FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU DESROSIERS, MF
   LE, FG
   HAREWOOD, PM
   JOSEPHSON, ES
   MONTESALVO, M
AF DESROSIERS, MF
   LE, FG
   HAREWOOD, PM
   JOSEPHSON, ES
   MONTESALVO, M
TI ESTIMATION OF THE ABSORBED DOSE IN RADIATION-PROCESSED FOOD .4. EPR
   MEASUREMENTS ON EGGSHELL
SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; IRRADIATED FRUITS; RESPONSE FUNCTION;
   IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPICES
AB Fresh whole eggs were treated with ionizing radiation for Salmonellae control testing. The eggshell was then removed and examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to determine if EPR could be used to (1) distinguish irradiated from unirradiated eggs and (2) assess the absorbed dose. No EPR signals were detected in unirradiated eggs, while strong signals were measurable for more than 200 days after irradiation. Although a number of EPR signals were measured, the most intense resonance (g = 2.0019) was used for dosimetry throughout the study. This signal was observed to increase linearly with dose (up to approximately 6 kGy), which decayed approximately 20 % within the first 5 days after irradiation and remained relatively constant thereafter. The standard added-dose method was used to assess, retrospectively, the dose to eggs processed at 0.2, 0.7, and 1.4 kGy. Relatively good results were obtained when measurement was made on the day the shell was reirradiated; with this procedure estimates were better for shell processed at the lower doses.
C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,FOOD SCI & NUTR RES CTR,W KINGSTON,RI 02892.
   UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,RADIAT LAB,LOWELL,MA 01854.
RP DESROSIERS, MF (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0021-8561
J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM
JI J. Agric. Food Chem.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 41
IS 9
BP 1471
EP 1475
DI 10.1021/jf00033a600
PG 5
WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science &
   Technology
SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA LY343
UT WOS:A1993LY34300023
PM 23078044
ER

PT J
AU NIEMAN, SJ
   SCHMETZ, J
   MENZEL, WP
AF NIEMAN, SJ
   SCHMETZ, J
   MENZEL, WP
TI A COMPARISON OF SEVERAL TECHNIQUES TO ASSIGN HEIGHTS TO CLOUD TRACERS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VAS
AB Satellite-derived cloud-motion vector (CMV) production has been troubled by inaccurate height assignment of cloud tracers, especially in thin semitransparent clouds. This paper presents the results of an intercomparison of current operational height assignment techniques. Currently, heights are assigned by one of three techniques when the appropriate spectral radiance measurements are available. The infrared window (IRW) technique compares measured brightness temperatures to forecast temperature profiles and thus infers opaque cloud levels. In semitransparent or small subpixel clouds, the carbon dioxide (CO2) technique uses the ratio of radiances from different layers of the atmosphere to infer the correct cloud height. In the water vapor (H2O) technique, radiances influenced by upper-tropospheric moisture and IRW radiances are measured for several pixels viewing different cloud amounts, and their linear relationship is used to extrapolate the correct cloud height. The results presented in this paper suggest that the H2O technique is a viable alternative to the CO2 technique for inferring the heights of semitransparent cloud elements. This is important since future National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) operations will have to rely on H2O-derived cloud-height assignments in the wind field determinations with the next operational geostationary satellite. On a given day, the heights from the two approaches compare to within 60-1 10 hPa rms; drier atmospheric conditions tend to reduce the effectiveness of the H2O technique. By inference one can conclude that the present height algorithms used operationally at NESDIS (with the CO2 technique) and at the European Satellite Operations Center (ESOC) (with their version of the H2O technique) are providing similar results. Sample wind fields produced with the ESOC and NESDIS algorithms using Meteosat-4 data show good agreement.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,NOAA,NESDIS,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706.
   COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,MADISON,WI.
   EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY,EUROPEAN SPACE OPERAT CTR,DARMSTADT,GERMANY.
RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011
OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201
NR 17
TC 76
Z9 78
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 9
BP 1559
EP 1568
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1559:ACOSTT>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LV181
UT WOS:A1993LV18100009
ER

PT J
AU GIACOMETTI, JA
   DEREGGI, AS
AF GIACOMETTI, JA
   DEREGGI, AS
TI THERMAL PULSE STUDY OF THE POLARIZATION DISTRIBUTIONS PRODUCED IN
   POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE BY CORONA POLING AT CONSTANT-CURRENT
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMER-FILMS; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; FERROELECTRIC POLYMERS;
   ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRETS; CHARGE; TRIODE
AB A thermal pulse study of the polarization profiles in samples of 12-mum-thick, biaxially oriented polyvinylidene fluoride after corona poling under approximately constant-current conditions, using a modified corona triode in atmospheric air, is reported. An electrical characterization of the corona triode is also reported to show how it may be operated in the constant-current mode. Samples poled without electrode on the corona-exposed surface show polarization distributions sensitive to the corona polarity, with polarization depletion on the corona side of the samples when the corona is positive. Polarization-reversal experiments show switching inhomogeneities with a pronounced dependence on the initial corona polarity. The above observations are consistent with a simple model in which positive charges from the positive corona partially penetrate the sample during poling and cause an inhomogeneous reduction of the poling field.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP GIACOMETTI, JA (reprint author), UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS & QUIM SAO CARLOS,BR-13560 SAO CARLOS,SP,BRAZIL.
RI Giacometti, Jose Alberto/C-4634-2013
NR 31
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 5
BP 3357
EP 3365
DI 10.1063/1.354561
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LV391
UT WOS:A1993LV39100058
ER

PT J
AU TSUTSUMI, N
   UEDA, Y
   KIYOTSUKURI, T
   DEREGGI, AS
   DAVIS, GT
AF TSUTSUMI, N
   UEDA, Y
   KIYOTSUKURI, T
   DEREGGI, AS
   DAVIS, GT
TI THERMAL-STABILITY OF INTERNAL ELECTRIC-FIELD AND POLARIZATION
   DISTRIBUTION IN BLEND OF POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE AND
   POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); FERROELECTRIC COPOLYMER; VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE;
   TRIFLUOROETHYLENE; CHARGE; DYES
AB It is confirmed that a melt-quenched and annealed blend of 80 wt % polyvinylidene fluoride and 20 wt % polymethylmethacrylate has the beta-crystal form of PVDF with optical clarity and other properties that are desirable for a host material in a guest-host system where the guest is an optically nonlinear dye that is orientationally stabilized by the strong internal electric field of a poled ferroelectric. Combined measurements, in such a blend, of the internal electric field E(i), the pyroelectric coefficient C(pyro), and the polarization distribution after electrically poling and subsequently thermally aging for 2 h intervals at temperatures up to 120-degrees-C are reported. E(i) and C(pyro) increase with increasing poling field E(p). E(i) was found to be as large as three times E(p). An unexpected thermal stability of E(i) was observed at annealing temperatures above the glass transition temperature of 60-degrees-C up to 100-degrees-C when significant loss of C(pyro) was measured. Thermal pulse results yield polarization distributions that may be attributed in part to dipolar polarization and in part to space charge. The prolonged thermal stability of E(i) is ascribed to space charge that does not contribute to C(pyro). The poled blend shows second-harmonic generation with a nonlinear coefficient d33 of around 1 pm/V (9 X 10(-9) esu).
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP TSUTSUMI, N (reprint author), KYOTO INST TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN.
NR 16
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 5
BP 3366
EP 3372
DI 10.1063/1.354562
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LV391
UT WOS:A1993LV39100059
ER

PT J
AU BIRNBAUM, G
   BORYSOW, A
   BUECHELE, A
AF BIRNBAUM, G
   BORYSOW, A
   BUECHELE, A
TI COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION IN MIXTURES OF SYMMETRICAL LINEAR AND
   TETRAHEDRAL MOLECULES - METHANE NITROGEN
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FAR-INFRARED-ABSORPTION; LOW-TEMPERATURES; GASEOUS METHANE; SPECTRA;
   PAIRS; CH4-CH4; TITAN; 300-K; 50-K
AB The far infrared absorption of a CH4-N2 mixture was measured at 297, 195, and 162 K from 30 to 650 cm-1. The spectral invariants gamma1 and alpha1, proportional, respectively, to the zeroth and first spectral moments, due to bimolecular collisions between CH4 and N2 were obtained from these data and compared with theoretical values. The theory for collision-induced dipoles between a tetrahedral and a diatomic or symmetrical linear molecule includes contributions not previously considered. Whereas the theoretical values of gamma1 are only somewhat greater than experiment at all temperatures, including those obtained from the data of Dagg et al, the theoretical values of alpha1 are significantly lower than the experimental values. From the theoretical spectral moments for the various induced dipole components, the parameters of the BC shape were computed and theoretical spectra were constructed. Good agreement was obtained at the lower frequencies, but with increasing frequencies the theoretical spectra were increasingly less intense than the experimental spectra. Although the accuracy of the theoretical results may suffer from the lack of a reliable potential function, it does not appear that this high frequency discrepancy (also reflected in alpha1) can be removed by any conceivable modification in the potential.
C1 MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HOUGHTON,MI 49931.
   CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,VITREOUS STATE LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20064.
RP BIRNBAUM, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 38
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 99
IS 5
BP 3234
EP 3243
DI 10.1063/1.465132
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LU722
UT WOS:A1993LU72200010
ER

PT J
AU BRUNO, TJ
   OUTCALT, SL
AF BRUNO, TJ
   OUTCALT, SL
TI FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS OF HYDROGEN IN (HYDROGEN PLUS BUTANE)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BINARY-MIXTURES; COMPONENT FUGACITIES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE;
   PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; APPARATUS; ETHANE
RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 19
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 9
BP 1061
EP 1070
DI 10.1006/jcht.1993.1103
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA LU981
UT WOS:A1993LU98100004
ER

PT J
AU DESER, C
   BLACKMON, ML
AF DESER, C
   BLACKMON, ML
TI SURFACE CLIMATE VARIATIONS OVER THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN DURING WINTER -
   1900-1989
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SEA; VARIABILITY; SALINITY;
   FLUCTUATIONS; PATTERNS; TRENDS
AB The low-frequency variability of the surface climate over the North Atlantic during winter is described, using 90 years of weather observations from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. Results are based on empirical orthogonal function analysis of four components of the climate system: sea surface temperature (SST), air temperature, wind, and sea level pressure. An important mode of variability of the wintertime surface climate over the North Atlantic during this century is characterized by a dipole pattern in SSTs and surface air temperatures, with anomalies of one sip east of Newfoundland, and anomalies of the opposite polarity off the southeast coast of the United States. Wind fluctuations occur locally over the regions of large surface temperature anomalies, with stronger-than-normal winds overlying cooler-than-normal SSTs. This mode exhibits variability on quasi-decadal and biennial time scales. The decadal fluctuations are irregular in length, averaging approximately 9 years before 1945 and approximately 12 years afterward. There does not appear to be any difference between the wind-SST relationships on the different time scales. The decadal fluctuations in SSTs east of Newfoundland are closely linked to decadal variations in sea ice in the Labrador Sea, with periods of greater than normal sea ice extent preceding by approximately 2 years periods of colder-than-normal SSTs east of Newfoundland.
   Another dominant mode of variability is associated with the global surface warming trend during the 1920s and 1930s. The patterns of SST and air temperature change between 1900-29 and 1939-68 indicate that the warming was concentrated along the Gulf Stream east of Cape Hatteras. Warming also occurred over the Greenland Sea and the eastern subtropical Atlantic. The warming trend was accompanied by a decrease in the strength of the basin-scale atmospheric circulation (negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation). In marked contrast to the dipole pattern, the wind changes occurred downstream of the largest SST anomalies; hence, the gradual surface warming along the Gulf Stream may have been a result of altered ocean currents rather than local wind forcing.
C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,DIV CLIMATE RES,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP DESER, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 43
TC 548
Z9 567
U1 3
U2 33
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 9
BP 1743
EP 1753
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1743:SCVOTN>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LY869
UT WOS:A1993LY86900005
ER

PT J
AU HORN, RG
   WAN, KT
   COURMONT, S
   LAWN, BR
AF HORN, RG
   WAN, KT
   COURMONT, S
   LAWN, BR
TI DIFFUSION OF WATER ALONG CLOSED MICA INTERFACES
SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Note
ID ADHESION; FORCES; CRACKS
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Horn, Roger/L-2782-2013
NR 15
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0021-9797
J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI
JI J. Colloid Interface Sci.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 159
IS 2
BP 509
EP 511
DI 10.1006/jcis.1993.1355
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LT334
UT WOS:A1993LT33400033
ER

PT J
AU CHERNOV, AA
   CORIELL, SR
   MURRAY, BT
AF CHERNOV, AA
   CORIELL, SR
   MURRAY, BT
TI MORPHOLOGICAL STABILITY OF A VICINAL FACE INDUCED BY STEP FLOW
SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
LA English
DT Article
ID KINETICS; GROWTH
AB For growth from a supersaturated solution, the linear stability with respect to step bunching of a step train forming a vicinal face is considered accounting for both capillarity and anistropy of interface kinetics. It is found that the step motion with respect to a stagnant solution provides stabilization at sufficiently large wavelengths for which the typical diffusion rate is comparable to the rate of incorporation of the crystallizing species at the steps, i.e., to the kinetic coefficient. Since capillarity can stabilize the interface against short wavelength perturbations, the combined action of both kinetic anisotropy and capillarity provides complete linear stability at sufficiently high growth rates.
RP CHERNOV, AA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 13
TC 71
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0248
J9 J CRYST GROWTH
JI J. Cryst. Growth
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 132
IS 3-4
BP 405
EP 413
DI 10.1016/0022-0248(93)90065-5
PG 9
WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics
GA MA032
UT WOS:A1993MA03200007
ER

PT J
AU DAVIS, RW
   MOORE, EF
   ZACHARIAH, MR
AF DAVIS, RW
   MOORE, EF
   ZACHARIAH, MR
TI NUMERICAL MODELING OF PARTICLE DYNAMICS IN A ROTATING-DISK
   CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION REACTOR
SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH
LA English
DT Article
ID THERMOPHORESIS
AB Particle contamination is considered to be one of the major problem areas in the processing of semiconductors via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Thus it is very important to acquire an understanding of particle transport processes in CVD reactors. This paper addresses this issue by presenting the results of a numerical simulation of particle dynamics in a rotating disk CVD reactor. The background flowfield calculation employs the full axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations, while individual particle trajectories are computed by accounting for inertial, thermophoretic and gravitational effects. The results of this simulation are analyzed to determine under what conditions particles greater than 1 mum in diameter impact and thus contaminate the deposition substrate. It is shown that particle size and injection location as well as flow direction (with or against gravity) and disk characteristics (temperature and rotation rate) all play important roles here. The results for various parameter combinations are presented and discussed, as is the concept of a global type of particle contamination parameter.
RP DAVIS, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0022-0248
J9 J CRYST GROWTH
JI J. Cryst. Growth
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 132
IS 3-4
BP 513
EP 522
DI 10.1016/0022-0248(93)90079-C
PG 10
WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics
GA MA032
UT WOS:A1993MA03200021
ER

PT J
AU MARTIN, JM
   NADELLA, RK
   RAO, MV
   SIMONS, DS
   CHI, PH
   CANEAU, C
AF MARTIN, JM
   NADELLA, RK
   RAO, MV
   SIMONS, DS
   CHI, PH
   CANEAU, C
TI FE AND TI IMPLANTS IN IN0.52AL0.48AS
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE TRANSITION METALS; IMPLANTATION; COMPENSATION; IN0.52AL0.48AS; DIFFUSION
ID HIGH-RESISTIVITY REGIONS; RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING; ION-IMPLANTATION;
   INP; REDISTRIBUTION; IN0.53GA0.47AS; INGAAS; DAMAGE; GAAS
AB Single (200 keV) and multiple energy Fe implants in n-type and Ti implants in p-type material were performed in In0.52Al0.48As at both room temperature and 200-degrees-C. For the Fe implants, the secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles showed a severe out-diffusion for all rapid thermal annealing schemes used, independent of the implantation temperature. The Fe implant peaks observed after annealing, at 0.8Rp, Rp+DELTARp and 2Rp (where Rp and DELTARp are range and straggle, respectively) depth locations in other In-based compounds like InP and InGaAs were not observed here. On the contrary, Ti implants showed only a slight in- and out-diffusion for both room temperature and 200-degrees-C implants as in the case of InP and InGaAs. The Rutherford backscattering measurements on the annealed samples implanted at 200-degrees-C showed a crystal quality similar to that of the virgin material. The resistivity of all the samples after annealing was higher than 10(6) OMEGA-cm.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
   BELLCORE, RED BANK, NJ 07701 USA.
   UNIV COMPLUTENSE MADRID, FAC FIS, DEPT ELECT & ELECTR, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN.
RP GEORGE MASON UNIV, DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0361-5235
EI 1543-186X
J9 J ELECTRON MATER
JI J. Electron. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 22
IS 9
BP 1153
EP 1157
DI 10.1007/BF02817688
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LW848
UT WOS:A1993LW84800007
ER

PT J
AU JONES, DR
   BRILL, RW
   BUSHNELL, PG
AF JONES, DR
   BRILL, RW
   BUSHNELL, PG
TI VENTRICULAR AND ARTERIAL DYNAMICS OF ANESTHETIZED AND SWIMMING TUNA
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; THUNNUS-ALALUNGA; BLOOD-FLOW; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS;
   OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; ALBACORE TUNA; RESPONSES; ALBACARES; DORSAL
AB Cardiovascular dynamics of tuna have been investigated by recording blood pressures and flows in the central circulation of both anaesthetised and swimming individuals. In anaesthetised fish (N=5), heart rate averaged 112+/-21 beats min-1 (mean+/-S.E.) and stroke volume was 0.67+/-0.24 ml kg-1 when normoxic water flowed over the gills. Ventricular diastolic pressure was zero until atrial contraction filled the ventricle. Ventral aortic pressures were high (mean 12.08+/-1.15 kPa), and blood flow was continuous in the ventral aorta throughout diastole. Dorsal aortic pressure (mean 6.3+/-1.28 kPa; N=4) and flow were both pulsatile. Pressure pulsatility (pulse pressure as a proportion of mean pressure) was about one-quat-ter of flow pulsatility, indicating considerable compliance in the dorsal aortic circulation. Total peripheral resistance averaged 0.17+/-0.4 kPa ml-1 kg-1 min-1 of which gill resistance averaged 48+/-15 % (N=4). For the ventral aorta, impedance modulus fell markedly from the mean value and then declined more gradually towards zero with increasing harmonic frequencies. Impedance phase was negative (-0.8 to -1.1 rad) meaning that flow leads pressure at all harmonics. In swimming yellowfin tuna (N=5), heart rate averaged 108.8+/-12.1 beats min-1 and mean ventral and dorsal aortic pressures were 11.6+/-0.5 and 6.8+/-1.2 kPa, respectively, so gill resistance was 42% of total peripheral resistance. Average stroke volume in three swimming kawakawa was 0.54+/-0.2 ml kg-1 at a mean heart rate of 128+/-48 beats min-1. Data from swimming fish were within the range obtained from anaesthetised tuna. A simple model of the fish circulation consisting of two sets of compliant and resistive elements coupled in series (a second-order RC network) gave reasonable predictions of arterial pressure-flow relationships. Hence, we conclude that a 'Windkessel' dominates central cardiovascular dynamics of tuna despite heart rates and blood pressures that fall in the mammalian range.
C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ZOOL,VANCOUVER V6T 1Z4,BC,CANADA.
RP JONES, DR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA.
NR 34
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 4
PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS,
   ENGLAND CB4 4DL
SN 0022-0949
J9 J EXP BIOL
JI J. Exp. Biol.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 182
BP 97
EP 112
PG 16
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA LZ746
UT WOS:A1993LZ74600007
ER

PT J
AU RICHARDS, CD
   PITTS, WM
AF RICHARDS, CD
   PITTS, WM
TI GLOBAL DENSITY EFFECTS ON THE SELF-PRESERVATION BEHAVIOR OF TURBULENT
   FREE JETS
SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RAYLEIGH LIGHT-SCATTERING; CONCENTRATION FIELD; MIXING BEHAVIOR
AB An experimental investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that all axisymmetric turbulent free jets become asymptotically independent of the source conditions and may be described by classical similarity analysis. Effects of initial conditions were studied by varying jet exit boundary conditions and the global density ratio. The exit velocity profile and turbulence level was changed by using both pipe and nozzle flow hardware. Initial density differences were imposed by using three gases: helium, methane, and propane. The scalar field (concentration) in the momentum-dominated regime of the far field (10 to 60 jet exit diameters downstream) of turbulent free jets was characterized using Rayleigh light scattering as the diagnostic. The results show that regardless of the initial conditions axisymmetric turbulent free jets decay at the same rate, spread at the same angle, and both the mean and r.m.s. values collapse in a form consistent with full self-preservation. The means and fluctuations follow a law of full self-preservation in which two virtual origins must be specified. The two displacements are required to account for the effects of a finite source of momentum and different development of the velocity and mass distributions in the near fields of the jets. The memory of the jet is embodied in these two virtual origins.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 41
TC 98
Z9 98
U1 1
U2 1
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211
SN 0022-1120
J9 J FLUID MECH
JI J. Fluid Mech.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 254
BP 417
EP 435
DI 10.1017/S0022112093002204
PG 19
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA MA311
UT WOS:A1993MA31100021
ER

PT J
AU WIBBELS, T
   BALAZS, GH
   OWENS, DW
   AMOSS, MS
AF WIBBELS, T
   BALAZS, GH
   OWENS, DW
   AMOSS, MS
TI SEX-RATIO OF IMMATURE GREEN TURTLES INHABITING THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO
SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
ID CARETTA-CARETTA; TEMPERATURES; REPTILES; FLORIDA; BEACH
C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT BIOL,COLL STN,TX 77843.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822.
   TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLL STN,TX 77843.
NR 28
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 4
PU SOC STUD AMPHIBIANS REPTILES
PI OXFORD
PA DEPT OF ZOOLOGY MIAMI UNIV, OXFORD, OH 45056
SN 0022-1511
J9 J HERPETOL
JI J. Herpetol.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 3
BP 327
EP 329
DI 10.2307/1565155
PG 3
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA MB997
UT WOS:A1993MB99700014
ER

PT J
AU ROBERTS, PJW
   SNYDER, WH
AF ROBERTS, PJW
   SNYDER, WH
TI HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDY FOR BOSTON OUTFALL .1. RISER CONFIGURATION
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBMERGED WASTEFIELD; OCEAN OUTFALLS; PLUME; JETS
AB The hydraulic model study to determine the diffuser design for the Boston Wastewater Outfall is described in two papers. The outfall is tunneled with a diffuser consisting of multiport risers, and in this paper the tests leading to the final choice of the riser configuration are described. The study was done in a large density-stratified towing tank. It was found that, for zero current speed with a deep thermocline, a thick, laterally homogeneous, submerged waste field was formed. For widely spaced risers, additional mixing in the plumes following collapse caused the minimum dilution to be higher than predicted by simple plume formulae. As the number of risers is decreased below about 50, the dilution decreases fairly rapidly, but increasing the number above about 50 caused the dilution to increase only slowly. The number of risers was chosen to be 55. This resulted in a savings of about $38,000,000 in construction costs compared to the preliminary design.
C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,FLUID MODELING BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP ROBERTS, PJW (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CIVIL ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA.
NR 17
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 3
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 119
IS 9
BP 970
EP 987
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:9(970)
PG 18
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA LU585
UT WOS:A1993LU58500001
ER

PT J
AU ROBERTS, PJW
   SNYDER, WH
AF ROBERTS, PJW
   SNYDER, WH
TI HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDY FOR BOSTON OUTFALL .2. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUBMERGED WASTEFIELD; OCEAN OUTFALLS; PLUME
AB Hydraulic model tests were done on the Boston Harbor out fall diffuser with the number of risers and their spacing maintained constant at their final design values. It was found that eight ports per riser resulted in higher dilutions than 12, because with 12 ports the plumes merged and collapsed to a single rising column. Extended duration tests showed that the waste field was stable, that its thickness increased very slowly with time, and that dilution decreased very slowly with time. The flux-average dilution was estimated from the movement of dye streaks to be only 1.1-1.2 times higher than the minimum dilution, a much smaller ratio than usually assumed. The mathematical model ULINE was found to be generally conservative in predicting dilution. Better predictions were obtained with a new mathematical model RSB, which well simulated the observed waste-field characteristics for the final design. The effect of varying the number of risers was not so well predicted by RSB, however, due to the very large effective port spacing for this diffuser. Thus, hydraulic model tests are still needed for atypical diffuser designs, such as encountered here.
C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,FLUID MODELING BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP ROBERTS, PJW (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CIVIL ENGN,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA.
NR 10
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 2
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9429
J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE
JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 119
IS 9
BP 988
EP 1002
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:9(988)
PG 15
WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Water Resources
GA LU585
UT WOS:A1993LU58500002
ER

PT J
AU ALPER, M
   APLIN, PS
   ATTENBOROUGH, K
   DINGLEY, DJ
   HART, R
   LANE, SJ
   LASHMORE, DS
   SCHWARZACHER, W
AF ALPER, M
   APLIN, PS
   ATTENBOROUGH, K
   DINGLEY, DJ
   HART, R
   LANE, SJ
   LASHMORE, DS
   SCHWARZACHER, W
TI GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRODEPOSITED CU/CU-NI-CO ALLOY
   SUPERLATTICES
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON METALLIC MULTILAYERS ( MML 93 )
CY MAR 01-05, 1993
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP JAPAN INST MET, RES INST PROD DEV
ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCHANGE
AB We have used a recently developed potentiostatic technique to electrodeposit Cu/Cu-Ni-Co alloy superlattices from a single electrolyte. Our films have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction patterns and electron probe microanalysis. Good epitaxy and repeat distances as short as 15 angstrom have been achieved.
C1 UNIV BRISTOL,HH WILLS PHYS LAB,TYNDALL AVE,BRISTOL BS8 1TL,AVON,ENGLAND.
   DEPT GEOL,BRISTOL BS8 1RJ,ENGLAND.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Lane, Stephen/C-6809-2008
OI Lane, Stephen/0000-0001-7330-621X
NR 8
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 126
IS 1-3
BP 8
EP 11
DI 10.1016/0304-8853(93)90530-F
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA MD354
UT WOS:A1993MD35400004
ER

PT J
AU HOMMA, H
   ANKER, JF
   MAJKRZAK, CF
AF HOMMA, H
   ANKER, JF
   MAJKRZAK, CF
TI MAGNETIC DEPTH PROFILES OF MAGNETIC MULTILAYERS FE/SI AND FE/W USING
   POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY
SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON METALLIC MULTILAYERS ( MML 93 )
CY MAR 01-05, 1993
CL KYOTO, JAPAN
SP JAPAN INST MET, RES INST PROD DEV
AB We have studied the magnetic properties and roughness at interfaces of sputtered magnetic multilayers Fe/Si and Fe/W, employing a newly developed magnetic profile refinement program for polarized neutron reflectivity data. This modeling demonstrates the capability to measure magnetic moment depth profiles near interfaces quantitatively.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP HOMMA, H (reprint author), CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,DEPT PHYS,2900 BEDFORD AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11210, USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-8853
J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER
JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 126
IS 1-3
BP 257
EP 260
DI 10.1016/0304-8853(93)90595-S
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA MD354
UT WOS:A1993MD35400069
ER

PT J
AU KARYAKIN, EN
   FRASER, GT
   PATE, BH
   SUENRAM, RD
AF KARYAKIN, EN
   FRASER, GT
   PATE, BH
   SUENRAM, RD
TI ELECTRIC-RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTRUM OF THE KA = 1[-0 BAND OF DHO DOD
   - DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE 1-]4 TUNNELING SPLITTING
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Note
ID MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; WATER DIMER; SPECTROSCOPY; (H2O)2
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP KARYAKIN, EN (reprint author), NIZHNII NOVGOROD APPL PHYS INST,MOLEC SPECT LAB,NIZHNII NOVGOROD,RUSSIA.
NR 10
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 161
IS 1
BP 312
EP 316
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1237
PG 5
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA LT178
UT WOS:A1993LT17800027
ER

PT J
AU MARTIN, WC
   KAUFMAN, V
   MUSGROVE, A
AF MARTIN, WC
   KAUFMAN, V
   MUSGROVE, A
TI A COMPILATION OF ENERGY-LEVELS AND WAVELENGTHS FOR THE SPECTRUM OF
   SINGLY-IONIZED OXYGEN (O-II)
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS; ATOMIC IONS; ATOMIC SPECTRA; ATOMIC WAVELENGTHS;
   ATOMIC WAVE-NUMBERS; ENERGY-LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS; ELECTRON
   CONFIGURATIONS; FORBIDDEN LINES; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; INFRARED
   WAVE-NUMBERS; IONIZATION POTENTIAL; OXYGEN; ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS
AB We have assembled a complete list of the most accurately measured wavelengths for all classified lines of O II. The data are based mainly on recent extensions of the observations and analysis of this spectrum carried out at the University of Lund, Sweden. We derived new optimal values for the energy levels using a computer code and the observed wavelengths for all classified lines. Relevant astrophysical wavelength measurements, appropriately weighted, were included in the level-optimization calculation. The tabulated data include about 1000 observed lines (376-11 663 angstrom) classified as transitions between 125 odd-parity and 133 even-parity levels. In addition to the observed wavelength values, wavelengths calculated from wavenumber differences of the levels are given for all observed lines and for more than 200 predicted lines that have not yet been observed. The calculated wavelengths are generally more accurate than the observed values, the most accurate calculated values (uncertainties 0.0005 to 0.0020 angstrom) being in some cases more accurate than the observed wavelengths by up to an order of magnitude. Vacuum wavelengths are given for all lines, and wavelengths in air are also included for the region above 2000 angstrom.
RP MARTIN, WC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 22
IS 5
BP 1179
EP 1212
PG 34
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA MA533
UT WOS:A1993MA53300001
ER

PT J
AU SUGAR, J
   MUSGROVE, A
AF SUGAR, J
   MUSGROVE, A
TI ENERGY-LEVELS OF GERMANIUM, GE-I THROUGH GE-XXXII
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE ATOMIC; ENERGY LEVELS; GERMANIUM; IONS; SPECTRA
AB Atomic energy levels of germanium have been compiled for all stages of ionization for which experimental data are available. No data have yet been published for Ge VIII through Ge XIII and Ge XXXII. Very accurate calculated values are compiled for Ge XXXI and XXXII. Experimental g-factors and leading percentages from calculated eigenvectors of levels are given. A value for the ionzation energy, either experimental when available or theoretical, is included for the neutral atom and each ion.
RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 43
Z9 47
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 22
IS 5
BP 1213
EP 1278
PG 66
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA MA533
UT WOS:A1993MA53300002
ER

PT J
AU BRIBER, RM
   KHOURY, F
AF BRIBER, RM
   KHOURY, F
TI THE MORPHOLOGY OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) CRYSTALLIZED FROM BLENDS OF
   POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE) AND POLY(ETHYL ACRYLATE)
SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BANDED; BLEND; SPHERULITE; CRYSTAL; LAMELLA; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMER;
   POLY(ETHYL ACRYLATE); POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE); SPLAYING; TWISTING
ID SPHERULITIC ORGANIZATION; POLYETHYLENE CRYSTALS; AMORPHOUS INTERPHASE;
   MELT; GROWTH; PHASE
AB A combined optical and electron microscopical study has been carried out of the crystallization habits Of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) when it is crystallized from blends with noncrystallizable poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA). The PVF2/PEA weight ratios were 0-5/99.5, 5/95, and 15/85. Isothermal crystallization upon cooling the blends from the single-phase liquid region was carried out in the range 135-155-degrees-C, in which the polymer crystallizes in the alpha-orthorhombic unit cell form. The 0.5/99.5 blend yielded multilayered and planar lamellar crystals. The lamellae formed at low undercoolings were lozenge shaped and bounded laterally by {110} faces. This habit is prototypical of the dendritic lateral habits exhibited by the crystals grown from the same blend at high undercoolings as well as by the constituent lamellae in the incipient spherulitic aggregates and banded spherulites that formed from the 5/95 and the 15/85 blends, respectively. In contrast with the planar crystals grown from the 0.5/99.5 blend, the formation of the aggregates grown from the 5/95 blend is governed by a conformationally complex motif of dendritic lamellar growth and proliferation. The development of these aggregates is characterized by the twisting of the orientation of lamellae about their preferential b-axis direction of growth, coupled with a fan-like splaying or spreading of lamellae about that axis. The radial growth in the banded spherulites formed from the 15/85 blend is governed by a radially periodic repetition of a similar lamellar twisting/fan-like spreading growth motif whose recurrence corresponds to the extinction band spacing. This motif differs in its fan-like splaying component from banding due to just a helicoidal twisting of lamellae about the radial direction. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012
OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942
NR 24
TC 56
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 9
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0887-6266
J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS
JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 31
IS 10
BP 1253
EP 1272
DI 10.1002/polb.1993.090311001
PG 20
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LR473
UT WOS:A1993LR47300001
ER

PT J
AU BENDERSKY, LA
   ROYTBURD, A
   BOETTINGER, WJ
AF BENDERSKY, LA
   ROYTBURD, A
   BOETTINGER, WJ
TI TRANSFORMATION OF BCC AND B2 HIGH-TEMPERATURE PHASES TO HCP AND
   ORTHORHOMBIC STRUCTURES IN THE TI-AL-NB SYSTEM .1. MICROSTRUCTURAL
   PREDICTIONS BASED ON A SUBGROUP RELATION BETWEEN PHASES
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DOMAIN STRUCTURE; ELASTIC ACCOMMODATION; PHASES; SPACE GROUP RELATIONS;
   STRUCTURAL RELATIONS; TI-AL-NB SYSTEM; TRANSFORMATION PATH
ID TI3AL-NB ALLOY; TI-24AL-15NB ALLOY; CREEP-BEHAVIOR; COOLING RATE;
   DEFORMATION
AB Possible paths for the constant composition coherent transformation of BCC or B2 high temperature phases to low temperature HCP or Orthorhombic phases in the Ti-Al-Nb system are analyzed using a sequence of crystallographic structural relationships developed from subgroup symmetry relations. Symmetry elements lost in each step of the sequence determine the possibilities for variants of the low symmetry phase and domains that can be present in the microstructure. The orientation of interdomain interfaces is determined by requiring the existence of a strain-free interface between the domains. Polydomain structures are also determined that minimize elastic energy. Microstructural predictions are made for comparison to experimental results given by Bendersky and Boettinger [J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 98, 585 (1993)).
C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT MAT & CHEM ENGN, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA.
   UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA.
RP BENDERSKY, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MET, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 42
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 4
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 5
BP 561
EP 583
DI 10.6028/jres.098.038
PG 23
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA MK803
UT WOS:A1993MK80300001
PM 28053487
ER

PT J
AU BENDERSKY, LA
   BOETTINGER, WJ
AF BENDERSKY, LA
   BOETTINGER, WJ
TI TRANSFORMATION OF BCC AND B2 HIGH-TEMPERATURE PHASES TO HCP AND
   ORTHORHOMBIC STRUCTURES IN THE TI-AL-NB SYSTEM .2. EXPERIMENTAL TEM
   STUDY OF MICROSTRUCTURES
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DOMAIN INTERFACES; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; THERMODYNAMICS; TI-AL-NB
   PHASES; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
ID ALLOYS; MARTENSITE; COHERENT; TI3AL
AB Possible transformation paths that involve no long range diffusion and their corresponding microstructural details were predicted by Bendersky, Roytburd, and Boettinger [J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 98, 561 (1993)] for Ti-Al-Nb alloys cooled from the high temperature BCC/B2 phase field into close-packed orthorhombic or hexagonal phase fields. These predictions were based on structural and symmetry relations between the known phases. In the present paper experimental TEM results show that two of the predicted transformation paths are indeed followed for different alloy compositions. For Ti-25Al-12.5Nb (at%), the path includes the formation of intermediate hexagonal phases, A3 and DO19, and subsequent formation of a metastable domain structure of the low-temperature 0 phase. For alloys close to Ti-25A]-25Nb (at%), the path involves an intermediate B19 structure and subsequent formation of a translational domain structure of the O phase. The path selection depends on whether B2 order forms in the high temperature cubic phase prior to transformation to the close-packed structure. The paper also analyzes the formation of a two-phase modulated microstructure during long term annealing at 700-degrees-C. The structure forms by congruent ordering of the DO19 phase to the 0 phase, and then reprecipitation of the DO19 phase, possibly by a spinodal mechanism. The thermodynamics underlying the path selection and the two-phase formation are also discussed.
RP BENDERSKY, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MET, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 32
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 5
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 5
BP 585
EP 606
DI 10.6028/jres.098.039
PG 22
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA MK803
UT WOS:A1993MK80300002
PM 28053488
ER

PT J
AU MUNRO, RG
   DAPKUNAS, SJ
AF MUNRO, RG
   DAPKUNAS, SJ
TI CORROSION CHARACTERISTICS OF SILICON-CARBIDE AND SILICON-NITRIDE
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ASH; CERAMICS; COAL; CORROSION; SILICON CARBIDE; SILICON NITRIDE; SLAG
ID MOLTEN-SALT CORROSION; HEAT-EXCHANGER MATERIALS; OIL-MIXTURE COMBUSTION;
   HIGH-TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION-KINETICS; ADVANCED CERAMICS; HOT CORROSION;
   SIC CERAMICS; STRENGTH DISTRIBUTIONS; PASSIVE TRANSITION
AB The present work is a review of the substantial effort that has been made to measure and understand the effects of corrosion with respect to the properties, performance, and durability of various forms of silicon carbide and silicon nitride. The review encompasses corrosion in diverse environments, usually at temperatures of 1000-degrees-C or higher. The environments include dry and moist oxygen, mixtures of hot gaseous vapors, molten salts, molten metals, and complex environments pertaining to coal ashes and slags.
RP MUNRO, RG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CERAM, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 143
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 2
U2 7
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 5
BP 607
EP 631
DI 10.6028/jres.098.040
PG 25
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA MK803
UT WOS:A1993MK80300003
PM 28053489
ER

PT J
AU LENNON, EB
AF LENNON, EB
TI NORTH-AMERICAN INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) USERS FORUM
   (NIUF) GAITHERSBURG, MD JUNE 22-25, 1993
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP LENNON, EB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 5
BP 633
EP 635
DI 10.6028/jres.098.041
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA MK803
UT WOS:A1993MK80300004
PM 28053490
ER

PT J
AU SCHULTZ, AE
AF SCHULTZ, AE
TI APPROXIMATING LATERAL STIFFNESS OF STORIES IN ELASTIC FRAMES - CLOSURE
SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE
LA English
DT Discussion
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695.
RP SCHULTZ, AE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398
SN 0733-9445
J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE
JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 119
IS 9
BP 2806
EP 2807
DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:9(2806)
PG 2
WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil
SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA LU566
UT WOS:A1993LU56600023
ER

PT J
AU HEYLIGER, P
   JILANI, A
   LEDBETTER, H
   LEISURE, RG
   WANG, CL
AF HEYLIGER, P
   JILANI, A
   LEDBETTER, H
   LEISURE, RG
   WANG, CL
TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF ISOTROPIC CYLINDERS USING RESONANT ULTRASOUND
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID FREE-VIBRATIONS; ROD
AB A method of ultrasonic resonance is used to determine the elastic constants of isotropic cylinders. As applied in this study, this method implies simultaneous application of approximate techniques to solve for the equations of motion of the cylinder and an experimental measurement of the natural frequencies of free vibration. Optimal estimates for the elastic constants are obtained by minimizing the differences between these values. Two separate examples are considered in this study, with promising results.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
RP HEYLIGER, P (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA.
NR 27
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 94
IS 3
BP 1482
EP 1487
DI 10.1121/1.408151
PN 1
PG 6
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA LX118
UT WOS:A1993LX11800035
ER

PT J
AU LAWN, BR
   PADTURE, NP
   BRAUN, LM
   BENNISON, SJ
AF LAWN, BR
   PADTURE, NP
   BRAUN, LM
   BENNISON, SJ
TI MODEL FOR TOUGHNESS CURVES IN 2-PHASE CERAMICS .1. BASIC
   FRACTURE-MECHANICS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID SHARP CONTACT CRACKING; RESISTANCE MECHANISM; GRAIN-SIZE; ALUMINA;
   STRENGTH; GROWTH
AB A fracture mechanics model is presented for the toughening of ceramics by bridging from second-phase particles, resulting in toughness curve (T-curve) behavior. It is assumed that the second-phase particles are in a state of residual thermal expansion dilatational mismatch relative to the matrix. In the long-crack region, these stresses augment frictional sliding stresses at the interphase boundaries, enhancing the crack resistance; in the short-crack region, the same stresses drive the crack, diminishing the crack resistance. The principal manifestation of these countervailing influences is a reduced sensitivity of strength to initial flaw size, i.e., an increased flaw tolerance. In seeking to incorporate these key physical elements, our model opts for mathematical simplicity by assuming uniformly distributed stresses in two bridging domains: in the first, at small crack-wall separations, a constant opening stress; in the second, at larger separations, a constant closing stress. The uniform crack-plane distributions allow for simple closed-form solutions of the crack K-field equations, and thence an analytical formulation for the T-curve. Indentation-strength data on a ''reference'' Al2O3/Al2TiO5 ceramic composite are used to demonstrate the main theoretical predictions and to calibrate essential parameters in the T-curve formulation. The utility of the model as a route to microstructural design is addressed in Part II.
RP LAWN, BR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009
OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559
NR 30
TC 51
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 10
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 76
IS 9
BP 2235
EP 2240
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb07759.x
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA LZ616
UT WOS:A1993LZ61600011
ER

PT J
AU PADTURE, NP
   RUNYAN, JL
   BENNISON, SJ
   BRAUN, LM
   LAWN, BR
AF PADTURE, NP
   RUNYAN, JL
   BENNISON, SJ
   BRAUN, LM
   LAWN, BR
TI MODEL FOR TOUGHNESS CURVES IN 2-PHASE CERAMICS .2. MICROSTRUCTURAL
   VARIABLES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID STRAIN-SOFTENING MATERIAL; DELAYED FRACTURE; GRAIN-SIZE; CRACK; ALUMINA;
   FLAWS
AB The fracture mechanics analysis of Part I is here extended to consider the effects of volume fraction and scale of second-phase particles on the toughness-curve properties of ceramic-matrix composites. Increasing these variables enhances the flaw tolerance of the material, but only up to certain limits, beyond which bulk microcracking occurs. These limits define domains of damage accumulation and potential strength degradation by microcrack coalescence. In the familiar approximation of elliptical crack-wall profiles, we show that the principal effects of increasing volume fraction (or expansion mismatch) and particle size is to enhance the slope and scale of the T-curve, respectively. We also derive expressions for the microcracking limits and use these expressions to construct a simple design diagram for characterizing the effects of microstructural variation on mechanical behavior. Indentation-strength data on Al2O3/Al2TiO5 composites over a range of volume fractions and particles sizes are used to demonstrate the severe loss in mechanical integrity that can be suffered on entering the microcracking domains.
RP PADTURE, NP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009
OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559
NR 20
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 76
IS 9
BP 2241
EP 2247
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb07760.x
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA LZ616
UT WOS:A1993LZ61600012
ER

PT J
AU PADTURE, NP
   BENNISON, SJ
   CHAN, HM
AF PADTURE, NP
   BENNISON, SJ
   CHAN, HM
TI FLAW-TOLERANCE AND CRACK-RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA ALUMINUM
   TITANATE COMPOSITES WITH TAILORED MICROSTRUCTURES
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID R-CURVE BEHAVIOR; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; STRENGTH PROPERTIES;
   GRAIN-SIZE; CERAMICS; FRACTURE; AL2O3; SPECIMENS; MECHANISM
AB The microstructures of alumina-aluminum titanate (A-AT) composites have been tailored with the intent of altering their crack-resistance (R- or T-curve) behavior and resulting flaw tolerance. Specifically, two microstructural parameters which influence grain-localized crack bridging, viz., (i) internal residual stresses and (ii) microstructural coarseness, have been investigated. Particulate aluminum titanate was added to alumina to induce intense internal residual stresses from extreme thermal expansion mismatch. It was found that A-AT composites with uniformly distributed 20-30 vol% aluminum titanate (''duplex'') showed significantly improved flaw tolerance over single-phase alumina. Coarsening of the duplex microstructure via grain growth scaling was relatively ineffective in improving the flaw tolerance further. Onset of spontaneous microcracking precluded further exploitation of this scaling approach. Therefore, an alternative approach to coarsening was developed, in which a uniform distribution of large alumina grains was incorporated within a fine-grain A-AT matrix (''duplex-bimodal''), via a powder processing route. The duplex-bimodal composites yielded excellent flaw tolerance with steady-state toughness of almost-equal-to 8 MPa.m1/2. A qualitative model for microstructure development in these duplex-bimodal composites is presented.
C1 LEHIGH UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,BETHLEHEM,PA 18015.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009
OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559
NR 42
TC 78
Z9 79
U1 0
U2 11
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 76
IS 9
BP 2312
EP 2320
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb07770.x
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA LZ616
UT WOS:A1993LZ61600022
ER

PT J
AU TING, MF
   LAU, NC
AF TING, MF
   LAU, NC
TI A DIAGNOSTIC AND MODELING STUDY OF THE MONTHLY MEAN WINTERTIME ANOMALIES
   APPEARING IN A 100-YEAR GCM EXPERIMENT
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; 500-MB HEIGHT
   FLUCTUATIONS; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER; MIDLATITUDE STORM TRACKS;
   STATIONARY WAVE RESPONSE; SHORT-TIME SCALES; TELECONNECTION PATTERNS;
   ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE; LINEAR SIMULATION
AB The nature of simulated atmospheric variability on monthly time scales has been investigated by analyzing the output from a 100-year integration of a spectral GCM with rhomboidal wavenumber 15 truncation. In this experiment, the seasonally varying, climatological sea surface temperature was prescribed throughout the world oceans. The principal modes of variability in the model experiment were identified by applying a rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to the Northern Hemisphere monthly averaged 515-mb geopotential height for the winter season (November through March). The individual leading spatial modes are similar to the observed north-south dipoles over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, as well as wavelike patterns in the Pacific/North American and Northern Asian sectors.
   Quasigeostrophic geopotential tendencies forced by synoptic-scale (2.5-6 day) eddy vorticity and heat fluxes were computed for those months when the individual EOF modes are particularly active. The composite patterns of the eddy-induced tendencies were compared with the corresponding monthly mean anomaly patterns. It is seen that the forcing due to eddy vorticity transports exhibits a distinctive barotropic character, and reinforces the monthly averaged geopotential height anomalies throughout the tropospheric column. On the other hand, the eddy heat fluxes lead to dissipation of the monthly mean height anomalies in the upper troposphere, and enhancement of the height anomalies in the lower troposphere. Hence, the eddy heat fluxes exert a strong impact on the baroclinic component of the circulation by destroying the concurrent local monthly mean temperature and geopotential thickness anomalies. The above relationships based on model data are in agreement with the corresponding observational results.
   A linear stationary wave model was then used to mimic the individual EOF modes appearing in the GCM experiment, and to diagnose the relative importance of different types of forcing in the generation of such modes. As suggested by the tendency calculations, the transient eddy forcing due to heat fluxes was parameterized as a thermal diffusion mechanism in the stationary wave model. When the model was linearized about the climatological zonally averaged basic state, it failed to reproduce the EOF patterns appearing in the GCM experiment. However, when the same model was linearized about the zonally varying GCM climatology, the response to the total forcing (which includes vorticity fluxes by eddies on submonthly time scales, diabatic heating, and nonlinearity in those months when the individual EOF modes are active) bears a considerable resemblance to the corresponding anomaly patterns in the GCM. By evaluating the individual contributions of each of the three forcing mechanisms to the total linear model solution, it is concluded that the transient eddy vorticity fluxes exert the strongest influences. The response to nonlinear effects is negligible, while the forcing due to diabatic heating is weak and acts in opposition to the anomaly patterns in the upper troposphere. The forcing associated with vorticity fluxes by synoptic-scale transient eddies accounts for approximately half of the total vorticity forcing due to all submonthly fluctuations. Both the tendency calculations and the stationary wave model results indicate the crucial role of vorticity transports by transient eddies. The linear model solutions also illustrate the importance of incorporating the climatological stationary waves in the basic state. These findings hence suggest that the' monthly mean anomalies in this GCM experiment are intimately linked to barotropic interactions between transient fluctuations of different time scales, and between the monthly mean anomalies and the climatological stationary waves.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
   UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 44
TC 58
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 17
BP 2845
EP 2867
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2845:ADAMSO>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LY505
UT WOS:A1993LY50500002
ER

PT J
AU TOTH, Z
AF TOTH, Z
TI PREFERRED AND UNPREFERRED CIRCULATION TYPES IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE
   WINTERTIME PHASE-SPACE
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID HEIGHT FIELD; PERSISTENCE; CLASSIFICATION; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS; REGIMES
AB This study addresses two questions: 1) whether there are local density maxima and minima in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical wintertime circulation phase space and 2) if so, what the preferred circulation types are. All investigations are based on the null hypothesis that the statistical distribution of circulation patterns in the phase space is a multinormal distribution. If this is a good approximation (as it was shown in a phase-average sense in earlier studies) and the assumed independent variables have equal variance, then the theoretical distribution of circulation patterns can be uniquely described by the (climatological) mean, a single standard deviation, and the number of independent variables (dimension). Having the estimates of all these variables, the local density of the actual circulation data can be easily compared to the theoretical expectation of a multinormal distribution. With randomly generated multinormal samples the significance of such discrepancies can also be tested.
   The results at the 1% significance level show that out of the 273 circulation maps investigated in the phase space there are 28 (15) that have a higher(lower) local density than that expected from a multinormal distribution. Moreover, the high number of local discrepancies is a statistically clear indication that the circulation data sample cannot come from a symmetric, fully multinormal distribution (global significance). The positive deviation from normal density properties in certain areas of the phase space (preferred maps) is offset by opposite sign deviations in other areas (unpreferred maps), ensuring multinormality only in a phase-average sense. This is clear evidence for the existence of multiple flow regimes in the hemispheric circulation.
   As to the second question, the preferred and unpreferred circulation maps were found to cluster around 6 and 5 distinct areas of the phase space, respectively. The average of the preferred or unpreferred circulation maps for each cluster was interpreted as an estimate of local density maximum or minimum areas in the phase space. Large changes in the database and the statistical methods made little change in the estimates (especially for local maxima). The advantages and innovations of the above analysis were the following. 1) The phase space was studied in its full dimensionality. 2) Based on the appropriate null hypothesis (multinormality), the results were presented with a clear determination of statistical significance. 3) Due to the statistically significant results of the local density analysis, the possibility of a physical interpretation of clustering results (preferred circulation types) is guaranteed. A relationship between local maximum points and various boundary conditions is suspected. 4) Lacunar areas or unpreferred types that are theoretically as interesting as the preferred ones have been identified for the first time in the circulation phase space.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP TOTH, Z (reprint author), NATL RES COUNCIL,NOAA,NMC DEV DIV,RM 204,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA.
RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015
OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 17
BP 2868
EP 2888
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2868:PAUCTI>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LY505
UT WOS:A1993LY50500003
ER

PT J
AU BENNETT, J
   DAGATA, JA
AF BENNETT, J
   DAGATA, JA
TI TIME-OF-FLIGHT SECONDARY-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY STUDY OF
   P2S5/(NH4)2S-TREATED AND ULTRAVIOLET OZONE-TREATED GAAS
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE PASSIVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON
AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been applied to the characterization of P2S5/(NH4)2S-treated and ultraviolet (UV)/ozone-oxidized GaAs (100) surfaces. Emphasis is placed on investigating the structural and chemical characteristics of the UV/ozone-induced oxide. Negative ion mass spectra obtained from passivated and UV/ozone-treated GaAs surfaces showed the presence of an arsenic-oxide-rich top layer with traces of S. Shallow depth profiling through the topmost layers indicated the presence of a gallium-oxide-rich layer under the arsenic-oxide-rich layer in samples exposed to UV/ozone for 15 min or longer. The gallium-oxide-rich layer also contained traces of S. The growth of the gallium-oxide-rich region is directly related to the time spent in the UV/ozone oxidation step.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP BENNETT, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 21
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2597
EP 2602
DI 10.1116/1.578612
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LY318
UT WOS:A1993LY31800030
ER

PT J
AU MCCLELLAND, JJ
   UNGURIS, J
   SCHOLTEN, RE
   PIERCE, DT
AF MCCLELLAND, JJ
   UNGURIS, J
   SCHOLTEN, RE
   PIERCE, DT
TI SIMPLE, COMPACT, HIGH-PURITY CR EVAPORATOR FOR ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Note
AB A simple, compact Cr evaporator is constructed by electroplating Cr metal onto the tip of a W hairpin filament. At 5 cm from the evaporator, deposition rates up to 10 nm min-1 (flux almost-equal-to 10(19) atoms m-2 s-1) have been obtained, with total deposition thickness in excess of 400 nm.  Auger analyses of thin film deposited in ultrahigh vacuum show impurities below detectability.
RP MCCLELLAND, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014; Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland,
   Jabez/A-2358-2015
OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland,
   Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965
NR 4
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 5
BP 2863
EP 2864
DI 10.1116/1.578657
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LY318
UT WOS:A1993LY31800075
ER

PT J
AU READ, AJ
   WELLS, RS
   HOHN, AA
   SCOTT, MD
AF READ, AJ
   WELLS, RS
   HOHN, AA
   SCOTT, MD
TI PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN WILD BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS, TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS
SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; NOSED DOLPHINS; POSTNATAL-GROWTH;
   REPRODUCTION; AGE; FLORIDA; COAST
AB The growth of bottlenose dolphins is described from observations made during a capture-release programme that has operated in coastal waters of the eastern Gulf of Mexico from 1970 to the present. Measurements of standard length, girth and body mass were recorded from 47 female and 49 male dolphins, some captured as many as nine times. Ages were known from approximate birth dates or estimated from counts of dentinal growth layers. In all three measurements, females grew at a faster initial rate than males, but reached asymptotic size at an earlier age. This extended period of growth in males resulted in significant sexual dimorphism in length, girth and mass at physical maturity. The growth of both sexes was well described by three-parameter Gompertz models using either cross-sectional data or a mixture of longitudinal and cross-sectional data. There was considerable variation in size-at-age for both sexes in all year classes. Residuals of size measurements were used to derive measures of relative size for individual dolphins; most dolphins demonstrated little ontogenetic change in relative size. Body mass was adequately predicted by multiple regression equations that incorporated both length and girth as independent variables.
C1 CHICAGO ZOOL SOC, BROOKFIELD, IL 60513 USA.
   NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, OFF PROTECTED RESOURCES, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA.
   UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, INTERAMER TROP TUNA COMMISS, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA.
RP WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA.
NR 46
TC 88
Z9 95
U1 2
U2 17
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0952-8369
EI 1469-7998
J9 J ZOOL
JI J. Zool.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 231
BP 107
EP 123
PN 1
PG 17
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA LZ333
UT WOS:A1993LZ33300009
ER

