, 1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA. NR 92 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD FEB PY 1994 VL 192 IS 4 BP 461 EP 472 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA MY959 UT WOS:A1994MY95900002 ER PT J AU BHAT, TN BENTLEY, GA BOULOT, G GREENE, MI TELLO, D DALLACQUA, W SOUCHON, H SCHWARZ, FP MARIUZZA, RA POLJAK, RJ AF BHAT, TN BENTLEY, GA BOULOT, G GREENE, MI TELLO, D DALLACQUA, W SOUCHON, H SCHWARZ, FP MARIUZZA, RA POLJAK, RJ TI BOUND WATER-MOLECULES AND CONFORMATIONAL STABILIZATION HELP MEDIATE AN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY ASSOCIATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ANTIGEN ANTIBODY COMPLEX; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY OF ASSOCIATION; HYDRATION ID PROCESSES INVOLVING PROTEINS; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT; INHIBITOR COMPLEXES; SERINE PROTEASE; FAB FRAGMENTS; X-RAY; BINDING; THERMODYNAMICS; SPECIFICITY AB We report the three-dimensional structures, at 1.8-angstrom resolution, of the Fv fragment of the anti-hen egg white lysozyme antibody D1.3 in its free and antigen-bound forms. These structures reveal a role for solvent molecules in stabilizing the complex and provide a molecular basis for understanding the thermodynamic forces which drive the association reaction. Four water molecules are buried and others form a hydrogen-bonded network around the interface, bridging antigen and antibody. Comparison of the structures of free and bound Fv fragment of D1.3 reveals that several of the ordered water molecules in the free antibody combining site are retained and that additional water molecules link antigen and antibody upon complex formation. This solvation of the complex should weaken the hydrophobic effect, and tbe resulting large number of solvent-mediated hydrogen bonds, in conjunction with direct protein-protein interactions, should generate a significant enthalpic component. Furthermore, a stabilization of the relative mobilities of the antibody heavy- and light-chain variable domains and of that of the third complementarity-determining loop of the heavy chain seen in the complex should generate a negative entropic contribution opposing the enthalpic and the hydrophobic (solvent entropy) effects. This structural analysis is consistent with measurements of enthalpy and entropy changes by titration calorimetry, which show that enthalpy drives the antigen-antibody reaction. Thus, the main forces stabilizing the complex arise from antigen-antibody hydrogen bonding, can der Waals interactions, enthalpy of hydration, and conformational stabilization rather than solvent entropy (hydrophobic) effects. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST BIOTECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. INST PASTEUR,CNRS,IMMUNOL STRUCT UA 359,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RI Bentley, Graham/B-3623-2011 NR 37 TC 407 Z9 412 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1093 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.3.1089 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MV278 UT WOS:A1994MV27800055 PM 8302837 ER PT J AU JACH, T CHESTER, MJ THURGATE, SM AF JACH, T CHESTER, MJ THURGATE, SM TI GRAZING ANGLE X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION SYSTEM FOR DEPTH-DEPENDENT ANALYSIS SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTION AB We have developed an x-ray photoelectron spectrometer system which combines an adjustable grazing incidence angle source with reflected beam detection. When operated about the critical angle, this combination permits a variation-of the x-ray penetration depth which can be monitored by means of the reflectivity. At angles of incidence less than the critical angle, the sampling depth of the photoemission is diminished, but the photoemission from the surface is enhanced due to the constructive interference of the incident and reflected x-ray beams. When used with MgK alpha radiation (E(gamma) 1253.6 eV), the spectrometry system obtains useful distributions of chemical species in surface layers of 10-40 Angstrom thickness. We present data showing the depth dependence obtained with the spectrometer of different oxides in a sulfide-treated, oxidized GaAs (100) surface. C1 MURDOCH UNIV,SCH MATH & PHYS SCI,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. RP JACH, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 65 IS 2 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1063/1.1145193 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA MX032 UT WOS:A1994MX03200008 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, CA CROSS, RW KOS, AB AF THOMPSON, CA CROSS, RW KOS, AB TI MICROMAGNETIC SCANNING MICROPROBE SYSTEM SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTS AB We describe the apparatus, instrumentation, and data acquisition techniques which make up the micromagnetic scanning microprobe system (MSMS). This system Was developed to study magnetoresistive (MR) thin films used in magnetic recording read heads. Et uses a de, four-probe resistance measurement coupled with two pairs of orthogonal field sources. Voltage contacts to the thin film are made with microprobe tips 0.1 mu m in diameter on local edge and central regions of the film. Horizontal and vertical microscopes are used to verify tip placement. Results from magnetoresistance measurements of the dynamic response of a MR read head film are shown to demonstrate system operation and performance. The bulk and local magnetoresistance of a 10 mu m X 10 mu m NiFe thin film was measured as a function of applied field and angle. Significant variations in MR responses were seen across the width of the device because of local domain formation. The MSMS is an effective tool for characterizing the effects of domain formation on the output of a MR read head. RP THOMPSON, CA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 65 IS 2 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.1063/1.1145142 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA MX032 UT WOS:A1994MX03200016 ER PT J AU WANG, PS MALGHAN, SG HSU, SM WITTBERG, TN AF WANG, PS MALGHAN, SG HSU, SM WITTBERG, TN TI X-RAY-INDUCED AES STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF CHEMICALLY BOUND HYDROGEN ON THE OXIDATION-KINETICS OF AN SI3N4 POWDER SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Symposium on Applied Surface Analysis CY JUN 09-11, 1993 CL CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH SP AMER VACUUM SOC, APPL SURFACE SCI DIV HO CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON-NITRIDE; XPS AB Silicon nitride powders manufactured by the pyrolysis of silane and ammonia were found to contain chemically bound hydrogen. Most of this hydrogen could be removed by vacuum annealing at 1000-degrees-C. In the present study, x-ray-induced AES has been used to determine the oxidation kinetics for vacuum-annealed Si3N4 powders that were heated in air at temperatures between 850 and 975-degrees-C. The average oxide thickness on the surface of the powder particles for each temperature and oxidation time was calculated from the ratio of the SiO2 to Si3N4 Si KLL peak intensities. The results are compared with those for the as-manufactured powder, which contained the hydrogen impurity. For both annealed and unannealed powder, the oxidation rate was linear within the temperature range 850-1000-degrees-C. Within this temperature range, the oxidation rate was significantly higher for the vacuum-annealed Si3N4 powder. C1 UNIV DAYTON,RES INST,DAYTON,OH 45469. RP WANG, PS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 21 IS 2 BP 155 EP 159 DI 10.1002/sia.740210215 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA NE527 UT WOS:A1994NE52700014 ER PT J AU WIESLER, DG TONEY, MF MELROY, OR MCMILLAN, CS SMYRL, WH AF WIESLER, DG TONEY, MF MELROY, OR MCMILLAN, CS SMYRL, WH TI X-RAY-DIFFRACTION FROM ANODIC TIO2 FILMS - IN-SITU AND EX-SITU COMPARISON OF THE TI(0001) FACE SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; OXIDE-FILMS; TITANIUM; RADIATION; SURFACES AB X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation is used to study the structure and epitaxy of a thin (approximately 250 angstrom) anodic film grown slowly on the basal plane of single-crystal Ti. Anatase crystallites, roughly 130 angstrom in diameter, am observed, with no indication of other forms of TiO2 or films with lower oxidation state. The oxide is more orientationally disordered than films grown on the (1120BAR) and (1010BAR) faces of Ti, but it exhibits weak six- and twelve-fold texturing by the metal sublayer. In situ and ex situ measurements are qualitatively similar, suggesting that the oxide does not change appreciably upon emersion. C1 IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. UNIV MINNESOTA,CORROS RES CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP WIESLER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 302 IS 3 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(94)90838-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA MW595 UT WOS:A1994MW59500015 ER PT J AU SIEWERT, TA MADIGAN, RB QUINN, TP AF SIEWERT, TA MADIGAN, RB QUINN, TP TI COMPUTERS IN WELDING - A PRIMER SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article RP SIEWERT, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 73 IS 2 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MV075 UT WOS:A1994MV07500006 ER PT J AU HEALD, PR MADICAN, RB SIEWERT, TA LIU, S AF HEALD, PR MADICAN, RB SIEWERT, TA LIU, S TI MAPPING THE DROPLET TRANSFER MODES FOR AN ER100S-1 GMAW ELECTRODE SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GMAW; METAL TRANSF MODES; ER 100S-1 ELECTRODE; CTWD; SPRAY TRANSFER; MAPPING; WIRE FEED RATE; VOLTAGE; CURRENT AB Welds were made with a 1.2mm-diameter AWS ER100S-1 electrode using Ar-2% O-2 Shielding gas to map the effects of contact-tube-to-work distance (13, 19 and 25 mm), current, voltage, and wire feed rate on metal transfer. The droplet transfer modes were identified for each map by both the sound of the are and images from a laser back-lit highspeed video system. The modes were correlated to digital records of the voltage and current fluctuations. The maps contain detailed information on the spray transfer mode, including the boundaries of drop spray, streaming spray and rotating spray modes. The metal transfer mode boundaries shifted with an increase in contact-tube-to-work distance. Increasing the contact-tube-to-work distance from 13 to 19 mm resulted in a 15 mm/s increase in the wire feed rate for the globular-to-drop-spray transition. C1 NIST,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO. COLORADO SCH MINES,CTR WELDING & JOINING RES,GOLDEN,CO. RP HEALD, PR (reprint author), PHILLIPS SIXTY SIX CO,DIV REFINING,BORGER,TX, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 73 IS 2 BP S38 EP S44 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA MV075 UT WOS:A1994MV07500014 ER PT J AU REINTSEMA, CD ONO, RH HARVEY, TE MISSERT, N VALE, LR AF REINTSEMA, CD ONO, RH HARVEY, TE MISSERT, N VALE, LR TI PHASE-LOCKING IN 2-JUNCTION SYSTEMS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR NORMAL METAL-SUPERCONDUCTOR JUNCTIONS SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON; ARRAYS AB Mutual phase locking between two high-temperature step-edge superconducting-normal metal-superconducting junctions has been investigated using a two-junction circuit with a nonsuperconducting feedback path. The strength of the phase-locked state has been characterized as a function of locking frequency and temperature. Results are presented for a planar circuit as well as for a multilayer circuit incorporating a superconducting ground plane. The observed behavior was significantly enhanced for the circuit over a ground plane. Characterization of the phase locked state at 4 K yielded locking strengths as large as \I-L\/(I) over bar(c)=9%, and maximum locking frequencies to 1.06 THz. The magnitude of the locking strength decreased rapidly with increasing temperature with complete loss of coherence occurring at temperatures greater than 35K. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP REINTSEMA, CD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 31 PY 1994 VL 64 IS 5 BP 637 EP 639 DI 10.1063/1.111073 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MU633 UT WOS:A1994MU63300036 ER PT J AU BALIZER, E FEDDERLY, J HAUGHT, D DICKENS, B DEREGGI, AS AF BALIZER, E FEDDERLY, J HAUGHT, D DICKENS, B DEREGGI, AS TI FTIR AND X-RAY STUDY OF POLYMORPHS OF NYLON-11 AND RELATION TO FERROELECTRICITY SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NYLON-11; DEUTERATION; FERMI RESONANCES; POLYMORPHS; CRYSTAL TRANSITIONS AB Nylon-11 polymorphs have been studied by x-ray diffraction and by infrared spectroscopy. A gamma or gamma-like phase of Nylon-11 was produced by treating the metastable delta' phase with gaseous HCl or DCl and then exposing the resulting complex (amidonium salt) to 100% RH H2O or D2O vapor. An oriented form of the gamma or gamma-like phase results from treatment of the oriented delta' phase, but stretching of the unoriented gamma or gamma-like phase, obtained by treatment of the unoriented delta' phase, induces a transformation to the ct phase stable at room temperature. The use of DCl and D2O produced highly deuterated samples with Fermi resonances indicating the relative strengths of the hydrogen bonds are weakest in the a phase, intermediate in the delta' phase and strongest in the gamma or gamma-like phase. (C) 1994 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BALIZER, E (reprint author), NSWC,POLYMER PHYS GRP,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 1994 VL 32 IS 2 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1002/polb.1994.090320219 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA MN970 UT WOS:A1994MN97000019 ER PT J AU GELTMAN, S AF GELTMAN, S TI EXCITATION AND IONIZATION OF HYDROGEN-ATOMS BY ULTRA-INTENSE FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY LASER-PULSES; ELECTRON LOCALIZATION; SUPERINTENSE; SUPPRESSION; STABILIZATION; POLARIZATION; DICHOTOMY; SPECTRA AB The Volkov wavepacket is used to trace the evolution of a ground-state hydrogen atom in an ultra-intense field, where the peak electric field strength is larger than the mean Coulomb binding field. We find the probabilities for excitation and ionization by projecting the time-dependent wavefunction onto the field-free atomic states. The ground-state atom is found to be drastically shaken up into highly excited Rydberg states and continuum states within a very short time. Results are given for linearly and circularly polarized oscillating fields and for static fields. The dominant mechanism is field excitation and emission as a result of the instantaneous binding potential being suppressed below all bound-state energy levels. Our results are quite different from those of several other authors, some of whom claim that bound-state stabilization occurs in the high-field limit. We see no stabilization and we comment on possible reasons for the diverse results. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP GELTMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 1994 VL 27 IS 2 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/27/2/004 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA MV121 UT WOS:A1994MV12100004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, LL STEIN, JE COLLIER, TK CASILLAS, E VARANASI, U AF JOHNSON, LL STEIN, JE COLLIER, TK CASILLAS, E VARANASI, U TI INDICATORS OF REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT IN PRESPAWNING FEMALE WINTER FLOUNDER (PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS) FROM URBAN AND NONURBAN ESTUARIES IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED-STATES SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTION; WINTER FLOUNDER; CONTAMINANTS; AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED BI-PHENYLS ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; XENOBIOTIC METABOLIZING ENZYMES; ENGLISH SOLE; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PUGET-SOUND; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; HEPATIC-LESIONS AB The relationship between exposure to xenobiotic compounds and ovarian development was evaluated in prespawning female winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) sampled from eleven sites on the northeast coast of the United States during the 1988 and 1989 spawning seasons. Three sites were located in Boston Harbor, MA, four sites were in Raritan Bay, NJ and four sites were in nearby embayments. Sediments from these sites exhibited a wide range in concentrations of xenobiotic compounds (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations ranged from 20 to 50 000 ng/g dry wt. and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations ranged from 2 to 1400 ng/g dry wt.), with the sites in Boston Harbor and Raritan Bay the most heavily contaminated. The following parameters associated with ovarian development were measured: ovarian developmental stage, ovarian atresia, gonadosomatic index, plasma estradiol. fecundity and egg weight. Contaminant exposure was assessed by measuring concentrations of fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in the bile, hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity, concentrations of PCB in liver, ovary and brain and concentrations of xenobiotic-DNA adducts in liver tissue. Additionally, liver tissue was examined histologically for the presence of suspected toxicopathic lesions. In general, indicators of contaminant exposure were elevated and prevalences of suspected toxicopathic lesions were highest in fish from sites within Boston Harbor and Raritan Bay. Hepatic AHH activity, however, was heavily influenced by the reproductive cycle and showed little correlation with other indicators of contaminant exposure. Evidence of decreased egg weight and increased atresia in fish with high tissue concentrations of PCB or high levels of FACs in bile was observed. However, contaminant exposure had no clear negative impact on gonadal recrudescence, gonadosomatic index, plasma estradiol concentrations, or fecundity in female winter flounder. These results are in contrast to results with another Pleuronectid species, English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), which shows inhibited gonadal development and lower plasma estradiol concentrations at contaminated sites in Puget Sound, WA. The apparent difference between English sole and winter flounder in susceptibility to contaminant-induced reproductive dysfunction could be related to a number of factors, including the differences in the migratory behavior of the two species during the reproductive season. English sole reside in contaminated estuaries throughout vitellogenesis and move offshore to spawn, while winter flounder often remain offshore for extended periods during early vitellogenesis and move into contaminated estuaries prior to spawning. Because of these contrasting migration patterns, both the duration and timing of exposure to contaminants during gonadal recrudescence may differ substantially in these two species and may contribute, in part, to the observed differences in the prevalence of reproductive dysfunction in fish from contaminated estuaries. RP JOHNSON, LL (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES CTR, DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 98 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 25 PY 1994 VL 141 BP 241 EP 260 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90031-0 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MX539 UT WOS:A1994MX53900020 ER PT J AU BEYER, HF LIESEN, D BOSCH, F FINLAYSON, KD JUNG, M KLEPPER, O MOSHAMMER, R BECKERT, K EICKHOFF, H FRANZKE, B NOLDEN, F SPADTKE, P STECK, M AF BEYER, HF LIESEN, D BOSCH, F FINLAYSON, KD JUNG, M KLEPPER, O MOSHAMMER, R BECKERT, K EICKHOFF, H FRANZKE, B NOLDEN, F SPADTKE, P STECK, M TI X-RAYS FROM RADIATIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE OF FREE COOLING ELECTRONS FOR PRECISE LAMB-SHIFT MEASUREMENTS AT HIGH-Z-AU78+ SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID LATTICE AB Spontaneous capture of free cooling electrons by bare high-Z ions leads to the emission of X rays which have been observed for the first time. The distinctive features of this X-ray source for precision spectroscopy of high-Z few-electron systems are demonstrated. They enabled a determination of the 1s Lamb shift of hydrogen-like Au78+ (212 +/- 15 eV) to an accuracy of 7%. This is more precise than any other measurement previously reported for a very heavy ion. C1 UNIV LEIPZIG,D-04103 LEIPZIG,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BEYER, HF (reprint author), GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH MBH,D-64291 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 24 PY 1994 VL 184 IS 6 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(94)90519-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MW176 UT WOS:A1994MW17600012 ER PT J AU COURSEY, BM CALHOUN, JM CESSNA, J GOLAS, DB SCHIMA, FJ UNTENWEGER, MP AF COURSEY, BM CALHOUN, JM CESSNA, J GOLAS, DB SCHIMA, FJ UNTENWEGER, MP TI LIQUID-SCINTILLATION COUNTING TECHNIQUES FOR THE STANDARDIZATION OF RADIONUCLIDES USED IN THERAPY SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Committee-for-Radionuclide-Metrology Symposium on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications CY JUN 07-09, 1993 CL TEDDINGTON, ENGLAND SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL ID DECAY AB Radionuclides are increasingly used in therapeutic nuclear medicine. The CIEMAT/NIST method of standardizing high-energy beta-particle emitters is being applied to a list of candidate radionuclides developed by the US nuclear medicine community. Standards and standard methods are needed by the pharmaceutical manufacturers in North America before these nuclides can be widely distributed. Solutions standardized by liquid-scintillation counting are used to establish counting efficiencies for Cerenkov counting and NaI(Tl) well crystals, and potentiometer settings for commercial radionuclide calibrators. Results are presented for a number of beta-particle-emitting radionuclides. RP COURSEY, BM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,US TECHNOL ADM,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 22 PY 1994 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 30 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(94)91773-6 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA MV353 UT WOS:A1994MV35300006 ER PT J AU UNTENWEGER, MP HUTCHINSON, JMR HEDGE, PA AF UNTENWEGER, MP HUTCHINSON, JMR HEDGE, PA TI MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION OF LARGE-AREA ALPHA-PARTICLE SOURCES AT NIST SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Committee-for-Radionuclide-Metrology Symposium on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications CY JUN 07-09, 1993 CL TEDDINGTON, ENGLAND SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL AB Work has been performed at NIST to develop and calibrate large-area Pu-238 alpha-particle sources and related measuring equipment. A large-area-source X-ray counting system and a 2 pi alpha internal gas-proportional counting system were used for the primary calibration of these sources. Studies have been performed to relate these calibrations to the measurement of thin, large area Pu-239 sources, which are of primary interest but are generally unavailable in the necessary high specific activities required. Two systems have been characterized for the monitoring and measurement of large-area alpha sources: (i) a source-detector mounting unit developed at MST to calibrate monitoring systems by mounting a standard source of plutonium at an accurately calibrated distance from the user's alpha-monitoring detector; (ii) a diffused-junction silicon semiconductor detector which is used as a transfer standard from low to high activity of large-area alpha-particle sources. A determination of the L X-ray emission probability for Pu-239 has been made. RP UNTENWEGER, MP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 22 PY 1994 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(94)91788-4 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA MV353 UT WOS:A1994MV35300020 ER PT J AU MAKEPEACE, JL CLARK, FE PICOLO, JL COURSOL, N GUNTHER, E UNTERWEGER, MP AF MAKEPEACE, JL CLARK, FE PICOLO, JL COURSOL, N GUNTHER, E UNTERWEGER, MP TI INTERCOMPARISON OF INTERNAL PROPORTIONAL GAS COUNTING OF KR-85 AND H-3 SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Committee-for-Radionuclide-Metrology Symposium on Radionuclide Metrology and its Applications CY JUN 07-09, 1993 CL TEDDINGTON, ENGLAND SP INT COMM RADIONUCLIDE METROL AB An international intercomparison of internal proportional gas counting of Kr-85 and H-3 has been carried out under the auspices of EUROMET, a European Collaboration in Measurement Standards. A sample of Kr-85 mixed with inactive krypton gas was measured at three laboratories and a sample of H-3 mixed with nitrogen gas was measured at four laboratories. In each case agreement was achieved within the stated uncertainties. The experimental techniques employed at each of the participating laboratories are described and a statement of the results and conclusions is provided. C1 LPRI,SACLAY,FRANCE. PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MAKEPEACE, JL (reprint author), NATL PHYS LAB,TEDDINGTON,MIDDX,ENGLAND. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 22 PY 1994 VL 339 IS 1-2 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1016/0168-9002(94)91829-5 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA MV353 UT WOS:A1994MV35300059 ER PT J AU SIKORA, M BEGELMAN, MC REES, MJ AF SIKORA, M BEGELMAN, MC REES, MJ TI COMPTONIZATION OF DIFFUSE AMBIENT RADIATION BY A RELATIVISTIC JET - THE SOURCE OF GAMMA-RAYS FROM BLAZARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, JETS; GAMMA RAYS, THEORY; RADIATION MECHANISMS, MISCELLANEOUS ID X-RAY; MULTIFREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS; RADIO-SOURCES; CONTINUUM; MARKARIAN-421 AB Recent EGRET observations of blazars have revealed strong, variable gamma-ray fluxes with no signatures of gamma-ray absorption by pair production. This radiation probably originates from the inner parts of relativistic jets which are aimed nearly toward us. On sub-parsec scales, the jet will be pervaded by radiation from the broad-line region, as well as by photons from the central continuum source (some of which will be scattered by thermal plasma). In a frame moving with the relativistic outflow, the energy of this ambient radiation would be enhanced. This radiation would be Comptonized by both cold and relativistic electrons in the jet, yielding (in the observer's frame) a collimated beam of X-rays and gamma rays. On the assumption that this process dominates self-Comptonization of synchrotron radiation, we develop a self-consistent model for variable gamma-ray emission, involving a single population of relativistic electrons accelerated by a disturbance in the jet. The spectral break between the X-ray and gamma-ray band, observed in 3C 279 and deduced for other blazars, results from inefficient radiative cooling of lower energy electrons. The existence of such a break strongly favors a model involving Comptonization of an external radiation field over a synchrotron self-Compton model. We derive constraints on such model parameters as the location and speed of the source, its dimensions and internal physical parameters, the maximum photon energies produced in the source, and the density and distribution of ambient radiation. Finally, we discuss how observations might discriminate between our model and alternative ones invoking Comptonization of ambient radiation. Extension of gamma-ray spectra up to TeV energies (as observed in Mrk 421) is possible in an external Comptonization picture, provided that the ambient seed photons are in the infrared band (e.g., thermal emission by warm dust). C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. POLISH ACAD SCI,COPERNICUS ASTRON CTR,WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. INST ASTRON,CAMBRIDGE,CAMBS,ENGLAND. RP SIKORA, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 35 TC 772 Z9 783 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 421 IS 1 BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1086/173633 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MU449 UT WOS:A1994MU44900015 ER PT J AU DRAKE, JJ BROWN, A PATTERER, RJ VEDDER, PW BOWYER, S GUINAN, EF AF DRAKE, JJ BROWN, A PATTERER, RJ VEDDER, PW BOWYER, S GUINAN, EF TI DETECTION OF ROTATIONAL MODULATION IN THE CORONAL EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION FROM V711 TAURI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BINARIES, DOSE; STARS, ACTIVITY; STARS, CORONAE; STARS, LATE-TYPE; X-RAYS, STARS ID RS CVN SYSTEM; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; EXOSAT OBSERVATION; CANUM VENATICORUM; IUE OBSERVATIONS; DRACONIS STARS; AR LACERTAE; II-PEGASI; HR 1099; FLARES AB The RS CVn binary V711 Tauri was observed by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite (EUVE) twice during the latter half of 1992, for periods lasting several days. Light curves for the waveband 60-180 Angstrom derived;from the all-sky survey scanning in August and from a pointed calibration observation made in October both exhibit a modulation of about 40%. The modulation in both data sets is very similar, with minimum flux occurring near orbital phase phi = 0.5. Analysis using a two-temperature optically thin plasma emission model reveals that most of the detected extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux emanates from hot (similar to 10(7) K) coronal plasma. The modulation is probably mostly due to either flare-like activity or to rotational occultation of a long-lived compact, and especially bright coronal structure on the more active star of the system. The phased data support the latter hypothesis. This coronal structure is then likely to be associated with the presistent spot patterns seen on V711 Tau when using Doppler and photometric surface imaging techniques. Comparison with contemporaneous Stromgren b-band photometry indicates that the optical minimum light leads the EUV maximum light by 90 degrees in phase. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. VILLANOVA UNIV,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,VILLANOVA,PA 19085. RP DRAKE, JJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,CTR EUV ASTROPHYS,2150 KITTREDGE ST,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 421 IS 1 BP L43 EP L46 DI 10.1086/187183 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MU450 UT WOS:A1994MU45000012 PM 11539406 ER PT J AU GAYNOR, JE AF GAYNOR, JE TI ACCURACY OF SODAR WIND VARIANCE MEASUREMENTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques of the Atmosphere and Oceans CY MAY 26-29, 1992 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB The International Sodar Intercomparison Experiment (ISIE) offered a unique opportunity to test in detail the capabilities of commercial Doppler sodars to measure the mean wind and wind variance. The ISIE was held between 6 and 22 September 1988. Three commercial sodars were placed within 300m of the base of the 300-m high Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) tower. The sodars operated concurrently, allowing flexibility and simplicity in the comparisons. The results presented here compare sodar second moment calculations of the wind averaged over 20-min periods with similar calculations from sonic anemometers at three levels on the BAO tower. The standard deviations of the vertical wind, sigma(omega), and the cross-wind component, sigma(upsilon), are statistically compared. The sodar-derived sigma(omega) quantities compare reasonably well, while sigma(upsilon), quantities compare poorly with the sonic anemometer-derived quantities. These results were expected because of the increased variance in the sodar sigma(upsilon) calculations caused by the temporal and spatial volume separation of sodar three-axis systems, while sigma(omega) is calculated from a single vertically directed axis. The radial standard deviations from each sodar were compared with similar wind component standard deviations from the tower sonic anemometers to test this hypothesis. The results of this comparison indicate that beam wander may be a more serious problem. RP GAYNOR, JE (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 313 EP 324 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MY770 UT WOS:A1994MY77000011 ER PT J AU MURSCHRADLGRUBER, E WOLFE, DE GREGG, DW KING, CW NEFF, WD SHARP, KAH RUFFIEUX, D AF MURSCHRADLGRUBER, E WOLFE, DE GREGG, DW KING, CW NEFF, WD SHARP, KAH RUFFIEUX, D TI NOAAS PORTABLE, HIGH-FREQUENCY MINISODAR DESIGN AND 1ST RESULTS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques of the Atmosphere and Oceans CY MAY 26-29, 1992 CL ATHENS, GREECE AB A new portable, monostatic, high-frequency minisodar for investigating the structure and dynamics of the lower planetary boundary layer is described. The minisodar's digital system was designed to be flexible and portable. A special microantenna system using arrays of small piezoelectric tweeters was developed. Examples of facsimile records from measurements in the Arctic with Doppler-analysis of the vertical velocity demonstrate the capabilities of the minisodar. C1 NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MURSCHRADLGRUBER, E (reprint author), AGR UNIV VIENNA,INST METEOROL & PHYS,TURKENSCHANZSTR 18,A-1180 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RI Neff, William/E-2725-2010 OI Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 325 EP 332 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MY770 UT WOS:A1994MY77000012 ER PT J AU NEFF, WD AF NEFF, WD TI MESOSCALE AIR-QUALITY STUDIES WITH METEOROLOGICAL REMOTE-SENSING SYSTEMS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques of the Atmosphere and Oceans CY MAY 26-29, 1992 CL ATHENS, GREECE ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; HEAT-FLUX; TEMPERATURE; SODAR; TURBULENCE; RASS AB Remote sensors of various types have contributed increasingly over the past decade to studies of meteorological processes affecting air quality over mesoscale domains. Doppler sodars and lidars as well as newly emerging 915-MHz radar wind profiler technology are shown to describe well mean wind and temperature profiles. A number of air quality field research programmes have now deployed these instruments in various combinations in mesoscale experiments. Three studies provide examples for discussion of mean wind and temperature profiles. Unfortunately, many remote sensing instruments have not realized their full potential for measurement of turbulent momentum and heat fluxes as well as mixed-layer depth. A simple four-beam Doppler acoustic system provides a preliminary example of such potential applications. Furthermore, pattern-recognition methods, although subjective in nature, can be applied to time-height cross sections of reflectivity with the data of use in the interpretation of dispersion process in the atmoshpheric boundary layer. RP NEFF, WD (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Neff, William/E-2725-2010 OI Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076 NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 393 EP 426 PG 34 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA MY770 UT WOS:A1994MY77000019 ER PT J AU VANVALIN, CC BOATMAN, JF LURIA, M ANEJA, VP BLAKE, DR RODGERS, M SIGMON, JT AF VANVALIN, CC BOATMAN, JF LURIA, M ANEJA, VP BLAKE, DR RODGERS, M SIGMON, JT TI THE COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN AIRCRAFT AND GROUND-BASED AIR-QUALITY MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OZONE; VIRGINIA AB Trace gas concentrations and atmospheric state parameters were measured aboard the NOAA King Air research aircraft during flights on August 16, 1988, along the Appalachian Mountains from central Pennsylvania to northern Georgia. Stepwise profiles were flown over five surface sites where measurements of certain atmospheric parameters were being made. A stationary cold front lying across southern Virginia effectively divided the area into two weather regimes; to the north of the frontal zone the air was slightly cooler and much drier than that to the south. Considerable convective activity developed from early to midafternoon along and south of the front. The comparison between the aircraft and ground sites included measurements of the primary pollutants SO2 and several hydrocarbons, NOy, the secondary pollutants H2O2 and O-3, and meteorological parameters. Continuity between the aircraft and surface meteorological and trace gas measurements was consistent at the northernmost site, which is situated in a relatively level valley. The agreement was poorer at the other four ground sites, which are located on or near mountaintops. Most of the meteorological and trace gas measurements, other than those made at Scotia, were found to differ by substantial margins, often by more than 10 times the resolution of the instruments. However, within a few hours after the flights, the surface measurements, particularly those of H2O2 and O-3, achieved values comparable to those measured with the aircraft, thus suggesting that air sampled at the canopy level did not mix readily with the bulk of the boundary layer. C1 UNIV COLORADO, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH GEOPHYS SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. UNIV CALIF IRVINE, DEPT CHEM, IRVINE, CA 92717 USA. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM, DEPT ENVIRONM SCI, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. DUKE UNIV, SCH ENVIRONM, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA. RP VANVALIN, CC (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, AEROSOL RES SECT, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D1 BP 1043 EP 1057 DI 10.1029/93JD02679 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MT032 UT WOS:A1994MT03200004 ER PT J AU BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW BERRY, SD LIND, DM LOCHNER, E SHAW, KA AF BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW BERRY, SD LIND, DM LOCHNER, E SHAW, KA TI MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION FOR FE3O4/NIO SUPERLATTICES SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Neutron diffraction measurements reveal the nature of the magnetic structure in Fe3O4/NiO superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Taking advantage of differences between the Fe3O4 and NiO crystalline symmetries, we have determined independently the magnetic order parameters of the bilayer components. The NiO antiferromagnetic order propagates coherently through several superlattice bilayers, while the magnetic coherence of the ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 is restricted to a single interlayer due to the random stacking of the spinel unit cells at the interfaces. A model for the diffraction data, based upon a Hendricks-Teller description of the interfacial disorder, demonstrates that the observed broadening of selected reflections originates directly from these stacking faults. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. FLORIDA STATE UNIV,MARTECH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP BORCHERS, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 1994 VL 64 IS 3 BP 381 EP 383 DI 10.1063/1.111154 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA MR536 UT WOS:A1994MR53600041 ER PT J AU CANINO, MF AF CANINO, MF TI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND FOOD AVAILABILITY ON GROWTH AND RNA/DNA RATIOS OF WALLEYE POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA (PALLAS) EGGS AND LARVAE SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FISH LARVAE; ONTOGENY; RNA/DNA RATIO; TEMPERATURE; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; MARINE FISH-LARVAE; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; RNA-DNA RATIOS; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SHELIKOF STRAIT; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; MORONE-AMERICANA; YOLK UTILIZATION AB Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) eggs were reared to first feeding stage in the laboratory at temperatures of 3-degrees, 6-degrees, 9-degrees, and 12-degrees-C. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content during embryogenesis were compared to temperature and embryo age. Hatching time, larval size, yolk-sac volume, and RNA content at hatching were inversely related to incubation temperature. DNA content and RNA/DNA ratios of larvae were similar on the day of hatching at all experimental temperatures. The energetic reserves available during embryonic and prolarval development are enhanced by lower incubation temperatures. Prolarvae reared at 12-degrees-C had high rates of yolk utilization and initial growth, but experienced reduced growth and a decline in DNA content prior to feeding initiation. The effects of food availability on nucleic acid content and RNA/DNA ratios of first-feeding walleye pollock were determined. Mean RNA and DNA content and RNA/DNA ratio of fed larvae were significantly higher than those of unfed larvae after 2 days. Starvation of larvae that had successfully initiated feeding resulted in a rapid decline of RNA content (and RNA/DNA ratio) accompanied by a slower decline in DNA. RP CANINO, MF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 17 PY 1994 VL 175 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0022-0981(94)90173-2 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MZ372 UT WOS:A1994MZ37200001 ER PT J AU BALSARA, NP HAMMOUDA, B AF BALSARA, NP HAMMOUDA, B TI SHEAR EFFECTS ON SOLVATED BLOCK-COPOLYMER LAMELLAE - POLYSTYRENE-POLYISOPRENE IN DIOCTYL PHTHALATE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TRANSITION; FLOW AB Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed on a polystyrene-polyisoprene diblock copolymer in concentrated dioctyl phthalate solution under Couette shear. Lamellar orientations were monitored below and above the order-disorder transition temperature with the neutron beam incident either radially or tangentially on the cylindrical shear cell. It was found that lamellae are oriented mostly parallel to the plane of the shear cell walls. Oscillatory shear helps improve the lamellar alignment. Above the quiescent order-disorder transition, the shear-induced alignment (observed as an anisotropy of the scattering ring) follows a master curve for all temperatures. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BALSARA, NP (reprint author), POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,DEPT CHEM ENGN,333 JAY ST,BROOKLYN,NY 11201, USA. NR 12 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 17 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 3 BP 360 EP 363 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.360 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MR492 UT WOS:A1994MR49200013 ER PT J AU NESBITT, DJ LINDEMAN, TG FARRELL, JT LOVEJOY, CM AF NESBITT, DJ LINDEMAN, TG FARRELL, JT LOVEJOY, CM TI SLIT JET INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF HYDROGEN-BONDED N2HF ISOTOPOMERS - ROTATIONAL RYDBERG-KLEIN-REES ANALYSIS AND H/D DEPENDENT VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION RATES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; ANISOTROPIC INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; VANDERWAALS COMPLEXES; OVERTONE SPECTROSCOPY; HF DIMER; FTIR OBSERVATION; FLUORIDE DIMER; SOLID ARGON AB High resolution IR laser direct absorption spectra in a slit jet are presented and analyzed for nitrogen ((NN)-N-15-N-14-HF, (NN)-N-15-N-15-HF), and deuterium ((NN)-N-14-N-14-DF) substituted N2HF isotopomers. Both (NN)-N-14-N-15-HF and (NN)-N-15-N-14-HF isomers are observed, indicating a sufficiently deep minimum in the hydrogen bonding potential energy surface to quench internal rotation of the N-2. The vibrationally averaged stretching potentials for each substituted species are recovered from rotational Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) analysis. Features of the one-dimensional (1D) potential surface such as hydrogen bond length (R(H-bond)), harmonic force constant (k(sigma)), and well depth (D-e) are then tested for isotopic invariance by direct comparison of the different isotopomers. Agreement among the various N substituted species for HF based complexes for either upsilon(HF)=0 or 1 is excellent, and provides effective 1D potentials for the stretching coordinate between 3.39 and 3.75 Angstrom. There is a 43 cm(-1) (similar to 10%) strengthening of the hydrogen bond upon HF vibrational excitation, as quantitatively reflected in the experimental redshifts and the shape of the RKR potentials for upsilon(HF)=0 and 1. The hydrogen bond is further strengthened by D/H isotopic substitution; this is a result of reduced vibrational averaging over DF vs HF bending motion, yielding a more linear, and hence stronger, hydrogen bond geometry. In contrast to the nearly apparatus-limited linewidths (Delta upsilon(prediss)similar to 7 MHz) observed for each of the N2HF isotopomers, the N2DF complexes yield significantly broadened lines with 73+/-9 MHz homogeneous linewidths due to vibrational predissociation. This tenfold increase in predissociation rates upon deuteration is in contrast to previous measurements in other HF/DF containing complexes, and indicates the importance of a near resonant vibrational channel to form N-2(upsilon=1)+DF(upsilon=0). The energetic accessibility of this V-->V channel would suggest an upper limit on the N2DF binding energy of D-0 less than or equal to 547 cm(-1), which is also consistent with upper limits on D-0 from the rotational RKR analysis. C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP NESBITT, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 63 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 2 BP 775 EP 785 DI 10.1063/1.466560 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MT007 UT WOS:A1994MT00700003 ER PT J AU MILLER, CC PHILIPS, LA ANDREWS, AM FRASER, GT PATE, BH SUENRAM, RD AF MILLER, CC PHILIPS, LA ANDREWS, AM FRASER, GT PATE, BH SUENRAM, RD TI ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF A DARK STATE IN 2-FLUOROETHANOL USING MICROWAVE RADIO-FREQUENCY-INFRARED MULTIPLE RESONANCE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; MATRIX; ETHANOL; TRIMER; BEAM AB Microwave/radio-frequency-infrared multiple resonance has been used with an electric-resonance optothermal spectrometer to characterize a weak 21.6 MHz perturbation in the infrared spectrum of the v(14) C-O stretching vibration of 2-fluoroethanol. The infrared spectrum of 2-fluoroethanol was recorded at a resolution of similar to 2 MHz using a tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser. The spectrum is fit by an asymmetric-rotor Hamiltonian to a precision of 0.6 MHz, except for the transitions to the 4(13) upper state which are split into doublets by an interaction between the 4(13) level and a rotational level of a nearby background, or dark, vibrational state. Microwave/radio-frequency-infrared double and triple resonance reveals that the 4(13) level of the C-O stretching vibration is interacting with the 4(31) level of the dark state. The rotational constants determined for the dark state allow us to assign the perturbing state to the v(18)+4v(21) combination vibration. of the lowest energy conformer, where V-18 is the CCO bending vibration and v(21) is the C-C torsional vibration. From the weak Delta K-a=2 matrix element,between v(14) and v(18)+4v(21) it is possible to derive a J=0 anharmonic interaction between these states of similar to 3.5 GHz. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MILLER, CC (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 100 IS 2 BP 831 EP 839 DI 10.1063/1.466566 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA MT007 UT WOS:A1994MT00700009 ER PT J AU SPRINTALL, J MCPHADEN, MJ AF SPRINTALL, J MCPHADEN, MJ TI SURFACE-LAYER VARIATIONS OBSERVED IN MULTIYEAR TIME-SERIES MEASUREMENTS FROM THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SCALE PRECIPITATION; EL-NINO; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; TROPICS; HEAT AB Mooring measurements at 0 degrees, 165 degrees E, for the period November 1988 to August 1991 indicate that surface layer structure was characterized by two distinct climatic regimes associated with dramatic differences in large-scale atmospheric and oceanic conditions. La Nina conditions existed from November 1988 to November 1989, during which time the easterly trades were strong, Ekman divergence and upwelling were pronounced, surface velocity was strongly westward, and rainfall was low. The surface layer was cold, salty and well mixed down to 100-m depth, with density variations controlled primarily by temperature. In contrast, from November 1989 to August 1991, the zonal winds were on average westerly and punctuated by frequent westerly wind bursts, the surface currents reversed and flowed eastward in the upper 50 m, and rainfall was high. Compared to the La Nina period, the surface layer was warmer and fresher, and the density mixed layer was shallower than the isothermal layer owing to the presence of a 30-m-thick mean halocline (or barrier layer) between 55- and 85-m depth. Moreover, density variations in the mixed layer were determined primarily by salinity. During the November 1988 to November 1989 La Nina period, variability in sea surface temperature was influenced by local upwelling and zonal advection. However, during November 1989 to August 1991, the presence of the barrier layer effectively prevented the entrainment of cooler, saltier water from the thermocline into the surface layer. Local air-sea heat fluxes were therefore more likely to be prominent in the surface layer temperature balance. The barrier layer thickness, which varied with a dominant time scale of 12-25 days, appears to have been affected by variations in zonal advection of low-salinity water past the mooring. RP SPRINTALL, J (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 99 IS C1 BP 963 EP 979 DI 10.1029/93JC02809 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA MU149 UT WOS:A1994MU14900014 ER PT J AU DAVIESJONES, R DOSWELL, CA BROOKS, HE AF DAVIESJONES, R DOSWELL, CA BROOKS, HE TI COMMENTS ON INITIATION AND EVOLUTION OF UPDRAFT ROTATION WITHIN AN INCIPIENT SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Note ID CONVECTIVE STORMS; PROPAGATION; ENERGETICS; VORTICITY; DYNAMICS; FLOW RP DAVIESJONES, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 51 IS 2 BP 326 EP 331 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<0326:COAEOU>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MT385 UT WOS:A1994MT38500011 ER PT J AU DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ AF DOUGHERTY, TP HEILWEIL, EJ TI DUAL-BEAM SUBPICOSECOND BROAD-BAND INFRARED SPECTROMETER SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB A method for obtaining broadband multichannel IR spectra with subpicosecond time resolution is described. Spectrally broad IR pulses, produced by difference-frequency mixing of two visible pulses in LiIO3, are split to make signal and reference pulses. After sample absorption, the IR pulses are upconverted by a second LiIO3 crystal to produce visible pulses that are dispersed on a CCD detector to yield transient spectra with 100-cm(-1) bandwidth and 4-cm(-1) resolution. With this dual-beam technique, spectra with sensitivities of 0.001 Delta OD are obtained. RP DOUGHERTY, TP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,ROOM B268,BLDG 221,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 19 IS 2 BP 129 EP 131 DI 10.1364/OL.19.000129 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA MR007 UT WOS:A1994MR00700019 PM 19829567 ER PT J AU GOUGH, DO AF GOUGH, DO TI SOLAR NEUTRINOS AND SOLAR OSCILLATIONS SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB For solar neutrino measurements to contribute directly to particle physics it is essential that we know the structure of the Sun, Only then can we be sure both of the conditions under which the neutrinos are produced and of the state of the material through which they must pass before arriving at the detectors on Earth, Solar oscillations play at least one, and possibly two important roles: firstly, as passive carriers of information about density and sound speed, they provide important diagnostic information which has been used to set quite stringent constraints on the structure of the Sun's interior; secondly, as active participants in the dynamics of the solar core, it is not out of the question that they induce motion that influences substantially the rates of the various thermonuclear reactions that emit the neutrinos. The basic processes of seismic inference will be discussed briefly, followed by a summary of those inferences that have a bearing on neutrino production. Finally, some of the uncertainties in our understanding of the Sun's interior will be aired, to restrain the temptation to accept too hastily the details of the simple hydrostatic classical models of the Sun. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE, DEPT APPL MATH & THEORET PHYS, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP GOUGH, DO (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE, INST ASTRON, MADINGLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HA, ENGLAND. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 346 IS 1678 BP 37 EP 49 DI 10.1098/rsta.1994.0005 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MT182 UT WOS:A1994MT18200006 ER PT J AU CHRISTIDES, C DENNIS, TJS PRASSIDES, K CAPPELLETTI, RL NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD AF CHRISTIDES, C DENNIS, TJS PRASSIDES, K CAPPELLETTI, RL NEUMANN, DA COPLEY, JRD TI ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS OF SOLID C-70 - A NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ORDERING TRANSITION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FULLERENE C-60; C60 AB We report the results of neutron-diffraction and low-energy neutron-inelastic-scattering experiments on high-purity solid C-70 between 10 and 640 K. Thermal hysteresis effects are found to accompany structural changes both on cooling and on heating. The observed diffuse scattering intensity does not change with temperature. At 10 K broad librational peaks are observed at 1.82(16) meV [full width at half maximum=1.8(5) meV]. The peaks soften and broaden further with increasing temperature. At and above room temperature, they collapse into a single quasielastic line. At 300 K, the diffusive reorientational motion appears to be somewhat anisotropic, becoming less so with increasing temperature. An isotropic rotational diffusion model, in which the motions of adjacent molecules are uncorrelated, describes well the results at 525 K. The temperature dependence of the rotational diffusion constants is consistent with a thermally activated process having an activation energy of 32(7) meV. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,ATHENS,OH 45701. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHRISTIDES, C (reprint author), UNIV SUSSEX,SCH CHEM & MOLEC SCI,BRIGHTON BN1 9QJ,ENGLAND. RI Prassides, Kosmas/C-9804-2009 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 15 PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 2897 EP 2903 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.49.2897 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA MV089 UT WOS:A1994MV08900066 ER PT J AU WHITE, JWC CIAIS, P FIGGE, RA KENNY, R MARKGRAF, V AF WHITE, JWC CIAIS, P FIGGE, RA KENNY, R MARKGRAF, V TI A HIGH-RESOLUTION RECORD OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONTENT FROM CARBON ISOTOPES IN PEAT SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NON-EXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN; PAST 2 CENTURIES; ICE CORE; POLAR ICE; DISCRIMINATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; BRYOPHYTES; CELLULOSE; DIOXIDE AB OUR understanding of how future changes in atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentrations will affect the global climate system arises in part from comparing past changes in climate and CO2. To date, these comparisons have come mainly from ice-core data, which show a strong correlation-between past atmospheric CO2 concentration and polar temperature1. Here we present a new method for reconstructing atmospheric CO2 concentration using the C-13/C-12 ratio (deltaC-13) in mosses and sedges in peat. Our method exploits the fact that, unlike sedges and most other plants, mosses do not possess stomata, and are therefore unable to regulate their uptake of CO2 and water. The deltaC-13 of mosses thus depends on both atmospheric CO2 concentration and available water, and the of sedges from the same peat can be used to remove the water signal. The method provides a resolution of about a decade much higher than is possible from ice cores. We present initial results for the past 14,000 years, which show three sharp increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration: at 12,800 years ago, corresponding to an episode of warming in the North Atlantic region, 10,000 years ago, corresponding to the end of the Younger Dryas cold period; and 4,400 years ago, after which time modern climates were established globally. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT GEOL SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, CMDL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP WHITE, JWC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES, CAMPUS BOX 450, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI White, James/A-7845-2009 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684 NR 34 TC 115 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 13 PY 1994 VL 367 IS 6459 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1038/367153a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MQ780 UT WOS:A1994MQ78000054 ER PT J AU MARKS, KM STOCK, JM AF MARKS, KM STOCK, JM TI VARIATIONS IN RIDGE MORPHOLOGY AND DEPTH-AGE RELATIONSHIPS ON THE PACIFIC-ANTARCTIC RIDGE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID MID-OCEAN RIDGES; SOUTH-PACIFIC; TECTONIC HISTORY; DISCORDANCE ZONE; HEAT-FLOW; ANOMALIES; GEOCHRONOLOGY; TOPOGRAPHY; BATHYMETRY; BENEATH AB Adjacent segments of the Pacific-Antarctic ridge display significantly different morphologies and depth-age relationships over seafloor younger than 36 Ma. The spreading corridor southwest of Fracture Zone XII is characterized by a rift valley and an usually small subsidence constant of 226 +/- 13 m/m.y. 1/2, while the two spreading corridors immediately northeast of Fracture Zone XII have an axial high and a subsidence constant consistent with the global average. This abrupt variation in ridge morphology is not usually characteristic of medium-rate spreading centers, nor is such an abrupt variation expected of adjacent ridge segments that are spreading at the same rate. We suggest that a thermal anomaly beneath the ridge may influence the first-order effects of spreading rate and lithospheric cooling enough to produce the observed rift valley and axial high and the different subsidence constants. Although we are not certain what would produce the thermal anomaly here, we speculate that when the spreading rate on the Pacific-Antarctic ridge increased from slow to intermediate rates since 20 Ma, so did the need for materials for accretion, which may be supplied in part by along-axis asthenospheric flow from hotspots or a hot region to the northeast. A sufficient supply of hot asthenosphere may still be lacking in the ridge segment with the axial valley to the southwest, leaving it cooler and starved for accretionary materials. C1 CALTECH, SEISMOL LAB, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. RP MARKS, KM (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, GEOSCI LAB, N-OES12, 1305 E W HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011; OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611; Stock, Joann Miriam/0000-0003-4816-7865 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B1 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.1029/93JB02760 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MR515 UT WOS:A1994MR51500006 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, DS RAY, JR CARTER, WE AF ROBERTSON, DS RAY, JR CARTER, WE TI TIDAL VARIATIONS IN UT1 OBSERVED WITH VERY LONG-BASE-LINE INTERFEROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; EARTHS ROTATION; UNIVERSAL TIME; LOVE NUMBER; OCEAN TIDES; LENGTH; NUTATIONS; WAVES AB Nine years of very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations have been analyzed to determine the magnitudes of the tidal variations in UT1 for periods between 5 and 35 days. Corrections for variations in atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) significantly reduce the scatter of the measured amplitudes across both time and frequency. The AAM corrections are found to reduce the scatter in the observed tidal amplitudes by as much as 60% for periods as short as 5.6 days; in contrast, earlier studies have shown a loss of coherence between AAM and length-of-day (LOD) for periods shorter than about 10 days. The tidal amplitude measurements place bounds on both the nonequilibrium ocean and mantle anelasticity effects. The in-phase k/C determination is found to agree to better than 0.5% with the value of 0.944 from Yoder et al. (1981). The out-of-phase values are found to have a frequency dependence that can only be explained by nonequilibrium ocean effects. The observed slope is larger than the theoretical by about 3 times the expected error. This result may indicate that the ocean is farther out of equilibrium for the higher frequencies than present models permit. Significant improvements are needed in both ocean and atmosphere modeling to exploit the full capability of the VLBI observations. RP ROBERTSON, DS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS,OES13,SSMC IV,GEOSCI LAB,STN 8115, 1305 E W HIGHWAY, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JAN 10 PY 1994 VL 99 IS B1 BP 621 EP 636 DI 10.1029/93JB03178 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MR515 UT WOS:A1994MR51500014 ER PT J AU RAVISHANKARA, AR TURNIPSEED, AA JENSEN, NR BARONE, S MILLS, M HOWARD, CJ SOLOMON, S AF RAVISHANKARA, AR TURNIPSEED, AA JENSEN, NR BARONE, S MILLS, M HOWARD, CJ SOLOMON, S TI DO HYDROFLUOROCARBONS DESTROY STRATOSPHERIC OZONE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Hydrofluorocarbons, many of which contain a CF3 group, are one of the major substitutes for the chlorofluorocarbons and halons that are being phased out because they contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion. It is critical to ensure that CF3 groups do not cause significant ozone depletion. The rate coefficients for the key reactions that determine the efficiency of the CF3 radical as a catalyst for ozone loss in the stratosphere have been measured and used in a model to calculate the possible depletion of ozone. From these results, it is concluded that the ozone depletion potentials related to the presence of the CF3 group in hydrofluorocarbons are negligibly small. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP RAVISHANKARA, AR (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Mills, Michael/B-5068-2010 OI Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346 NR 12 TC 206 Z9 207 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 7 PY 1994 VL 263 IS 5143 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1126/science.263.5143.71 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MQ301 UT WOS:A1994MQ30100031 PM 17748353 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DM WEBB, RS AF ANDERSON, DM WEBB, RS TI PALEOCLIMATOLOGY - ICE-AGE TROPICS REVISITED SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE RP ANDERSON, DM (reprint author), NOAA,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 4 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 7 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 6 PY 1994 VL 367 IS 6458 BP 23 EP 24 DI 10.1038/367023a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MP865 UT WOS:A1994MP86500032 ER PT J AU SUNDA, WG KIEBER, DJ AF SUNDA, WG KIEBER, DJ TI OXIDATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES BY MANGANESE OXIDES YIELDS LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ORGANIC SUBSTRATES SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-WATERS; DISSOLUTION; REDUCTION; SEAWATER; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; ACID AB MANY bacteria oxidize thermodynamically unstable manganese(II) to Mn oxides and deposit the oxides on their surfaces1,2, a process that appears to account for most Mn oxidation in natural waters3-5 and sediments6. Among the reasons that have been proposed for the evolutionary selection of this process are protection from damage by toxic metals and oxygen species, protection from ultraviolet light, and strengthening of the bacterial sheath or capsule1,7. Mn oxides may promote harmful free radical reactions, however, and marine Mn-oxidizing bacteria are particularly susceptible to photoinhibition8. Here we report that Mn oxides lyse complex humic substances, which in general cannot be used by microorganisms directly9-11, to form low-molecular-weight organic compounds that can be used as substrates for microbial growth. Mn-oxidizing bacteria may thus be able to use the carbon pool in humic substances, which represent one of the largest organic reservoirs in natural waters, sediments and soils. C1 SUNY COLL ENVIRONM SCI & FORESTRY,DEPT CHEM,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. RP SUNDA, WG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 21 TC 182 Z9 193 U1 7 U2 67 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 6 PY 1994 VL 367 IS 6458 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1038/367062a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MP865 UT WOS:A1994MP86500058 ER PT J AU PERAHIA, D WIESLER, DG SATIJA, SK FETTERS, LJ SINHA, SK MILNER, ST AF PERAHIA, D WIESLER, DG SATIJA, SK FETTERS, LJ SINHA, SK MILNER, ST TI NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY OF END-GRAFTED POLYMERS - CONCENTRATION AND SOLVENT QUALITY DEPENDENCE IN EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; DENSITY PROFILE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BRUSHES; CHAINS; SURFACES; FORCES; LAYERS; INTERFACE; COLLAPSE AB Neutron reflectometry is used to obtain a direct measurement of the monomer distribution of a weakly bound end-grafted polystyrene layer in equilibrium with bulk solution, as a function of the polymer concentration and temperature. We report for the first time two new regions in the density profile of the polymers, an excess polymer near the surface and a wetting layer on top of the brush. The physical properties of the polymer layer are strongly affected by the equilibrium between the bound and free polymer molecules. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP PERAHIA, D (reprint author), EXXON RES & ENGN CO,CORP RES SCI LABS,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801, USA. NR 33 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 1994 VL 72 IS 1 BP 100 EP 103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.100 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MP867 UT WOS:A1994MP86700026 ER PT J AU ARIF, M DEWEY, MS GREENE, GL JACOBSON, D WERNER, S AF ARIF, M DEWEY, MS GREENE, GL JACOBSON, D WERNER, S TI X-RAY DETERMINATION OF THE ELASTIC-DEFORMATION OF A PERFECT CRYSTAL NEUTRON INTERFEROMETER - IMPLICATIONS FOR GRAVITATIONAL PHASE-SHIFT EXPERIMENTS SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY AB The quantum mechanical phase shift for a massive particle due to gravity has been observed in a series of neutron interferometry experiments using perfect crystal silicon interferometers. While the results of these measurements are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of non-relativistic quantum mechanics and Newtonian gravity, there remains a very significant discrepancy between theory and experiment. It has been suggested that this discrepancy is due to a systematic effect related to the elastic deformation of the monolithic interferometer. In this work we describe X-ray measurements which indicate that such a systematic effect was overlooked in previous measurements. We conclude that the magnitude of these effects is sufficiently large to account for the current discrepancy between theory and experiment. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO. RP ARIF, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 3 PY 1994 VL 184 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1016/0375-9601(94)90768-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA MR640 UT WOS:A1994MR64000002 ER PT B AU PENZES, WB ALLEN, RA CRESSWELL, MW LINHOLM, LW TEAGUE, EC AF PENZES, WB ALLEN, RA CRESSWELL, MW LINHOLM, LW TEAGUE, EC GP IEEE TI A NEW METHOD TO MEASURE THE DISTANCE BETWEEN GRADUATION LINES ON GRADUATED SCALES SO 10TH ANNIVERSARY, IMTC/94 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN I & M, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 AND SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Advanced Technologies in I and M (IMTC/94) CY MAY 10-12, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1880-3 PY 1994 BP 300 EP 303 DI 10.1109/IMTC.1994.352064 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC27G UT WOS:A1994BC27G00086 ER PT B AU DEYST, JP SOUDERS, TM SOLOMON, OM AF DEYST, JP SOUDERS, TM SOLOMON, OM GP IEEE TI BOUNDS ON LEAST-SQUARES 4-PARAMETER SINE-FIT ERRORS DUE TO HARMONIC DISTORTION AND NOISE SO 10TH ANNIVERSARY, IMTC/94 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN I & M, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 AND SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Advanced Technologies in I and M (IMTC/94) CY MAY 10-12, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1880-3 PY 1994 BP 700 EP 703 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC27G UT WOS:A1994BC27G00185 ER PT B AU DEYST, JP SOUDERS, TM AF DEYST, JP SOUDERS, TM GP IEEE TI PHASE PLANE COMPENSATION OF THE NIST SAMPLING COMPARATOR SYSTEM SO 10TH ANNIVERSARY, IMTC/94 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN I & M, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 AND SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Advanced Technologies in I and M (IMTC/94) CY MAY 10-12, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1880-3 PY 1994 BP 914 EP 916 DI 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351959 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC27G UT WOS:A1994BC27G00239 ER PT B AU AVRAMOV, S STENBAKKEN, GN KOFFMAN, AD OLDHAM, NM GAMMON, RW AF AVRAMOV, S STENBAKKEN, GN KOFFMAN, AD OLDHAM, NM GAMMON, RW GP IEEE TI BINARY VS DECADE INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE DIVIDER COMPARISON AND ERROR DECOMPOSITION SO 10TH ANNIVERSARY, IMTC/94 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN I & M, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 AND SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Advanced Technologies in I and M (IMTC/94) CY MAY 10-12, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1880-3 PY 1994 BP 917 EP 920 DI 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351958 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC27G UT WOS:A1994BC27G00240 ER PT B AU OLDHAM, NM BOOKER, SR AF OLDHAM, NM BOOKER, SR GP IEEE TI PROGRAMMABLE IMPEDANCE TRANSFER STANDARD TO SUPPORT LCR METERS SO 10TH ANNIVERSARY, IMTC/94 - ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN I & M, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 AND SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Advanced Technologies in I and M (IMTC/94) CY MAY 10-12, 1994 CL HAMAMATSU, JAPAN SP IEEE, INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS, JAPAN C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1880-3 PY 1994 BP 929 EP 930 DI 10.1109/IMTC.1994.351955 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC27G UT WOS:A1994BC27G00243 ER PT J AU GALLAWA, RL KUMAR, A WEISSHAAR, A AF GALLAWA, RL KUMAR, A WEISSHAAR, A BE Terzuoli, A TI Symbolic programming with series expansions: Applications to optical waveguides SO 10TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN APPLIED COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETICS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics Conference CY MAR 21-26, 1994 CL MONTEREY, CA SP Appl Comp Electromagnet Soc, DOD, US DOE, IEEE, URSI, ASEE, SIAM, AMTA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU 1994 A C E S Conference PI DAYTON PA PO BOX 3402, DAYTON, OH 45401 PY 1994 BP 475 EP 481 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD47A UT WOS:A1994BD47A00065 ER PT B AU POTZICK, J AF POTZICK, J BE Brodsky, WL Shelden, GV TI IMPROVING PHOTOMASK LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT ACCURACY VIA EMULATED STEPPER AERIAL IMAGE MEASUREMENT SO 14TH ANNUAL BACUS SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology and Management CY SEP 14-16, 1994 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS, BACUS INT TECH GRP DE PHOTOMASK; LINEWIDTH; MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY; AERIAL IMAGE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1653-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2322 BP 353 EP 359 DI 10.1117/12.195831 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC27M UT WOS:A1994BC27M00034 ER PT B AU EMMERICH, SJ PERSILY, AK WALTON, GN AF EMMERICH, SJ PERSILY, AK WALTON, GN GP INT ENERGY AGCY TI Application of a multi-zone airflow and contaminant dispersal model to indoor air quality control in residential buildings SO 15TH AIVC CONFERENCE - THE ROLE OF VENTILATION, PROCEEDINGS VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th AIVC Conference on the Role of Ventilation CY SEP 27-30, 1994 CL BUXTON, ENGLAND SP Air Infiltrat & Ventilat Ctr, Int Energy Agcy C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR INFILTRATION & VENTILATIONCENTRE PI COVENTRY PA UNIV WARWICK SCIENCE PARK SOVEREIGN COURT SIR WILLIAM LYONS RD, COVENTRY, ENGLAND CV4 7EZ BN 0-946075-80-8 PY 1994 BP 493 EP 507 PG 3 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BD67M UT WOS:A1994BD67M00013 ER PT B AU SUEHLE, JS CHAPARALA, P MESSICK, C MILLER, WM BOYKO, KC AF SUEHLE, JS CHAPARALA, P MESSICK, C MILLER, WM BOYKO, KC GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC TI FIELD AND TEMPERATURE ACCELERATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN IN INTRINSIC THIN SIO2 SO 1994 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS PROCEEDINGS - 32ND ANNUAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium - 32nd Annual CY APR 12-14, 1994 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC, IEEE, RELIABIL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1357-7 PY 1994 BP 120 EP 125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BA79L UT WOS:A1994BA79L00019 ER PT S AU DEVELYN, L HOLLBERG, L POPOVIC, ZB AF DEVELYN, L HOLLBERG, L POPOVIC, ZB BE Kuno, HJ Wen, CP TI A CPW PHASE-LOCKED LOOP FOR DIODE-LASER STABILIZATION SO 1994 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium CY MAY 23-27, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, MTT CHAPTER C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0149-645X BN 0-7803-1778-5 J9 IEEE MTT-S PY 1994 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1109/MWSYM.1994.335360 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BB20R UT WOS:A1994BB20R00015 ER PT S AU ALERS, GA JOHNSON, W SEGAL, E AULD, BA AF ALERS, GA JOHNSON, W SEGAL, E AULD, BA BE Levy, M Schneider, SC McAvoy, BR TI APPLICATIONS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF SHEAR-WAVE RESONANT MODES IN CYLINDERS SO 1994 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-3 SE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium CY NOV 01-04, 1994 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP IEEE, ULTRASON FERROELECT & FREQUENCY CONTROL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABILITY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1051-0117 BN 0-7803-2012-3 J9 ULTRASON PY 1994 BP 1103 EP 1106 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BC66H UT WOS:A1994BC66H00221 ER PT B AU LEHR, W CALHOUN, D JONES, R LEWANDOWSKI, A OVERSTREET, R AF LEHR, W CALHOUN, D JONES, R LEWANDOWSKI, A OVERSTREET, R BE Tew, JD Manivannan, MS Sadowski, DA Seila, AF TI MODEL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT - A CASE STUDY IN OIL SPILL MODELING SO 1994 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 11-14, 1994 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FL SP AMER STAT ASSOC, ASSOC COMP MACHINERY, SPECIAL INTEREST GRP SIMULAT, IEEE, COMP SOC, IEEE, SYST MAN & CYBERNET SOC, INST IND ENGINEERS, NIST, OPERAT RES SOC AMER, INST MANAGEMENT SCI, COLL SIMULAT, SOC COMP SIMULAT, INT C1 NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98155. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2109-X PY 1994 BP 1198 EP 1205 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC51T UT WOS:A1994BC51T00175 ER PT J AU BALDOCCHI, D AF BALDOCCHI, D GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ARE CROPS AND FORESTS SPHERICAL - THE ROLE OF CANOPY RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELS ON CALCULATING CANOPY CO2 AND ENERGY EXCHANGE RATES SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 9 EP 11 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00003 ER PT B AU GALLO, KP TARPLEY, JD MCNAB, AL KARL, TR BROWN, JF AF GALLO, KP TARPLEY, JD MCNAB, AL KARL, TR BROWN, JF GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI ASSESSMENT OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS - A SATELLITE PERSPECTIVE SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP 353 EP 356 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00105 ER PT J AU GETZ, RR AF GETZ, RR GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI AGMETNET - AN ELECTRONIC MAIL INFORMATION EXCHANGE FOR AUTOMATED AGRICULTURAL WEATHER STATION INTERESTS SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 AUBURN UNIV,NWS SE AGR WEATHER SERV CTR,AUBURN,AL 36849. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP J26 EP J28 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00144 ER PT J AU KERPEDJIEV, SM AF KERPEDJIEV, SM GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI WEATHER ASSERTIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION-MAKING SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP J9 EP J10 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00139 ER PT J AU SCHWERTZ, DC PATTON, JW LIVINGSTON, JS AF SCHWERTZ, DC PATTON, JW LIVINGSTON, JS GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI OPERATIONAL USE OF WSR-88D AND ALERT DERIVED BASIN AVERAGE RAINFALL INPUT TO A BASIN SPECIFIC HYDROLOGIC MODEL SO 21ST CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY/11TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/11th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology CY MAR 07-11, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP AMER METEOROL SOC C1 NOAA,HOUSTON NATL WEATHER SERV,HOUSTON,TX. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1994 BP J47 EP J50 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC95G UT WOS:A1994BC95G00150 ER PT B AU MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF AF MARKS, RB WILLIAMS, DF GP INT SOC HYBRID MICROELECTR TI ACCURATE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-SPEED INTERCONNECTIONS SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Microelectronics CY NOV 15-17, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP INT SOC HYBRID MICROELECTR DE ELECTRONICS PACKAGING; INTERCONNECTIONS; CALIBRATION; SCATTERING PARAMETERS; IMPEDANCE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-930815-41-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2369 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB83X UT WOS:A1994BB83X00017 ER PT B AU DICKENS, B AF DICKENS, B GP INT SOC HYBRID MICROELECTR TI MONITORING THE CURE OF THIN-LAYER POLYIMIDES ON GLASS SUBSTRATES WITH PHOTOACOUSTIC INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Microelectronics CY NOV 15-17, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP INT SOC HYBRID MICROELECTR DE PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY; POLYIMIDES; CURE MONITORING; DEPTH PROFILING C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-930815-41-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2369 BP 501 EP 506 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB83X UT WOS:A1994BB83X00086 ER PT B AU WU, WL VANZANTEN, JH ORTS, WJ AF WU, WL VANZANTEN, JH ORTS, WJ GP INT SOC HYBRID MICROELECTR TI GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF ULTRATHIN POLYMER FILMS ON SILICON SO 27TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MICROELECTRONICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Symposium on Microelectronics CY NOV 15-17, 1994 CL BOSTON, MA SP INT SOC HYBRID MICROELECTR DE POLYMER FILMS; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYSTYRENE; POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-930815-41-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2369 BP 507 EP 511 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB83X UT WOS:A1994BB83X00087 ER PT J AU ENGEN, GF JUDISH, R JUROSHEK, J AF ENGEN, GF JUDISH, R JUROSHEK, J BE Caldwell, M TI The multi-state two-port: An alternative transfer standard SO 43RD ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST, SPRING 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd ARFTG Conference CY MAY 27, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Automat RF Tech Grp C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 PY 1994 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1994.327053 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD47U UT WOS:A1994BD47U00002 ER PT B AU WILLIAMS, DF MARKS, RB AF WILLIAMS, DF MARKS, RB BE Godshalk, E TI Compensation for substrate permittivity in probe-tip calibration SO 44TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th ARFTG Conference CY DEC 01-02, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP Automat RF Tech Grp C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 PY 1994 BP 20 EP 30 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1994.327077 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD47V UT WOS:A1994BD47V00003 ER PT J AU HAYDEN, LA MARKS, RB RETTIG, JB AF HAYDEN, LA MARKS, RB RETTIG, JB BE Godshalk, E TI Accuracy and repeatability in time domain network analysis SO 44TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th ARFTG Conference CY DEC 01-02, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP Automat RF Tech Grp C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MICROWAVE METROL GRP,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 PY 1994 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1994.327079 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD47V UT WOS:A1994BD47V00005 ER PT J AU MARKS, RB HAYDEN, LA JARGON, JA WILLIAMS, F AF MARKS, RB HAYDEN, LA JARGON, JA WILLIAMS, F BE Godshalk, E TI Time domain network analysis using the multiline TRL calibration SO 44TH ARFTG CONFERENCE DIGEST, FALL 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 44th ARFTG Conference CY DEC 01-02, 1994 CL BOULDER, CO SP Automat RF Tech Grp C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUTOMATIC RADIO FREQUENCY TECHNIQUES GROUP PI TEMPE PA 1008 E, BASELINE ROAD, #955, TEMPE, AZ 85283-1314 PY 1994 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.1994.327080 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD47V UT WOS:A1994BD47V00006 ER PT S AU MARTIN, JW LECHNER, JA VARNER, RN AF MARTIN, JW LECHNER, JA VARNER, RN BE Ketola, WD Grossman, D TI QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOTODEGRADATION EFFECTS OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS EXPOSED IN WEATHERING ENVIRONMENTS SO ACCELERATED AND OUTDOOR DURABILITY TESTING OF ORGANIC MATERIALS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials CY JAN 19-20, 1993 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM G3 DURABIL NONMETALL MAT, AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, SUBCOMM D01 27 ACCELERATED TESTS DE ABSORPTION; ACTIVATION SPECTRUM; AEROSOLS; AIR MASS; COATINGS; DIFFUSE RADIATION; DIRECT RADIATION; OZONE ABSORPTION; PHOTODEGRADATION; QUANTUM YIELD; RAYLEIGH SCATTERING; RECIPROCITY LAW; SOLAR SPECTRAL UV RADIATION; TOTAL EFFECTIVE DOSAGE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1863-5 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1994 VL 1202 BP 27 EP 51 DI 10.1520/STP18171S PG 25 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BA61Z UT WOS:A1994BA61Z00002 ER PT J AU ATTIOGBE, EK HOOVER, KC NATESAIYER, K SIMON, M SNYDER, K AF ATTIOGBE, EK HOOVER, KC NATESAIYER, K SIMON, M SNYDER, K TI MEAN SPACING OF AIR VOIDS IN HARDENED CONCRETE SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Discussion C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. AMER CONCRETE INST,DETROIT,MI. USG CORP,TECH STAFF,LIBERTYVILLE,IL. FHWA,MCLEAN,VA. NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 91 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA MW626 UT WOS:A1994MW62600013 ER PT S AU GARRETT, ES AF GARRETT, ES GP R & D ASSOC MILITARY FOOD & PACKAGING SYST TI A NEW LOOK AT MICROBIOLOGICAL STANDARDS, GUIDELINES, AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR SEAFOOD PRODUCTS SO ACTIVITIES REPORT AND MINUTES OF WORK GROUPS & SUB-WORK GROUPS OF THE R & D ASSOCIATES: ACTIVITIES REPORT OF THE R & D ASSOCIATION SE ACTIVITIES REPORT OF THE R&D ASSOCIATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Fall Meeting of R and D Associates - Food Safety: A Comprehensive View CY OCT 05-07, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP R & D ASSOC MILITARY FOOD & PACKING SYST C1 NATL SEAFOOD INSPECT LAB,PASCAGOULA,MS. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ASSOC MILITARY FOOD PACKAGING SYSTEM PI SAN ANTONIO PA 16607 BLANCO RD, SUITE 305, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78232 SN 0198-0181 J9 ACT REP R&D PY 1994 VL 46 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BB01G UT WOS:A1994BB01G00010 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, T ROSSITER, WJ AF NGUYEN, T ROSSITER, WJ GP ADHES SOC TI EFFECT OF SURFACE PREPARATION ON WETTABILITY AND ADHESIVE BONDING OF AGED ROOFING MEMBRANES SO ADHESION SOCIETY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING AND THE SYMPOSIUM ON PARTICLE ADHESION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society/Symposium on Particle Adhesion CY FEB 20-23, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ADHES SOC, LOCTITE CORP, NORTON CHEM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADHESION SOCIETY PI BALTIMORE PA MARTIN MARIETTA LABORATORIES 1450 S ROLLING RD, BALTIMORE, MD 21227 PY 1994 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB92Y UT WOS:A1994BB92Y00013 ER PT J AU ALSHEH, D NGUYEN, T MARTIN, JW AF ALSHEH, D NGUYEN, T MARTIN, JW GP ADHES SOC TI ADHESION OF FUSION-BONDED EPOXY COATING ON STEEL IN ALKALINE SOLUTION SO ADHESION SOCIETY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING AND THE SYMPOSIUM ON PARTICLE ADHESION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society/Symposium on Particle Adhesion CY FEB 20-23, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ADHES SOC, LOCTITE CORP, NORTON CHEM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADHESION SOCIETY PI BALTIMORE PA MARTIN MARIETTA LABORATORIES 1450 S ROLLING RD, BALTIMORE, MD 21227 PY 1994 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB92Y UT WOS:A1994BB92Y00065 ER PT J AU SHIOYA, M MCDONOUGH, WG SCHUTTE, CL HUNSTON, DL AF SHIOYA, M MCDONOUGH, WG SCHUTTE, CL HUNSTON, DL GP ADHES SOC TI TEST PROCEDURE FOR DURABILITY STUDIES OF THE FIBER MATRIX INTERFACE SO ADHESION SOCIETY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING AND THE SYMPOSIUM ON PARTICLE ADHESION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society/Symposium on Particle Adhesion CY FEB 20-23, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ADHES SOC, LOCTITE CORP, NORTON CHEM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADHESION SOCIETY PI BALTIMORE PA MARTIN MARIETTA LABORATORIES 1450 S ROLLING RD, BALTIMORE, MD 21227 PY 1994 BP 248 EP 251 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB92Y UT WOS:A1994BB92Y00075 ER PT J AU WU, WI VANZANTEN, JH ORTS, WJ AF WU, WI VANZANTEN, JH ORTS, WJ GP ADHES SOC TI OBSERVATION OF TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT THICKNESS IN ULTRATHIN POLYMER FILMS ON SILICON SO ADHESION SOCIETY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING AND THE SYMPOSIUM ON PARTICLE ADHESION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society/Symposium on Particle Adhesion CY FEB 20-23, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ADHES SOC, LOCTITE CORP, NORTON CHEM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADHESION SOCIETY PI BALTIMORE PA MARTIN MARIETTA LABORATORIES 1450 S ROLLING RD, BALTIMORE, MD 21227 PY 1994 BP 323 EP 324 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB92Y UT WOS:A1994BB92Y00098 ER PT B AU HUNSTON, D AF HUNSTON, D GP ASM INT TI NIST-INDUSTRY COLLABORATIONS WITH EMPHASIS ON THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR SO ADVANCED COMPOSITES X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference CY NOV 07-10, 1994 CL DEARBORN, MI SP ASM INT, ESD, THE ENGN SOC, AMER SOC COMPOSITES, AUTOMOT COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM, EDISON MAT TECHNOL, FED LAB CONSORTIUM, GREATLAKES COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM INC, MICHIGAN INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, SUPPLIERS ADV COMPOSITE MAT, SOC ADV MAT & PROC ENGN, SOC MFG ENGINEERS C1 JNATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-542-7 PY 1994 BP 185 EP 190 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC87R UT WOS:A1994BC87R00023 ER PT B AU DUNKERS, J WOERDEMAN, DL PARNAS, R AF DUNKERS, J WOERDEMAN, DL PARNAS, R GP ASM INT TI AN EVANESCENT WAVE FLUORESCENT SENSOR FOR PROCESS CONTROL OF RTM SO ADVANCED COMPOSITES X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference CY NOV 07-10, 1994 CL DEARBORN, MI SP ASM INT, ESD, THE ENGN SOC, AMER SOC COMPOSITES, AUTOMOT COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM, EDISON MAT TECHNOL, FED LAB CONSORTIUM, GREATLAKES COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM INC, MICHIGAN INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, SUPPLIERS ADV COMPOSITE MAT, SOC ADV MAT & PROC ENGN, SOC MFG ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-542-7 PY 1994 BP 257 EP 265 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC87R UT WOS:A1994BC87R00031 ER PT B AU HUNSTON, D AF HUNSTON, D GP ASM INT TI CHARACTERIZING THE FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL ADHESIVE BOND SO ADVANCED COMPOSITES X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference CY NOV 07-10, 1994 CL DEARBORN, MI SP ASM INT, ESD, THE ENGN SOC, AMER SOC COMPOSITES, AUTOMOT COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM, EDISON MAT TECHNOL, FED LAB CONSORTIUM, GREATLAKES COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM INC, MICHIGAN INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, SUPPLIERS ADV COMPOSITE MAT, SOC ADV MAT & PROC ENGN, SOC MFG ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-542-7 PY 1994 BP 463 EP 472 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC87R UT WOS:A1994BC87R00056 ER PT B AU MCDONOUGH, WG SCHUTTE, CL MOON, CK SCHULTHEISZ, CR DUNKERS, JP AF MCDONOUGH, WG SCHUTTE, CL MOON, CK SCHULTHEISZ, CR DUNKERS, JP GP ASM INT TI PROCESSING AND TESTING ISSUES FOR A MODEL POLYISOCYANURATE GLASS SINGLE FIBER COMPOSITE SO ADVANCED COMPOSITES X LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual ASM/ESD Advanced Composites Conference CY NOV 07-10, 1994 CL DEARBORN, MI SP ASM INT, ESD, THE ENGN SOC, AMER SOC COMPOSITES, AUTOMOT COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM, EDISON MAT TECHNOL, FED LAB CONSORTIUM, GREATLAKES COMPOSITES CONSORTIUM INC, MICHIGAN INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, SUPPLIERS ADV COMPOSITE MAT, SOC ADV MAT & PROC ENGN, SOC MFG ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-542-7 PY 1994 BP 535 EP 544 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC87R UT WOS:A1994BC87R00063 ER PT B AU FIELD, BF KELLEY, EF FENIMORE, C BENNETT, HS AF FIELD, BF KELLEY, EF FENIMORE, C BENNETT, HS BE Friedman, PS TI RESEARCH ON FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY MEASUREMENTS AT THE NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY SO ADVANCED FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Flat Panel Display Technologies CY FEB 07-08, 1994 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL, SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1469-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2174 BP 30 EP 34 DI 10.1117/12.172156 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BA43P UT WOS:A1994BA43P00006 ER PT B AU Blaney, MC AF Blaney, MC GP AMER WELDING SOC TI NIST/industry cooperative technology transfer programs SO ADVANCED JOINING TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEW MATERIALS II, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Joining Technologies for New Materials II Conference CY MAR 02-04, 1994 CL COCOA BEACH, FL SP Amer Welding Soc C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 NW LEJEUNE RD, PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 BN 0-87171-441-8 PY 1994 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BD62H UT WOS:A1994BD62H00001 ER PT B AU LEDBETTER, H KIM, S UWE, H IYO, A AF LEDBETTER, H KIM, S UWE, H IYO, A BE Sakaki, H Ohno, H Kawai, S Matsunami, H Aono, M Koinuma, H Raveau, B Wu, MK Finnemore, DK Togano, K TI ELASTIC CONSTANTS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN BA1-XKXBIO3(X=0.3-0.42) SO ADVANCED MATERIALS '93, VI - A & B: A: SUPERCONDUCTORS, SURFACES AND SUPERLATTICES; B: FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IUMRS International Conference on Advanced Materials (ICAM) CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1993 CL SUNSHINE CITY, JAPAN SP INT UNION MAT RES SOC, NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN LTD C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81996-7 J9 T MRS JAP PY 1994 VL 19 IS A & B BP 327 EP 330 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC69K UT WOS:A1994BC69K00072 ER PT J AU Filippelli, AR Lin, CC Anderson, LW McConkey, JW AF Filippelli, A. R. Lin, Chun C. Anderson, L. W. McConkey, J. W. TI PRINCIPLES AND METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON IMPACT EXCITATION CROSS SECTIONS FOR ATOMS AND MOLECULES BY OPTICAL TECHNIQUES SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 [Filippelli, A. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Thermophys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lin, Chun C.; Anderson, L. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McConkey, J. W.] Univ Windsor, Dept Phys, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Filippelli, AR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Thermophys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Air Force Office of Research; National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The work done at the University of Wisconsin was supported by the Air Force Office of Research and the National Science Foundation, and the work done at the University of Windsor was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The authors thank the National Institute of Standards and Technology for support in the preparation of this chapter. NR 108 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2199 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT JI Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 1994 VL 33 BP 1 EP 62 PG 62 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA V12WY UT WOS:000207630500002 ER PT J AU Gallagher, JW AF Gallagher, Jean W. TI GUIDE FOR USERS OF DATA RESOURCES SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gallagher, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2199 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT JI Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 1994 VL 33 BP 373 EP 388 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA V12WY UT WOS:000207630500011 ER PT S AU TEW, WL MANGUM, BW AF TEW, WL MANGUM, BW BE Kittel, P TI NEW PROCEDURES AND CAPABILITIES FOR THE CALIBRATION OF CRYOGENIC RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS AT NIST SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 39, PTS A AND B SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP BABCOCK & WILCOX, INT INST REFRIGERAT, COMMISS A C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44854-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 39 BP 1019 EP 1026 PN A & B PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BB12H UT WOS:A1994BB12H00124 ER PT S AU RAWLINS, W RADEBAUGH, R BRADLEY, PE TIMMERHAUS, KD AF RAWLINS, W RADEBAUGH, R BRADLEY, PE TIMMERHAUS, KD BE Kittel, P TI ENERGY FLOWS IN AN ORIFICE PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATOR SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 39, PTS A AND B SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP BABCOCK & WILCOX, INT INST REFRIGERAT, COMMISS A C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44854-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 39 BP 1449 EP 1456 PN A & B PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BB12H UT WOS:A1994BB12H00178 ER PT S AU HAYNES, WM FRIEND, DG AF HAYNES, WM FRIEND, DG BE Kittel, P TI REFERENCE DATA FOR THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYOGENIC FLUIDS SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 39, PTS A AND B SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP BABCOCK & WILCOX, INT INST REFRIGERAT, COMMISS A C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44854-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 39 BP 1865 EP 1874 PN A & B PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BB12H UT WOS:A1994BB12H00228 ER PT S AU SIMON, NJ DREXLER, ES REED, RP AF SIMON, NJ DREXLER, ES REED, RP BE Reed, RP Fickett, FR Summers, LT Stieg, M TI SHEAR COMPRESSIVE TESTS FOR ITER MAGNET INSULATION SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 40, PTS A AND B: MATERIALS SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)/Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44823-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 40 BP 977 EP 983 PN A & B PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BB12G UT WOS:A1994BB12G00124 ER PT S AU WALSH, RP REED, RP AF WALSH, RP REED, RP BE Reed, RP Fickett, FR Summers, LT Stieg, M TI THERMAL-EXPANSION MEASUREMENTS OF RESINS (4 K-300-K) SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 40, PTS A AND B: MATERIALS SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)/Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44823-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 40 BP 1145 EP 1151 PN A & B PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BB12G UT WOS:A1994BB12G00145 ER PT S AU DREXLER, ES SIMON, NJ REED, RP AF DREXLER, ES SIMON, NJ REED, RP BE Reed, RP Fickett, FR Summers, LT Stieg, M TI STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS AT 4-K OF FORGED, HEAVY-SECTION 316LN SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 40, PTS A AND B: MATERIALS SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)/Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44823-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 40 BP 1199 EP 1206 PN A & B PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BB12G UT WOS:A1994BB12G00152 ER PT S AU TOBLER, RL HWANG, IS AF TOBLER, RL HWANG, IS BE Reed, RP Fickett, FR Summers, LT Stieg, M TI FATIGUE-CRACK THRESHOLDS OF A NICKEL IRON ALLOY FOR SUPERCONDUCTOR SHEATHS AT 4-K SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOL 40, PTS A AND B: MATERIALS SE ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC)/Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) CY JUL 12-16, 1993 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0065-2482 BN 0-306-44823-8 J9 ADV CRYOG ENG PY 1994 VL 40 BP 1315 EP 1322 PN A & B PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BB12G UT WOS:A1994BB12G00167 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SK KRAMER, TR NAU, DS REGLI, WC ZHANG, GM AF GUPTA, SK KRAMER, TR NAU, DS REGLI, WC ZHANG, GM TI BUILDING MRSEV MODELS FOR CAM APPLICATIONS SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE DESIGN CRITIQUING; CAD/CAM INTEGRATION; FEATURE RECOGNITION ID FEATURE RECOGNITION; CONVEX DECOMPOSITION; OBJECTS AB In integrating CAD and CAM applications, one major problem is how to interpret CAD information in a manner that makes sense for CAM. The goal is to develop a general approach that can be used with a variety of CAD and CAM applications for the manufacture of machined parts. In particular, a methodology is presented for taking a CAD model, extracting alternative interpretations of the model as collections of MRSEVs (material removal shape element volumes, a STEP-based library of machining features), and evaluating these interpretations to determine which one is optimal. The evaluation criteria may be defined by the user, in order to select the best interpretation for the particular application at hand. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SYST RES INST,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MFG ENGN LAB,DIV ROBOT SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT COMP SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP GUPTA, SK (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 58 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-9978 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 2-3 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0965-9978(94)90054-X PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA QM389 UT WOS:A1994QM38900006 ER PT J AU SCHAAKE, JC AF SCHAAKE, JC TI SCIENCE STRATEGY OF THE GEWEX CONTINENTAL-SCALE INTERNATIONAL PROJECT (GCIP) SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MIT Colloquium on Hydroclimatology and Global Hydrology CY APR 07-08, 1993 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP MIT AB GCIP is a major scientific undertaking with broad international interest. It addresses many issues at the forefront of climate research and water resources management. This ambitious scientific program depends upon the latest developments in atmospheric and hydrologic modeling, on advances in computer technology and on new measurements that will be available as part of the modernization of US meteorological networks and from future improved environmental satellites. This paper discusses the objectives of GCIP, some of the scientific challenges and strategies being considered to meet these challenges. RP SCHAAKE, JC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF HYDROL,1325 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PY 1994 VL 17 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 127 DI 10.1016/0309-1708(94)90028-0 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA PF515 UT WOS:A1994PF51500011 ER PT S AU CLINE, JP VAUDIN, MD BLENDELL, JE HANDWERKER, CA JIGGETTS, R BOWMAN, KJ MEDENDORP, N AF CLINE, JP VAUDIN, MD BLENDELL, JE HANDWERKER, CA JIGGETTS, R BOWMAN, KJ MEDENDORP, N BE Gilfrich, JV Goldsmith, CC Huang, TC Jenkins, R Noyan, IV Smith, DK Predecki, PK TI TEXTURE MEASUREMENT OF SINTERED ALUMINA USING THE MARCH-DOLLASE FUNCTION SO ADVANCES IN X-RAY ANALYSIS, VOL 37 SE ADVANCES IN X-RAY ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Annual Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis CY AUG 02-06, 1993 CL DENVER, CO SP UNIV DENVER, DEPT ENGN, INT CTR DIFFRACT DATA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0069-8490 BN 0-306-44901-3 J9 ADV X RAY ANAL PY 1994 VL 37 BP 473 EP 478 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BB55S UT WOS:A1994BB55S00057 ER PT J AU BALDOCCHI, D AF BALDOCCHI, D TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF MASS AND ENERGY-EXCHANGE OVER A CLOSED C-3 (WHEAT) AND AN OPEN C-4 (CORN) CANOPY .1. THE PARTITIONING OF AVAILABLE ENERGY INTO LATENT AND SENSIBLE HEAT-EXCHANGE SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER-USE; DRY SEASON; EVAPORATION; FOREST; CO2; TRANSPIRATION; ATMOSPHERE; BALANCE; MODEL AB Eddy correlation measurements of mass and energy were made simultaneously over a closed wheat and an open com crop. This combination of crops, differing in canopy coverage and stomatal physiology, facilitated an investigation on how surface and environmental variables control the partitioning of net radiation into sensible, latent and soil heat exchange. Contrasts in canopy closure had a minor affect on the flux densities of net radiation (R(n)) measured over open com and closed wheat canopies. On the other hand, differences in canopy closure perturbed the partitioning of net radiation into sensible, latent and soil heat exchange. On average, measurements of latent heat flux densities (LE) over the sparse com canopy were 59% less than LE measured over the closed wheat crop. Compensation for this bias caused greater flux densities of sensible (H) and soil (G) heat to be generated from the sparse com canopy. Sensible heat flux densities were, on average, 22% greater over the open com canopy. During the day, soil heat flux densities were, on average, 64% greater under the com canopy than under the wheat. Available energy (A) governed daytime latent heat flux densities over the closed wheat canopy. Consequently, LE was proportional to equilibrium evaporation rates (LE(eq)). When the com canopy was dry, latent heat flux densities were less coupled to available energy (A). This response occurred because exposed soil and the com's C4 physiology increased the corn's canopy resistance to water vapor transfer. When the sparse com canopy was wet, LE approached values experienced by the closed wheat canopy. A rule of thumb, explaining the surface control of latent heat exchange, was extracted from these data. The ratio between LE and LE(eq) diminished linearly with logarithmic increases of surface resistance. Different processes controlled canopy evaporation at night. Nocturnal evaporation flux densities measured over the closed wheat crop were independent of available energy, and instead were a function of the atmosphere's vapor pressure deficit. Evaporation flux densities measured over the sparse crop were weakly dependent on available energy. RP BALDOCCHI, D (reprint author), NOAA,POB 2456,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 57 TC 60 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 220 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90003-5 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MR615 UT WOS:A1994MR61500003 ER PT J AU BALDOCCHI, D AF BALDOCCHI, D TI A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF MASS AND ENERGY-EXCHANGE RATES OVER A CLOSED C-3 (WHEAT) AND AN OPEN C-4 (CORN) CROP .2. CO2 EXCHANGE AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; WINTER-WHEAT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; SOIL RESPIRATION; CANOPY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION; VAPOR AB Major differences exist between the photosynthetic and transpiration rates Of C3 and C4 leaves as a result of biochemical and physiological factors. Whether or not differences between CO2 and water vapor exchange rates Of C3 and C4 species scale from leaf to field dimensions is poorly known. The aim of this work is to improve our understanding on how environmental, architectural and physiological variables affect the flux densities Of CO2 and water vapor over C3 and C4 crop stands during day and night periods. Experimental data were obtained over a closed wheat and an open com stand using the eddy correlation method. Interpretation of the field measurements is aided by the use of a canopy photosynthesis/evaporation model. The flux density of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Q(a)) had a disproportionate influence on CO2 flux densities measured over a closed C3 and an open C4 crop. Variations in Q(a) explained over 88% of the variance in daytime CO2 flux densities, F(c). At night, canopy radiative temperature was the main environmental factor controlling the respiratory CO2 efflux by the two crops. Leaf area index and growth stage were the plant variables that affected F(c) most. Incremental increases in leaf area index enhanced the com crop's ability to absorb incident solar radiation and enlarged the com's sink strength for CO2. Heading by the wheat caused rates of daytime CO2 gains to decrease and rates of night-time CO2 losses to increase. Water use efficiency of the wheat crop improved as the absolute humidity deficit of the atmosphere decreased. Water use efficiency of the com, on the other hand, was relatively insensitive to humidity deficits. With regard to canopy CO2 exchange and water use efficiency, differences in canopy structure between the wheat and com overwhelmed physiological differences. The closed C3 wheat crop assimilated CO2 at a higher rate than the sparse C4 com canopy, even though com uses a more efficient photosynthetic pathway. Consequently, water use efficiency of the com was not greater than values measured over the wheat, Instead, water use efficiencies of the two crops were similar. The com crop assimilated CO2 at a lower rate than wheat because the com's canopy quantum yield was lower and because its sparse canopy absorbed less photosynthetically active radiation than the closed wheat stand. RP BALDOCCHI, D (reprint author), NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 58 TC 120 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 291 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90008-6 PG 31 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MR615 UT WOS:A1994MR61500008 ER PT J AU DERR, VE SLUTZ, RJ AF DERR, VE SLUTZ, RJ TI PREDICTION OF EL-NINO EVENTS IN THE PACIFIC BY MEANS OF NEURAL NETWORKS SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB When rules are uncertain and experts cannot be found, one may use learning systems such as neural networks if a high quality data set can be found. The El Nino phenomenon of the tropical Pacific Ocean consists of major climatic changes occurring stochastically, producing significant changes in rainfall, storm systems over much of the two Americas, and various effects on the fisheries off the coast of the Americas. Forecasting of sea surface temperatures, a significant indicator of El Nino events, is done by using the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set, containing surface temperature, pressure, and wind data from 1884 to present. These data are used to train a neural network and apply it to forecasting. The skill is evaluated by determining the average values of the root mean square differences between forecast and actual values. For lead times of one to six months, the temperature is forecast to better than 1 degrees C accuracy. A comparison with the powerful method of persistence shows the neural net has a higher forecast skill for all but the shortest of lead times. RP DERR, VE (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA NU609 UT WOS:A1994NU60900005 ER PT B AU NAPPO, CJ VANDOP, H AF NAPPO, CJ VANDOP, H BE Gryning, SE Millan, MM TI A BOUNDARY LAYER PARAMETERIZATION FOR GLOBAL DISPERSION MODELS SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION X SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1993 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP NATO CCMS C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44888-2 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 1994 VL 18 BP 177 EP 184 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC58B UT WOS:A1994BC58B00020 ER PT B AU LUHAR, AK RAO, KS AF LUHAR, AK RAO, KS BE Gryning, SE Millan, MM TI SOURCE FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS FOR SCALAR FLUXES MEASURED IN FLOWS OVER AN INHOMOGENEOUS SURFACE SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION X SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1993 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP NATO CCMS C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Luhar, Ashok/A-1488-2012 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44888-2 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 1994 VL 18 BP 315 EP 323 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC58B UT WOS:A1994BC58B00035 ER PT B AU NAPPO, CJ PENDERGRASS, WR ECKMAN, RM AF NAPPO, CJ PENDERGRASS, WR ECKMAN, RM BE Gryning, SE Millan, MM TI REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE RATCHET MODEL USED FOR THE HANFORD-DOSE-RECONSTRUCTION-PROJECT SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION X SE NATO - CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1993 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP NATO CCMS C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44888-2 J9 NATO-CHAL M PY 1994 VL 18 BP 655 EP 656 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Applied; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC58B UT WOS:A1994BC58B00091 ER PT B AU GRAY, G AF GRAY, G GP AMER STAT ASSOC TI The marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey: Methodology and data dissemination SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT STATISTICS SECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Government-Statistics-Section CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Stat Assoc, Govt Stat Sect DE SURVEY SAMPLING; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DIV FISHERIES STAT,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-11-X PY 1994 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA BD50Y UT WOS:A1994BD50Y00046 ER PT B AU VANGEL, MG AF VANGEL, MG GP AMER STATIST ASSOC TI Anova estimates of variance components for a class of mixed models SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Section-on-Physical-and-Engineering-Sciences CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Statist Assoc, Sect Phys & Engn Sci DE HENDERSON METHOD; QUADRATIC FORM; SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-14-4 PY 1994 BP 91 EP 96 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics GA BD57P UT WOS:A1994BD57P00017 ER PT B AU LIGGETT, W AF LIGGETT, W GP AMER STATIST ASSOC TI Functional errors-in-variables models in measurement optimization experiments SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Section-on-Physical-and-Engineering-Sciences CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Statist Assoc, Sect Phys & Engn Sci DE MEASUREMENT ERROR; NUISANCE PARAMETER; P VALUE; REPLICATES; RESPONSE SURFACE; SINGULAR VALUE DECOMPOSITION C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-14-4 PY 1994 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics GA BD57P UT WOS:A1994BD57P00035 ER PT B AU VANGEL, MG AF VANGEL, MG GP AMER STATIST ASSOC TI One-sided beta-content tolerance intervals for mixed models SO AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION 1994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECTION ON PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Statistical-Association, Section-on-Physical-and-Engineering-Sciences CY AUG 13-18, 1994 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Statist Assoc, Sect Phys & Engn Sci DE MODIFIED LARGE SAMPLE TECHNIQUE; QUADRATIC FORM, CONFIDENCE LIMIT; QUANTILE; DESIGN ALLOWABLE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 BN 1-883276-14-4 PY 1994 BP 200 EP 206 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Physics, Mathematical; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Physics; Mathematics GA BD57P UT WOS:A1994BD57P00036 ER PT J AU FERRELL, RA MOLDOVER, MR AF FERRELL, RA MOLDOVER, MR TI ON THE LIMITATION IMPOSED BY GRAVITY ON MEASUREMENTS OF THE CRITICAL VISCOSITY OF A PURE FLUID SO ANNALEN DER PHYSIK LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL VISCOSITY; GRAVITATIONAL ROUNDING; ELECTROSTRICTION ID CRITICAL EXPONENT AB Measurements of the viscosity of a fluid by means of a parallel plate torsional oscillator are conventionally limited to a plate separation that is much larger than the viscous penetration depth of the fluid contained between the plates. Here we demonstrate that, in principle, useful measurements can be carried out in the opposite regime where the thickness is smaller than the penetration depth. An alternative method, described in the last part of this paper, for alleviating the restriction imposed by the density stratification that results from the earth's gravity, is to use electrostriction, rather than the inertial force, to drive the fluid between the plates. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR THEORET PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP FERRELL, RA (reprint author), TECH UNIV MUNICH,DEPT PHYS,D-85747 GARCHING,GERMANY. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHANN AMBROSIUS BARTH VERLAG PI HEIDELBERG PA IM WEIHER 10, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0003-3804 J9 ANN PHYS-LEIPZIG JI Ann. Phys.-Leip. PY 1994 VL 3 IS 3 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1002/andp.19945060306 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA NP289 UT WOS:A1994NP28900005 ER PT J AU NESBITT, DJ AF NESBITT, DJ TI HIGH-RESOLUTION, DIRECT INFRARED-LASER ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY IN SLIT SUPERSONIC JETS - INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND UNIMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS IN CLUSTERS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE VAN DER WAALS MOLECULES; HYDROGEN BONDING; POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; PREDISSOCIATION ID ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTRUM; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM TRANSFER; VANDERWAALS MOLECULES; OVERTONE SPECTROSCOPY; INTERNAL ROTOR; HF DIMER; AR-HCL; PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS C1 UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NESBITT, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 125 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-426X J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 1994 VL 45 BP 367 EP 399 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA PR656 UT WOS:A1994PR65600012 ER PT J AU BUR, AJ THOMAS, CL AF BUR, AJ THOMAS, CL GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI REAL-TIME OPTICAL MONITORING OF POLYMER INJECTION-MOLDING SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 490 EP 495 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00082 ER PT B AU SPINU, I MCKENNA, GB AF SPINU, I MCKENNA, GB GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI PHYSICAL AGING OF NYLON-66 SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 2063 EP 2066 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00396 ER PT B AU WALDRON, WK MCKENNA, GB SANTORE, MM AF WALDRON, WK MCKENNA, GB SANTORE, MM GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI PROBING AGING AND REJUVENATION IN THE NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC RANGE SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 2071 EP 2076 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00398 ER PT B AU CHIANG, MYM MCKENNA, GB YUAN, J AF CHIANG, MYM MCKENNA, GB YUAN, J GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI A MICROMECHANICAL MODEL OF DIMENSIONAL RECOVERY IN A COMPOSITE LAYER SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 2116 EP 2119 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00407 ER PT J AU SCHUTTE, CL MCAULIFFE, M AF SCHUTTE, CL MCAULIFFE, M GP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS TI DURABILITY OF GLASS-FIBER POLYMER COMPOSITES SO ANTEC 94 - PLASTICS: GATE WAY TO THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Technical Conference of the Society-of-Plastics-Engineers on Plastics: Gateway to the Future CY MAY 01-05, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SOC PLAST ENGINEERS C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PLASTICS ENGINEERS PI BROOKFIELD CENTER PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD CENTER, CT 06805 PY 1994 BP 2394 EP 2397 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BA73Y UT WOS:A1994BA73Y00465 ER PT J AU MANDEL, J AF MANDEL, J TI A REDUCED RANK REGRESSION-MODEL FOR VARIATION IN SOLAR-RADIATION SO APPLIED STATISTICS-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C LA English DT Letter RP MANDEL, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0035-9254 J9 APPL STAT-J ROY ST C JI Appl. Stat.-J. R. Stat. Soc. PY 1994 VL 43 IS 3 BP 529 EP 529 PG 1 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA NV337 UT WOS:A1994NV33700007 ER PT J AU SHEARER, KD AF SHEARER, KD TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF CULTURED FISHES WITH EMPHASIS ON SALMONIDS SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION; RAINBOW-TROUT DIETS; BODY-COMPOSITION; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHANNEL CATFISH; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS AB The endogenous and exogenous factors reported to affect the proximate composition of cultured fishes, with emphasis on salmonids, are examined. Methods of reporting and comparing proximate composition are discussed. Examination of measurements presented in a number of published papers, using allometric analysis, indicates that comparison of proximate compositions on a dry weight basis and failure to include fish size as a covariate have, in many cases, led to erroneous conclusions concerning the effects of environmental and dietary factors on the proximate composition of cultured fishes. Available evidence indicates that the protein content of growing salmonids is determined solely by fish size (is endogenously controlled), that lipid level is effected by both endogenous and exogenous factors, that ash content is homeostatically controlled, and that whole body moisture is inversely related to body lipid. The implications of the present findings to nutrition studies and the potential for modification of carcass composition in cultured fish are discussed. RP NOAA, NMFS, DEPT COMMERCE, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 122 TC 405 Z9 440 U1 2 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 119 IS 1 BP 63 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90444-8 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MR255 UT WOS:A1994MR25500006 ER PT B AU OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW RYER, CH AF OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW RYER, CH BE DeGroot, SJ Roberts, RJ Danielssen, DS Howell, BR Moksness, E TI BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS IN HATCHERY-REARED FISH - POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON SURVIVAL FOLLOWING RELEASE SO AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, VOL 25, 1994, SUPPLEMENT 1: SEA RANCHING OF COD AND OTHER MARINE FISH SPECIES, AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sea Ranching of Cod and Other Marine Fish Species CY JUN 15-18, 1993 CL INST MARINE RES, FLODEVIGEN MARINE RES STN, ARENDAL, NORWAY SP MINIST FISHERIES NORWAY, NORWEGIAN FISHERIES RES COUNCIL, NORWEGIAN SEA RANCHING PROGRAM, AUST AGDER CTY NORWAY HO INST MARINE RES, FLODEVIGEN MARINE RES STN C1 COOPERAT INST MARINE RESOURCE STUDIES,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NEWPORT,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENTIFIC PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 OEL PY 1994 BP 19 EP 34 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BB19H UT WOS:A1994BB19H00002 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, DJ BALAZS, GH AF RUSSELL, DJ BALAZS, GH TI COLONIZATION BY THE ALIEN MARINE ALGA HYPNEA-MUSCIFORMIS (WULFEN) J AG (RHODOPHYTA, GIGARTINALES) IN THE HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS AND ITS UTILIZATION BY THE GREEN TURTLE, CHELONIA-MYDAS L SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID RED SEAWEED; GROWTH; STRIATUM; FIELD AB In Hawaii, the alien red alga, Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J. Ag., was originally planted on reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, in January 1974, but has since spread to many other locations on Oahu and to other Hawaiian islands. This alga, along with the previously introduced alien seaweed, Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Boerg., is now being prominently used as a food source by the green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.) in the Hawaiian Islands. This is the first known documentation of introduced algae being incorporated into the diet of the green turtle, a species considered endangered world-wide. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP RUSSELL, DJ (reprint author), EVERETT COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT BIOL,EVERETT,WA 98201, USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/0304-3770(94)90048-5 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MY221 UT WOS:A1994MY22100006 ER PT J AU BUSHBY, ST NEWMAN, HM AF BUSHBY, ST NEWMAN, HM TI BACNET - A TECHNICAL UPDATE SO ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS LA English DT Article RP BUSHBY, ST (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MECH SYST & CONTROLS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEAT REFRIG AIR- CONDITIONING ENG INC PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J.-Am. Soc. Heat Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 36 IS 1 BP S72 EP & PG 0 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA MT260 UT WOS:A1994MT26000007 ER PT S AU CHANG, SS AF CHANG, SS BE Seyler, RJ TI CALORIMETRIC STUDIES ON GLASSES AND GLASS-TRANSITION PHENOMENA SO ASSIGNMENT OF THE GLASS TRANSITION SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Assignment of the Glass Transition, at the 20th Anniversary of the ASTM Committee E-37 on Thermal-Mechanics CY MAR 04-05, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM E 37 THERMAL METHODS, SOC PLAST ENGINEERS, PLAST ANAL DIV, N AMER THERMAL ANAL SOC DE CALORIMETRY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY (DSC); FICTIVE TEMPERATURE; GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; RESIDUAL ENTROPY; VITREOUS STATE C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,MAT ENGN & SCI LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1995-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1994 VL 1249 BP 120 EP 136 DI 10.1520/STP15369S PG 17 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BB55P UT WOS:A1994BB55P00010 ER PT S AU BENDER, PL AF BENDER, PL BE Foing, BH TI PROPOSED MICROWAVE TRANSPONDERS FOR EARLY LUNAR ROBOTIC LANDERS SO ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE FROM THE MOON SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium E4 of the COSPAR 29th Plenary Meeting on Astronomy and Space Science from the Moon CY AUG 28-SEP 05, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP COSPAR, INT ACAD ASTRON, INT ASTRON UNION, CTR NATL ETUDES SPATIALES, EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY, NASA AB The possibility of placing Ka-band microwave transponders on the Moon with early robotic landers is being explored. For measurements from a single observatory on Earth to transponders at two or more well-separated lunar sites, the atmospheric correction uncertainty for the range difference would be about 0.05 mm. With the carrier phase difference as the observable, the overall accuracy goal for the range difference is about 0.2 mm, except for a constant bias. The factor 100 accuracy improvement compared with current lunar laser range measurements would give much more definitive information on the existence and size of a fluid core, as well as highly accurate measurements of the lunar tidal distortion and possibly information on turbulent motions in the core. The estimated maximum power, average power, and mass for a transponder plus broad beam antenna are 10 W, 0.2 W, and 10 kg. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO. RP BENDER, PL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-042483-X J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1994 VL 14 IS 6 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90033-7 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA12C UT WOS:A1994BA12C00032 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SA LINSKY, JL SCHMITT, JHMM ROSSO, C AF DRAKE, SA LINSKY, JL SCHMITT, JHMM ROSSO, C TI X-RAY-EMISSION FROM CHEMICALLY PECULIAR STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, PECULIAR; X-RAYS, STARS ID RADIO-EMISSION; STELLAR WINDS; HOT STARS; CLOUD; AP AB We have searched the ROSA T All-Sky Survey (RASS) database at the positions of approximately 100 magnetic Bp-Ap stars of the helium-strong, helium-weak, silicon, and strontium-chromium subclasses. We detect X-ray sources at the positions of 10 of these stars; in four cases the X-ray emission presumably arises from an early-type companion with a radiatively driven wind, while we believe that the magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) star is the most likely X-ray source (as opposed to a binary companion) in at least three and at most five of the six remaining cases. The helium-strong stars have X-ray emission levels that are characteristic of the luminous OB stars with massive winds (log L(x)/L(bol) approximately -7), whereas the He-weak and Si stars (which generally show no evidence for significant mass loss) have log L(x)/L(bol) values that can reach as high as approximately -6. In contrast, we find no convincing evidence that the cooler SrCrEu-type CP stars are intrinsic X-ray sources. We discuss the X-ray and radio emission properties of our sample of CP stars, and argue that both types of emission may be magnetospheric in origin; however, there is clearly not a simple one-to-one correspondence between them, since many of the magnetic stars that are detected radio sources were not detected as X-ray sources in the present survey. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. MAX PLANCK INST EXTRA TERRESTR PHYS,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY. RP DRAKE, SA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS SCI ARCH RES CTR,CODE 668,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 420 IS 1 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1086/173568 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MN701 UT WOS:A1994MN70100032 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HA AF GARCIA, HA TI TEMPERATURE AND HARD X-RAY SIGNATURES FOR ENERGETIC PROTON EVENTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUN, FLARES; SUN, PARTICLE EMISSION; SUN, X-RAYS, GAMMA RAYS ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; PARTICLE EVENTS; SOLAR-FLARES; INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; RADIO-BURSTS; HINOTORI; ASSOCIATIONS; ELECTRONS AB The temperature distributions of flares associated with solar energetic protons (SEPs) have been found to differ significantly from those of normal (non-SEP-associated) flares. At high temperature (greater than or similar to 20 MK) and high X-ray intensity, the two temperature distributions merge. At lower temperature (less than or similar to 20 MK) and low X-ray intensity, the distributions separate; the SEP-associated flares tend to exhibit temperatures anomalously lower than those of normal flares. At high X-ray intensity, gradual hard X-ray flares are highly correlated with SEPs; at low-to-moderate X-ray intensities, this correlation is much weaker. These two properties, a low-temperature signature for weak flares and a gradual hard X-ray signature for intense flares, may prove useful in identifying events potentially productive of SEPs for all levels of intensity above soft X-ray class M1. RP GARCIA, HA (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 420 IS 1 BP 422 EP 432 DI 10.1086/173572 PN 1 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MN701 UT WOS:A1994MN70100036 ER PT J AU AYRES, TR STAUFFER, JR SIMON, T STERN, RA ANTIOCHOS, SK BASRI, GS BOOKBINDER, JA BROWN, A DOSCHEK, GA LINSKY, JL RAMSEY, LW WALTER, FM AF AYRES, TR STAUFFER, JR SIMON, T STERN, RA ANTIOCHOS, SK BASRI, GS BOOKBINDER, JA BROWN, A DOSCHEK, GA LINSKY, JL RAMSEY, LW WALTER, FM TI A FAR-ULTRAVIOLET FLARE ON A PLEIADES-G DWARF SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STAR, CORONAE; STARS, FLARE; STARS, MASS LOSS; STARS, ROTATION; ULTRAVIOLET, STARS ID X-RAY FLARE; EMISSION; SOLAR; CLUSTER AB The HST/FOS recorded a remarkable transient brightening in the C IV lambda lambda 1548,50 emissions of the rapidly rotating Pleiades G dwarf H II 314. On the one hand the ''flare'' might be a rare event luckily observed; on the other hand it might be a bellwether of the coronal heating in very young solar-mass stars. If the latter, flaring provides a natural spin-down mechanism through associated sporadic magnetospheric mass loss. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT ASTRON,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP AYRES, TR (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,CAMPUS BOX 389,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Antiochos, Spiro/D-4668-2012 OI Antiochos, Spiro/0000-0003-0176-4312 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 420 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/187156 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA MN702 UT WOS:A1994MN70200009 ER PT J AU OLTMANS, SJ LEVY, H AF OLTMANS, SJ LEVY, H TI SURFACE OZONE MEASUREMENTS FROM A GLOBAL NETWORK SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OZONE DISTRIBUTION; OZONE TRENDS; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; DESTRUCTION; TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERE; ANTARCTICA; PACIFIC; NITRATE; LEVEL; OCEAN AB From a network of sites, primarily in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean regions, measurements of the surface ozone concentration yield information on the seasonal, synoptic, and diurnal patterns. These sites, generally removed from the effects of local pollution sources, show characteristics that typify broad geographical regions. At Barrow, AK; Mauna Loa, HI; American Samoa; and South Pole, data records of 15-20 years show trends that in all cases are a function of season. This dependence on season is important in understanding the causes of the long-term changes. At Barrow, the summer (July, August, September) increase of 1.7% per year is probably indicative of photochemical production. At South Pole, on the other hand, the summer (December, January, February) decrease is related to photochemical losses and enhanced transport from the coast of Antarctica. At all the sites there is a pronounced seasonal variation. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), all locations which run from 14 to 90 degrees S show a winter (July-August) maximum and summer minimum. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH) most of the sites show a spring maximum and autumn minimum. At Barrow (70 degrees N) and Barbados (14 degrees), however, the maxima occur during the winter, but for very different reasons. At many of the sites, the transport changes associated with synoptic scale weather patterns dominate the day-to-day variability. This is particularly pronounced at Bermuda and the more tropical sites. In the tropics, there is a very regular diurnal surface ozone cycle with minimum values in the afternoon and maxima early in the morning. This appears to result from photochemical destruction during the day in regions with very low concentrations of nitrogen oxides. At Niwot Ridge, CO, and Mace Head, Ireland, there is clear evidence of photochemical ozone production in the summer during transport from known regional pollution sources. C1 NOAA,ERL,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP OLTMANS, SJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 43 TC 240 Z9 251 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 1 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90019-1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MU849 UT WOS:A1994MU84900003 ER PT J AU POST, MJ GLAES, T MATTA, J SOMMERVILLE, D EINFELD, W AF POST, MJ GLAES, T MATTA, J SOMMERVILLE, D EINFELD, W TI A LIDAR TECHNIQUE TO QUANTIFY SURFACE DEPOSITION FROM ATMOSPHERIC RELEASES OF BULK LIQUIDS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE LIDAR; DISPERSION; SPRAYING; DEPOSITION AB We show that a scanning, pulsed lidar can be used to quantify the time history and areal concentration of mass deposited on the ground from an elevated release of bulk liquid. Aircraft measurements, witness card depositions and evaporative modeling crudely support results from analysed lidar data. C1 USA,CTR CHEM RES DEV & ENGN,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV APPL ATMOSPHER RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP POST, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90100-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NR212 UT WOS:A1994NR21200009 ER PT J AU ECKMAN, RM AF ECKMAN, RM TI REEXAMINATION OF EMPIRICALLY DERIVED FORMULAS FOR HORIZONTAL DIFFUSION FROM SURFACE SOURCES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SURFACE-LAYER DIFFUSION; WIND SHEAR; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; TAYLOR EQUATION; ON-SITE DIFFUSION SCHEME ID TROPOSPHERIC RELATIVE DIFFUSION; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; DISPERSION; PARAMETERS; TURBULENCE; LAYER AB Field measurements indicate that the dispersion parameter sigma(y) is proportional to x(p), where x is the downwind distance and the power p is generally less than unity but greater than 1/2. The conventional explanation for this less-than-linear growth is that the diffusion is undergoing a transition from the near-field to the far-field limits of Taylor's equation. An alternate explanation is presented in this paper for surface releases. This explanation assumes that the less-than-linear growth of sigma(y) with x is due to the logarithmic wind profile. A simple roughness- and stability-dependent diffusion model based on this explanation is shown to compare well with field measurements of sigma(y). In neutral conditions, the model indicates that sigma(y) should be proportional to x0.86 and z(o)0.14, where z(o) is the roughness length. RP NOAA, ARI, DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90101-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NR212 UT WOS:A1994NR21200010 ER PT J AU SIEVERING, H GORMAN, E KIM, Y LEY, T SEIDL, W BOATMAN, J AF SIEVERING, H GORMAN, E KIM, Y LEY, T SEIDL, W BOATMAN, J TI HETEROGENEOUS CONVERSION CONTRIBUTION TO THE SULFATE OBSERVED OVER LAKE-MICHIGAN SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Note DE SULFATE; SULFUR DIOXIDE; OZONE OXIDATION; HETEROGENEOUS CONVERSION; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER ID MASS-TRANSPORT LIMITATION; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRY DEPOSITION; NATURAL-WATERS; OXIDATION; SULFUR; SO2; PARTICLES; DROPLETS; MODEL AB It has been shown that sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfate (SO42-) heterogeneous conversion occurs by ozone (O3) oxidation in the high pH water associated with coarse sea-salt particles over the oceans. To further investigate this conversion mechanism, aircraft-based coarse and fine particle filter pack sampling, O3 and SO2 real-time monitoring, and aerosol optical probe particle size spectra determinations were incorporated into measurements over the alkaline fresh waters of Lake Michigan during June and July 1991. Ion chromatography analysis of Teflon filters showed that one-third of the observed total SO42-, with a mean value of 55 nmol SO42- m-3; was present in coarse-mode, predominantly lake-derived particles. The sum of lake and soil particle sources contributed <6 nmol SO42- m-3 to the coarse-mode 55 nmol SO42- m-3; cloud conversion and coagulation contributed < 5 nmol SO42- m-3. The total of these sources contributed < 20% of the coarse-mode SO42-, whereas O3-oxidized SO42- conversion in the water associated with coarse particles produced from 10 to > 55 nmol SO42- m-3. Heterogeneous conversion of SO2, when a few mug m-3 (or more) of buffered water is present in large particles, may produce sufficient SO42- that it must be considered in boundary layer sulfur mass balance calculations and models. C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,AEROSOL RES STN,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV MUNICH,INST METEOROL,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. RP SIEVERING, H (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CTR ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 136,POB 173364,DENVER,CO 80217, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)90113-9 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NR212 UT WOS:A1994NR21200022 ER PT B AU FRISCH, AS FAIRALL, CW SNIDER, JB AF FRISCH, AS FAIRALL, CW SNIDER, JB BE Flood, WA Miller, WB TI USE OF A CLOUD-SENSING RADAR AND A MICROWAVE RADIOMETER AS A STRATUS CLOUD PROFILER SO ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND REMOTE SENSING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric Propagation and Remote Sensing III CY APR 05-07, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NOAA,ENVIRON M TECHNOL LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1526-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2222 BP 238 EP 249 DI 10.1117/12.177989 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BA83V UT WOS:A1994BA83V00027 ER PT J AU WILLIS, PT HALLETT, J BLACK, RA HENDRICKS, W AF WILLIS, PT HALLETT, J BLACK, RA HENDRICKS, W BE Waldvogel, A TI AN AIRCRAFT STUDY OF RAPID PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT AND ELECTRIFICATION IN A GROWING CONVECTIVE CLOUD SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, VOL 33, NOS 1-4, JUNE 8, 1994: SPECIAL ISSUE: 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION, PT II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation CY AUG 17-21, 1992 CL MCGILL UNIV, MONTREAL, CANADA HO MCGILL UNIV C1 NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD08J UT WOS:A1994BD08J00001 ER PT J AU PALMER, AJ AF PALMER, AJ BE Waldvogel, A TI LIDAR-ACOUSTIC SENSING OF CLOUDS SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, VOL 34, NOS 1-4, JUNE 20, 1994: SPECIAL ISSUE: 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION, PT III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation CY AUG 17-21, 1992 CL MCGILL UNIV, MONTREAL, CANADA HO MCGILL UNIV C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS PY 1994 BP 323 EP 328 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BD08K UT WOS:A1994BD08K00023 ER PT J AU STROM, MS NUNN, DN LORY, S AF STROM, MS NUNN, DN LORY, S TI POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING OF TYPE-IV PREPILIN AND HOMOLOGS BY PILD OF PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA SO BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS, PT A SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN SECRETION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; LEADER PEPTIDASE; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; GENES; METHYLATION; CLEAVAGE; ORGANIZATION C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP STROM, MS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV UTILIZAT RES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI21451] NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1994 VL 235 BP 527 EP 540 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BA88R UT WOS:A1994BA88R00042 PM 8057924 ER PT S AU KERCH, HM BURDETTE, HE GERHARDT, R KRUEGER, S ALLEN, AJ LONG, GG AF KERCH, HM BURDETTE, HE GERHARDT, R KRUEGER, S ALLEN, AJ LONG, GG BE Cheetham, AK Brinker, CJ Mecartney, ML Sanchez, C TI IN-SITU MICROSTRUCTURE CHARACTERIZATION OF SINTERING OF CONTROLLED POROSITY MATERIALS SO BETTER CERAMICS THROUGH CHEMISTRY VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Better Ceramics Through Chemistry, at the 1994 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-08, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Gerhardt, Rosario/D-6573-2012 OI Gerhardt, Rosario/0000-0001-8774-0842 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-246-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 346 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BB59M UT WOS:A1994BB59M00024 ER PT J AU KRUUK, H KANCHANASAKA, B OSULLIVAN, S WANGHONGSA, S AF KRUUK, H KANCHANASAKA, B OSULLIVAN, S WANGHONGSA, S TI NICHE SEPARATION IN 3 SYMPATRIC OTTERS LUTRA-PERSPICILLATA, L-LUTRA AND AONYX-CINEREA IN HUAI-KHA-KHAENG, THAILAND SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE DIET; HABITAT; COMPETITION; EXCLUSION; SCENT-MARKING ID SHETLAND; FOOD; SIZE AB Three species of otter, Lutra lutra, L. perspicillata and Aonyx cinerea, occur sympatrically in the Huai Kha Khaeng river and tributaries, Thailand. Small differences in their use of major sections of the river are described, as are variations in micro-habitat and in food: L. perspicillata is the most specialized fish eater, taking larger fish than L. lutra which also eats more amphibians, and A. cinerea is a crab specialist. However, on all scores there is a large overlap between the three species, especially between the two Lutra, with some evidence for interaction leading to exclusion. Implications for conservation management of the area are discussed. C1 ROYAL FOREST DEPT,WILDLIFE CONSERVAT SECT,BANGKOK 10900,THAILAND. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,PASCAGOULA,MS 39568. RP KRUUK, H (reprint author), INST TERR ECOL,BANCHORY RES STN,HILL BRATHENS,BANCHORY AB31 4BY,KINCARDINE,SCOTLAND. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PY 1994 VL 69 IS 1 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90334-4 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM352 UT WOS:A1994NM35200013 ER PT J AU PLANAS, JV GOETZ, FW SWANSON, P AF PLANAS, JV GOETZ, FW SWANSON, P TI MECHANISMS OF GONADOTROPIN (GTH-II) ACTION ON BROOK TROUT PREOVULATORY OVARIAN FOLLICLES SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT BIOL SCI,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 1994 VL 50 SU 1 BP 99 EP 99 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA NR591 UT WOS:A1994NR59100182 ER PT S AU KASIANOWICZ, J WALKER, B KRISHNASASTRY, M BAYLEY, H AF KASIANOWICZ, J WALKER, B KRISHNASASTRY, M BAYLEY, H BE Alper, M Bayley, H Kaplan, D Navia, M TI GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED PORES AS METAL-ION BIOSENSORS SO BIOMOLECULAR MATERIALS BY DESIGN SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium S, Biomolecular Materials by Design CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NIST,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOSENSORS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-229-4 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 330 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science GA BB13M UT WOS:A1994BB13M00028 ER PT J AU HIMELBLOOM, BH STEVENS, BG AF HIMELBLOOM, BH STEVENS, BG TI MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF A FISH WASTE DUMP SITE IN ALASKA SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FISH WASTE DISPOSAL; MARINE BACTERIA; SUBMERSIBLE ID BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; NUMERICAL TAXONOMY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BEAUFORT SEA; DIVERSITY; GULF AB The bacteriological impact of fish waste dumping in the ocean was evaluated by comparing heterotrophic bacterial counts for seawater and sediment at the dump site with those from a control site. Prior to dumping, fish waste contained 3.0 x 10(7) bacteria g-1. Seawater near the ocean floor (bottom water) and sediment from the dump site contained 4.1 x 10(2) bacteria ml-1 and 2.2 x 10(6) bacteria g-1, respectively. Bottom water and sediment samples from the control site contained significantly lower bacterial counts (< 10(2) bacteria g-1 and 6.1 x 10(4) bacteria g-1, respectively) than the dump site samples. For the five aerobic media tested, significant differences in bacterial counts occurred only for the fish waste samples. Anaerobic bacterial counts, for all samples except fish waste, were slightly less than the aerobic bacterial counts. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,KODIAK,AK 99615. RP HIMELBLOOM, BH (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,CTR FISHERY IND TECHNOL,900 TRIDENT WAY,KODIAK,AK 99615, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PY 1994 VL 47 IS 3 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1016/0960-8524(94)90185-6 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA NC312 UT WOS:A1994NC31200006 ER PT J AU MCCURLEY, MF AF MCCURLEY, MF TI AN OPTICAL BIOSENSOR USING A FLUORESCENT, SWELLING SENSING ELEMENT SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE SENSOR; ENZYME; PH; FIBER OPTIC; POLYMER; GEL; SWELLING; FLUORESCENCE ID SENSOR AB An optical sensor based on coupling the swelling of a polymer gel to a change in fluorescence intensity is discussed. A fluorophore, an amine functional group and the enzyme glucose oxidase were each incorporated into a crosslinked polymer gel, which was formed on the end of a fiber optic rod. While the amount of fluorophore remains constant, the gel volume changes in response to a change in the ionization state of the amine moiety. This change is related to glucose concentration. These effects were examined along with subsequent changes in the fluorescence of the gel. RP MCCURLEY, MF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 222,ROOM A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PY 1994 VL 9 IS 7 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/0956-5663(94)90015-9 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA PM804 UT WOS:A1994PM80400008 ER PT J AU SMITH, W BERRIEN, P POTTHOFF, T AF SMITH, W BERRIEN, P POTTHOFF, T TI SPAWNING PATTERNS OF BLUEFISH, POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX, IN THE NORTHEAST CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; FISHES AB Bluefish eggs and larvae were collected in the Northeast Continental Shelf Ecosystem (NCSE) from 1977 through 1987 as part of a fisheries ecosystem study designed to establish baselines against which changes in species composition and diversity could be observed and evaluated. Spawning began as early as May when eggs and larvae occurred off Cape Hatteras, advanced northward with time, peaked in July when eggs and larvae occurred as far north as Cape Cod, and ended in late August. Unlike earlier studies that argue for multiple and distinct spawning seasons, this 11-year study concludes that spawning in the NCSE represents the continuation of a protracted season that begins in late winter in slope waters off the southeastern United States and progresses northward with time. Results add to a growing block of evidence that supports a unit stock designation for the bluefish population along the east coast of the United States. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. RP SMITH, W (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732, USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NG919 UT WOS:A1994NG91900002 ER PT J AU HOOD, PB GODCHARLES, MF BARCO, RS AF HOOD, PB GODCHARLES, MF BARCO, RS TI AGE, GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND THE FEEDING ECOLOGY OF BLACK-SEA BASS, CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA (PISCES, SERRANIDAE), IN THE EASTERN GULF-OF-MEXICO SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; ATLANTIC AB Aspects of life history and feeding ecology are described for black sea bass, Centropristis striata, collected from the eastern Gulf of Mexico primarily between December 1966 and December 1967. Marginal increment analysis suggests that bands on sagittae are deposited once a year during the late spring to early summer. Mean empirical standard lengths ranged from 106 mm at age 0 to 278 mm at age VII. Estimates of parameters for a von Bertalanffy growth equation were calculated for males (L(infinity) = 265 mm, k = 0.29, t(o) = -1.28), for females (L(infinity) = 218 mm, k = 0.36, t(o) = -1.31), and for all aged fish (L(infinity) = 311 mm, k = 0.16, t(o) = -2.00). Mean length at age was greater for males than for females. Black sea bass are protogynous hermaphrodites, with females outnumbering males by 1.5.1 in our samples. Females became mature between ages I and III (120-190 mm SL). No females were older than age VI. Most transitional fish were between ages 11 and IV (160-230 mm SL). Males were present at all ages, and mature males were 90-330 mm SL. Histological analysis of gonads suggested that spawning occurs from December to April. Forty-two prey species and 44 additional diet items identified to higher taxonomic categories were found in stomach contents. Amphipods, stomatopods, shrimps, crabs, and fishes were numerically the most common prey species. Caridean shrimp, penaeid shrimp, and xanthid crabs were the dominant prey items for inshore black sea bass, whereas majid crabs, stomatopods, and fishes dominated the diet of offshore fish. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,REG OFF,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33702. RP HOOD, PB (reprint author), FLORIDA DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,FLORIDA MARINE RES INST,100 8TH AVE SE,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 1 BP 24 EP 37 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NG919 UT WOS:A1994NG91900004 ER PT J AU PARRISH, FA POLOVINA, JJ AF PARRISH, FA POLOVINA, JJ TI HABITAT THRESHOLDS AND BOTTLENECKS IN PRODUCTION OF THE SPINY LOBSTER (PANULIRUS-MARGINATUS) IN THE NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; REEF FISHES; PREDATION; ARGUS; RECRUITMENT; SHELTER; MICROHABITAT; SETTLEMENT; MACROALGAE; ABUNDANCE AB Variations in landings from the lobster fishery among banks of the northwestern Hawaiian Archipelago were compared with bank topography and benthic habitat characteristics. Summit depth, harvest area, amount of shallow habitat, and latitude were considered in relation to pre-exploitation research catch rates and 6 years of commercial fishery landings. A threshold between lobster production and the depth of bank summit was observed; banks with summits deeper than 30 m yielded few lobsters. The effect of benthic habitat relief was then examined for three selected, bathymetrically similar banks, two commercially productive and one unproductive. Percent cover of habitat variables with characteristic relief such as sand, algae, and coral outcrops were measured on each of the banks during 70 scuba dives. Juvenile lobster stages were found significantly associated with habitat scale. The nonlinear relationship indicated both high and low extremes in relief yield poor catch per unit of effort (CPUE). Only the variable intermediate relief (5-30 cm) was associated with high sublegal lobster CPUE. The two productive banks had much more benthic relief at this scale than did the unproductive, suggesting that the abundance of intermediate relief habitat represents a bottleneck to adult lobster production. RP PARRISH, FA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 1 BP 151 EP 163 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NG919 UT WOS:A1994NG91900012 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, WJ AF RICHARDS, WJ TI SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN REEF FISH RECRUITMENT RESEARCH - INTRODUCTION SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material RP RICHARDS, WJ (reprint author), NOAA,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 54 IS 1 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA NG919 UT WOS:A1994NG91900015 ER PT J AU FRIDAY, EW AF FRIDAY, EW TI THE MODERNIZATION AND ASSOCIATED RESTRUCTURING OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE - AN OVERVIEW SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NEXRAD AB The scientific understanding of the atmosphere and the ability to forecast large- and small-scale hydrometeorological phenomena have increased dramatically over the last two decades. As a result, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has set an ambitious goal: to modernize the National Weather Service (NWS) through the deployment of proven observational, information processing, and communications technologies, and to establish an associated cost-effective operational structure. The modernization and associated restructuring of the NWS will assure that the major advances that have been made in our ability to observe and understand the atmosphere are applied to the practical problems of providing atmospheric and hydrologic services to the nation. Implementation and practice of the new science will improve forecasts, provide more reliable detection of and warnings for severe weather and flooding, achieve more uniform hydrometeorological services across the nation, permit a more cost-effective NWS, and increase productivity among NWS employees. The changes proposed by the NWS will allow increased productivity and efficiency for any entity dependent on weather information, including local, state, and federal government agencies; researchers; private-sector meteorologists; private industry; and resource management organizations. This is the first in a series of articles intended to highlight these changes. RP FRIDAY, EW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 10 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 75 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0043:TMAARO>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW696 UT WOS:A1994MW69600003 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JM AF LEWIS, JM TI CAL-TECHS PROGRAM IN METEOROLOGY - 1933-1948 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The California Institute of Technology (Cat Tech) established a course of study in meteorology in 1933. It was intimately tied to the upsurge of activity in commercial and military aviation that occurred in the period between the world wars. The tragic crash of the airship U.S.S. Akron provided the stimulus for including meteorology as a subprogram in the aeronautics department at Cal Tech. Theodore von Karman, head of the department and director of the school's Guggenheim Aeronautics Laboratory, masterminded the design of the program and geared it toward the solution of practical problems using the principles of dynamic meteorology. One of his doctoral students, living Krick, was groomed to develop the program. Robert Millikan, head of the institute, fostered an approach to science that encouraged the faculty to consult and work with industry. In this environment, Krick established links with aviation, motion picture studios, and public utilities that would set the stage for the research thrust in meteorology. The program was primarily designed for training at the master's degree level, and a significant number of the graduates became entrepreneurs in meteorology. Based on letters of reminiscence and oral histories from some of these consulting meteorologists, it has been concluded that the Millikan/von Karman philosophy of science played an important part in directing the meteorologists into the private sector. Following World War II, Lee DuBridge replaced Millikan as head of the institute. DuBridge's efforts were directed toward making the small elite school scientifically competitive in the changed conditions of a postwar world. In this climate, the merging of private business with academic work fell into disfavor. Without champions such as Millikan and von Karman, the meteorology program was unable to survive. RP LEWIS, JM (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 75 IS 1 BP 69 EP 81 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0069:CTPIM>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA MW696 UT WOS:A1994MW69600006 ER PT J AU JOYCE, JE HEINTZ, R SMOKER, WW GHARRETT, AJ AF JOYCE, JE HEINTZ, R SMOKER, WW GHARRETT, AJ TI SURVIVAL TO FRY AND SEAWATER TOLERANCE OF DIPLOID AND TRIPLOID HYBRIDS BETWEEN CHINOOK (ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA), CHUM (ONCORHYNCUS-KETA), AND PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; GYNOGENESIS; PERFORMANCE; KISUTCH AB We investigated the viability and seawater tolerance of all possible combinations of triploid and diploid hybrids between chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum (O. keta), and pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) in two brood years. Triploidy (induced by heat shock shortly after fertilization) was determined by flow cytometry of blood taken from a sample of the fish. A factorial mating design was used to estimate the effects of cross, heat shock (ploidy), and their interaction. With the exception of the chinook (female) X chum (male) cross, all combinations produced offspring that survived to yolk absorption. Survival of heat-shocked groups was lower than that of diploid controls at the eyed stage and at hatching, but not different from diploids between hatching and yolk absorption. Induced triploidy did not increase the viability of interspecies hybrids. The level of triploid induction averaged across all heat-shocked crosses was 88% in one year and 95% in the other. Seawater tolerance (measured by 24-h seawater challenge survival) was higher in chinook hybrids with pink and chum salmon than in chinook controls. Seawater tolerance did not differ between diploid controls and heat-shocked triploid groups. Combinations that had seawater tolerance shortly after yolk absorption include chinook x pink, pink x chinook, and chum x chinook. C1 UNIV ALASKA,SCH FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI,DIV FISHERIES,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP JOYCE, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1139/f94-291 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500005 ER PT J AU TEPLITZ, RL JOYCE, JE DOROSHOV, SI MIN, BH AF TEPLITZ, RL JOYCE, JE DOROSHOV, SI MIN, BH TI A PRELIMINARY PLOIDY ANALYSIS OF DIPLOID AND TRIPLOID SALMONIDS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID DNA AB The findings indicate that mosaicism does occur in triploids and especially in triploid hybrids. Immature diploid and triploid salmon were obtained from the University of Alaska - National Marine Fisheries Service. These were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and blocks taken from Various tissues including kidney, liver, spleen, and gonads. The paraffin blocks were sectioned at 4 mu m and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic evaluation and to quantitate nuclear DNA. The slides for DNA evaluation were stained using the Cell Analysis Systems, Inc. (GAS, Elmhurst, IL) kit following Feulgen hydrolysis. The Cell Analysis Systems, inc. (Model 200) computer-assisted image analyzer was used for DNA quantitation. An attempt was made to evaluate the frequency of mosaicism, ploidy variation in somatic and gonadal tissues of triploids and hybrids as compared with normal diploids. Hepatic ploidy variation, normal in adult animals, was not present in these specimens. However, in gonads there was evidence of increased mosaicism among the triploids. Because of mosaicism in gonadal tissue, sterility of triploids cannot be presumed with certainty at this stage. Further studies are planned to examine this and other questions raised by these results. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY,AK 99801. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ANIM SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP TEPLITZ, RL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT MED PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1139/f94-293 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500007 ER PT J AU KONDZELA, CM GUTHRIE, CM HAWKINS, SL RUSSELL, CD HELLE, JH GHARRETT, AJ AF KONDZELA, CM GUTHRIE, CM HAWKINS, SL RUSSELL, CD HELLE, JH GHARRETT, AJ TI GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CHUM SALMON POPULATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA AND NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; STOCK IDENTIFICATION AB Allozymes from 46 loci were analyzed from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) collected at 61 locations in southeast Alaska and northern British Columbia. Of the 42 variable loci, 21 had a common allele frequency <0.95. We observed significant heterogeneity within and among six regional groups: central southeast Alaska, Prince of Wales island area, southern southeast Alaska - northern British Columbia, north-central British Columbia, and two groups in the Queen Charlotte islands. Genetic variation among regions was significantly greater than within regions. The three island groups were distinct from each other and from the mainland populations. Allele frequencies were stable over time in 14 of 15 locations sampled for more than 1 yr. The geographic basis for heterogeneity among regions is confounded in part by spawning-time differences. The Prince of Wales and Queen Charlotte populations spawn in the fall; the mainland populations spawn mainly in the summer, although some overlap exists. Overall, most genetic diversity (97%) occurred within sampling locations; the remaining diversity was distributed almost equally within and among regions. Our genetic data may provide fishery managers a means to estimate stock composition in the mixed-stock fisheries near this boundary between the United States and Canada. C1 UNIV ALASKA,SCH FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP KONDZELA, CM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 33 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 50 EP 64 DI 10.1139/f94-295 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500009 ER PT J AU FRIEDLAND, KD REDDIN, DG AF FRIEDLAND, KD REDDIN, DG TI USE OF OTOLITH MORPHOLOGY IN STOCK DISCRIMINATIONS OF ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO-SALAR) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; EUROPEAN ORIGIN; NORTH-AMERICAN; SHAPE; WATERS AB Shape of sagittal otoliths was used to develop discriminant function models to classify Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by continent and country of origin. The outline shape was digitized with an image processor and used to calculate a complex Fourier transform of the closed contour and two shape indices, rectangularity and circularity. The shape indices and the magnitudes of the first 20 nonzero or nonidentity harmonics were used as input variables. Samples were obtained from known-origin one-sea-winter salmon captured in either Canada or West Greenland during 1 986-88. Classification by continent of origin was designed to discriminate between North American and European salmon. Jackknifed classification efficiency was 88% for the continent model. Classification by country of origin was designed to discriminate between salmon of United States and Canada origin and between salmon of Ireland and United Kingdom origin; these models performed with classification efficiencies of 64 and 69%, respectively. These results suggest that otolith morphology may be an effective tool to identify continent of origin for salmon fisheries management. However, before the model is implemented, the discriminant function training set should be broadened to include a wider cross section of stocks likely to occur in mixed-stock fisheries. C1 FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SCI BRANCH,ST JOHNS A1C 5X1,NF,CANADA. RP FRIEDLAND, KD (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 40 TC 67 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1139/f94-011 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NC198 UT WOS:A1994NC19800011 ER PT J AU WINANS, GA AEBERSOLD, PB URAWA, S VARNAVSKAYA, NV AF WINANS, GA AEBERSOLD, PB URAWA, S VARNAVSKAYA, NV TI DETERMINING CONTINENT OF ORIGIN OF CHUM SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA) USING GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES - STATUS OF ALLOZYME BASE-LINE IN ASIA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATIONS; WALBAUM; WASHINGTON AB A three-agency program was initiated in 1989 to develop a new multilocus genetic baseline for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Japan and Russia for use in stock identification; allele frequencies at 77 allozyme loci are reported in 38 samples covering most of its north-south limits of distribution in Asia. In a 62-locus data set for 17 Japanese and 12 Russian samples, average heterozygosity ranged from 0.066 to 0.087 (mean 0.079) and the average number of P-0.95 and P-0.99 loci was 14 and 26, respectively. Tests of year-to-year variation in allele frequencies were not significant at five of six locations. For the P-0.95 loci, F-ST Values ranged from 0.007 (sMDH-B1*) to 0.154 (mAAT-2*) and averaged 0.038. A clear distinction between Russian and japanese samples was observed at Nei's D = 0.006, and genetic differentiation generally followed a regional pattern within each country. Principal component analysis of the P-0.95 loci revealed a large difference between japanese and Russian samples. Four loci (sAAT-1,2*, mAAT-2*, LDH-A1*: and PEPLT*) had high loadings on the first two principal components. Analyses of a simulated fishery with 200 fish revealed a high degree of precision in estimating contributions to seven population groups and to country of origin. C1 FISHERIES AGCY JAPAN, HOKKAIDO SALMON HATCHERY, SAPPORO, HOKKAIDO 062, JAPAN. KAMCHATKA TINRO, PETROPAVLOVSK KAMCHATSKI, RUSSIA. RP WINANS, GA (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA. NR 57 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 95 EP 113 DI 10.1139/f94-298 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500012 ER PT J AU MACE, PM AF MACE, PM TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMON BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS USED AS THRESHOLDS AND TARGETS OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE-YIELD AB Relationships between various biological reference points (BRPs) used to define thresholds and targets of fisheries management strategies were examined for a range of combinations of life history characteristics. Rank orderings of the selected BRPs were strongly influenced by the degree of density dependence in the underlying spawning-recruitment (S-R) relationship. The validity of F0.1, F(max), F20% (the fishing mortality at which spawning per recruit is 20% of the maximum), and other reference fishing mortality rates as approximations to F(msy) or as thresholds of overfishing is highly dependent on life history characteristics, particulary the degree of density dependence in the S-R relationship. It is recommended that F40% be adopted as a target fishing mortality rate when the S-R relationship is unknown and that threshold levels of biomass be related to the estimated or assumed degree of density dependence in the S-R relationship. Two new methods of calculating threshold biomass levels are suggested as alternatives to the familiar 20% B0 rule. RP MACE, PM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,1335 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Dankel, Dorothy/B-4859-2008 NR 15 TC 239 Z9 247 U1 5 U2 33 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 51 IS 1 BP 110 EP 122 DI 10.1139/f94-013 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA NC198 UT WOS:A1994NC19800013 ER PT J AU WAPLES, RS DO, C AF WAPLES, RS DO, C TI GENETIC RISK ASSOCIATED WITH SUPPLEMENTATION OF PACIFIC SALMONIDS - CAPTIVE BROODSTOCK PROGRAMS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Lowell-Wakefield-Fisheries International Symposium on Genetics of Subarctic Fish and Shellfish CY MAY 17-19, 1993 CL JUNEAU, AK SP ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NATL PK SERV, N PACIFIC FISHERY MANAGEMENT COUNCIL, US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV, UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS, ALASKA SEA GRANT COLL PROGRAM ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CONSERVATION GENETICS; COHO SALMON; HATCHERY; CRYOPRESERVATION; VARIABILITY AB We simulated some of the genetic consequences of temporarily using captive broodstocks to supplement Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations. Results were summarized in terms of the parameter Delta IBD, which represents the change in level of inbreeding in the postsupplementation population compared with the control. We found that: (1) the most important factor affecting Delta IBD was whether the population remained large after supplementation ceased; (2) the absolute number of wild adults taken for broodstock had a stronger influence on Delta IBD than did the proportion of the population sampled; (3) if a captive broodstock program is successful, virtually all of the genes in the postsupplementation population will be derived from fish taken into the hatchery for broodstock; (4) in programs that last longer than one generation, marking hatchery fish is essential to avoid additional increases in inbreeding, and marking rates <100% may be ineffective; and (5) broodstock practices such as sib-avoidance mating and equalizing progeny number affected inbreeding levels during the captive phase but had little permanent effect on Delta IBD. A number of factors not considered in this study (e.g., domestication selection and the fitness consequences of given levels of inbreeding) should also be evaluated in deciding whether or how to implement captive broodstock programs. RP WAPLES, RS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 23 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PY 1994 VL 51 SU 1 BP 310 EP 329 DI 10.1139/f94-318 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA QR475 UT WOS:A1994QR47500032 ER PT J AU WINSLOW, DN COHEN, MD BENTZ, DP SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ AF WINSLOW, DN COHEN, MD BENTZ, DP SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ TI PERCOLATION AND PORE STRUCTURE IN MORTARS AND CONCRETE SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONDENSED SILICA FUME; INTERFACIAL ZONE; PORTLAND-CEMENT; SIMULATION; POROSITY; PASTE; MICROSTRUCTURE; MEDIA; MODEL AB The cement paste in concrete and mortar has been shown to have a pore size distribution different than that of plain paste hydrated without aggregate. For mortar and concrete, additional porosity occurs in pore sizes larger than the plain paste's threshold diameter as measured by mercury intrusion. Based on the assumption that these larger pores are essentially present only in the interfacial zones surrounding each aggregate, an experimental program was designed in which the volume fraction of sand in a mortar was varied in a systematic fashion and the resultant pore system probed using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The intrusion characteristics were observed to change drastically at a critical sand content. Similar results are observed for a series of mortar specimens in which the cement paste contains 10% silica fume. To better interpret the experimental results, a hard core/soft shell computer model has been developed to examine the percolation characteristics of these interfacial zone pores. Using the model, interfacial zone percolation in concretes is also examined. Finally, the implications of interfacial zone percolation for transport properties and durability of mortar and concrete are discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WINSLOW, DN (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 27 TC 142 Z9 151 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PY 1994 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/0008-8846(94)90079-5 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA MQ188 UT WOS:A1994MQ18800003 ER PT J AU BENTZ, DP STUTZMAN, PE AF BENTZ, DP STUTZMAN, PE TI EVOLUTION OF POROSITY AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE IN LABORATORY CONCRETES CONTAINING SILICA FUME SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PORTLAND-CEMENT MORTARS; INTERFACIAL ZONE; MICROSTRUCTURE; HYDRATION AB Laboratory concretes containing only coarse aggregates and 0, 10, or 20% silica fume as a cement replacement were prepared at a constant water-to-solids ratio and sampled at 1, 7, and 28 days. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to monitor the progress of the hydration reactions both in the bulk paste and in regions near an aggregate surface. Phase volume fractions were determined by quantitative image analysis of the backscattered electron images. In addition, the size of ''individual'' two-dimensional cross sections of calcium hydroxide crystals and capillary pores were assessed. Silica fume additions are seen to affect both the amount and size of these microstructural features. Differences are observed between interfacial zone and bulk areas which support previous mercury intrusion measurements of mortar specimens. This analysis lends support to the hypothesis that when silica fume is present, calcium hydroxide crystals form and then dissolve away, contributing to a connected pathway of capillary porosity in the interfacial zone regions. RP BENTZ, DP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BLDG & FIRE RES LAB, BLDG 226, ROOM B-348, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PY 1994 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1044 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/0008-8846(94)90027-2 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA PD488 UT WOS:A1994PD48800006 ER PT J AU WINSLOW, DN COHEN, MD BENTZ, DP SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ AF WINSLOW, DN COHEN, MD BENTZ, DP SNYDER, KA GARBOCZI, EJ TI PERCOLATION AND PORE STRUCTURE IN MORTARS AND CONCRETE - REPLY SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WINSLOW, DN (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH CIVIL ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PY 1994 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1569 EP 1581 DI 10.1016/0008-8846(94)90172-4 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA PX106 UT WOS:A1994PX10600020 ER PT B AU BOREMAN, J AF BOREMAN, J BE Dyer, KR Orth, RJ TI Impacts of changes in fishing- and habitat-induced mortality on reproductive potential of three estuarine fish species SO CHANGES IN FLUXES IN ESTUARIES: IMPLICATIONS FROM SCIENCE TO MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ECSA22/ERF Symposium on Changes in Fluxes in Estuaries - Implications from Science to Management CY SEP 13-18, 1992 CL UNIV PLYMOUTH, INST MARINE STUDIES, PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Estuarine & Coastal Sci Assoc, Estuarine Res Federat, Eng Nat, Sci Comm Ocean Res, ICI Grp Invironm Lab, Natl Rivers Authority SW Reg, Valeport Ltd, Duncan & Associates, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, WS Ocean Syst, US EPA, Hudson River Fdn, Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Sea Grant Program, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coastal Ocean Program, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Pollut Program Off, US Minerals Management Serv, US Geol Survey, WS Atkins Ltd HO UNIV PLYMOUTH, INST MARINE STUDIES DE ESTUARIES; STRIPED BASS; WINTER FLOUNDER; SHORTNOSE STURGEON; POPULATION MODELING; IMPACT ASSESSMENT C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,NOAA,COOPERAT MARINE EDUC & RES PROGRAM,AMHERST,MA 01003. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OLSEN & OLSEN PI FREDENSBORG PA HELSTEDSVEJ 10 DK-3480, FREDENSBORG, DENMARK BN 87-85215-22-8 PY 1994 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography; Water Resources GA BD65Y UT WOS:A1994BD65Y00052 ER PT S AU TUNG, MS SUNG, P AF TUNG, MS SUNG, P BE Horowitz, E Parr, JE TI CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE TYPE REFERENCE MATERIAL - DEVELOPMENT, PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION SO CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE COATINGS FOR IMPLANTS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Characterization and Performance of Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Implants CY NOV 17, 1992 CL MIAMI, FL SP AMER SOC TESTING & MAT, COMM MED & SURG MAT & DEVICE DE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTALLINITY; HYDROXYAPATITE; REFERENCE MATERIAL; PREPARATION; SOLUBILITY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,PRC ADAHF,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-1854-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1994 VL 1196 BP 99 EP 110 DI 10.1520/STP25186S PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA28L UT WOS:A1994BA28L00010 ER PT J AU LANDRUM, PF FAUST, WR AF LANDRUM, PF FAUST, WR TI THE ROLE OF SEDIMENT COMPOSITION ON THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF LABORATORY-DOSED SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS TO THE AMPHIPOD, DIPOREIA (SPP) SO CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY LA English DT Article DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS; AMPHIPODS; BIOAVAILABILITY; SEDIMENT ID TOXICITY; PONTOPOREIA; QUALITY; CARBON AB Bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants depends on contaminant and sediment characteristics and organism behavior and physiology. Bioavailability of a sediment-associated contaminant can be defined by the uptake clearance. Uptake clearance is the volume or mass of the source compartment scavenged of contaminant per mass of organism per time. For non-polar organic contaminants, carbon normalization has been suggested as a means of normalizing the relative bioavailability among sediments of differing compositions. To examine this, amphipods, Diporeia spp., were exposed to five take Michigan sediments and one soil from Florissant, MO, each spiked with selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The uptake clearances (k(s)) were then determined. The PAH congeners were generally less bioavailable, based on k(s), than the PCB congeners after accounting for contaminant hydrophobicity. The k(s) values generally declined as the fraction of fine particles (<63 mu m) and organic carbon increased among the sediments. Organic carbon normalization reduced the variability among the k(s) values to approximately a factor of two among the Lake Michigan sediments, but the Florissant soil was an outlier. The compounds were more bioavailable from the Florissant soil than from the Lake Michigan sediments, and the relative availability increased with increasing contaminant hydrophobicity up to a factor of eight for hexachlorobiphenyl. RP LANDRUM, PF (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS PI NORTHWOOD PA PO BOX 81, NORTHWOOD, MIDDX, ENGLAND HA6 3DN SN 0954-2299 J9 CHEM SPEC BIOAVAILAB JI Chem. Speciation Bioavail. PY 1994 VL 6 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QK184 UT WOS:A1994QK18400004 ER PT B AU SUNDA, WG AF SUNDA, WG BE Bidoglio, G Stumm, W TI TRACE-METAL PHYTOPLANKTON INTERACTIONS IN THE SEA SO CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS: LOCAL AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES SE EUROCOURSES-CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Eurocourse on Chemistry of Aquatic Systems: Local and Global Perspectives CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 1993 CL JOINT RES CTR, ISPRA, ITALY HO JOINT RES CTR C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. NR 0 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2867-1 J9 EURO CH ENV PY 1994 VL 5 BP 213 EP 247 PG 35 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BB18G UT WOS:A1994BB18G00009 ER PT J AU BEUTTLER, TM AF BEUTTLER, TM TI MARINE NATURE-RESERVES IN FRANCE - LEGAL FRAMEWORK, MANAGEMENT, AND COMPARATIVE NOTES FOR THE UNITED-STATES MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE FRANCE; TERRITORIAL SEA; COASTAL MANAGEMENT; LAW; MARINE RESERVES; SANCTUARIES; ESTUARIES AB This study evaluates a method used by the Republic of France to protect discrete marine areas of shoreline and adjacent coastal waters through designation of sites as marine nature reserves. Although much smaller in size than many national marine sanctuaries in the United States, the reserves in France represent successful efforts to protect and manage coastal marine areas. This is due in part to a high amount of local involvement during the designation process; the use of advisory committees at the reserves as well as scientific committees, which develop and conduct research projects within the sites; and the use of core areas, in which almost all human activities are prohibited or restricted, to promote repopulation of fish communities and to increase species diversity. The initiative for creating the reserves begins at the local level and is coordinated among local officials, user groups, environmental organizations and the national government. This study describes the legal framework in which the reserves are created and examines aspects of management, scientific research, and law enforcement of a marine reserve. RP BEUTTLER, TM (reprint author), NOAA,OFF GEN COUNSEL,SW REG,501 W OCEAN BLVD,SUITE 4470,LONG BEACH,CA 90802, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JAN-MAR PY 1994 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1080/08920759409362216 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NB166 UT WOS:A1994NB16600001 ER PT S AU SERCHUK, FM GROSSLEIN, MD LOUGH, RG MOUNTAIN, DG OBRIEN, L AF SERCHUK, FM GROSSLEIN, MD LOUGH, RG MOUNTAIN, DG OBRIEN, L BE Jakobsson, J Atthorsson, OS Beverton, RJH Bjornsson, B Daan, N Frank, KT Meincke, J Rothschild, B Sundby, S Tilseth, S TI FISHERY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING TRENDS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN THE GEORGES BANK AND GULF OF MAINE ATLANTIC COD STOCKS - AN OVERVIEW SO COD AND CLIMATE CHANGE - PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SE ICES MARINE SCIENCE SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cod and Climate Change CY AUG 23-27, 1993 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND SP INT COUNCIL EXPLORAT SEA C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT COUNCIL EXPLORATION SEA PI COPENHAGEN K PA CHARLOTTENLUND SLOT, DK-1261 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK SN 0906-060X J9 ICES MAR SC PY 1994 VL 198 BP 77 EP 109 PG 33 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC51P UT WOS:A1994BC51P00007 ER PT S AU LOUGH, RG SMITH, WG WERNER, FE LODER, JW PAGE, FH HANNAH, CG NAIMIE, CE PERRY, RI SINCLAIR, M LYNCH, DR AF LOUGH, RG SMITH, WG WERNER, FE LODER, JW PAGE, FH HANNAH, CG NAIMIE, CE PERRY, RI SINCLAIR, M LYNCH, DR BE Jakobsson, J Atthorsson, OS Beverton, RJH Bjornsson, B Daan, N Frank, KT Meincke, J Rothschild, B Sundby, S Tilseth, S TI INFLUENCE OF WIND-DRIVEN ADVECTION ON INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY IN COD EGG AND LARVAL DISTRIBUTIONS ON GEORGES BANK - 1982 VS 1985 SO COD AND CLIMATE CHANGE - PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM SE ICES MARINE SCIENCE SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cod and Climate Change CY AUG 23-27, 1993 CL REYKJAVIK, ICELAND SP INT COUNCIL EXPLORAT SEA C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT COUNCIL EXPLORATION SEA PI COPENHAGEN K PA CHARLOTTENLUND SLOT, DK-1261 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK SN 0906-060X J9 ICES MAR SC PY 1994 VL 198 BP 356 EP 378 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BC51P UT WOS:A1994BC51P00029 ER PT J AU SMYTH, KC AF SMYTH, KC TI COMBUSTION METROLOGY - A MANIFESTO SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR DIFFUSION FLAME; PROFILES; LAMINAR RP SMYTH, KC (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 98 IS 4-6 BP 341 EP 347 DI 10.1080/00102209408935419 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PJ746 UT WOS:A1994PJ74600014 ER PT J AU HAMINS, A FISCHER, SJ KASHIWAGI, T KLASSEN, ME GORE, JP AF HAMINS, A FISCHER, SJ KASHIWAGI, T KLASSEN, ME GORE, JP TI HEAT FEEDBACK TO THE FUEL SURFACE IN POOL FIRES SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A series of measurements designed to investigate the heat feedback in pool fires burning liquid fuels are reported. Such measurements are essential for the development and validation of detailed models which predict the burning rate of liquid hydrocarbons and solid polymers. The radial variation of the local radiative and local net heat flux incident on the surface of 0.30 m diameter pool fires were measured. A water-cooled, nitrogen purged, narrow view-angle gauge was developed to measure the radiative flux incident on the fuel surface. Measurements of the mass burning rate in a burner composed of annular rings was used to estimate the local heat feedback. A number of different fuels were studied, yielding flames with a wide range of heat release rates and luminosities. Consideration of the heat balance for a control volume enclosing the liquid pool indicated that radiation was an important component of the heat feedback for non-luminous fires and a dominant component in luminous fires. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH MECH ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP HAMINS, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 14 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 97 IS 1-3 BP 37 EP 62 DI 10.1080/00102209408935367 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PJ440 UT WOS:A1994PJ44000003 ER PT J AU OHLEMILLER, T CORLEY, D AF OHLEMILLER, T CORLEY, D TI HEAT RELEASE RATE AND INDUCED WIND-FIELD IN A LARGE-SCALE FIRE SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FOREST FIRES; FIRE-INDUCED WINDS; FLOW MODEL; HEAT RELEASE RATE AB Logging slash on a 486 hectare site in Ontario was burned as part of a Forestry Canada forest management program. A 100 hectare portion of this site was instrumented by several groups interested in large scale fires. NIST utilized Forestry Canada data on mass loading before and after the fire, total burning area as a function of time and burning duration to estimate the spatial and temporal pattern of heat release during the burning of the instrumented section of the fire. The heat release rate was estimated to reach 2-4 x 10(7) kW during the time of interest. This information was utilized in the context of a flow model due to Baum and McCaffrey to calculate the near-ground flow field induced by this heat release pattern; the results compared moderately well with point measurements made in the field. RP OHLEMILLER, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BUILDING & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 97 IS 4-6 BP 315 EP 330 DI 10.1080/00102209408935383 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PJ442 UT WOS:A1994PJ44200004 ER PT J AU YANG, JC HAMINS, A KASHIWAGI, T AF YANG, JC HAMINS, A KASHIWAGI, T TI ESTIMATE OF THE EFFECT OF SCALE ON RADIATIVE HEAT-LOSS FRACTION AND COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Note DE BURNING RATE; COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY; FLAME HEIGHT; RADIATIVE HEAT LOSS FRACTION ID LIQUID POOL FIRES AB The effect of fire size on radiative heat loss fraction ((chi r)) and combustion efficiency ((chi a)) was examined by an analysis of scale for pool flames with varying diameter (D). Correlations between D and (chi r) or(chi a) were obtained. For 0.1m < D < 1m, (chi r) and (chi a) are relatively constant and independent of D. For larger pool diameters, (chi r) decreases with increasing D. RP YANG, JC (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1994 VL 96 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1080/00102209408935354 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA PJ194 UT WOS:A1994PJ19400012 ER PT J AU WANG, CM AF WANG, CM TI ON ESTIMATING APPROXIMATE DEGREES OF FREEDOM OF CHI-SQUARED APPROXIMATIONS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE APPROXIMATE F-TESTS; BEHRENS-FISHER PROBLEM; SATTERTHWAITE APPROXIMATION; VARIANCE COMPONENTS ID EXPECTED MEAN SQUARES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; LINEAR-COMBINATIONS; TOLERANCE LIMITS; MODELS AB In statistical applications involving linear models, many inferences can only be made based on statistics that are functions of positive linear combinations of mean squares. The Satterthwaite procedure is commonly used to approximate the distribution of such a linear combination to a chi-squared with appropriate degrees of freedom. This article presents a new procedure, based on recent work on confidence intervals, for determining this approximate degrees of freedom. Numerical examples are also given to compare the performance of the proposed method with other approximations. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT SIMULAT JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 769 EP 788 DI 10.1080/03610919408813198 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA NW543 UT WOS:A1994NW54300012 ER PT J AU VANGEL, MG AF VANGEL, MG TI ONE-SIDED NONPARAMETRIC TOLERANCE LIMITS SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-SIMULATION AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE INCREASING FAILURE RATE; LOG-CONVEX; HANSON-KOOPMANS AB It is well known that a single order statistic can sometimes be used as a one-sided nonparametric tolerance limit. Unfortunately, there are often minimum sample sizes below which these single-order-statistic limits do not exist. Also, the number of confidence levels for exact limits is equal to the sample size, and this can lead to further conservatism for small samples. This article presents one-sided nonparametric tolerance limits, based on two or more order statistics, which do not have these limitations. These limits are an extension of the work of Hanson and Koopmans (1964) on conservative one-sided tolerance limits for large classes of distribution functions. The extensions include greatly improved algorithms for determining the constants required by the tolerance limits, and a generalization to more than two order statistics. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0361-0918 J9 COMMUN STAT SIMULAT JI Commun. Stat.-Simul. Comput. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1154 DI 10.1080/03610919408813222 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA PP462 UT WOS:A1994PP46200017 ER PT J AU PARNAS, RS SALEM, AJ SADIQ, TAK WANG, HP ADVANI, SG AF PARNAS, RS SALEM, AJ SADIQ, TAK WANG, HP ADVANI, SG TI THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC FLOW IN RTM PREFORMS SO COMPOSITE STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-FLOW; HYDRODYNAMIC THICKNESS; POLYMER-CHAIN; POROUS-MEDIA; RESIN; DYNAMICS; CONFORMATION AB Both experimental and modeling results are presented to convey the wide span of length scales over which flow in porous media can occur in a single material. Flow in such heterogeneous porous media are shown to be important in composites processing because the structure of fibrous reinforcements contains multiple length scales. Flow phenomena that arise due to material heterogeneity have been shown to include void formation and to explain the differences observed between measurements of the 'wet' permeability and the 'dry' permeability. The work presented indicates that the heterogeneous reinforcement structure may also contribute to the differences observed in permeability measurements carried out by the radial flow and the one-dimensional flow methods. The concept of heterogeneous porous media is also extended to the molecular level by considering the flow problem in a reinforcement sized with grafted macromolecules. C1 GE CO, CORP RES & DEV LABS, SCHENECTADY, NY 12301 USA. UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT MECH ENGN, NEWARK, DE 19716 USA. RP PARNAS, RS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV POLYMERS, BLDG 224, RM A-209, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 41 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-8223 EI 1879-1085 J9 COMPOS STRUCT JI Compos. Struct. PY 1994 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0263-8223(94)90071-X PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA MK354 UT WOS:A1994MK35400013 ER PT S AU CASWELL, RS SELTZER, SM AF CASWELL, RS SELTZER, SM BE Varma, MN Chatterjee, A TI MONTE-CARLO AND ANALYTIC METHODS IN THE TRANSPORT OF ELECTRONS, NEUTRONS, AND ALPHA-PARTICLES SO COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES IN MOLECULAR RADIATION BIOLOGY: MONTE CARLO METHODS SE BASIC LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT DOE Workshop on Computational Approaches in Molecular Radiation Biology - Monte Carlo Methods CY APR 26-29, 1993 CL IRVINE, CA SP US DOE, OFF HLTH & ENVIRONM RES C1 KUS DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0090-5542 BN 0-306-44995-1 J9 BASIC LIFE SCI PY 1994 VL 63 BP 115 EP 136 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BC49E UT WOS:A1994BC49E00009 ER PT S AU MEOTNER, M AF MEOTNER, M BE Wipff, G TI IONIC HYDROGEN-BOND ASSEMBLIES IN CLUSTERS - RESOURCES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MODELING SO COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES IN SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Computational Approaches in Supramolecular Chemistry CY SEP 01-05, 1993 CL BISCHENBERG, FRANCE SP NATO, SCI COMM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-2767-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1994 VL 426 BP 31 EP 49 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BA60T UT WOS:A1994BA60T00002 ER PT B AU RUST, BW AF RUST, BW BE Sall, J Lehman, A TI PERTURBATION BOUNDS FOR LINEAR REGRESSION PROBLEMS SO COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS, VOL 26: COMPUTATIONALLY INTENSIVE STATISTICAL METHODS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on the Interface of Computing Science and Statistics - Computationally Intensive Statistical Methods CY JUN 15-18, 1994 CL RESEARCH TRIANGLE PK, NC SP Interface Fdn N Amer C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV COMP & APPL MATH,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 BN 1-886658-00-5 PY 1994 BP 528 EP 532 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BD22V UT WOS:A1994BD22V00098 ER PT B AU VONGLAHN, P VANBRUNT, RJ AF VONGLAHN, P VANBRUNT, RJ GP IEEE, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A NEW DIGITAL PARTIAL DISCHARGE RECORDING AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1994 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation CY JUN 05-08, 1994 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1942-7 PY 1994 BP 12 EP 16 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA96P UT WOS:A1994BA96P00002 ER PT B AU BROWN, A AF BROWN, A BE Caillault, JP TI Coronal and transition region spectroscopy of cool stars using EUVE SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN - 8TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Georgia Univ HO GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 0-937707-83-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1994 VL 64 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD88D UT WOS:A1994BD88D00003 ER PT B AU HARPER, GM AF HARPER, GM BE Caillault, JP TI Geometry, and the interpretation of chromospheric spectra SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN - 8TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Georgia Univ HO GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JILA,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 0-937707-83-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1994 VL 64 BP 414 EP 416 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD88D UT WOS:A1994BD88D00096 ER PT B AU LINSKY, JL ANDRULIS, C SAAR, SH AYRES, TR GIAMPAPA, MS AF LINSKY, JL ANDRULIS, C SAAR, SH AYRES, TR GIAMPAPA, MS BE Caillault, JP TI The relationship between radiative and magnetic fluxes for three active solar-type dwarfs SO COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN - 8TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY OCT 11-14, 1993 CL GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC, ATHENS, GA SP Georgia Univ HO GEORGIA CTR CONTINUING EDUC C1 UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 BN 0-937707-83-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1994 VL 64 BP 438 EP 440 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BD88D UT WOS:A1994BD88D00104 ER PT B AU Ghosh, RN Clark, AF Sanborn, BA Williams, ER AF Ghosh, RN Clark, AF Sanborn, BA Williams, ER BE Glattli, DC Sanquer, M TranThanhVan, J TI Cryogenic precision capacitance bridge using a single electron tunneling electrometer SO COULOMB AND INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN SMALL ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES SE MORIOND PARTICLE PHYSICS MEETINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics Session on Coulomb and Interference Effects in Small Electronic Structures, at the XXIXth Rencontre de Moriond CY JAN 22-29, 1994 CL VILLARS SUR OLLON, SWITZERLAND SP CNRS, IN2P3, CEA, NSF C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS FRONTIERES PI DREUX PA 7 AVENUE KENNEDY, 28100 DREUX, FRANCE BN 2-86332-159-5 J9 MORIOND PAR PY 1994 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BE72D UT WOS:A1994BE72D00033 ER PT B AU MIGDALL, A EPPELDAUER, G CROMER, C AF MIGDALL, A EPPELDAUER, G CROMER, C BE Heaney, JB Burriesci, LG TI IR DETECTOR SPECTRAL RESPONSIVITY CALIBRATION FACILITY AT NIST SO CRYOGENIC OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments VI CY APR 04-05, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1531-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2227 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1117/12.178614 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BA83Y UT WOS:A1994BA83Y00007 ER PT J AU CLARK, A HIRABAYASHI, H KOMAREK, P AF CLARK, A HIRABAYASHI, H KOMAREK, P TI UNTITLED SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. KARLSRUHE NUCL RES CTR,INST TECH PHYS,D-76021 KARLSRUHE,GERMANY. RP CLARK, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,B-256 METROL BLDG,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JAN PY 1994 VL 34 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 DI 10.1016/0011-2275(94)90044-2 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA MN309 UT WOS:A1994MN30900001 ER PT J AU NONACS, P SMITH, PE BOUSKILA, A LUTTBEG, B AF NONACS, P SMITH, PE BOUSKILA, A LUTTBEG, B TI MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE NORTHERN ANCHOVY, ENGRAULIS-MORDAX, AS A SCHOOLING PREDATOR EXPLOITING PATCHY PREY SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; SUNFISH LEPOMIS-MACROCHIRUS; GROWTH; RISK; TEMPERATURE; FISH; SIZE; BIOENERGETICS; ZOOPLANKTON; SELECTION AB Extensive data sets on the bioenergetics of the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, and the patchy food distribution in its natural habitat allow its foraging dynamics to be inferred by modeling using techniques from population biology and behavioral ecology. The behavioral model consistently predicts that E. mordax grows much more slowly than would be expected with a pure, net-energy intake rate maximization strategy. The reduced growth rates could result from the fish avoiding zooplankton patches, where they are under increased predation risk, by swimming slowly in the waters between zooplankton patches. The combinations of growth rates and daily instantaneous mortality rates generated by the behavioral model are internally consistent with a Lefkovitch matrix population model, which includes an early juvenile stage of a stable and stationary population. Several novel and testable predictions are made by the behavioral model, including: (1) anchovies swim very slowly between zooplankton patch encounters; (2) within a patch fish swim very rapidly while searching for prey; and (3) fish often leave zooplankton patches before totally filling their stomachs. Given these encouraging initial results, the behavioral modeling approach appears to be a valuable technique for examining how potential habitat changes due to global warming may affect fish behavior and populations. Several such scenarios are proposed and discussed. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,LA JOLLA LAB,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP NONACS, P (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CTR POPULAT BIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Nonacs, Peter/A-3159-2008; Bouskila, Amos/B-4847-2010 OI Bouskila, Amos/0000-0002-6995-5070 NR 65 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1994 VL 41 IS 1 BP 147 EP 169 DI 10.1016/0967-0645(94)90065-5 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA NK104 UT WOS:A1994NK10400006 ER PT J AU KEMP, PF FALKOWSKI, PG FLAGG, CN PHOEL, WC SMITH, SL WALLACE, DWR WIRICK, CD AF KEMP, PF FALKOWSKI, PG FLAGG, CN PHOEL, WC SMITH, SL WALLACE, DWR WIRICK, CD TI MODELING VERTICAL OXYGEN AND CARBON FLUX DURING STRATIFIED SPRING AND SUMMER CONDITIONS ON THE CONTINENTAL-SHELF, MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT, EASTERN USA SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; EXPORT; MICROZOOPLANKTON; SLOPE; BLOOM; CO2 AB The Shelf Edge Exchange Processes II (SEEP-II) program was designed to examine the potential for export of organic carbon from the continental shelf to the deeper ocean. In the Middle Atlantic Bight of the east coast, U.S.A., a ''cold pool'' of relict winter water is isolated by the development of a strong seasonal thermocline on the shelf. Oxygen concentrations were monitored in and above the cold pool from March 1988 to May 1989, with electrodes moored at 19 and 38 m at a 42-m station off the Delmarva Peninsula, eastern U.S.A. An oxygen-flux simulation model was constructed to describe long-term changes in oxygen concentration and saturation. The model utilized biological rate and biomass measurements obtained at the mooring location during cruises. Vertical eddy diffusion was constrained by comparison with the redistribution of chlorofluorocarbons and heat after stratification, and by sensitivity analyses. Model predictions of the average daily change in oxygen concentration and saturation at 38 m were in good agreement with average changes recorded by moored oxygen sensors, when biological generation of oxygen was approximately equal to the sum of heterotrophic consumption. Strong, but transient, fluctuations in concentration and saturation were clearly associated with specific advective events, and had little lasting impact on the overall long-term trends. Consequently, model parameters derived from intermittent, cruise-based observations yielded satisfactory predictions of long-term trends. A carbon budget was constructed for the stratified summer period from data that largely overlapped with those used for the oxygen model. The continental shelf ecosystem operates in approximate balance during the summer, with a potential export of no more than 4% of primary production. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP KEMP, PF (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV OCEANOG & ATMOSPHER SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Kemp, Paul/G-2291-2011 OI Kemp, Paul/0000-0001-8947-4349 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 629 EP 655 DI 10.1016/0967-0645(94)90038-8 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PP980 UT WOS:A1994PP98000018 ER PT J AU ROWE, GT BOLAND, GS PHOEL, WC ANDERSON, RF BISCAYE, PE AF ROWE, GT BOLAND, GS PHOEL, WC ANDERSON, RF BISCAYE, PE TI DEEP-SEA FLOOR RESPIRATION AS AN INDICATION OF LATERAL INPUT OF BIOGENIC DETRITUS FROM CONTINENTAL MARGINS SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; SEDIMENT TRAPS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; ORGANIC-MATTER; PARTICLES; PACIFIC; SHELF; SLOPE; FLUX; BENTHOS AB Sediment oxygen demand, estimated using in Situ chambers on a benthic lander, incubations of recovered cores and values previously published by others, has been used as a measurement of the flux of organic matter to the sea floor from the continental shelf and slope out to the abyssal plain in the northwest Atlantic. Rates were highest on the continental margin, and declined precipitously offshore. On the middle continental slope, rates were almost as high as those on the continental shelf, supporting the idea that mid-slope depths al ca 1000 m depth are a ''depocenter'' for particulate organic debris. The sediment oxygen demand, in terms of carbon equivalents (mg C m(-2) day(-1)), was generally lower than near-bottom POC fluxes measured in sediment traps. This imbalance is attributed to a combination of burial, anaerobic metabolism not reflected in oxygen demand, and continued lateral export along or offshore near the bottom. The exception to this pattern was the mid-slope depocenter, where the measured POC input was slightly less than the total organic carbon demand estimated with the lander. A comparison with other work suggests that at most depths on the continental margin the sediment oxygen demand is higher off the west coast of the U.S.A. than off the east coast. The upper to middle continental slope (500-1500 m depth) is the only zone over which sediment oxygen demand is higher on the east coast, but this can be attributed to the physiological limitations of low ambient oxygen concentration on heterotrophic metabolism in the pronounced oxygen minimum on the west coast. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964. RP ROWE, GT (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. OI Anderson, Robert/0000-0002-8472-2494 NR 39 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1994 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 657 EP 668 DI 10.1016/0967-0645(94)90039-6 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA PP980 UT WOS:A1994PP98000019 ER PT J AU ISHIKAWA, K TAKAGI, S CHOW, LC ISHIKAWA, Y EANES, ED ASAOKA, K AF ISHIKAWA, K TAKAGI, S CHOW, LC ISHIKAWA, Y EANES, ED ASAOKA, K TI BEHAVIOR OF A CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENT IN SIMULATED BLOOD-PLASMA IN-VITRO SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CANAL SEALER-FILLER; P-RICH LAYER; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; GLASS-CERAMICS; APATITE; BONE; CA AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the integration of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) implants in biological tissue Methods. An in vitro continuous flow system was employed to examine the protracted behavior of disc-shaped specimens of this bioactive material under sustained physiological-like solution conditions. Weight measurement, diametral tensile strength measurement (DTS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the CPC samples as a function of immersion time. Results. When CPC was immersed in simulated blood plasma in which the Ca (2.5 mmol/L) and inorganic phosphate (1.0 mmol/L) levels were kept constant, both the weight and DTS of the specimens steadily increased to about 1.5 times their original values over a period of 20 wk. SEM observations showed new precipitate formations in intimate contact with the original CPC surface. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that the precipitate was a B-type carbonate hydroxyapatite (OHAp), the type of OHAp observed in bone and dentin. On the other hand, the interior of CPC discs did not show an increase in either bulk density or OHAp content. Thus, the increases in weight and DTS are attributal to the OHAp precipitation on the CPC surface. Significance. The results suggest that under in vivo conditions, CPC implants would not dissolve in physiological fluids. OHAp coatings may form on the implants, which may enhance bonding of implants to bone by mechanically strengthening the interface between them. C1 NIST,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,AM DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV TOKUSHIMA,SCH DENT,DEPT DENT ENGN,TOKUSHIMA 770,JAPAN. NIST,NIDR,BONE RES BRANCH,RES ASSOCIATE PROGRAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05030] NR 25 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 11 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(94)90018-3 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA PG946 UT WOS:A1994PG94600005 PM 7995472 ER PT S AU NEWBURY, DE LEAPMAN, RD AF NEWBURY, DE LEAPMAN, RD BE Sarikaya, M Wickramasinghe, HK Isaacson, M TI TRACE ANALYSIS OF NANOSCALE MATERIALS BY ANALYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SO DETERMINING NANOSCALE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS BY MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Determining Nanoscale Physical Properties of Materials by Microscopy and Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 03, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-231-6 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 332 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BC22T UT WOS:A1994BC22T00037 ER PT S AU ALSTRIN, AL KUNZ, AK STRUPP, PG LEONE, SR AF ALSTRIN, AL KUNZ, AK STRUPP, PG LEONE, SR BE Glembocki, OJ Pang, SW Pollak, FH Crean, GM Larrabee, G TI SINGLE-PHOTON LASER IONIZATION AS AN IN-SITU DIAGNOSTIC FOR MBE GROWTH SO DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials Processing, held as part of the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC, ASTEX, APPL SCI & TECHNOL, DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS, INC, MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC, USN, NAVAL RES LAB, USN, OFF NAVAL RES C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-223-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 324 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BB13L UT WOS:A1994BB13L00052 ER PT S AU PAUL, RL LINDSTROM, RM AF PAUL, RL LINDSTROM, RM BE Glembocki, OJ Pang, SW Pollak, FH Crean, GM Larrabee, G TI DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND RELATED MATERIALS BY COLD NEUTRON-CAPTURE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS SO DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diagnostic Techniques for Semiconductor Materials Processing, held as part of the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC, ASTEX, APPL SCI & TECHNOL, DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS, INC, MKS INSTRUMENTS, INC, USN, NAVAL RES LAB, USN, OFF NAVAL RES C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-223-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 324 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BB13L UT WOS:A1994BB13L00059 ER PT S AU KREIDRE, KG BURGESS, DRF TARLOV, MJ GILLEN, G WIGHT, S LAREAU, R CASAS, LM AF KREIDRE, KG BURGESS, DRF TARLOV, MJ GILLEN, G WIGHT, S LAREAU, R CASAS, LM BE Carter, CH Gildenblat, G Nakamura, S Nemanich, RJ TI LASER TRANSFORMED SIC THIN FILMS SO DIAMOND, SIC AND NITRIDE WIDE BANDGAP SEMICONDUCTORS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 MRS Spring Meeting on Diamond, SiC and Nitride Wide Bandgap Semiconductors CY APR 04-08, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-239-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 339 BP 429 EP 434 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC30H UT WOS:A1994BC30H00063 ER PT S AU SHERMAN, K AF SHERMAN, K BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI COASTAL ECOSYSTEM HEALTH - A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC RP SHERMAN, K (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,28 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 24 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19851.x PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00005 PM 7840453 ER PT S AU TESTER, PA AF TESTER, PA BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI HARMFUL MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON AND SHELLFISH TOXICITY - POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE-CHANGE SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA ID DINOFLAGELLATE; TOXIN RP TESTER, PA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19854.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00008 PM 7840480 ER PT S AU SHERMAN, K TESTER, P TODD, E AF SHERMAN, K TESTER, P TODD, E BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI MARINE ECOSYSTEMS .A. SUSTAINABILITY, STRESSES, AND CONTAMINATION - DISCUSSION SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Discussion CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. DEPT HLTH & WELF,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,SIR FREDERICK G BANTING RES CTR,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. RP SHERMAN, K (reprint author), NOAA,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT LAB,28 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 95 EP 98 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00010 ER PT S AU TESTER, PA FINEBERG, H EPSTEIN, P MORSE, S MATA, L COLWELL, R ECKARDT, I LEVINS, R AF TESTER, PA FINEBERG, H EPSTEIN, P MORSE, S MATA, L COLWELL, R ECKARDT, I LEVINS, R BE Wilson, ME Levins, R Spielman, A TI MARINE ECOSYSTEMS .C. CLIMATE SIGNALS, ECOSYSTEMS, AND COMPLEXITY - DISCUSSION SO DISEASE IN EVOLUTION: GLOBAL CHANGES AND EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Discussion CT Emerging Diseases Workshop CY NOV 07-10, 1993 CL WOODS HOLE, MA C1 MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,OFF PRESIDENT,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE HOSP,SCH MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT POPULAT & INT HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV COSTA RICA,INST HLTH RES,GUADALUPE,COSTA RICA. ROCKEFELLER UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP TESTER, PA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES CTR,110 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-877-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1994 VL 740 BP 100 EP 104 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD10S UT WOS:A1994BD10S00012 ER PT S AU Myers, MS Johnson, LL Olson, OP Stehr, CM Lomax, DP Horness, BH Anulacion, B Willis, ML Collier, TK McCain, BB Stein, JE Varanasi, U AF Myers, MS Johnson, LL Olson, OP Stehr, CM Lomax, DP Horness, BH Anulacion, B Willis, ML Collier, TK McCain, BB Stein, JE Varanasi, U BE Bylund, G Lonnstrom, LG TI Toxicopathic hepatic lesions and other biomarkers of exposure to chemical contaminants in marine bottomfish species from the Northeast and Pacific Coasts, USA SO DISEASES AND PARASITES OF FLOUNDER (PLATICHTHYS FLESUS) IN THE BALTIC SEA SE BALTIC MARINE BIOLOGISTS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diseases and Parasites of Flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Baltic Sea CY OCT 27-29, 1994 CL TURKU, FINLAND SP Nordic Council Ministers, Minist Agr & Forestry Finland, Council Abo Akad Fdn, Orion Farmos Pharm Corp C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,ENVIRONM CONSERVAT DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INSTITUTE PARASITOLOGY DEPARTMENT BIOLOGY PI TURKU PA ABO AKADEMI UNIVERSITY BIOCITY, ARTILLERIG 6, 20520 TURKU, FINLAND SN 0282-8839 J9 BALT MAR BIOLOG PUBL PY 1994 IS 15 BP 81 EP 98 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Parasitology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Parasitology GA BE92C UT WOS:A1994BE92C00014 ER PT B AU GARRIS, MD AF GARRIS, MD BE Vincent, LM Pavlidis, T TI UNCONSTRAINED HANDPRINT RECOGNITION USING A LIMITED LEXICON SO DOCUMENT RECOGNITION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Document Recognition CY FEB 09-10, 1994 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SOC IMAGING SCI & TECHNOL, SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1476-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2181 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.171129 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA12U UT WOS:A1994BA12U00005 ER PT B AU MARINENKO, RB AF MARINENKO, RB BE Jouffrey, B Colliex, C TI A comparison of electron microprobe data-reduction procedures for thin film quantitative analysis SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1994, VOL 1: INTERDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENTS AND TOOLS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY JUL 17-22, 1994 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Federat Soc Electron Microscopy, Minist Enseignement Super & Recher, Acad Sci, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, European Union, CNRS, INSERM, CEA C1 NIST,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS PA AVENUE DU HOGGAR, ZONE INDUSTRIELLE COURTABOEUF, BP112 91944 LES ULIS, FRANCE BN 2-86883-225-3 PY 1994 BP 705 EP 706 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy; Optics GA BE09X UT WOS:A1994BE09X00329 ER PT J AU BERGER, JR AF BERGER, JR TI BOUNDARY-ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ANISOTROPIC BIMATERIALS WITH SPECIAL GREEN-FUNCTIONS SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD; ANISOTROPIC SOLIDS; GREEN FUNCTION; KELVIN SOLUTION; COPPER SOLDER SYSTEM ID STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS; INTERFACE AB The boundary integral equations incorporating the Green's function for anisotropic solids containing planar interfaces are presented. The fundamental displacement and traction solutions are determined from the displacement Green's function of Tewary, Wagoner, and Hirth (Journal of Materials Research, 1989, 4, 113-23). The fundamental solutions numerically degenerate to the Kelvin solution in the isotropic limit. The boundary integral equations are formulated with the use of constant boundary elements. The constant boundary elements allow for analytical evaluation of the boundary integrals. The application of the method is demonstrated by analyzing a copper-solder system subjected to mechanical loading. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Berger, John/F-5169-2010 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/0955-7997(94)90088-4 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA QH277 UT WOS:A1994QH27700001 ER PT J AU RUST, BW CROSBY, FJ AF RUST, BW CROSBY, FJ TI FURTHER-STUDIES ON THE MODULATION OF FOSSIL-FUEL PRODUCTION BY GLOBAL TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB This study extends the earlier work of Rust and Kirk (1982) on the inverse modulation of global fossil fuel production by variations in Northern Hemispheric temperatures. Recent revisions and extensions of the fuel production record are incorporated and a much improved temperature record is used. The new data are consistent with the predictions of the original Rust-Kirk model which is extended to allow for time lags between variations in the temperature and the corresponding responses in fuel production. The modulation enters the new model through the convolution of a lagged averaging function with the temperature time-series. Explicit terms account for the perturbations caused by the Great Depression and World War II. The final model accounts for 99.84% of the total variance in the production record. The temperature modulation produces variations of as much as 30% in the total production. This modulation represents a feedback which is consistent with the predictions of the Gaia hypothesis for a planetary greenhouse temperature control. The new model calculates 20-y fuel production predictions for three temperature scenarios which hopefully bracket the possibilities for temperature behavior during that time. RP RUST, BW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1994 VL 20 IS 4 BP 429 EP 456 DI 10.1016/0160-4120(94)90193-7 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NY648 UT WOS:A1994NY64800002 ER PT J AU SEKI, MP SOMERTON, DA AF SEKI, MP SOMERTON, DA TI FEEDING ECOLOGY AND DAILY RATION OF THE PELAGIC ARMORHEAD, PSEUDOPENTACEROS-WHEELERI AT SOUTHEAST HANCOCK SEAMOUNT SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE DIET COMPOSITION; FEEDING PERIODICITY; FIELD DATA; DAILY CONSUMPTION; FISH ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; FISH; PENTACEROTIDAE; DIETS AB The unusual life history of pelagic armorhead, Pseudopentaceros wheeleri, includes occupation of epipelagic subarctic and transitional waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Alaska as subadults and subsequent recruitment to the southern Emperor and northern Hawaiian Ridge (SE-NHR) seamounts in the central North Pacific Ocean where they assume a demersal existence and begin maturation as adults. Feeding ecology and daily ration were examined in pelagic armorhead during field studies conducted at Southeast Hancock Seamont (29 degrees 48' N, 179 degrees 04' E) in the SE-NHR seamounts. A total of 1133 stomachs collected during June-July 1985, January 1988, and July 1988 were examined for contents; only 19.7% contained food items. The diet consisted of pelagic tunicates and other micronektonic animals that are associated with the vertically migrating sonic scattering layer that is advected over the seamount from the adjacent oceanic environment. Peak feeding occurred in the early morning on migrating organisms likely frapped by the expanse of the seamount summit during the morning descent. Newly recruited armorhead had lower feeding rates than older, previously recruited fish. Estimates of daily ration for previously recruited armorhead were 1.17 g (0.26% of body weight) in the summer of 1985 and 12.87 g (2.86% of body weight) in the summer of 1988. Since estimated values for the evacuation coefficient and the duration of the daily feeding period did not differ between sampling periods, the increase in daily ration was due to an increase in feeding rate. The proportion of the diet composed of pelagic tunicates was also higher in 1988. RP SEKI, MP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1007/BF00004758 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV618 UT WOS:A1994MV61800008 ER PT J AU FRAZIER, JG FIERSTINE, HL BEAVERS, SC ACHAVAL, F SUGANUMA, H PITMAN, RL YAMAGUCHI, Y PRIGIONI, CM AF FRAZIER, JG FIERSTINE, HL BEAVERS, SC ACHAVAL, F SUGANUMA, H PITMAN, RL YAMAGUCHI, Y PRIGIONI, CM TI IMPALEMENT OF MARINE TURTLES (REPTILIA, CHELONIA, CHELONIIDAE AND DERMOCHELYIDAE) BY BILLFISHES (OSTEICHTHYES, PERCIFORMES, ISTIOPHORIDAE AND XIPHIIDAE) SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE FISH AGGREGATION DEVICES; FADS; ROSTRUM; SPEARING ID FISH AGGREGATION DEVICES AB Billfishes have long been known to impale a great variety of objects, but there are only two brief, obscure records of marine turtles being speared. Details are presented on these two, as well as on two other confirmed records; data from two additional unconfirmed records are also presented. In total, three species of marine turtles are known to have been impaled by three species of billfishes; a fourth species of fish and a fourth species turtle are listed in an unconfirmed case. Records come from the eastern and western Pacific as well as the eastern Atlantic, Of the four confirmed cases, the turtles survived in two, and apparently died as an effect of the spearing in the other two. In three confirmed cases only the impaled rostrum was encountered, and in one confirmed case the entire fish was found, with its rostrum piercing the turtle. There is no obvious advantage - or clear disadvantage - involved in impaling turtles. It is argued that these attacks are accidental, and the result of attempts made by the billfish to capture prey that are near the turtle. These spearings indicate that the chelonians serve as shelters for prey animals on the high seas, and thus, are further evidence of the pelagic existence of marine turtles. The impalings are evidence of a singular ecological role of the turtles - as live fish aggregation devices. C1 CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO,COLL SCI & MATH,SAN LUIS OBISPO,CA 93407. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. MUSEO NACL HIST NAT,MONTEVIDEO,URUGUAY. UNIV REPUBLICA,FAC CIENCIAS,INST BIOL,MONTEVIDEO 11200,URUGUAY. OGASAWARA MARINE CTR,TOKYO,TOKYO 10021,JAPAN. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,CONSERVAT RES CTR,FRONT ROYAL,VA 22630. RP FRAZIER, JG (reprint author), IPN,CTR INVEST & ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS,UNIDAD MERIDA APARTADO 73 CORDEMEX,MERIDA 97310,YUCATAN,MEXICO. NR 58 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 1994 VL 39 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 DI 10.1007/BF00004759 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA MV618 UT WOS:A1994MV61800009 ER PT J AU HICKS, BB BRYDGES, TG AF HICKS, BB BRYDGES, TG TI A STRATEGY FOR INTEGRATED MONITORING SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE MONITORING; INTEGRATION; MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDIES; ACID DEPOSITION; AQUATIC EFFECTS; FOREST DAMAGE ID PRECIPITATION AB Administrative machinery has been set up to regulate and control most of the emissions that are known to have severe local consequences, such as the discharge of raw sewage into rivers and lakes and the smokestack emission of air pollutants. Now, the nature of environmental degradation is usually different. We are faced with pollutants and effects with more subtle cause-eff ect relationships, often characterized by larger geographic areas of interest and longer term potential damage; the potential risk is now more chronic than acute. Acid rain and climate change are good examples, in that they are associated with a variety of pollutants from a number of sources and damage to ecosystems occurs over many years. It is argued that monitoring programs should evolve to reflect the changing nature of the environmental problems they are addressing. It is now necessary to consider interactions among many pollutants, mixing among the various media, and potentially affecting many components of the ecosystem in both indirect and direct ways. Here, integrated monitoring and analysis is presented as a unifying strategy to bring together different measurement methodologies in different disciplines, addressing environmental questions of complexity beyond the scope of many existing activities that have a classical narrower focus. The underlying concept is of nested networks, each tier being composed of sites selected for specific purposes but arranged to maximize the number of common sites where more multidisciplinary questions can be addressed. C1 ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW M3H 5T4,ON,CANADA. RP HICKS, BB (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1325 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/BF02393745 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA MJ109 UT WOS:A1994MJ10900001 ER PT J AU CALHOUN, D LEWANDOWSKI, A AF CALHOUN, D LEWANDOWSKI, A TI PARDEX - A PROGRAM FOR COMPUTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSOCIATED WITH ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIONS; RISK ESTIMATE; PROBABILITY; PARTICLE TRAJECTORY; FRAGMENT TRAJECTORY AB The environmental risk associated with damage caused by fragments generated by accidental explosions can be defined as the probability that a fragment will hit an object of a given size and a given location. This probability can be calculated under the assumption that the initial velocity and launching angle of a fragment are uniformly distributed random variables. Since air drag cannot be neglected in most practical cases, equations of motion must be solved numerically to compute this probability. This paper presents two implementations of a procedure for calculating this probability: an exact method which requires that the equations of motion be solved whenever information about the range of a fragment must be computed, and an approximate method in which the data for range and velocity is tabulated and interpolated. C1 NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP CALHOUN, D (reprint author), COMP SCI CORP,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0266-9838 J9 ENVIRON SOFTW JI Environ. Softw. PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0266-9838(94)90011-6 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Environmental SC Computer Science; Engineering GA NU283 UT WOS:A1994NU28300002 ER PT B AU OCONNOR, TP AF OCONNOR, TP BE Cothern, CR Ross, NP TI THE NATIONAL-OCEANIC-AND-ATMOSPHERIC-ADMINISTRATION (NOAA) NATIONAL STATUS AND TRENDS MUSSEL WATCH PROGRAM - NATIONAL MONITORING OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN THE COASTAL UNITED-STATES SO ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS, ASSESSMENT, AND FORECASTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Environmental Statistics, Assessment, and Forecasting, at the National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 26, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP AMER CHEM SOC, ENVIRONMENTAL DIV C1 NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-87371-936-0 PY 1994 BP 331 EP 349 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA BA62A UT WOS:A1994BA62A00020 ER PT S AU CLINE, JP AF CLINE, JP BE Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI AN OVERVIEW OF NIST POWDER DIFFRACTION STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS SO EPDIC 3, PTS 1 AND 2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION CONFERENCE SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC 3) CY SEP 25-28, 1993 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP AUSTRIAN ACAD SCI, CREDITANSTALT BANKVEREIN, TECH UNIV VIENNA, FED MINIST SCI & RES, INT CTR DIFFRACT DATA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-682-3 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1994 VL 166 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BC19M UT WOS:A1994BC19M00015 ER PT S AU ROBINS, LH KAISER, DL ROTTER, LD STAUF, GT AF ROBINS, LH KAISER, DL ROTTER, LD STAUF, GT BE Fork, DK Phillips, JM Ramesh, R Wolf, RM TI RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY OF BARIUM-TITANATE THIN-FILMS SO EPITAXIAL OXIDE THIN FILMS AND HETEROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films and Heterostructures, at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-07, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-241-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 341 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BB69Z UT WOS:A1994BB69Z00043 ER PT J AU KLEIN, J COSGROVE, T EDWARDS, D HIGGINS, JS KRAMER, EJ JONES, RAL RUSSELL, TP MCLEISH, T BATES, FS BINDER, K HAMLEY, IW RICHARDS, RW FACTOR, BJ RYAN, AJ JAMES, HE BUCKNALL, D KRAUSCH, G TIRRELL, M BROWN, HR SHULL, KR DONALD, A YARWOOD, J LEGER, I GIBBON, SR AF KLEIN, J COSGROVE, T EDWARDS, D HIGGINS, JS KRAMER, EJ JONES, RAL RUSSELL, TP MCLEISH, T BATES, FS BINDER, K HAMLEY, IW RICHARDS, RW FACTOR, BJ RYAN, AJ JAMES, HE BUCKNALL, D KRAUSCH, G TIRRELL, M BROWN, HR SHULL, KR DONALD, A YARWOOD, J LEGER, I GIBBON, SR TI ENTANGLED DYNAMICS OF HEALING END-GRAFTED CHAINS AT A SOLID/POLYMER INTERFACE - DISCUSSION SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Discussion ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; DISTRIBUTIONS; DEPENDENCE; MORPHOLOGY C1 UNIV BRISTOL, BRISTOL BS8 1TH, AVON, ENGLAND. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED, LONDON, ENGLAND. CORNELL UNIV, NEW YORK, NY USA. IBM CORP, ALMADEN RES CTR, SAN JOSE, CA USA. UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS LS2 9JT, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. UNIV MAINZ, W-6500 MAINZ, GERMANY. UNIV DURHAM, DURHAM, ENGLAND. NIST, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV MANCHESTER, INST SCI & TECHNOL, MANCHESTER M60 1QD, LANCS, ENGLAND. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. UNIV KONSTANZ, CONSTANCE, GERMANY. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIV, SHEFFIELD S1 1WB, S YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. COLL FRANCE, PARIS, FRANCE. ICI MAT, MIDDLESBROUGH, CLEVELAND, ENGLAND. RP KLEIN, J (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. RI Shull, Kenneth/B-7536-2009; Krausch, Georg/B-9022-2009; Hamley, Ian/D-1643-2009; Ryan, Anthony/D-9294-2016; Bucknall, David/F-7568-2016 OI Hamley, Ian/0000-0002-4549-0926; Ryan, Anthony/0000-0001-7737-0526; Bucknall, David/0000-0003-4558-6933 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1994 VL 98 BP 79 EP 96 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RF566 UT WOS:A1994RF56600008 ER PT J AU JONES, RAL BINDER, K KLEIN, R FACTOR, BJ MCLEISH, T FLEER, GF GAST, AP HANLEY, HJM RICHARDS, RW HIGGINS, JS WIJMANS, CM PENFOLD, J LENNOX, RB JOHNER, A TIRRELL, M AF JONES, RAL BINDER, K KLEIN, R FACTOR, BJ MCLEISH, T FLEER, GF GAST, AP HANLEY, HJM RICHARDS, RW HIGGINS, JS WIJMANS, CM PENFOLD, J LENNOX, RB JOHNER, A TIRRELL, M TI POLYMERS AT SURFACE AND INTERFACES - GENERAL DISCUSSION SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Discussion ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; SHEAR; MICELLES; FORCES C1 UNIV MAINZ, W-6500 MAINZ, GERMANY. WEIZMANN INST SCI, REHOVOT, ISRAEL. NIST, BETHESDA, MD USA. UNIV LEEDS, LEEDS LS2 9JT, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN, WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA 94305 USA. NIST, BOULDER, CO USA. UNIV DURHAM, DURHAM, ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED, LONDON, ENGLAND. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. CTR CHEM, LUND, SWEDEN. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. MCGILL UNIV, MONTREAL, PQ, CANADA. CNRS, STRASBOURG, FRANCE. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1994 VL 98 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RF566 UT WOS:A1994RF56600013 ER PT J AU STUART, C KIM, MW OTTEWILL, RH RICHARDS, RW MORANTZ, DJ ADVINCULA, RC JONES, RAL CLARK, DC RICHARDS, RW RUSSELL, TP HANLEY, HJM LENNOX, RB FACTOR, BJ SHULL, KR RYAN, AJ HALPERIN, A BINDER, K DONALD, A ZACHMANN, HG KRAMER, EJ SANO, M LIN, MY AF STUART, C KIM, MW OTTEWILL, RH RICHARDS, RW MORANTZ, DJ ADVINCULA, RC JONES, RAL CLARK, DC RICHARDS, RW RUSSELL, TP HANLEY, HJM LENNOX, RB FACTOR, BJ SHULL, KR RYAN, AJ HALPERIN, A BINDER, K DONALD, A ZACHMANN, HG KRAMER, EJ SANO, M LIN, MY TI POLYMERS AT SURFACES AND INTERFACES - DISCUSSION SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Discussion ID MONOLAYERS; COPOLYMERS; WATER C1 EXXON RES & ENGN CO, ANNANDALE, NJ 08801 USA. UNIV DURHAM, INTERDISCIPLINARY RES CTR POLYMER SCI & TECHNOL, DURHAM DH1 3LE, ENGLAND. MAX PLANCK INST, MAINZ, GERMANY. UNIV CAMBRIDGE, CAVENDISH LAB, POLYMER & COLLOID GRP, CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE, ENGLAND. INST FOOD RES, NORWICH LAB, NORWICH NR4 7UA, NORFOLK, ENGLAND. UNIV BRISTOL, SCH CHEM, BRISTOL BS8 1TS, AVON, ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO USA. MCGILL UNIV, DEPT CHEM, MONTREAL, PQ H3A 2K6, CANADA. INST CURIE, CNRS, URA 1379, PHYSICOCHIM SURFACES & INTERFACES LAB, F-75005 PARIS, FRANCE. UNIV PARIS 06, INST CURIE, PHYSICOCHIM SURFACE & INTERFACES LAB, F-75005 PARIS, FRANCE. MAX PLANCK INST, MAINZ, GERMANY. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. UNIV MANCHESTER, INST SCI & TECHNOL, MANCHESTER M60 1QD, LANCS, ENGLAND. CENS, LAB LEON BRILLOUIN, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. UNIV MAINZ, INST PHYS, D-55099 MAINZ, GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG, HAMBURG, GERMANY. IBM CORP, ALMADEN RES CTR, SAN JOSE, CA 95120 USA. CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. JRDC, ERATO, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI 305, JAPAN. RP STUART, C (reprint author), WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR, DEPT PHYS & COLLOID CHEM, DREIJENPLEIN 6, 6703 HB WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS. RI Shull, Kenneth/B-7536-2009; Meyer, Andreas/C-5980-2009; Halperin, Avraham/F-8975-2011; Ryan, Anthony/D-9294-2016 OI Ryan, Anthony/0000-0001-7737-0526 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1994 VL 98 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1039/fd9949800329 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA RF566 UT WOS:A1994RF56600027 ER PT J AU NESBITT, DJ AF NESBITT, DJ TI PROBING POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES VIA HIGH-RESOLUTION IR LASER SPECTROSCOPY SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; HF DIMER; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION; INTERMOLECULAR FORCES; SPECTRA; (HF)2; STATE; DEPENDENCE AB The use of high-resolution IR lasers for spectroscopic detection and characterization of trace, weakly bound cluster species in low-density, jet-cooled environments has led to enormous progress in the study of collision dynamics, intermolecular forces and intramolecular energy flow. As a particular focus of this talk, direct absorption methods in combination with slit supersonic expansions and crossed molecular beams offer an extremely general tool for probing unimolecular and bimolecular dynamics with full quantum-state resolution. In this lecture, results from our laboratory are presented in four areas. (1) Near-IR spectroscopic studies of multiple rare-gas cluster species such as Ar-n-HF and Ar-n-DF (n = 1, 2, 3 and 4) are discussed which elucidate the role of pairwise and non-pairwise additive (i.e. multibody) effects on minimum-energy structures, 'solvent'-induced vibrational red shifts and Van der Waals intermolecular modes of the clusters. (2) A systematic investigation of vibrational frequencies, tunnelling dynamics and predissociation lifetimes for all four intermolecular modes in HF and DF dimers is described, which provides demanding tests of potential-energy surfaces for this prototypical hydrogen-bonded complex. (3) Results are presented from a high-resolution near-IR technique for state-to-state scattering in molecular beams, which probes the repulsive inner wall anisotropy at energies above the dissociation limit. (4) Finally, a new method is described for UV photochemical reaction dynamics in state-selected clusters, which exploits high-resolution (Delta nu less than or similar to 0.005 cm(-1)) overtone excitation to pre-excite specific quantum states in weakly bound species such as Ar-H2O. C1 UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP NESBITT, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1994 VL 97 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1039/fd9949700001 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA QB093 UT WOS:A1994QB09300001 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Cohen, RE AF Burton, Benjamin P. Cohen, Ronald E. TI THEORETICAL STUDY OF CATION ORDERING IN THE SYSTEM Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O-3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article AB A non-empirical first-principles approach was used to study cation ordering in Pb(Sc-1/2 Ta-1/2)O-3. Structure energies were calculated for various ordered supercells by the potential induced breathing method, and a set of effective cluster interactions were obtained from the results. A cluster variation method approximation was used to calculate the phase diagram, and the predicted critical temperature (1555-1775K) is in excellent agreement with experiment (1753 +/- 80K). C1 [Burton, Benjamin P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cohen, Ronald E.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1994 VL 151 IS 1 BP 331 EP 336 DI 10.1080/00150199408244757 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA V46NA UT WOS:000209889700042 ER PT B AU DAY, GW DEETER, MN ROSE, AH ROCHFORD, KB AF DAY, GW DEETER, MN ROSE, AH ROCHFORD, KB BE DePaula, RP TI FARADAY EFFECT SENSORS FOR MAGNETIC FIELD AND ELECTRIC CURRENT SO FIBER OPTIC AND LASER SENSORS XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic and Laser Sensors XII CY JUL 25-27, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1616-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2292 BP 42 EP 47 DI 10.1117/12.191859 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB88M UT WOS:A1994BB88M00005 ER PT B AU PHAN, LT HENDRIKSON, EM MARSHALL, RD CELEBI, M AF PHAN, LT HENDRIKSON, EM MARSHALL, RD CELEBI, M GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI ANALYTICAL MODELING FOR SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION OF A 6-STORY COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDING SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84D UT WOS:A1994BB84D00020 ER PT B AU TAYLOR, AW STONE, WC AF TAYLOR, AW STONE, WC GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI PERFORMANCE-BASED SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE COLUMNS SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STRUCT,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 459 EP 468 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84D UT WOS:A1994BB84D00045 ER PT B AU SHENTON, HW AF SHENTON, HW GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR TESTING OF SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEMS SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 849 EP 858 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84D UT WOS:A1994BB84D00083 ER PT B AU SCHULTZ, AE MAGANA, RA TADROS, MK HUO, X AF SCHULTZ, AE MAGANA, RA TADROS, MK HUO, X GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF JOINT CONNECTIONS IN PRECAST CONCRETE WALLS SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 579 EP 587 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84E UT WOS:A1994BB84E00058 ER PT B AU SCHULTZ, AE WELTON, SS REY, LE AF SCHULTZ, AE WELTON, SS REY, LE GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI SUSTAINED LOAD EFFECTS ON THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE COLUMNS SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 589 EP 597 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84E UT WOS:A1994BB84E00059 ER PT B AU MARSHALL, RD PHAN, LT CELEBI, M AF MARSHALL, RD PHAN, LT CELEBI, M GP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST TI FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING RESPONSE TO AMBIENT VIBRATION AND THE LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,STRUCT EVALUAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 661 EP 670 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BB84E UT WOS:A1994BB84E00066 ER PT B AU TODD, D MORELLI, U AF TODD, D MORELLI, U GP EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RES INST TI ADOPTION OF SEISMIC STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL BUILDINGS - ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS SO FIFTH U.S. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS AND MITIGATION ACROSS THE NATION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering - Earthquake Awareness and Mitigation Across the Nation CY JUL 10-14, 1994 CL CHICAGO, IL SP EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES INST, GREAT LAKES REG CHAPTER, AMER CONCRETE INST, AMER INST ARCHITECTS, AMER INST STEEL CONSTRUCT, AMER INST TIMBER CONSTRUCT, AMER NUCL SOC, AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS, APPL TECHNOL COUNCIL, ARGONNE NATL LAB, ASSOC ENGN GEOLOGISTS, BLDG SEISM SAFETY COUNCIL, MEMPHIS STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE RES INFORMAT, SE MISSOURI STATE UNIV, CTR EARTHQUAKE STUDIES, CENT UNITED STATES EARTHQUAKE CONSORTIUM, CHICAGO COMM HIGH RISE BLDG, CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INST, COUNCIL TALL BLDG & URBAN HABITAT, UNIV CALIF, EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES CTR, ELECT POWER RES INST, FED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS CAPITAL DEV BOARD, ILLINOIS DEPT INSURANCE, ILLINOIS DEPT TRANSPORTAT, ILLINOIS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, ILLINOIS STATE GEOL SURVEY, INDIANA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, INSURANCE INST PROPERTY LOSS REDUCT, INT ASSOC EARTHQUAKE ENGN, MASONRY SOC, MISSOURI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, SUNY BUFFALO, NATL CTR EARTHQUAKE ENGN RES, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, NATL SCI FDN, NATL SOC PROFESS ENGINEERS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOC, PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INST, SESMOL SOC AMER, STRUCT ENGINEERS ASSOC ILLINOIS, USA CORPS ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES COMM LARG DAMS, US DOE, UNITED STATES DEPT VETERANS AFFAIRS, UNITED STATES GEOL SURVEY C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1902 BN 0-943198-46-1 PY 1994 BP 995 EP 1003 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BB84F UT WOS:A1994BB84F00097 ER PT S AU LADINSKY, MS KREMER, JR FURCINITTI, PS HOWELL, KE MCINTOSH, JR AF LADINSKY, MS KREMER, JR FURCINITTI, PS HOWELL, KE MCINTOSH, JR BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI HVEM TOMOGRAPHY OF THE GOLGI APPARATUS - A STRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE TRANS-CISTERNAE AND TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DEPT MCD BIOL,BOULDER LAB 3-D FINE STRUCT,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00098 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, DE AF NEWBURY, DE BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI ELECTRON PROBE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS WITH ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETRY - THE BASICS OF X-RAY SPECTRUM INTERPRETATION SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 376 EP 377 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00188 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, DE AF NEWBURY, DE BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI BASIC LITERACY IN ELECTRON-PROBE X-RAY MICROANALYSIS WITH ENERGY-DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETRY - QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 384 EP 385 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00192 ER PT S AU VAUDIN, MD CLINE, JP AF VAUDIN, MD CLINE, JP BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI TEXTURE MEASUREMENTS IN AL2O3 USING BEKP SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 608 EP 609 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00304 ER PT S AU ADMON, U COAKLEY, K DARIEL, MP GIUSEPPETTI, AA HAGWOOD, C LASHMORE, DS VANGEL, MG AF ADMON, U COAKLEY, K DARIEL, MP GIUSEPPETTI, AA HAGWOOD, C LASHMORE, DS VANGEL, MG BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE COATING THICKNESS ON SPHERICAL PARTICLES SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 904 EP 905 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00452 ER PT J AU NEWBURY, DE LEAPMAN, RD AF NEWBURY, DE LEAPMAN, RD BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI TRACE NANOANALYSIS SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC RP NEWBURY, DE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 940 EP 940 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00470 ER PT J AU WANG, ZL AF WANG, ZL BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI DIFFRACTION CONTRAST AND HUANG SCATTERING IN DARK-FIELD IMAGING OF DIFFUSELY SCATTERED ELECTRONS SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MED,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 974 EP 975 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00487 ER PT J AU WANG, ZL AF WANG, ZL BE Bailey, GW GarrattReed, AJ TI COUPLED THERMAL DIFFUSE - ATOMIC INNER SHELL SCATTERING IN ELECTRON DIFFRACTION SO FIFTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING - MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA/TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING - MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - ANNUAL MEETING OF THE MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Meeting of the Microscopy-Society-of-America/29th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam-Analysis-Society CY JUL 31-AUG 05, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP MICROSCOPY SOC AMER, MICROBEAM ANAL SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAN FRANCISCO PRESS INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA BOX 426800, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94142-6800 SN 0424-8201 J9 PROC ANN MEET MSA PY 1994 BP 994 EP 995 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BC03U UT WOS:A1994BC03U00497 ER PT J AU CLEARY, TG OHLEMILLER, TJ VILLA, K AF CLEARY, TG OHLEMILLER, TJ VILLA, K TI THE INFLUENCE OF IGNITION SOURCE ON THE FLAMING FIRE HAZARD OF UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A set of upholstered chairs constructed from five different fabric/foam combinations was subjected to a variety of ignition sources suggested by fire statistics. The sources included a cigarette, a small match-like flame, an incandescent lamp, a space heater, and a large flame source (TB 133 ignition source). The tests were performed in a furniture calorimeter where heat release rate and species production rates were obtained. For any chair type, the time to the peak heat release rate depended on the ignition sequence, but the magnitude of the peak did not, within the scatter of the data for any given chair. HAZARD I, the fire hazard assessment method developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), was used to quantify the hazard posed by the different ignition scenarios. Not one of the ignition scenarios examined consistently yielded the greatest potential hazard for all chair types tested when ignition and sustained burning were achieved. No deaths were predicted when a working smoke detector was present. When a detector was not present, the results from the limited number of scenarios considered confirm the importance of a low peak heat release rare and to some extent a slow rate of rise to lessen the hazard of upholstered furniture fires. RP CLEARY, TG (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 79 EP 102 DI 10.1016/0379-7112(94)90063-9 PG 24 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA PM736 UT WOS:A1994PM73600006 ER PT J AU COOPER, LY AF COOPER, LY TI THE GENERATION RATE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION IN 2-LAYER FIRE ENVIRONMENTS - A MODEL AND APPLICATIONS SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A model is developed for predicting the generation rates of oxygen, fuel, and other products of combustion in rooms containing fives and time-dependent fire environments. The model is called the Generalized Global Equivalence Ratio Model (GGERM). It extends the steady state global equivalence ratio model established previously from data of several steady state experimental studies. After describing the GGERM, a concise algorithm is outlined for implementing it in two-layer zone-type compartment fire models. With the algorithm in place, such models could be used to simulate the distribution of combustion products in single or multi-room fire environments under conditions of arbitrary ventilation. In example applications, the GGERM is used to simulate the time-dependent environment, including that of steady state, in some of the above-mentioned experimental studies. For arbitrary experimental conditions and for both complete stoichiometric combustion and 'real' combustion of methane (CH4), solutions for concentrations of products of combustion are obtained and presented. For the case of complete stoichiometric combustion, the solutions are used to predict the time-to-extinguishment of a burning CH4 fuel source embedded in an initially ambient-atmosphere upper layer. In another application, the GGERM is used to simulate the combustion of hexane (C8H14) in an enclosure fire scenario where data has been reported in the literature. Predicted and measured concentrations of fuel and products are found to compare favorably. RP COOPER, LY (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 245 EP 270 DI 10.1016/0379-7112(94)90031-0 PG 26 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA QM743 UT WOS:A1994QM74300002 ER PT J AU PITTS, WM AF PITTS, WM TI APPLICATION OF THERMODYNAMIC AND DETAILED CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELING TO UNDERSTANDING COMBUSTION PRODUCT GENERATION IN ENCLOSURE FIRES SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPECIES PRODUCTION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; OXIDATION; RATES AB Experiments in idealized two-layer fire environments have demonstrated that concentrations of carbon monoxide and other gaseous combustion products can be correlated in terms of the global equivalence ratio. In this paper the results of detailed chemical kinetic modeling and equilibrium calculations are used to gain insight into the chemical stability of the gases observed within the upper layers of such fires. It is demonstrated that the production of upper-layer gases is kinetically controlled and that for rich conditions concentrations of the upper-layer gas components are far from those expected for thermodynamic equilibrium at the layer temperatures. Criteria are provided for determining whether or not the correlations can be employed to predict the generation of combustion products in enclosure fires. RP PITTS, WM (reprint author), NIST,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 271 EP 303 DI 10.1016/0379-7112(94)90032-9 PG 33 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA QM743 UT WOS:A1994QM74300003 ER PT J AU GROSSHANDLER, W JACKSON, M AF GROSSHANDLER, W JACKSON, M TI ACOUSTICAL EMISSION OF STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS EXPOSED TO OPEN FLAMES SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The use of acoustic emission (AE) as an early indicator of structural materials exposed to a flame has been investigated and found to be possible. Piezoelectric transducers have been mounted directly on 0.5 m long, simply supported beams of aluminum, gypsum board, wood and plastic, and have been used to record ultrasonic events resulting from a small flame placed under the beam. The number of AE events in a minute and the cumulative energy released during the heating cycle provide a good measure of the overheated state of some of these materials even before a temperature increase is indicated. The measured signals varied in energy and number with the type of material, the thickness of the specimen and heat flux. Wood was particularly susceptible to acoustic emission, producing more than 1000 events/min in a solid fir board and 30/min in 13 mm thick plywood when the flame exceeded 1 kW. A gypsum board produced 16 events in a minute. All aluminum plate did not respond above the background level (0.3 events/min) even though it reached the highest temperature. The differences in cumulative energy were equally striking, with the plywood being four times more energetic than the gypsum board even though the heating period for the wood was half as long, and 30 times more energetic than the aluminum. Some critical issues which remain to be investigated before this technique can be adapted to practical fire detection are mentioned. RP GROSSHANDLER, W (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 209 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0379-7112(94)90012-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA NC732 UT WOS:A1994NC73200001 ER PT J AU BIGELOW, KA AF BIGELOW, KA TI AGE AND GROWTH OF THE OCEANIC SQUID ONYCHOTEUTHIS-BOREALIJAPONICA IN THE NORTH PACIFIC SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STATOLITHS; INCREMENTS; VALIDATION; MATURATION; LARVAE AB Statolith microstructural analysis was applied to 126 specimens of the oceanic boreal clubhook squid, Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, for estimation of age and growth rates. Specimens were captured from the western, central, and eastern North Pacific between approximately lat. 38-degrees-N and 47-degrees-N by driftnet fishing, trawling, and jigging in the summers of 1990 and 1991. Results suggest that increments were deposited at a rate of one per day. Both sexes live approximately one year; males mature at smaller sizes and younger ages than females. Exponential growth models suggest that growth in length was similar for males and females (0.80% ML/day) in the central North Pacific, while growth in weight was higher for females (1.90% WT/day) than males (1.40% WT/day). Females in the western North Pacific exhibited faster growth rates than individuals from the central North Pacific. O. borealijaponica were estimated to have hatched year round based on back calculation of statolith increments from the time of capture. Post-recruit individuals exploited in the O. borealijaponica jig fishery and Ommastrephes bartramii driftnet fishery typically hatched from late summer to early winter. RP BIGELOW, KA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000002 ER PT J AU JAENICKE, HW CELEWYCZ, AG AF JAENICKE, HW CELEWYCZ, AG TI MARINE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE OF JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA AND NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WASHINGTON; MORTALITY; GROWTH AB Distribution and size during their first summer at sea were determined for juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) caught in oceanic waters off northern British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, and in marine waters within the Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska. More than 10,000 juvenile salmon were caught in 252 purse-seine sets during August 1983, July 1984, and August 1984. Distribution was patchy; juvenile salmon were highly aggregated, rather than dispersed randomly. Distribution and size of pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), and chum salmon (O. keta) were similar but differed from coho salmon (O. kisutch). Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) were excluded from most analyses because few were caught. Sizes were consistent with the concept that juvenile salmon in more northern and seaward locations had been at sea longer than those in more southern and inshore locations. Juvenile salmon migration up the Pacific coast did not peak in abundance off Southeast Alaska until August; movement from inside to outside waters was not complete by the end of August. The migration band of juvenile salmon in outside waters of Southeast Alaska extended beyond the continental shelf to at least 74 km offshore, twice the distance previously reported. RP JAENICKE, HW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000008 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, AG FABLE, WA GRIMES, CB TRENT, L PEREZ, JV AF JOHNSON, AG FABLE, WA GRIMES, CB TRENT, L PEREZ, JV TI EVIDENCE FOR DISTINCT STOCKS OF KING MACKEREL, SCOMBEROMORUS-CAVALLA, IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ELECTROPHORESIS; LOUISIANA; FISH AB Evidence supporting a two stock hypothesis for king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, in the Gulf of Mexico was developed principally from the results of electrophoretic patterns of one polymorphic dipeptidase locus and supporting evidence from mark-recapture, charterboat catch, and spawning studies. There are two identifiable stocks of king mackerel in the Gulf of Mexico: a western stock and an eastern stock. The western stock migrates northward along the Mexico-Texas coast during the spring and early summer from its winter grounds in Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula). This stock has a high frequency of the dipeptidase PEPA-2*a allele. The eastern stock migrates at the same time northward along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Mexico from its winter grounds in south Florida (Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast). This stock has a high frequency of the dipeptidase PEPA-2*b allele. Both stocks migrate simultaneously into the northern Gulf of Mexico and mix at varying degrees in the northern summering grounds (Texas to northwest Florida). C1 INST NACL PESCA,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. RP JOHNSON, AG (reprint author), NOAA,NAT MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,3500 DELWOOD BEACH RD,PANAMA CITY,FL 32408, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000009 ER PT J AU PERRYMAN, WL LYNN, MS AF PERRYMAN, WL LYNN, MS TI EXAMINATION OF STOCK AND SCHOOL STRUCTURE OF STRIPED DOLPHIN (STENELLA-COERULEOALBA) IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC AB Determination of stock structure for striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the eastern Pacific has been problematic, because very few specimens have been available for study. We compared length data obtained from vertical aerial photographs of 28 schools of striped dolphins from the northern and southern regions of the eastern tropical Pacific and found no significant differences in average length for adult animals (greater-than-or-equal-to 180cm) or for adult females, defined here as dolphins closely accompanied by a calf. Analyses of back-projected birth dates for dolphins greater-than-or-equal-to 155cm revealed a broad pulse in reproduction extending from the fall through the spring; however, sample size was inadequate to compare timing of reproduction between the two areas. Striped dolphins measured from aerial photographs were longer on average than those killed incidentally in fishing operations. We found a pattern of segregation by size between schools that is analogous to the separate schools of juveniles and adults that are found in the western Pacific. We hypothesized that the specimen data base may be biased because tuna purse-seine fishermen in the eastern tropical Pacific may selectively set on schools composed of younger, smaller dolphins. RP PERRYMAN, WL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000011 ER PT J AU SINCLAIR, E LOUGHLIN, T PEARCY, W AF SINCLAIR, E LOUGHLIN, T PEARCY, W TI PREY SELECTION BY NORTHERN FUR SEALS (CALLORHINUS-URSINUS) IN THE EASTERN BERING SEA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DIET AB Gastrointestinal tract contents were evaluated from 73 female and juvenile male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) for analysis of their diet in the Bering Sea. Fur seals were collected from August to October of 1981, 1982, and 1985. Juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and gonatid squid were the primary prey. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and capelin (Mallotus villosus), considered important fur seal prey in previous reports, were absent from the diet. Prey species and size varied among years and between near-shore and pelagic sample locations. Interannual variation in the importance of pollock in the diet of fur seals was positively related to year-class strength of pollock. Midwater (n=23) and bottom (n=116) trawls were conducted at the location of fur seal collections to determine availability of fish and squid relative to prey species eaten by fur seals. The species and size composition of prey taken by fur seals was similar to midwater trawl collections, but differed from bottom trawl catches. Contrary to earlier conclusions that northern fur seals are opportunistic in their feeding habits, we conclude that fur seals are size-selective midwater feeders during the summer and fall in the eastern Bering Sea. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,COLL OCEANOG,OCEANOG ADM BLDG 104,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP SINCLAIR, E (reprint author), NOAA,NAT MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 53 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 144 EP 156 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000013 ER PT J AU LENARZ, WH AF LENARZ, WH TI ESTIMATION OF WEIGHT-LENGTH RELATIONSHIPS FROM GROUP MEASUREMENTS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; ABUNDANCE; ROCKFISH RP LENARZ, WH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,TIBURON FISHERIES LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 198 EP 202 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000018 ER PT J AU POLOVINA, JJ MITCHUM, GT AF POLOVINA, JJ MITCHUM, GT TI SPINY LOBSTER RECRUITMENT AND SEA-LEVEL - RESULTS OF A 1990 FORECAST SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HAWAIIAN C1 UNIV HAWAII,JOINT INST MARINE & ATMOSPHER RES,KANEOHE,HI 96744. UNIV HAWAII,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,KANEOHE,HI 96744. RP POLOVINA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 92 IS 1 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA MW770 UT WOS:A1994MW77000019 ER PT B AU EVENSON, KM AF EVENSON, KM BE Hansch, TW Inguscio, M TI A HISTORY OF LASER FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS (1967-1983) - THE FINAL MEASUREMENT OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT AND THE REDEFINITION OF THE METER SO FRONTIERS IN LASER SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Physics - Enrico Fermi CY JUN 23-JUL 03, 1992 CL VERENNA, ITALY SP ITALIAN PHYS SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81944-4 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1994 VL 120 BP 89 EP 104 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BC24Y UT WOS:A1994BC24Y00005 ER PT B AU BERGQUIST, JC ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ AF BERGQUIST, JC ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ BE Hansch, TW Inguscio, M TI LASER STABILIZATION TO A SINGLE ION SO FRONTIERS IN LASER SPECTROSCOPY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Physics - Enrico Fermi CY JUN 23-JUL 03, 1992 CL VERENNA, ITALY SP ITALIAN PHYS SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-81944-4 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1994 VL 120 BP 359 EP 376 PG 18 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BC24Y UT WOS:A1994BC24Y00015 ER PT B AU NICHOLSBOHLIN, J DELAPENA, M LINSKY, J KONDO, Y MICHALITSIANOS, A PONZ, D TALAVERA, A GONZALEZRIESTRA, R WAMSTEKER, W AF NICHOLSBOHLIN, J DELAPENA, M LINSKY, J KONDO, Y MICHALITSIANOS, A PONZ, D TALAVERA, A GONZALEZRIESTRA, R WAMSTEKER, W BE Wamsteker, W Longair, MS Kondo, Y TI THE IUE FINAL ARCHIVE - CONCEPTION TO COMPLETION SO FRONTIERS OF SPACE AND GROUND-BASED ASTRONOMY: THE ASTROPHYSICS OF THE 21ST CENTURY SE ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th ESLAB Symposium on Frontiers of Space and Ground-Based Astronomy - the Astrophysics of the 21st Century CY MAY 10-14, 1993 CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SP EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY, NASA, INT ASTRON UNION, COMMISS SPACE RES, SPACE RES ORG NETHERLANDS C1 UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JILA,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-2527-3 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 1994 VL 187 BP 715 EP 716 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BB56F UT WOS:A1994BB56F00121 ER PT S AU ZACHARIAH, MR TSANG, W AF ZACHARIAH, MR TSANG, W BE Mountziaris, TJ PazPujalt, GR Smith, FTJ Westmoreland, PR TI THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF GAS-PHASE NUCLEATION KINETICS OF SIO SO GAS-PHASE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas-Phase and Surface Chemistry in Electronic Materials Processing, at the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-233-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 334 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BA45Y UT WOS:A1994BA45Y00003 ER PT S AU ZACHARIAH, MR CARRIER, MJ AF ZACHARIAH, MR CARRIER, MJ BE Mountziaris, TJ PazPujalt, GR Smith, FTJ Westmoreland, PR TI MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF LARGE CLUSTER GROWTH SO GAS-PHASE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas-Phase and Surface Chemistry in Electronic Materials Processing, at the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-233-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 334 BP 75 EP 80 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BA45Y UT WOS:A1994BA45Y00012 ER PT S AU HASTIE, JW BONNELL, DW PAUL, AJ SCHENCK, PK AF HASTIE, JW BONNELL, DW PAUL, AJ SCHENCK, PK BE Mountziaris, TJ PazPujalt, GR Smith, FTJ Westmoreland, PR TI GASDYNAMICS AND CHEMISTRY IN THE PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION OF OXIDE DIELECTRIC THIN-FILMS SO GAS-PHASE AND SURFACE CHEMISTRY IN ELECTRONIC MATERIALS PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gas-Phase and Surface Chemistry in Electronic Materials Processing, at the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-233-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 334 BP 305 EP 316 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BA45Y UT WOS:A1994BA45Y00046 ER PT B AU STRICKLETT, KL KASSOFF, JM OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ AF STRICKLETT, KL KASSOFF, JM OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ BE Christophorou, LG James, DR TI APPEARANCE POTENTIALS OF IONS PRODUCED BY ELECTRON-IMPACT INDUCED DISSOCIATIVE IONIZATION OF SF6, SF4, SF5CL, S2F10, SO2, SOF2, SOF2, AND SOF4 SO GASEOUS DIELECTRICS VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics CY APR 24-28, 1994 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP US DOE, UTK ORNL SCI ALLIANCE, WRIGHT RES & DEV CTR, AERO PROPULS POWER LABS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, IEEE INC, POWER ENGN SOC, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44984-6 PY 1994 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BC58E UT WOS:A1994BC58E00030 ER PT B AU OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ AF OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ BE Christophorou, LG James, DR TI DECOMPOSITION OF SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE BY X-RAYS SO GASEOUS DIELECTRICS VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics CY APR 24-28, 1994 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP US DOE, UTK ORNL SCI ALLIANCE, WRIGHT RES & DEV CTR, AERO PROPULS POWER LABS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, IEEE INC, POWER ENGN SOC, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44984-6 PY 1994 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BC58E UT WOS:A1994BC58E00047 ER PT B AU VANBRUNT, RJ OLTHOFF, JK STRICKLETT, KL WHEELER, DJ AF VANBRUNT, RJ OLTHOFF, JK STRICKLETT, KL WHEELER, DJ BE Christophorou, LG James, DR TI PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING TRACE QUANTITIES OF S2F10 S2OF10, AND S2O2F10 IN SF6 USING A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MASS SPECTROMETER SO GASEOUS DIELECTRICS VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics CY APR 24-28, 1994 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP US DOE, UTK ORNL SCI ALLIANCE, WRIGHT RES & DEV CTR, AERO PROPULS POWER LABS, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, IEEE INC, POWER ENGN SOC, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 BN 0-306-44984-6 PY 1994 BP 441 EP 448 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BC58E UT WOS:A1994BC58E00050 ER PT J AU ENEVA, M HABERMANN, RE HAMBURGER, MW AF ENEVA, M HABERMANN, RE HAMBURGER, MW TI ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL CHANGES IN THE RATES OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY - A CASE-STUDY OF THE GARM REGION, TAJIKISTAN (CIS) SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE CATALOGS; EARTHQUAKES; GARM; RATES; SEISMICITY; TAJIKISTAN ID SOVIET CENTRAL-ASIA; EARTHQUAKES; CALIFORNIA; MAGNITUDES AB Seismicity rate variations observed in earthquake catalogues can be natural, i.e. associated with temporal variations in the seismic process, or they can be artificial, i.e. related to changes in the networks of seismic stations used to create these catalogues. Such artificial changes must be identified and corrected before real variations can be reliably examined. This paper demonstrates techniques for modelling of the observed changes in seismicity rates in order to determine their origin. The main technique used here has been previously applied to a number of catalogues to identify times of rate changes. It can be used to demonstrate the magnitude dependence of these changes and the existence of two major types of possible artificial rate variations, detection changes and magnitude shifts. In addition, two new techniques are applied. One of them, the variable window technique, makes use of windows of different sizes to sample the data, thus addressing some of the shortcomings of the original approach. The other new technique, catalogue randomization, helps analyse the cause of some of the rate changes; it is most helpful in the cases of pure magnitude shifts. The use of these techniques is demonstrated examining data from the Garm region, Tadjikistan (former Soviet Union). The Garm earthquake catalogue includes more than 85 000 events for the period 1955 January-1989 April and covers an 80 km x 100 km area in the collisional zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Known changes in the Garm network, recently documented in detail, were compared with the rate changes identified with the above techniques. Of the 18 main rate variations identified, at least two-thirds were found to be artificial. Most of them were readily associated with reported changes in the network, such as closure and opening of stations, and/or changes in instrumentation. Of the rate changes determined to be natural, most prominent were the ones associated with a possible quiescence preceding a M6.3 event and its aftershock sequence. Finally, other authors' reports of linear trends and annual periodicity in the seismic activity at Garm are critically examined. C1 NOAA,NGDC,BOULDER,CO 80303. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RP ENEVA, M (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,DEPT PHYS GEOPHYS,60 ST GEORGE ST,TORONTO M5S 1A7,ON,CANADA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 1994 VL 116 IS 1 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1994.tb02134.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA MQ194 UT WOS:A1994MQ19400014 ER PT J AU DLUGOKENCKY, EJ MASAIRE, KA LANG, PM TANS, PP STEELE, LP NISBET, EG AF DLUGOKENCKY, EJ MASAIRE, KA LANG, PM TANS, PP STEELE, LP NISBET, EG TI A DRAMATIC DECREASE IN THE GROWTH-RATE OF ATMOSPHERIC METHANE IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE DURING 1992 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACCUMULATION; SINKS AB Global measurements of atmospheric methane have revealed a sharp decrease in the growth rate in the Northern Hemisphere during 1992. The average trend for the Northern Hemisphere during 1983-1991 was (11.6 +/- 0.2) ppbv yr-1, but the increase in 1992 was only (1.8 +/- 1.6) ppbv. In the Southern Hemisphere, the average increase (1983-1991) was (11.1 +/- 0.2) ppbv yr-1, and the 1992 increase was (7.7 +/- 1.0) ppbv. Various possibilities for a change in methane sources or sinks are discussed, but the most likely explanation is a change in an anthropogenic source such as fossil fuel exploitation, which can be rapidly and easily affected by man's activities. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIV LONDON,DEPT GEOL,LONDON TW20 0EX,ENGLAND. RP DLUGOKENCKY, EJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 NR 18 TC 172 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1029/93GL03070 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ169 UT WOS:A1994MQ16900012 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, DJ OLTMANS, SJ KOMHYR, WD HARRIS, JM LATHROP, JA LANGFORD, AO DESHLER, T JOHNSON, BJ TORRES, A MATTHEWS, WA AF HOFMANN, DJ OLTMANS, SJ KOMHYR, WD HARRIS, JM LATHROP, JA LANGFORD, AO DESHLER, T JOHNSON, BJ TORRES, A MATTHEWS, WA TI OZONE LOSS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE OVER THE UNITED-STATES IN 1992-1993 - EVIDENCE FOR HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY ON THE PINATUBO AEROSOL SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPLETION; ERUPTION AB Ozone profiles obtained at Boulder, Colorado and Wallops Island, Virginia indicate that ozone was about 25% below normal during the winter and spring of 1992-93 in the 12-22 km region. This large ozone reduction in the lower stratosphere, though sometimes partially compensated by higher than normal ozone above 24 km, was responsible for the low total column ozone values observed across the United States during this period. Normal temperatures throughout the low ozone region suggest that transport-related effects are probably not the most important cause of the ozone deficits. The region of low ozone at Boulder corresponds closely with the location of the enhanced H2SO4/H2O aerosol from the Pinatubo eruption of 1991 as measured near Boulder and at Laramie, Wyoming. Trajectory analyses suggest that except at low altitudes in spring, air parcels on the days of the ozone measurements generally arrived at Boulder from higher latitude, although seldom higher than 60-degrees-N, and hence may have been subjected to heterogeneous chemical processing on the surface of Pinatubo aerosol droplets resulting in chlorine-catalyzed ozone destruction, a process which is believed to be more effective under the lower winter temperatures and sunlight levels of higher latitudes. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LARAMIE,WY 82071. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,WALLOPS FLIGHT FACIL,WALLOPS ISL NAS,VA 23337. NIWA,DIV ATMOSPHER,CENT OTAGO,NEW ZEALAND. RP HOFMANN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009 OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061 NR 21 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1994 VL 21 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 DI 10.1029/93GL02526 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA MQ169 UT WOS:A1994MQ16900017 ER PT B AU STRANGE, WE AF STRANGE, WE GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI A National Spatial Data System Framework - Continuously operating GPS reference stations SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,NATL GEODET SURVEY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00007 ER PT B AU SCHENEWERK, M AF SCHENEWERK, M GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI High-precision positioning using double-differenced GPA phase observations SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00021 ER PT B AU YEAGER, JA LAPINE, LA SPENCER, JF AF YEAGER, JA LAPINE, LA SPENCER, JF GP GIS WORLD EDUC & TRAINING INST TI The contribution of geodetic data to the national spatial data infrastructure SO GIS IN GOVERNMENT: THE FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE, 1994 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Federal Geographic Technology Conference on GIS in Government - The Federal Perspective, 1994 CY SEP 26-28, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP GIS World Educ & Training Inst, Fed Comp Week C1 NOAA,NATL GEODET INFORMAT BRANCH,COAST & GEODET SURVEY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU G I S WORLD INC PI FT COLLINS PA 155 E BOARDWALK DR, SUITE 250, FT COLLINS, CO 80525 BN 1-882610-07-5 PY 1994 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Geography SC Geography GA BD46X UT WOS:A1994BD46X00046 ER PT J AU RADACK, SM AF RADACK, SM TI THE FEDERAL-GOVERNMENT AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS - BUILDING THE NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB For many years, standards have been important considerations in the Federal government's policies for the use of information technology. The Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology develops and issues technical standards that are used by the Federal government in its information technology systems. The new Federal initiative for the National Information Infrastructure (NII) and the National Performance Review (NPR) make information technology an agent for change and emphasize standards as a means for achieving connectivity of computer and telecommunications technologies and for easy access to information. The Federal government will be challenged to address the technical, organizational, and policy issues that affect the development of the standards needed for future information systems. RP RADACK, SM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 1994 VL 11 IS 4 BP 373 EP 385 DI 10.1016/0740-624X(94)90016-7 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA PT913 UT WOS:A1994PT91300003 ER PT S AU CHANDLERHOROWITZ, D PELLEGRINO, JG NGUYEN, NV AMIRTHARAJ, PM AF CHANDLERHOROWITZ, D PELLEGRINO, JG NGUYEN, NV AMIRTHARAJ, PM BE Gumbs, G Luryi, S Weiss, B Wicks, GW TI INTERFACE ROUGHNESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE NEAR-E(0) SPECTROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF SHORT-PERIOD ALAS/GAAS SUPERLATTICES SO GROWTH, PROCESSING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Growth, Processing, and Characterization of Semiconductor Heterostructures, at the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC, FISONS VG, N E ANAL, SUMITOMO ELECT, EPI COMPONENTS, INSTRUMENTS SA, INTEVAC, ARO C1 NIST,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-225-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 326 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BA13B UT WOS:A1994BA13B00024 ER PT S AU SCHAAFSMA, DT CHRISTENSEN, DH HICKERNELL, RK PELLEGRINO, JG AF SCHAAFSMA, DT CHRISTENSEN, DH HICKERNELL, RK PELLEGRINO, JG BE Gumbs, G Luryi, S Weiss, B Wicks, GW TI COMPARATIVE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF VERTICAL-CAVITY SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER STRUCTURES SO GROWTH, PROCESSING, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Growth, Processing, and Characterization of Semiconductor Heterostructures, at the 1993 Fall Meeting of the Materials-Research-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC, FISONS VG, N E ANAL, SUMITOMO ELECT, EPI COMPONENTS, INSTRUMENTS SA, INTEVAC, ARO C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-225-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 326 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BA13B UT WOS:A1994BA13B00078 ER PT S AU CARINO, NJ GUTHRIE, WF LAGERGREN, ES MULLINGS, GM AF CARINO, NJ GUTHRIE, WF LAGERGREN, ES MULLINGS, GM BE Malhotra, VM TI Effects of testing variables on the strength of high-strength (90 MPa) concrete cylinders SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE - PROCEEDINGS, ACI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE SE AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ACI International Conference on High-Performance Concrete CY 1994 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP Amer Concrete Inst DE CAPPING (OF CONCRETE TEST SPECIMENS); COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CYLINDERS; HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETES; STANDARDS; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STRESSES; TEST EQUIPMENT C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI DETROIT PA PO BOX 19150 REDFORD STATION 22400 W SEVEN MILE RD, DETROIT, MI 48219 SN 0065-7891 J9 AMER CONC I PY 1994 VL 149 BP 589 EP 632 PG 44 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BE08T UT WOS:A1994BE08T00034 ER PT B AU LETTIERI, T KELLEY, J EHRLICH, C AF LETTIERI, T KELLEY, J EHRLICH, C BE Schmidt, SC Shaner, JW Samara, GA Ross, M TI INVESTIGATION OF ANNULAR FORCES USING AN OSCILLATING, GAS-OPERATED PISTON GAUGE SO HIGH-PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - 1993, PTS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the International-Association-for-Research-and-Advancement-of-High-Pressure- Science-and-Technology/American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group-on-Shock- Compression-of-Condensed-Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 1993 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, CO SP INT ASSOC RES & ADV HIGH PRESSURE SCI & TECHNOL, AMER PHYS SOC, TOPICAL GRP SHOCK COMPRESS CONDENSED MATTER C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 BN 1-56396-219-5 PY 1994 BP 1605 EP 1608 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BB25V UT WOS:A1994BB25V00387 ER PT S AU FRENCH, JD WIEDERHORN, SM PETROVIC, JJ AF FRENCH, JD WIEDERHORN, SM PETROVIC, JJ BE Briant, CL Petrovic, JJ Bewlay, BP Vasudevan, AK Lipsitt, HA TI CREEP-RUPTURE OF MOSI2/SICP COMPOSITES SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SILICIDES AND REFRACTORY ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Silicides and Refractory Alloys CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-221-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 322 BP 203 EP 208 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BA28G UT WOS:A1994BA28G00024 ER PT S AU KREIDER, KG AF KREIDER, KG BE Briant, CL Petrovic, JJ Bewlay, BP Vasudevan, AK Lipsitt, HA TI HIGH-TEMPERATURE SILICIDE THIN-FILM THERMOCOUPLES SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SILICIDES AND REFRACTORY ALLOYS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Silicides and Refractory Alloys CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1993 CL BOSTON, MA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MCKNIGHT RD, SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-221-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1994 VL 322 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BA28G UT WOS:A1994BA28G00036 ER PT B AU RICE, JP GROSSMAN, EN BORCHERDT, LJ RUDMAN, DA AF RICE, JP GROSSMAN, EN BORCHERDT, LJ RUDMAN, DA BE Nahum, M Villegier, JC TI HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTING ANTENNA-COUPLED MICROBOLOMETER ON SILICON SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTORS: BOLOMETRIC AND NONBOLOMETRIC SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric CY JAN 25-26, 1994 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CRYOELECTR METROL GRP,DIV 81403,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1454-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2159 BP 98 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.176135 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BA61H UT WOS:A1994BA61H00013 ER PT B AU FRENKEL, A AF FRENKEL, A BE Nahum, M Villegier, JC TI NOVEL HIGH-TC NONBOLOMETRIC SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTORS SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING DETECTORS: BOLOMETRIC AND NONBOLOMETRIC SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric CY JAN 25-26, 1994 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP SOC PHOTO OPT INSTRUMENTAT ENGINEERS C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-1454-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1994 VL 2159 BP 150 EP 155 DI 10.1117/12.176145 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BA61H UT WOS:A1994BA61H00018 ER PT J AU BROADWATER, JD AF BROADWATER, JD TI PANDORA - AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE - GESNER,P SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP BROADWATER, JD (reprint author), NOAA,FT EUSTIS,VA 23604, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI TUCSON PA PO BOX 30446, TUCSON, AZ 85751-0446 SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 130 EP 131 PG 2 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA PU110 UT WOS:A1994PU11000016 ER PT S AU DANOS, M AF DANOS, M BE Greiner, W Stocker, H Gallmann, A TI ENTROPY AND ANCILLARY CONCEPTS IN QUANTUM PHYSICS SO HOT AND DENSE NUCLEAR MATTER SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter CY SEP 26-OCT 09, 1993 CL BODRUM, TURKEY SP NATO C1 US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RI Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-44885-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI INST SE PY 1994 VL 335 BP 867 EP 874 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BC68W UT WOS:A1994BC68W00078 ER PT B AU TOMAZIC, BB AF TOMAZIC, BB BE Brown, PW Constantz, B TI CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERAL PHASES IN CARDIOVASCULAR CALCIFICATION SO HYDROXYAPATITE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydroxyapatite and Related Compounds, at the Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY APR 13-15, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NIST,ADAHF,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4750-5 PY 1994 BP 93 EP 113 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BA62B UT WOS:A1994BA62B00006 ER PT B AU CHOW, LC TAKAGI, S ISHIKAWA, K AF CHOW, LC TAKAGI, S ISHIKAWA, K BE Brown, PW Constantz, B TI FORMATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE IN CEMENT SYSTEMS SO HYDROXYAPATITE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydroxyapatite and Related Compounds, at the Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY APR 13-15, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4750-5 PY 1994 BP 127 EP 137 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BA62B UT WOS:A1994BA62B00008 ER PT B AU MARKOVIC, M FOWLER, BO BROWN, WE AF MARKOVIC, M FOWLER, BO BROWN, WE BE Brown, PW Constantz, B TI OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE CARBOXYLATES .5. INCORPORATION OF EXCESS SUCCINATE AND AMMONIUM-IONS IN THE OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE SUCCINATE STRUCTURE SO HYDROXYAPATITE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydroxyapatite and Related Compounds, at the Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY APR 13-15, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4750-5 PY 1994 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BA62B UT WOS:A1994BA62B00009 ER PT B AU TUNG, MS LIN, CJ CHOW, TH PEI, S AF TUNG, MS LIN, CJ CHOW, TH PEI, S BE Brown, PW Constantz, B TI THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE SOLUBILITY OF HYDROXYAPATITE IN THE SYSTEM CA(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O AT 25-DEGREES-C AND 33-DEGREES-C SO HYDROXYAPATITE AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydroxyapatite and Related Compounds, at the Materials-Research-Society Meeting CY APR 13-15, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP MAT RES SOC C1 NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 BN 0-8493-4750-5 PY 1994 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BA62B UT WOS:A1994BA62B00010 ER PT J AU GYGAX, FN AMATO, A SCHENCK, A ANDERSON, IS RUSH, JJ SOLT, G AF GYGAX, FN AMATO, A SCHENCK, A ANDERSON, IS RUSH, JJ SOLT, G TI MU+ LOCALIZATION AND TUNNELING IN SC SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation/Relaxation/Resonance CY MAY 31-JUN 11, 1993 CL MAUI, HI AB The angular and magnetic field dependence of the transverse muSR relaxation rate in single crystal Sc shows unambiguously that, at low temperatures, the muon is localized along the c-axis joining interstitial tetrahedral sites. The best agreement with the measured results, covering a complete range of high and low field data, is obtained on assuming a muon state with fast tunnelling between two adjacent sites at positions z/c = +/-0.09 above and below the a - b plane. Both contributions from the muon-induced electric field gradient and that inherent to the crystal were considered. C1 INST LAUE LANGEVIN,F-38042 GRENOBLE 9,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN PSI,SWITZERLAND. RP GYGAX, FN (reprint author), ETH ZURICH,INST MITTELENERGIEPHYS,CH-5232 VILLIGEN PSI,SWITZERLAND. RI Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1994 VL 85 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF02069404 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA PA116 UT WOS:A1994PA11600008 ER PT B AU GAROFOLO, JS ROBINSON, T FISCUS, JG AF GAROFOLO, JS ROBINSON, T FISCUS, JG GP IEEE TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF FILE FORMATS FOR VERY LARGE SPEECH CORPORA - SPHERE AND SHORTEN SO ICASSP-94 - PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: S1 - SPEECH PROCESSING 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY APR 19-22, 1994 CL ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, SIGNAL PROC SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1775-0 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 1994 BP 113 EP 116 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Acoustics; Computer Science GA BC20G UT WOS:A1994BC20G00029 ER PT B AU ZINCKE, C GAITAN, M ZAGHLOUL, ME LINHOLM, LW AF ZINCKE, C GAITAN, M ZAGHLOUL, ME LINHOLM, LW GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC TI TEST STRUCTURES FOR DETERMINING DESIGN RULES FOR MICROELECTROMECHANICAL-BASED SENSORS AND ACTUATORS SO ICMTS 94 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 22-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1757-2 PY 1994 BP 44 EP 50 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BA74F UT WOS:A1994BA74F00009 ER PT B AU ALLEN, RA CRESSWELL, MW LINHOLM, LW OWEN, JC ELLENWOOD, CH HILL, TA BENECKE, JD VOLK, SR STEWART, HD AF ALLEN, RA CRESSWELL, MW LINHOLM, LW OWEN, JC ELLENWOOD, CH HILL, TA BENECKE, JD VOLK, SR STEWART, HD GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC TI APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED VOLTAGE-DIVIDING POTENTIOMETER TO OVERLAY METROLOGY IN A CMOS-BULK PROCESS SO ICMTS 94 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1994 International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures CY MAR 22-25, 1994 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1757-2 PY 1994 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BA74F UT WOS:A1994BA74F00010 ER PT B AU VANBRUNT, RJ AF VANBRUNT, RJ GP IEEE TI PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE AND CORONA - RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SO IEEE 1994 ANNUAL REPORT - CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 23-26, 1994 CL ARLINGTON, TX SP IEEE, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1950-8 PY 1994 BP 29 EP 70 PG 42 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC49B UT WOS:A1994BC49B00001 ER PT B AU DEREGGI, AS GIACOMETTI, JA AF DEREGGI, AS GIACOMETTI, JA GP IEEE TI POLING KINETICS IN POLAR AMORPHOUS POLYMERS CONTAINING SPACE CHARGE SO IEEE 1994 ANNUAL REPORT - CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) CY OCT 23-26, 1994 CL ARLINGTON, TX SP IEEE, DIELECT & ELECT INSULAT SOC C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Giacometti, Jose Alberto/C-4634-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-1950-8 PY 1994 BP 286 EP 291 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC49B UT WOS:A1994BC49B00036 ER PT B AU MARX, E AF MARX, E GP IEEE TI RADIATION SCATTERED BY 2 TOUCHING SPHERES SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1994, VOLS I-III SE IEEE AP-S INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium 1994 CY JUN 19-24, 1994 CL UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, ANTENNAS & PROPAGAT SOC HO UNIV WASHINGTON C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-2009-3 J9 IEEE AP-S PY 1994 BP 664 EP 667 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB62W UT WOS:A1994BB62W00162 ER PT J AU MITTER, CS HEFNER, AR CHEN, DY LEE, FC AF MITTER, CS HEFNER, AR CHEN, DY LEE, FC TI INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR-TRANSISTOR (IGBT) MODELING USING IG-SPICE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26TH Annual Meeting of the Industry-Application-Society of the IEEE CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 1991 CL DEARBORN, MI SP IEEE, IND APPL SOC AB A physics-based model for the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is implemented into the widely available circuit simulation package IG-SPICE. Based on analytical equations describing the semiconductor-physics, the model accurately describes the nonlinear junction capacitances, moving boundaries, recombination, and carrier scattering, and effectively predicts the device conductivity modulation. In this paper, the procedure used to incorporate the model into IG-SPICE and various methods necessary to ensure convergence are described. The effectiveness of the SPICE-based IGBT model is demonstrated by investigating the static and dynamic current sharing of paralleled IGBTs with different device model parameters. The simulation results are verified by comparison with experimental results. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BRADLEY DEPT ELECT ENGN,VIRGINIA POWER ELECTR CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NATL INST STAND & TECH,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1994 VL 30 IS 1 BP 24 EP 33 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA MY598 UT WOS:A1994MY59800003 ER PT S AU RYZHKOV, AV ZRNIC, DS AF RYZHKOV, AV ZRNIC, DS BE Stein, TI TI HEAVY PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENTS AT S-BAND WITH A POLARIMETRIC RADAR SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 19 EP 21 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00006 ER PT S AU RYZHKOV, AV ZRNIC, DS AF RYZHKOV, AV ZRNIC, DS BE Stein, TI TI OBSERVATIONS OF A MCS WITH A DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB, NORMAN, OK 73069 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 375 EP 377 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00112 ER PT S AU KROPFLI, RA MATROSOV, SY UTTAL, T FRISCH, AS MARTNER, BE SNIDER, JB AF KROPFLI, RA MATROSOV, SY UTTAL, T FRISCH, AS MARTNER, BE SNIDER, JB BE Stein, TI TI STUDIES OF RADIATIVELY IMPORTANT CLOUDS WITH 8-MILLIMETER-WAVELENGTH DOPPLER RADAR SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 NOAA, ERL, ETL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 657 EP 659 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00194 ER PT S AU TSENG, WY CHIU, LS AF TSENG, WY CHIU, LS BE Stein, TI TI AVHRR OBSERVATIONS OF PERSIAN-GULF OIL-SPILLS SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 NOAA, NESDIS, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00234 ER PT S AU SMIRNOV, AV AF SMIRNOV, AV BE Stein, TI TI POLARIMETRIC RADAR IMAGERY OF THE OCEAN AT LOW GRAZING ANGLES UNDER ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS OF VARIABLE STABILITY SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 805 EP 807 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00242 ER PT S AU POST, MJ AF POST, MJ BE Stein, TI TI DEVELOPMENT OF COHERENT LASER-RADAR SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 923 EP 925 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00276 ER PT S AU EBERHARD, WL AF EBERHARD, WL BE Stein, TI TI CO2 LIDAR - A SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT VIEW OF CLOUDS SO IGARSS '94 - 1994 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM VOLUMES 1-4: SURFACE AND ATMOSPHERIC REMOTE SENSING: TECHNOLOGIES, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium on Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing - Technologies, Data Analysis and Interpretation (IGARSS 94) CY AUG 08-12, 1992 CL CALIF INST TECH, PASADENA, CA SP IEEE, IEEE, GEOSC & REMOTE SENSING SOC, INT UNION RADIO SCI, OPT SOC AMER, NASA, USN, OFF NAVAL RES HO CALIF INST TECH C1 NOAA, ENVIRONM TECHNOL LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-1497-2 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1994 BP 929 EP 931 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BC46W UT WOS:A1994BC46W00278 ER EF