PT J
AU MCDERMOTT, DC
   KANELLEAS, D
   THOMAS, RK
   RENNIE, AR
   SATIJA, SK
   MAJKRZAK, CF
AF MCDERMOTT, DC
   KANELLEAS, D
   THOMAS, RK
   RENNIE, AR
   SATIJA, SK
   MAJKRZAK, CF
TI STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS-SOLUTION OF MIXTURES OF NONIONIC
   AND CATIONIC SURFACTANTS ON CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ USING THE TECHNIQUE OF
   NEUTRON REFLECTION
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SILICA; INTERFACE; LAYER
AB Neutron reflectivity has been used to determine the surface excesses of hexakis(oxyethylene) monododecyl ether (C-12E6) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB), adsorbed from mixed aqueous solutions onto a quartz substrate. Two compositions were studied with C16TAB mole fractions of 0.55 and 0.92. Surface tension has been used to obtain a value of the interaction parameter, beta = -2.1 +/- 0.3, using regular solution theory. The surface excesses determined from reflection show that in both mixtures, the proportions Of C-12E6 and C16TAB in the adsorbed layer are similar to their proportions in mixed micelles of the bulk solutions calculated from the value of beta above. The adsorbed layer thickness was found to be constant within error and corresponds to a bilayer of mixed surfactant.
C1 PHYS CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND.
   SCH CHEM BRISTOL,BRISTOL BS8 1TS,ENGLAND.
   NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 19
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 9
IS 9
BP 2404
EP 2407
DI 10.1021/la00033a024
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA LY453
UT WOS:A1993LY45300024
ER

PT J
AU NAJJAR, RG
   TOGGWEILER, JR
AF NAJJAR, RG
   TOGGWEILER, JR
TI FLUX FEEDING AS A MECHANISM FOR ZOOPLANKTON GRAZING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
   FOR VERTICAL PARTICULATE FLUX - COMMENT
SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Note
ID CATALYTIC-OXIDATION METHOD; SEAWATER; CARBON
C1 NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542.
RP NAJJAR, RG (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0024-3590
J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR
JI Limnol. Oceanogr.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 38
IS 6
BP 1331
EP 1332
PG 2
WC Limnology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA ME147
UT WOS:A1993ME14700024
ER

PT J
AU HEWITT, RP
   DEMER, DA
AF HEWITT, RP
   DEMER, DA
TI DISPERSION AND ABUNDANCE OF ANTARCTIC KRILL IN THE VICINITY OF
   ELEPHANT-ISLAND IN THE 1992 AUSTRAL SUMMER
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; BRANSFIELD STRAIT; PENINSULA; VARIABILITY;
   SCATTERING; WATERS; SYSTEM; SIBEX; SOUND
AB Antarctic krill Euphausia superba distribution and abundance were estimated from 4 acoustic surveys conducted in the vicinity of Elephant Island, Antarctica, from mid-January to mid-March 1992. The first and last surveys covered a 105 by 105 n mile study area centered on Elephant Island; the second and third surveys covered a 60 by 35 n mile area immediately north of Elephant Island. During the first survey, krill were distributed in a wide band extending along the north side of Elephant Island and wrapping around the western end; biomass was estimated to be 2.2 million metric tons (t). During the second survey, the highest densities of krill were over the shelf extending to the northwest from Elephant Island and including the Seal Island archipelago; high densities of krill also extended off the shelf from the northeast end of Elephant Island into deeper water. Biomass in the smaller survey area was estimated to be 0.7 million t. Three weeks later, high krill densities were still apparent in the vicinity of Seal Island, but the area of high density previously mapped off the northeast end of Elephant Island has diminished considerably; biomass was estimated to be 0.4 million t. During the final survey, conducted 6 wk after the first survey, krill were mapped in reduced densities primarily to the west of Elephant Island; biomass over the larger survey area had declined to 1.1 million t.
C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA.
RP HEWITT, RP (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, LA JOLLA, CA 92038 USA.
NR 60
TC 53
Z9 55
U1 0
U2 2
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 99
IS 1-2
BP 29
EP 39
DI 10.3354/meps099029
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography
GA LY003
UT WOS:A1993LY00300003
ER

PT J
AU HOFF, RZ
AF HOFF, RZ
TI BIOREMEDIATION - AN OVERVIEW OF ITS DEVELOPMENT AND USE FOR OIL-SPILL
   CLEANUP
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Review
ID CRUDE-OIL; BIODEGRADATION; SEDIMENTS
AB Bioremediation as a technique for marine oil spill cleanup is reviewed in the context of its recent historical development in the United States, which was highly influenced by the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. The development of bioremediation is examined as a proto-type for new environmental technologies, which involve interactions between scientific researchers, the public, the media and government regulators. Bioremediation has a role to play in long term cleanup of oil contaminated shorelines, especially in sensitive environments.
RP NOAA, DIV HAZARDOUS MAT RESPONSE & ASSESSMENT, BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
NR 25
TC 44
Z9 47
U1 4
U2 26
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 9
BP 476
EP 481
DI 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90463-T
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA MA566
UT WOS:A1993MA56600003
ER

PT J
AU MILLER, GS
   SAYLOR, JH
AF MILLER, GS
   SAYLOR, JH
TI COMPARISON OF ACOUSTIC DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILER AND VECTOR AVERAGING
   CURRENT-METER MEASUREMENTS IN A STRATIFIED, FRESH-WATER BAY
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE
AB The performance of a moored, upward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler was compared with vector averaging current meters at three depths in a shallow, stratified bay during a 142-day period. Mean current speeds during the period agreed to better than 0.2 cms(-1) and 5 degrees in direction. Scatter plots showed instantaneous differences of up to 10 cms(-1) which were related to the active internal oscillations and episodes of large wind-induced temperature changes together with the 0.5 km separation of the two moorings.
RP MILLER, GS (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
NR 18
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD FAL
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 3
BP 15
EP 20
PG 6
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA MM994
UT WOS:A1993MM99400002
ER

PT J
AU BAKER, DJ
AF BAKER, DJ
TI SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND NOAAS SPECIAL ROLE IN MEETING NATIONAL GOALS
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP BAKER, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD FAL
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 3
BP 49
EP 54
PG 6
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA MM994
UT WOS:A1993MM99400006
ER

PT J
AU SHECHTMAN, D
   FELDMAN, A
   HUTCHISON, J
AF SHECHTMAN, D
   FELDMAN, A
   HUTCHISON, J
TI HIGH-ORDER TWIN BOUNDARIES IN CVD DIAMOND FILMS
SO MATERIALS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID FINE PARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; GROWTH; SI
AB The twin structure of diamond films grown by Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The structure of high-order twins of the type SIGMA = 9, SIGMA = 27 and SIGMA = 81 was investigated and the way they form analyzed. In particular, two types SIGMA = 81 were found.  The first results from an interaction between four SIGMA = 3 twin boundaries and the second from an interaction of SIGMA = 3 with higher-order boundaries, such as SIGMA = 27. We suggest that a higher-order twin of the type SIGMA = 243 can form in rare cases. However, such a boundary was not observed in our study.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV OXFORD,DEPT MAT,OXFORD,ENGLAND.
RP SHECHTMAN, D (reprint author), TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT MAT ENGN,HAIFA,ISRAEL.
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 4
U2 14
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-577X
J9 MATER LETT
JI Mater. Lett.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 17
IS 5
BP 211
EP 216
DI 10.1016/0167-577X(93)90001-E
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LZ512
UT WOS:A1993LZ51200001
ER

PT J
AU KIRCHNER, D
   RESSLER, H
   GRUDLER, P
   BAUMONT, F
   VEILLET, C
   LEWANDOWSKI, W
   HANSON, W
   KLEPCZYNSKI, W
   UHRICH, P
AF KIRCHNER, D
   RESSLER, H
   GRUDLER, P
   BAUMONT, F
   VEILLET, C
   LEWANDOWSKI, W
   HANSON, W
   KLEPCZYNSKI, W
   UHRICH, P
TI COMPARISON OF GPS COMMON-VIEW AND 2-WAY SATELLITE TIME TRANSFER OVER A
   BASE-LINE OF 800-KM
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Article
AB For about one year the time scales UTC (OCA) and UTC (TUG) were compared by means of GPS common-view and two-way satellite time transfer. At the end of the experiment, both links were independently ''calibrated'' by measuring the differential delays of the GPS receivers and the satellite Earth stations by transportation of one GPS receiver and one satellite terminal to the other site. The results obtained by the two methods differ by about 3 ns, but reveal a seasonal variation of about 8 ns which, most likely, is mainly the result of temperature-dependent delays in the GPS receiving equipment used.
C1 SPACE RES INST,A-8010 GRAZ,AUSTRIA.
   OBSERV COTE AZUR,F-06130 GRASSE,FRANCE.
   BUR INT POIDS & MESURES,F-92312 SEVRES,FRANCE.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   USN OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20392.
   LAB PRIMAIRE TEMPS & FREQUENCES,F-75014 PARIS,FRANCE.
RP KIRCHNER, D (reprint author), GRAZ TECH UNIV,INFFELDGASSE 12,A-8010 GRAZ,AUSTRIA.
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES
PI SEVRES CEDEX
PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 30
IS 3
BP 183
EP 192
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/30/3/006
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA MB323
UT WOS:A1993MB32300006
ER

PT J
AU RIGHINI, F
   ROSSO, A
   CEZAIRLIYAN, A
   MIILLER, AP
AF RIGHINI, F
   ROSSO, A
   CEZAIRLIYAN, A
   MIILLER, AP
TI WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE OF NORMAL SPECTRAL EMISSIVITY AT THE MELTING-POINT
   OF REFRACTORY TRANSITION-METALS
SO METROLOGIA
LA English
DT Letter
ID PYROMETRY
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP RIGHINI, F (reprint author), CNR,IST METROL G COLONNETTI,STRADA CACCE 73,I-10135 TURIN,ITALY.
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES
PI SEVRES CEDEX
PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE
SN 0026-1394
J9 METROLOGIA
JI Metrologia
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 30
IS 3
BP 197
EP 199
DI 10.1088/0026-1394/30/3/008
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA MB323
UT WOS:A1993MB32300008
ER

PT J
AU FRANKLIN, JL
   LORD, SJ
   FEUER, SE
   MARKS, FD
AF FRANKLIN, JL
   LORD, SJ
   FEUER, SE
   MARKS, FD
TI THE KINEMATIC STRUCTURE OF HURRICANE GLORIA (1985) DETERMINED FROM
   NESTED ANALYSES OF DROPWINDSONDE AND DOPPLER RADAR DATA
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; INNER CORE
   STRUCTURE; BAROTROPIC VORTEX; MATURE HURRICANES; GRADIENT BALANCE;
   MODEL; CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; AIRCRAFT
AB A set of three-dimensional, filtered, multiply nested objective analyses has been completed for the wind field of Hurricane Gloria for 0000 UTC 25 September 1985. At this time Gloria was one of the most intense hurricanes ever observed in the Atlantic basin, with a minimum sea level pressure of 919 mb. The nested analyses, based on observations from airborne Doppler radar and Omega dropwindsondes, simultaneously describe eyewall and synoptic-scale features, and are the most comprehensive analyses of a single hurricane constructed to date. The analyses have been used to document the multiscale kinematic structure of Gloria and to investigate the relationship between the kinematic fields and the motion of the vortex.
   The analyses indicate that the vortex was unusually barotropic. The radius of maximum wind (RMW) was nearly vertical below 500 mb, with a slight inward slope with height between 750 and 550 mb. The strongest azimuthal mean tangential winds were found well above the boundary layer, near 550 mb, where the RMW was smallest. We speculate that this unusual structure was associated with a concentric eye cycle. A persistent asymmetry in the distribution of eyewall convection was associated with the vertical shear of the environmental flow.
   The vortex moved approximately 2.5 m s-1 faster than the deep layer mean flow averaged at 667-km radius from the center. Barotropic models have predicted a relationship between the relative motion of the vortex and the gradients of absolute vorticity in the cyclone's environment; however, the predicted relationship was not found for Gloria. The vortex also did not move with the mean flow in the immediate vicinity of the center; the motion of the hurricane was most consistent with the 300-850-mb layer mean flow well outside the eyewall, at a radius of 65 km. The analyses suggest that the environmental flow near the center had been distorted by eyewall convection, with the scale of the distortion determined by the local Rossby radius of deformation.
C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP FRANKLIN, JL (reprint author), NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011
OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514
NR 51
TC 102
Z9 112
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 9
BP 2433
EP 2451
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2433:TKSOHG>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LU353
UT WOS:A1993LU35300001
ER

PT J
AU CONWAY, JW
   ZRNIC, DS
AF CONWAY, JW
   ZRNIC, DS
TI A STUDY OF EMBRYO PRODUCTION AND HAIL GROWTH USING DUAL-DOPPLER AND
   MULTIPARAMETER RADARS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID COLORADO CONVECTIVE STORMS; 13 JUNE 1984; POLARIZATION RADAR; DENVER
   HAILSTORM; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION; GRAUPEL; ATTENUATION; MODEL
AB The origin and importance to embryo and hail production of a region of drops advected above the freezing level in the updraft of a severe Colorado hailstorm is examined using radar polarization measurements in conjunction with dual-Doppler and trajectory analysis. These drops, which give a distinct radar signature termed the ''differential reflectivity column,'' originate from 1) melted hydrometeors that fall from the back-sheared anvil, through the embryo curtain, and are recirculated into the storm updraft, and 2) in situ drop growth within the updraft. Some of the drops refreeze and likely produce frozen-drop hailstone embryos.
   Numerous hailstone trajectories are found to cross either through, or over, the drop column where the hailstones undergo a significant growth phase. Two separate hailstone fallout regions are identified. Some hailstones in the northern fallout region show anticyclonic trajectories and in situ updraft and column growth. Others grow while crossing the top of the vault. Hailstones in the southern region exhibit growth while passing cyclonically through the column or over the vault.
   A new method to determine hydrometeor fall speeds from radar polarization measurements for use with dual-Doppler analysis is introduced.
C1 NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,DOPPLER RADAR & REMOTE SENSING RES GRP,NORMAN,OK 73069.
   AEROMENT INC,KWAJALEIN,MARSHALL ISLAND.
NR 51
TC 38
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 9
BP 2511
EP 2528
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2511:ASOEPA>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LU353
UT WOS:A1993LU35300005
ER

PT J
AU MARTNER, BE
   SNIDER, JB
   ZAMORA, RJ
   BYRD, GP
   NIZIOL, TA
   JOE, PI
AF MARTNER, BE
   SNIDER, JB
   ZAMORA, RJ
   BYRD, GP
   NIZIOL, TA
   JOE, PI
TI A REMOTE-SENSING VIEW OF A FREEZING-RAIN STORM
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID WINTER STORM; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATIONS; LAYER
AB A destructive freezing-rain storm on 15 February 1990 was observed intensively with advanced ground-based remote sensors and conventional instruments by the Lake Ontario Winter Storms (LOWS) project in upstate New York. A deep layer of warm, moist, southwesterly flow overran a shallower layer of subfreezing, easterly flow ahead of a surface warm front. Precipitation at the surface changed from snowfall to ice pellets, to freezing rain, and, finally, to ordinary rain as an elevated layer of above-freezing air moved into the region and eventually extended to the ground. Measurements from a scanning Doppler radar, wind profilers, a microwave radiometer, and mobile rawinsondes provided detailed information on the storm's kinematic and thermodynamic structure and evolution, and allowed its basic microphysical structure to be inferred. The remote sensors detected signatures of the melting aloft that may be useful for improving detection and forecasts of freezing-rain hazards.
C1 SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,BROCKPORT,NY 14420.
   NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,BUFFALO,NY.
   ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW,ON,CANADA.
RP MARTNER, BE (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 30
TC 38
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 9
BP 2562
EP 2577
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2562:ARSVOA>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LU353
UT WOS:A1993LU35300008
ER

PT J
AU SULLIVAN, J
   GANDIN, L
   GRUBER, A
   BAKER, W
AF SULLIVAN, J
   GANDIN, L
   GRUBER, A
   BAKER, W
TI OBSERVATION ERROR STATISTICS FOR NOAA-10 TEMPERATURE AND HEIGHT
   RETRIEVALS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
AB In 1988, the algorithm for retrieving temperature soundings from radiances measured by NOAA's polar-orbiting satellites was changed from a statistical to a ''physical'' retrieval system. Because of this change, the National Meteorological Center (NMC) wanted to update the satellite temperature error statistics used in the NMC analyses. The authors, therefore, updated the estimates of observational error variances, horizontal covariances, and vertical correlations for layer mean temperatures retrieved from NOAA-10 satellite radiance data. The temperature error statistics have also been used to estimate analogous error statistics for isobaric height.
   The computations used radiosonde data as a substitute for true temperatures. Each ''matchup'' in the dataset consisted of a satellite retrieval close in space and time to a radiosonde sounding. The matchups were stratified into clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy cases, depending on the amount of cloud contamination in the satellite radiance data. In each of the nine mandatory pressure layers considered, from 1000-850 to 150-100 mb, the clear and partly cloudy matchup cases have nearly equal temperature error variances, while the variances for cloudy cases are substantially larger. Vertical error correlations for all three stratifications are similar. Root-mean-square height errors computed from satellite temperature errors are comparable to those computed from radiosonde errors in the clear and partly cloudy matchup cases, but larger in cloudy cases.
C1 NATL METEOROL CTR,DIV DEV,WASHINGTON,DC.
RP SULLIVAN, J (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 9
BP 2578
EP 2587
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2578:OESFTA>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LU353
UT WOS:A1993LU35300009
ER

PT J
AU EHLER, CN
   BASTA, DJ
AF EHLER, CN
   BASTA, DJ
TI INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AREAS AND MARINE SANCTUARIES - A NEW
   PARADIGM
SO OCEANUS
LA English
DT Article
RP EHLER, CN (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,ORCA,DIV STRATEG ENVIRONM ASSESSMENTS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA.
NR 0
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST
PI WOODS HOLE
PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543
SN 0029-8182
J9 OCEANUS
JI Oceanus
PD FAL
PY 1993
VL 36
IS 3
BP 6
EP 13
PG 8
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA MH627
UT WOS:A1993MH62700002
ER

PT J
AU CAVA, FM
   ROBINSON, JH
   EARLE, SA
AF CAVA, FM
   ROBINSON, JH
   EARLE, SA
TI SHOULD THE ARABIAN (PERSIAN) GULF BECOME A MARINE SANCTUARY
SO OCEANUS
LA English
DT Article
RP CAVA, FM (reprint author), NOAA,OFF OCEAN & COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,DIV SANCTUARIES & RESERVES,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA.
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST
PI WOODS HOLE
PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543
SN 0029-8182
J9 OCEANUS
JI Oceanus
PD FAL
PY 1993
VL 36
IS 3
BP 53
EP 59
PG 7
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA MH627
UT WOS:A1993MH62700011
ER

PT J
AU BOHNSACK, JA
AF BOHNSACK, JA
TI MARINE RESERVES - THEY ENHANCE FISHERIES, REDUCE CONFLICTS, AND PROTECT
   RESOURCES
SO OCEANUS
LA English
DT Article
RP BOHNSACK, JA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI LAB,MIAMI,FL, USA.
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
NR 0
TC 103
Z9 104
U1 1
U2 12
PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST
PI WOODS HOLE
PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543
SN 0029-8182
J9 OCEANUS
JI Oceanus
PD FAL
PY 1993
VL 36
IS 3
BP 63
EP 71
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA MH627
UT WOS:A1993MH62700014
ER

PT J
AU KUMAR, A
   GALLAWA, RL
AF KUMAR, A
   GALLAWA, RL
TI BENDING-INDUCED PHASE-SHIFTS IN DUAL-MODE PLANAR OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-MODE FIBER; WAVE-GUIDES; PROPAGATION
AB We examine the manner in which the effective index for each of the two modes of a bent dual-mode planar waveguide changes with curvature. We find that the bending-induced changes in the effective indices depend strongly on core-cladding index contrast and the value of V. For waveguides with large contrast, the changes in effective indices are such that the change in the phase difference between the modes is positive (or negative) at large (or small) values of V. The change becomes zero at a V value that depends on the waveguide parameters and curvature. If the index contrast is small, the bending-induced phase difference may change sign with increase in curvature. This might help in ultimately explaining the bipolar phase shift seen in a recent experiment. The results of our study can be used to increase or decrease the bending sensitivity of dual-mode optical-waveguide sensors and devices.
C1 INDIAN INST TECHNOL, DEPT PHYS, NEW DELHI 110016, INDIA.
RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0146-9592
EI 1539-4794
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 17
BP 1415
EP 1417
DI 10.1364/OL.18.001415
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LU851
UT WOS:A1993LU85100011
PM 19823399
ER

PT J
AU FOX, RW
   GILBERT, SL
   HOLLBERG, L
   MARQUARDT, JH
   ROBINSON, HG
AF FOX, RW
   GILBERT, SL
   HOLLBERG, L
   MARQUARDT, JH
   ROBINSON, HG
TI OPTICAL PROBING OF COLD TRAPPED ATOMS
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR-CELL; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE
AB Transitions between excited states of laser-cooled and laser-trapped rubidium and cesium atoms are probed by use of fiber and diode lasers. High-resolution Doppler-free spectra are detected by observation of the absorption and fluorescence of light from the intermediate level of two-step cascade systems. The optical double-resonance spectra show Autler-Townes splitting in the weak probe limit and more complicated spectra for a strongly coupled three-level system.
C1 DUKE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,DURHAM,NC 27706.
RP FOX, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 22
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 2
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 17
BP 1456
EP 1458
DI 10.1364/OL.18.001456
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LU851
UT WOS:A1993LU85100025
PM 19823413
ER

PT J
AU ROSE, AH
   DEETER, MN
   DAY, GW
AF ROSE, AH
   DEETER, MN
   DAY, GW
TI SUBMICROAMPERE-PER-ROOT-HERTZ CURRENT SENSOR-BASED ON THE FARADAY-EFFECT
   IN GAYIG
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSORS
AB We demonstrate an optical current sensor that is based on the Faraday effect in gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet and has a measured sensitivity of approximately 3-degrees/A, a noise-equivalent current of approximately 220 nA/square-root Hz, and a -3-dB bandwidth of approximately 2.6 MHz. The bandwidth-sensitivity product is a factor of approximately 10 greater than that of an all-silica-fiber current sensor with the same diameter.
RP ROSE, AH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016
OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518
NR 13
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 3
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 17
BP 1471
EP 1473
DI 10.1364/OL.18.001471
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LU851
UT WOS:A1993LU85100030
PM 19823418
ER

PT J
AU DU, NY
   STARACE, AF
   CHEREPKOV, NA
AF DU, NY
   STARACE, AF
   CHEREPKOV, NA
TI RESONANT 2-COLOR DETACHMENT OF H- WITH EXCITATION OF H(N = 2)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID OPTICALLY-ACTIVE MOLECULES; DOUBLY EXCITED-STATES; NEGATIVE-IONS;
   ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; PHOTOELECTRONS; CLASSIFICATION; SYSTEM
AB The cross sections for resonant two-color, two-photon detachment of H- with excitation of the degenerate H(2s) and H(2p) levels are calculated within a semiempirical adiabatic hyperspherical representation. The first photon, with energy omega1 = 0.4017 a.u., is resonant with the well-known Feshbach P-1(0) resonance below the H(n = 2) threshold. The second photon, with energy omega2 greater-than-or-equal-to 0.12605 a.u., scans the energy region above the H(n = 2) threshold over which long-range dipole-field-induced cross-section oscillations are predicted to occur. Such Gailitis-Damburg oscillations have not yet been observed experimentally. Results for various pairs of light polarization for the two photons are presented. Our resonant two-color, two-photon detachment cross sections are 8-9 orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding nonresonant, single-color, two-photon detachment cross sections obtained by Liu, Du, and Starace [Phys. Rev. A 43, 5891 (1991)]. Unmistakable evidence of long-range dipole-field effects is presented over the 5-meV energy range above the H(n = 2) threshold. Furthermore, the differential cross sections for right- and left-circularly polarized, copropagating photons and especially the circular dichroism differential cross sections are shown to have nearly a full cycle of a greatly enhanced dipole-field-induced oscillation extending over the region from threshold to almost-equal-to 34 meV above.
C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588.
   ST PETERSBURG AVIAT INSTRUMENT MEIKING INST,ST PETERSBURG 190000,RUSSIA.
   UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   NBS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 25
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP 2413
EP 2425
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.2413
PG 13
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LX856
UT WOS:A1993LX85600087
ER

PT J
AU GAO, B
AF GAO, B
TI EFFECTS OF ZEEMAN DEGENERACY ON THE STEADY-STATE PROPERTIES OF AN ATOM
   INTERACTING WITH A NEAR-RESONANT LASER FIELD - ANALYTIC RESULTS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTILEVEL ATOMS; NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL MOLASSES; TRAP
AB The analytic solution of the steady-state density matrix is presented for a closed two-level atom with an arbitrary ground-state angular momentum J(g) and an excited-state angular momentum J(e) interacting with a linearly polarized laser field. From this solution, analytic formulas for the total rate of laser-atom scattering, the rate of coherent scattering, and radiative forces are derived. Interestingly, it is found that population inversion in true atomic states, as opposed to the population inversion in the dressed states, can occur under certain conditions. A method is proposed to take advantage of this inversion for light amplification. The mathematical formulation is built around the concept of the resolvent operator in Liouville space, with some conclusions that are generally applicable to any system with a unique steady state.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI Gao, Bo/B-8774-2008
OI Gao, Bo/0000-0002-6680-3725
NR 17
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP 2443
EP 2448
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.2443
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LX856
UT WOS:A1993LX85600091
ER

PT J
AU BERRAH, N
   HEISER, F
   WEHLITZ, R
   LEVIN, J
   WHITFIELD, SB
   VIEFHAUS, J
   SELLIN, IA
   BECKER, U
AF BERRAH, N
   HEISER, F
   WEHLITZ, R
   LEVIN, J
   WHITFIELD, SB
   VIEFHAUS, J
   SELLIN, IA
   BECKER, U
TI PROBING ELECTRON CORRELATIONS IN DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION OF HE AT
   INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID X-RAY REGION; DOUBLE IONIZATION; RARE-GASES; HELIUM; THRESHOLD; IMPACT;
   NE
AB The ratio of double-to-single ionization of He has been measured between 280 and 1210 eV to investigate its behavior in this partially unexplored region. These measurements, compared with the most recent theories of Pan and Kelly (private communication) and of Hino [Phys. Rev. A 47, 4845 (1993)], show the importance of including not only ground-state but also final-state correlations, in contrast to the high-energy behavior discussed by Dalgarno and Sadeghpour [Phys. Rev. A 46, R3591 (1992)] where consideration of final-state correlations proves inessential. Our intermediate-energy results also appear to indicate the importance of including higher-order effects in the theory.
C1 WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KALAMAZOO,MI 49008.
   UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37891.
RP BERRAH, N (reprint author), MAX PLANCK GESELL,FRITZ HABER INST,W-1000 BERLIN 33,GERMANY.
RI Becker, Uwe/A-6604-2013
NR 25
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP R1733
EP R1736
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LX856
UT WOS:A1993LX85600003
ER

PT J
AU WANG, QL
   STARACE, AF
AF WANG, QL
   STARACE, AF
TI SHORT-PULSE DETACHMENT OF H- IN THE PRESENCE OF A STATIC ELECTRIC-FIELD
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID 2-COLOR MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; LASER FIELD; PHOTODETACHMENT
AB Quantum interference effects occurring in photodetachment of H- in the presence of a uniform, static electric field are shown theoretically to be controllable through use of short laser pulses having characteristic times comparable to photodetached electron reflection times. In particular, calculated cross sections for single-photon detachment by two laser pulses that are delayed and phase shifted relative to one another are shown to oscillate as a function of the relative phases of the laser pulses at fixed photodetached electron energy.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588.
RP WANG, QL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 15
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP R1741
EP R1744
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LX856
UT WOS:A1993LX85600005
ER

PT J
AU TUN, Z
   LUSSIER, JG
   ERWIN, RW
   LYNN, JW
   HARRISON, A
AF TUN, Z
   LUSSIER, JG
   ERWIN, RW
   LYNN, JW
   HARRISON, A
TI POLARIZATION ANALYSIS OF MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS IN CSMNI3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HALDANE-GAP; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CHAIN; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CSNICL3;
   SPIN-1
AB A polarized-neutron-scattering experiment on the spin-5/2 antiferromagnetic material CsMnI3 shows that the magnon frequencies in this material do not follow the nearly parameter-independent predictions of the linear spin-wave theory. Currently there is no explanation for this breakdown of the linear theory. A comparison with the isostructural spin-1 material CsNiCl3 shows a surprising similarity between the two materials at certain wave vectors even though the magnetic spectra of the half-integer- and integer-spin systems are expected to be fundamentally different.
C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HAMILTON L8S 4M1,ONTARIO,CANADA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   UNIV OXFORD,INORGAN CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QR,ENGLAND.
RP TUN, Z (reprint author), ATOM ENERGY CANADA LTD,CHALK RIVER NUCL LABS,CHALK RIVER K0J 1J0,ONTARIO,CANADA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 9
BP 6152
EP 6155
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.6152
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LX348
UT WOS:A1993LX34800050
ER

PT J
AU CHEN, DX
   GOLDFARB, RB
   CROSS, RW
   SANCHEZ, A
AF CHEN, DX
   GOLDFARB, RB
   CROSS, RW
   SANCHEZ, A
TI SURFACE-BARRIER AND LOWER CRITICAL-FIELD IN YBA2CU3O7-DELTA
   SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; 1ST CRITICAL-FIELD; CU-O CRYSTALS;
   TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIZATION; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR; VORTICES
AB The fields for first vortex entry and last vortex exit, H-1 and H-2, and the lower critical field H(c1) for a grain-aligned, sintered YBa2Cu3O7-delta superconductor have been determined from saturated magnetic-hysteresis loops using an extended critical-state model. For fields oriented along the grain c axis, H-1 increases with decreasing temperature, showing an upturn below 50 K, whereas H-2 remains small and positive, in general agreement with the theory of Bean-Livingston surface barriers. H(c1) has a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer temperature dependence above 50 K, but it rises at low temperatures. For fields oriented in the ab plane, H(c1) has a similar temperature dependence, but surface barriers are not evident in the magnetization.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
   UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA, DEPT FIS, E-08193 BARCELONA, SPAIN.
RP CHEN, DX (reprint author), UCM, RENFE, INST MAGNETISMO APLICADO, E-28230 LAS ROZAS DE MADRID, SPAIN.
RI Sanchez, Alvaro/C-7041-2008; Goldfarb, Ronald/A-5493-2011; 
OI Goldfarb, Ronald/0000-0002-1942-7974; Sanchez,
   Alvaro/0000-0002-2988-0289
NR 33
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
EI 1550-235X
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 9
BP 6426
EP 6430
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.6426
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LX348
UT WOS:A1993LX34800084
ER

PT J
AU BORCHERS, JA
   ERWIN, RW
AF BORCHERS, JA
   ERWIN, RW
TI PHASE-TRANSITIONS IN ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERLATTICES - COMMENT
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Letter
AB Using a mean-field approach, Carrico and Camley [Phys. Rev. B 45, 13117 (1992)] have determined the magnetic behavior expected for superlattices consisting of uniaxial antiferromagnets. They state that the resulting phase transitions in a real system cannot be observed by standard, bulk measurements of the magnetization. In fact, the predictions of their model can be explicitly tested using neutron-diffraction techniques, which have already been applied toward the study of antiferromagnetic NiO/CoO and Fe3O4/NiO superlattices.
RP BORCHERS, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 9
BP 6711
EP 6711
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.6711
PG 1
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LX348
UT WOS:A1993LX34800134
ER

PT J
AU STILES, MD
AF STILES, MD
TI EXCHANGE COUPLING IN MAGNETIC HETEROSTRUCTURES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID OSCILLATORY INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; NONMAGNETIC METALLIC LAYER;
   MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; QUANTUM-WELL STATES; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE;
   FE/CR SUPERLATTICES; MULTILAYERED STRUCTURES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE;
   PERIOD OSCILLATIONS; CO/CU MULTILAYERS
AB Many structures consisting of magnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic spacer layer show an oscillatory exchange coupling. This behavior is explained in terms of a simple model that shows that the Fermi surface of the spacer-layer material is responsible for the oscillatory coupling. The periods of the oscillatory coupling are set by extremal spanning vectors of the Fermi surface of the spacer-layer material. The strength of the coupling depends both on the geometry of the Fermi surface and on the reflection amplitudes for electrons scattering from the interfaces between the spacer layers and the magnetic layers. To test this and related models, the extremal spanning vectors and the associated Fermi-surface geometrical factors have been calculated for a large set of spacer-layer materials and interface orientations. These models are at least consistent with the experimental data. All measured oscillation periods are consistent with the calculated periods, but particularly for transition metals there are many more periods calculated than are seen experimentally.
RP STILES, MD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012
OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156
NR 75
TC 358
Z9 359
U1 4
U2 37
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD SEP 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 10
BP 7238
EP 7259
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.7238
PG 22
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LY039
UT WOS:A1993LY03900056
ER

PT J
AU BERG, RF
AF BERG, RF
TI THERMAL EQUILIBRATION NEAR THE CRITICAL-POINT - EFFECTS DUE TO 3
   DIMENSIONS AND GRAVITY
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR CRITICAL-POINT; LIQUID CRITICAL-POINT; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES;
   HE-3-HE-4 MIXTURES; FLUIDS; CONDUCTIVITY; HELIUM; HE-3
AB Two calculations are presented that clarify how the density profile equilibrates near the liquid-vapor critical point. Both use the equation of heat transfer recently improved to account for the large compressibility near the critical point. Previous work by others indicated that in one dimension the slowest mode of this equation relaxes at a rate four times faster than that predicted by the older, usual equation of heat transfer. However, this is not always true in higher dimensions. The first calculation demonstrates this for the cases of isobaric modes excited by temperature gradients in a rectangle and in a thin disk. For thin experimental cells with isothermal walls the slowest mode is accurately estimated by the usual heat-transfer equation. The second calculation indicates that gravity-induced stratification plays an insignificant role in determining the final relaxation rate. This is done by estimating the size of the v.delP term in the improved heat-transfer equation.
RP BERG, RF (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1063-651X
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP 1799
EP 1805
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.48.1799
PG 7
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA LY667
UT WOS:A1993LY66700027
ER

PT J
AU MCFADDEN, GB
   WHEELER, AA
   BRAUN, RJ
   CORIELL, SR
   SEKERKA, RF
AF MCFADDEN, GB
   WHEELER, AA
   BRAUN, RJ
   CORIELL, SR
   SEKERKA, RF
TI PHASE-FIELD MODELS FOR ANISOTROPIC INTERFACES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUNDARY; GROWTH; ORDER; KINETICS
AB The inclusion of anisotropic surface free energy and anisotropic linear interface kinetics in phase-field models is studied for the solidification of a pure material. The formulation is described for a two-dimensional system with a smooth crystal-melt interface and for a surface free energy that varies smoothly with orientation, in which case a quite general dependence of the surface free energy and kinetic coefficient on orientation can be treated; it is assumed that the anisotropy is mild enough that missing orientations do not occur. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to recover the appropriate anisotropic form of the Gibbs-Thomson equation in the sharp-interface limit in which the width of the diffuse interface is thin compared to its local radius of curvature. It is found that the surface free energy and the thickness of the diffuse interface have the same anisotropy, whereas the kinetic coefficient has an anisotropy characterized by the product of the interface thickness with the intrinsic mobility of the phase field.
C1 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA.
   UNIV BRISTOL, SCH MATH, BRISTOL BS8 1TW, AVON, ENGLAND.
RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008
OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103
NR 40
TC 241
Z9 246
U1 3
U2 37
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2470-0045
EI 2470-0053
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP 2016
EP 2024
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.48.2016
PG 9
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA LY667
UT WOS:A1993LY66700051
ER

PT J
AU REID, G
AF REID, G
TI SATELLITE PROVIDES GUIDANCE ON MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE STRUCTURE
SO PHYSICS WORLD
LA English
DT Article
RP REID, G (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0953-8585
J9 PHYS WORLD
JI Phys. World
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 9
BP 35
EP 36
PG 2
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LW700
UT WOS:A1993LW70000033
ER

PT J
AU WANG, QD
AF WANG, QD
TI EXPLORING THE ORIGIN OF THE SOFT-X-RAY BACKGROUND WITH ROSAT DEEP
   OBSERVATIONS
SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2ND HUBBLE FELLOWS SYMP
CY NOV 09-11, 1992
CL SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST, BALTIMORE, MD
HO SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST
AB Images from the ROSA T X-ray observatory have been used to probe the origin of the soft X-ray background below a discrete source detection limit S(0.5-2 keV) approximately 1 X 10(-14) erg s-2 cm-2.  By analyzing the energy-dependent autocorrelation function of the background in two ROSAT deep-pointing observations, we have statistically measured the spectrum of pointlike sources that are still embedded in the background. With this source spectrum, we have then decomposed the background into a pointlike source contribution characterized by a power law dI/dE almost-equal-to 9.5E(-0.7) keV s-1 cm-2 KeV-1 sr-1 and a diffuse contribution represented by a two-temperature plasma.  In addition to the soft thermal component that arises primarily in the 10(6) K gas of the Local Bubble, a hard diffuse thermal component is present in the background spectrum, characterizing an important phase of the interstellar or intergalactic medium of a temperature 2-3 X 10(6) K.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP WANG, QD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC
PI SAN FRANCISCO
PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112
SN 0004-6280
J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC
JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 105
IS 691
BP 1070
EP 1074
DI 10.1086/133284
PG 5
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LY652
UT WOS:A1993LY65200034
ER

PT J
AU WEBB, RS
   ANDERSON, KH
   WEBB, T
AF WEBB, RS
   ANDERSON, KH
   WEBB, T
TI POLLEN RESPONSE-SURFACE ESTIMATES OF LATE-QUATERNARY CHANGES IN THE
   MOISTURE BALANCE OF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES
SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE CHANGE; VEGETATION; MASSACHUSETTS;
   SIMULATION; HISTORY; SOIL
C1 BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912.
RP WEBB, RS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL GEOPHYS DATA CTR,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 60
TC 68
Z9 76
U1 2
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0033-5894
J9 QUATERNARY RES
JI Quat. Res.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 40
IS 2
BP 213
EP 227
DI 10.1006/qres.1993.1073
PG 15
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Physical Geography; Geology
GA LW039
UT WOS:A1993LW03900008
ER

PT J
AU AVRAMOV, S
   OLDHAM, NM
AF AVRAMOV, S
   OLDHAM, NM
TI AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION OF INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE DIVIDERS FOR THE NASA ZENO
   EXPERIMENT
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Two inductive voltage dividers (IVDs) used for temperature measurements in NASA's Zeno experiment were tested. In order to obtain the required resolution of 10 parts-per-billion, a 30-bit binary inductive voltage divider developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used to measure the differential linearity of the Zeno IVDs. Automatic measurements were performed on the dividers in the Zeno engineering model at frequencies of 266 and 351 Hz over a ratio range of 0.55-0.56. The measured differential linearity limits the temperature resolution to 5 muK.
C1 US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 4
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 64
IS 9
BP 2676
EP 2678
DI 10.1063/1.1143854
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LX891
UT WOS:A1993LX89100047
ER

PT J
AU WINCHESTER, MR
   TRAVIS, JC
   SALIT, ML
AF WINCHESTER, MR
   TRAVIS, JC
   SALIT, ML
TI FOURIER-TRANSFORM ATOMIC-EMISSION STUDIES USING A GLOW-DISCHARGE AS THE
   EMISSION SOURCE
SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA; SPECTROMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET; NOISE
AB The glow discharge (GD) is investigated as a possible atomic emission source for Fourier transform atomic emission spectroscopy (FT-AES). Noise power spectra are presented to demonstrate that GD emission is primarily characterized by photon noise, although a drift noise component exists at extremely low frequencies. The photon noise character is important, since photon noise limited sources are expected to outperform source flicker noise limited sources in terms of measurement precision. The implementation of bandpass restriction and dual channel subtractive noise cancellation as possible means of improving measurement precision are also presented. In both cases, the improvements were found to be minimal, a fact attributed to the probable suitability of the GD for FT-AES.
RP WINCHESTER, MR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0584-8547
J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B
JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 11
BP 1325
EP 1337
DI 10.1016/0584-8547(93)80121-A
PG 13
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA LY701
UT WOS:A1993LY70100002
ER

PT J
AU MURAWSKI, SA
AF MURAWSKI, SA
TI CLIMATE-CHANGE AND MARINE FISH DISTRIBUTIONS - FORECASTING FROM
   HISTORICAL ANALOGY
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERE; FISHERIES; INCREASE; MODEL
AB Analyses of 36 fish and squid species sampled in standardized bottom-trawl surveys of the northwest Atlantic Ocean (1967-present) revealed a continuum of distributional responses associated with seasonal and annual variations in water temperature. Mean and maximum latitude of occurrence of the species were regressed against average surface- and bottom-water temperatures and indices of relative abundance from spring and autumn trawl surveys. Significant (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.05) regression models were fitted for 17 of 36 species from spring and fall survey data. Variations in water temperature were significant in explaining changes in mean latitude of occurrence for 12 of 36 species in both seasons. Maximum latitude distribution responses to interannual differences in water temperatures occurred for pelagic species, including Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus and Atlantic herring Clupea harengus, Weighted mean catches of these species shifted poleward by 0.5-0.8 degree of latitude for each 1-degrees-C increase in average water temperature. Statistically significant poleward range extensions, associated with warmer water temperatures, occurred for five species in spring surveys and four in fall surveys. Different responses among species to changing thermal regimes of the northwest Atlantic Shelf have important potential consequences for trophic dynamics and fisheries yields of the ecosystem. Species found to be sensitive in distribution to temperature change include primary prey species of some predators that show limited seasonal or annual changes in distribution. Changes in distributional overlaps between some predators and prey therefore are a likely result of shelf warming associated with climate change.
RP MURAWSKI, SA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA.
NR 20
TC 137
Z9 140
U1 7
U2 65
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199
SN 0002-8487
J9 T AM FISH SOC
JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 122
IS 5
BP 647
EP 658
DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0647:CCAMFD>2.3.CO;2
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MJ440
UT WOS:A1993MJ44000001
ER

PT J
AU MCWAID, TH
   MARSCHALL, E
AF MCWAID, TH
   MARSCHALL, E
TI A COMPARISON OF ELASTIC AND PLASTIC CONTACT MODELS FOR THE PREDICTION OF
   THERMAL CONTACT CONDUCTANCE
SO WARME UND STOFFUBERTRAGUNG-THERMO AND FLUID DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROUGH SURFACES
AB Experimentally determined thermal contact resistance (conductance) data are compared with predictions based on two different theories. One of the theories assumes elastic contact, while the other theory is based on the assumption of plastic contact. Even though the high plastic index calculated for the contacting surface suggested that contacting asperities would deform plastically, the experimental data generally agree better with the predictions obtained using the elastic contact model than with the predictions obtained using the plastic contact model.
C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT MECH & ENVIRONM ENGN,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106.
RP MCWAID, TH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 28
TC 9
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0042-9929
J9 WARME STOFFUBERTRAG
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 28
IS 8
BP 441
EP 448
DI 10.1007/BF01539674
PG 8
WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics
SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics
GA MB235
UT WOS:A1993MB23500001
ER

PT J
AU CROLEY, TE
AF CROLEY, TE
TI PROBABILISTIC GREAT-LAKES HYDROLOGY OUTLOOKS
SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
DE FORECASTING; HYDROLOGY; PROBABILISTIC OUTLOOKS; GREAT LAKES; RUN OFF;
   EVAPORATION; WATER SUPPLY
AB The Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory developed a semiautomatic software package for making hydrological outlooks for the Great Lakes. These include basin moisture storages, basin runoff, lake heat storage, lake evaporation, heat fluxes, and net lake supplies, one or more full months into the future. The package combines GLERL's rainfall-runoff and lake evaporation models with near real-time data reduction techniques to represent current system states. Users select historical meteorologic record segments as candidate future scenarios to generate deterministic near real-time hydrological outlooks. GLERL has extended the package to make probabilistic outlooks for a decision-maker who must estimate the risk associated with his decisions. GLERL matches National Weather Service meteorologic outlook probabilities by selecting groups of historical meteorologic sequences, and constructs embedded outlook intervals for each hydrologic variable of interest. Interval probabilities are assigned from comparisons over a recent evaluation period. This physically-based approach for generating outlooks offers the ability, as compared to other statistically-based approaches, to incorporate improvements in the understanding of process dynamics as they occur in the future and to respond reasonably to conditions initial to a forecast (such as heat and moisture storages), not observed in the past.
RP CROLEY, TE (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA.
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC
PI HERNDON
PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531
SN 0043-1370
J9 WATER RESOUR BULL
JI Water Resour. Bull.
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 5
BP 741
EP 753
PG 13
WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources
SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources
GA ML383
UT WOS:A1993ML38300003
ER

PT J
AU BROOKS, HE
   DOSWELL, CA
   WICKER, LJ
AF BROOKS, HE
   DOSWELL, CA
   WICKER, LJ
TI STORMTIPE - A FORECASTING EXPERIMENT USING A 3-DIMENSIONAL CLOUD MODEL
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Note
AB An experiment using a three-dimensional cloud-scale numerical model in an operational forecasting environment was carried out in the spring of 1991.  It involved meteorologists generating forecast environmental conditions associated with anticipated strong convection.  Those conditions then were used to initialize the cloud model, which was run subsequently to forecast qualitative descriptions of storm type.  Verification was done on both the sounding forecast and numerical model portions of the experiment.  Of the 12 experiment days, the numerical model generated six good forecasts, two of which involved significant tornadic storms.  More importantly, while demonstrating the potential for cloud-scale modeling in an operational environment, the experiment highlights some of the obstacles in the path of such an implementation.
RP BROOKS, HE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010
NR 0
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 3
BP 352
EP 362
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0352:SAFEUA>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL520
UT WOS:A1993QL52000006
ER

PT J
AU TRACTON, MS
   KALNAY, E
AF TRACTON, MS
   KALNAY, E
TI OPERATIONAL ENSEMBLE PREDICTION AT THE NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER -
   PRACTICAL ASPECTS
SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING
LA English
DT Note
AB On 7 December 1992 NMC began operational ensemble prediction.  The ensemble configuration provides 14 independent forecasts every day, verifying on days 1 through 10.  The ensemble members are generated through a combination of time lagging [Lagged-Average Forecasting] and a new method, Breeding of Growing Modes (Toth and Kalnay).  In adopting the ensemble approach, NMC explicitly recognizes that forecasts are stochastic, not deterministic, in nature.  There is no single solution, only an array of possibilities, and forecast ensembles provide a rational basis for assessing the range and likelihood of alternative scenarios.
   Given the near saturation of computer resources at NMC, implementation of ensemble prediction required a trade-off between model resolution and multiple runs.  Before 7 December 1992, NMC was producing a single global forecast through 10 days with the highest-resolution (T126) version possible of its medium-range forecast model.  Now, based on experiments that showed no adverse impact upon the quality of forecasts, the T126 model run is truncated to T62 resolution beyond day 6.  The computer savings are used to generate the balance of the ensemble members at the lower T62 resolution.  While these complementary runs are, on the average, somewhat less skillful when considered individually, it is expected that ensemble averaging will increase skill levels.  More importantly, we expect that ensemble prediction will enhance the utility of NWP by (a) providing a basis for the estimation of the reliability of forecasts, and (b) creating a quantitative foundation for probabilistic forecasting.
   A major challenge of ensemble prediction is to condense the large amounts of information provided by ensembles into a user-friendly format that can be easily assimilated and used by forecasters.  Some examples of output products relevant to operational forecast applications are illustrated.  They include the display of each member of the ensemble, ensemble mean and dispersion fields, ''clustering'' of similar forecasts, and simple probability estimates.
   While this implementation of ensemble prediction is relatively modest (ensembles of 14 members for the forecasts encompassing days 1 through 10), it does provide the basis for development of operational experience with ensemble forecasting, and for research directed toward maximizing the utility of NMC's numerical guidance.
RP TRACTON, MS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,PREDICT BRANCH,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA.
RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; 
OI Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906
NR 0
TC 189
Z9 205
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0882-8156
J9 WEATHER FORECAST
JI Weather Forecast.
PD SEP
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 3
BP 379
EP 398
DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0379:OEPATN>2.0.CO;2
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA QL520
UT WOS:A1993QL52000009
ER

PT J
AU NENOFF, TM
   HARRISON, WTA
   STUCKY, GD
   NICOL, JM
   NEWSAM, JM
AF NENOFF, TM
   HARRISON, WTA
   STUCKY, GD
   NICOL, JM
   NEWSAM, JM
TI THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF A NEW SODIUM ZINC ARSENATE PHASE SOLVED BY
   SIMULATED ANNEALING
SO ZEOLITES
LA English
DT Article
DE ZINCOARSENATE; POWDER STRUCTURE SOLVING METHOD; REVERSIBLE PHASE
   TRANSFORMATION; SIMULATED ANNEALING
ID TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; FRAMEWORK
AB The framework structure of a new sodium zinc arsenste, produced by dehydration of the Na6(ZnAsO4)6.8 H2O sodalite analog, has been solved by a simulated annealing method. This method utilizes typical tetrahedral-atom bonding schemes with possible space group and unit cell dimensions to randomly generate possible continuous frameworks and their calculated energies. The Rietveld refinement of the Na6(ZnAsO4)6 solution phase was initially performed on room temperature X-ray data and then continued on low-temperature constant wavelength neutron data. This sodium zinc phosphate is a hexagonal polycrystalline material: space group P6(3) (no. 173), with a = b = 9.005 (2) angstrom, c = 8.161 (2) angstrom, alpha = beta = 90-degrees, gamma = 120-degrees, V = 573.1 angstrom3 , and Z = 2, with R = 12.35% and R(w) = 9.76% for 2756 (CW neutron) powder data points. This tridymite structural analog undergoes a room-temperature transformation to the open-framework sodalite structure.
C1 NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
   BIOSYM TECHNOL INC,SAN DIEGO,CA.
RP NENOFF, TM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT CHEM,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106, USA.
NR 16
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0144-2449
J9 ZEOLITES
JI Zeolites
PD SEP-OCT
PY 1993
VL 13
IS 7
BP 506
EP 510
DI 10.1016/0144-2449(93)90226-S
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA MA259
UT WOS:A1993MA25900001
ER

PT J
AU GHEZZO, M
   BROWN, DM
   DOWNEY, E
   KRETCHMER, J
   KOPANSKI, JJ
AF GHEZZO, M
   BROWN, DM
   DOWNEY, E
   KRETCHMER, J
   KOPANSKI, JJ
TI BORON-IMPLANTED 6H-SIC DIODES
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BETA SILICON-CARBIDE; N-JUNCTION DIODES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES
AB Ion implanted planar p-n junctions are important for silicon carbide discrete devices and integrated circuits. Conversion to p-type of n-type 6H-SiC was observed for the first time using boron implantation. Diodes were fabricated with boron implants at 25 and 1000-degrees-C, followed by 1300-degrees-C post-implant annealing in a furnace. The best diodes measured at 21-degrees-C exhibited an ideality factor of 1.77, reverse bias leakage of 10(-10) A/cm2 at -10 V, and a record high (for a SiC-implanted diode) breakdown voltage of -650 V.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP GE CO, CORP RES & DEV, SCHENECTADY, NY 12301 USA.
NR 24
TC 50
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI MELVILLE
PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA
SN 0003-6951
EI 1077-3118
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 30
PY 1993
VL 63
IS 9
BP 1206
EP 1208
DI 10.1063/1.109772
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LU951
UT WOS:A1993LU95100016
ER

PT J
AU HAMMOUDA, B
AF HAMMOUDA, B
TI DYNAMICS OF TERNARY POLYMER-SOLUTIONS
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID RANDOM PHASE APPROXIMATION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE;
   MIXTURES; COPOLYMER; DIFFUSION
AB Hydrodynamic interaction is included in the description of ternary polymer solutions (two polymers or a block copolymer mixed with a solvent). The effect of hydrodynamic interaction on the two decay rates (of the so called 'slow'' and ''fast' modes) is assessed for dilute and semidilute solutions where Rouse dynamics are not appropriate. The Kubo formula was used to express the generalized mobilities in terms of the Oseen tensor and the static structure factors (convolution integral). The random phase approximation was used to express the interacting system static structure factors. A concentration blob concept allows the incorporation of hydrodynamic interaction inside each blob. Specific cases are discussed.
RP HAMMOUDA, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BLDG 235,ROOM E151,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD AUG 30
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 18
BP 4800
EP 4804
DI 10.1021/ma00070a011
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LV540
UT WOS:A1993LV54000011
ER

PT J
AU MARTE, P
   DUM, R
   TAIEB, R
   LETT, PD
   ZOLLER, P
AF MARTE, P
   DUM, R
   TAIEB, R
   LETT, PD
   ZOLLER, P
TI QUANTUM WAVE-FUNCTION SIMULATION OF THE RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE-SPECTRUM
   FROM ONE-DIMENSIONAL OPTICAL MOLASSES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; DISSIPATIVE PROCESSES; ATOMIC MOTION
AB Using recently developed quantum wave function techniques, we have performed a simulation of Rb-85 atoms in a one-dimensional optical molasses, formed from counterpropagating laser beams with orthogonal linear polarizations. Both internal and external degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically in one dimension and the spectrum of resonance fluorescence is calculated and compared to recent experiments. Excellent agreement is obtained for the spectrum and additional insight is gained into the experimental evidence for quantized motion in the optical potentials.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MARTE, P (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014
OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505
NR 18
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 30
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 9
BP 1335
EP 1338
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1335
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LU913
UT WOS:A1993LU91300012
ER

PT J
AU LEWENSTEIN, M
   YOU, L
AF LEWENSTEIN, M
   YOU, L
TI PROBING BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSED ATOMS WITH SHORT LASER-PULSES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID 2-LEVEL SYSTEM DRIVEN; RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; SMOOTH PULSE; HYDROGEN;
   SCATTERING; SPECTRA; FIELD
AB We propose a method of probing a system of cooled atoms in a trap using short laser pulses. Above the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation such a system scatters very weakly. Coherent scattering occurs primarily in the forward direction. Below the critical temperature, the number of scattered photons increases dramatically and the scattered light is emitted in the solid angle determined by the size of the condensate.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   POLISH AKAD NAUK,CENTRUM FIZ TEORET,PL-02668 WARSAW,POLAND.
RP LEWENSTEIN, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014
OI Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800
NR 19
TC 72
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 30
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 9
BP 1339
EP 1342
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1339
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LU913
UT WOS:A1993LU91300013
ER

PT J
AU LAYTON, EG
AF LAYTON, EG
TI THE FOURIER-GRID FORMALISM - PHILOSOPHY AND APPLICATION TO SCATTERING
   PROBLEMS USING R-MATRIX THEORY
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOUND-STATE EIGENVALUES; HAMILTONIAN METHOD; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION;
   EIGENFUNCTIONS; MULTIPHOTON
AB The Fourier-grid (FG) method is a recent L2 variational treatment of the quantum mechanical eigenvalue problem that does not require the use of a set of basis functions; it is rather a discrete variable representation approach. In this article we restate the FG philosophy in more general terms, examine and compare this method with other approaches to the eigenvalue problem, and begin the development of an FG R-matrix method for scattering. The philosophy of the FG method is to use the simplest representation for each of the kinetic and potential energy operators of the Hamiltonian, and use a generalized Fourier transform to put the matrix elements of one of the above operators in the same representation as the other, so the Hamiltonian has a single representation. Thus, the Hamiltonian is represented at discrete points in either configuration or its reciprocal space. In examining the method, we find that its errors arise from the finite grid size and grid spacing; however, it is not encumbered by the symmetry of a reference Hamiltonian as are basis function methods so that it is possible for the FG method to give a better description of the Hamiltonian and a better fit of the wavefunctions when the symmetry of the reference Hamiltonian breaks down. This is borne out in this, the first detailed comparison of the FG and linear variational basis set (LVBS) method. The LVBS method, using an harmonic oscillator basis set, initially outperforms the FG method in obtaining the properties of low-lying Morse oscillator eigenstates. Once a sufficient grid spacing is employed, however, the FG method is able to obtain properties of even the highest-lying eigenstates and with very high precision, something which the LVBS is unable to do. Finally, we present a FG formulation of the Wigner-Eisenbud R-matrix theory of scattering, in which the FG formalism rather than a basis set formalism is employed to solve the eigenvalue problem inside the R-matrix boundaries. An example is given for potential scattering, and the resulting phase shifts are compared with the numerically exact quantities.
RP LAYTON, EG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA.
NR 23
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 5
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD AUG 28
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 16
BP 2501
EP 2522
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/26/16/008
PG 22
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LV951
UT WOS:A1993LV95100008
ER

PT J
AU LAYTON, EG
   STADE, E
AF LAYTON, EG
   STADE, E
TI GENERALIZED FOURIER-GRID R-MATRIX THEORY - A DISCRETE
   FOURIER-RICCATI-BESSEL TRANSFORM APPROACH
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID HAMILTONIAN METHOD
AB We present the latest developments in the Fourier-grid R-matrix theory of scattering. These developments are based on the generalized Fourier-grid formalism and use a new type of extended discrete Fourier transform: the discrete Fourier-Riccati-Bessel transform. We apply this new R-matrix approach to problems of potential scattering, to demonstrate how this method reduces computational effort by incorporating centrifugal effects into the representation. As this technique is quite new, we have hopes to broaden the formalism to many types of problems.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MATH,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP LAYTON, EG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Stade, Eric/C-5227-2012
NR 11
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD AUG 28
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 16
BP L489
EP L494
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/26/16/001
PG 6
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LV951
UT WOS:A1993LV95100001
ER

PT J
AU WEBSTER, CR
   MAY, RD
   TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   ANDERSON, JG
   NEWMAN, P
   LAIT, L
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   ELKINS, JW
   CHAN, KR
AF WEBSTER, CR
   MAY, RD
   TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   ANDERSON, JG
   NEWMAN, P
   LAIT, L
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   ELKINS, JW
   CHAN, KR
TI CHLORINE CHEMISTRY ON POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD PARTICLES IN THE ARCTIC
   WINTER
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC OZONE; TRACE GASES; VORTEX; HCL; DENITRIFICATION; ATMOSPHERE;
   CL2O2; DIMER; HOLE; HNO3
AB Simultaneous in situ measurements of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chlorine monoxide (ClO) in the Arctic winter vortex showed large HCl losses, of up to 1 part per billion by volume (ppbv), which were correlated with high ClO levels of up to 1.4 ppbv. Air parcel trajectory analysis identified that this conversion of inorganic chlorine occurred at air temperatures of less than 196 +/- 4 kelvin. High ClO was always accompanied by loss of HCl mixing ratios equal to 1/2(ClO + 2Cl2O2).  These data indicate that the heterogeneous reaction HCl + ClONO2 --> Cl2 + HNO3 on particles of polar stratospheric clouds establishes the chlorine partitioning, which, contrary to earlier notions, begins with an excess of ClONO2, not HCl.
C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT GEOSCI,IRVINE,CA 92717.
   HARVARD UNIV,ATMOSPHER RES PROJECT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
   NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
   NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP WEBSTER, CR (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,MS 183-401,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA.
RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012
OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508
NR 42
TC 140
Z9 140
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 27
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5125
BP 1130
EP 1134
DI 10.1126/science.261.5125.1130
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU586
UT WOS:A1993LU58600020
PM 17790344
ER

PT J
AU TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   LAIT, LR
   NEWMAN, PA
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   FAHEY, DW
   WOODBRIDGE, EL
   ANDERSON, JG
AF TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   LAIT, LR
   NEWMAN, PA
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   FAHEY, DW
   WOODBRIDGE, EL
   ANDERSON, JG
TI THE SEASONAL EVOLUTION OF REACTIVE CHLORINE IN THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE
   STRATOSPHERE
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB In situ measurements of chlorine monoxide (ClO) at mid- and high northern latitudes are reported for the period 1991 to February 1992. As early as mid-December and throughout the winter, significant enhancements of this ozone-destroying radical were observed within the polar vortex shortly after temperatures dropped below 195 k. Decreases in ClO observed in February were consistent with the rapid formation of chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) by recombination of ClO with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) released photochemically from nitric acid (HNO3). Outside the vortex, ClO abundances were higher than in previous years as a result of NO(x) suppression by heterogeneous reactions on sulfate aerosols enhanced by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
RP TOOHEY, DW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT GEOSCI,IRVINE,CA 92717, USA.
RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Fahey,
   David/G-4499-2013
OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508;
   Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 18
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 27
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5125
BP 1134
EP 1136
DI 10.1126/science.261.5125.1134
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU586
UT WOS:A1993LU58600021
PM 17790345
ER

PT J
AU WILSON, JC
   JONSSON, HH
   BROCK, CA
   TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   BAUMGARDNER, D
   DYE, JE
   POOLE, LR
   WOODS, DC
   DECOURSEY, RJ
   OSBORN, M
   PITTS, MC
   KELLY, KK
   CHAN, KR
   FERRY, GV
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   WEAVER, A
AF WILSON, JC
   JONSSON, HH
   BROCK, CA
   TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   BAUMGARDNER, D
   DYE, JE
   POOLE, LR
   WOODS, DC
   DECOURSEY, RJ
   OSBORN, M
   PITTS, MC
   KELLY, KK
   CHAN, KR
   FERRY, GV
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   WEAVER, A
TI IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS OF AEROSOL AND CHLORINE MONOXIDE AFTER THE 1991
   ERUPTION OF MOUNT-PINATUBO - EFFECT OF REACTIONS ON SULFATE AEROSOL
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID EL-CHICHON; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; N2O5; CHEMISTRY;
   LARAMIE; SUMMER; CLOUD; SO2
AB Highly resolved aerosol size distributions measured from high-altitude aircraft can be used to describe the effect of the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo on the stratospheric aerosol. In some air masses, aerosol mass mixing ratios increased by factors exceeding 100 and aerosol surface area concentrations increased by factors of 30 or more. Increases in aerosol surface area concentration were accompanied by increases in chlorine monoxide at mid-latitudes when confounding factors were controlled. This observation supports the assertion that reactions occurring on the aerosol can increase the fraction of stratospheric chlorine that occurs in ozone-destroying forms.
C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT GEOSCI,IRVINE,CA 92717.
   HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
   NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23681.
   SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,HAMPTON,VA 23666.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP WILSON, JC (reprint author), UNIV DENVER,DEPT ENGN,DENVER,CO 80208, USA.
RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008
OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068
NR 27
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 27
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5125
BP 1140
EP 1143
DI 10.1126/science.261.5125.1140
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU586
UT WOS:A1993LU58600023
PM 17790347
ER

PT J
AU NEWMAN, P
   LAIT, LR
   SCHOEBERL, M
   NASH, ER
   KELLY, K
   FAHEY, DW
   NAGATANI, R
   TOOHEY, D
   AVALLONE, L
   ANDERSON, J
AF NEWMAN, P
   LAIT, LR
   SCHOEBERL, M
   NASH, ER
   KELLY, K
   FAHEY, DW
   NAGATANI, R
   TOOHEY, D
   AVALLONE, L
   ANDERSON, J
TI STRATOSPHERIC METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN THE ARCTIC POLAR VORTEX, 1991
   TO 1992
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID AIR
AB Stratospheric meteorological conditions during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) presented excellent observational opportunities from Bangor, Maine, because the polar vortex was located over southeastern Canada for significant periods during the 1991-1992 winter. Temperature analyses showed that nitric acid trihydrates (NAT temperatures below 195 k) should have formed over small regions in early December. The temperatures in the polar vortex warmed beyond NAT temperatures by late January (earlier than normal). Perturbed chemistry was found to be associated with these cold temperatures.
C1 APPL RES CORP,LANDOVER,MD 20785.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
   UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT GEOSCI,IRVINE,CA 92717.
   HARVARD UNIV,ATMOSPHER RES PROJECT,ENGN SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
RP NEWMAN, P (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA.
RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Fahey,
   David/G-4499-2013
OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508;
   Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 27
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 27
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5125
BP 1143
EP 1146
DI 10.1126/science.261.5125.1143
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU586
UT WOS:A1993LU58600024
PM 17790348
ER

PT J
AU SALAWITCH, RJ
   WOFSY, SC
   GOTTLIEB, EW
   LAIT, LR
   NEWMAN, PA
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   STRAHAN, SE
   PROFFITT, MH
   WEBSTER, CR
   MAY, RD
   FAHEY, DW
   BAUMGARDNER, D
   DYE, JE
   WILSON, JC
   KELLY, KK
   ELKINS, JW
   CHAN, KR
   ANDERSON, JG
AF SALAWITCH, RJ
   WOFSY, SC
   GOTTLIEB, EW
   LAIT, LR
   NEWMAN, PA
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   STRAHAN, SE
   PROFFITT, MH
   WEBSTER, CR
   MAY, RD
   FAHEY, DW
   BAUMGARDNER, D
   DYE, JE
   WILSON, JC
   KELLY, KK
   ELKINS, JW
   CHAN, KR
   ANDERSON, JG
TI CHEMICAL LOSS OF OZONE IN THE ARCTIC POLAR VORTEX IN THE WINTER OF
   1991-1992
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTARCTIC OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC CLOUDS; INSITU OBSERVATIONS; DEPLETION;
   CHLORINE; LATITUDE; HNO3; N2O5; TRENDS; CL2O2
AB In situ measurements of chlorine monoxide, bromine monoxide, and ozone are extrapolated globally, with the use of meteorological tracers, to infer the loss rates for ozone in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition II (AASE II) in the winter of 1991-1992. The analysis indicates removal of 15 to 20 percent of ambient ozone because of elevated concentrations of chlorine monoxide and bromine monoxide. Observations during AASE II define rates of removal of chlorine monoxide attributable to reaction with nitrogen dioxide (produced by photolysis of nitric acid) and to production of hydrochloric acid. Ozone loss ceased in March as concentrations of chlorine monoxide declined.  Ozone losses could approach 50 percent if regeneration of nitrogen dioxide were inhibited by irreversible removal of nitrogen oxides (denitrification), as presently observed in the Antarctic, or without denitrification if inorganic chlorine concentrations were to double.
C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
   NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
   JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
   UNIV DENVER,DEPT ENGN,DENVER,CO 80208.
   NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
RP SALAWITCH, RJ (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Strahan,
   Susan/H-1965-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508;
   Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 54
TC 107
Z9 107
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 27
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5125
BP 1146
EP 1149
DI 10.1126/science.261.5125.1146
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU586
UT WOS:A1993LU58600025
PM 17790349
ER

PT J
AU PROFFITT, MH
   AIKIN, K
   MARGITAN, JJ
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   WEAVER, A
   CHAN, KR
   FAST, H
   ELKINS, JW
AF PROFFITT, MH
   AIKIN, K
   MARGITAN, JJ
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   WEAVER, A
   CHAN, KR
   FAST, H
   ELKINS, JW
TI OZONE LOSS INSIDE THE NORTHERN POLAR VORTEX DURING THE 1991-1992 WINTER
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID INSITU ER-2 DATA; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ANTARCTIC VORTEX; NITROUS-OXIDE;
   DESTRUCTION; AIRCRAFT; TRENDS; HOLE; LATITUDE; EVOLUTION
AB Measurements made in the outer ring of the northern polar vortex from October 1991 through March 1992 reveal an altitude-dependent change in ozone, with a decrease at the bottom of the vortex and a substantial increase at the highest altitudes accessible to measurement. The increase is the result of ozone-rich air entering the vortex, and the decrease reflects ozone loss accumulated after the descent of the air through high concentrations of reactive chlorine. The depleted air that is released out of the bottom of the vortex is sufficient to significantly reduce column ozone at mid-latitudes.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
   ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV,DOWNSVIEW M3H 5T4,ON,CANADA.
   NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
   NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP PROFFITT, MH (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013
NR 43
TC 97
Z9 97
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 27
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5125
BP 1150
EP 1154
DI 10.1126/science.261.5125.1150
PG 5
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU586
UT WOS:A1993LU58600026
PM 17790350
ER

PT J
AU ELKINS, JW
   THOMPSON, TM
   SWANSON, TH
   BUTLER, JH
   HALL, BD
   CUMMINGS, SO
   FISHER, DA
   RAFFO, AG
AF ELKINS, JW
   THOMPSON, TM
   SWANSON, TH
   BUTLER, JH
   HALL, BD
   CUMMINGS, SO
   FISHER, DA
   RAFFO, AG
TI DECREASE IN THE GROWTH-RATES OF ATMOSPHERIC CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-11 AND
   CHLOROFLUOROCARBON-12
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE GASES; OZONE; CHLORINE; STRATOSPHERE; LATITUDES; DIOXIDE; CCL2F2;
   CCL3F; MODEL
AB THE discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole1 in 1985 led to international efforts to reduce emissions of ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons2. These efforts culminated in the Montreal Protocol3 and its subsequent amendments, which called for the elimination of CFC production by 1996. Here we focus on CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-12 (CCl2F2), which are used for refrigeration, air conditioning and the production of aerosols and foams4, and which together make up about half of the total abundance of stratospheric organic chlorine5. We report a significant recent decrease in the atmospheric growth rates of these two species, based on measurements spanning the past 15 years and latitudes ranging from 83-degrees-N to 90-degrees-S. This is consistent with CFC-producers' own estimates of reduced emissions6,7.  If the atmospheric growth rates of these two species continue to slow in line with predicted changes in industrial emissions, global atmospheric mixing ratios will reach a maximum before the turn of the century, and then begin to decline.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   DUPONT CO INC,DIV SCI COMP,CENT RES & DEV,WILMINGTON,DE 19880.
   DUPONT CO INC,DIV FLUOROCHEM,WILMINGTON,DE 19898.
RP ELKINS, JW (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 37
TC 202
Z9 202
U1 0
U2 9
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD AUG 26
PY 1993
VL 364
IS 6440
BP 780
EP 783
DI 10.1038/364780a0
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LU581
UT WOS:A1993LU58100048
ER

PT J
AU LIU, SX
   JI, XH
   GILLILAND, GL
   STEVENS, WJ
   ARMSTRONG, RN
AF LIU, SX
   JI, XH
   GILLILAND, GL
   STEVENS, WJ
   ARMSTRONG, RN
TI 2ND-SPHERE ELECTROSTATIC EFFECTS IN THE ACTIVE-SITE OF
   GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE - OBSERVATION OF AN ON-FACE HYDROGEN-BOND
   BETWEEN THE SIDE-CHAIN OF THREONINE-13 AND THE PI-CLOUD OF TYROSINE-6
   AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CATALYSIS
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; RESOLUTION; MECHANISM; COMPLEX; PROTEIN
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   UNIV MARYLAND,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
   MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV BIOTECHNOL INST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012
OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514
NR 17
TC 61
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 25
PY 1993
VL 115
IS 17
BP 7910
EP 7911
DI 10.1021/ja00070a060
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LW560
UT WOS:A1993LW56000060
ER

PT J
AU CUNNINGHAM, CE
   PARK, GS
   CABRERA, B
   HUBER, ME
AF CUNNINGHAM, CE
   PARK, GS
   CABRERA, B
   HUBER, ME
TI NOISE-REDUCTION IN LOW-FREQUENCY SQUID MEASUREMENTS WITH LASER-DRIVEN
   SWITCHING
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTING SWITCH
AB We have developed a technique to modulate the input to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) using a very low noise double-pole, double-throw switching network. This network is composed of four niobium microbridges that are driven normal in pairs by pulses of laser light. An input signal is modulated at a frequency above the 1/f noise regime, amplified by the SQUID, and subsequently demodulated to obtain an output in which the excess low-frequency SQUID noise has been removed. With this technique, we have reduced the low-frequency noise by an order of magnitude in energy over measurements made without this technique.
C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011
NR 8
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 23
PY 1993
VL 63
IS 8
BP 1152
EP 1154
DI 10.1063/1.109808
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LU095
UT WOS:A1993LU09500046
ER

PT J
AU WOICIK, JC
   KENDELEWICZ, T
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   MIYANO, KE
   COWAN, PL
   BOULDIN, CE
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
AF WOICIK, JC
   KENDELEWICZ, T
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   MIYANO, KE
   COWAN, PL
   BOULDIN, CE
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
TI IN/SI(111)-ROOT-3X-ROOT-3 INTERFACE - AN UNRELAXED T(4) GEOMETRY
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SURFACE
AB Back reflection x-ray standing waves and surface extended x-ray absorption fine structure have determined the atomic coordinates (i.e., the perpendicular displacement and the near-neighbor bond lengths) at the In/Si(111)-square-root 3 x square-root 3 interface. Although the In adatoms are found to reside at a single position, 2.10 +/- 0.06 angstrom above the first Si bilayer, dual In-Si near-neighbor distances are found: 2.73 +/- 0.02 angstrom to the first- and 2.49 +/- 0.03 angstrom to the second-layer Si atoms, respectively. Contrary to the accepted model, our data suggest that the T4 geometry is not relaxed.
C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305.
   TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 15
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 23
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 8
BP 1204
EP 1207
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1204
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LU280
UT WOS:A1993LU28000022
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, DT
AF SMITH, DT
TI CHARGE-TRANSFER-INDUCED ADHESION
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 15
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201027
ER

PT J
AU RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI HOW LONG DO MOLECULES LIVE IN THE ATMOSPHERE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 21
EP PHYS
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32200773
ER

PT J
AU STEIN, SE
AF STEIN, SE
TI AN OPTIMIZED MASS-SPECTRAL LIBRARY SEARCH SYSTEM
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NIST MASS SPECTROMETRY DATA CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 24
EP CINF
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32100946
ER

PT J
AU COXON, B
   POZSGAY, V
   GLAUDEMANS, CPJ
   ROBBINS, JB
   SCHNEERSON, R
AF COXON, B
   POZSGAY, V
   GLAUDEMANS, CPJ
   ROBBINS, JB
   SCHNEERSON, R
TI THE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES THAT CAN RECOGNIZE A MONOCLONAL
   ANTI-SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1 ANTIBODY
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
   NIDDKD,BETHESDA,MD 20892.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 32
EP CARB
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32100528
ER

PT J
AU SCHAFFER, R
AF SCHAFFER, R
TI ISOTOPIC SUGARS AT NBS - ISBELL AND LATER
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 39
EP CARB
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32100534
ER

PT J
AU PAUL, RL
   LINDSTROM, RM
AF PAUL, RL
   LINDSTROM, RM
TI MEASUREMENT OF HYDROGEN BY COLD NEUTRON-CAPTURE PROMPT GAMMA-RAY
   ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 46
EP ANYL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32100383
ER

PT J
AU TRAVIS, JC
   TURK, GC
AF TRAVIS, JC
   TURK, GC
TI DETECTION OF LASER-PRODUCED IONS IN ATMOSPHERIC PLASMAS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 81
EP ANYL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32100417
ER

PT J
AU MURPHY, DM
   THOMSON, DS
   KALYUZHNY, M
AF MURPHY, DM
   THOMSON, DS
   KALYUZHNY, M
TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE COMPOSITION OF SINGLE AEROSOL-PARTICLES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NOAA,AERONOMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012
OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 152
EP ANYL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32100488
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, AL
   LI, D
   HUI, YW
   KING, B
   ZIMMERMAN, G
AF SMITH, AL
   LI, D
   HUI, YW
   KING, B
   ZIMMERMAN, G
TI C-60 FULLERENE - NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE OF SOLUBILITY, HEAT OF
   COMBUSTION, AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE GAS-PHASE ULTRAVIOLET-ABSORPTION
   SPECTRUM
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   DREXEL UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 152
EP PHYS
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32200904
ER

PT J
AU DADMUN, MD
   MUTHUKUMAR, M
AF DADMUN, MD
   MUTHUKUMAR, M
TI THE PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF A SEMIFLEXIBLE LIQUID-CRYSTAL NEAR AN ADSORBING
   SURFACE
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 164
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201176
ER

PT J
AU BAUER, BJ
   HAMMOUDA, B
   BRIBER, RM
AF BAUER, BJ
   HAMMOUDA, B
   BRIBER, RM
TI SANS FROM SOLUTIONS OF LARGE DENDRIMER MOLECULES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   MICHIGAN MOLEC INST,MIDLAND,MI 48640.
   UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742.
RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012
OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 169
EP PMSE
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201621
ER

PT J
AU COLLISON, ME
   TARLOV, MJ
   PLANT, AL
AF COLLISON, ME
   TARLOV, MJ
   PLANT, AL
TI DESIGN OF BIOSENSOR INTERFACES USING MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY PHENOMENA
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 220
EP COLL
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32101249
ER

PT J
AU NAKATANI, AI
   DOUGLAS, JF
   BAN, YB
   HAN, CC
AF NAKATANI, AI
   DOUGLAS, JF
   BAN, YB
   HAN, CC
TI A NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF SHEAR-INDUCED TURBIDITY IN POLYSTYRENE
   DIOCTYL PHTHALATE SOLUTIONS AT HIGH-SHEAR RATES
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 246
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201258
ER

PT J
AU NAKATANI, AI
   MORRISON, FA
   MAYS, JW
   MUTHUKUMAR, M
   HAN, CC
AF NAKATANI, AI
   MORRISON, FA
   MAYS, JW
   MUTHUKUMAR, M
   HAN, CC
TI TIME-DEPENDENT SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING BEHAVIOR IN TRIBLOCK
   COPOLYMERS UNDER STEADY SHEAR
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,AMHERST,MA 01003.
   NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CHEM,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294.
   MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,HOUGHTON,MI 49931.
RI Morrison, Faith/G-2996-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 278
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201290
ER

PT J
AU DOZIER, WD
   PEIFFER, DG
   LIN, MY
   RABEONY, M
   THIYAGARAJAN, P
   AGRAWAL, G
   WOOL, RP
AF DOZIER, WD
   PEIFFER, DG
   LIN, MY
   RABEONY, M
   THIYAGARAJAN, P
   AGRAWAL, G
   WOOL, RP
TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING AND NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY STUDY OF A
   MODEL GRAFT COPOLYMER
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801.
   NIST,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60927.
   EXXON RES & ENGN CO,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 316
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201328
ER

PT J
AU LECHNER, JA
   MARTIN, JW
AF LECHNER, JA
   MARTIN, JW
TI MODELING AND MEASURING ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION TO PREDICT DAMAGE TO
   MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 356
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201367
ER

PT J
AU MORRISON, FA
   MAYS, JW
   NAKATANI, A
   HAN, CC
AF MORRISON, FA
   MAYS, JW
   NAKATANI, A
   HAN, CC
TI FLOW-INDUCED EFFECTS IN A MICROPHASE-SEPARATED STYRENE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE
   TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,HOUGHTON,MI 49931.
   UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT CHEM,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294.
RI Morrison, Faith/G-2996-2011
NR 2
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 412
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201423
ER

PT J
AU THAYER, JS
   BRINCKMAN, FE
AF THAYER, JS
   BRINCKMAN, FE
TI REDUCTION OF AQUEOUS TETRACHLOROAURATE ION BY VARIOUS ORGANOMETALLIC
   COMPOUNDS
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 429
EP INOR
PN 1
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP321
UT WOS:A1993LP32102249
ER

PT J
AU DADMUN, MD
   HAN, CC
AF DADMUN, MD
   HAN, CC
TI A NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDY OF A LYOTROPIC POLYMER UNDER SHEAR NEAR THE
   GEL POINT
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD AUG 22
PY 1993
VL 206
BP 444
EP POLY
PN 2
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LP322
UT WOS:A1993LP32201455
ER

PT J
AU PALMER, AJ
AF PALMER, AJ
TI DELTA-K LIDAR ACOUSTIC SOUNDING OF THE ATMOSPHERE
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FREQUENCY; SURFACE; RADAR
AB A new remote sensing method for temperature sounding of the atmosphere is put forward. The method is based on the DELTAk-lidar technique, and it detects the modulation of atmospheric lidar backscatter induced by an acoustic wave transmitted collinearly with the lidar. The method is examined as a possible means to extend the range and versatility of atmospheric temperature profiling beyond the limits of the radioacoustic sounding method. Performance estimates are carried out which suggest that the method may be feasible for atmospheric temperature profiling to ranges approaching 10 km.
RP PALMER, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, ENVIRONM RES LABS, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD AUG 20
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 24
BP 4552
EP 4556
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LR786
UT WOS:A1993LR78600013
PM 20830117
ER

PT J
AU FREHLICH, RG
AF FREHLICH, RG
TI OPTIMAL LOCAL OSCILLATOR FIELD FOR A MONOSTATIC COHERENT LASER-RADAR
   WITH A CIRCULAR APERTURE
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LIDAR RETURNS; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; TRUNCATION
AB The optimal local oscillator (LO) field for maximum coherent laser radar power (or signal-to-noise ratio) of a monostatic coherent laser radar with a circular aperture is calculated for various radially symmetric transmitter laser fields (Gaussian and unstable resonator), assuming a diffuse or aerosol target. The optimal field is essentially identical with previous designs based on a Gaussian field for the LO. The secondary optics that will produce these optimal LO fields is described.
RP FREHLICH, RG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NR 20
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD AUG 20
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 24
BP 4569
EP 4577
PG 9
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LR786
UT WOS:A1993LR78600015
PM 20830119
ER

PT J
AU ARAV, N
   BEGELMAN, MC
AF ARAV, N
   BEGELMAN, MC
TI INTERACTION OF A JET WITH A RADIATION PRESSURE DOMINATED ATMOSPHERE -
   THE CASE OF SS-433
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE HYDRODYNAMICS; RADIATION MECHANISMS, MISCELLANEOUS; STARS, INDIVIDUAL
   (SS-433); STARS, NEUTRON
ID NEUTRON-STARS; SS433; ACCRETION; VISCOSITY; EMISSION; MODELS
AB We investigate the scenario in  which SS 433 is a neutron star surrounded by a dense accreted atmosphere. In this picture the jets are created close to the neutron star surface and then propagate through the radiation pressure-dominated atmosphere. Our work focuses on the interaction of such a jet with this atmosphere. The treatment can be generalized straightforwardly to jet parameters other than those of SS 433.
   The main results are as follows. (1) A boundary layer (BL) due to radiation viscosity is formed between the jet and the surrounding medium. The width of this BL grows faster than the width of the jet, as a function of the distance along the flow. The density inside the BL is determined roughly by an equipartition between kinetic energy and internal energy. Once the flow is highly supersonic, the equipartition requirement makes the BL density much smaller than the density of the jet. Thus, the BL can be visualized as a cocoon of low-density matter around the jet. Due to its low density, the cocoon prevents significant mass entrainment into the jet. (2) Radiation-viscous effects cease to be important where the BL becomes optically thin sideways, which is also the place where the jet changes its behavior from adiabatic expansion to a ballistic (coasting) flow.- Further along the jet, the cocoon has a constant opening angle. (3) The final opening angle of the cocoon (theta(c)) is at least several times larger than the final opening angle of the jet; theta(c) is independent of the densities of the jet or the surroundings, or of the pressure, and scales as v/c, where v is the velocity of the jet and c is the speed of light. (4) The cocoon funnels a sizable X-ray flux in the direction of the jet. Under favorable conditions, this flux can power the optical line emission from the jets. Because the jet axis is relatively close to the plane of the sky, the observed X-ray flux associated with the cocoon does not exceed experimental limits. The expected X-ray color temperature more or less agrees with fits to observations. (5) Due to its low density, the gas in the cocoon contributes little to the line emission from SS 433. Therefore, it is easier to explain why the velocity along the cross section of the jet is almost constant, as inferred from studies of the line profiles.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP ARAV, N (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 34
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD AUG 20
PY 1993
VL 413
IS 2
BP 700
EP 709
DI 10.1086/173038
PN 1
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LT200
UT WOS:A1993LT20000024
ER

PT J
AU PARRISH, DD
   HAHN, CJ
   WILLIAMS, EJ
   NORTON, RB
   FEHSENFELD, FC
   SINGH, HB
   SHETTER, JD
   GANDRUD, BW
   RIDLEY, BA
AF PARRISH, DD
   HAHN, CJ
   WILLIAMS, EJ
   NORTON, RB
   FEHSENFELD, FC
   SINGH, HB
   SHETTER, JD
   GANDRUD, BW
   RIDLEY, BA
TI INDICATIONS OF PHOTOCHEMICAL HISTORIES OF PACIFIC AIR MASSES FROM
   MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC TRACE SPECIES AT POINT-ARENA, CALIFORNIA -
   REPLY
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Note
ID HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERE
C1 NAT CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   NASA,AMES RES CTR,DIV EARTH SYST SCI,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
RP PARRISH, DD (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013
OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; 
NR 12
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 2
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD AUG 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D8
BP 14995
EP 14997
DI 10.1029/93JD01416
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LU595
UT WOS:A1993LU59500021
ER

PT J
AU OPANSKY, BJ
   SEAKINS, PW
   PEDERSEN, JOP
   LEONE, SR
AF OPANSKY, BJ
   SEAKINS, PW
   PEDERSEN, JOP
   LEONE, SR
TI KINETICS OF THE REACTION C2H+O2 FROM 193 TO 350-K USING LASER FLASH
   KINETIC INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID RATE-CONSTANT MEASUREMENTS; ACETYLENE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY;
   PHOTODISSOCIATION; ATMOSPHERE; PHOTOLYSIS; RADICALS; C2H2;
   DISTRIBUTIONS; VINYLIDENE
AB Rate coefficients for the reaction C2H + O2 are measured from 193 to 350 K by using transient absorption spectroscopy with an infrared color center laser. Ethynyl radicals are produced by pulsed laser photolysis of C2H2 in a temperature variable flow cell and a tunable color center laser probes the transient removal Of C2H (X2SIGMA+(0,0,0)) in absorption. The rate coefficient has a slight negative temperature dependence over the range 193-350 K which can be expressed as k(O2) = (1.5 +/- 0.3) X 10(-11) exp[(230 +/- 36)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The lack of a pressure dependence under our experimental conditions strongly suggests that the HCCOO* complex is short lived with respect to encountering a collision and rapidly dissociates to products without competition from collisional stabilization to HCCOO or collisionally induced dissociation to reactants.
C1 NIST JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 45
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD AUG 19
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 33
BP 8583
EP 8589
DI 10.1021/j100135a009
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LX144
UT WOS:A1993LX14400009
ER

PT J
AU TILFORD, CR
AF TILFORD, CR
TI VACUUM GAUGES AND PARTIAL-PRESSURE ANALYZERS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 7TH LATIN-AMERICAN SYMP ON SURFACE SCIENCE ( SLAFS7-CIACSAI )
CY NOV 15-20, 1992
CL BARILOCHE, ARGENTINA
ID CATHODE IONIZATION GAUGES; SPINNING ROTOR GAUGE; LONG-TERM STABILITY;
   HOT CATHODE; ZERO STABILITY; CALIBRATION
AB This paper briefly reviews the characteristics of several important vacuum instruments; capacitance diaphragm gauges, ionization gauges, spinning rotor gauges, and partial pressure or residual gas analysers.
RP TILFORD, CR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 25
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD AUG 16
PY 1993
VL 5
SU 33A
BP A81
EP A84
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/5/33A/008
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LV245
UT WOS:A1993LV24500009
ER

PT J
AU DIMARZIO, EA
AF DIMARZIO, EA
TI ADSORPTION OF A RING POLYMER ONTO A SURFACE
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID GLASS TEMPERATURE
AB The problem of a semiflexible polymer ring consisting of N monomers and constrained to walk among M parallel layers is solved in the lattice model approximation for various lattices. The monomer units of the ring can have arbitrary interaction energies with the surface DELTAepsilon(i) for layer i, and additionally, it can have an internal stiffness energy which is a function of the angle between contiguous bonds.
RP DIMARZIO, EA (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 10
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD AUG 16
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 17
BP 4613
EP 4616
DI 10.1021/ma00069a030
PG 4
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LT711
UT WOS:A1993LT71100030
ER

PT J
AU GEHRING, PM
   HIROTA, K
   MAJKRZAK, CF
   SHIRANE, G
AF GEHRING, PM
   HIROTA, K
   MAJKRZAK, CF
   SHIRANE, G
TI ORIGIN OF THE 2ND LENGTH SCALE ABOVE THE MAGNETIC-SPIRAL PHASE OF TB
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY-SCATTERING
AB High q-resolution neutron-scattering measurements of the critical scattering in Tb above the magnetic-spiral phase transition temperature T(s) exhibit a two-component line shape, as recently documented in Ho. This implies the existence of a second length scale. By using a narrow beam only 300 mum wide, and then translating the crystal through the beam, we have established that the origin of the second length scale lies within the near-surface volume or ''skin'' of the Tb crystal. This is manifested by a large enhancement of the scattering intensity at the c-axis face of the cube-shaped crystal.
C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973.
RP GEHRING, PM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008; 
OI Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046
NR 12
TC 65
Z9 65
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 16
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 7
BP 1087
EP 1090
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1087
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LR901
UT WOS:A1993LR90100035
ER

PT J
AU MCCARTY, S
   CHASTEEN, T
   MARSHALL, M
   FALL, R
   BACHOFEN, R
AF MCCARTY, S
   CHASTEEN, T
   MARSHALL, M
   FALL, R
   BACHOFEN, R
TI PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA PRODUCE VOLATILE, METHYLATED SULFUR AND
   SELENIUM-COMPOUNDS
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE PHOTOTROPHIC BACTERIA; VOLATILE ORGANIC SULFUR; VOLATILE ORGANIC
   SELENIUM; DIMETHYLSULFIDE
ID INDUCED CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION; SELENATE REDUCTION;
   ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; SEDIMENTS
AB Species of phototrophic non-sulfur bacteria produce methylated sulfur compounds, such as dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulfide. In the presence of selenium oxyanions, analogous organic selenium compounds are formed. These findings suggest that this group of bacteria contribute to the volatilization and biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and selenium.
C1 UNIV ZURICH,INST PLANT BIOL,ZOLLIKERSTR 107,CH-8008 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND.
   SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIV,HUNTSVILLE,TX.
   UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI Chasteen, Thomas/B-6601-2009
NR 11
TC 25
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1097
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT
JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 112
IS 1
BP 93
EP 97
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA LV588
UT WOS:A1993LV58800016
ER

PT J
AU KAWAGUCHI, K
   MOSER, HG
AF KAWAGUCHI, K
   MOSER, HG
TI DEVELOPMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE EARLY-LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF THE
   MESOPELAGIC FISH TACTOSTOMA-MACROPUS (STOMIIDAE) IN THE TRANSITIONAL
   WATERS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC
SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MIGRATION; OREGON
AB The early life history stages of the mesopelagic fish. Tactostoma macropus (Stomiidae), were described from eggs to juveniles based on specimens collected in the subarctic and transitional waters of the North Pacific. The eggs are pelagic and may be distinguished from those of other species that inhabit subarctic and transitional waters of the North Pacific by the following characters: 1 ) egg large with a shell diameter of 1.38-1.55 mm, 2) wide perivitelline space occupying 40-47% of shell diameter, 3) smooth transparent shell, 4) lack of secondary inner membrane, 5) segmented yolk, and 6) single oil globule. Larvae are slender, ca. 4 mm notochord length (NL) in size at hatching and attain a large size; metamorphosis begins at ca. 40 mm standard length (SL) and is complete at ca. 50 mm SL. The larval pectoral fin degenerates during metamorphosis and is absent thereafter, The pigment pattern of larvae is unique, as is the sequence of formation and loss. Almost all body pigment disappears during metamorphosis.
   Distribution and occurrence patterns of eggs and larvae were analyzed in relation to the temperature, salinity fields and zooplankton abundance, mainly based on specimens collected on California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations cruises (1949-1984) in the California Current region. Although samples were limited in the western North Pacific, the distributional pattern off Japan was similar to that in the eastern Pacific. Eggs and larvae occur in the warmer shallow layer (ca. 14-18-degrees-C) above the seasonal thermocline in the subarctic and transitional waters with peak abundance in the summer.
C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038.
RP KAWAGUCHI, K (reprint author), UNIV TOKYO,OCEAN RES INST,1-15-1 MINAMIDAI,NAKANO KU,TOKYO 164,JAPAN.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 2
PU ICHTHYOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN
PI TOKYO
PA BUSINESS CENTER ACADEMIC SOC JAPAN, 5-16-9 HONKOMAGOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO
   113, JAPAN
SN 0021-5090
J9 JPN J ICHTHYOL
JI Jpn. J. Ichthyol.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 40
IS 2
BP 161
EP 172
PG 12
WC Fisheries; Zoology
SC Fisheries; Zoology
GA LR797
UT WOS:A1993LR79700003
ER

PT J
AU BERNSTEIN, B
   FONG, JT
AF BERNSTEIN, B
   FONG, JT
TI A NONEQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMIC THEORY OF VISCOPLASTIC MATERIALS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; ANISOTROPIC SURFACES; DEFORMATION; METALS
AB A nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory for predicting the mechanical behavior of materials beyond the elastic range is formulated. The theory incorporates the idea of a ''concealed'' parameter alpha, originally due to Bridgman [Rev. Mod. Phys. 22, 56 (1950)], where the constitutive equations are governed by (a) a thermodynamic potential such as a generalized Gibbs function, G, or Helmholtz free-energy function, F, each with an explicit dependence on alpha, and (b) a prescription for alpha, the time rate of change of alpha, such that alpha is directly proportional to the negative of G(alpha) or F(alpha), the partial derivative of G or F with respect to alpha, respectively. The theory is found to be consistent with (1) the second law of thermodynamics regarding entropy production; (2) the concept of Lyapunov stability at equilibrium; (3) the rule of invariance with respect to a transformation of parameters; and (4) the powerful law of invariance with respect to the Legendre transformation. Significance of the new formulation is discussed by solving a class of one-dimensional creep and fatigue modeling problems and by comparing the new theory with several similar approaches in the literature.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP BERNSTEIN, B (reprint author), IIT,DEPT MATH,CHICAGO,IL 60616, USA.
NR 25
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 4
BP 2220
EP 2228
DI 10.1063/1.354703
PG 9
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LT183
UT WOS:A1993LT18300011
ER

PT J
AU FRASER, GT
   PINE, AS
   DOMENECH, JL
   PATE, BH
AF FRASER, GT
   PINE, AS
   DOMENECH, JL
   PATE, BH
TI MOLECULAR-BEAM SPECTRUM OF THE 970 CM-1 FERMI TRIAD OF CF3CH3
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RESONANCE OPTOTHERMAL SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY;
   2-FLUOROETHANOL; MICROWAVE; ROTATION; 1,2-DIFLUOROETHANE; MATRICES;
   ROTOR
AB A tunable microwave-sideband CO2 laser is used with an electric-resonance optothermal spectrometer to investigate the infrared spectrum of CF3CH3 near 970 cm-1. A Fermi-coupled triad of states is observed, resulting from the interactions of 2nu6+nu11 and nu5+nu12 with the fundamental vibration, nu10, which is assumed to carry the oscillator strength in this region. The high resolution (approximately 3 MHz) of the spectrometer allows the observation of tunneling splittings associated with the nu6 torsional vibration. These splittings are used to identify the torsional character of the states observed. At the normal-mode level the nu10 and nu5 + nu12 states are found to be nearly degenerate and interacting by an anharmonic matrix element of approximately 3 cm-1. The lower-energy component of this diad exhibits torsional splittings of up to 400 MHz due to an anharmonic coupling of 0.70 cm-1 with the lower energy 2nu6+nu11 state which has an intrinsic tunneling splitting of approximately 800 MHz. A fourth state, 3nu6 + nu12, which has a still larger zeroth-order tunneling splitting, may also be affecting the torsional splittings of the observed states. The present investigation illustrates the utility of using resolved torsional splittings to unravel complex vibrational couplings in molecules.
RP FRASER, GT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Domenech, Jose/F-5561-2013
OI Domenech, Jose/0000-0001-8629-2566
NR 34
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 99
IS 4
BP 2396
EP 2404
DI 10.1063/1.465254
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LR056
UT WOS:A1993LR05600012
ER

PT J
AU SNYDER, RL
   THACKER, WC
   HASSELMANN, K
   HASSELMANN, S
   BARZEL, G
AF SNYDER, RL
   THACKER, WC
   HASSELMANN, K
   HASSELMANN, S
   BARZEL, G
TI IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EFFICIENT SCHEME FOR CALCULATING NONLINEAR TRANSFER
   FROM WAVE-WAVE INTERACTIONS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRUM; COMPUTATIONS
AB Nonlinear transfer from wave-wave interactions is an important term in the action-balance equation governing the evolution of the surface-gravity-wave field. Computation of this term, however, has hitherto been so consuming of computer resources that its full representation has not been feasible in nonparametric two-dimensional computer models of this equation. This paper describes the implementation of a hybrid computational scheme, incorporating a simplification first proposed by Thacker into the EXACT-NL Boltzmann integration scheme of Hasselmann and Hasselmann. This hybrid scheme retains EXACT-NL's symmetry, precision, and two-stage structure, but, by transferring a spectrum-independent preintegration from the second stage to the first, dramatically accelerates the resulting second-stage computation, enabling a relatively efficient and precise determination of nonlinear transfer in two-dimensional wave models. Physically, this preintegration collects together in single hybrid interactions multiple interactions belonging to identical spectral-band quadruplets. Thus all possible interactions are represented, and these interactions are represented in a uniquely efficient manner consistent with the spectral representation. We compute the coefficients in the resulting second-stage hybrid sum by essentially sorting and pre-summing the coefficients generated by a piecewise-constant first-stage EXACT-NL computation, using a variant of EXACT-NL that replaces the gather-scatter operations with a simpler bin-assignment procedure and employs a somewhat simpler set of integration variables. By exploiting the natural scaling of the integrand and partially pre-summing prior to sorting, we are able to further improve the efficiency of this computation for the deep-water case and to refine its integration-grid resolution almost to convergence. In wave-model computations of nonlinear transfer, vectorization on the spatial grid points of the model and selective truncation of the hybrid sum potentially reduce the working computation time for a single model time step to well under one Cray Y-MP single-processor CPU second per hundred grid points, while preserving a remarkably faithful representation of the full transfer.
C1 MAX PLANCK INST METEOROL,HAMBURG,GERMANY.
   ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149.
RP SNYDER, RL (reprint author), NOVA UNIV,CTR OCEANOG,DANIA,FL 33004, USA.
RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013
OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826
NR 18
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS C8
BP 14507
EP 14525
DI 10.1029/93JC00657
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LU551
UT WOS:A1993LU55100012
ER

PT J
AU GERDES, R
AF GERDES, R
TI A PRIMITIVE EQUATION OCEAN CIRCULATION MODEL USING A GENERAL VERTICAL
   COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION .1. DESCRIPTION AND TESTING OF THE MODEL
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID SIGMA
AB The ocean general circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory has been modified to accommodate a generalized vertical coordinate transformation. The model with a slightly modified sigma transformation (sigma = z/H) is applied to three simple test cases. A clear improvement of barotropic and baroclinic topographic Rossby waves has been achieved compared with the z-coordinate model. A somewhat more typical time-independent problem for the overflow of dense water masses over a zonal ridge exhibits the potential benefits as well as the flaws of the new model. Vertically integrated mass transport is very sensitive to changes in bottom slope in regions where planetary and topographic beta are of comparable magnitudes. This translates into large errors in the z model due to the crude approximation to the actual topography. The deep flow in the z model does not follow the bottom exactly. Horizontal overshoots of dense water lead to convective mixing on the southern side of the ridge. This can be a serious problem for modeling more realistic overflow situations with the z model. Increased diapycnal diffusion has been identified as the most serious problem with the terrain-following coordinate system for this specific application.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
NR 28
TC 65
Z9 66
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS C8
BP 14683
EP 14701
DI 10.1029/93JC00760
PG 19
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LU551
UT WOS:A1993LU55100023
ER

PT J
AU GERDES, R
AF GERDES, R
TI A PRIMITIVE EQUATION OCEAN CIRCULATION MODEL USING A GENERAL VERTICAL
   COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION .2. APPLICATION TO AN OVERFLOW PROBLEM
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID DENMARK STRAIT OVERFLOW; FAROE BANK CHANNEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; WORLD
   OCEAN; WATER; OUTFLOW; DRIVEN; SEAS
AB The version of the ocean general circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory with a generalized vertical coordinate transformation introduced in part 1 is used to study the overflow of a zonal ridge in a coarse-resolution grid typical for climate applications. The configuration roughly resembles the Greenland-Scotland Ridge with respect to scale, latitude, and height of the ridge. Reasonable qualitative agreement with observed conditions over the Iceland-Faroe section has been achieved, especially when a deeper passage was included at the eastern end of the idealized model ridge. Upwelling of deep water occurs at the eastern boundary, where friction and, more importantly, diapycnal diffusion accomplish the necessary changes in potential vorticity. The overflow consists of intermediate water when the renewal time for the deep water is made much larger than that for intermediate water. The meridional mass transport is most sensitive to geometric factors like the height of the ridge. Frictional and diapycnal processes are crucial for the potential vorticity conversion at the ridge and have a strong effect on the water mass distribution. Bottom friction increases the near-bottom flow across f/H lines, resulting in a large amount of northern basin deep water south of the ridge. This effect can be represented only when the frictional bottom boundary layer is adequately resolved by the numerical grid.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
NR 33
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS C8
BP 14703
EP 14726
DI 10.1029/93JC00788
PG 24
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LU551
UT WOS:A1993LU55100024
ER

PT J
AU HAMBA, F
AF HAMBA, F
TI A MODIFIED 1ST-ORDER MODEL FOR SCALAR DIFFUSION IN THE CONVECTIVE
   BOUNDARY-LAYER
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS; BOTTOM-UP DIFFUSION; PASSIVE-SCALAR; TOP-DOWN;
   STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; TRANSPORT; ASYMMETRY; CLOSURES; FLUX
AB A modified first-order model is proposed for scalar diffusion in the convective boundary layer. In addition to the eddy diffusivity term, the model includes a term proportional to the second derivative of the mean scalar. The coefficient of the new term is closely related to the skewness of the vertical velocity component and to the inhomogeneity of the turbulent field. The model is used to explain the difference in eddy diffusivity between the top-down and bottom-up diffusion as well as the countergradient transport of the bottom-up scalar. The model is different from the approach of top-down and bottom-up decomposition in the respect that the former does not assume a linear profile of scalar flux or does not depend on the ratio of the entrainment flux to the surface flux. Unlike a previous countergradient term, the proposed term does not need to be combined with the top-down and bottom-up decomposition. The model equation is numerically solved to obtain the scalar gradient profile for three types of scalar fluxes including a quadratic profile with respect to height. It is shown that results of the modified first-order model agree well with large-eddy simulation data. Results of the usual K model are very different from those of the modified first-order model in the upper half of the boundary layer. Numerical data or observations are required to determine profiles of two coefficients in the modified model. The profiles may vary from one turbulent flow to another. Further modeling of the coefficients is necessary to obtain a more general model.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 24
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 16
BP 2800
EP 2810
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2800:AMFOMF>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LV183
UT WOS:A1993LV18300014
ER

PT J
AU LIN, S
   LEDBETTER, H
AF LIN, S
   LEDBETTER, H
TI NITROGEN EFFECT OF ELASTIC-CONSTANTS OF FCC FE-18CR-19MN ALLOYS
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
   MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Article
ID STAINLESS-STEEL; CARBON
AB Previously, the authors studied effects of interstitial carbon-plus-nitrogen (C + N) on the elastic constants of f.c.c. Fe-18Cr-10Ni-1Mn alloys. Consistent with a volume increase, all the elastic stiffnesses decrease with increasing C + N. The present alloys show different behavior: although volume increases, interstitial nitrogen atoms increase the bulk modulus. The peculiar bulk-modulus-electron-concentration behavior (B vs. n(e)) of 3d electron elements is described. At first B increases with increasing n(e); beyond a critical concentration, B decreases rapidly. Application of Ducastelle's model (bandstructure and repulsion energies) shows that interstitial nitrogen increases the bandstructure contribution to the bulk modulus.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 167
IS 1-2
BP 81
EP 85
DI 10.1016/0921-5093(93)90340-K
PG 5
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
GA LU052
UT WOS:A1993LU05200011
ER

PT J
AU COPLEY, JRD
AF COPLEY, JRD
TI ACCEPTANCE DIAGRAM ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF MULTIDISK NEUTRON
   VELOCITY SELECTORS
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS
   SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
LA English
DT Article
AB Transmission and absorption properties of helical multidisk neutron velocity selectors can be calculated using the method of acceptance diagrams. In this approach neutron trajectories are characterized by a transverse spatial coordinate and by a coordinate that is linearly related to wavelength and angle relative to the selector axis. It is then possible to classify neutron trajectories according to the number of absorbing sectors that they cross within the selector. In this way we can determine the extent to which a given selector is successful in eliminating neutrons that get through the selector other than via one of the intended helical channels. We describe the design algorithm for selectors such as those in use at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and we discuss the properties of a selector built according to this algorithm. We also consider what happens when the direction of the neutron beam is reversed. The problem of optimizing the design of a multidisk velocity selector is briefly discussed.
RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 2
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-9002
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc.
   Equip.
PD AUG 15
PY 1993
VL 332
IS 3
BP 511
EP 520
DI 10.1016/0168-9002(93)90308-5
PG 10
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA LP281
UT WOS:A1993LP28100017
ER

PT J
AU BERKOVSKY, MA
   KELLEHER, D
   KURILENKOV, YK
   SKOWRONEK, M
AF BERKOVSKY, MA
   KELLEHER, D
   KURILENKOV, YK
   SKOWRONEK, M
TI FREE-FREE LIGHT-ABSORPTION IN STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID DENSE; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; CONDUCTIVITY; FREQUENCY; EMISSION; HOT
AB The light absorption coefficient is evaluated in strongly coupled plasmas. Analysis is based on the calculation of the dynamic collision frequency of electron-ion scattering. Under plasma conditions when electron scattering has quantum character, the Born approximation for screened electron-ion interaction is used. In the case of classical scattering non-Born corrections become essential at high frequencies. Interpolation formulas for the collision frequency and Gaunt factor are presented at intermediate frequencies. Theoretical calculations are compared with measurements of bremsstrahlung for dense Ar and Al plasmas and computer simulation data.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   CNRS,ER PLASMES DENSES,F-75230 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
RP BERKOVSKY, MA (reprint author), MOSCOW HIGH TEMP INST,IZHORSKAYA 13-19,MOSCOW 127412,RUSSIA.
NR 28
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0953-4075
J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT
JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
PD AUG 14
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 15
BP 2475
EP 2486
DI 10.1088/0953-4075/26/15/030
PG 12
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LV069
UT WOS:A1993LV06900030
ER

PT J
AU ARON, W
   FLUHARTY, D
   MCCAUGHRAN, D
   ROOS, JF
AF ARON, W
   FLUHARTY, D
   MCCAUGHRAN, D
   ROOS, JF
TI FISHERIES MANAGEMENT
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MARINE AFFAIRS,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,INT PACIFIC HALIBUT COMMISS,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   PACIFIC SEAFOOD PROCESSORS,INT PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISS,SEATTLE,WA 98199.
RP ARON, W (reprint author), ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 6
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 13
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5123
BP 813
EP 814
DI 10.1126/science.261.5123.813-a
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LR897
UT WOS:A1993LR89700003
PM 17783715
ER

PT J
AU DILLER, DE
   ARAGON, AS
   LAESECKE, A
AF DILLER, DE
   ARAGON, AS
   LAESECKE, A
TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITIES OF SATURATED AND COMPRESSED LIQUID
   1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R134A), 2,2-DICHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE
   (R123) AND 1,1-DICHLORO-1-FLUOROETHANE (R141B)
SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11TH SYMP ON THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CY JUN 23-27, 1991
CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO
SP AMER SOC MECH ENGINEERS, HEAT TRANSFER DIV, NIST
HO UNIV COLORADO
AB The shear viscosity coefficients of saturated and compressed liquid 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R123) and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R141b) have been measured with a torsional crystal viscometer at temperatures between 170 and 320 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa. The fluidities (reciprocal viscosity) increase linearly with molar volume at fixed temperature and increase weakly with temperature at fixed volume. We have correlated our data using empirical fluidity-volume-temperature equations and have compared the data of others with the equations.
RP DILLER, DE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 10
TC 36
Z9 39
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-3812
J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR
JI Fluid Phase Equilib.
PD AUG 10
PY 1993
VL 88
BP 251
EP 262
DI 10.1016/0378-3812(93)87116-I
PG 12
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering
GA LR861
UT WOS:A1993LR86100022
ER

PT J
AU ALSTRIN, AL
   STRUPP, PG
   LEONE, SR
AF ALSTRIN, AL
   STRUPP, PG
   LEONE, SR
TI DIRECT-DETECTION OF ATOMIC ARSENIC DESORPTION FROM SI(100)
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID BEAM TECHNIQUE; GAAS; SURFACES; KINETICS; EPITAXY; SI(111); AS4
AB Application of the 11 8 nm single photon laser ionization technique to a molecular beam epitaxy machine is used for the first time to demonstrate direct desorption of As atoms from Si(100). Both As2 and As are the desorbing species from 1 ML of arsenic on silicon above 1000 K. This is in contrast to previously reported models that considered only dimer desorption. With a continuous flux of As4, the scattered and desorbing arsenic species from Si(100) are examined as a function of surface temperature (650-1200 K). Atomic desorption is large, 75% +/- 19%, above 1000 K, and complete conversion of AS4 to AS2 and As occurs at 1200 K. The species selectivity of laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy has broader implications for GaAs growth.
C1 NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 16
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 9
PY 1993
VL 63
IS 6
BP 815
EP 817
DI 10.1063/1.109917
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LR258
UT WOS:A1993LR25800037
ER

PT J
AU ORTS, WJ
   VANZANTEN, JH
   WU, WL
   SATIJA, SK
AF ORTS, WJ
   VANZANTEN, JH
   WU, WL
   SATIJA, SK
TI OBSERVATION OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT THICKNESSES IN ULTRATHIN
   POLYSTYRENE FILMS ON SILICON
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYSTYRENE
AB The temperature dependent thicknesses of ultrathin polystyrene films under vacuum on Si(111) substrates were investigated via x-ray reflectivity in situ. The contraction of ultrathin polymer films was directly observed for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The degree of contraction depends on the initial thickness of the ultrathin polystyrene film, with the magnitude of contraction increasing with decreasing initial film thickness. This contraction ranged from 0%-17% and occurred at temperatures well below the reported bulk polystyrene glass transition temperature.
RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 188
Z9 195
U1 2
U2 21
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
EI 1079-7114
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 9
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 6
BP 867
EP 870
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.867
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LQ987
UT WOS:A1993LQ98700016
ER

PT J
AU HOFMANN, DJ
   OLTMANS, SJ
   HARRIS, JM
   KOMHYR, WD
   LATHROP, JA
   DEFOOR, T
   KUNIYUKI, D
AF HOFMANN, DJ
   OLTMANS, SJ
   HARRIS, JM
   KOMHYR, WD
   LATHROP, JA
   DEFOOR, T
   KUNIYUKI, D
TI OZONESONDE MEASUREMENTS AT HILO, HAWAII FOLLOWING THE ERUPTION OF
   PINATUBO
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPLETION; AEROSOLS
AB Ozonesonde measurements at Hilo, Hawaii (20-degrees-N), after the eruption of Pinatubo in June 1991, are compared to measurements made there from 1985 to 1990 in order to investigate possible volcanic effects. The general nature of the ozone anomalies in 1991-92 can be summarized as lower than normal ozone below about 25 km and higher than normal ozone above. The net result was that total ozone was somewhat lower than average and, during late 1992, was as low as recorded in 1982, following the eruption of El Chichon. Elevated temperatures in the region of the volcanic aerosol layer and upward motion of the aerosol layer were observed at Hilo following the eruption. Although the nature of the perturbed ozone profile may be the result of enhanced upward motion associated with volcanic aerosol particle heating, and the coupling of quasi-biennial oscillation effects, the persistent nature of the perturbation, still present more than a year after the eruption, is not easily explained.
RP HOFMANN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 16
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 6
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 15
BP 1555
EP 1558
DI 10.1029/93GL01585
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LT387
UT WOS:A1993LT38700009
ER

PT J
AU ANGELL, JK
AF ANGELL, JK
TI REEXAMINATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN DEPTH OF THE ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE,
   AND EQUATORIAL QBO AND SST, 1962-1992
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SUNSPOT NUMBER; SOUTH-POLE; DEPLETION;
   TEMPERATURE; STRATOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; MODULATION; DECREASE; MB
AB The relation between depth of the Antarctic ozone hole, and equatorial QBO and SST, is reexamined for the interval 1962-1992, using Dobson total-ozone data at the South Pole, Singapore 50 mb zonal wind, and average SST in the El Nino region 12S-2N, 180-90W. During this interval the correlation between October-November values of South Pole total ozone, and south polar 100 mb temperature from radiosondes, is 0.93. In 23 of 27 cases, South Pole springtime (October-November) total ozone decreased from one year to the next when the Singapore 50 mb zonal wind averaged from the east during the intervening 3 seasons and increased when this wind averaged from the west. Owing to the high serial correlation of the wind and total-ozone data, this distribution is only significant at the 5% level according to the Chi-square test, but basically supports the conclusions of Garcia and Solomon (1987) and Lait et al. (1989) regarding the relation between equatorial QBO and depth of the ozone hole. The tendency for a deeper ozone hole when equatorial SST warms (El Nino) yields a relation between depth of the Antarctic ozone hole, and equatorial QBO and SST, significant at the 1% level only by the subjective drawing of a smooth line which separates springtime total-ozone increases and decreases from one year to the next in 24 of 25 cases with 2 cases on the line of separation. The Singapore 50 mb wind has been from the west during the first half of 1993, suggesting a less deep ozone hole in 1993 than in 1992, especially if the current prolonged El Nino finally abates in mid 1993.
RP ANGELL, JK (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,ERL,1315 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA.
NR 31
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 6
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 15
BP 1559
EP 1562
DI 10.1029/93GL01762
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LT387
UT WOS:A1993LT38700010
ER

PT J
AU GONZALEZ, WD
   DEGONZALEZ, ALC
   TSURUTANI, BT
AF GONZALEZ, WD
   DEGONZALEZ, ALC
   TSURUTANI, BT
TI THE SEMIANNUAL VARIATION OF GREAT GEOMAGNETIC STORMS AND THE POSTSHOCK
   RUSSELL-MCPHERRON EFFECT PRECEDING CORONAL MASS EJECTA - COMMENT
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Note
ID MAGNETIC STORMS
C1 INST NACL PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL.
   NOAA,SEL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
NR 9
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD AUG 6
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 15
BP 1659
EP 1660
DI 10.1029/93GL01588
PG 2
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LT387
UT WOS:A1993LT38700035
ER

PT J
AU LINSKY, JL
AF LINSKY, JL
TI HUBBLE TELESCOPE RESEARCH
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
RP LINSKY, JL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA.
NR 3
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD AUG 6
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5122
BP 666
EP 666
DI 10.1126/science.261.5122.666
PG 1
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LQ730
UT WOS:A1993LQ73000005
PM 17757195
ER

PT J
AU THOMSON, RE
   MORELAND, J
   MISSERT, N
   RUDMAN, DA
   SANDERS, SC
   COLE, BF
AF THOMSON, RE
   MORELAND, J
   MISSERT, N
   RUDMAN, DA
   SANDERS, SC
   COLE, BF
TI INSULATING NANOPARTICLES ON YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS REVEALED BY
   COMPARISON OF ATOMIC-FORCE AND SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GROWTH-MECHANISM; SPUTTERED FILMS; MICROSTRUCTURE
AB The surface topography of YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films has been studied with both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The AFM images reveal a high density of small distinct nanoparticles, 10-50 nm across and 5-20 nm high, which do not appear in STM images of the same samples. In addition, we have shown that scanning the STM tip across the surface breaks off these particles and moves them to the edge of the scanned area, where they can later be imaged with the AFM.
C1 CONDUCTUS,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086.
RP THOMSON, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 11
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD AUG 2
PY 1993
VL 63
IS 5
BP 614
EP 616
DI 10.1063/1.109966
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LQ133
UT WOS:A1993LQ13300016
ER

PT J
AU AKCASU, AZ
   KLEIN, R
   HAMMOUDA, B
AF AKCASU, AZ
   KLEIN, R
   HAMMOUDA, B
TI DYNAMICS OF MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER MIXTURES VIA THE
   RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION INCLUDING HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; HOMOPOLYMER MIXTURES; SCATTERING; FLUCTUATIONS;
   BLENDS; BULK; COPOLYMERS
AB A new and extended formulation of the random phase approximation (RPA) in the study of statics and dynamics of multicomponent polymer mixtures is presented. The new formulation simplifies the implementation of the RPA in both compressible and incompressible mixtures and allows the inclusion of hydrodynamic interaction in the dynamics of polymer melts in the RPA. The dynamics of copolymer melts with hydrodynamic interaction is studied in detail as an illustration of the extended formulation, and the variation of the first cumulant as a function of the wavenumber and interaction parameter is obtained.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MSEL,BLDG 235,E151,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV CONSTANCE,FAK PHYS,W-7750 CONSTANCE,GERMANY.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT NUCL ENGN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
NR 18
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD AUG 2
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 16
BP 4136
EP 4143
DI 10.1021/ma00068a011
PG 8
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LR352
UT WOS:A1993LR35200011
ER

PT J
AU CHARRON, E
   GIUSTISUZOR, A
   MIES, FH
AF CHARRON, E
   GIUSTISUZOR, A
   MIES, FH
TI 2-COLOR COHERENT CONTROL OF H2+ PHOTODISSOCIATION IN INTENSE LASER
   FIELDS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID ABOVE-THRESHOLD-DISSOCIATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION;
   SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; PREDISSOCIATION; HYDROGEN; H-2(+); H-2+
AB We study the multiphoton dissociation of H-2+ by a coherent superposition of an intense short pulsed laser radiation and one of its harmonics (second or third), in a phase-locked regime. We show that the total dissociation probability, the energy distribution, and the direction of ejection of the protons are very sensitive to the relative phase of the two radiations. A high degree of control may thus be achieved for the branching ratio between dissociation via bond-softening and above-threshold dissociation, in the realm of current experimental capabilities.
C1 LAB CHIM PHYS PARIS,F-75231 PARIS,FRANCE.
   NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CHARRON, E (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 11,PHOTOPHYS MOLEC LAB,BATIMENT 213,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
RI Charron, Eric/A-9017-2011
OI Charron, Eric/0000-0003-1660-6368
NR 24
TC 123
Z9 123
U1 1
U2 11
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 2
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 5
BP 692
EP 695
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.692
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LQ107
UT WOS:A1993LQ10700009
ER

PT J
AU BAO, W
   BROHOLM, C
   CARTER, SA
   ROSENBAUM, TF
   AEPPLI, G
   TREVINO, SF
   METCALF, P
   HONIG, JM
   SPALEK, J
AF BAO, W
   BROHOLM, C
   CARTER, SA
   ROSENBAUM, TF
   AEPPLI, G
   TREVINO, SF
   METCALF, P
   HONIG, JM
   SPALEK, J
TI INCOMMENSURATE SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE IN METALLIC V2-YO3
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; INSULATOR-TRANSITION; V2O3; ANTIFERROMAGNET;
   EXCITATIONS; CHROMIUM; PHASE
AB We show by neutron diffraction that metallic V2-yO3 develops a spin density wave below T(N) almost-equal-to 9 K with incommensurate wave vector q almost-equal-to 1.7c* and an ordered moment of 0.15mu(B). The weak ordering phenomenon is accompanied by strong, nonresonant spin fluctuations with a velocity c = 67(4) meV angstrom. The spin correlations of the metal are very different from those of the insulator and place V2-yO3 in a distinct class of Mott-Hubbard systems where the wave vector for magnetic order in the metal is far from a high symmetry commensurate reciprocal lattice point.
C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637.
   AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974.
   ARDEC,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806.
   PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907.
RP BAO, W (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA.
RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011
OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X
NR 29
TC 83
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 20
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD AUG 2
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 5
BP 766
EP 769
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.766
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LQ107
UT WOS:A1993LQ10700028
ER

PT J
AU BRUNO, TJ
AF BRUNO, TJ
TI APPLICATIONS OF THE VORTEX TUBE IN CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS .1. INTRODUCTORY
   PRINCIPLES
SO AMERICAN LABORATORY
LA English
DT Article
AB The theory and design of the vortex tube are described in the first part of this article, followed in the second part by a short selection of applications in analytical and separation sciences.
RP BRUNO, TJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,PROC SEPARAT GRP,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 18
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC
PI SHELTON
PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870
SN 0044-7749
J9 AM LAB
JI Am. Lab.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 12
BP 15
EP &
PG 0
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA LT198
UT WOS:A1993LT19800002
ER

PT J
AU KANE, JS
AF KANE, JS
TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION AND
   THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW METHODS FOR GEOANALYSIS
SO ANALYST
LA English
DT Article
DE GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; GEOANALYSIS
ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
   CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; REFERENCE SAMPLES; ELEMENTS; COMPILATION;
   CALIBRATION; ATOMIZATION; FURNACE
AB Reference materials (RMs) have a number of uses in the geoanalytical laboratory. Prime among them is the stimulus RMs provide to the continuous improvement of established analytical methods and the development of new methods. As demands increase for certifying the concentrations of elements to higher levels of accuracy and/or with greater precision, old methods of analysis are refined and new ones are developed. This paper traces the parallel histories of the issue of geochemical reference materials and the development of today's principal methods for geoanalysis, showing the relationships between the two.
RP KANE, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 64
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND
   CB4 4WF
SN 0003-2654
J9 ANALYST
JI Analyst
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 118
IS 8
BP 953
EP 957
DI 10.1039/an9931800953
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LU521
UT WOS:A1993LU52100001
ER

PT J
AU LYDY, MJ
   LANDRUM, PF
AF LYDY, MJ
   LANDRUM, PF
TI ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY FOR SEDIMENT-SORBED BENZO(A)PYRENE BY DIPOREIA
   SPP
SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ASSIMILATION EFFICIENCY; SEDIMENT; BAP; DIPOREIA; DIRECT MEASUREMENT
   METHOD; DUAL-LABELED METHOD
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DEPOSIT-FEEDING AMPHIPOD;
   PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; MYSIS-RELICTA; OPOSSUM SHRIMP; INGESTION RATE;
   TOXICOKINETICS; SELECTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; INVERTEBRATES
AB Two methods are currently available for determining contaminant assimilation efficiencies (AE) from ingested material in benthic invertebrates. These methods were compared using the Great Lakes amphipod Diporeia spp. and [C-14]benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) sorbed to Florissant sediment (< 63 mum). The first approach, the direct measurement method, uses total organic carbon as a tracer and yielded AE values ranging from 45.9-60.4%. The second approach, the dual-labeled method, uses Cr-51 as a non-assimilated tracer and did not yield AE values for our data. The inability of the dual-labeled approach to estimate AEs was due, in part, to the selective feeding by Diporeia resulting in a failure of the non-assimilated tracer (Cr-51) to track with the assimilated tracer ([C-14]BaP). The failure of the dual-labeled approach was not a result of an uneven distribution of the labels among particle size classes, but more likely resulted from differential sorption of the two isotopically labeled materials to particles of differing composition. The [C-14]BaP apparently sorbs to organic particles that are selectively ingested, while the Cr-51 apparently sorbs to particles which are selectively excluded by Diporeia. The dual-labeled approach would be a viable and easier experimental approach for determining AE values if the characteristics that govern selective feeding can be determined.
C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI.
RP LYDY, MJ (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,DIV WATER RESOURCES,5957 LAKESIDE BLVD,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46278, USA.
NR 43
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-445X
J9 AQUAT TOXICOL
JI Aquat. Toxicol.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 3-4
BP 209
EP 224
DI 10.1016/0166-445X(93)90031-U
PG 16
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology
GA LT011
UT WOS:A1993LT01100005
ER

PT J
AU KUCERA, TA
   DULK, GA
   KIPLINGER, AL
   WINGLEE, RM
   BASTIAN, TS
   GRAETER, M
AF KUCERA, TA
   DULK, GA
   KIPLINGER, AL
   WINGLEE, RM
   BASTIAN, TS
   GRAETER, M
TI MULTIPLE WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF AN OFF-LIMB ERUPTIVE SOLAR-FLARE
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE SUN, CORONA; SUN, FLARES; SUN, X-RAYS, GAMMA-RAYS; SUN, RADIO RADIATION
ID HARD X-RAY; GYROSYNCHROTRON RADIATION; MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS; ENERGETIC
   ELECTRONS; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; RADIO OBSERVATIONS; THERMAL ELECTRONS;
   IMPULSIVE PHASE; LOOP; EMISSION
AB The eruptive prominence and limb flare which occurred at 1454 UT on 1989 June 20 is described and analyzed. This event was observed by many different instruments providing an unusual amount and variety of data: images at 1.4 GHz, 37 GHz, and Halpha, and spectra in hard X-ray, soft X-ray, and radio frequencies. This array of data allows us to explore the relationships between flare and eruptive prominence emissions at different wavelengths. VLA images at 1.4 GHz show changing sources in a set of high (approximately 10(10) cm) coronal loops associated with the erupting prominence.
   We use a full gyrosynchrotron code to model a 1.4 GHz source early in the flare as a large coronal loop. The model results lead us to conclude that the initial acceleration occurs in smaller, denser loops which also produce the flare's hard X-ray emission. We also present evidence that a source at 1.4 GHz later in the event is due to second-harmonic plasma emission. This source is adjacent to a leg of the prominence and comes from a dense column of material in the magnetic structure supporting the prominence. Finally, we investigate a source of microwaves and soft X-rays, occurring almost-equal-to 10 minutes after the hard X-ray peak, and calculate a lower limit for the density of the source.
C1 DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO.
   NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,GEOPHYS PROGRAM AK50,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   NATL RADIO ASTRON OBSERV,SOCORRO,NM 87801.
   UNIV BERN,INST APPL PHYS,CH-3012 BERN,SWITZERLAND.
RP KUCERA, TA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,CAMPUS BOX 391,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Kucera, Therese/C-9558-2012
NR 52
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD AUG 1
PY 1993
VL 412
IS 2
BP 853
EP 864
PN 1
PG 12
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LN831
UT WOS:A1993LN83100034
ER

PT J
AU LAMB, B
   GAY, D
   WESTBERG, H
   PIERCE, T
AF LAMB, B
   GAY, D
   WESTBERG, H
   PIERCE, T
TI A BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSION INVENTORY FOR THE USA USING A SIMPLE
   FOREST CANOPY MODEL
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; EMISSION INVENTORY; ISOPRENE; ALPHA-PINENE;
   FOREST CANOPY
ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ISOPRENE
AB A biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory system, developed for acid deposition and regional oxidant modeling, is described, and results for a U.S. emission inventory are presented. For deciduous and coniferous forests, scaling relationships are used to account for canopy effects upon solar radiation, temperature, humidity and wind speed as a function of height through the canopy. Leaf temperature is calculated iteratively from a leaf energy balance as a function of height through the canopy. The predicted light and temperature levels are used with mean empirical emission rate factors and laboratory emission algorithms to predict hydrocarbon emission rates. For application to a U.S. inventory, diurnal emission fluxes of isoprene, alpha-pinene, other monoterpenes and other hydrocarbons are predicted for eight land cover classes by state climatic division by month. The total U.S. emissions range from 22 to 50 Tg yr-1 depending upon the formulation of different emission rate factors. In the case where the forest canopy model is not used, the isoprene emissions increase by 50% and terpene emissions increase by 6%. In case study analyses, the predicted leaf temperatures were within 1-2-degrees-C of observed for a deciduous forest, and predicted emissions were within a factor of two of observations. Further evaluation of the inventory using field measurements is required to determine the overall accuracy of the emission estimates.
C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
RP LAMB, B (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,ATMOSPHER RES LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA.
NR 35
TC 195
Z9 202
U1 1
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0004-6981
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 11
BP 1673
EP 1690
DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90230-V
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA MA181
UT WOS:A1993MA18100006
ER

PT J
AU MACDONALD, RC
   FALL, R
AF MACDONALD, RC
   FALL, R
TI DETECTION OF SUBSTANTIAL EMISSIONS OF METHANOL FROM PLANTS TO THE
   ATMOSPHERE
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article
DE METHANOL; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; METHANOL
   FUELS; TROPOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY; RURAL OXIDANTS IN THE SOUTHERN
   ENVIRONMENT (ROSE II)
ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OZONE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HYDROCARBONS; LEAVES
AB Measurements made on a number of plant species revealed that leaves emit methanol at rates comparable to those of other major biogenic volatile organic compounds, such as isoprene. Methanol emission originated within the leaf, was affected by leaf temperature, and closely followed changes in stomatal conductance. Observed methanol emission rates appear sufficient to be the source of greater-than-expected methanol concentrations recently measured in the rural troposphere. Plant methanol emission to the troposphere may be substantial and may contribute to tropospheric photochemistry and formaldehyde production.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP MACDONALD, RC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS 216,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 16
TC 144
Z9 150
U1 1
U2 10
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0004-6981
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 11
BP 1709
EP 1713
DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90233-O
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA MA181
UT WOS:A1993MA18100009
ER

PT J
AU MILLER, IM
   MOODY, JL
   HARRIS, JM
   GAUDRY, A
AF MILLER, IM
   MOODY, JL
   HARRIS, JM
   GAUDRY, A
TI A 10-YEAR TRAJECTORY FLOW CLIMATOLOGY FOR AMSTERDAM ISLAND, 1980-1989
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BACK AIR TRAJECTORIES; BASE-LINE MONITORING; PRECIPITATION
ID CO2 VARIATIONS; INDIAN-OCEAN; PRECIPITATION
AB This paper documents the meteorology and flow climatology of Amsterdam Island, a World Meteorological Organization baseline observatory located in the southern Indian Ocean. The island is strongly influenced by two meteorological systems: the subtropical anticyclone and the westerlies, known as the roaring forties. Westerly surface winds dominate ground-level flow on the island, which receives an annual average precipitation of 1100 mm. A 10-year back air trajectory climatology at 850 hPa to the island showed the same predominant westerly-southwesterly flow (55% of the period). Special emphasis was placed on trajectories that had their origin on the African continent because this was the predominant nonmarine source of trace materials that could be transported to Amsterdam Island. This transport, most frequent in the winter and early spring, coincided with the winter peak of continental radon. A comparison of trajectories and 12-h precipitation amounts on the island showed that most of the rain coincided with southwesterly flow, but many large individual events were frequently associated with northerly and westerly flow regimes. Meteorological information about local conditions and flow climatology is necessary to aid in the interpretation of atmospheric chemistry measurements made at global stations such as Amsterdam Island.
C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903.
   CNRS,CTR FAIBLES RADIOACT,F-91190 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE.
RP MILLER, IM (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA.
NR 17
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0004-6981
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 12
BP 1909
EP 1916
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LX597
UT WOS:A1993LX59700013
ER

PT J
AU OVERHOLTZ, WJ
AF OVERHOLTZ, WJ
TI HARVESTING STRATEGIES AND FISHING MORTALITY REFERENCE POINT COMPARISONS
   FOR THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC STOCK OF ATLANTIC MACKEREL (SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID STOCHASTIC RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES
AB Previous research indicated that density dependence in population-level responses such as growth and predation mortality rate may play a major role in regulating the dynamics of the Northwest Atlantic stock of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Simulation studies, utilizing this compensatory model of the mackerel stock, suggest that expected yields and spawning stock sizes under conditions of constant harvest rate or constant catch would be quite disparate. Yields and spawning stock size would be less variable and slightly larger under a constant catch strategy for catches of mackerel up to approximately 200 000 t. However, a constant harvest rate strategy would provide higher long-term yields and a more stable spawning stock at catches greater than 200 000 t. A comparison of a constant catch policy with F-0.1, F-20, and F-max fishing strategies (constant F) suggests that the F-max and F-20 strategies would cause a long-term decline in the spawning stock below the current minimum spawning stock target and provide highly variable yields. A constant catch strategy could produce nearly the same level of yield with considerably less variability and maintain a larger mean spawning stock biomass than the F-0.1 strategy.
RP OVERHOLTZ, WJ (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 8
BP 1749
EP 1756
DI 10.1139/f93-196
PG 8
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA MP109
UT WOS:A1993MP10900018
ER

PT J
AU KUHN, R
   EDFORS, P
   HOWARD, V
   CAPUTO, C
   PHILLIPS, TS
AF KUHN, R
   EDFORS, P
   HOWARD, V
   CAPUTO, C
   PHILLIPS, TS
TI IMPROVING PUBLIC SWITCHED NETWORK SECURITY IN AN OPEN ENVIRONMENT
SO COMPUTER
LA English
DT Article
AB Government studies have identified potential vulnerabilities in the public switched network that could be exploited by hostile users. As the telecommunications industry moves toward greater openness and more services are added, the potential for abuse is likely to increase.
   This article summarizes US government efforts to maintain the integrity of telecommunications services in this new open environment. The authors outline major government concerns and describe how federal agencies are responding. Key elements of the response include cooperation between government and industry, additional research and development, and an emphasis on building secure systems using open system software.
C1 NATL COMMUN SYST,WASHINGTON,DC.
   BOOZ ALLEN & HAMILTON INC,MCLEAN,VA.
   US DEPT JUSTICE,COMP & TELECOMMUN SECUR STAFF,WASHINGTON,DC 20530.
RP KUHN, R (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20234, USA.
NR 8
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC
PI LOS ALAMITOS
PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264
SN 0018-9162
J9 COMPUTER
JI Computer
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 8
BP 32
EP 35
DI 10.1109/2.223540
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software
   Engineering
SC Computer Science
GA LP999
UT WOS:A1993LP99900004
ER

PT J
AU GENDRON, JF
   COWEN, JP
   FEELY, RA
   BAKER, ET
AF GENDRON, JF
   COWEN, JP
   FEELY, RA
   BAKER, ET
TI AGE ESTIMATE FOR THE 1987 MEGAPLUME ON THE SOUTHERN JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE
   USING EXCESS RADON AND MANGANESE PARTITIONING
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS; PARTICLE PLUME; OCEAN
AB In September 1987 we collected samples for the determination of Rn-222, Ra-226, and dissolved and particulate manganese in ''Megaplume 2'' above the Juan de Fuca Ridge spreading center. The results of these analyses permit us to estimate the apparent age of the megaplume by two independent methods. The age estimate based on excess Rn-222 is 20 +/- 9 days. Based on the partitioning of manganese between the dissolved and particulate phases the age is estimated to be between 6 and 60 days. Both techniques confirm that Megaplume 2 was a separate hydrothermal event and that it was not Megaplume 1 sampled 1 year after it was first discovered.
C1 UNIV HAWAII MANOA,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOGR,HONOLULU,HI 96822.
RP GENDRON, JF (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 25
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0967-0637
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 40
IS 8
BP 1559
EP 1567
DI 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90016-V
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LY955
UT WOS:A1993LY95500003
ER

PT J
AU BROWNING, GL
   MACDONALD, AE
AF BROWNING, GL
   MACDONALD, AE
TI INCORPORATING TOPOGRAPHY INTO THE MULTISCALE SYSTEMS FOR THE ATMOSPHERE
   AND OCEANS
SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID OCEANOGRAPHIC FLOWS; NUMERICAL-METHODS; MODELS; INITIALIZATION;
   COORDINATE; EQUATIONS; DYNAMICS
AB Recently, new hyperbolic systems of equations that can be used to describe smooth flows accurately in both the atmosphere and oceans have been developed. These 'approximate systems' are derived by slowing down the speed of the fast waves instead of increasing their speed to infinity as in the primitive equations. The approximate systems have a number of theoretical advantages over the traditional systems. The practical implications of some of these advantages have already been demonstrated for the oceanic case. There is another advantage of the new systems that has not been discussed extensively. A model based on either of the new systems can be used to describe different scales of motion, e.g. the large, medium, or small scale. In addition, a mechanism is provided for a smooth transition between these scales. The incorporation of topography into the approximate systems has also not been discussed. To demonstrate the multiscale nature of the transformed systems in the presence of topography, numerical results from a model based on the approximate system for meteorology are compared with analytic solutions for three topographic scales. Removing the horizontal means of the density and pressure, which was necessary to obtain the proper scaling of the equations in the original papers, reduces the truncation error associated with a transformed system near steep mountains. For example, in the atmospheric case a second-order method requires only approximately 10 points across the base of the mountain to achieve a 1% relative error for any of the three topographic solutions during the relevant time scale of the associated motion.
C1 NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB R E FS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP BROWNING, GL (reprint author), CIRA,CSU FOOTHILLS CAMPUS,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA.
NR 27
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0377-0265
J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS
JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 3-4
BP 119
EP 149
DI 10.1016/0377-0265(93)90008-U
PG 31
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Oceanography
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences;
   Oceanography
GA LW282
UT WOS:A1993LW28200001
ER

PT J
AU KUKLA, G
   KARL, TR
AF KUKLA, G
   KARL, TR
TI NIGHTTIME WARMING AND THE GREENHOUSE-EFFECT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE
C1 NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,ASHEVILLE,NC.
RP KUKLA, G (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,LAMONT DOHERTY GEOL OBSERV,PALISADES,NY 10964, USA.
NR 18
TC 49
Z9 50
U1 2
U2 9
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0013-936X
J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL
JI Environ. Sci. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 8
BP 1468
EP 1474
DI 10.1021/es00045a001
PG 7
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA LP918
UT WOS:A1993LP91800006
ER

PT J
AU HETTLER, WF
   BARKER, DL
AF HETTLER, WF
   BARKER, DL
TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF LARVAL FISHES AT 2 NORTH-CAROLINA INLETS
SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE FISH LARVAE; ICHTHYOPLANKTON SURVEYS; TIDAL INLETS; ABUNDANCE; DIEL;
   DEPTH; MONITORING; NORTH-CAROLINA
ID ICHTHYOPLANKTON
RP HETTLER, WF (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA.
NR 10
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0272-7714
J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S
JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 37
IS 2
BP 161
EP 179
DI 10.1006/ecss.1993.1049
PG 19
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA LY814
UT WOS:A1993LY81400004
ER

PT J
AU UTTER, F
   RYMAN, N
AF UTTER, F
   RYMAN, N
TI GENETIC-MARKERS AND MIXED STOCK FISHERIES
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper reviews and discusses the uses of genetic markers in analyzing the composition of population mixtures of fishes. Such analyses require (1) the existence of genetic differences identified in base-line data from contributing populations, and (2) an adequate sampling of individuals from the mixture to characterize its composition. Genetic analyses of complex population mixtures of salmonids began around 1980 and subsequently have been increasing; applications have included estimates of geographic origins in marine and freshwater fisheries, and of ancestral origins in populations reestablished from multiple sources. The potential for applications of genetic analyses of population mixtures is more limited in most marine species because such species are typically less genetically subdivided than salmonid species. However genetic analyses are feasible in any species in areas of intermingling of genetically distinguishable populations. In addition, genetic marking by preferential breeding of genetically distinguishable individuals may be used to establish genetically distinct cultured populations within species amenable to artificial propagation.
RP UTTER, F (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
NR 0
TC 89
Z9 91
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 8
BP 11
EP 21
DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0011:GMAMSF>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA LQ637
UT WOS:A1993LQ63700003
ER

PT J
AU BEAL, KL
AF BEAL, KL
TI MENTORING
SO FISHERIES
LA English
DT Article
RP BEAL, KL (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,1 BLACKBURN DR,GLOUCESTER,MA 01930, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199
SN 0363-2415
J9 FISHERIES
JI Fisheries
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 8
BP 42
EP &
PG 0
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA LQ637
UT WOS:A1993LQ63700014
ER

PT J
AU SCHAUER, DA
   COURSEY, BM
   DICK, CE
   MCLAUGHLIN, WL
   PUHL, JM
   DESROSIERS, MF
   JACOBSON, AD
AF SCHAUER, DA
   COURSEY, BM
   DICK, CE
   MCLAUGHLIN, WL
   PUHL, JM
   DESROSIERS, MF
   JACOBSON, AD
TI A RADIATION ACCIDENT AT AN INDUSTRIAL ACCELERATOR FACILITY
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS; ACCELERATORS; BONE DOSE; RADIATION DAMAGE
AB On 11 December 1991, a radiation overexposure occurred at an industrial radiation facility in Maryland. The radiation source was a 3-MV potential drop accelerator designed to produce high electron beam currents for materials-processing applications. This accelerator is capable of producing a 25 milliampere swept electron beam that is scanned over a width of 112.5 cm and which emerges from the accelerator vacuum system through a titanium double window assembly. During maintenance on the lower window pressure plate, an operator placed his hands, head, and feet in the beam. This was done with the filament voltage of the electron source turned ''off,'' but with the full accelerating potential on the high voltage terminal. The operator's body, especially his extremities and head, were exposed to electron dark current. In an attempt to reconstruct the accident, radiochromic film and alanine measurements were made with the accelerator operated at two beam currents. Measured dose rates ranged from approximately 40 cGy s-1 inside the victim's shoe to 1,300 cGy s-1 at the hand position. Approximately 3 mo after the accident, it was necessary to amputate the four digits of the victim's right hand and most of the four digits of his left hand. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, which measures the concentration of radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in calcified tissues, was used to estimate the dose to the victim's extremities. A mean dose estimate of 55.0 +/- 3.5 Gy (95% confidence level) averaged over the mass of the bone was obtained for the victim's left middle ringer (middle phalanx).
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DEPT COMMERCE, PHYS LAB, DIV IONIZING RADIAT, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA.
   DEPT ENVIRONM STATE MARYLAND, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA.
   JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DIV RADIAT HLTH SCI, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA.
NR 7
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 65
IS 2
BP 131
EP 140
DI 10.1097/00004032-199308000-00001
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA LN392
UT WOS:A1993LN39200001
PM 8330958
ER

PT J
AU FOGARTY, MJ
AF FOGARTY, MJ
TI RECRUITMENT IN RANDOMLY VARYING ENVIRONMENTS
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE RECRUITMENT; VARIABILITY; COMPENSATION; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE;
   ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY
ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SCOPHTHALMUS-MAXIMUS L; LIMANDA-LIMANDA L;
   MARINE FISH; LARVAL FISH; EARLY LIFE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS;
   BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; MORTALITY-RATES
RP FOGARTY, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA.
NR 91
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 3
BP 247
EP 260
DI 10.1006/jmsc.1993.1027
PG 14
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA LW742
UT WOS:A1993LW74200002
ER

PT J
AU JOSSI, JW
   GOULET, JR
AF JOSSI, JW
   GOULET, JR
TI ZOOPLANKTON TRENDS - UNITED-STATES NORTHEAST SHELF ECOSYSTEM AND
   ADJACENT REGIONS DIFFER FROM NORTHEAST ATLANTIC AND NORTH-SEA
SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE ENVIRONMENT; ZOOPLANKTON; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; NORTHEAST SHELF ECOSYSTEM;
   CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; PSEUDOCALANUS; CENTROPAGES-TYPICUS; OITHONA;
   METRIDIA-LUCENS; CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER
ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDS; ENVIRONMENT
RP JOSSI, JW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA.
NR 23
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 1
U2 3
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 1054-3139
J9 ICES J MAR SCI
JI ICES J. Mar. Sci.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 3
BP 303
EP 313
DI 10.1006/jmsc.1993.1033
PG 11
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
GA LW742
UT WOS:A1993LW74200008
ER

PT J
AU MARX, E
AF MARX, E
TI ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING FROM A DIELECTRIC WEDGE AND THE SINGLE
   HYPERSINGULAR INTEGRAL-EQUATION
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD BEHAVIOR
AB Electromagnetic fields scattered by a finite dielectric wedge are computed using a hypersingular integral equation (HIE). The results are compared with those obtained previously using a singular integral equation (SIE) and with the theory that predicts that the fields near the edge of the wedge behave like static fields. The HIE produces more consistent results than the SIE, probably because the unknown boundary function tends to a constant near the edge instead of diverging. The two numerical methods agree reasonably well, and these results agree only in part with the static field behavior.
RP MARX, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-926X
J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG
JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 41
IS 8
BP 1001
EP 1008
DI 10.1109/8.244640
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA MH961
UT WOS:A1993MH96100001
ER

PT J
AU ALLEN, OE
   HILL, DA
   ONDREJKA, AR
AF ALLEN, OE
   HILL, DA
   ONDREJKA, AR
TI TIME-DOMAIN ANTENNA CHARACTERIZATIONS
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
LA English
DT Article
AB A set of time-domain characterizations that can efficiently describe wide band antennas is proposed in this paper. The experimentally measured responses of transverse electromagnetic horn antennas are used to evaluate the utility of these characterizations. Comparisons are made between the antennas' frequency-domain response and their time-domain characterizations. The comparisons show that the time-domain characterizations can provide significant insight into an antenna's behavior as well as providing a means to accurately compare two or more different antennas.
C1 USN,CTR AIR WARFARE,DIV AIRCRAFT,ELECTROMAGNET COMPATIBIL SECT,PATUXENT RIVER,MD 20670.
   NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 9
TC 60
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9375
J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C
JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 35
IS 3
BP 339
EP 346
DI 10.1109/15.277308
PG 8
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA MA764
UT WOS:A1993MA76400003
ER

PT J
AU LINK, AN
   TASSEY, G
AF LINK, AN
   TASSEY, G
TI THE TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE OF FIRMS - INVESTMENTS IN INFRATECHNOLOGY
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Note
AB Few technologies can be successfully commercialized and achieve market penetration without the availability and use of a critical technology infrastructure. This paper presents estimates of manufacturing firms' expenditures on internal investments in one class of technology infrastructure-infratechnology-and examines, in an exploratory fashion, the relationship between such investments and industry productivity growth. Emphasis is placed on the need for additional inquiry into a fuller understanding of the R&D process and the interactions between proprietary and infrastructure research activities.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP LINK, AN (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT ECON,GREENSBORO,NC 27412, USA.
NR 8
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 5
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9391
J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE
JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 40
IS 3
BP 312
EP 315
DI 10.1109/17.233193
PG 4
WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management
SC Business & Economics; Engineering
GA LX488
UT WOS:A1993LX48800010
ER

PT J
AU SCHWAAB, GW
   EVENSON, KM
   ZINK, LR
AF SCHWAAB, GW
   EVENSON, KM
   ZINK, LR
TI FAR-INFRARED SELF-BROADENING AND PRESSURE SHIFT MEASUREMENTS OF METHYL
   CYANIDE
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES
LA English
DT Article
DE FAR-INFRARED SPECTROMETER; METHYL CYANIDE; PRESSURE BROADENING; PRESSURE
   SHIFT
AB Pressure shifts and self-broadening parameters of the J=43<--42, J=44<--43, J=56<--55 and J=68<--67 sub-bands of the 1A1 ground state of (CH3CN)-N-14 up to K=10 were determined using the NIST tunable far-infrared (TuFIR) spectrometer . The pressure shift agrees well with theoretical predictions made using Anderson-Tsao-Curnutte theory. The self-broadening parameter shows the expected K depencence. However, the predictions are systematically too large for decreasing J. The influence of the TuFIR power spectrum on the derived experimental parameters was evaluated and a comparison was made between two-wave and three-wave mixing spectroscopy.
C1 MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, W-5300 BONN, GERMANY.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA.
RP SCHWAAB, GW (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST RADIOASTRON, HUGEL 69, W-5300 BONN, GERMANY.
NR 14
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0195-9271
J9 INT J INFRARED MILLI
JI Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 14
IS 8
BP 1643
EP 1655
DI 10.1007/BF02096222
PG 13
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Optics; Physics
GA LU883
UT WOS:A1993LU88300012
ER

PT J
AU BRIGGS, GA
AF BRIGGS, GA
TI PLUME DISPERSION IN THE CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER .2. ANALYSES OF
   CONDORS FIELD EXPERIMENT DATA
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MIXED-LAYER; DIFFUSION; BUOYANT; MODEL
AB Extensive analyses are performed on data from the CONDORS (convective diffusion observed with remote sensors) field experiment, described in detail by Eberhard et al. Convective scaling is used to facilitate comparisons with laboratory and numerical simulations and to give the results generality. Near-surface chi/Q from lidar-detected oil fog are generally in excellent agreement with nearby samples of coreleased SF6, considering the large spatial gradients found in the oil fog. Extrapolations to the surface of integral chidy/Q of radar-detected ''chaff'' agree reasonably well with most oil fog values after a mathematical compensation for the chaff's settling speed. Measured wind direction distributions compare favorably with integral chidy and integral chidz distributions of both tracers. The directly measured bulk variables sigma(y) and sigma(z) show little effect of source height or of tracer type except that surface-released sigma(y) are enhanced by up to 60% at X < 0.3 [X = (x/U)w*/z(i), where U is mean wind speed, w* is the convective scale velocity, and z(i) is mixing depth]. Generally, sigma(y) almost-equal-to 0.6z(i)X = 0.6w*x/U at X < 1, sigma(y) almost-equal-to 0.6z(i)X2/3 at X > 1, and sigma(z) almost-equal-to 0.6z(i)X until limited by reflections; sigma(y) systematically reduces for averaging times divided by z(i)/U less than 6. Also, for surface releases at small X, oil fog surface-extrapolated integral chidy/Q gives good agreement with Nieuwstadt; with the Gaussian assumption, this implies sigma(z) almost-equal-to 0.9z(i)X3/2. Composite patterns of C(y) = Uz(i) integral chidy/Q versus X and z/z(i) for surface releases are substantially in agreement with Willis and Deardorff's laboratory and Lamb's LES simulations. In the aggregate, the oil and chaff measurements support a (1 + 2z(s)/z(i)) enhancement factor in maximum surface values of integral chidy over Gaussian plume model predictions, with these maxima occurring mostly near x = 2z(s)U/w*, Where z(s) is source height. This agrees with most simulation results. Attention is focused on the effect of wBAR anomalies and persistence of C(y) patterns.
C1 NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC.
NR 42
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 8
BP 1388
EP 1425
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1388:PDITCB>2.0.CO;2
PG 38
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP690
UT WOS:A1993LP69000006
ER

PT J
AU GEORGES, TM
   HARLAN, JA
   MEYER, LR
   PEER, RG
AF GEORGES, TM
   HARLAN, JA
   MEYER, LR
   PEER, RG
TI TRACKING HURRICANE CLAUDETTE WITH THE UNITED-STATES-AIR-FORCE
   OVER-THE-HORIZON RADAR
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Hurricane Claudette was successfully tracked for three days using the 2-s (7 m) surface wave direction field mapped by the U.S. Air Force OTH-B over-the-horizon radar 2400 km away on the coast of Maine. Inflow and fine structure of the surface circulation are apparent in streamline plots derived from surface wave direction measured with 60-km resolution in the vicinity of the storm for five radar runs. The radar-derived track is within 60 km of that published by the NOAA National Hurricane Center.
RP GEORGES, TM (reprint author), NOAA,R E WPI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 10
IS 4
BP 441
EP 451
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0441:THCWTU>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA ME698
UT WOS:A1993ME69800001
ER

PT J
AU WEBER, BL
   WUERTZ, DB
   WELSH, DC
AF WEBER, BL
   WUERTZ, DB
   WELSH, DC
TI QUALITY CONTROLS FOR PROFILER MEASUREMENTS OF WINDS AND RASS
   TEMPERATURES
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB A new method for estimating winds and radio acoustic sounding system temperatures from radar Doppler measurements for the new NOAA wind profilers is described. This method emphasizes the quality of 6-min measurements prior to the computation of hourly averages. Compared with the older method currently being used, this new method provides measurements exhibiting better consistency and more complete coverage over height and time. Furthermore, it corrects aliased measurements.
RP WEBER, BL (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,R E WP4,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 84
Z9 87
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 10
IS 4
BP 452
EP 464
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0452:QCFPMO>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA ME698
UT WOS:A1993ME69800002
ER

PT J
AU DAVIS, SM
   MEITZNER, GD
   FISCHER, DA
   GLAND, J
AF DAVIS, SM
   MEITZNER, GD
   FISCHER, DA
   GLAND, J
TI STUDIES OF FLUORINE IN CATALYSTS WITH ULTRASOFT X-RAY-ABSORPTION
   SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID ALUMINA; SITES
C1 EXXON RES & ENGN CO,CORP RES LABS,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801.
   EXXON RES & ENGN CO,EXXON RES & DEV LABS,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0021-9517
J9 J CATAL
JI J. Catal.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 142
IS 2
BP 368
EP 372
DI 10.1006/jcat.1993.1214
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical
SC Chemistry; Engineering
GA LN761
UT WOS:A1993LN76100003
ER

PT J
AU SIGGEL, MRF
   WEST, JB
   HAYES, MA
   PARR, AC
   DEHMER, JL
   IGA, I
AF SIGGEL, MRF
   WEST, JB
   HAYES, MA
   PARR, AC
   DEHMER, JL
   IGA, I
TI SHAPE-RESONANCE-ENHANCED CONTINUUM CONTINUUM COUPLING IN PHOTOIONIZATION
   OF CO2
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS;
   CROSS-SECTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTO-IONIZATION; CHANNEL; N-2;
   EXCITATION; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING
AB We have measured photoionization branching ratios and photoelectron asymmetry parameters for photoionization of CO2 leading to the first four electronic states of CO2+ over the photon energy range from 20 to 50 eV. The motivation for this work was the prediction by Lucchese [J. Chem. Phys. 92, 4203 (1990)] that the sigma(u) shape resonance in the (4sigma(g))-1 C2SIGMA(g)+ ionization channel would influence the photoionization dynamics in the other valence-shell continua through continuum-continuum channel interaction, with the main effect occurring in the (3sigma(u))-1 B2SIGMA(u)+ channel. Indeed, clear evidence for this phenomenon is observed in this channel, the most prominent indication being a broad, shallow minimum in the asymmetry parameter at approximately 40 eV. Comparisons of the present results with theory and other measurements reflect good overall agreement and provide some guidance regarding the effectiveness of alternative approximations used in the theoretical calculations.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
   UNIV FED SAO CARLOS,DEPT QUIM,BR-13560 SAO CARLOS,SP,BRAZIL.
RP SIGGEL, MRF (reprint author), SERC,DARESBURY LAB,WARRINGTON WA4 4AD,CHESHIRE,ENGLAND.
RI Iga, Ione/C-1273-2015
NR 32
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 1993
VL 99
IS 3
BP 1556
EP 1563
DI 10.1063/1.465324
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LN782
UT WOS:A1993LN78200012
ER

PT J
AU MOTOWOKA, M
   JINNAI, H
   HASHIMOTO, T
   QIU, Y
   HAN, CC
AF MOTOWOKA, M
   JINNAI, H
   HASHIMOTO, T
   QIU, Y
   HAN, CC
TI PHASE-SEPARATION IN DEUTERATED POLYCARBONATE POLY(METHYLMETHACRYLATE)
   BLEND NEAR GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE) BLENDS; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; IMMISCIBILITY
   LOOP; POLYMER BLENDS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS;
   EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; JUMPS
AB Early stage of spinodal decomposition kinetics of deuterated polycarbonate/poly(methylmethacrylate) blend has been studied by the time resolved small angle neutron scattering measurements. A trapped miscible state was obtained through fast solution casting of film specimens. Time dependence of the structure factor, S(q,t), was measured after the specimen temperature was quickly increased to a final temperature which is above its glass transition temperature, T(g). Thus, the early stage of spinodal decomposition kinetics has been observed starting from the dimension (q-1) comparable to the single chain radius of gyration, R(g), for a binary polymer mixture. The results provide an unequivocal quantitative measure of the virtual structure factor, S(q, infinity); the relationship of q(m) and q(c) through rate of growth, Cahn-plot analysis, and singularity in S(q, infinity); the growth of fluctuation of qR(g) < 1 and intrachain relaxation of qR(g) > 1; and also a clear proof of the Cahn-Hillard-Cook theory in the early stage of spinodal decomposition of a mean-field system.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   MITSUI PETROCHEM IND CO LTD,POLYMERS LAB,YAMAGUCHI 740,JAPAN.
   E CHINA UNIV CHEM TECHNOL,DEPT POLYMER SCI & ENGN,SHANGHAI 200237,PEOPLES R CHINA.
RP MOTOWOKA, M (reprint author), KYOTO UNIV,DEPT POLYMER CHEM,KYOTO 606,JAPAN.
RI Jinnai, Hiroshi/F-8456-2014
NR 28
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 6
U2 15
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD AUG 1
PY 1993
VL 99
IS 3
BP 2095
EP 2100
DI 10.1063/1.465275
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LN782
UT WOS:A1993LN78200071
ER

PT J
AU KARL, TR
   QUAYLE, RG
   GROISMAN, PY
AF KARL, TR
   QUAYLE, RG
   GROISMAN, PY
TI DETECTING CLIMATE VARIATIONS AND CHANGE - NEW CHALLENGES FOR OBSERVING
   AND DATA MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; HEMISPHERE SNOW COVER; UNITED-STATES;
   CLOUDINESS; SUNSHINE; RECORD; CANADA; RANGE; MODEL; TIME
AB Several essential aspects of weather observing and the management of weather data are discussed as related to improving knowledge of climate variations and change in the surface boundary layer and the resultant consequences for socioeconomic and biogeophysical systems. The issues include long-term homogeneous time series of routine weather observations; time- and space-scale resolution of datasets derived from the observations; information about observing systems, data collection systems, and data reduction algorithms; and the enhancement of weather observing systems to serve as climate observing systems.
   Although much has been learned from existing weather networks and methods of data management, the system is far from perfect. There are several vital areas that have not received adequate attention. Particular improvements are needed in the interaction between network designers and climatologists; operational analyses that focus on detecting and documenting outliers and time-dependent biases within datasets; developing the means to cope with and minimize potential inhomogeneities in weather observing systems; and authoritative documentation of how various aspects of climate have or have not changed. In this last area, close attention must be given to the time and space resolution of the data. In many instances the time and space resolution requirements for understanding why the climate changed are not synonymous with understanding how, it has changed or varied. This is particularly true within the surface boundary layer. A standard global daily/monthly climate message should also be introduced to supplement current Global Telecommunication System's CLIMAT data. Overall, a call is made for improvements in routine weather observing, data management, and analysis systems. Routine observations have provided (and will continue to provide) most of the information regarding how the climate has changed during the last 100 years affecting where we live, work, and grow our food.
RP KARL, TR (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,NCDC,GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB,FED BLDG,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA.
NR 59
TC 62
Z9 66
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 8
BP 1481
EP 1494
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1481:DCVACN>2.0.CO;2
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LT804
UT WOS:A1993LT80400001
ER

PT J
AU RASMUSSON, EM
   ARKIN, PA
AF RASMUSSON, EM
   ARKIN, PA
TI A GLOBAL VIEW OF LARGE-SCALE PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; LAND-SURFACE
   PARAMETRIZATIONS; NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SUB-SAHARAN DROUGHT;
   NORTHEAST BRAZIL; EL-NINO; AMAZONIAN DEFORESTATION; TROPICAL
   DEFORESTATION; MONSOON RAINFALL
AB Observational studies and model experiments make abundantly clear the need for a global perspective in order to understand the nature and causes of persistent regional precipitation anomalies. Rainfall in the deep tropics is particularly important as a forcing mechanism for the atmosphere's large-scale circulation and climate. Analysis of systematic space-based observations and surface marine data over the past three decades has vastly improved our understanding of tropical convective regimes and their relationship to surface conditions. The characteristics of the annual cycle of tropical convection and its relationship to sea surface temperature field and the general circulation of the tropics are reviewed. The hierarchal nature of tropical precipitation variability on time/space scales ranging from synoptic cloud clusters through the intraseasonal Madden-Julian Oscillation to multiyear El Nino-Southern Oscillation cycle is discussed. Links between tropical convection and extratropical precipitation on time scales ranging from synoptic to multiyear are examined, with emphasis on conditions over the North Pacific-North American sector during winter.
   Precipitation variability over a number of regions bordering the Atlantic basin are related to Atlantic sector modes of SST and circulation variability. Systematic modes of Atlantic variability and their relationship to regional precipitation variability are described with emphasis on the tropics.
   Changes in landscape characteristics (vegetative cover, soil moisture, surface roughness), whether natural or human induced, result in changes in the surface radiation balance and the fluxes of heat and moisture. Our current understanding of the role of land surface processes in sustaining or intensifying anomalous precipitation regimes is briefly discussed. Identification of an anthropogenic trend in the presence of decadal-scale natural variations in precipitation is a formidable challenge. Three examples of large-amplitude secular variations in regional precipitation regimes (Sahel, North American Great Plains, and India) are discussed in terms of possible forcing mechanisms.
   Continuous global monitoring of precipitation is a challenging task. Satellite-based observations, in conjunction with effective use of surface-based ''ground truth'' data and further development of four-dimensional data assimilation methodology, offer the only realistic prospects for significant improvement in the monitoring and quantification of global precipitation. Current methods for estimating precipitation from space-based observations are described and an overview of the upcoming Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission is included.
C1 NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20230.
RP RASMUSSON, EM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA.
RI Arkin, Phillip/F-5808-2010
NR 98
TC 41
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 8
BP 1495
EP 1522
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1495:AGVOLS>2.0.CO;2
PG 28
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LT804
UT WOS:A1993LT80400002
ER

PT J
AU JANOWIAK, JE
AF JANOWIAK, JE
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER 1991 - WARM (ENSO) EPISODE
   CONDITIONS STRENGTHEN
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; OCEAN
RP JANOWIAK, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NMC,NWS,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 11
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 8
BP 1616
EP 1638
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1616:TGCFSW>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LT804
UT WOS:A1993LT80400008
ER

PT J
AU KOUSKY, VE
AF KOUSKY, VE
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF DECEMBER 1991 FEBRUARY 1992 - MATURE-PHASE WARM
   (ENSO) EPISODE CONDITIONS DEVELOP
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; PRECIPITATION
RP KOUSKY, VE (reprint author), NOAA,NMC,CAC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 14
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 8
BP 1639
EP 1655
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1639:TGCODM>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LT804
UT WOS:A1993LT80400009
ER

PT J
AU DOUGLAS, MW
   MADDOX, RA
   HOWARD, K
   REYES, S
AF DOUGLAS, MW
   MADDOX, RA
   HOWARD, K
   REYES, S
TI THE MEXICAN MONSOON
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Note
ID MARITIME TROPICAL AIR; UNITED-STATES; SUMMER; CALIFORNIA; GULF
AB The pronounced maximum in rainfall during the warm season over southwestern North America has been noted by various investigators. In the United States this is most pronounced over New Mexico and southern Arizona; however, it is but an extension of a much larger-scale phenomenon that appears to be centered over northwestern Mexico. This phenomenon, herein termed the ''Mexican monsoon,'' is described from analyses of monthly mean rainfall, geostationary satellite imagery, and rawinsonde data, In particular, the authors note the geographical extent and magnitude of the summer rains, the rapidity of their onset, and the timing of the month of maximum rainfall. Finally, the difficulty in explaining the observed precipitation distribution and its timing from monthly mean upper-air wind and moisture patterns is discussed.
C1 CTR INVEST CIENTIFICAS & EDUC SUPER ENSENADA,ENSENADA,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO.
RP DOUGLAS, MW (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 24
TC 401
Z9 405
U1 0
U2 22
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 8
BP 1665
EP 1677
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1665:TMM>2.0.CO;2
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LT804
UT WOS:A1993LT80400011
ER

PT J
AU MATHEW, M
   TAKAGI, S
   AMMON, HL
AF MATHEW, M
   TAKAGI, S
   AMMON, HL
TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM ADIPATE MONOHYDRATE
SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID PROGRAM
AB The crystal structure of calcium adipate monohydrate, Ca(C6H8O4) . H2O, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The crystals are triclinic with a = 5.8990(3), b = 6.7985(5), c = 10.8212(6) angstrom, alpha = 78.999(5), beta = 81.831(5), and gamma = 82.971(5)-degrees, space group P1BAR, Z = 2, V = 419.65(8) angstrom3, d(m) = 1.59, d(c) = 1.600 Mg M-3. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to R = 0.040, R(w) = 0.058 for 1283 reflections with I greater-than-or-equal-to 3sigma(I). Ca is coordinated to seven oxygen atoms and the coordination polyhedron is best described as pentagonal bipyramid. The coordinations of the two carboxylate groups in adipate ion are quite different. One carboxylate group binds three different Ca ions forming a four-membered chelate ring with one Ca ion and unidentate bridge bonds to two other Ca ions. The other carboxylate group links to two Ca ions through unidentate bonds. The structure is highly polymeric, but with a layer-type structure parallel to (001) with the hydrocarbon chains sandwiched between the polar regions consisting of Ca, carboxylate and water molecules.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742.
RP MATHEW, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 17
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0277-8068
J9 J CRYST SPECTROSC
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 23
IS 8
BP 617
EP 621
DI 10.1007/BF01325183
PG 5
WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy
SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy
GA LP626
UT WOS:A1993LP62600001
ER

PT J
AU MATHEW, M
   SCHROEDER, LW
   BROWN, WE
AF MATHEW, M
   SCHROEDER, LW
   BROWN, WE
TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF DICALCIUM POTASSIUM TRIHYDROGEN BIS(PYROPHOSPHATE)
   TRIHYDRATE
SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB The crystal structure of Ca2KH3(P2O7)2 . 3H2O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a = 10.518(3), b = 19.253(9), c = 7.340(3)angstrom, beta = 90.07(2)-degrees, and Z = 4. The structure was refined to R = 0.048 and R(w) = 0.044 for 1839 reflections with I greater-than-or-equal-to 3sigma(I). The structure consists of a compact assembly of Ca, K, HP2O7, and H2P2O7 ions and three water molecules arranged in layers perpendicular to the b-axis. The two independent Ca ions and the HP2O7 ion comprise one layer; K and H2P2O7 ions and the three water molecules form an interstitial layer. Coordinations of the two independent Ca ions are quite similar, but the environments of HP2O7 and H2P2O7 ions are quite different, probably due to their locations in different layers. The general structural features are quite similar to those of Ca(NH4)HP2O7.
C1 US FDA,BUR RADIOL HLTH,DIV BIOL EFFECTS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857.
RP MATHEW, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 12
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0277-8068
J9 J CRYST SPECTROSC
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 23
IS 8
BP 657
EP 661
DI 10.1007/BF01325190
PG 5
WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy
SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy
GA LP626
UT WOS:A1993LP62600008
ER

PT J
AU LOWNEY, JR
   SEILER, DG
   THURBER, WR
   YU, Z
   SONG, XN
   LITTLER, CL
AF LOWNEY, JR
   SEILER, DG
   THURBER, WR
   YU, Z
   SONG, XN
   LITTLER, CL
TI HEAVILY ACCUMULATED SURFACES OF MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE DETECTORS -
   THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE HGCDTE PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DETECTORS; SHUBNIKOV-DEHAAS OSCILLATIONS; SURFACE
   PASSIVATION; 2D ELECTRON GAS
ID HG1-XCDXTE; GAP
AB Some processes used to passivate n-type mercury cadmium telluride photoconductive infrared detectors produce electron accumulation layers at the surfaces, which result in 2D electron gases. The dispersion relations for the electric subbands that occur in these layers have been calculated from first principles. Poisson's equation for the built-in potential and Schroedinger's equation for the eigenstates have been solved self-consistently. The cyclotron effective masses and Fermi energies have been computed for each subband density for 12 total densities between 0.1 to 5.0 X 10(12) cm-2. The agreement with Shubnikov-de Haas measurements is very good at lower densities with possible improvement if band-gap narrowing effects were to be included. At higher densities, larger differences occur. The simple 2D description is shown to break down as the density increases because the wave functions of the conduction and valence bands cannot be well separated by the narrow band gap of long-wavelength detectors. These results provide a basis for characterizing the passivation processes, which greatly affect device performance.
C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,DENTON,TX 76203.
RP LOWNEY, JR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 13
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086
SN 0361-5235
J9 J ELECTRON MATER
JI J. Electron. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 22
IS 8
BP 985
EP 991
DI 10.1007/BF02817514
PG 7
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LR505
UT WOS:A1993LR50500027
ER

PT J
AU TUNG, MS
   BOWEN, HJ
   DERKSON, GD
   PASHLEY, DH
AF TUNG, MS
   BOWEN, HJ
   DERKSON, GD
   PASHLEY, DH
TI EFFECTS OF CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS ON DENTIN PERMEABILITY
SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INVITRO
AB Calcium phosphate solutions at various concentrations and pH levels were used to obstruct the dentinal tubules. The effects were evaluated by measurements of permeability through dentin discs and by scanning electron microscopy. Precipitation kinetics were followed by pH changes in the solutions and products were determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The solutions were applied in two ways: (a) calcium and phosphate solutions were mixed before application and (b) one solution (calcium or phosphate) was applied first followed by the other solution. Three kinds of human dentin discs were used; one with smear layer and the other two with tubules exposed by sonication or etched by acid. The high concentration calcium phosphate solutions at pH = 9.5 rapidly precipitated amorphous calcium phosphates that obstructed the dentinal tubules and decreased dentin permeability by 85% or more. At pH = 5.6, the calcium phosphate solutions precipitated large crystals of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. In this case, the effectiveness in obstructing dentinal tubules was found to be procedure sensitive.
C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA.
   MED COLL GEORGIA,SCH DENT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912.
RP TUNG, MS (reprint author), NIST,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,BLDG 224,ROOM A153,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 08916, DE 06427]
NR 14
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0099-2399
J9 J ENDODONT
JI J. Endod.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 19
IS 8
BP 383
EP 387
DI 10.1016/S0099-2399(06)81500-1
PG 5
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA LQ521
UT WOS:A1993LQ52100001
PM 8263438
ER

PT J
AU CASTRO, IP
   KUMAR, A
   SNYDER, WH
   ARYA, SPS
AF CASTRO, IP
   KUMAR, A
   SNYDER, WH
   ARYA, SPS
TI REMOVAL OF SLIGHTLY HEAVY GASES FROM A VALLEY BY CROSSWINDS
SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
ID DISPERSION; WAKES
AB Wind tunnel experiments made to determine how rapidly dense gas is removed from a topographical depression by a crosswind are reported. The density and flow rate of the gas (input at the bottom of a V-shaped valley in otherwise homogeneous, flat terrain) were together sufficiently low to prevent pooling of the gas on the valley floor. In terms of the earlier and complimentary work of Briggs et al. (J. Hazardous Mater., 24 (1990) 1-33), who considered only pooling cases, the present work concentrates on cases for which the relevant Richardson numbers (Ri0 = gHDELTArho/(rhoU-0(2)) are relatively low. A simple theory is described, based on assumptions about the way in which the (slightly) heavy gas is removed by turbulent entrainment from the separated flow in the valley. For the steady state case, the theoretical result C0/C(s) = epsilonV0(1 + alphaRi0n) is shown to fit the data quite well, where C0/C(s) is the ratio of the average valley concentration to the source gas concentration, V0 is the dimensionless source flow rate and epsilon, alpha and n are constants. For the transient experiments, in which the source was suddenly removed and the decay of valley concentration was measured, the data are shown to be reasonably consistent with the theory, for both neutral and heavy gas releases: -ln(C') + alphaRi0n (1 - C'n)/n = t'/tau, where C' = C(t)/C(s) and tau is a decay time constant. Although Reynolds number effects are shown to be significant in certain cases, the results provide a framework for estimating how long a heavy gas spill will take to disperse from depressions which are sufficiently steep-sided to embody regions of separation in windy conditions aloft.
C1 SIRRINE ENVIRONM CONSULTANTS,CARY,NC 27511.
   NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
   N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27612.
RP CASTRO, IP (reprint author), UNIV SURREY,DEPT MECH ENGN,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND.
NR 9
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3894
J9 J HAZARD MATER
JI J. Hazard. Mater.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 34
IS 3
BP 271
EP 293
DI 10.1016/0304-3894(93)85095-V
PG 23
WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA LU059
UT WOS:A1993LU05900001
ER

PT J
AU REED, RK
   STABENO, PJ
AF REED, RK
   STABENO, PJ
TI THE RECENT RETURN OF THE ALASKAN STREAM TO NEAR STRAIT
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN BERING SEA; CURRENTS; VARIABILITY; SLOPE
AB A hydrocast survey was conducted near the western Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea in September 1992. Presence of the Alaskan Stream was indicated by temperatures > 4-degrees-C to depths in excess of 200 m. Geopotential topography showed the Alaskan Stream flowing through Near Strait into the Bering Sea, with branches also flowing northward through Amchitka and Buldir passes. Satellite-tracked drifter paths were in general agreement with these features. Transport through Near Strait was approximately 5 X 10(6) m3 S-1. Previous research indicated that the Stream had been absent from the Strait for more than a year. Data from three current moorings (13-mo duration), however, suggested that the Alaskan Stream started flowing through Near Strait in October 1991 and continued into September 1992. This inflow had periods of both steady and variable flow.
RP REED, RK (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 11
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY
PI NEW HAVEN
PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520
SN 0022-2402
J9 J MAR RES
JI J. Mar. Res.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 51
IS 3
BP 515
EP 527
DI 10.1357/0022240933224025
PG 13
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LY177
UT WOS:A1993LY17700004
ER

PT J
AU DAM, HG
   PETERSON, WT
AF DAM, HG
   PETERSON, WT
TI SEASONAL CONTRASTS IN THE DIEL VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, FEEDING-BEHAVIOR,
   AND GRAZING IMPACT OF THE COPEPOD TEMORA-LONGICORNIS IN LONG-ISLAND
   SOUND
SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID NATURAL PARTICLE ASSEMBLAGES; NEW-YORK BIGHT; CALANUS-PACIFICUS;
   PHYTOPLANKTON CONCENTRATION; DIGESTIVE ACCLIMATION; ADAPTIVE
   SIGNIFICANCE; CENTROPAGES-TYPICUS; PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; FOOD
   AVAILABILITY; UPWELLING SYSTEM
AB We studied diel variability in vertical distribution, feeding behavior and grazing impact of female Temora longicornis in Long Island Sound on seven cruises from March to July. T. longicornis usually performed diel vertical migration characterized by deep residence during the day and ascent to near-surface waters at night for variable periods. The pattern of diel migration was independent of either the vertical distribution or relative abundance of chlorophyll in the water column. There was no clear evidence linking the amplitude of vertical migration to food concentration. Rather, the amplitude of migration decreased toward the end of the season probably due to animals avoiding warm waters (> 17-degrees-C) near the surface. Gut pigment content showed diel variation characterized by maximum values during, the nighttime. However, the estimated mean ingestion rate from the nighttime period was significantly greater than that of the daytime period in only 2 of 11 comparisons indicating that this copepod usually fed throughout the day at about the same rate. The shape of the diel curve was usually similar for females at 5 and 20 m. Usually there was no difference in gut content of females with depth even when differences in chlorophyll with depth were pronounced. Therefore, the diel variability in gut content was unlikely to result from continuous feeding in a vertically stratified food environment. Short-term (hourly) changes in chlorophyll concentration could not entirely account for changes in gut content over a diel cycle. We estimate that female T. longicornis removed daily < 1-34% of the phytoplankton stock and < 1-49% of the primary production in Long Island Sound. Estimates of daily carbon rations indicate that a herbivorous diet can satisfy the metabolic requirements and support egg production of T. longicornis throughout most of its season.
C1 NOAA,NMFS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
RP DAM, HG (reprint author), UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340, USA.
RI Dam, Hans/A-9723-2015
OI Dam, Hans/0000-0001-6121-5038
NR 84
TC 43
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 4
PU KLINE GEOLOGY LABORATORY
PI NEW HAVEN
PA YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520
SN 0022-2402
J9 J MAR RES
JI J. Mar. Res.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 51
IS 3
BP 561
EP 594
DI 10.1357/0022240933223972
PG 34
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LY177
UT WOS:A1993LY17700006
ER

PT J
AU DAWSON, MA
   RENFRO, JL
AF DAWSON, MA
   RENFRO, JL
TI INTERACTION OF STRUCTURALLY SIMILAR PESTICIDES WITH ORGANIC ANION
   TRANSPORT BY PRIMARY CULTURES OF WINTER FLOUNDER RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULE
SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
LA English
DT Article
ID BASOLATERAL MEMBRANE-VESICLES; ACID; KIDNEY; NA+
AB We assessed the interaction of several pesticides with renal organic anion transport based on inhibition of the active transepithelial transport of p-aminohippuric acid ([H-3]PAH) by primary cultures of winter flounder proximal tubules.  Four structurally similar chlorophenoxy acid herbicides were tested. 2-Methyl-4 chlorophenoxyacetic acid at 0.1 mM had no effect on PAH transport. 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, 2-(2-methyl,4 chlorophenoxy)propionic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited PAH secretion with IC50 values (median inhibitory concentrations) of 0.09, 0.2 and 0.2 mM, respectively. At 2-(2-methyl,4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid concentrations of    10(-7) to 10(-6) M, PAH secretion was stimulated to 132 and 139% of controls, respectively, at 2 hr. 2,2-bis-p-chlorophenylacetic acid was tested at concentrations of    10(-7) to 10(-3) M and inhibited with an IC50 of 0.02 mM. At   10(-7) M 2,2-bis-p-chlorophenylacetic acid, a delayed increase was again seen in which PAH secretion increased to 154% of control at 2 hr. The anticholinesterase insecticide phosphothioic acid O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl ester), its more active metabolite O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6 trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphate and its dimethyl analog, phosphothioic acid O,O-dimethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl ester) were tested at 0.1 mM. Phosphothioic acid O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trich-loro-2-pyridinyl ester) increased PAH secretion significantly to 115% of control whereas the O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphate inhibited by 28%. The biphasic effects exhibited in the dose-response curves of several pesticides are similar to those noted with respect to a-ketoglutarate and may reflect time-dependent trans and cis interactions on the basolateral PAH:alpha-ketoglutarate anion exchanger.
C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR MARINE FRESHWATER BIOMED SCI,BOX U-42,STORRS,CT 06269.
   UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYSIOL & NEUROBIOL,STORRS,CT 06268.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460.
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO3848]
NR 14
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436
SN 0022-3565
J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER
JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 266
IS 2
BP 673
EP 677
PG 5
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA LT482
UT WOS:A1993LT48200027
PM 7689103
ER

PT J
AU PINE, AS
AF PINE, AS
TI SELF-BROADENING, N2-BROADENING AND AR-BROADENING AND LINE MIXING IN HCN
   AND C2H2
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC RATES; RAMAN-Q-BRANCH; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED
   ACETYLENE; SCALING THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; TUNABLE-DIODE-LASER;
   ENERGY-TRANSFER; DOUBLE-RESONANCE; SPECTRA; BAND; CO2
AB Self-, N2- and Ar-broadening coefficients have been measured for the stretch-bend infrared combination bands nu1 + nu2(1) (4004 cm-1) of HCN and nu1 + nu5(1) (4091 cm-1) of C2H2 using a tunable difference-frequency laser. At atmospheric pressures, the Q branches of these bands exhibit significant rotational narrowing or line mixing. The broadening coefficients have been fit with empirical rotationally inelastic collision rate laws, which are then used to model the line mixing in the overlapped Q-branch profiles. Simple energy gap fitting laws appear to be suitable for the shorter-range intermolecular quadrupole-quadrupole and induction forces, whereas an energy-corrected-sudden scaling law works better for the longer-range dipole-dipole and dipole-quadrupole collision partners. In all cases, the line-coupling coefficients are substantially reduced from the rotationally inelastic rates fit to the broadening coefficients, indicating that 35-70% of the broadening may be due to other collisional mechanisms such as cross-relaxation to the degenerate PI state vibrational level.
RP PINE, AS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 59
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 2
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 2
BP 149
EP 166
DI 10.1016/0022-4073(93)90114-W
PG 18
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA LN811
UT WOS:A1993LN81100002
ER

PT J
AU MARKOV, VN
   PINE, AS
   BUFFA, G
   TARRINI, O
AF MARKOV, VN
   PINE, AS
   BUFFA, G
   TARRINI, O
TI SELF-BROADENING IN THE NU(1) BAND OF NH3
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE PRESSURE LINESHIFTS; AMMONIA LINES; 2-NU-2 BAND; (NH3)-N-14;
   CO2; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION; RELAXATION; HYDROGEN; SPECTRA
AB Self-broadening coefficients, pressure shifts and integrated intensities have been measured for Q- and R-branch transitions in the nu1 fundamental band of ammonia using a difference-frequency laser spectrometer. A strong, systematic J and K dependence of the broadening coefficients, reminiscent of the ground-state inversion transitions, is observed and compared with semiclassical line broadening calculations. Dicke narrowing is evident at intermediate pressures for the sharpest lines, primarily the R(J, 0) transitions. Incipient line mixing is apparent in the Q branch at pressures above approximately 0.1 bar.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV PISA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,I-56100 PISA,ITALY.
   NIZHNY NOVGOROD ACAD SCI,INST APPL PHYS,NIZHNII NOVGOROD,RUSSIA.
NR 39
TC 39
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 2
BP 167
EP 178
DI 10.1016/0022-4073(93)90115-X
PG 12
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA LN811
UT WOS:A1993LN81100003
ER

PT J
AU LEE, SW
   HSU, SM
   SHEN, MC
AF LEE, SW
   HSU, SM
   SHEN, MC
TI CERAMIC WEAR MAPS - ZIRCONIA
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TRANSFORMATION; FRICTION; WATER
AB The wear characteristics of an yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) are represented by a set of three-dimensional wear maps under dry and lubricated conditions. Water, paraffin oil, and a formulated oil were used as lubricants. Different wear regions were identified as a function of load, speed, and lubrication environment. Sudden increases in wear, identified as wear transitions, were found at certain loads and speeds. The onset of wear transitions was moderated by the presence of a lubricant. Below the wear transitions, the wear was mild and the wear mechanism was predominantly plastic deformation and microfracture. Above the wear transitions, the wear was severe, dominated by brittle fracture and third-body abrasion. Different fluids had different effects on wear. Water had a deleterious effect on wear for this material. The presence of oil lubricants effectively reduced friction and moderated wear. Under high load and high speed, additional stress induced by a thermal gradient within a small area contributed significantly to wear. A critical velocity model was found to describe the locations of the wear transition zones successfully.
RP LEE, SW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 25
TC 63
Z9 71
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 76
IS 8
BP 1937
EP 1947
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb08315.x
PG 11
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA LZ615
UT WOS:A1993LZ61500005
ER

PT J
AU NILSSON, WB
   HUDSON, JK
AF NILSSON, WB
   HUDSON, JK
TI SOLUBILITY OF SIMPLE AND MIXED TRIACYLGLYCEROLS IN SUPERCRITICAL CO2
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
DE OLEIC ACID; OLEOYL-DIPALMITOYLGLYCEROL; PALMITIC ACID;
   PALMITOYL-DIOLEOYLGLYCEROL; PARTITION COEFFICIENTS; SOLUBILITIES;
   SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE; TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; TRIOLEOYLGLYCEROL;
   TRIPALMITOYLGLYCEROL
ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; FLUID EXTRACTION; TRIGLYCERIDES; OIL; FRACTIONATION;
   MIXTURES; GLYCEROL; GASES; ACID
AB A simple mixture of triacylglycerols (TAGs) was synthesized enzymatically from palmitic acid and oleic acid.  The mixture contained tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP), trioleoyl-glycerol (OOO), and various isomers of palmitoyl-dioleoyl-glycerol (POO) and oleoyl-dipalmnitoylglycerol (PPO).  The behavior of this TAG mixture in equilibrium with super-critical carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) was studied at 40 and 60-degrees-C between 172 and 310 bar. Generally, the partition coefficients varied inversely with species molecular weight.  The solubilities of PPP and OOO in SF-CO2 were determined at the same conditions. PPP was markedly more soluble in SF-CO2 when present in the TAG mixture than as a pure compound.
RP NILSSON, WB (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,NMFS,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 23
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489
SN 0003-021X
J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 70
IS 8
BP 749
EP 754
DI 10.1007/BF02542595
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology
SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology
GA LR822
UT WOS:A1993LR82200003
ER

PT J
AU SUGAR, J
   KAUFMAN, V
   ROWAN, WL
AF SUGAR, J
   KAUFMAN, V
   ROWAN, WL
TI SPECTRA OF AG-I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE OBSERVED FROM ER21+ TO AU32+
SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVELENGTHS
AB Spectra of highly ionized Er, Yb, Hf, W, Pt, and Au were observed with the TEXT tokamak at the University of Texas at Austin. These metals were injected into the tokamak plasma by laser ablation of thin-film targets. Spectra were photographed with a 2.2-m grazing-incidence spectrograph in the range 40-300 angstrom. Three strong doublets of the Ag I isoelectronic sequence were identified: 4d(10)4f-4d(9)4f(1P)4f2b, 2F and 2G. Interpolated and extrapolated wavelengths in this sequence were derived from plots of the difference between observed and calculated values for the transition energies. The correspondence of the W wavelengths with previously reported tokamak spectra is shown.
C1 UNIV TEXAS,FUS RES CTR,AUSTIN,TX 78712.
RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0740-3224
J9 J OPT SOC AM B
JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 10
IS 8
BP 1321
EP 1325
DI 10.1364/JOSAB.10.001321
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LT187
UT WOS:A1993LT18700002
ER

PT J
AU ZHANG, YQ
   HUBER, AH
   ARYA, SPS
   SNYDER, WH
AF ZHANG, YQ
   HUBER, AH
   ARYA, SPS
   SNYDER, WH
TI NUMERICAL-SIMULATION TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF INCIDENT WIND SHEAR AND
   TURBULENCE LEVEL ON THE FLOW AROUND A BUILDING
SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1ST INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON COMPUTATIONAL WIND ENGINEERING ( CWE92 )
CY AUG 21-23, 1992
CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN
SP JAPAN ASSOC WIND ENGN, UNIV TOKYO, INST IND SCI
HO UNIV TOKYO
AB The effects of incident shear and turbulence on flow around a cubical building are being investigated by a turbulent kinetic energy/dissipation (kappa-epsilon) model (TEMPEST). The numerical simulations demonstrate significant effects due to the differences in the incident flow. The addition of upstream turbulence and shear results in a reduced size of the cavity directly behind the building.
   The accuracy of numerical simulations is verified by comparing the predicted mean flow fields with the available wind-tunnel measurements of Castro and Robins (1977). Comparing our results with experimental data, we show that the TEMPEST model can reasonably simulate the mean flow.
C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711.
RP ZHANG, YQ (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA.
NR 5
TC 17
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6105
J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD
JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 46-7
BP 129
EP 134
DI 10.1016/0167-6105(93)90122-5
PG 6
WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics
SC Engineering; Mechanics
GA LY577
UT WOS:A1993LY57700013
ER

PT J
AU PATTERSON, GW
   GLADU, PK
   WIKFORS, GH
   PARISH, EJ
   LIVANT, PD
   LUSBY, WR
AF PATTERSON, GW
   GLADU, PK
   WIKFORS, GH
   PARISH, EJ
   LIVANT, PD
   LUSBY, WR
TI IDENTIFICATION OF 2 NOVEL DIHYDROXYSTEROLS FROM PAVLOVA
SO LIPIDS
LA English
DT Note
ID TWO-DIMENSIONAL NMR; ALGAL; STEROLS; GROWTH
AB Pavlova gyrans and P. lutheri were cultured, and the dihydroxysterols were isolated from the free sterol and the polar sterol fractions. Four dihydroxysterols were detected in amounts greater than 1% of total sterol by gas chromatography and were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The two principal sterols were isolated by chromatography on alumina followed by hydrophobic Sephadex column chromatography. The two sterols appeared to differ by having either a methyl or an ethyl group at C-24; they were termed ''methylpavlovol'' and ''ethylpavlovol.'' Analysis by 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance showed that methylpavlovol is 4alpha,24beta-dimethylcholestan-3beta,4beta-diol and ethylpavlovol is 4alpha-methyl,24beta-ethylcholestan-3beta,4beta-diol. The 4alpha-methyl, 4beta-hydroxy configuration has not been observed previously in a natural sterol. Dihydroxysterols make up approximately one-third of the total sterols in these Pavlova species. Neither the biosynthetic origin of these dihydroxysterols nor their role in the biochemistry of Pavlova is known.
C1 LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728.
   AUBURN UNIV,DEPT CHEM,AUBURN,AL 36849.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460.
   USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT BOT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA.
NR 17
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC
PI CHAMPAIGN
PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489
SN 0024-4201
J9 LIPIDS
JI Lipids
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 28
IS 8
BP 771
EP 773
DI 10.1007/BF02536003
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA LT265
UT WOS:A1993LT26500018
ER

PT J
AU HINCKLEY, S
   BAILEY, K
   PICQUELLE, S
   YOKLAVICH, M
   STABENO, P
AF HINCKLEY, S
   BAILEY, K
   PICQUELLE, S
   YOKLAVICH, M
   STABENO, P
TI AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY AND TRANSPORT OF LARVAL WALLEYE POLLOCK
   THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA IN THE WESTERN GULF OF ALASKA
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SHELIKOF STRAIT; COASTAL CURRENT; GROWTH; FISH; JUVENILE; SURVIVAL;
   PALLAS; PATCH; EGG
AB A field study was conducted in May 1988 to estimate mortality rates of individual cohorts of larval walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in Shelikof Strait, Gulf of Alaska. Two surveys of the area of larval distribution were done 12 d apart and daily mortality rates estimated from changes in abundance of each cohort. This study was designed to minimize potential sources of bias to mortality estimates, such as larval extrusion or escapement from sampling gear, advective or diffusive gain or loss of larvae into or out of the sampling area, the uncertainty incurred by the use of length as a proxy for age, and the often erroneous assumption of constant production and mortality rates. The age-specific mortality rates from this study were low compared to rates previously estimated for larval wall-eye pollock. Four significant mortality estimates, ranging from 0.041 to 0.076 d-1, came from among the youngest cohorts. The low larval mortality rates in 1988 coincided with very calm ocean conditions. Larval drift rates estimated in this study were coherent with the movement of a satellite-tracked drift buoy and averaged 3.1 to 3.9 cm s-1, which is comparable to rates reported from other studies.
C1 NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, PACIFIC FISHERIES ENVIRONM GRP, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, MONTEREY, CA 93942 USA.
   NOAA, OAR, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
RP HINCKLEY, S (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA.
NR 39
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 1-2
BP 17
EP 29
DI 10.3354/meps098017
PG 13
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography
GA LT151
UT WOS:A1993LT15100002
ER

PT J
AU WIGHT, SA
   ZEISSLER, CJ
AF WIGHT, SA
   ZEISSLER, CJ
TI ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE IMAGING EXAMPLES RELATED TO
   PARTICLE ANALYSIS
SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
LA English
DT Article
DE SURFACE CHARGING; ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES;
   FILTERS; AIR SAMPLES; CONDUCTIVE COATING
AB This work provides examples of some of the imaging capabilities of environmental scanning electron microscopy applied to easily charged samples relevant to particle analysis. Environmental SEM (also referred to as high pressure or low vacuum SEM) can address uncoated samples that are known to be difficult to image. Most of these specimens are difficult to image by conventional SEM even when coated with a conductive layer. Another area where environmental SEM is particularly applicable is for specimens not compatible with high vacuum, such as volatile specimens. Samples from which images were obtained that otherwise may not have been possible by conventional methods included fly ash particles on an oiled plastic membrane impactor substrate, a one micrometer diameter fiber mounted on the end of a wire, uranium oxide particles embedded in oil-bearing cellulose nitrate, teflon and polycarbonate filter materials with collected air particulate matter, polystryene latex spheres on cellulosic filter paper, polystyrene latex spheres ''loosely'' sitting on a glass slide, and subsurface tracks in an etched nuclear track-etch detector. Surface charging problems experienced in high vacuum SEMs are virtually eliminated in the low vacuum SEM, extending imaging capabilities to samples previously difficult to use or incompatible with conventional methods.  (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.*
RP WIGHT, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLD 222,RM A113,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 9
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 1059-910X
J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ
JI Microsc. Res. Tech.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 5-6
BP 393
EP 397
DI 10.1002/jemt.1070250507
PG 5
WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy
SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics;
   Microscopy
GA LN846
UT WOS:A1993LN84600006
PM 8400430
ER

PT J
AU NEIMAN, PJ
   SHAPIRO, MA
AF NEIMAN, PJ
   SHAPIRO, MA
TI THE LIFE-CYCLE OF AN EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE .1. FRONTAL-CYCLONE
   EVOLUTION AND THERMODYNAMIC AIR-SEA INTERACTION
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID 18-19 FEBRUARY 1979; ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; PRESIDENTS DAY CYCLONE;
   SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES; EXPLOSIVE CYCLOGENESIS; BAROCLINIC WAVES; EASTERN
   PACIFIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; SCALE MODEL
AB The Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic was carried out over the western North Atlantic Ocean to provide temporally continuous comprehensive datasets from which to document the life cycle of extratropical marine cyclones. The most intense cyclogenetic event occurred on 4-5 January 1989 over the warm (>20-degrees-C) Gulf Stream current; the cyclone's central sea level pressure decreased by 60 mb in 24 h, from 996 to 936 mb. This study presents the synoptic-scale and mesoscale life cycle of this cyclone in two parts. Part I, presented here, describes the 24-h frontal-cyclone evolution through 6-h analyses of observations taken by specially deployed observing systems from air, land, and sea. The analyses of temperature, wind, and pressure about the incipient cyclone first illustrate the precursor signatures to cyclogenesis. The 850- and 500-mb temperature evolutions show a significant departure from the Norwegian frontal-cyclone model. In particular, the 850-mb analyses document 1) a storm-relative westward development of the warm front as a bent-back front into the polar airstream, and 2) the formation of a warm-core frontal seclusion in the post-cold-frontal coot air at the southwestern tip of the bent-back front. Analyses of sea level pressure provide a detailed account of cyclone intensification along the bent-back front. Infrared satellite imagery shows the evolution and immense size (approximately 5000 km) of the cyclone's cloud signature, and a 250-km-scale comma-cloud system in the vicinity of the warm-core seclusion situated at the southwestern tip of the large-scale comma head. Thermodynamic air-sea interaction diagnostics reveal large upward fluxes of heat and moisture from the sea surface into the marine boundary layer of the evolving cyclone. The maximum of combined upward flux approached 3000 W m-2, several times larger than that typically observed in both extratropical and tropical cyclones. These fluxes exhibited extreme spatial variability, reflecting the mesoscale characteristics of the cyclone circulation.
RP NEIMAN, PJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,CODE R E WP,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 64
TC 93
Z9 95
U1 2
U2 12
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 8
BP 2153
EP 2176
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2153:TLCOAE>2.0.CO;2
PG 24
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP877
UT WOS:A1993LP87700001
ER

PT J
AU NEIMAN, PJ
   SHAPIRO, MA
   FEDOR, LS
AF NEIMAN, PJ
   SHAPIRO, MA
   FEDOR, LS
TI THE LIFE-CYCLE OF AN EXTRATROPICAL MARINE CYCLONE .2. MESOSCALE
   STRUCTURE AND DIAGNOSTICS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; COLD-FRONT; AIR-FLOW;
   NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; GRAVITY CURRENT;
   SQUALL-LINE; FRONTOGENESIS; MODEL
AB This is the second of two articles describing the evolving structure and selected physical processes within an intense extratropical marine cyclone observed during the Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) field program. Part I describes the 24-h frontal-cyclone evolution through 6-h horizontal analyses of observations taken by specially deployed observing systems from air, land, and sea. Part II presents frontal-scale and precipitation structures and physical processes from analyses based primarily on research aircraft observations taken during three phases of the cyclone's life cycle. Horizontal analyses at 350 m above ground level describe the cyclone's mesoscale frontal baroclinic structure and associated flow patterns. The vertical structure and evolution of the cyclone's cold front, warm front, and bent-back front are illustrated in cross-sectional analyses of potential temperature, wind velocity, potential vorticity (PV), front-relative transverse flow vectors, diabatic heating, and PV tendencies. Of particular interest are the lower-tropospheric positive PV anomalies within the warm front and within its bent-back extension westward into the polar airstream. Airborne radar reflectivities and Doppler velocities provide a detailed account of the precipitation elements and associated wind flow patterns in the vicinity of the fronts, including mesoconvective radar reflectivities of greater than 50 dBZ and cross-frontal convergent flow exceeding -20 X 10(-4) s-1. Time series traces of the 1-s aircraft observations show large and rapid changes in meteorological variables as the aircraft crossed the narrow frontal zones.
RP NEIMAN, PJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,CODE R E WP,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 43
TC 90
Z9 93
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 8
BP 2177
EP 2199
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2177:TLCOAE>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP877
UT WOS:A1993LP87700002
ER

PT J
AU ZRNIC, DS
   BRINGI, VN
   BALAKRISHNAN, N
   AYDIN, K
   CHANDRASEKAR, V
   HUBBERT, J
AF ZRNIC, DS
   BRINGI, VN
   BALAKRISHNAN, N
   AYDIN, K
   CHANDRASEKAR, V
   HUBBERT, J
TI POLARIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS IN A SEVERE HAILSTORM
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPARAMETER RADAR MEASUREMENTS; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY RADAR;
   COLORADO CONVECTIVE STORMS; POLARIZATION RADAR; HAIL DETECTION;
   PRECIPITATION; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; GRAUPEL; RAIN
AB This study explores the utility of polarimetric measurements for discriminating between hydrometeor types with the emphasis,on (a) hail detection and discrimination of its size, (b) measurement of heavy precipitation, (c) identification and quantification of mixed-phase hydrometeors, and (d) discrimination of ice forms. In particular, we examine the specific differential phase, the backscatter differential phase, the correlation coefficient between vertically and horizontally polarized waves, and the differential reflectivity, collected from a storm at close range. Three range-height cross sections are analyzed together with complementary data from a prototype WSR-88D radar. The case is interesting because it demonstrates the complementary nature of these polarimetric measurands. Self-consistency among them allows qualitative and some quantitative discrimination between hydrometeors.
C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069.
   COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
   INDIAN INST SCI,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA.
   PENN STATE UNIV,COMMUN & SPACE SCI LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802.
NR 40
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 8
BP 2223
EP 2238
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2223:PMIASH>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP877
UT WOS:A1993LP87700004
ER

PT J
AU PENLAND, C
   GHIL, M
AF PENLAND, C
   GHIL, M
TI FORECASTING NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE 700-MB GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT ANOMALIES
   USING EMPIRICAL NORMAL-MODES
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID STOCHASTIC-DYNAMIC PREDICTION; OSCILLATION PATTERN-ANALYSIS;
   NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; SHORT-TIME
   SCALES; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; WINTER TEMPERATURES;
   STATISTICAL-MODELS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; MARKOV-CHAINS
AB Multivariate linear prediction based on single-lag inverse modeling is developed further and critically examined. The method is applied to the National Meteorological Center analyses of Northern Hemisphere 700-mb geopotential height anomalies, which have been filtered to eliminate periods shorter than 10 days. Empirically derived normal modes of the randomly forced linear system are usually correlated, even at zero lag, suggesting that combinations of modes should be used in predictions. Due to nonlinearities in the dynamics and the neglect of interactions with other pressure levels, the lag at which the analysis is performed is crucial; best predictions obtain when the autocovariances involved in the analysis are calculated at a lag comparable to the exponential decay times of the modes. Errors in prediction have a significant seasonal dependence, indicating that the annual cycle affects the higher-order statistics of the field. Optimized linear predictions using this method are useful for about half a day longer than predictions made by persistence.
   Conditional probabilities are much more efficiently calculated using normal-mode parameters than from histograms, and yield similar results. Maps of the model's Fourier spectra-integrated over specified frequency intervals and consistent with the assumptions made in a linear analysis-agree with maps obtained from fast Fourier transforms of the data.
C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,CTR CLIMATE DYNAM,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024.
   UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,INST GEOPHYS & PLANETARY PHYS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024.
RP PENLAND, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 78
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 8
BP 2355
EP 2372
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2355:FNHMGH>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP877
UT WOS:A1993LP87700012
ER

PT J
AU MCCABE, GT
   EMMETT, RL
   HINTON, SA
AF MCCABE, GT
   EMMETT, RL
   HINTON, SA
TI FEEDING ECOLOGY OF JUVENILE WHITE STURGEON NACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS) IN
   THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER
SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB The white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) supports important recreational and commercial fisheries in the lower Columbia River. Little is known about the ecology of white sturgeon, and the feeding ecology in particular has received only limited investigation. From April through October 1988, the feeding ecology of juvenile white sturgeon was studied in two areas of the lower Columbia River. Overall, the tube-dwelling amphipod Corophium salmonis was the most important prey for the two size classes of juvenile white sturgeon studied. However, during all sampling periods and at both areas (River Kilometers [RKm] 153 and 21 1), Size Class I white sturgeon (144-350 mm fork length) preyed more heavily on C. salmonis than did Size Class II white sturgeon (351 to 724 mm). Other temporally important prey for Size Class I white sturgeon included Corophium spinicorne, Neomysis sp., Chironomidae larvae, and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) eggs; other temporally important prey for Size Class Il white sturgeon included the bivalve Corbicula fluminea, Corophium spinicorne, Chironomidae larvae, and eulachon eggs. Index of Feeding analysis indicated that juvenile white sturgeon in both areas contained less food in September-October than in either May-June or July-August. Generally, the relationships between densities (abundances) of specific benthic organisms and white sturgeon diets were poor at RKm 153 and 21 1. Despite the importance of Corophium salmonis in the diets of juvenile white sturgeon, it was not abundant in the benthos (mean density, < 185 organisms/m2 in April and September).
RP MCCABE, GT (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV COASTAL ZONE & ESTUARINE STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 0
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 2
U2 10
PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV
PI PULLMAN
PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910
SN 0029-344X
J9 NORTHWEST SCI
JI Northwest Sci.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 67
IS 3
BP 170
EP 180
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA LY648
UT WOS:A1993LY64800004
ER

PT J
AU SCHRACK, RA
   WASSON, OA
   LARSON, DC
   DICKENS, JK
   TODD, JH
AF SCHRACK, RA
   WASSON, OA
   LARSON, DC
   DICKENS, JK
   TODD, JH
TI A RELATIVE MEASUREMENT OF THE B-10(N,ALPHA-1-GAMMA)LI-7 CROSS-SECTION
   BETWEEN 0.2 AND 4.0 MEV
SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSOLUTE
AB Relative cross-section measurements for the B-10(n, alpha1 gamma)Li-7 reaction were made using the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator Laboratory neutron source. The cross sections were measured by observing the 478-keV photon using an intrinsic germanium detector. The neutron flux was monitored with a high-efficiency plastic scintillator. Monte Carlo calculations were used to provide multiple-scattering and neutron-attenuation corrections to the data. The measured cross sections differ as much as 40% from the ENDF/B-VI evaluation for incident neutron energies greater than 1.5 MeV
C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
RP SCHRACK, RA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY
PI LA GRANGE PK
PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525
SN 0029-5639
J9 NUCL SCI ENG
JI Nucl. Sci. Eng.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 114
IS 4
BP 352
EP 362
PG 11
WC Nuclear Science & Technology
SC Nuclear Science & Technology
GA LQ419
UT WOS:A1993LQ41900005
ER

PT J
AU KOCH, GJ
   DEYST, JP
   STORM, ME
AF KOCH, GJ
   DEYST, JP
   STORM, ME
TI SINGLE-FREQUENCY LASING OF MONOLITHIC HO, TM-YLF
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER
AB Single-frequency lasing in monohtluc crystals of holmium-thulium-doped YLF (Ho,Tm:YLF) is reported. A maximum single-frequency output power of 6 mW at a wavelength of 2.05 mum is demonstrated. Frequency tuning is also described.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20879.
   HUGHES STX CORP,SEAFORD,VA 23696.
RP KOCH, GJ (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA.
NR 11
TC 54
Z9 58
U1 1
U2 8
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 15
BP 1235
EP 1237
DI 10.1364/OL.18.001235
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LP287
UT WOS:A1993LP28700011
PM 19823343
ER

PT J
AU BECK, M
   SMITHEY, DT
   COOPER, J
   RAYMER, MG
AF BECK, M
   SMITHEY, DT
   COOPER, J
   RAYMER, MG
TI EXPERIMENTAL-DETERMINATION OF NUMBER-PHASE UNCERTAINTY RELATIONS
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID QUANTUM PHASE; OPERATOR; STATES; FIELD; NOISE; LIGHT
AB An experimental determination of the uncertainty product for the phase and photon number of a mode of the electromagnetic field is performed. The expectation value of the commutator that sets the lower bound for the uncertainty product is also determined experimentally. This is accomplished by using optical homodyne tomography to measure the density matrix of a small-photon-number coherent state. The experimental results agree with the quantum-mechanical predictions.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV OREGON,INST CHEM PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403.
RP BECK, M (reprint author), UNIV OREGON,DEPT PHYS,EUGENE,OR 97403, USA.
OI Beck, Mark/0000-0002-2023-5128
NR 17
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD AUG 1
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 15
BP 1259
EP 1261
DI 10.1364/OL.18.001259
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LP287
UT WOS:A1993LP28700019
PM 19823351
ER

PT J
AU MACADAM, KB
   MORRISON, MA
AF MACADAM, KB
   MORRISON, MA
TI ALIGNMENT IN 2-STEP PULSED-LASER EXCITATION OF RYDBERG LEVELS IN
   LIGHT-ATOMS - THE EXAMPLE OF SODIUM
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-HELIUM COLLISIONS; STRUCTURE QUANTUM BEATS; CHARGE-TRANSFER;
   FINE-STRUCTURE; MILLIMETER SPECTROSCOPY; ANGULAR-CORRELATIONS;
   FIELD-IONIZATION; STATES; NA; ORIENTATION
AB Aligned atomic Rydberg states of sodium can be prepared using two-step excitation from the ground state by linearly polarized pulsed lasers. Information that is normally inaccessible, e.g., sublevel partial cross sections in charge-transfer experiments, can be obtained when aligned targets are used. The calculations of orbital alignment must carefully allow for fine and hyperfine structure, laser linewidths, pulse widths and delays, sublevel coherences, and other factors. In this paper we derive the orbital alignments and time-averaged d-state sublevel populations for 3 S-2(1/2)-->3 P-2J1-->n 2D excitations in Na using angular-momentum and density-matrix methods. We consider both quadrupole alignment A(2) and hexadecapole alignment A(4), with excitation through either J1=1/2 or 3/2 intermediate states considered on the same footing. We show sublevel populations for \M(L)\=0,1, and 2 analytically and graphically. Finally, we formulate the experimental design problem quantitatively in order to ascertain how to optimize the choice of polarizer angles for extraction of sublevel partial cross sections. Although perhaps the commonest instance, two-step excitation of Na(nd) is but one of a large number of interesting cases, and this study is further intended to illustrate and guide the application of these methods to other light atoms.
C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40506.
   UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,NORMAN,OK 73019.
RP MACADAM, KB (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NIST,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 50
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 2
BP 1345
EP 1358
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.1345
PG 14
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LQ990
UT WOS:A1993LQ99000062
ER

PT J
AU WALHOUT, M
   MEGENS, HJL
   WITTE, A
   ROLSTON, SL
AF WALHOUT, M
   MEGENS, HJL
   WITTE, A
   ROLSTON, SL
TI MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAPPING OF METASTABLE XENON - ISOTOPE-SHIFT MEASUREMENTS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID NEUTRAL ATOMS; LASER; BEAM
AB We have magneto-optically trapped the nine stable isotopes of xenon. Using the Zeeman slowing method to decelerate a beam of xenon atoms in the metastable 6s 3/2 [3/2]2 state (notation representing nl J(core) [K=J(core) + l]J), we load our trap to a collisionally limited density of more than 10(10) atoms/cm3. The two odd isotopes are trapped without a repumping frequency, even though they have hyperfine structure. The sensitivity of the trapping process to the laser frequency is exploited to make accurate measurements of the isotope shifts for the 6s 3/2 [3/2]2-->6p 3/2 [5/2]3 laser-cooling transition and of the hyperfine constants for Xe-131.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,5600 MB EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS.
RP WALHOUT, M (reprint author), NIST,BLDG 221,ROOM A167,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013
OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190
NR 16
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 2
BP R879
EP R882
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.R879
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LQ990
UT WOS:A1993LQ99000005
ER

PT J
AU KYCIA, SW
   GOLDMAN, AI
   LOGRASSO, TA
   DELANEY, DW
   BLACK, D
   SUTTON, M
   DUFRESNE, E
   BRUNING, R
   RODRICKS, B
AF KYCIA, SW
   GOLDMAN, AI
   LOGRASSO, TA
   DELANEY, DW
   BLACK, D
   SUTTON, M
   DUFRESNE, E
   BRUNING, R
   RODRICKS, B
TI DYNAMICAL X-RAY-DIFFRACTION FROM AN ICOSAHEDRAL QUASI-CRYSTAL
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Note
ID AL-CU-RU; MN
AB We present direct evidence of dynamical diffraction of x rays from a quasicrystal. High-resolution x-ray-diffraction measurements of the Al-Pd-Mn face-centered icosahedral quasicrystal were performed, revealing a mosaic full width at half maximum of less than 0.001-degrees. In a second experiment, the anomalous transmission of x rays (the Borrmann effect) was observed. These measurements show that nearly perfect quasicrystals may be grown to centimeter-size dimensions allowing x-ray techniques based upon dynamical diffraction to be brought to bear on the analysis of icosahedral structures.
C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011.
   NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   MCGILL UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CTR PHYS MAT,MONTREAL H3A 2T8,QUEBEC,CANADA.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP KYCIA, SW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA.
OI Dufresne, Eric/0000-0002-2077-4754
NR 14
TC 83
Z9 84
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD AUG 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 5
BP 3544
EP 3547
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.3544
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LQ989
UT WOS:A1993LQ98900091
ER

PT J
AU HOBBIE, EK
   REED, L
   HUANG, CC
   HAN, CC
AF HOBBIE, EK
   REED, L
   HUANG, CC
   HAN, CC
TI ASYMPTOTIC CROSSOVER IN POLYMER BLENDS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Note
ID NONASYMPTOTIC CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; CRITICAL
   REGION; MEAN-FIELD; FLUIDS; PHASE; SCATTERING; SYSTEMS
AB Susceptibility and specific-heat data for a low-molecular-weight polymer blend near its critical point of unmixing are compared with a match-point renormalization-group theory which describes the crossover from classical mean-field to fluctuation-dominated behavior near the critical temperature. Using the Flory-Huggins form of the bare free-energy density, the crossover function requires only two free parameters.
C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455.
RP HOBBIE, EK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013
NR 21
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1063-651X
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 2
BP 1579
EP 1582
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.48.1579
PG 4
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA LV383
UT WOS:A1993LV38300121
ER

PT J
AU BRAUN, RJ
   MCFADDEN, GB
   MURRAY, BT
   CORIELL, SR
   GLICKSMAN, ME
   SELLECK, ME
AF BRAUN, RJ
   MCFADDEN, GB
   MURRAY, BT
   CORIELL, SR
   GLICKSMAN, ME
   SELLECK, ME
TI ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR OF MODULATED TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOWS WITH A CRYSTALLINE
   INNER CYLINDER
SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS A-FLUID DYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INDUCED MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITIES; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION;
   UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; MELT INTERFACE; BINARY ALLOY; VORTEX
   FLOW; STABILITY; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; CONVECTION
AB The linear stability of a modulated Taylor-Couette system when the inner cylindrical boundary consists of a crystalline solid-liquid interface is considered. Both experimentally and in numerical calculations it is found that the two-phase system is significantly less stable than the analogous rigid-walled system for materials with moderately large Prandtl numbers. A numerical treatment based on Floquet theory is described, which gives results that are in good agreement with preliminary experimental findings. In addition, this instability is further examined by carrying out a formal asymptotic expansion of the solution in the limit of large Prandtl number. In this limit the Floquet analysis is considerably simplified, and the linear stability of the modulated system can be determined to leading order through a conventional stability analysis, without recourse to Floquet theory. The resulting simplified problem is then studied for both the narrow gap geometry and for the case of a finite gap. It is surprising that the determination of the linear stability of the two-phase system is considerably simpler than that of the rigid-walled system, despite the complications introduced by the presence of the crystal-melt interface.
C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,DEPT MAT ENGN,TROY,NY 12181.
RP BRAUN, RJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008
OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0899-8213
J9 PHYS FLUIDS A-FLUID
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 5
IS 8
BP 1891
EP 1903
DI 10.1063/1.858815
PG 13
WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
SC Mechanics; Physics
GA LN702
UT WOS:A1993LN70200006
ER

PT J
AU LIBBRECHT, KG
   HALL, JL
AF LIBBRECHT, KG
   HALL, JL
TI A LOW-NOISE HIGH-SPEED DIODE-LASER CURRENT CONTROLLER
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
AB We describe a new diode laser current controller which features low current noise, excellent dc stability, and the capacity for high-speed modulation. While it is simple and inexpensive to construct, the controller compares favorably with the best presently available commercial diode laser current controllers.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP LIBBRECHT, KG (reprint author), CALTECH,NORMAN BRIDGE LAB PHYS 12-33,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA.
NR 4
TC 79
Z9 81
U1 3
U2 16
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 64
IS 8
BP 2133
EP 2135
DI 10.1063/1.1143949
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LR979
UT WOS:A1993LR97900004
ER

PT J
AU CAMPBELL, EJ
   LOVAS, FJ
AF CAMPBELL, EJ
   LOVAS, FJ
TI EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF LINE-SHAPES FROM A BALLE-FLYGARE SPECTROMETER
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID FABRY-PEROT CAVITY; PHASE CORRECTION; MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; BASELINE
   DISTORTIONS; ROTATIONAL SPECTRA; FT NMR; ABSORPTION; GAS; SPECTROSCOPY;
   NH3
AB The line shape problem for the Balle-Flygare-type microwave spectrometer is reexamined experimentally using the method of sine and cosine Fourier transforms with a phase correction. Two previous studies [E. J. Campbell, L. W. Buxton, T. J. Balle, M. R. Keenan, and W. H. Flygare, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 829 (198 1), and F. J. Lovas and R. D. Suenram, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 2010 (1987)] are reviewed. Those results are combined with new experimental data to obtain a general description of line shapes obtained from this device. Our emphasis here will be on using specific examples to clarify the relationship between the frequency domain representations of experimentally measured time-domain signals and the originating active species distributions.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CAMPBELL, EJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA.
NR 22
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 64
IS 8
BP 2173
EP 2178
DI 10.1063/1.1143956
PG 6
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LR979
UT WOS:A1993LR97900011
ER

PT J
AU SALOMAN, EB
AF SALOMAN, EB
TI A RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY RESONANCE IONIZATION
   MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA SERVICE .4. DATA SHEETS FOR BE, IN, LI, K, RB,
   AG, TI AND V AND AN UPDATE OF THE DATA SHEET FOR NI
SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Review
ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; LEVEL ISOTOPE SHIFTS; RADIATIVE
   LIFETIMES; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; LASER
   SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; RYDBERG STATES; SELECTIVE
   PHOTOIONIZATION; MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION
AB A data service has been established at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the necessary information to apply the techniques of resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) and resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) to routine use in analytical chemistry. This service collects and calculates the relevant atomic data, chooses appropriate resonance ionization schemes, and indicates pertinent operating details of successful RIMS studies. The first group of data sheets was published previously covering the elements As, B, Cd, C, Ge, Au, Fe, Pb, Si and Zn. The second group published covered the elements Al, Ca, Cs, Cr, Co, Cu, Kr, Mg, Hg and Ni. The third group published covered the elements Sb, Bi, P, Na and Sn. The fourth group of data sheets is presented here. It covers the elements Be, In, Li, K, Rb, Ag, Ti and V. It also provides an update of the previously published data sheet for Ni. Reprints of RIS/RIMS work are solicited so that those efforts may be included in future data sheets.
RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 158
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 8
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0584-8547
J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B
JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 9
BP 1139
EP +
DI 10.1016/0584-8547(93)80104-3
PG 1
WC Spectroscopy
SC Spectroscopy
GA LT593
UT WOS:A1993LT59300008
ER

PT J
AU JABLONSKI, A
   POWELL, CJ
AF JABLONSKI, A
   POWELL, CJ
TI FORMALISM AND PARAMETERS FOR QUANTITATIVE SURFACE-ANALYSIS BY
   AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY
SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS
LA English
DT Article
ID MEAN-FREE-PATH; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; RELATIVE
   INTENSITIES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; SIGNAL
   ELECTRONS; 50-2000-EV RANGE; ESCAPE DEPTHS; MONTE-CARLO
AB It has been realized during the last 5 years that quantitative surface analyses by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be greatly complicated by the effects of elastic electron scattering. These effects had previously been largely ignored. We review here the effects of elastic scattering in the formalism of quantitative surface analysis by AES and XPS and discuss the various definitions of terms (inelastic mean free path, attenuation length and escape depth) that have been used to describe inelastic scattering and the surface sensitivities of various electron spectroscopies. We show how a realistic theoretical model of electron transport that includes elastic electron scattering can be related, for some analytical situations, to the common simple formalism of AES and XPS in which elastic scattering is neglected. We consider specifically measurements of overlayer thickness, determination of surface composition for a homogeneous surface region and estimation of the average depth of analysis and we indicate which parameter describing inelastic scattering can be utilized in the simple formalism for these applications. Information is given on sources of data for the inelastic mean free path and the attenuation length. Finally, we point out that the definitions of some terms are undergoing revision as a result of recent scientific developments and to avoid inconsistencies with established usage in other fields.
C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   POLISH ACAD SCI,INST PHYS CHEM,PL-01224 WARSAW,POLAND.
RP JABLONSKI, A (reprint author), SHIZUOKA UNIV,ELECTR RES INST,JOHOKU 3-5-1,HAMAMATSU,SHIZUOKA 432,JAPAN.
NR 73
TC 105
Z9 105
U1 2
U2 15
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
PI W SUSSEX
PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD
SN 0142-2421
J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL
JI Surf. Interface Anal.
PD AUG
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 9
BP 771
EP 786
DI 10.1002/sia.740200906
PG 16
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LT960
UT WOS:A1993LT96000005
ER

PT J
AU POLAK, ML
   GILLES, MK
   GUNION, RF
   LINEBERGER, WC
AF POLAK, ML
   GILLES, MK
   GUNION, RF
   LINEBERGER, WC
TI PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY OF PBO-
SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID SPUTTER SOURCE; STATES; OXYGEN
AB The 351 nm photoelectron spectrum of PbO- has been recorded with 9 meV resolution. Transitions from the 2PI1/2 PbO- ground state anion to the X1SIGMA+ neutral ground state and three excited states (a 1, b 0, and A 0+) are observed. The adiabatic electron affinity of PbO is determined to be 0.722(6) eV. From a Franck-Condon simulation of the spectrum we obtain r(e)(PbO-) = 1.995(15) angstrom, and observation of vibrational hot bands enables measurement of omega(e)(PbO-) = 588(15) cm-1. Electronic energies of the excited states are reported, and our results identify a new excited state while suggesting a corrected term energy for the b 0- state.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP POLAK, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 19
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-2614
J9 CHEM PHYS LETT
JI Chem. Phys. Lett.
PD JUL 23
PY 1993
VL 210
IS 1-3
BP 55
EP 60
DI 10.1016/0009-2614(93)89099-4
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LM700
UT WOS:A1993LM70000011
ER

PT J
AU OPPENHEIMER, D
   BEROZA, G
   CARVER, G
   DENGLER, L
   EATON, J
   GEE, L
   GONZALEZ, F
   JAYKO, A
   LI, WH
   LISOWSKI, M
   MAGEE, M
   MARSHALL, G
   MURRAY, M
   MCPHERSON, R
   ROMANOWICZ, B
   SATAKE, K
   SIMPSON, R
   SOMERVILLE, P
   STEIN, R
   VALENTINE, D
AF OPPENHEIMER, D
   BEROZA, G
   CARVER, G
   DENGLER, L
   EATON, J
   GEE, L
   GONZALEZ, F
   JAYKO, A
   LI, WH
   LISOWSKI, M
   MAGEE, M
   MARSHALL, G
   MURRAY, M
   MCPHERSON, R
   ROMANOWICZ, B
   SATAKE, K
   SIMPSON, R
   SOMERVILLE, P
   STEIN, R
   VALENTINE, D
TI THE CAPE MENDOCINO, CALIFORNIA, EARTHQUAKES OF APRIL 1992 - SUBDUCTION
   AT THE TRIPLE JUNCTION
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; GORDA PLATE; TECTONICS; FAULTS; ZONE; DEFORMATION;
   DEPTHS; COAST
AB The 25 April 1992 magnitude 7.1 Cape Mendocino thrust earthquake demonstrated that the North America-Gorda plate boundary is seismogenic and illustrated hazards that could result from much larger earthquakes forecast for the Cascadia region. The shock occurred just north of the Mendocino Triple Junction and caused strong ground motion and moderate damage in the immediate area. Rupture initiated onshore at a depth of 10.5 kilometers and propagated up-dip and seaward. Slip on steep faults in the Gorda plate generated two magnitude 6.6 aftershocks on 26 April. The main shock did not produce surface rupture on land but caused coastal uplift and a tsunami. The emerging picture of seismicity and faulting at the triple junction suggests that the region is likely to continue experiencing significant seismicity.
C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOPHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305.
   HUMBOLDT STATE UNIV,DEPT GEOL,ARCATA,CA 95521.
   UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SEISMOG STN,BERKELEY,CA 94720.
   NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT GEOL SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   WOODWARD CLYDE CONSULTANTS,PASADENA,CA 91101.
   UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,DEPT GEOL SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106.
RP OPPENHEIMER, D (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA.
RI Satake, Kenji/E-2312-2011; 
OI Satake, Kenji/0000-0002-3368-3085; Valentine, David/0000-0002-5018-048X;
   Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640; romanowicz,
   Barbara/0000-0002-6208-6044
NR 45
TC 71
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD JUL 23
PY 1993
VL 261
IS 5120
BP 433
EP 438
DI 10.1126/science.261.5120.433
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LN623
UT WOS:A1993LN62300026
PM 17770022
ER

PT J
AU MAULDIN, RL
   WAHNER, A
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF MAULDIN, RL
   WAHNER, A
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF THE SELF-REACTION OF THE BRO RADICAL
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC BROMINE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; OZONE
AB A flash photolysis-long path absorption technique was used to measure the rate coefficients for the self-reaction of BrO at 298 and 220 K over a pressure range of 75-600 Torr of He, N2, and SF6. The rate coefficients were measured using both a conventional monochromator/photomultiplier (PMT) system and a diode array spectrometer system. The overall rate coefficient for this reaction was found to be (2.75 +/- 0.50) X 10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, independent of pressure at 298 K but dependent on pressure at 220 K, ranging from (2.00 +/- 0.41) x 10(-12) at 100 Torr to (3.10 +/- 0.30) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 400 Torr. The relative rate coefficients for the two branches, BrO + BrO --> 2Br + O2 (1a) and BrO + BrO --> Br2 + O2 (1b), were determined at 298 and 220 K. The branching ratio, k1a/k1, was determined to be 0.84 at 298 K and 0.68 at 220 K, independent of pressure. An additional absorption feature with a peak absorption at 312 nm was observed at 220 K and was tentatively attributed to Br2O2. The additional absorption interferes with measurements of k1b using the monochromator/PMT method; however, use of the diode array spectrometer overcomes this problem. A mechanism for reaction 1, based on the formation of a short-lived intermediate, is proposed. An upper limit of 5 X 10(-17) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K for the reaction BrO + O3 --> Br + 2 O2 was derived from the analysis of BrO temporal profiles. The atmospheric significance of these findings are discussed.
C1 NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,REAL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012
OI Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928
NR 25
TC 43
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUL 22
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 29
BP 7585
EP 7596
DI 10.1021/j100131a031
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LW329
UT WOS:A1993LW32900031
ER

PT J
AU BURKHOLDER, JB
   MAULDIN, RL
   YOKELSON, RJ
   SOLOMON, S
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF BURKHOLDER, JB
   MAULDIN, RL
   YOKELSON, RJ
   SOLOMON, S
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI KINETIC, THERMOCHEMICAL, AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF CL2O3
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; ANTARCTIC SPRING STRATOSPHERE;
   NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; INSITU ER-2 DATA; MCMURDO-STATION; OZONE
   DESTRUCTION; CHLORINE MONOXIDE; SELF-REACTION; LOW ALTITUDES; OCLO
AB The UV absorption spectrum of Cl2O3 between 220 and 320 nm was measured using time-resolved transient absorption. Cl2O3 was produced following 193-nm pulsed laser photolysis of N2O/Cl2/OClO/He or Cl2-Cl2/OClO/N2 gas mixtures by reaction 1: ClO + OClO + M --> Cl2O3 + M. The absorption spectrum peaks at 267 nm with a cross section of (1.60(-0.22)+0.35) X 10(-17) cm2 (2sigma error limits including estimated systematic errors). The rate coefficient for the forward reaction 1, k1, was measured at temperatures between 200 and 260 K at N2 number densities over the range (1.1-10.9) x 10(18) molecules cm-3. The data were fit using the Troe formalism, with an F(c) fixed at 0.6, to yield k0(300) = (6.2 +/- 1.0) X 10(-32) cm6 molecule-2 s-1, k(infinity) = (2.4 +/- 1.2) X 10(-11) cm3 molecule-1 s-1, and n = 4.7 +/- 0.6 (2sigma error limits). The equilibrium constant for reaction 1, K(eq), was measured at five temperatures over the range 232-258 K. A second law analysis of this data along with data reported by Hayman and Cox [Chem. Phys. Lett. 1989,155, 11 yielded DELTAS-degrees = -21.2 +/- 4.5 cal mol-1 K-1 and DELTAH-degrees = -11.1 +/- 1.2 kcal mol-1 (2sigma error limits of the fit). These photochemical and kinetic results are compared with previously reported values. The kinetic, equilibrium, and photochemical data were included in a photochemical box model of the polar stratosphere to assess the role of Cl2O3 in stratospheric chemistry. On the basis of the results of the model, it is concluded that Cl2O3 does not play a significant role in the polar stratosphere.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP BURKHOLDER, JB (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,REAL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013;
   Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; 
NR 32
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUL 22
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 29
BP 7597
EP 7605
DI 10.1021/j100131a032
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LW329
UT WOS:A1993LW32900032
ER

PT J
AU GALLO, KP
   MCNAB, AL
   KARL, TR
   BROWN, JF
   HOOD, JJ
   TARPLEY, JD
AF GALLO, KP
   MCNAB, AL
   KARL, TR
   BROWN, JF
   HOOD, JJ
   TARPLEY, JD
TI THE USE OF A VEGETATION INDEX FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE URBAN HEAT-ISLAND
   EFFECT
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Letter
ID SATELLITE; AREAS; AVHRR
AB A vegetation index and radiative surface temperature were derived from NOAA-11 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data for the Seattle, WA region from 28 June through 4 July 1991. The vegetation index and surface temperature values were computed for locations of weather observation stations within the region and compared to observed minimum air temperatures. These comparisons were used to evaluate the use of AVHRR data to assess the influence of the urban environment on observed minimum air temperatures (the urban heat island effect). AVHRR derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and radiant surface temperature data from a one week composite product were both related significantly to observed minimum temperatures, however, the vegetation index accounted for a greater amount of the spatial variation observed in mean minimum temperatures. The difference in the NDVI between urban and rural regions appears to be an indicator of the difference in surface properties (i.e., evaporation and heat storage capacity) between the two environments that are responsible for differences in urban and rural minimum temperatures.
C1 NOAA, NESDIS, GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 USA.
   UNIV NEBRASKA, CTR ADV LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMAT TECHNOL, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA.
   EROS, CTR DATA, SIOUX FALLS, SD 57198 USA.
   NOAA, NESDIS, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA.
RP NOAA, NESDIS, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20233 USA.
RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; 
OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998
NR 17
TC 77
Z9 100
U1 7
U2 26
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0143-1161
EI 1366-5901
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 14
IS 11
BP 2223
EP 2230
PG 8
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA LT092
UT WOS:A1993LT09200011
ER

PT J
AU MEYERS, TP
   BALDOCCHI, DD
AF MEYERS, TP
   BALDOCCHI, DD
TI TRACE GAS-EXCHANGE ABOVE THE FLOOR OF A DECIDUOUS FOREST .2. SO2 AND O3
   DEPOSITION
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID DRY DEPOSITION; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; NITRIC-ACID; CANOPY; TURBULENCE;
   FLUCTUATIONS; VELOCITIES; SYSTEM; WATER; SOILS
AB The pollutant uptake capacity of the surface beneath forest canopies is poorly understood. In this study we show that the eddy correlation method can be applied within a canopy. Direct measurements of SO2 and O3 deposition to the forest floor of two deciduous forests were made with the eddy correlation method. For dry periods the surface uptake resistance for SO2 was of the order of 700 s m-1. When the soil and litter were moist, the SO2 surface uptake resistance was small, resulting in deposition velocities at the forest floor that were about 2 times greater than during dry periods. SO2 deposition to the forest floor constitutes between 20 and 30% of total uptake to the forest ecosystem when the surface is moist. Soil surface uptake resistances for O3 were about 2000 s m-1 for both wet and dry periods.
RP MEYERS, TP (reprint author), NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,AIR RESOURCES LAB,456 S ILLINOIS AVE,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA.
RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016
OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; 
NR 44
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12631
EP 12638
DI 10.1029/93JD00720
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600003
ER

PT J
AU LEE, GW
   ZHUANG, LZ
   HUEBERT, BJ
   MEYERS, TP
AF LEE, GW
   ZHUANG, LZ
   HUEBERT, BJ
   MEYERS, TP
TI CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS AND DRY DEPOSITION OF NITRIC-ACID VAPOR AT THE
   MAUNA-LOA-OBSERVATORY, HAWAII
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT 1988; DECIDUOUS FOREST; SURFACE FLUXES;
   PROFILE METHOD; GAS-PHASE; TROPOSPHERE; NITRATE; HNO3; NOY; GENERATION
AB From August 14 to September 5, 1991, we measured the mixing ratio of nitric acid vapor and several aerosol species (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and sodium) at three heights (2 m, 10 m and 30 m) at the Mauna Loa Observatory. Well-defined logarithmic gradients of temperature and HNO3 vapor were measured throughout the experiment, indicating rapid HNO3 vapor deposition to the ground. Measured dry deposition velocities for HNO3 vapor ranged from 0.27 to 4 cm s-1. The collection efficiency for HNO3 vapor varied with sampler location and orientation on the sampling tower, due to concentration depletion by the tower or the sampler itself. We found that our long-term samplers at 8 m may underestimate free tropospheric HNO3 mixing ratios by about 20% due to dry deposition.
C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822.
   NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN.
RP LEE, GW (reprint author), UNIV RHODE ISL,CTR ATMOSPHER CHEM STUDIES,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA.
RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016
NR 44
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12661
EP 12671
DI 10.1029/93JD00817
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600005
ER

PT J
AU ROSEN, JM
   KJOME, NT
   OLTMANS, SJ
AF ROSEN, JM
   KJOME, NT
   OLTMANS, SJ
TI SIMULTANEOUS OZONE AND POLAR STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD OBSERVATIONS AT
   SOUTH-POLE STATION DURING WINTER AND SPRING 1991
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID BALLOON BORNE OBSERVATIONS; NITRIC-ACID TRIHYDRATE; FROST POINT; ARCTIC
   STRATOSPHERE; LIDAR OBSERVATIONS; PINATUBO AEROSOLS; TEMPERATURE;
   BACKSCATTER; VORTEX; DEPLETION
AB Simultaneous polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) and ozone measurements were made over South Pole Station using a two-wavelength backscattersonde. This instrument produces aerosol profiles similar to those obtained with a ground-based lidar system but with higher vertical resolution. In one sounding, depolarization of the PSCs was also measured. The backscattersondes were supplemented with occasional frost point soundings. The measurements made before the appearance of PSCs do not show clear evidence of particle deliquescence, suggesting that the background sulfate particles may be frozen solids rather than liquids. PSCs began appearing at approximately 20 km when the temperature at that altitude dropped to -80-degrees-C (193 K). Initially, there was apparent evidence of supersaturation (with respect to nitric acid trihydrate) associated with some type I PSCs, while other examples indicated that the condensation of nitric acid was in quantitative agreement with that expected from the saturation vapor pressure and available nitric acid vapor. The apparent supersaturated layers (which occurred within the first 2 weeks of the onset of PSCs) can alternatively be interpreted as denitrified regions. The wavelength dependence of the backscatter is used to deduce rough particle sizes, and in particular, type Ia and Ib population types can be readily identified by the backscattersonde when not occurring as mixed systems. The mode radius of the first observed PSCs of the season was approximately 0.5 mum. In the polarization sensitive sounding, two varieties of type I PSCs were observed, one of which exhibited significant depolarization and another which produced very little depolarization. This observation would be consistent with the classification of types Ia and Ib, respectively. At the precise time that sunlight was returning to the stratosphere near South Pole Station, a strong inverse correlation in the structure of PSCs and ozone mixing ratio was observed. Using trajectory analysis, it is argued that the effect is probably the result of chemical depletion rather than transport processes. This chance observation is consistent with enhanced ozone depletion occurring in association with sunlit PSCs during the early spring.
C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP ROSEN, JM (reprint author), UNIV WYOMING,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LARAMIE,WY 82071, USA.
NR 36
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12741
EP 12751
DI 10.1029/93JD00880
PG 11
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600012
ER

PT J
AU HOFMANN, DJ
AF HOFMANN, DJ
TI 20 YEARS OF BALLOON-BORNE TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS AT LARAMIE,
   WYOMING
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SULFUR AEROSOLS; STRATOSPHERE; PARTICLES; PROFILES
AB Over the period 1971 to 1990, 265 high-altitude balloons with optical particle counters were launched at Laramie, Wyoming, in a long-term study of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer.  The tropospheric aerosol record obtained at this background continental site is examined here. All aerosol particle size ranges display pronounced seasonal variations, with the condensation nuclei concentration and the optically active (r greater-than-or-equal-to 0.15 mum) component showing a summer maximum throughout the troposphere.  The dominant sources of this aerosol is believed to be photochemically driven gas to particle conversion. Larger particles (r > 1 mum) peak in spring and are probably the result of long range transport of Asian desert dust although there is evidence that sulfate aerosol is also present in these air masses. Mass estimates, assuming spherical sulfate particles, indicate an average column mass between altitudes of 2.5 km (33 m above the surface) and 10 km of about 4 and 16 mg m-2 in winter and summer, respectively. The annual average of about 10 mg m-2 is somewhat larger than estimated with model calculations for sulfate aerosol in this region but is within the uncertainties of model and measurements.  Calculated optical depths vary between 0.01 and 0.04 from winter to summer, the estimated mass scattering cross section is about 3 m2 g-1 throughout the troposphere.  A distinct anticorrelation exists between the optically active and the condensation nuclei components, resulting in a maximum in the mixing ratio of the latter just below the tropopause where the larger particles generally show a minimum. This relation is due to coagulation of the small, newly nucleated particles with the existing larger particles and to the coagulation for available condensable vapors presented by the larger particles, resulting in an effective new particle source and reservoir region occurring in the upper troposphere. There is evidence for a decreasing trend of 1.6-1.8% per year in the optically active tropospheric aerosol over the past 20 years which may be related to a similar reduction in SO2 emissions in the United States over this period.
RP HOFMANN, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 S BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 33
TC 74
Z9 74
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12753
EP 12766
DI 10.1029/93JD00466
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600013
ER

PT J
AU KAHL, JDW
   SERREZE, MC
   STONE, RS
   SHIOTANI, S
   KISLEY, M
   SCHNELL, RC
AF KAHL, JDW
   SERREZE, MC
   STONE, RS
   SHIOTANI, S
   KISLEY, M
   SCHNELL, RC
TI TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN THE ARCTIC - 1958-1986
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE; STRATOSPHERE; ARCHIVES
AB Arctic temperature trends in four tropospheric layers during the period 1958-1986 are examined through analysis of a comprehensive archive of Arctic upper air meteorological data. The goals of the study are to describe the trends in Arctic tropospheric temperatures and to provide verification data for model simulations of Arctic and global climate. This analysis extends the work of previous researchers by examining rawinsonde time series from a much denser distribution of stations than was previously available and by resolving the vertical distribution of tropospheric temperatures as well. Absolute trends of 3-degrees-C/30yr or larger were found, with both cooling and warming tendencies observed in all layers. The majority of the trends, however, are not statistically significant. Considerable regional and seasonal variability is observed. Trends at many stations in Eurasia and Greenland are highly sensitive to large positive anomalies during the period 1958-1963, which may be artifacts of the data. On the basis of our analysis, we conclude that greenhouse-induced warming is not detectable in the Arctic troposphere for the 1958-1986 period.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,DIV CRYOSPHER & POLAR PROC,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   NOAA,MAUNA LOA OBSERV,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,HILO,HI.
RP KAHL, JDW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOSCI,POB 413,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201, USA.
NR 37
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12825
EP 12838
DI 10.1029/93JD00818
PG 14
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600020
ER

PT J
AU CRAWFORD, TL
   MCMILLEN, RT
   MEYERS, TP
   HICKS, BB
AF CRAWFORD, TL
   MCMILLEN, RT
   MEYERS, TP
   HICKS, BB
TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF HEAT, WATER-VAPOR, CARBON-DIOXIDE,
   AND MOMENTUM AIR-SEA EXCHANGE IN A COASTAL ENVIRONMENT
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; FLOW DISTORTION; WIND-STRESS; FLUXES;
   COEFFICIENTS; SURFACE; MODEL; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS
AB The spatial and temporal variability of heat, moisture, momentum, and CO2 turbulent fluxes in a coastal environment were assessed using simultaneous eddy correlation measurements from a tower, a boat, and an aircraft platform. The flux measurements were made using new instrument systems, including new CO2 and H2O sensors, low-flow distortion packages, and careful sensor motion correction systems. The flux tower was operated on the windward beach of Florida's Bahia Honda Key, while the boat was stationed upwind between 1 and 15 km offshore. The air-plane flew transects 10 to 20 m above the ocean surface, along flight paths extending from the tower to 40 km offshore. Dissolved CO2 in the coastal waters and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were continuously measured throughout the experiment. The results indicate good agreement among the different sensing systems and demonstrate that air-to-sea trace gas, momentum, and energy flux density measurements are achievable from both a boat and an aircraft. Further, the observations emphasize the complex temporal and spatial trends possible in a coastal region. Due to the nonequilibrated boundary layer, generated by spatial trends, nearshore measurements are not representative of either the entire coastal region or of the open ocean. The observed 10 W m-2 sensible heat flux was time-invariant but did vary spatially with surface temperature, which was strongly cor-related with ocean depth. The 100 to 200 W m-2 evaporative moisture flux dominated energy exchange and varied both in space and in time. No consistent diurnal variation was observed, but the spatial trend also followed surface temperature. As expected, momentum flux scaled with wind speed. CO2 exchange showed large spatial and temporal variance. Spatially, the surface temperature warmed as the shore was approached and CO2 was apparently driven off. Temporally, CO2 exchange varied greatly, as did DETLApCO2 which ranged from +50 to -100 ppm. This large variability in DELTApCO2 is thought to illustrate the importance of biological and physical processes and to explain the large CO2 fluxes observed (not always in the same direction) in this and other flux studies in nearshore conditions. Ten kilometers from shore, where the spatial and temporal variability was less, CO2 transfer velocities were of the order of 0.1 cm s-1.
C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
RP CRAWFORD, TL (reprint author), NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,AIR RESOURCES LAB,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA.
RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016
NR 54
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 11
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12869
EP 12880
DI 10.1029/93JD00628
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600023
ER

PT J
AU MAZUR, V
   RUHNKE, LH
AF MAZUR, V
   RUHNKE, LH
TI COMMON PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIALLY TRIGGERED
   LIGHTNING
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD CHANGES; AIRCRAFT; DISCHARGES; INITIATION; FLASHES; THUNDERSTORMS;
   AIRPLANE; STRIKES; JAPAN
AB Common physical processes are identified in various types of natural and artificially triggered lightning flashes, both in summer and winter storms. By applying an electrostatic model of bidirectional, uncharged and monopolar, charged leaders, the main Physical principles are defined for interpretation of common lighting processes. These principles focus on lightning initiation charges on the leader, the leader's electrical potential, the electrical break-down at the leader tip, leader branching and current cutoff, the occurrence of recoil streamers, and the conclusion of lightning Propagation. The bidirectional, uncharged leader model is compared, on both physical grounds and by analyzing the electric field changes, with the conventional model of a unidirectional, uniformly charged leader which originates from a space charge source. These two models are also tested against experimental data obtained with a VHF mapping system and in situ measurements of electric fields in storms on the heights of lightning origins in cloud-to-ground flashes.
RP MAZUR, V (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 42
TC 64
Z9 73
U1 6
U2 16
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUL 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D7
BP 12913
EP 12930
DI 10.1029/93JD00626
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP166
UT WOS:A1993LP16600027
ER

PT J
AU BRINGER, A
   HARRIS, J
   GADZUK, JW
AF BRINGER, A
   HARRIS, J
   GADZUK, JW
TI WAVEPACKETS AND INELASTIC TUNNELING
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SCHRODINGER-EQUATION;
   TRAVERSAL TIME; LINE-SHAPES; ELECTRON; SCATTERING; MODEL; SURFACES;
   PHYSICS
AB Using real-time numerical propagation techniques, we consider the tunnelling of electron wavepackets through potential barriers that possess internal dynamics. The models considered allow the study of the influence of localized surface vibrational modes on the tunnel current observed in scanning tunnelling microscopy. Non-resonant and resonant processes are considered. In the former case, we focus on the behaviour of the total tunnel current when the energy sweeps through an inelastic threshold. In the resonant case, we make contact with analytic theory and consider in detail, using a two-channel Breit-Wigner model, the physics underlying the resonant process, the physical origin of sum-rules obeyed by the tunnelling characteristic, and the conditions under which simple analytic theoretical results can be applied in general.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP BRINGER, A (reprint author), FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST FESTKORPERFORSCH, W-5170 JULICH 1, GERMANY.
NR 72
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD JUL 19
PY 1993
VL 5
IS 29
BP 5141
EP 5158
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/5/29/010
PG 18
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LN952
UT WOS:A1993LN95200010
ER

PT J
AU KRANBUEHL, DE
   VERDIER, PH
AF KRANBUEHL, DE
   VERDIER, PH
TI EFFECTS OF VARIABLE EXCLUDED-VOLUME ON THE DIMENSIONS OF OFF-LATTICE
   POLYMER-CHAINS
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTE-CARLO; RENORMALIZATION; DEPENDENCE; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; MODELS
AB The expansion of bead-stick models of polymer chains by excluded volume has been obtained by Monte Carlo methods for chains with ratios d of hard-sphere bead diameter to stick length between zero (no excluded volume) and unity (connected beads touching) for chains of from 9 to 99 beads.  We report values of mean-sauare end-to-end length [l2] and apparent power-law exponents 2nu = partial derivative ln[l2]/partial derivative ln(N-1) for chains of N beads, for eight values of d from 0.30 to 0.93. For the range of chain lengths reported here, the apparent power-law exponent 2nu is not independent of d but rather shows a smooth, gradual transition from the well-known result for d = 0 to the previously-reported value for d = 1. The variation of 2nu with bead size is remarkably similar to its variation with short-range attractive energy in other models.  The results reported here are compared with those obtained by other workers on and off lattices, for hard-sphere and Lennard-Jones potentials, and with predictions of two-parameter and scaling theories.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   COLL WILLIAM & MARY,DEPT CHEM,WILLIAMSBURG,VA 23187.
NR 25
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUL 19
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 15
BP 3986
EP 3991
DI 10.1021/ma00067a039
PG 6
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LN821
UT WOS:A1993LN82100039
ER

PT J
AU KRAHN, MM
   YLITALO, GM
   BUZITIS, J
   CHAN, SL
   VARANASI, U
AF KRAHN, MM
   YLITALO, GM
   BUZITIS, J
   CHAN, SL
   VARANASI, U
TI RAPID HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS THAT SCREEN FOR
   AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID SOLE PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; POROUS GRAPHITIC CARBON; DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS;
   POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; CHLORINATED
   HYDROCARBONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PUGET-SOUND; SEDIMENTS; METABOLITES
AB In order to monitor the quality of coastal waters that provide habitats for living marine resources, samples of sediment and biota must be analyzed to assess the degree and distribution of anthropogenic contamination. Analytical time and costs can be greatly reduced by first employing methods that screen for contaminants before selecting samples for rigorous analyses. In this paper, we review the applications of rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods to screen for aromatic compounds in sediment, bile and tissue samples. These methods have been used to assess damage to natural resources after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. In addition, the bile screening method has also been used to evaluate contaminants in fish sampled for a national monitoring program. The rapid screening of sediment or bile provides an estimate of contaminant concentrations that can then be confirmed in selected samples by more complicated and expensive analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, HPLC and GC-MS chromatographic patterns from sediment and bile can provide information about the source of contamination, e.g., crude oil, diesel fuel or pyrogenic contaminants. We also discuss the important role screening methods will play in the future in assessing the quality of aquatic habitats, the safety of seafood, and other important issues related to anthropogenic contamination.
RP KRAHN, MM (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, NW FISHERIES SCI CTR, DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT, 2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E, SEATTLE, WA 98112 USA.
NR 42
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 3
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR
PD JUL 16
PY 1993
VL 642
IS 1-2
BP 15
EP 32
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80073-H
PG 18
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LN765
UT WOS:A1993LN76500003
ER

PT J
AU STURGES, WT
   ELKINS, JW
AF STURGES, WT
   ELKINS, JW
TI USE OF ADSORBENTS TO COLLECT SELECTED HALOCARBONS AND HYDROHALOCARBONS
   OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTEREST FROM LARGE AIR VOLUMES
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB Hydrohalocarbons are the proposed replacement compounds for the chlorofluorocarbons. They will initially have very low concentrations, on the order of a ppt (v/v), in the global atmosphere. Neither gas chromatography-electron-capture detection, nor gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, have adequate sensitivity to measure such concentrations directly from air samples; concentration techniques are required to achieve this. We have examined a range of commercially-available adsorbents, including activated charcoals, carbon molecular sieves, porous polymers, and graphitized carbons, for their suitability as ambient temperature concentrating traps for a range of man-made halocarbons and hydrohalocarbons (CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-13, HCFC-22, HCFC-123 and HFC-134a). From our measurements of specific retention and desorption volumes it was found that no one adsorbent could both collect all of the target compounds with high efficiency, and also allow efficient recovery by thermal desorption. A sequence of adsorbents is required. We designed a 30 cm long x 0.64 cm O.D. trap containing HayeSep D(B) (a porous polymer), Carboxen 1000 and Carbosieve S-II (both carbon molecular sieves) to collect all of the target compounds from a 5 1 air sample at 25-degrees-C and allow efficient recovery with 500 ml of nitrogen carrier gas at 200-degrees-C. Good comparability was demonstrated between the adsorbent trapping system and direct loop injection analysis for CFC-12 in ambient air. Precision for all of the compounds analyzed with the adsorbent trap was better than 4%, and improved to better than 1% when ratioed to CFC-12.
C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP STURGES, WT (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 12
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR
PD JUL 16
PY 1993
VL 642
IS 1-2
BP 123
EP 134
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80082-J
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LN765
UT WOS:A1993LN76500012
ER

PT J
AU WISE, SA
   SANDER, LC
   MAY, WE
AF WISE, SA
   SANDER, LC
   MAY, WE
TI DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS BY
   LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Review
ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; REVERSED-PHASE;
   COLUMN SELECTIVITY; STATIONARY PHASES; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; SEPARATION;
   RETENTION; ISOMERS; BEHAVIOR
AB Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) using fluorescence detection is a powerful analytical technique for the measurement of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental samples. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been involved in the development Of LC methods for the measurement of PAHs since the mid-1970's particularly for the development of standard reference materials (SRMs) for PAH measurements in environmental samples. The NIST experience in the use of LC for the determination of PAHs in environmental samples is summarized in this paper including: selection of the appropriate column, approaches to analyzing complex PAH mixtures, and the accurate quantitation of PAHs in environmental samples.
RP WISE, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 51
TC 172
Z9 174
U1 3
U2 26
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0021-9673
J9 J CHROMATOGR
PD JUL 16
PY 1993
VL 642
IS 1-2
BP 329
EP 349
DI 10.1016/0021-9673(93)80097-R
PG 21
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LN765
UT WOS:A1993LN76500027
ER

PT J
AU HAPIOT, P
   PINSON, J
   NETA, P
   ROLANDO, C
AF HAPIOT, P
   PINSON, J
   NETA, P
   ROLANDO, C
TI ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF SYRINGALDAZINE, A COLORIMETRIC REDOX REAGENT
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADICALS; LIGNIFICATION; POTENTIALS; SUBSTRATE; LACCASE; FUNGI
AB Oxidation of syringaldazine (1H-2) was studied in acetonitrile and in an aqueous medium using various electrochemical methods and pulse radiolysis. In water and in buffered acetonitrile, a reversible two-electron-two-proton transfer leads to the formation of a deep purple compound 1. In acetonitrile various intermediates (1H-2.+, 1H-, 1H., 1H+, 1(2-), 1.-) involved in this process can be formed reversibly, depending on the experimental conditions, thus allowing us to measure the thermodynamic parameters (E-degrees and pK(a)).
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20889.
   UNIV PARIS 06,ECOLE NORMALE SUPER,ACTIVAT MOLEC LAB,CNRS,UNITE 1110,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
RP HAPIOT, P (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 07,ELECTROCHIM MOLEC LAB,CNRS,UNITE 438,2 PL JUSSIEU,F-75251 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
RI PINSON, Jean/L-7028-2013; Rolando, Christian/E-8278-2011; Pinson,
   Jean/M-9116-2016
OI Rolando, Christian/0000-0002-3266-8860; 
NR 23
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0022-0728
J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM
JI J. Electroanal. Chem.
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 353
IS 1-2
BP 225
EP 235
DI 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80299-W
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry
SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry
GA LP183
UT WOS:A1993LP18300018
ER

PT J
AU WALKER, DA
   BERNARD, EN
AF WALKER, DA
   BERNARD, EN
TI COMPARISON OF T-PHASE SPECTRA AND TSUNAMI AMPLITUDES FOR TSUNAMIGENIC
   AND OTHER EARTHQUAKES
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOMENT TENSOR SOLUTIONS; MAGNITUDES
AB T-phase spectral strengths and seismic moments from earlier studies for tsunamigenic and nontsunamigenic earthquakes off Alaska, the Aleutians, northern Honshu, and central Honshu are compared to tsunami height recordings from coastal tide gauges and deep-ocean pressure recorders. Tsunamigenic earthquakes have larger seismic moments and T-phase spectral strengths than nontsunamigenic earthquakes. Pacific-wide tsunamigenic earthquakes had well-recorded water waves on the deep-ocean pressure gauges, while water waves for the regional tsunamis could be found only on coastal tide gauges in close proximity to the earthquake epicenters. Thresholds of T-phase spectral strengths required for tsunamigenesis are estimated for each of the areas investigated. On comparing tsunami heights, seismic moments, and spectral strengths for two Pacific-wide tsunamis generated by earthquakes with similar source locations, we note that the earthquake with the larger tsunami has the larger T-phase spectral strength but smaller seismic moment. We conclude that T-phase spectral strengths may be useful in estimating tsunami energy.
C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
RP WALKER, DA (reprint author), HAWAII INST GEOPHYS,SCH OCEAN & EARTH SCI & TECHNOL,2525 CORREA RD,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA.
NR 18
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS C7
BP 12557
EP 12565
DI 10.1029/93JC00675
PG 9
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LN310
UT WOS:A1993LN31000021
ER

PT J
AU ALFASSI, ZB
   HUIE, RE
   NETA, P
AF ALFASSI, ZB
   HUIE, RE
   NETA, P
TI SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE RATE CONSTANTS FOR REACTION OF
   TRICHLOROMETHYLPEROXYL RADICALS WITH ORGANIC REDUCTANTS
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SOLVATION ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; HILDEBRAND
   SOLUBILITY PARAMETER; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; PEROXYL RADICALS;
   SOLVATOCHROMIC PARAMETER; PROTONATION EQUILIBRIA; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS;
   PI-STAR; DELTA-H
AB Absolute rate constants for the reactions of trichloromethylperoxyl radicals with chlorpromazine and trolox have been determined by pulse radiolysis in 16 different solvents. The rate constants were found to vary over two orders of magnitude (10(7)-10(9) L mol-1 s-1) and to correlate with the Hildebrand solubility parameter (cohesive energy density) of the solvent better than with any other single solvent parameter. The correlation was satisfactory for ClPz and did not improve significantly by including additional parameters. For trolox, however, the correlation was relatively poor but was improved considerably by taking into account the basicity of the solvent. This effect is due to the transfer of a proton upon the oxidation of trolox.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010
NR 40
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 28
BP 7253
EP 7257
DI 10.1021/j100130a022
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LV579
UT WOS:A1993LV57900022
ER

PT J
AU NAKAMURA, N
AF NAKAMURA, N
TI MOMENTUM FLUX, FLOW SYMMETRY, AND THE NONLINEAR BAROTROPIC GOVERNOR
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS; BAROCLINIC WAVES; SURFACE DRAG; LIFE-CYCLES;
   INSTABILITY; TROPOSPHERE; CIRCULATION; SIMULATIONS; ADJUSTMENT; CYCLONES
AB A number of idealized life-cycle simulations of baroclinically unstable waves are systematically analyzed to study the effects of eddy momentum flux and of zonal mean horizontal shear on the finite-amplitude evolution of the waves. Twenty-level quasigeostrophic and primitive equation models with channel geometry are numerically integrated with the most unstable linear normal mode as an initial condition. The flows are inviscid except for weak second-order horizontal diffusion.
   It is found that the finite-amplitude baroclinic waves are sensitively influenced by the vertically integrated eddy momentum flux of the normal mode via the large barotropic shear it spins up in the mean flow. This ''barotropic governor'' mechanism prevents the eddy from attaining all the available potential energy stored in the domain, leading to irreversible barotropic decay. Only in the purely baroclinic, f-plane, quasigeostrophic problem, where the vertically integrated eddy momentum flux identically vanishes due to symmetry, is the growth of baroclinic waves unaffected by the barotropic governor and bounded solely by the total available potential energy. Barotropic shear in the basic flow, the earth's spherical geometry, and nonquasigeostrophic motion all introduce spatial asymmetry into the normal mode. whose nonlinear evolution therefore rapidly departs from the purely baroclinic solution. The details of the departure depend sensitively on the shape of the initial asymmetry, however.
   The results suggest the natural tendency of baroclinic waves toward barotropic decay in nearly inviscid atmospheres.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
NR 32
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 14
BP 2159
EP 2177
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2159:MFFSAT>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LN108
UT WOS:A1993LN10800006
ER

PT J
AU MANZINI, E
   HAMILTON, K
AF MANZINI, E
   HAMILTON, K
TI MIDDLE ATMOSPHERIC TRAVELING WAVES FORCED BY LATENT AND CONVECTIVE
   HEATING
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GRAVITY-WAVES; UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; SEMIANNUAL
   OSCILLATION; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; TRANSIENT-RESPONSE; SYMMETRIC MODES;
   FIELD BEHAVIOR; 2-DAY WAVE; EXCITATION
AB The excitation and propagation of equatorial planetary waves and inertia-gravity waves were studied by comparing simulations from the comprehensive GFDL troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere SKYHI general circulation model (GCM) and from a linear primitive equation model with the same domain and numerical resolution. The basic state of the linear model is time dependent and is derived from the mean zonal wind and temperature obtained from a simulation with the full SKYHI model. The latent and convective heating fields of this SKYHI integration are used as the forcing for the linear model in a parallel simulation.
   The wavelength and frequency characteristics of the prominent vertically propagating equatorial Kelvin and Rossby-gravity waves are remarkably similar in the linear model and in SKYHI. Amplitudes are also similar in the lower stratosphere, indicating that the latent and convective heating is the dominant mechanism producing equatorial wave activity in the GCM. The amplitude of these waves in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere is larger in the linear model than in SKYHI. Given that the linear and SKYHI models have comparable radiative damping and horizontal subgrid scale diffusion, it appears that the wave amplitudes in SKYHI are limited by some nonlinear saturation, possibly involving the subgrid-scale vertical mixing.
   At low latitudes the linear model reproduces the flux of upward-propagating inertia-gravity waves seen in the full model. The results also show that a significant fraction of the inertia-gravity wave activity found in the midlatitude mesosphere of the SKYHI model can be accounted for by tropical convective heating.
   The global-scale Rossby normal modes seen in observations were also identified in the analyses of westward-propagating planetary waves in both models. They are of realistic amplitude in the SKYHI simulation but are much weaker in the linear model. Thus, it appears that latent and convective heating is not the main source of excitation for the Rossby normal modes.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542.
   PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
RI Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011
NR 48
TC 57
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 14
BP 2180
EP 2200
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2180:MATWFB>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LN108
UT WOS:A1993LN10800007
ER

PT J
AU STENSRUD, DJ
AF STENSRUD, DJ
TI ELEVATED RESIDUAL LAYERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SURFACE BOUNDARY-LAYER
   EVOLUTION
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SEVERE STORM ENVIRONMENT; SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY;
   MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; INVERSION; CONVECTION; MODEL; DYNAMICS
AB Elevated mixed layers (EMLs) are an important factor in the development of springtime thunderstorms over the United States. EMLs can be considered a subset of a larger class, called residual layers, since the mean state variables are the same, at least initially, as those of the boundary layers in which EMLs are formed. It is possible, however, for boundary or residual layers that are not necessarily well mixed to be advected off regions of elevated terrain and overrun boundary layers forming over lower terrain. These layers are called elevated residual layers (ERLs); ERLs may form frequently in regions near mountains where terrain gradients exist. A simple slab mixed-layer model is used to examine how idealized ERL potential temperature profiles influence surface boundary-layer development. In addition, several regionally generated ERLs were observed over Phoenix, Arizona, during the Southwest Area Monsoon Project. These ERLs appear to have produced a change from moistening to entrainment-drying surface boundary-layer regimes.
   The thermodynamic structure of an ERL is determined by the processes that form the boundary layer, the timing and vertical extent of boundary-layer detachment from the elevated terrain relative to the diurnal heating cycle, and the vertical motion field (if any) accompanying the horizontal advection of the ERL away from the elevated terrain. Results suggest that the creation and evolution of ERLs may be important aspects of surface boundary-layer development in regions near and downstream of elevated terrain.
RP STENSRUD, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 35
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 14
BP 2284
EP 2293
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2284:ERLATI>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LN108
UT WOS:A1993LN10800013
ER

PT J
AU MANABE, S
   STOUFFER, RJ
AF MANABE, S
   STOUFFER, RJ
TI CENTURY-SCALE EFFECTS OF INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ON THE
   OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERHEMISPHERIC ASYMMETRY; CLIMATE RESPONSE; MODEL
AB SEVERAL studies have addressed the likely effects of CO2-induced climate change over the coming decades1-10, but the longer-term effects have received less attention. Yet these effects could be very significant, as persistent increases in global mean temperatures may ultimately influence the large-scale processes in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system that are thought to play a central part in determining global climate. The thermohaline circulation is one such process - Broecker has argued11 that it may have undergone abrupt changes in response to rising temperatures and ice-sheet melting at the end of the last glacial period. Here we use a coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model to study the evolution of the world's climate over the next few centuries, driven by doubling and quadrupling of the concentration of atmospheric CO2. We find that the global mean surface air temperature increases by about 3.5 and 7-degrees-C, respectively, over 500 years, and that sea-level rise owing to thermal expansion alone is about 1 and 2 m respectively (ice-sheet melting could make these values much larger). The thermal and dynamical structure of the oceans changes markedly in the quadrupled-CO2 climate - in particular, the ocean settles into a new stable state in which the thermohaline circulation has ceased entirely and the thermocline deepens substantially. These changes prevent the ventilation of the deep ocean and could have a profound impact on the carbon cycle and biogeochemistry of the coupled system.
RP MANABE, S (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA, GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB, POB 308, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA.
NR 16
TC 335
Z9 347
U1 5
U2 39
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 364
IS 6434
BP 215
EP 218
DI 10.1038/364215a0
PG 4
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LM683
UT WOS:A1993LM68300049
ER

PT J
AU ZHU, M
   OATES, CW
   HALL, JL
AF ZHU, M
   OATES, CW
   HALL, JL
TI IMPROVED HYPERFINE MEASUREMENTS OF THE NA 5P EXCITED-STATE THROUGH
   FREQUENCY-CONTROLLED DOPPLERLESS SPECTROSCOPY IN A ZEEMAN MAGNETOOPTIC
   LASER TRAP
SO OPTICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID VAPOR CELL; ATOMS
AB We report what is to our knowledge the first Dopplerless high-resolution optical spectroscopy based on unperturbed atoms left nearly at rest when a vapor cell magneto-optic trap is switched off. A lambda = 285 nm beam excited the 3s --> 5p transition in our sample of laser trapped/cooled Na atoms from which we collected fluorescence. Excited-state 5 P-2(3/2) and 5 P-2(1/2) hyperfine interaction constants are derived with 4- and 47-fold increases, respectively, in accuracy. Future prospects for vapor-cell-based optical spectroscopy and frequency standards are considered.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP ZHU, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 14
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 5
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0146-9592
J9 OPT LETT
JI Opt. Lett.
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 18
IS 14
BP 1186
EP 1188
DI 10.1364/OL.18.001186
PG 3
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LL313
UT WOS:A1993LL31300022
PM 19823329
ER

PT J
AU CHMAISSEM, O
   HUANG, Q
   PUTILIN, SN
   MAREZIO, M
   SANTORO, A
AF CHMAISSEM, O
   HUANG, Q
   PUTILIN, SN
   MAREZIO, M
   SANTORO, A
TI NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY OF THE CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF
   HGBA2CUO4+DELTA AND HGBAO2
SO PHYSICA C
LA English
DT Article
ID OXOMERCURATE
AB The crystal structures of HgBa2CuO4+delta and HgBaO2 have been refined at room temperature using neutron powder diffraction data obtained from a sample containing 44% of the first phase, 42% of the second and 14% of Ba2Cu3O5+delta. the compound HgBa2CuO4+delta crystallizes with the symmetry of space group P4/mmm and lattice parameters a = 3.8829 (6), c = 9.5129 (14) angstrom. The unit cell contains only one CuO2 layer and the material is a superconductor with a value of T(c) of 94 K. The oxygen in excess of the O4 stoichiometry (delta = 0.063 in our sample) is located in interstitial positions on the HgO(delta) layer, and it is the only extra oxygen present in the structure. No mixing of the cations has been detected in this study. The compound HgBaO2 crystallizes with the symmetry of space group R3mBAR and lattice parameters (hexagonal axes) a = 4.0991 (6), c = 19.355 (3) angstrom. In this new polymorph of HgBaO2 the Ba atoms are octahedrally coordinated while Hg has two-fold coordination.
C1 MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA.
   UJF,CRISTALLOG LAB,CNRS,F-38042 GRENOBLE 09,FRANCE.
   AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974.
RP CHMAISSEM, O (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 10
TC 123
Z9 123
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4534
J9 PHYSICA C
JI Physica C
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 212
IS 3-4
BP 259
EP 265
DI 10.1016/0921-4534(93)90587-G
PG 7
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LN085
UT WOS:A1993LN08500001
ER

PT J
AU MIYANO, KE
   EDERER, DL
   CALLCOTT, TA
   OBRIEN, WL
   JIA, JJ
   ZHOU, L
   DONG, QY
   MA, Y
   WOICIK, JC
   MUELLER, DR
AF MIYANO, KE
   EDERER, DL
   CALLCOTT, TA
   OBRIEN, WL
   JIA, JJ
   ZHOU, L
   DONG, QY
   MA, Y
   WOICIK, JC
   MUELLER, DR
TI BAND-STRUCTURE EFFECTS IN THE EXCITATION-ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF SI L2,3
   X-RAY-EMISSION SPECTRA
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Note
ID PHONON RELAXATION; CORE EXCITONS; SILICON; SEMICONDUCTORS; EDGES
AB Si L2,3 x-ray emission stimulated with narrow-band synchrotron radiation has been studied as a function of excitation energy. In strong contrast to crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon yields emission spectra that are independent of the excitation energy, thereby demonstrating that long-range order plays a necessary role in the excitation-energy dependence of the crystalline emission.
C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA.
   UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP MIYANO, KE (reprint author), TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA.
NR 17
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1098-0121
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUL 15
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 3
BP 1918
EP 1920
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.1918
PG 3
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LP050
UT WOS:A1993LP05000069
ER

PT J
AU CROOKS, GP
   COPLEY, SD
AF CROOKS, GP
   COPLEY, SD
TI A SURPRISING EFFECT OF LEAVING GROUP ON THE NUCLEOPHILIC
   AROMATIC-SUBSTITUTION REACTION CATALYZED BY 4-CHLOROBENZOYL-COA
   DEHALOGENASE
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; COENZYME-A; MECHANISM; 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 16
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD JUL 14
PY 1993
VL 115
IS 14
BP 6422
EP 6423
DI 10.1021/ja00067a072
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LT173
UT WOS:A1993LT17300072
ER

PT J
AU YIN, LI
   SELTZER, SM
AF YIN, LI
   SELTZER, SM
TI TOMOGRAPHIC DECODING ALGORITHM FOR A NONOVERLAPPING REDUNDANT ARRAY
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE TOMOGRAPHY; MULTIPLE-PINHOLE CAMERA
ID 7-PINHOLE
AB A tomographic reconstruction algorithm is developed for the nonoverlapping redundant array x-ray imaging system whereby the background contributions from out-of-focus planes can be eliminated. The algorithm makes use of two constraints derived from the physical characteristics of the nonoverlapping redundant array system in tandem with the correlation decoding process. It is simple, direct, and noniterative. Tomographic images of computer-generated planar and three-dimensional objects are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP YIN, LI (reprint author), NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA.
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JUL 10
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 20
BP 3726
EP 3735
PG 10
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LM078
UT WOS:A1993LM07800013
PM 20830002
ER

PT J
AU URRY, CM
   MARASCHI, L
   EDELSON, R
   KORATKAR, A
   KROLIK, J
   MADEJSKI, G
   PIAN, E
   PIKE, G
   REICHERT, G
   TREVES, A
   WAMSTEKER, W
   BOHLIN, R
   BERGMAN, J
   BRINKMANN, W
   CHIAPPETTI, L
   COURVOISIER, T
   FILIPPENKO, AV
   FINK, H
   GEORGE, IM
   KONDO, Y
   MARTIN, PG
   MILLER, HR
   OBRIEN, P
   SHULL, JM
   SITKO, M
   SZYMKOWIAK, AE
   TAGLIAFERRI, G
   WAGNER, S
   WARWICK, R
AF URRY, CM
   MARASCHI, L
   EDELSON, R
   KORATKAR, A
   KROLIK, J
   MADEJSKI, G
   PIAN, E
   PIKE, G
   REICHERT, G
   TREVES, A
   WAMSTEKER, W
   BOHLIN, R
   BERGMAN, J
   BRINKMANN, W
   CHIAPPETTI, L
   COURVOISIER, T
   FILIPPENKO, AV
   FINK, H
   GEORGE, IM
   KONDO, Y
   MARTIN, PG
   MILLER, HR
   OBRIEN, P
   SHULL, JM
   SITKO, M
   SZYMKOWIAK, AE
   TAGLIAFERRI, G
   WAGNER, S
   WARWICK, R
TI MULTIWAVELENGTH MONITORING OF THE BL LACERTAE OBJECT PKS 2155-304 .1.
   THE IUE CAMPAIGN
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE BL LACERTAE OBJECTS, INDIVIDUAL (PKS 2155-304); GALAXIES, ACTIVE;
   ULTRAVIOLET, GALAXIES
ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; RAY ABSORPTION FEATURE; X-RAY; ULTRAVIOLET
   CALIBRATION; OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS; RAPID VARIABILITY; RELATIVISTIC JETS;
   LAC OBJECTS; PKS-2155-304; ARTIFACTS
AB Daily monitoring of PKS 2155-304 with the IUE satellite throughout 1991 November has revealed dramatic, large-amplitude, rapid variations in the ultraviolet flux of this BL Lac object. Many smaller, rapid flares are superposed on a general doubling of the intensity. During the 5d period when sampling was roughly continuous, the rapid flaring had an apparent quasi-periodic nature, with peaks repeating every approximately 0.d7. The short- and long-wavelength ultraviolet light curves are well correlated with each other, and with        the optical light curve deduced from the Fine Error Sensor (FES) on IUE. The formal lag is zero, but the cross-correlation is asymmetric in the sense that the shorter wavelength emission leads the longer. The ultraviolet spectral shape varies a small but significant amount. The correlation between spectral shape and         intensity is complicated; an increase in intensity is associated with spectral hardening, but lags behind the spectral change by approximately 1 day. The sign of the correlation is consistent with the nonthermal acceleration processes expected in relativistic plasmas, so that the present results are consistent with relativistic jet models, which can also account for quasi-periodic flaring. In contrast, currently proposed accretion disk models are strongly ruled out by the simultaneous optical and ultraviolet variability.
C1 UNIV MILAN,DEPT PHYS,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY.
   NASA,GSFC,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
   JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BALTIMORE,MD 21218.
   NASA,GSFC,UNIV SPACE RES ASSOCIAT,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
   SISSA,ISAS,INT SCH ADV STUDIES,TRIESTE,ITALY.
   ESA,IUE OBSERV,E-28080 MADRID,SPAIN.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ASTRON,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   MPE,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY.
   CNR,IST FIS COSM,I-20133 MILAN,ITALY.
   OBSERV GENEVA,CH-1290 SAUVERNY,SWITZERLAND.
   NASA,GSFC,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
   UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ASTRON,BERKELEY,CA 94720.
   UNIV TORONTO,CANADIAN INST THEORET ASTROPHYS,TORONTO M5S 1A7,ONTARIO,CANADA.
   CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125.
   UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT PHYS,CINCINNATI,OH 45221.
   OSSERV ASTRON MERATE,I-20121 MILAN,ITALY.
   LANDESSTERNWARTE HEIDELBERG KONIGSTUHL,W-6900 HEIDELBERG 1,GERMANY.
   GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ATLANTA,GA 30303.
   UNIV COLORADO,JILA,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV LEICESTER,DEPT PHYS,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND.
RP URRY, CM (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,3700 SAN MARTIN DR,BALTIMORE,MD 21218, USA.
RI Urry, Claudia/G-7381-2011; 
OI Urry, Claudia/0000-0002-0745-9792; Tagliaferri,
   Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858
NR 71
TC 82
Z9 82
U1 1
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JUL 10
PY 1993
VL 411
IS 2
BP 614
EP 631
DI 10.1086/172864
PN 1
PG 18
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LJ884
UT WOS:A1993LJ88400019
ER

PT J
AU WANG, QD
   LI, ZY
   BEGELMAN, MC
AF WANG, QD
   LI, ZY
   BEGELMAN, MC
TI THE X-RAY-EMITTING TRAIL OF THE NEARBY PULSAR PSR1929+10
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERNOVA REMNANT; PROPER MOTIONS; RADIO
AB PULSARS-rapidly spinning, highly magnetized neutron stars-are thought to lose their rotational energy through the emission of relativistic particles1,2. As the typical lifetime of a pulsar greatly exceeds that of the remnant of the supernova explosion in which it was born, the relativistic wind from older pulsars should interact directly with the interstellar medium; this can give rise to observable pulsar-wind nebulae3. Here we report the detection by the X-ray satellite Rosat of a different type of nebula, associated with the nearby pulsar PSR1929 + 10. The nebula appears as a linear diffuse X-ray feature in the direction opposite to the pulsar's proper motion. In this case, the pulsar wind appears to be confined by the ram-pressure arising from the high velocity of the pulsar through the interstellar medium, resulting in a trail of relativistic electrons with enhanced emissions of synchrotron radiation. Many such nebulae may exist in the solar neighbourhood, but they will be difficult to detect except in those relatively rare cases where the traits point nearly towards us.
RP WANG, QD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA.
NR 22
TC 50
Z9 51
U1 0
U2 1
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUL 8
PY 1993
VL 364
IS 6433
BP 127
EP 129
DI 10.1038/364127a0
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LL367
UT WOS:A1993LL36700041
ER

PT J
AU CHOUDHARY, L
   VARMA, DS
   WANG, FW
   CHOUDHARY, V
   VARMA, IK
AF CHOUDHARY, L
   VARMA, DS
   WANG, FW
   CHOUDHARY, V
   VARMA, IK
TI COPOLYMERIZATION OF N-PHENYL MALEIMIDE AND GAMMA-METHACRYLOXYPROPYL
   TRIMETHOXYSILANE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID SILANE
AB Copolymerisation of N-phenyl maleimide (NPM) and gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MTS) in dioxan solution using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator is described. The rate of copolymerisation depended on the mole fraction of NPM in the initial feed and decreased with an increase in NPM content. Copolymers having a mole fraction of NPM varying from 0.29 to 0.55 exhibited similar thermal behaviour in terms of initial decomposition temperature or temperature of maximum rate of weight loss. However, char yield at 600-degrees-C depended on NPM content, showing a tendency to increase with the increase in NPM content.
C1 INDIAN INST TECHNOL,CTR MAT SCI & TECHNOL,HAUZ KHAS,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA.
   NE REG INST SCI & TECHNOL,ITANAGAR,ARUNACHAL PRADE,INDIA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 14
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0021-8995
J9 J APPL POLYM SCI
JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci.
PD JUL 5
PY 1993
VL 49
IS 1
BP 91
EP 95
DI 10.1002/app.1993.070490110
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LG391
UT WOS:A1993LG39100010
ER

PT J
AU RABEONY, M
   PEIFFER, DG
   DOZIER, WD
   LIN, MY
AF RABEONY, M
   PEIFFER, DG
   DOZIER, WD
   LIN, MY
TI EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURE IN A GRAFT COPOLYMER HOMOPOLYMER BLEND UNDER
   STRAIN
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID BLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMER; INTERFACES; MACROMONOMERS; POLYSTYRENE
AB Two-dimensional light scattering and digital imaging studies of the structural evolution in a graft copolymer-homopolymer blend under quasi-static elongation are reported.  The graft copolymer consists of a polydisperse elastomeric poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) backbone onto which monodisperse thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) chains are grafted. The homopolymer poly(ethyl acrylate) is produced in situ since grafts are not incorporated into every chain. The 'quasi-equilibrium'' structure of the graft copolymer blend cast from a good solvent exhibits isotropic scattering (i.e., appearance of a spinodal ring) with an inverse characteristic length q(m) almost-equal-to 4 mum-1. When the blend is subject to a quasi-static elongation ratio lambda (=final length/initial length), three regimes are observed: (i) A transition regime at very low elongation ratios where the system behaves reversibly. (ii) A hyperelastic regime where the spinodal ring deforms in an anisotropic manner, i.e., ellipsoid-shaped scattering elongated in the direction perpendicular to the applied strain. The intensity I(parallel-to) (q(z)) parallel to the elongation increases in an exponential manner due to cooperative alignment of the hard PS-rich phase, and its peak position shifts in an affine manner to smaller values (i.e., q(zm) approximately lambda-1). Moreover, the scattered light perpendicular to the elongation, I(perpendicular-to) (q(y)), decreases in intensity as its peak position q(ym) diverges to infinity. (iii) A plastic regime where I(parallel-to)(q(z)) remains nearly constant as its position q(zm) converges to a finite value at q(zm) almost-equal-to 0.9 mum-1.  In the three regimes, the structure factor parallel to the elongation, S(parallel-to)(q(z)), remains self-similar. The underlying mechanism of the deformation will be discussed within the framework of concentration fluctuations in ''soft'' elastic two-component solids.
C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP RABEONY, M (reprint author), EXXON RES & ENGN CO,CORP RES SCI LABS,CLINTON TOWNSHIP,ROUTE 22 E,ANNANDALE,NJ 08801, USA.
NR 28
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUL 5
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 14
BP 3676
EP 3680
DI 10.1021/ma00066a028
PG 5
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LL417
UT WOS:A1993LL41700028
ER

PT J
AU SAMSON, JAR
   GREENE, CH
   BARTLETT, RJ
AF SAMSON, JAR
   GREENE, CH
   BARTLETT, RJ
TI MEASUREMENT OF THE RATIO OF DOUBLE-TO-SINGLE PHOTOIONIZATION OF HELIUM
   AT 2.8 KEV USING SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION - COMMENT
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Note
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545.
RP SAMSON, JAR (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA.
RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011
OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385
NR 12
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUL 5
PY 1993
VL 71
IS 1
BP 201
EP 201
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.201
PG 1
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LK368
UT WOS:A1993LK36800052
ER

PT J
AU TONEY, MF
   WIESLER, DG
AF TONEY, MF
   WIESLER, DG
TI INSTRUMENTAL EFFECTS ON MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE X-RAY-DIFFRACTION RODS -
   RESOLUTION FUNCTION AND ACTIVE SAMPLE AREA
SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A
LA English
DT Article
ID TRIPLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER; SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS; SILVER 111;
   REFLECTIVITY; MONOLAYERS; INTERFACE; PHASES
AB This paper describes the effect of instrumental resolution on the line shapes and intensities of surface diffraction rods when the component of the scattering vector perpendicular to the surface (Q(z)) is not small. Using a square-wave shape for the resolution function perpendicular to the scattering plane but an arbitrary in-plane shape, it is calculated how the resolution affects line shapes when the scattering vector is scanned parallel to the surface (Q(parallel-to) scans). The approach used is to measure the line shape in Q(parallel-to) scans at small Q(z) and from this to determine how the Q(parallel-to) line shapes depend on Q(z). Line shapes calculated in this manner are compared with data from an Ag(111) surface with excellent agreement, confirming the treatment. A similar approach is used to calculate the resolution correction that is needed to convert the measured diffraction-rod intensities into structure factors. Measurements of both peak intensity and integrated intensities in rocking scans are treated and the results are compared with those of previous treatments. Finally, the active sample area for an incident beam that is spatially nonuniform is calculated, as appropriate for experiments using focusing optics and wide incident slits. This approach accounts for the active area more accurately than the usual calculation assuming a uniform rectangular beam. The results described in this paper permit a better understanding of the effects of instrumental resolution on the line shapes of surface diffraction rods, enable more accurate determination of structure factors along these rods and are valid for nearly all Q(z).
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP TONEY, MF (reprint author), IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,DIV RES,SAN JOSE,CA 95120, USA.
NR 27
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 4
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0108-7673
J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A
JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 49
BP 624
EP 642
DI 10.1107/S0108767393000352
PN 4
PG 19
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA LY132
UT WOS:A1993LY13200005
ER

PT J
AU SZUSZCZEWICZ, EP
   WILKINSON, P
   SWIDER, W
   PULINETS, S
   ABDU, MA
   ROELOF, E
   FULLERROWELL, T
   EVANS, DS
   BATEMAN, T
   BLANCHARD, P
   GUSTAFSSON, G
   HANBABA, R
   JOSELYN, J
   KIKUCHI, T
   LEITINGER, R
   LESTER, M
   REDDY, B
   RUOHONIEMI, M
   SANDS, M
   SOBRAL, J
   WALKER, GO
   WICKWAR, V
AF SZUSZCZEWICZ, EP
   WILKINSON, P
   SWIDER, W
   PULINETS, S
   ABDU, MA
   ROELOF, E
   FULLERROWELL, T
   EVANS, DS
   BATEMAN, T
   BLANCHARD, P
   GUSTAFSSON, G
   HANBABA, R
   JOSELYN, J
   KIKUCHI, T
   LEITINGER, R
   LESTER, M
   REDDY, B
   RUOHONIEMI, M
   SANDS, M
   SOBRAL, J
   WALKER, GO
   WICKWAR, V
TI MEASUREMENTS AND EMPIRICAL-MODEL COMPARISONS OF F-REGION CHARACTERISTICS
   AND AURORAL OVAL BOUNDARIES DURING THE SOLSTITIAL SUNDIAL CAMPAIGN OF
   1987
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; LOW LATITUDES; IONOSPHERE; ENERGY; CONDUCTIVITY; FLUX
AB We report on the SUNDIAL campaign conducted during the solstitial period May 29-June 7, 1987. For generally quiet conditions a global network of ionosonde data, supported by topside sounder observations of the Intercosmos 1806 satellite, were compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The comparisons included F-region peak characteristics, N(m) F2 (i.e., f0 F2) and h(m) F2, as well as topside height profiles N(e) (z). Overall, the IRI specification of f0 F2 was found to be higher than the observations. The difference in the daytime hemispheres was nearly twice that in the night-time hemispheres, with no obvious bias in universal time nor in phenomenological domains (e.g., equatorial anomaly, mid-to-high latitudes, etc.). With regard to h(m) F2 and topside profiles, a small data sample shows relatively good agreement with the IRI. In the topside N(e) (z) comparisons there was good qualitative agreement in shape; but there were quantitative differences resulting from differences in N(m) F2. To improve IRI specifications at high latitudes comparisons also included Feldstein, DMSP, and NOAA/TIROS auroral oval models and their relative agreements with satellite-borne particle measurements of oval boundaries. The NOAA/TIROS model demonstrates the largest range in dynamic oval boundary responses to magnetic activity. It was also found to be in the best agreement with observations and appears to offer highest promise for a proper high-latitude adjunct to the IRI and an improved empirical specification of ionospheric distributions in auroral zones.
C1 PHILLIPS LAB,GPS,BEDFORD,MA 01731.
   IZMIRAN,TROITSK,RUSSIA.
   INPE,S JOSE CAMPO,BRAZIL.
   UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UPPSALA IONOSPHER OBSERV,UPPSALA,SWEDEN.
   NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   CTR NATL ETUD TELECOMMUN,PARIS,FRANCE.
   GRAZ UNIV,A-8010 GRAZ,AUSTRIA.
   UNIV LEICESTER,LEICESTER LE1 7RH,ENGLAND.
   NATL PHYS LAB,NEW DELHI 110012,INDIA.
   UNIV HONG KONG,HONG KONG,HONG KONG.
   UTAH STATE UNIV,LOGAN,UT 84322.
   JHU,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20723.
RP SZUSZCZEWICZ, EP (reprint author), SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,ATMOSPHER & SPACE SCI LAB,1710 GOODRIDGE DR,MCLEAN,VA 22102, USA.
RI Pulinets, Sergey/F-7462-2011
OI Pulinets, Sergey/0000-0003-3944-6686
NR 32
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS
JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 7
BP 601
EP 613
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LN063
UT WOS:A1993LN06300007
ER

PT J
AU VORBURGER, TV
   MARX, E
   LETTIERI, TR
AF VORBURGER, TV
   MARX, E
   LETTIERI, TR
TI REGIMES OF SURFACE-ROUGHNESS MEASURABLE WITH LIGHT-SCATTERING
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE ANGLE-RESOLVED SCATTERING; AUTOCORRELATION; AUTOCOVARIANCE;
   BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; LIGHT SCATTERING; POWER
   SPECTRAL DENSITY; RMS ROUGHNESS; RMS SLOPE; SPECULAR BEAM; SURFACE
   ROUGHNESS
AB In this paper we summarize a number of previous experiments on the measurement of the roughness of metallic surfaces by light scattering. We identify several regimes that permit measurement of different surface parameters and functions, and we establish approximate limits for each regime. Using a straightforward criterion, we calculate that the smooth-surface regime, in which the angular distribution of scattered light is closely related to the power spectral density of the roughness, ranges over 0 < sigma/lambda less than or similar to 0.05, where sigma is the rms roughness and lambda is the opitcal wavelength. Above that the surface autocorrelation function may be calculated from a Fourier transform of the angular distribution over 0 < sigma/lambda less than or similar to 0.14. Then comes the specular regime where the specular beam can still be identified and measured over 0 < sigma/lambda less than or similar to 0.3. For all these regimes and for rougher surfaces too, the rms width of the scatter distribution is proportional to the rms slope of the surface.
RP VORBURGER, TV (reprint author), NBS, DIV PRECIS ENGN, SURFACE & PARTICLE METROL GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 44
TC 70
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 10
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 19
BP 3401
EP 3408
PG 8
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LK405
UT WOS:A1993LK40500007
PM 20829957
ER

PT J
AU BLESSING, GV
   SLOTWINSKI, JA
   EITZEN, DG
   RYAN, HM
AF BLESSING, GV
   SLOTWINSKI, JA
   EITZEN, DG
   RYAN, HM
TI ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE-ROUGHNESS
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Pulsed ultrasound propagating in water was used at megahertz carrier frequencies (nominally 10-50 MHz) to reflect and scatter from rough surfaces in the same way as light. We have considered noncontact ultrasonic techniques as complementary to optical techniques in several ways: (a) for specific applications such as wet surfaces, (b) for rougher surfaces with average roughness, R(a) greater-than-or-equal-to 0.1 mum, and (c) for (simultaneous) profilometry by time-of-flight measurements. Stylus and ultrasonic data are compared. An example of application to the manufacturing environment is for on-line, real-time sensor feedback and process control in the cutting or grinding of metals and ceramics.
C1 PENN STATE UNIV, UNIV PK, PA 16802 USA.
RP BLESSING, GV (reprint author), NBS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 11
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 19
BP 3433
EP 3437
PG 5
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LK405
UT WOS:A1993LK40500011
PM 20829961
ER

PT J
AU FERGUSON, RL
   PAWLAK, BT
   WOOD, LL
AF FERGUSON, RL
   PAWLAK, BT
   WOOD, LL
TI FLOWERING OF THE SEAGRASS HALODULE-WRIGHTII IN NORTH-CAROLINA, USA
SO AQUATIC BOTANY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME
AB Halodule wrightii Aschers. is a tropical euryhaline dioecious seagrass which is broadly distributed in shallow marine waters on the mainland side of the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Previous reports of H. wrightii in North Carolina have been limited to observations of sterile plants. During June through August 1990, and in May 1991, we observed and photographed male and female flowers of H. wrightii collected between Cape Lookout and Oregon Inlet, North Carolina. Although we did not find seeds of H. wrightii in the sediment of that region, seeds were found south of Cape Lookout in Bogue Sound in 1991. Our observations confirm that Dare County, North Carolina, is the northern limit for occurrence of H. wrightii along the Atlantic coast of North America.
RP FERGUSON, RL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-3770
J9 AQUAT BOT
JI Aquat. Bot.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 46
IS 1
BP 91
EP 98
DI 10.1016/0304-3770(93)90066-6
PG 8
WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LQ762
UT WOS:A1993LQ76200006
ER

PT J
AU PERSILY, AK
AF PERSILY, AK
TI VENTILATION, CARBON-DIOXIDE AND ASHRAE STANDARD 62-1989
SO ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND
   AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS
LA English
DT Article
RP PERSILY, AK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,INDOOR AIR QUAL & VENTILAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA.
NR 0
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER SOC HEAT REFRIG AIR- CONDITIONING ENG INC
PI ATLANTA
PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329
SN 0001-2491
J9 ASHRAE J
JI ASHRAE J.-Am. Soc. Heat Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 35
IS 7
BP 40
EP &
PG 0
WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering,
   Mechanical
SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering
GA LN822
UT WOS:A1993LN82200008
ER

PT J
AU SKINNER, SL
   BROWN, A
   STEWART, RT
AF SKINNER, SL
   BROWN, A
   STEWART, RT
TI A HIGH-SENSITIVITY SURVEY OF RADIO-CONTINUUM EMISSION FROM HERBIG-AE/BE
   STARS
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
LA English
DT Review
ID T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; IONIZED STELLAR WINDS;
   CARBON-MONOXIDE OBSERVATIONS; DARK CLOUD COMPLEX; MASS-LOSS RATES; X-RAY
   SOURCES; YOUNG STARS; HARO OBJECTS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS
AB We present results of a high-sensitivity VLA/Australia Telescope survey of radio continuum emission from the 57 Herbig Ae/Be stars and candidates in the 1984 catalog of Finkenzeller and Mundt. Twelve stars (=21%) were detected at the primary observing wavelength of 3.6 cm, on the basis that greater-than-or-equal-to 4 sigma radio sources lie within 1'' of the optical positions. Four additional stars show greater-than-or-equal-to 4 sigma radio sources within 1''-2'' of the optical positions and are classified as possible detections. Upper limits for undetected stars are typically less-than-or-equal-to 0.1 mJy (3 sigma) at 3.6 cm, making this one of the most sensitive stellar radio surveys yet conducted. Multiwavelength (2-20 cm) follow-up observations yielded estimates of the spectral index alpha (S(epsilon) is-proportional-to epsilon(alpha)) for nine stars and served as a cursory check for radio variability.
   Several lines of evidence suggest that the radio emission is predominantly thermal and in many cases wind-related. This evidence includes (1) the failure to detect circular polarization, (2) the failure to detect significant short-term (less-than-or-equal-to days) flux variability in a limited monitoring program, (3) partially resolved radio emission in at least five stars, indicating brightness temperatures less-than-or-equal-to 10(4) K, (4) the presence of mass-loss signatures in 9 of 12 detections, and (5) spectral indices for three stars which are in good agreement with the value alpha = +0.6 expected for free-free wind emission.
   The unusual eclipsing binary TY CrA is an exception and is classified as a nonthermal radio source on the basis of its decidedly negative spectral index (alpha = - 1.2). Nonthermal emission also remains a possibility for MWC 137, whose radio flux decreased significantly on a time scale of less-than-or-equal-to 5 months. However, the classification of these two objects as Herbig Ae/Be stars is in doubt.
   Although the number of detections is small, the available data suggest a correlation between 3.6 cm luminosity and bolometric luminosity, with a near-linear power-law dependence of the form L3.6 cm is-proportional-to L(bol)+0.9+/-0.1. Furthermore, ionized mass-loss rates obey the relation M(ion) is-proportional-to L(bol)+0.6+/-0.15, which is in good agreement with previous results for pre-main-sequence stars. There is a paucity of detections later than spectral type almost-equal-to A2, and a similar trend has also been noticed in a recent VIA survey of magnetic Ap/Bp stars. In both cases, the inability to detect later A-type stars is attributed to the rapid decrease in wind ionization toward lower effective temperatures.
   It has been proposed that a large fraction of Herbig Ae/Be stars are surrounded by accretion disks and are accreting at rates of approximately 10(-6) to 10(-5) M. yr-1. Using a simple, spherically symmetric, free-fall accretion model, the predicted radio fluxes due to accretion at these rates are found to be one to four orders of magnitude larger than observed. This implies that the accretion rates have been overestimated, or that the accretion process is sufficiently complex that spherical, free-fall theory does not apply.
C1 AUSTRALIA TELESCOPE NATL FACIL, EPPING, NSW 2121, AUSTRALIA.
   UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP SKINNER, SL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, CAMPUS BOX 440, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA.
NR 192
TC 130
Z9 130
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0067-0049
J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S
JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 87
IS 1
BP 217
EP 265
DI 10.1086/191803
PG 49
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LJ017
UT WOS:A1993LJ01700007
ER

PT J
AU KLAZURA, GE
   IMY, DA
AF KLAZURA, GE
   IMY, DA
TI A DESCRIPTION OF THE INITIAL SET OF ANALYSIS PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FROM THE
   NEXRAD WSR-88D SYSTEM
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADAR
AB The NEXRAD program is deploying a network of approximately 160 weather radars throughout the United States and at selected overseas sites. The WSR-88D systems provide highly sensitive, fine-resolution measurements of reflectivity, mean radial velocity, and spectrum width data and generate up to 39 categories of analysis products derived from the base data every five to ten minutes. This paper provides an overview of the analysis products that are available on the WSR-88D systems. Primary uses and limitations of these products are discussed, and several examples are presented. A brief description of the WSR-88D system, including primary components, antenna scanning strategies, and product dissemination plans is also included.
C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,DENVER,CO.
RP KLAZURA, GE (reprint author), OPERAT SUPPORT FACIL WSR88D,NORMAN,OK, USA.
NR 13
TC 201
Z9 202
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 7
BP 1293
EP 1311
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<1293:ADOTIS>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP292
UT WOS:A1993LP29200001
ER

PT J
AU ELLIOTT, WP
   GAFFEN, DJ
AF ELLIOTT, WP
   GAFFEN, DJ
TI EFFECTS OF CONVERSION ALGORITHMS ON REPORTED UPPER-AIR DEWPOINT
   DEPRESSIONS
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID RADIOSONDE
AB Different nations use different algorithms or other techniques to convert temperatures and relative humidities from radiosonde observations to dewpoint depressions. Thus, it is possible for identical measured values to result in different reported dewpoints. On the basis of a sample of conversion methods, we calculate the possible differences among the national practices. In general, the discrepancies are not large and would often be lost in the usual round-off procedures associated with transmission over the Global Telecommunications System, but in cold, dry conditions dewpoints different by more than 1-degrees-C could be reported for identical conditions. Some of the methods have been changed over time, so there is also the possibility of inhomogeneities in climate records.
RP ELLIOTT, WP (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA.
NR 10
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 7
BP 1323
EP 1325
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<1323:EOCAOR>2.0.CO;2
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP292
UT WOS:A1993LP29200003
ER

PT J
AU LEWIS, JM
AF LEWIS, JM
TI METEOROLOGISTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY-OF-TOKYO - THEIR EXODUS TO THE
   UNITED-STATES FOLLOWING WORLD-WAR-II
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
AB The emigration of 11 Young Japanese meteorologists to the United States following World War II is investigated. Their move is examined with the benefit of a historical backdrop that includes a study of the socioeconomic conditions in Japan and the education that they received at the University of Tokyo. Oral histories and letters of reminiscence from these scientists are used with standard source material to reconstruct the conditions of postwar Japan. The principal results of the study are that 1) these scientists were among the intellectual elite, because of the rigorous screening process in the Japanese educational system; 2) their scientific education was fundamentally grounded in traditional physics and a wide range of geophysical sciences; 3) they all experienced austere living conditions and poor job prospects in the war-torn Japanese economy; and 4) they made a strong scientific connection with U.S. researchers in the areas of numerical experimentation and numerical weather prediction, which faciliated their move to the United States.
RP LEWIS, JM (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 7
BP 1351
EP 1360
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<1351:MFTUOT>2.0.CO;2
PG 10
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP292
UT WOS:A1993LP29200006
ER

PT J
AU STEVENS, BG
   DONALDSON, WE
   HAAGA, JA
   MUNK, JE
AF STEVENS, BG
   DONALDSON, WE
   HAAGA, JA
   MUNK, JE
TI MORPHOMETRY AND MATURITY OF PAIRED TANNER CRABS, CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI,
   FROM SHALLOWWATER AND DEEP-WATER ENVIRONMENTS
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID MALE SNOW CRAB; SPIDER CRAB; FUNCTIONAL MATURITY; CARCINUS-MAENAS;
   TERMINAL MOLT; SIZE; OPILIO; DECAPODA; BEHAVIOR; MAJIDAE
AB Paired male and female Tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi, in a premating embrace were collected from shallow-(<13 m) and deepwater (>150 m) benthic environments by scuba and submersible, respectively. Pubescent females were restricted to shallow water; males grasping them were significantly smaller than those grasping oldshell multiparous females with eyed embryos in a large, deepwater mating aggregation. Males appeared to select for large sizes among pubescent females, but not among multiparous females, which were limited in size range. Grasping males were 82.6-166.2 mm carapace width (CW) (xBAR = 114.8) and represented at least three different width frequency modes; all were larger than their female partners. Paired females represented two modes with mean CW almost-equal-to 77 mm for pubescent and 99 mm for multiparous individuals. Only one to three of 176 male graspers were small-clawed (morphometrically immature), a statistically nonsignificant proportion; several others had partially regenerated claws but were otherwise morphometrically mature, as evidenced by the second right merus. These data support the hypothesis that the attainment of morphometric maturity, evidenced by a relatively large chela to body size ratio, is a prerequisite for functional maturity, the ability to mate competitively in wild populations.
C1 ALASKA DEPT FISH & GAME,KODIAK,AK 99615.
RP STEVENS, BG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,POB 1638,KODIAK,AK 99615, USA.
NR 36
TC 55
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA
PI OTTAWA
PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA
SN 0706-652X
J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI
JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 7
BP 1504
EP 1516
PG 13
WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA MA279
UT WOS:A1993MA27900019
ER

PT J
AU STEIN, JE
   REICHERT, WL
   FRENCH, B
   VARANASI, U
AF STEIN, JE
   REICHERT, WL
   FRENCH, B
   VARANASI, U
TI P-32 POSTLABELING ANALYSIS OF DNA ADDUCT FORMATION AND PERSISTENCE IN
   ENGLISH SOLE (PLEURONECTES-VETULUS) EXPOSED TO BENZO[A]PYRENE AND
   7H-DIBENZO[C,G]CARBAZOLE
SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
LA English
DT Article
DE DNA-ADDUCTS; BENZO[A]PYRENE; 7H-DIBENZO[C,G]CARBAZOLE; P-32-POSTLABELING
ID P-32 POSTLABELING ASSAY; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS; PUGET-SOUND; RAT-LIVER;
   CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; METABOLISM; FISH; BENZO(A)PYRENE; INDUCTION;
   INVIVO
AB The formation and persistence of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)- and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC)-DNA adducts in liver of English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) were investigated. BaP is a putative hepatocarcinogen in English sole based on its ability to induce formation of preneoplastic foci, while DBC is a hepatocarcinogen in mammals but whose carcinogenicity in fish is not known. English sole liver was sampled from 2 h through 84 days after a single intermuscular injection of a BaP and DBC mixture (100 mumol of each/kg body wt.), and DNA adduct levels were measured by the nuclease Pl version of the P-32-postlabeling assay. The major BaP adducts detected were from binding of BaP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide to DNA, whereas multiple uncharacterized DBC-DNA adducts were detected. Total adduct levels for both BaP and DBC reached a maximum at 2 days post exposure. The levels of DBC-DNA adducts were greater than the levels of BaP adducts at all time points and increased more rapidly than did the levels of BaP-DNA adducts. The DBC to BaP adduct ratio was 33 +/- 8.8 at 2 h and declined to 4.2 +/- 0.48 by 12 h post exposure. From 2 to 28 days, the levels of both BaP and DBC adducts declined with apparent half-lives of 11 and 13 days, respectively. There was no apparent decline from 28 to 84 days in the levels of the remaining BaP or DBC adducts; these persistent adducts represented 32 and 36% of maximum levels, respectively. These results provide the first data on the kinetics of adduct formation and removal of a carcinogenic nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compound in fish. The results showing greater binding and similar persistence of DBC-DNA adducts compared to BaP-DNA adducts suggest that DBC may be hepatotoxic and potentially carcinogenic in English sole. In a separate experiment, the effect of multiple doses of BaP (30 mumol/kg body wt.) on the levels of hepatic BaP-DNA adducts showed that adduct levels increased linearly (r = 0.815, P = 0.0007) with 5 successive doses administered at 2 day-intervals and sampled 2 days after the last dose. The persistence of both BaP-DNA and DBC-DNA adducts in liver, together with the increase in BaP-DNA adducts in English sole exposed to successive doses of BaP, suggest that hepatic xenobiotic-DNA adducts in English sole are molecular dosimeters of relatively longterm environmental exposure to genotoxic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
RP STEIN, JE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 50
TC 56
Z9 61
U1 2
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0009-2797
J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT
JI Chem.-Biol. Interact.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 88
IS 1
BP 55
EP 69
DI 10.1016/0009-2797(93)90084-C
PG 15
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA LQ414
UT WOS:A1993LQ41400005
PM 8330324
ER

PT J
AU KANE, SM
   REILLY, JJ
AF KANE, SM
   REILLY, JJ
TI AN EMPIRICAL-STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC-EFFECTS OF CLIMATE-CHANGE ON WORLD
   AGRICULTURE - REPLY
SO CLIMATIC CHANGE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 MIT,JOINT CTR SCI & POLICY GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139.
RP KANE, SM (reprint author), NOAA,OFF CHIEF SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0165-0009
J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE
JI Clim. Change
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 24
IS 3
BP 277
EP 280
DI 10.1007/BF01091835
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LT299
UT WOS:A1993LT29900009
ER

PT J
AU GENG, Z
   HAYNES, LS
AF GENG, Z
   HAYNES, LS
TI DYNAMIC CONTROL OF A PARALLEL LINK MANIPULATOR USING A CMAC
   NEURAL-NETWORK
SO COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB A multiple neural network structure called a cascaded CMAC (Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer) is proposed which is able to perform dynamic control of a parallel link manipulator. The cascaded CMAC network achieves faster learning than conventional neural networks, and captures both general trends and fine details of an unknown nonlinear mapping. Simulation results are included in this paper.
C1 INTELLIGENT AUTOMAT INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
   UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131.
   PROJECT DESIGN SYST INC,ARLINGTON,VA.
   GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROBOT ASSEMBLY GRP,BOULDER,CO.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ROBOT SYST,REAL TIME CONTROL SYST GRP,BOULDER,CO.
NR 4
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-7906
J9 COMPUT ELECTR ENG
JI Comput. Electr. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 19
IS 4
BP 265
EP 276
DI 10.1016/0045-7906(93)90049-W
PG 12
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science,
   Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA LC503
UT WOS:A1993LC50300003
ER

PT J
AU JAMSHIDI, M
   BARAK, D
   BAUGH, S
   VADIEE, N
AF JAMSHIDI, M
   BARAK, D
   BAUGH, S
   VADIEE, N
TI COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR FUZZY-LOGIC AND CONTROL
SO COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
AB Fuzzy logic and fuzzy expert control systems have been one of the most active research and development areas of artificial intelligence in recent years. Thanks to tremendous technical advances and many industrial applications in Japan, fuzzy logic enjoys an unprecedented popularity. An equally important issue is the educational need for training the students of engineering and science for both theory and experiments with fuzzy logic. In this paper one such educational experience is described. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 will provide some computational and simulation experience, while the experimental experiences for real-time fuzzy control will be given in the next section. Conclusions and future work will be given next. A number of examples will be given to illustrate the efforts.
C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CAD LAB INTELLIGENT & ROBOT SYST,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131.
   USAF,WEAPONS PHILLIPS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20330.
   UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801.
   SHIRAZ UNIV,SHIRAZ,IRAN.
   UNIV STUTTGART,W-7000 STUTTGART 80,GERMANY.
   TECH UNIV DENMARK,DK-2800 LYNGBY,DENMARK.
   GM CORP,RES LABS,DETROIT,MI 48202.
   GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO.
   UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0045-7906
J9 COMPUT ELECTR ENG
JI Comput. Electr. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 19
IS 4
BP 289
EP 298
DI 10.1016/0045-7906(93)90051-R
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science,
   Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Computer Science; Engineering
GA LC503
UT WOS:A1993LC50300005
ER

PT J
AU FITT, WK
   SPERO, HJ
   HALAS, J
   WHITE, MW
   PORTER, JW
AF FITT, WK
   SPERO, HJ
   HALAS, J
   WHITE, MW
   PORTER, JW
TI RECOVERY OF THE CORAL MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS IN THE FLORIDA KEYS AFTER THE
   1987 CARIBBEAN BLEACHING EVENT
SO CORAL REEFS
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC REEF CORALS; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY;
   ZOOXANTHELLAE; PANAMA; GROWTH; COELENTERATES; TOLERANCE; SALINITY
AB Many reef-building corals and other cnidarians lost photosynthetic pigments and symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) during the coral bleaching event in the Caribbean in 1987. The Florida Reef Tract included some of the first documented cases, with widespread bleaching of the massive coral Montastrea annularis beginning in late August. Phototransects at Carysfort Reef showed discoloration of >90% of colonies of this species in March 1988 compared to 0% in July 1986; however no mortality was observed between 1986 and 1988. Samples of corals collected in February and June 1988 had zooxanthellae densities ranging from 0.1 in the most lightly colored corals, to 1.6 x 10(6) cells/cm2 in the darker corals. Minimum densities increased to 0.5 x 10(6) cells/cm2 by August 1989. Chlorophyll-a content of zooxanthellae and zooxanthellar mitotic indices were significantly higher in corals with lower densities of zooxanthellae, suggesting that zooxanthellae at low densities may be more nutrient-sufficient than those in unbleached corals. Ash-free dry weight of coral tissue was positively correlated with zooxanthellae density at all sample times and was significantly lower in June 1988 compared to August 1989. Proteins and lipids per cm2 were significantly higher in August 1989 than in February or June, 1988. Although recovery of zooxanthellae density and coral pigmentation to normal levels may occur in less than one year, regrowth of tissue biomass and energy stores lost during the period of low symbiont densities may take significantly longer.
C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT GEOL,DAVIS,CA 95616.
   KEY LARGO NATL MARINE SANCTUARY,KEY LARGO,FL 33037.
RP FITT, WK (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA.
OI Spero, Howard/0000-0001-5465-8607
NR 51
TC 118
Z9 122
U1 2
U2 21
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0722-4028
J9 CORAL REEFS
JI Coral Reefs
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 12
IS 2
BP 57
EP 64
DI 10.1007/BF00302102
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LN556
UT WOS:A1993LN55600002
ER

PT J
AU LOVE, DC
   SHIRLEY, TC
AF LOVE, DC
   SHIRLEY, TC
TI PARASITISM OF THE GOLDEN KING CRAB, LITHODES-AEQUISPINUS BENEDICT, 1895
   (DECAPODA, ANOMURA, LITHODIDAE) BY A LIPARID FISH
SO CRUSTACEANA
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; BRIAROSACCUS-CALLOSUS BOSCHMA; DEEP FJORDS;
   RHIZOCEPHALAN; BARNACLE
AB Fish eggs and larvae of the genus Careproctus were found in the gill chamber of ovigerous golden king crabs Lithodes aequispinus. The host crab died subsequent to hatching of the fish eggs in one incident, but not in another. Because of gill damage caused by the egg mass, the fish-crab relationship is properly termed parasitism rather than commensalism. Two of 14 ovigerous females were parasitized, while no infected males were found in 824 examined, although evidence of parasitism of male crabs was found.
C1 UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,SCH FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI,JUNEAU CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801.
RP LOVE, DC (reprint author), NOAA,AUKE BAY FISHERIES LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA.
NR 24
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU E J BRILL
PI LEIDEN
PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS
SN 0011-216X
J9 CRUSTACEANA
JI Crustaceana
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 65
BP 97
EP 104
DI 10.1163/156854093X00414
PN 1
PG 8
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LM238
UT WOS:A1993LM23800012
ER

PT J
AU CHEN, DX
   CROSS, RW
   SANCHEZ, A
AF CHEN, DX
   CROSS, RW
   SANCHEZ, A
TI EFFECTS OF CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY, EQUILIBRIUM MAGNETIZATION AND
   SURFACE-BARRIER ON MAGNETIZATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO CRYOGENICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY; CRITICAL STATE; HIGH TC SUPERCONDUCTORS
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-STATE MODEL; II SUPERCONDUCTORS;
   DEMAGNETIZATION FACTOR; HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS; AC SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   HYSTERESIS; CRYSTAL; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; PENETRATION
AB An extended critical state model which includes the effects of bulk critical current density, equilibrium magnetization and surface barrier is developed for the magnetization of superconductors. The equilibrium magnetization and surface barrier are modelled by an applied field dependent surface supercurrent density j(s)(H), whose presence changes the boundary field of the bulk. The volume supercurrents flow with a density equal to the internal field dependent critical current density J(c)(H(i)). The magnetization M is produced by both supercurrents. For the M(H) curve computation, exponential-type Jc(H(i)) and j(s)(H) values are used for the general case of an infinite sample of rectangular cross-section. A comparison between the experimental magnetization curves of a sintered YBa2Cu3O7 superconductor at 76 K and the model fit shows that j(s)(H) is null for the coupling matrix, whereas a non-zero j(s)(H) is needed for the grains. The model fit for the irreversible magnetization of the grains is improved by including a surface barrier to the entry and exit of flux.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV AUTONOMA BARCELONA,DEPT FIS,E-08193 BARCELONA,SPAIN.
RP CHEN, DX (reprint author), UCM,RENFE,INST MAGNETISMO APLICADO,E-28230 LAS ROZAS MADRID,SPAIN.
RI Sanchez, Alvaro/C-7041-2008; 
OI Sanchez, Alvaro/0000-0002-2988-0289
NR 52
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0011-2275
J9 CRYOGENICS
JI Cryogenics
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 33
IS 7
BP 695
EP 703
DI 10.1016/0011-2275(93)90022-G
PG 9
WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Physics
GA LJ775
UT WOS:A1993LJ77500006
ER

PT J
AU CANNON, GA
   PASHINSKI, DJ
   LEMON, MR
AF CANNON, GA
   PASHINSKI, DJ
   LEMON, MR
TI HYDROTHERMAL EFFECTS WEST OF THE JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE
SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; NORTH PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; TOPOGRAPHY; PLUMES
AB The Juan de Fuca Ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean is a region of extensive hydrothermal activity, and plumes emanating from the ridge can be dispersed by the oceanic circulation at about 2000 m. Off-axis temperature-salinity characteristics and water-property maps suggest a history of variability in hydrothermal activity on the ridge. Distinctive bulges in theta-S curves from stations several hundred kilometers westward have characteristics very similar to those near and over the ridge, possibly representing plume remnants from prior venting which detached from the source and drifted with the regional circulation. If they were advected from the ridge at about 1 cm s-1, they would represent venting events which occurred 2-3 years earlier. Although not conclusive, currents observed on the ridge in 1984-1985 showed a 6-month winter interval of continuous off-axis flow to the west, but, unfortunately, it occurred between annual shipboard observations. Year-to-year variations are shown by relatively large increases in the near-ridge potential temperatures from 1987 to 1988, possibly suggesting another event that may propagate westward. The thermal observations here are consistent with simultaneous distributions of silica, suspended particulates and helium described by others. The variations in temperature, as well as flow variability near the ridge, are sufficiently large that they need to be considered when interpreting other water column observations, not only near hydrothermally active ridges but also at least several hundred kilometers away from the venting sites.
RP CANNON, GA (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
NR 19
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0967-0637
J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I
JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 40
IS 7
BP 1447
EP 1457
DI 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90122-J
PG 11
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LQ833
UT WOS:A1993LQ83300009
ER

PT J
AU BAKER, ET
   MASSOTH, GJ
   WALKER, SL
   EMBLEY, RW
AF BAKER, ET
   MASSOTH, GJ
   WALKER, SL
   EMBLEY, RW
TI A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATING DIFFUSE AND DISCRETE HYDROTHERMAL
   DISCHARGE
SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA-RIDGE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; HOT SPRINGS; VENT
   FIELD; PLUMES; OCEAN; JUAN; 21-DEGREES-N; HEAT
AB Submarine hydrothermal fluids discharge as undiluted, high-temperature jets and as diffuse, highly diluted, low-temperature percolation. Estimates of the relative contribution of each discharge type, which are important for the accurate determination of local and global hydrothermal budgets, are difficult to obtain directly. In this paper we describe a new method of using measurements of hydrothermal tracers such as Fe/Mn, Fe/heat, and Mn/heat in high-temperature fluids, low-temperature fluids, and the neutrally buoyant plume to deduce the relative contribution of each discharge type. We sampled vent fluids from the north Cleft vent field on the Juan de Fuca Ridge in 1988, 1989 and 1991, and plume samples every year from 1986 to 1991. The tracers were, on average, 3 to 90 times greater in high-temperature than in low-temperature fluids, with plume values intermediate. A mixing model calculates that high-temperature fluids contribute only approximately 3% of the fluid mass flux but > 90% of the hydrothermal Fe and > 60% of the hydrothermal Mn to the overlying plume. Three years of extensive camera-CTD sled tows through the vent field show that diffuse venting is restricted to a narrow fissure zone extending for 18 km along the axial strike. Linear plume theory applied to the temperature plumes detected when the sled crossed this zone yields a maximum likelihood estimate for the diffuse heat flux of 8.9 X 10(4) W/m, for a total flux of 534 MW, considering that diffuse venting is active along only one-third of the fissure system. For mean low- and high-temperature discharge of 25-degrees-C and 319-degrees-C, respectively, the discrete heat flux must be 266 MW to satisfy the mass flux partitioning. If the north Cleft vent field is globally representative, the assumption that high-temperature discharge dominates the mass flux in axial vent fields leads to an overestimation of the flux of many non-conservative hydrothermal species by about an order of magnitude.
C1 NOAA,PMEL,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
RP BAKER, ET (reprint author), NOAA,PMEL,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 40
TC 55
Z9 55
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0012-821X
J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT
JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 118
IS 1-4
BP 235
EP 249
DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90170-E
PG 15
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA LQ535
UT WOS:A1993LQ53500016
ER

PT J
AU BRAULT, S
   CASWELL, H
AF BRAULT, S
   CASWELL, H
TI POD-SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHY OF KILLER WHALES (ORCINUS-ORCA)
SO ECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE DEMOGRAPHY; MARINE MAMMALS; MATRIX POPULATION MODELS; ORCINUS-ORCA;
   POPULATION GROWTH RATE; RANDOMIZATION TESTS; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;
   SOCIAL STRUCTURE; STAGE-CLASSIFIED MODELS
AB Killer whales live in stable social groups, called ''pods.'' It has been suggested that the structure of such groups may influence the vital rates, and hence the fitness, of their members. To test this suggestion we used data from a long-term study of killer whales in the Pacific Northwest (Bigg et al. 1990). We constructed stage-classified matrix population models for the entire population, two sub-populations, and individuals pods. The population growth rate for the entire population is lambda = 1.0254, with 90% bootstrap confidence interval from 1.0178 to 1.0322. The mean female population stage distribution is not significantly different from the predicted stable stage distribution. Population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult and juvenile survival, followed by fertility. Factors that cause even small changes in survival will thus have a large impact on population growth. Pod-specific growth rates range from lambda = 0.9949 to lambda = 1.0498.  Most of the interpod variance in growth rate is due to variance in adult reproductive output. Randomization tests show that this variance is not significantly greater than expected on the basis of variation in individual life histories within the population. We conclude that there is no evidence for an effect of social structure on pod-specific population growth rate. The restriction of population growth rates to such a narrow range suggests, but does not prove, a possible role for density-dependent processes.
C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT BIOL,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543.
   NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543.
OI Caswell, Hal/0000-0003-4394-6894
NR 32
TC 158
Z9 161
U1 8
U2 79
PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0012-9658
J9 ECOLOGY
JI Ecology
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 5
BP 1444
EP 1454
DI 10.2307/1940073
PG 11
WC Ecology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA LK429
UT WOS:A1993LK42900014
ER

PT J
AU FISHER, SW
   LYDY, MJ
   BARGER, J
   LANDRUM, PF
AF FISHER, SW
   LYDY, MJ
   BARGER, J
   LANDRUM, PF
TI QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIPS FOR PREDICTING THE
   TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS WITH SEDIMENT
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE QSAR; ACHE INHIBITORS; PREDICTION; TOXICITY
ID WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENT; SOLUBILITY PROPERTIES; BIOLOGICAL MEDIA;
   CHEMICALS; FISH; POLYMERS; MIDGE
AB The toxicity of a series of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate insecticides was measured against the midge Chironomus riparius in aquatic systems with and without sediment. Five molecular descriptors (molecular volume, Henry's law constant, n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)), molecular connectivity, and linear solvation energy) were used in regression analysis as potential predictors of insecticidal activity. The regressions were conducted for each descriptor against toxicity values for the series of chemicals.
   Molecular volume and Henry's law constant showed no relationship with toxicity. However, log K(ow) was moderately successful in describing the effect of sediment on toxicity (r2 = 0.508). Prediction of toxicity was substantially improved when a linear solvation energy (LSE) or molecular connectivity (MC) model was used in regressions. In multiple regressions conducted on carbamates and OPs separately, use of MC or LSE parameters explained up to 95.8% of the variability in toxicity. Based on the results of regression analyses, sorptive interactions between these insecticides and sediment apparently dominate the processes affecting the toxicity of these compounds when sediment is present. In the absence of sediment, the regressions suggest that the molecular structure of the insecticides is more important than solubility or partitioning for determining toxicity.
C1 GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
   OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210.
   US FOREST SERV,DELAWARE,OH 43015.
RP FISHER, SW (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA.
NR 37
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 8
PU SETAC PRESS
PI PENSACOLA
PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370
SN 0730-7268
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM
JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 12
IS 7
BP 1307
EP 1318
DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1993)12[1307:QSRFPT]2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA LJ282
UT WOS:A1993LJ28200021
ER

PT J
AU RANDWEAVER, M
   SWANSON, P
AF RANDWEAVER, M
   SWANSON, P
TI PLASMA SOMATOLACTIN LEVELS IN COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) DURING
   SMOLTIFICATION AND SEXUAL-MATURATION
SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMP OF FISH ENDOCRINOLOGY
CY JUN 01-04, 1992
CL SAINT MALO, FRANCE
SP INRA, EUROPEAN ECON COMMUNITIES, REG COUNCIL BRETAGNE BRITTA PROGRAM, INST FRANCAIS RECH EXPLOITAT MER, FRENCH AGCY RES, FRANCE AQUACULTURE, EUROGENETEC
DE SOMATOLACTIN; GH PRL FAMILY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PLASMA LEVELS;
   REPRODUCTIVE MATURATION; SMOLTIFICATION
ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; GONADAL STEROIDOGENESIS;
   HEPATIC ULTRASTRUCTURE; TELEOST FISHES; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROLACTIN;
   SEAWATER; CORTISOL; SALAR
AB Somatolactin (SL) is a novel pituitary hormone recently characterized in several fish species. Structural analyses have shown that SL belongs to the growth hormone/prolactin family, and that it is a highly conserved protein. SL is synthesized by the periodic acid/Schiff-positive cells in the pars intermedia, but has an as yet unidentified function(s). We have recently developed a homologous radioimmunoassay for coho salmon SL and measured plasma levels of SL during two stages of the coho salmon life cycle, smoltification and sexual maturation. During smoltification, plasma levels of SL changed almost in parallel with plasma levels of thyroxine; levels increased as morphological indices of smoltification appeared and decreased as smoltification was completed. Following this period, SL levels remained low until the spring prior to spawning. In a separate study, plasma levels of SL were measured in sexually maturing coho salmon that remained in fresh water throughout their life cycle. During the year of sexual maturation, plasma levels of SL gradually increased from the spring onward, reaching peak levels at the time of spawning in November and December. These data are similar to those previously reported for sexually maturing coho salmon that were maintained in seawater prior to spawning (Rand-Weaver et al. 1992). Therefore, increases in plasma SL levels occurred in sexually maturing fish irrespective of whether they were maintained in fresh water or seawater. Peak levels at spawning were higher than those observed during smoltification. Possible roles for SL in metabolism and reproduction are discussed.
C1 NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
RP RANDWEAVER, M (reprint author), BRUNEL UNIV,DEPT BIOL & BIOCHEM,UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH,MIDDX,ENGLAND.
NR 34
TC 54
Z9 54
U1 1
U2 4
PU KUGLER PUBLICATIONS BV
PI LELYSTAD
PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-1742
J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM
JI Fish Physiol. Biochem.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 1-6
BP 175
EP 182
DI 10.1007/BF00004564
PG 8
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology
GA LR166
UT WOS:A1993LR16600021
PM 24202474
ER

PT J
AU NAITO, N
   SUZUKI, K
   NOZAKI, M
   SWANSON, P
   KAWAUCHI, H
   NAKAI, Y
AF NAITO, N
   SUZUKI, K
   NOZAKI, M
   SWANSON, P
   KAWAUCHI, H
   NAKAI, Y
TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 2 DISTINCT GONADOTROPES (GTH I-CELLS
   AND GTH II-CELLS) IN THE PITUITARY OF RAINBOW-TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS
SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMP OF FISH ENDOCRINOLOGY
CY JUN 01-04, 1992
CL SAINT MALO, FRANCE
SP INRA, EUROPEAN ECON COMMUNITIES, REG COUNCIL BRETAGNE BRITTA PROGRAM, INST FRANCAIS RECH EXPLOITAT MER, FRENCH AGCY RES, FRANCE AQUACULTURE, EUROGENETEC
DE GONADOTROPINS; GONADOTROPIN SUBUNITS; GONADOTROPES; LYSOSOME;
   IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS
ID SALMON GONADOTROPINS; GLAND
AB The salmonid pituitary produces two chemically distinct gonadotropins (GTHI and GTHII). Ultrastructural characteristics of GTHI- and GTHII-producing cells were studied in the trout pituitary with electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry using antisera against salmon GTHIbeta- and IIbeta-subunits. In pituitaries from vitellogenic fish, GTHI-cells were characterized by numerous dilated cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) and a small number of Ibeta-positive granules (diameter, 100-300 nm), whereas GTHIIbeta-immunoreactivity was found on granules (diameter, 200-400 nm) and large globules (diameter, 500-4000 nm) in apparently different cells (GTHII-cells). Distinct cellular distributions of GTHI and GTHII were maintained during gametogenesis, although morphological characteristics of GTHI- and GTHII-cells over-lapped each other due to changes in number and size of the granules, globules and cisternae of the GER. Interestingly, the globules in the GTHI-cells were immunonegative for GTHIbeta, although in the GTHII-cells they were always stained with GTHIIbeta-antiserum. These results confirm that GTHIbeta and GTHIIbeta are synthesized in distinctly different cell-types in the salmonid pituitary and indicate that morphological characteristics cannot be used to distinguish these two cell-types.
C1 KITASATO UNIV,SCH FISHERIES SCI,SANRIKU,IWATE 02201,JAPAN.
   KYOTO UNIV,PRIMATE RES INST,INUYAMA,AICHI 484,JAPAN.
   NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
RP NAITO, N (reprint author), SHOWA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT,HATANODAI 1-5-8,SHINAGAWA KU,TOKYO 142,JAPAN.
NR 12
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU KUGLER PUBLICATIONS BV
PI LELYSTAD
PA PLATINASTRAAT 33, 8211 AR LELYSTAD, NETHERLANDS
SN 0920-1742
J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM
JI Fish Physiol. Biochem.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 1-6
BP 241
EP 246
DI 10.1007/BF00004571
PG 6
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology
GA LR166
UT WOS:A1993LR16600028
PM 24202481
ER

PT J
AU BUSBY, MS
   AMBROSE, DA
AF BUSBY, MS
   AMBROSE, DA
TI DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL AND EARLY JUVENILE PYGMY POACHER,
   ODONTOPYXIS-TRISPINOSA, AND BLACKTIP POACHER, XENERETMUS-LATIFRONS
   (SCORPAENIFORMES, AGONIDAE)
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
AB Developmental stages of pygmy poacher, Odontopyxis trispinosa, and blacktip poacher, Xeneretmus latifrons, are described and illustrated from specimens collected from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. External morphology, pigmentation, and meristic features are described which distinguish larvae of these species from other agonids occurring in these waters.
   Postanal pigment patterns, particularly on the caudal finfold, distinguish preflexion larvae. Odontopyxis trispinosa larvae possess a semicircular patch of melanophores that covers nearly the entire caudal finfold. The caudal finfold of preflexion X. latifrons larvae are void of pigment with the exception of a small patch of melanophores near the ventral margin of the notochord tip. Flexion and postflexion larvae can be distinguished by caudal and anal fin pigmentation, head spination, and adult meristic features.
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038.
RP BUSBY, MS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 397
EP 413
PG 17
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900001
ER

PT J
AU DEMARTINI, EE
AF DEMARTINI, EE
TI MODELING THE POTENTIAL OF FISHERY RESERVES FOR MANAGING PACIFIC
   CORAL-REEF FISHES
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE RESERVE; CONSERVATION; ASSEMBLAGE; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION;
   ABUNDANCE; ISLAND; DESIGN; COAST
AB The potential use of marine fishery reserves (MFRs) for managing fisheries on tropical Pacific coral reefs was assessed with an extension of the Beverton-Holt model. The effects of year-round fishery closures on harvests in adjacent, exploited areas were evaluated. Potential changes in spawning stock biomass per recruit (SSB/R) and yield per recruit (Y/R), when varying fractions of exploitable reef area were closed to fishing, were estimated from published data, approximated natural and fishing mortality rates, size- and maturity-at-age distributions, and ''transfer'' (emigration and immigration) rates. For select cases, fundamental transfer rates were adjusted for possible density-dependent emigration from closed areas as relative densities decreased in surrounding non-closed areas because of continued fishing. Three hypothetical ''fish types'' were constructed, bracketing the likely extremes in fundamental transfer rates and related life-history parameters of Pacific coral reef fishes: a small-bodied, fast-growing and short-lived, strongly philopatric species of damselfish was contrasted with a large-bodied, relatively slow-growing, long-lived, vagile species of jack. A ''surgeonfish'' type was used to represent intermediate parameter values.
   Simulations corroborate previous observations that MFRs contribute little, if anything, towards increasing Y/R. Results for the highly vagile jack confirm that rapid transfer rates will negate potential gains in SSB/R resulting from closures. At the opposite extreme, small reef philopatriots like damselfishes would almost never be harvested, because of negligible transfer rates, unless the MFR was periodically opened to fishing. The simulations suggest that the SSB/R of the surgeonfish type is the most likely to benefit from MFRs, because moderate vagility allows biomass to accumulate within the closure despite harvesting in the non-closed area. Results further suggest that growth rate, fishing effort in the non-closed (open) area, natural mortality, and maturity and harvesting schedules importantly influence the potential of MFRs to augment SSB when transfer rates are low to moderate.
RP DEMARTINI, EE (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA.
NR 47
TC 178
Z9 180
U1 2
U2 27
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 414
EP 427
PG 14
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900002
ER

PT J
AU EDWARDS, EF
AF EDWARDS, EF
TI ALLOMETRY OF ENERGETICS PARAMETERS IN SPOTTED DOLPHIN
   (STENELLA-ATTENUATA) FROM THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID CETACEAN; PORPOISE; GROWTH
AB Interest in estimating energy fluxes through populations of marine mammals has been increasing as these populations are more frequently recognized to compete with fishermen for commercially exploited fish stocks. Testing for the presence of allometric trends with size in the parameters used to estimate these energy fluxes is important because if such trends exist and are large, it will be inappropriate to apply measurements derived from one size of animal to animals of other sizes, in any given population. To test for (and to measure, if present) allometric effects in a population of small cetaceans, morphological measurements (energetics parameters) related to estimating energy flux were taken from 35 spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) ranging in size from 77 to 210 cm total length, captured incidental to fishing operations in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
   Significant allometric (nonlinear) changes with size were observed in 23 of the 25 parameters measured; no trends were isometric (linear). Most of the significant trends were expressed primarily during the first two or three years of life (5-30 kg wet weight). Thus, parameter estimates for small dolphins (less than about 30 kg wet weight) should be derived from measurements on animals near the specific size of interest. Estimates for larger animals, with the exception of several surface area measurements, could be estimated reasonably well from any specimens greater than about 30 kg wet.
   Although the energy fluxes and standing stock of energy represented by animals younger than 2-3 years are relatively small compared with the total population, constraints resulting from the energy characteristics of the smaller animals may exert significant control over population energy flux, implying that the rapid changes in energetics parameters of the younger animals should not be ignored.
RP EDWARDS, EF (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA.
NR 27
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 428
EP 439
PG 12
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900003
ER

PT J
AU HUMPHREYS, RL
   CROSSLER, MA
   ROWLAND, CM
AF HUMPHREYS, RL
   CROSSLER, MA
   ROWLAND, CM
TI USE OF A MONOGENEAN GILL PARASITE AND FEASIBILITY OF CONDITION INDEXES
   FOR IDENTIFYING NEW RECRUITS TO A SEAMOUNT POPULATION OF ARMORHEAD
   PSEUDOPENTACEROS-WHEELERI (PENTACEROTIDAE)
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN
AB Recruitment of individuals from the epipelagic phase to the demersal armorhead Pseudopentaceros wheeleri population at Southeast (SE) Hancock Seamount has typically been recognized by the influx of fish with a high fatness index (FI; body depth relative to fork length). Reliance on this index was dictated by the peculiarity of the sea-mount life history stage in which armorhead cease somatic growth soon after recruitment to the seamount and FI declines during seamount residence until death. Limited sampling opportunities and variability in FI at the time of recruitment preclude the exclusive use of FI as a means of identifying newly arrived recruits among recruits-of-the-year and hence the timing of annual recruitment. Settlement and recruitment to the seamount population are synonymous. Efforts to develop a method of identifying new recruits were initiated by an examination of epipelagic and seamount (SE Hancock) armorhead for differences in macroparasites as well as hepatosomatic and visceral fat-somatic indices. Of the two condition indices, the hepatosomatic index held the most potential but was considered too labile because pre-recruits probably experience decreases that vary according to energetic demands during seamount migration. The monogenean gill parasite Microcotyle macropharynx was highly prevalent among seamount individuals in all sampling periods but absent from epipelagics. Based on probable rapid infection and maturation, identification of new recruits was based on the absence of mature M. macrophaynx. Results indicate that significant new recruitment occurred only during the late spring to midsummer sampling periods, and the mean FI of new seamount recruits was lower than that of comparable size epipelagics.
RP HUMPHREYS, RL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA.
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 5
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 455
EP 463
PG 9
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900005
ER

PT J
AU KANE, J
AF KANE, J
TI VARIABILITY OF ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS AND DOMINANT SPECIES ABUNDANCE ON
   GEORGES BANK, 1977-1986
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FLORIDA; WESTERN
AB Annual and seasonal variability of Georges Bank zooplankton biomass and dominant species abundance are described and related to variations in mean surface temperature and average depth distribution. Data were obtained from plankton samples collected bimonthly with a 0.333-mm mesh net throughout a ten-year period: 1977-86. Biomass was measured by displacement volume and the dominant species analyzed were the copepods Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus minutus, Centropages typicus, Centropages hamatus, and Metridia lucens.
   Biomass levels were high in 1977 through 1979, low in 1982 through 1984. Biomass and copepod abundance in the spring of 1977 were extraordinary. Measurements over the entire bank were two to three times above a ten-year median. Unlike the first five years of monitoring, the average seasonal biomass cycle was not coherent from 1982 through 1986. Departures from the average seasonal cycle occurred several times during the second half of the time series,
   Calanus finmarchicus and Pseudocalanus minutus abundance trends were nearly identical, suggesting that their populations may be affected by similar factors. Centropages hamatus abundance in the central shoal depth zone (<61 m) was related to surface temperature variability and its spring abundance estimates were indirectly proportional to the abundance of other dominant copepods. Centropages typicus counts in autumn 1985 were nearly double all other years, and Metridia lucens abundance surged in late spring 1979 but was low from 1983 through 1986.
RP KANE, J (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,28 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA.
NR 24
TC 24
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 2
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 464
EP 474
PG 11
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900006
ER

PT J
AU TERCEIRO, M
   ROSS, JL
AF TERCEIRO, M
   ROSS, JL
TI A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF AGE FROM
   LENGTH DATA FOR ATLANTIC COAST BLUEFISH (POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX)
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID FREQUENCY DATA; EM ALGORITHM; GROWTH; LIKELIHOOD; MIXTURES; KEY
AB Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) are found along the US Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida, and are the object of a major recreational fishery as they migrate northward from the South Atlantic Bight in the spring and return southward in the late fall. Acceptance of analytic assessment results for bluefish has been hindered by the lack of a consistent time series of geographically comprehensive age-length keys for converting bluefish lengths to age. We used bluefish length-age data from North Carolina commercial fisheries during 1986 to 1989 to compare the utility of two simple methods for estimating age from length-frequency data with two more rigorous statistical methods. The simple methods were cohort slicing using von Bertalanffy growth parameters for bluefish and the application of a pooled age-length key compiled with data from different times and fishing areas. The two statistical approaches were the iterated age-length key method and MULTIFAN. Combined 1986-1989 proportions at age estimated by cohort slicing, pooled age-length key, and iterated age-length key methods were significantly different from those in the test data, based on a quantitative comparison using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov cumulative distribution test. Proportions at age estimated by MUTLTIFAN were not significantly different from the test data. Our work suggests that MULTIFAN is the best alternative to a time series of fishery-specific age-length keys for the estimation of Atlantic coast bluefish ages from length data.
C1 N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,DIV MARINE FISHERIES,MOREHEAD CITY,NC 28557.
RP TERCEIRO, M (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA.
NR 23
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 6
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 534
EP 549
PG 16
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900011
ER

PT J
AU HAYES, DB
AF HAYES, DB
TI A STATISTICAL-METHOD FOR EVALUATING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AGE-LENGTH KEYS
   WITH APPLICATION TO GEORGES BANK HADDOCK, MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Note
ID BINOMIAL PROPORTIONS; CONTINGENCY-TABLES; ALGORITHM; EQUALITY
RP HAYES, DB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE LAB,166 WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA.
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 550
EP 557
PG 8
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900012
ER

PT J
AU PEARSON, DE
   DOUGLAS, DA
   BARSS, B
AF PEARSON, DE
   DOUGLAS, DA
   BARSS, B
TI BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FROM THE COBB SEAMOUNT ROCKFISH FISHERY
SO FISHERY BULLETIN
LA English
DT Note
C1 OREGON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,MARINE FIELD STN,ASTORIA,OR 97103.
   OREGON DEPT FISH & WILDLIFE,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
RP PEARSON, DE (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA.
NR 10
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE
PI SEATTLE
PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115
SN 0090-0656
J9 FISH B-NOAA
JI Fish. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 3
BP 573
EP 576
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MD449
UT WOS:A1993MD44900015
ER

PT J
AU PLANAS, JV
   SWANSON, P
   DICKHOFF, WW
AF PLANAS, JV
   SWANSON, P
   DICKHOFF, WW
TI REGULATION OF TESTICULAR-STEROID PRODUCTION IN-VITRO BY GONADOTROPINS
   (GTH-I AND GTH-II) AND CYCLIC-AMP IN COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH)
SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; RAINBOW-TROUT; GROWTH-HORMONE;
   ADENOSINE-MONOPHOSPHATE; PITUITARY GONADOTROPHS; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON;
   ANDROGEN PRODUCTION; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; SEX STEROIDS; GOLDFISH
C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112.
RP PLANAS, JV (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES HF-15,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
NR 41
TC 47
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0016-6480
J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR
JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 1
BP 8
EP 24
DI 10.1006/gcen.1993.1099
PG 17
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA LM650
UT WOS:A1993LM65000002
PM 8405894
ER

PT J
AU SLABACK, LA
AF SLABACK, LA
TI WHO IS A RADIATION WORKER
SO HEALTH PHYSICS
LA English
DT Letter
RP SLABACK, LA (reprint author), NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0017-9078
EI 1538-5159
J9 HEALTH PHYS
JI Health Phys.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 65
IS 1
BP 104
EP 105
PG 2
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical
   Imaging
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA LH144
UT WOS:A1993LH14400016
PM 8505223
ER

PT J
AU BANJANIN, Z
   ZRNIC, DS
   CRUZ, JR
AF BANJANIN, Z
   ZRNIC, DS
   CRUZ, JR
TI A LINEAR PREDICTION-APPROACH TO DOPPLER MEAN FREQUENCY RETRIEVAL IN THE
   PRESENCE OF GROUND CLUTTER
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Letter
ID SIGNALS; ECHOES
AB Linear-prediction-based methods are applied to mean Doppler frequency estimation of weather radar signals in the presence of ground clutter when only a small number of samples is available for processing. We show the ability of these methods to resolve weather signals from ground clutter in unfavorable conditions, i.e., when the clutter is stronger and its spectrum is narrower than that of the signal. Given a priori information about the ground clutter, Prony's method can be applied and simplified to derive a convenient formula for mean Doppler frequency estimation. This estimator may be considered as a generalization of the pulse-pair (PP) estimator and it can give satisfactory results in resolving weather signals from ground clutter for signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) above 20 dB. The eigende composition-based minimum (MN) method is applied to lower the SNR threshold to 10 dB. The performance of these estimators is compared with the signal-only lower bound and with a processor consisting of various ground clutter filters and the PP estimator.
C1 NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NORMAN,OK 73069.
   UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI,COMMUN & SIGNAL PROC LAB,NORMAN,OK 73019.
RP BANJANIN, Z (reprint author), SIEMENS MED SYST INC,ULTRA SOUND GRP,5150 220TH AVE SE,ISSAQUAH,WA 98027, USA.
NR 22
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9251
J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS
JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 3
BP 1050
EP 1058
DI 10.1109/7.220954
PG 9
WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic;
   Telecommunications
SC Engineering; Telecommunications
GA LM176
UT WOS:A1993LM17600043
ER

PT J
AU LAI, JS
   MARTZLOFF, FD
AF LAI, JS
   MARTZLOFF, FD
TI COORDINATING CASCADED SURGE PROTECTION DEVICES - HIGH-LOW VERSUS
   LOW-HIGH
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 1991 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE INDUSTRY-APPLICATIONS-SOC OF IEEE
CY SEP 28-OCT 04, 1991
CL DEARBORN, MI
SP IEEE, IND APPLICAT SOC
AB Cascading surge protection devices located at the service entrance of a building and near the sensitive equipment is intended to ensure that each device shares the surge stress in an optimum manner to achieve reliable protection of equipment against surges impinging from the utility supply. However, depending on the relative clamping voltages of the two devices, their separation distance, and the waveform of the impinging surges, the coordination may or may not be effective. The paper provides computations with experimental verification of the energy deposited in the devices for a matrix of combinations of these three parameters. Results show coordination to be effective for some combinations and ineffective for some others, which is a finding that should reconcile contradictory conclusions reported by different authors making different assumptions. From these results, improved coordination can be developed by application standards writers and system designers.
C1 ELECTR POWER RES INST,CTR POWER ELECTR APPLICAT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
OI Lai, Jihsheng/0000-0003-2315-8460
NR 11
TC 7
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0093-9994
J9 IEEE T IND APPL
JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 4
BP 680
EP 687
DI 10.1109/28.231979
PG 8
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA LW977
UT WOS:A1993LW97700001
ER

PT J
AU HARMAN, DK
AF HARMAN, DK
TI THE 1ST TEXT RETRIEVAL CONFERENCE (TREC-1) ROCKVILLE, MD, USA, 4-6
   NOVEMBER, 1992
SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP HARMAN, DK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 225,ROOM A216,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 21
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0306-4573
J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG
JI Inf. Process. Manage.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 4
BP 411
EP 414
DI 10.1016/0306-4573(93)90037-E
PG 4
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library
   Science
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science
GA LN321
UT WOS:A1993LN32100001
ER

PT J
AU WEBER, SF
   DAVIS, B
AF WEBER, SF
   DAVIS, B
TI A MODIFIED ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING
   DECISIONS
SO INTERFACES
LA English
DT Article
AB Decisions on adopting new manufacturing technologies are often biased because they are based only on those impacts that can be expressed in financial terms. Multi-criteria decision tools that include nonfinancial impacts avoid this bias. One such tool, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), has been modified for the manufacturing environment and incorporated into AutoMan, decision support software for microcomputers. The modified AHP is used here to decide on the best way to automate a machine shop. The four steps are: (1) specify criteria and alternatives; (2) weight criteria using pairwise comparison judgments; (3) rate alternatives with respect to criteria; and (4) compute the overall weighted score for each alternative. This approach preserves existing reliable financial information and integrates it with both nonfinancial quantitative performance data and qualitative informed judgments. Judgments are made explicit and checked for consistency. Over 800 industrial managers have purchased AutoMan to improve their automation decisions.
C1 TRACOR INC,AUSTIN OPERAT,IND OPERAT,AUSTIN,TX 78721.
RP WEBER, SF (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF APPL ECON,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 27
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 2
PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH  MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
PI LINTHICUM HTS
PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909
SN 0092-2102
J9 INTERFACES
JI Interfaces
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 23
IS 4
BP 75
EP 84
DI 10.1287/inte.23.4.75
PG 10
WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science
SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science
GA LT655
UT WOS:A1993LT65500008
ER

PT J
AU SENGERS, JV
   WAKEHAM, WA
AF SENGERS, JV
   WAKEHAM, WA
TI A TRIBUTE TO KESTIN,JOSEPH (1913-1993)
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Item About an Individual
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN & CHEM TECHNOL,LONDON SW7 2BY,ENGLAND.
RP SENGERS, JV (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 14
IS 4
BP 613
EP 618
DI 10.1007/BF00502097
PG 6
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA LW388
UT WOS:A1993LW38800001
ER

PT J
AU SENGERS, JMHL
   DEITERS, UK
   KLASK, U
   SWIDERSKY, P
   SCHNEIDER, GM
AF SENGERS, JMHL
   DEITERS, UK
   KLASK, U
   SWIDERSKY, P
   SCHNEIDER, GM
TI APPLICATION OF THE TAYLOR DISPERSION METHOD IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE BENZENE; CARBON DIOXIDE; CRITICAL BEHAVIOR; DATA COMPARISON; DIFFUSION
   COEFFICIENT; DIFFUSIVITY; PEAK SHAPE; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; TAYLOR
   DISPERSION; TOLUENE; TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS
ID BINARY DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CHROMATOGRAPHY SFC;
   TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CRITICAL-POINT; CO2; BEHAVIOR;
   MIXTURES; BENZENE
AB This paper describes some of the experimental and theoretical problems encountered when the Taylor dispersion method is applied to the measurement of diffusion coefficients near gas-liquid critical points. We have used our own measurements of diffusion of benzene and toluene in supercritical carbon dioxide, along with measurements from several other sources, to illustrate some of the experimental challenges. Special attention is given to the peak shape. The intercomparisons are greatly simplified by comparing the experimental data as functions of density, rather than pressure. We find large and unexplained discrepancies between the various experimental sources. We discuss the theoretical predictions for the relationships between the diffusion coefficients and diffusivities obtained from Taylor dispersion and dynamic light scattering in fluids near critical points. We conclude that there is no strong reason to press for Taylor dispersion measurements near the gas-liquid critical point of the carrier gas.
C1 RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,LEHRSTUHL PHYS CHEM 2,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY.
RP SENGERS, JMHL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Deiters, Ulrich/A-8691-2012
OI Deiters, Ulrich/0000-0001-7669-5847
NR 46
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 6
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 14
IS 4
BP 893
EP 922
PG 30
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA LW388
UT WOS:A1993LW38800018
ER

PT J
AU KRAUSS, R
   LUETTMERSTRATHMANN, J
   SENGERS, JV
   STEPHAN, K
AF KRAUSS, R
   LUETTMERSTRATHMANN, J
   SENGERS, JV
   STEPHAN, K
TI TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES OF 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R134A)
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE; CORRELATION; CRITICAL REGION; EQUATION OF
   STATE; HFC-134A; R134A; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;
   VISCOSITY
ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CRITICAL REGION; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;
   VAPOR-PRESSURES; HEAT-CAPACITY; FLUIDS; REFRIGERANTS; VISCOSITY;
   HFC-134A; BEHAVIOR
AB New equations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of R134a that are valid in a wide range of pressures and temperatures are presented. They were obtained through a theoretically based, critical evaluation of the available experimental data, which showed considerable inconsistencies between data sets, in particular in the vapor phase. In the critical region the observed enhancement in the thermal conductivity is well represented by a crossover model for the transport properties of fluids. Since thermodynamic properties enter into the calculation of the critical enhancement of the transport properties, a new fundamental equation for the critical region was developed also.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP KRAUSS, R (reprint author), UNIV STUTTGART,INST TECH THERMODYNAM & THERM VERFAHRENSTECH,PFAFFENWALDRING 9,W-7000 STUTTGART 80,GERMANY.
NR 58
TC 66
Z9 66
U1 1
U2 3
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0195-928X
J9 INT J THERMOPHYS
JI Int. J. Thermophys.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 14
IS 4
BP 951
EP 988
DI 10.1007/BF00502117
PG 38
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics
GA LW388
UT WOS:A1993LW38800021
ER

PT J
AU GARRATT, JR
   HICKS, BB
   VALIGURA, RA
AF GARRATT, JR
   HICKS, BB
   VALIGURA, RA
TI THE ROUGHNESS LENGTH FOR HEAT AND OTHER VEGETATION PARAMETERS FOR A
   SURFACE OF SHORT GRASS - COMMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Note
C1 CSIRO,DIV ATMOSPHER RES,ASPENDALE,VIC,AUSTRALIA.
   NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
NR 11
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 7
BP 1301
EP 1303
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1301:CORLFH>2.0.CO;2
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK856
UT WOS:A1993LK85600013
ER

PT J
AU STUTZIN, GC
   OSTROM, RM
   GALLAGHER, A
   TANENBAUM, DM
AF STUTZIN, GC
   OSTROM, RM
   GALLAGHER, A
   TANENBAUM, DM
TI NANOSCALE STUDY OF THE AS-GROWN HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON SURFACE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCANNING-TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SI-H; FILM GROWTH; PLASMA; DISCHARGE;
   DEPOSITION; SILANE; MICROSTRUCTURE; KINETICS; RADICALS
AB A scanning tunneling microscope has been used to study the topography of the as-grown surface of device-quality, intrinsic, hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited by rf discharge from silane. The substrates were atomically flat, oxide-free, single-crystal silicon or gallium arsenide. No evidence for island formation or nanoscale irregularities was seen in studies of 100-angstrom-thick films on either silicon or gallium arsenide. The topography of 1000- and 4000-angstrom-thick films has much variation; many regions can be characterized as ''rolling hills,'' but atomically flat areas have also been observed nearby. Generally, it appears that surface diffusion plays a role in smoothing the film topography. In most regions, the observed slopes were 10% or less from horizontal, but some steep-sided valleys, indicating incipient voids, were observed. The effect of the finite size of the scanning tunneling microscope probe tip is considered, this has an effect on the observed images in some cases.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401.
NR 36
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 1
BP 91
EP 100
DI 10.1063/1.355203
PG 10
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LK469
UT WOS:A1993LK46900015
ER

PT J
AU MORRISON, G
AF MORRISON, G
TI DETERMINING DEGREES OF FREEDOM
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
LA English
DT Letter
RP MORRISON, G (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0021-9584
J9 J CHEM EDUC
JI J. Chem. Educ.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 70
IS 7
BP 606
EP 606
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines
SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research
GA LN607
UT WOS:A1993LN60700042
ER

PT J
AU SCHMIDT, JW
   MOLDOVER, MR
AF SCHMIDT, JW
   MOLDOVER, MR
TI STRUCTURE OF THE VAPOR-LIQUID INTERFACE NEAR THE CRITICAL-POINT
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CAPILLARY WAVES; FLUID INTERFACES; SURFACE-TENSION; MIXTURES
AB We measured the thicknesses of the vapor-liquid interfaces near the critical points of carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and trifluoromethane (CHF3) using ellipsometry. The data (when scaled by the refractive index difference DELTAn and the correlation length xi) are in agreement with other ellipticity data for binary and pseudobinary mixtures at low pressures. Fully constrained theories of the interface correctly predict the temperature dependence and scaling of the thickness but systematically overestimate the thickness itself by 15%-20%. The theory can be brought into agreement with experiment when an intrinsic interfacial stiffness is added to the theory. A novel feature of the present measurements is that the effects from pressure-induced window strain were measured and mitigated by using a cylindrically-symmetric pressure cell with floating seals.
RP SCHMIDT, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013
NR 38
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 99
IS 1
BP 582
EP 589
DI 10.1063/1.465784
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LJ308
UT WOS:A1993LJ30800062
ER

PT J
AU KISHORE, N
   GOLDBERG, RN
   TEWARI, YB
AF KISHORE, N
   GOLDBERG, RN
   TEWARI, YB
TI APPARENT MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITIES AND APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES OF AQUEOUS
   GLUCOSE AT TEMPERATURES FROM 298.15-K TO 327.01-K
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOW MICROCALORIMETRY; WATER; COMPRESSIBILITIES; COEFFICIENTS;
   MALTOTRIOSE; SACCHARIDES; ENTHALPIES; MALTOSE; SOLUTES
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 29
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 5
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 7
BP 847
EP 859
DI 10.1006/jcht.1993.1082
PG 13
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA LK401
UT WOS:A1993LK40100006
ER

PT J
AU OHARE, PAG
   HOPE, GA
   BECK, CM
AF OHARE, PAG
   HOPE, GA
   BECK, CM
TI A NEW VALUE FOR THE STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPY OF FORMATION
   DELTA(F)HM(DEGREES) OF SILICON SESQUITELLURIDE SI2TE3 AT THE TEMPERATURE
   298.15-K BY COMBUSTION CALORIMETRY IN FLUORINE, AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THE
   RESULTS OF PREVIOUS STUDIES THAT LEAD TO DELTA(F)HM(DEGREES)(SI2TE3)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VISCOSITY
C1 GRIFFITH UNIV,NATHAN,QLD 4111,AUSTRALIA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP OHARE, PAG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Hope, Gregory/A-7556-2008
OI Hope, Gregory/0000-0003-2694-3456
NR 36
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 9
PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX
SN 0021-9614
J9 J CHEM THERMODYN
JI J. Chem. Thermodyn.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 7
BP 919
EP 928
DI 10.1006/jcht.1993.1089
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA LK401
UT WOS:A1993LK40100013
ER

PT J
AU WU, XQ
   BATES, JJ
   KHALSA, SJS
AF WU, XQ
   BATES, JJ
   KHALSA, SJS
TI A CLIMATOLOGY OF THE WATER-VAPOR BAND BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES FROM NOAA
   OPERATIONAL SATELLITES
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITABLE WATER; SPLIT WINDOW; SURFACE; OCEAN; RADIANCES; RETRIEVAL;
   ALGORITHM
AB Measurements of brightness temperature from the water vapor band channels of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar satellites from 1981 through 1988 are analyzed. Only clear and cloud-cleared measurements from the operational sounding product are used to produce averages for bins of 2.5-degrees latitude by 2.5-degrees longitude and 5 days. The standard deviations of random errors for these bins are estimated. A unique feature of this dataset is its ability to identify the dry regions in the middle and upper troposphere with unprecedented detail. Results agree with the known climatology in the tropics.
C1 NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP WU, XQ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CB 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; KHalsa, Siri
   Jodha/A-9338-2009
OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650;
   KHalsa, Siri Jodha/0000-0001-9217-5550
NR 41
TC 63
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 7
BP 1282
EP 1300
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1282:ACOTWV>2.0.CO;2
PG 19
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP859
UT WOS:A1993LP85900004
ER

PT J
AU KARL, TR
   GROISMAN, PY
   KNIGHT, RW
   HEIM, RR
AF KARL, TR
   GROISMAN, PY
   KNIGHT, RW
   HEIM, RR
TI RECENT VARIATIONS OF SNOW COVER AND SNOWFALL IN NORTH-AMERICA AND THEIR
   RELATION TO PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES; FLUCTUATIONS; ICE
AB Contemporary large-scale changes in solid and total precipitation and satellite-derived snow cover were examined over the North American continent. Annual snow cover extent over the last 19 years decreased up to 6 x 10(5) km2 relative to a 0.93-degrees-C (0.33-degrees-C) increase in North American (Northern Hemisphere) temperature.
   A strong correlation exists between snow cover and temperature where up to 78% of the variance in regional snow cover and snowfall is explained by the anomalies of monthly mean maximum temperature. Over the last two decades the decrease in snow cover during winter (December-March) has largely occurred through reduced frequency of snow cover in areas that typically have a high probability of snow on the ground with little change in the frequency of snow cover in other areas. Similar characteristics were observed during spring (April-May) in areas with high snow cover probability except for an expansion of the snow-free regions. Anomalies in these two seasons dominate the interannual variability (nearly three-fourths of the variance) of snow cover.
   The apparent unprecedented global warmth of the 1980s was accompanied by a retreat of the mean annual North American snow cover, a 10% increase in annual Alaskan precipitation, a significant decrease (-7%) in annual snowfall over southern Canada (while the total precipitation remained above normal), and a more than twofold increase in the variance of the ratio of frozen to total precipitation over the contiguous United States. An increase (4%-5% per decade) of both solid and total precipitation over northern Canada (zone 55-degrees-70-degrees-N) occurred during the last four decades. A century-scale increase (1% per decade) of precipitation was found over southern Canada, but the proportion of the precipitation that falls in frozen form over this area decreased over the last four decades. Precipitation over the contiguous United States has significantly (2%-3% per decade) increased during the last four decades, but on a century time scale the increasing trend is not yet statistically significant.
C1 ST PETERSBURG STATE HYDROL INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA.
RP KARL, TR (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB,FED BLDG,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA.
NR 48
TC 169
Z9 173
U1 3
U2 18
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 7
BP 1327
EP 1344
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1327:RVOSCA>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP859
UT WOS:A1993LP85900006
ER

PT J
AU MO, KC
AF MO, KC
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER 1990 - ENSO-LIKE WARMING IN THE
   WESTERN PACIFIC AND STRONG OZONE DEPLETION OVER ANTARCTICA
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE
RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA.
NR 10
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 7
BP 1375
EP 1391
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1375:TGCOSN>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP859
UT WOS:A1993LP85900010
ER

PT J
AU CHELLIAH, M
AF CHELLIAH, M
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE FOR DECEMBER 1990 FEBRUARY 1991 - STRONG TEMPERATURE
   AND PRECIPITATION CONTRASTS OVER NORTH-AMERICA AND EURASIA - MIXED ENSO
   CONDITIONS IN THE TROPICS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID PACIFIC
C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD.
RP CHELLIAH, M (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC52,5200 AUTH RD,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20233, USA.
NR 12
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 7
BP 1392
EP 1412
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1392:TGCFDS>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP859
UT WOS:A1993LP85900011
ER

PT J
AU BELL, GD
   HALPERT, MS
AF BELL, GD
   HALPERT, MS
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF MARCH MAY 1991 - ANOMALOUS LOW-FREQUENCY
   FLUCTUATIONS DOMINATE THE MIDLATITUDES - ENSO BECOMES ESTABLISHED IN THE
   TROPICS
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
C1 NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20230.
NR 6
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 7
BP 1413
EP 1433
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP859
UT WOS:A1993LP85900012
ER

PT J
AU HALPERT, MS
   BELL, GD
AF HALPERT, MS
   BELL, GD
TI THE GLOBAL CLIMATE OF JUNE AUGUST 1991 - TROPICAL PACIFIC WARM EPISODE
   CONDITIONS EVOLVE - NEW BASE PERIOD MEANS ESTABLISHED
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PATTERNS
C1 NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20230.
NR 9
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 7
BP 1434
EP 1456
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1434:TGCOJT>2.0.CO;2
PG 23
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LP859
UT WOS:A1993LP85900013
ER

PT J
AU STEINER, B
   COMAS, J
   TSENG, W
   LAOR, U
   DOBBYN, RC
   RAJAN, K
AF STEINER, B
   COMAS, J
   TSENG, W
   LAOR, U
   DOBBYN, RC
   RAJAN, K
TI DEFECTS IN III-V MATERIALS AND THE ACCOMMODATION OF STRAIN IN LAYERED
   SEMICONDUCTORS
SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
LA English
DT Article
DE DEFECTS IN SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS; MONOCHROMATIC SYNCHROTRON X-RAY
   TOPOGRAPHY
ID MONOCHROMATIC SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; DIFFRACTION IMAGING TOPOGRAPHY
AB High resolution monochromatic synchrotron-radiation diffraction images of five, high quality epitaxial heterojunctions on silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide substrates display several forms of accommodation to lattice mismatch. From the images, we deduce a coherent set of factors for the loss of crystalline order in layered semiconducting crystals. Lattice mismatch is demonstrated in each of the systems by warping after layer deposition. Nevertheless, local lattice orientation is maintained across each layer interface. In two of the systems, one severely mismatched while the other is not, no arrays of dislocations appear. Sets of mixed linear lattice mismatch dislocations, consistent with identification as 60-degrees dislocations, are found in two of the other systems with intermediate degrees of mismatch. A set of pure edge dislocations penetrating all layers is found in a system with a grid structure. These observations indicate that the formation of extensive arrays of dislocations during uniform one micrometer layer deposition depends not only on the extent of lattice mismatch and layer thickness but also on the degree of crystalline order of the substrate. Establishment of a nonpseudomorphic layer mismatched with the substrate by several tenths of a percent is an important factor, as previously determined. However, localized absence of crystalline order, e.g. in the form of scratches or dislocations in the substrate, appears also to be required for the formation of arrays of interface mismatch dislocations. Where these criteria are not fulfilled, the formation of dislocations in uniform layered systems is inhibited. Localized residual stress can initiate dislocation formation even where it would not appear in uniform layers. The images show also that crystalline disorder in state-of-the-art indium phosphide differs markedly from that in comparable gallium arsenide. Understanding of crystalline order in both monolithic materials is extended by this work.
C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12181.
   NUCL RES CTR,NEGEV,ISRAEL.
RP STEINER, B (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 15
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 4
PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC
PI WARRENDALE
PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086
SN 0361-5235
J9 J ELECTRON MATER
JI J. Electron. Mater.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 22
IS 7
BP 725
EP 738
DI 10.1007/BF02817347
PG 14
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LL381
UT WOS:A1993LL38100003
ER

PT J
AU STABENAU, EK
   HEMING, TA
AF STABENAU, EK
   HEMING, TA
TI DETERMINATION OF THE CONSTANTS OF THE HENDERSON-HASSELBALCH EQUATION,
   ALPHA-CO2 AND PKA, IN SEA-TURTLE PLASMA
SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Note
DE TURTLE; LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPI; PLASMA; ALPHA-CO2; PKA
ID BLOOD
C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT INTERNAL MED,GALVESTON,TX 77550.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,GALVESTON,TX 77550.
RP STABENAU, EK (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA.
NR 7
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 1
U2 2
PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD
PI CAMBRIDGE
PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS,
   ENGLAND CB4 4DL
SN 0022-0949
J9 J EXP BIOL
JI J. Exp. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 180
BP 311
EP 314
PG 4
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA LN966
UT WOS:A1993LN96600021
ER

PT J
AU OHLEMILLER, T
   CLEARY, T
   BROWN, J
   SHIELDS, J
AF OHLEMILLER, T
   CLEARY, T
   BROWN, J
   SHIELDS, J
TI ASSESSING THE FLAMMABILITY OF COMPOSITE-MATERIALS
SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
RP OHLEMILLER, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 4
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC
PI LANCASTER
PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604
SN 0734-9041
J9 J FIRE SCI
JI J. Fire Sci.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 308
EP 319
DI 10.1177/073490419301100403
PG 12
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA LE137
UT WOS:A1993LE13700003
ER

PT J
AU ROTH, M
   EVANS, DS
   LEMAIRE, J
AF ROTH, M
   EVANS, DS
   LEMAIRE, J
TI THEORETICAL STRUCTURE OF A MAGNETOSPHERIC PLASMA BOUNDARY - APPLICATION
   TO THE FORMATION OF DISCRETE AURORAL ARCS
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETOPAUSE STRUCTURE; INSTABILITY; LAYER; MODEL
AB In the framework of a kinetic theory for tangential discontinuities we modeled the electrical structure of the sheath that separates magnetospheric particle populations of different densities and temperatures.  The model can equally be applied to the plasma sheet boundary layer in tail or to the boundary of some plasma sheet cloud immersed in the central plasma sheet.  With plasma parameters typical of the Earth's outer magnetosphere and plasma sheet, we obtain results bearing many features pertinent to magnetospheric processes, specifically the origin of discrete auroral arcs.  Creation of a space-charge separation electrostatic potential in a direction normal to the magnetic field results from the contact of the two plasma populations.  When the large-scale solar wind potential difference is further imposed across the transition layer, the potential gradients are locally much enhanced, to give rise to large electric fields (several hundreds millivolts per meter) appearing over small distances perpendicular to the magnetic field - just the situation needed for the creation of an auroral arc.  The transition itself is characterized by two scale lengths of the plasma and fields variables: the average electron Larmor radius RHO(e) (or some multiple of RHO(e)) for thin embedded electron-dominated layers which generate the sharpest potential gradients, and the ion gyroradius rho(p) (or some multiple of rho(p)) for the broader ion-dominated layers located at the outer edges of the transition. The larger-scale sizes are appropriate to auroral arcs dimensions. The generated electric potential differences, consistent with the energy acquired by the precipitated electrons associated with discrete aurora, are identified with the source of the electromotive force (EMF) required for the auroral current circuit. Wave particle interactions are likely to scatter the electrons into the atmospheric loss cone, establishing the current system threading both the EMF and the ionosphere by means of field-aligned currents. The half lifetime of the transition is at least of the order of 1000 s. This is also the time interval during which dissipative processes will not alter significantly the available potential gradients of the initially unloaded EMF.
C1 NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP ROTH, M (reprint author), INST AERON SPATIALE BELGIQUE,AVE CIRCULAIRE 3,B-1180 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM.
NR 31
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 98
IS A7
BP 11411
EP 11423
DI 10.1029/93JA00156
PG 13
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LL822
UT WOS:A1993LL82200024
ER

PT J
AU READ, DT
   DALLY, JW
AF READ, DT
   DALLY, JW
TI A NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING THE STRENGTH AND DUCTILITY OF THIN-FILMS
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES
AB A new method of measuring the mechanical strength of thin films is described. We prepare miniature arrays of four tensile specimens, each 0.25 mm wide, 1 mm long, and 2.2 mum thick, using deposition, patterning, and etching processes common to the semiconductor industry. Each array of four specimens is carried on and protected by a rectangular silicon frame. Thirty-six such specimens are produced on a single wafer. After a specimen frame is mounted, its vertical sides are severed without damaging the specimens. The load is applied by micrometers through a special tension spring. Tensile properties of a 2.2 mum thick Ti-Al-Ti film were determined.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742.
RP READ, DT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 10
TC 74
Z9 75
U1 0
U2 10
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
PI PITTSBURGH
PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 7
BP 1542
EP 1549
DI 10.1557/JMR.1993.1542
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA LJ824
UT WOS:A1993LJ82400011
ER

PT J
AU JOHNSON, W
   MAUER, F
   PITCHURE, D
   NORTON, SJ
   GRINBERG, Y
   BENDEC, F
AF JOHNSON, W
   MAUER, F
   PITCHURE, D
   NORTON, SJ
   GRINBERG, Y
   BENDEC, F
TI TEMPERATURE AND ANNEALING DEPENDENCE OF THE LONGITUDINAL ULTRASONIC
   VELOCITY IN ALUMINUM-ALLOYS
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID PRECIPITATION; SI
AB The longitudinal ultrasonic velocities of four commercial aluminum alloys and Al(1.8 wt. % Si) were measured between room temperature and the solidus temperatures. In all of the samples, the velocity deviated significantly from a linear temperature dependence at the highest temperatures. In commercially pure (1100) aluminum, this effect is found to be consistent with reported low-frequency damping and elastic modulus changes that are associated with dislocations or grain boundaries. In the four heat-treatable alloys studied, an additional contribution to the nonlinear temperature dependence arises from the dissolution of precipitates at elevated temperatures. Irreversible velocity changes occur during the first heating, as a result of the recovery from work-hardening and heat treatments which were performed during the production of the material. Small hysteretic changes above approximately 250-degrees-C are correlated with the precipitation and dissolution of alloying elements. The activation energy for the hysteretic changes in Al(1.8% Si) is found to be 0.82 eV, which is consistent with precipitation limited by silicon diffusion along grain boundaries.
RP JOHNSON, W (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 43
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 3
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
PI PITTSBURGH
PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 7
BP 1558
EP 1566
DI 10.1557/JMR.1993.1558
PG 9
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA LJ824
UT WOS:A1993LJ82400013
ER

PT J
AU CHOI, CS
   PRASK, HJ
   OROSZ, J
   BAKER, EL
AF CHOI, CS
   PRASK, HJ
   OROSZ, J
   BAKER, EL
TI TEXTURE STUDY OF 2 MOLYBDENUM SHAPED CHARGE LINERS BY
   NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB The textures of two different conical shaped liners, fabricated by the same forging processes from arc-cast and powder-sintered ingots, were investigated by using neutron-diffraction measurements and three-dimensional orientation-distribution-function (ODF) analysis. The major textures of both liners could be described by the (111) [uvw] and (100) [uvw] type. The two liners had essentially identical texture at the 8 cm position (measured from the base of the cone) with strong sheet-type texture components, i.e. (111) [101BAR], (111) [110BAR] and (100) [011]. However, the dominant textures at the 3 cm positions were [111] and [100] fibre textures with the fibre axes oriented parallel to the normal direction in both liners. A strong cube texture was observed at the 3 cm position of the arc-cast liner but it was not observed for the powder-sintered liner. The arc-cast liner had a generally higher degree of texture than the powder-sintered liner.
C1 NIST,MSEL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CHOI, CS (reprint author), ARDEC,DIV ENERGET & WARHEADS,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA.
NR 12
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 28
IS 13
BP 3557
EP 3563
DI 10.1007/BF01159837
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA LM062
UT WOS:A1993LM06200023
ER

PT J
AU TUNG, MS
   OFARRELL, TJ
AF TUNG, MS
   OFARRELL, TJ
TI THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON THE SOLUBILITY OF DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE
   IN THE SYSTEM CA(OH)2-H3PO4-H2O AT 37-DEGREES-C
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER
AB Solubility values of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate were determined in 0, 7.86, 16.04, 24.53, and 33.38% by weight ethanol-water mixtures at 37-degrees-C. The decreased the solubility of DCPD, expressed as solubility product (K(sp)), from pK(sp)=6.69 at 0% ethanol to 8.91 at 33.38% ethanol, mainly due to the decrease in the dielectric constant. The data were fitted to the simple Born equation as follows: pK(sp) - 6.69 = 575.2(1/epsilon - 0.0135).
RP TUNG, MS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 16
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-7322
J9 J MOL LIQ
JI J. Mol. Liq.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 56
BP 237
EP 243
DI 10.1016/0167-7322(93)80030-Y
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LW564
UT WOS:A1993LW56400019
ER

PT J
AU LEHMANN, KK
   LOVAS, FJ
   SUENRAM, RD
AF LEHMANN, KK
   LOVAS, FJ
   SUENRAM, RD
TI STRUCTURE AND DIPOLE-MOMENT OF (CF3)3CCCH
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID MICROWAVE; OCS
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP LEHMANN, KK (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA.
NR 12
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 160
IS 1
BP 58
EP 60
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1156
PG 3
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA LJ188
UT WOS:A1993LJ18800004
ER

PT J
AU BELOV, SP
   TRETYAKOV, MY
   KLEINER, I
   HOUGEN, JT
AF BELOV, SP
   TRETYAKOV, MY
   KLEINER, I
   HOUGEN, JT
TI THE 2ND TORSIONAL STATE OF ACETALDEHYDE
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID MILLIMETER; SPECTRUM; METHANOL
C1 UNIV PARIS 06,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
   CNRS,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP BELOV, SP (reprint author), APPL PHYS INST,DIV MICROWAVE SPECT,46 ULYANOVA ST,NIZHNII NOVGOROD 603024,RUSSIA.
NR 11
TC 57
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 160
IS 1
BP 61
EP 72
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1157
PG 12
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA LJ188
UT WOS:A1993LJ18800005
ER

PT J
AU FLAUD, JM
   PERRIN, A
   SALAH, LM
   LAFFERTY, WJ
   GUELACHVILI, G
AF FLAUD, JM
   PERRIN, A
   SALAH, LM
   LAFFERTY, WJ
   GUELACHVILI, G
TI A REANALYSIS OF THE (010), (020), (100), AND (001) ROTATIONAL LEVELS OF
   (SO2)-S-32-O-16
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; SO2; BANDS; NU-1
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV PARIS 11,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,CNRS,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
RP FLAUD, JM (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
NR 8
TC 66
Z9 68
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 160
IS 1
BP 272
EP 278
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1174
PG 7
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA LJ188
UT WOS:A1993LJ18800022
ER

PT J
AU DOMALSKI, ES
   HEARING, ED
AF DOMALSKI, ES
   HEARING, ED
TI ESTIMATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF C-H-N-O-S-HALOGEN
   COMPOUNDS AT 298.15-K
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA
LA English
DT Article
DE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION; ENTROPY; ESTIMATION; HEAT CAPACITY; ORGANIC
   COMPOUNDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
AB An estimation method, which was developed by S.W. Benson and coworkers for calculating the thermodynamic properties of organic compounds in the gas phase, has been extended to the liquid and solid phases for organic compounds at 298.15 K and 101,325 Pa. As with a previous paper dealing with hydrocarbon compounds, comparisons of estimated enthalpies of formation, heat capacities, and entropies with literature values show that extension of the Benson's group additivity approach to the condensed phase is easy to apply and gives satisfactory agreement. Corresponding values for the entropy of formation, Gibbs energy of formation and natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant for the formation reaction are also calculated provided necessary auxiliary data are available. This work covers 1512 compounds containing the elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens in the gas, liquid, and solid phases. About 1000 references are provided for the literature values which are cited.
RP DOMALSKI, ES (reprint author), NBS,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 386
Z9 392
U1 5
U2 24
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0047-2689
J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA
JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 22
IS 4
BP 805
EP 1159
PG 355
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LV388
UT WOS:A1993LV38800001
ER

PT J
AU PEDERSEN, JOP
   OPANSKY, BJ
   LEONE, SR
AF PEDERSEN, JOP
   OPANSKY, BJ
   LEONE, SR
TI LABORATORY STUDIES OF LOW-TEMPERATURE REACTIONS OF C2H WITH C2H2 AND
   IMPLICATIONS FOR ATMOSPHERIC MODELS OF TITAN
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CN RADICAL REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; ABSOLUTE RATE; 193.3 NM;
   ACETYLENE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY;
   DISTRIBUTIONS
AB Rate coefficients for the reaction C2H + C2H2 --> C4H2 + H are measured over the temperature range 170-350 K. The reactions are carried out in a temperature variable flow cell. C2H radicals are produced by pulsed laser photolysis of C2H2, and a tunable infrared color-center laser is used to probe the transient removal of C2H in absorption to derive the rate coefficients. The results show that the rate coefficient is independent of temperature over the range 170-350 K and equal to (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(-10) exp[(28 +/- 20)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The reaction studied is of central importance for models of the photochemistry of the atmospheres of the outer planets, in particular for the satellite Titan, and the implications of the present results for these models are discussed.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80302.
NR 60
TC 84
Z9 84
U1 4
U2 12
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 26
BP 6822
EP 6829
DI 10.1021/j100128a013
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LV441
UT WOS:A1993LV44100013
ER

PT J
AU ALFASSI, ZB
   HUIE, RE
   NETA, P
AF ALFASSI, ZB
   HUIE, RE
   NETA, P
TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR REACTIONS OF PERHALOALKYLPEROXYL RADICALS WITH
   ALKENES
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID PEROXYL RADICALS; IRON PORPHYRINS; OXIDATION; SOLVENTS
AB Trichloro- and tribromomethylperoxyl radicals were produced by radiolytic reduction of CCl4 and CBr4 in various aerated solvents. Rate constants for the reactions of these radicals with unsaturated organic compounds were determined in methanol solutions by competition kinetics, using mainly chlorpromazine as a reference. The rate constants were in the range k = 104-107 L mol-1 s-1, and a good correlation was obtained between log k and the Taft substituent constants sigma*. Steric effects were also noticeable in some cases. The reactivities of the radicals were in the order CBr3O2. < CCl3O2. < C4F9O2., which is in contrast with the order observed in electron-transfer reactions. The rate constants for reaction of CCl3O2. with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene (DMB) and cyclohexene (CH) were studied in 12 solvents. In all cases DMB is considerably more reactive than CH, indicating that at least in the case of DMB the reaction is predominantly via addition. The rate constant for addition of CCl3O2. to DMB varies by a factor of 7 in the different solvents. No correlation was found between these rate constants and thermodynamic or polarity parameters of the solvents, although viscosity appears to have an effect.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010
NR 29
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 26
BP 6835
EP 6838
DI 10.1021/j100128a015
PG 4
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LV441
UT WOS:A1993LV44100015
ER

PT J
AU KLOSE, JZ
   DETERS, TM
   FUHR, JR
   WIESE, WL
AF KLOSE, JZ
   DETERS, TM
   FUHR, JR
   WIESE, WL
TI ATOMIC BRANCHING RATIO DATA FOR CARBON-LIKE IONS
SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
LA English
DT Article
ID OPACITY CALCULATIONS; O-III; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; TRANSITIONS;
   SEQUENCE; LINES
AB The branching-ratio technique for radiometric calibrations in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region is briefly reviewed. A list of transitions suitable for use of the technique is given for carbon-like ions along with pertinent data for their application.
RP KLOSE, JZ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0022-4073
J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA
JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 1
BP 1
EP 6
DI 10.1016/0022-4073(93)90123-Y
PG 6
WC Optics; Spectroscopy
SC Optics; Spectroscopy
GA LJ391
UT WOS:A1993LJ39100001
ER

PT J
AU POSTEK, MT
   LOWNEY, JR
   VLADAR, AE
   KEERY, WJ
   MARX, E
   LARRABEE, RD
AF POSTEK, MT
   LOWNEY, JR
   VLADAR, AE
   KEERY, WJ
   MARX, E
   LARRABEE, RD
TI X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY MASK METROLOGY - USE OF TRANSMITTED ELECTRONS IN AN
   SEM FOR LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE LITHOGRAPHY; METROLOGY; SECONDARY ELECTRON; SEM; TRANSMITTED ELECTRON;
   X-RAY
ID MICROSCOPE; SYSTEM
AB X-ray masks present a measurement object that is different from most other objects used in semiconductor processing because the support membrane is, by design, x-ray transparent. This characteristic can be used as an advantage in electron beam-based x-ray mask metrology since, depending upon the incident electron beam energies, substrate composition and substrate thickness, the membrane can also be essentially electron transparent. The areas of the mask where the absorber structures are located are essentially x-ray opaque, as well as electron opaque. This paper shows that excellent contrast and signal-to-noise levels can be obtained using the transmitted-electron signal for mask metrology rather than the more commonly collected secondary electron signal. Monte Carlo modeling of the transmitted electron signal was used to support this work in order to determine the optimum detector position and characteristics, as well as in determining the location of the edge in the image profile. The comparison between the data from the theoretically-modeled electron beam interaction and actual experimental data were shown to agree extremely well, particularly with regard to the wall slope characteristics of the structure. Therefore, the theory can be used to identify the location of the edge of the absorber line for linewidth measurement. This work provides one approach to improved x-ray mask linewidth metrology and a more precise edge location algorithm for measurement of feature sizes on x-ray masks in commercial instrumentation. This work also represents an initial step toward the first SEM-based accurate linewidth measurement standard from NIST, as well as providing a viable metrology for linewidth measurement instruments of x-ray masks for the lithography community.
RP POSTEK, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PRECIS ENGN,MICROELECTR DIMENS METROL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 4
BP 415
EP 445
PG 31
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LZ500
UT WOS:A1993LZ50000001
PM 28053482
ER

PT J
AU POSTEK, MT
   VLADAR, AE
   JONES, SN
   KEERY, WJ
AF POSTEK, MT
   VLADAR, AE
   JONES, SN
   KEERY, WJ
TI INTERALABORATORY STUDY ON THE LITHOGRAPHICALLY PRODUCED SCANNING
   ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE MAGNIFICATION STANDARD PROTOTYPE
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CALIBRATION; LINEWIDTH; LITHOGRAPHY; MAGNIFICATION; PITCH; SCANNING
   ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; SEM; STANDARD
ID METROLOGY
AB NIST is in the process of developing a new scanning electron microscope (SEM) magnification calibration reference standard useful at both high and low accelerating voltages. This standard will be useful for all applications to which the SEM is currently being used, but it has been specifically tailored to meet many of the particular needs of the semiconductor industry. A small number of test samples with the pattern were prepared on silicon substrates using electron beam lithography at the National Nanofabrication Facility at Cornell University. The structures were patterned in titanium/palladium with maximum nominal pitch structures of approximately 3000 mum scaling down to structures with minimum nominal pitch of 0.4 mum. Eighteen of these samples were sent out to a total of 35 university, research, semiconductor and other industrial laboratories in an interlaboratory study. The purpose of the study was to test the SEM instrumentation and to review the suitability of the sample design. The laboratories were asked to take a series of micrographs at various magnifications and accelerating voltages designed to test several of the aspects of instrument performance related to general SEM operation and metrology. If the instrument in the laboratory was used for metrology, the laboratory was also asked to make specific measurements of the sample. In the first round of the study (representing 18 laboratories), data from 35 instruments from several manufacturers were obtained and the second round yielded information from 14 more instruments. The results of the analysis of the data obtained in this study are presented in this paper.
RP POSTEK, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV PRECIS ENGN, MICROELECTR DIMENS METROL GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 6
TC 32
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 4
BP 447
EP 467
DI 10.6028/jres.098.033
PG 21
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LZ500
UT WOS:A1993LZ50000002
PM 28053483
ER

PT J
AU BURTON, BP
   RAWN, CJ
   ROTH, RS
   HWANG, NM
AF BURTON, BP
   RAWN, CJ
   ROTH, RS
   HWANG, NM
TI PHASE-EQUILIBRIA AND CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY IN PORTIONS OF THE SYSTEM
   SRO-CAO-BI2O3-CUO, .4. THE SYSTEM CAO-BI2O3-CUO
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE CALCIUM BISMUTH COPPER OXIDE; CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY; EXPERIMENTAL PHASE
   RELATIONS; PHASE EQUILIBRIA
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CU-O SYSTEM; CAO-CUO; COMPOUND; TEMPERATURE;
   BI2O3-CAO
AB New data are presented on the phase equilibria and crystal chemistry of the binary systems CaO-Bi2O3 and CaO-CuO and the ternary CaO-Bi2O3-CuO. Symmetry data and unit cell dimensions based on single crystal and powder x-ray diffraction measurements are reported for several of the binary CaO-Bi2O3 phases, including corrected compositions for Ca4Bi6O13 and Ca2Bi2O5. The ternary system contains no new ternary phases which can be formed in air at approximately 700-900-degrees-C.
C1 KOREA STAND RES INST, TAEJON 305606, SOUTH KOREA.
RP BURTON, BP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV CERAM, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 27
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 2
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 4
BP 469
EP 516
DI 10.6028/jres.098.034
PG 48
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LZ500
UT WOS:A1993LZ50000003
PM 28053484
ER

PT J
AU WALLACE, DR
   LENNON, EB
AF WALLACE, DR
   LENNON, EB
TI COMPASS 93, 8TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER ASSURANCE - GAITHERSBURG,
   MD - JUNE 14-17, 1993
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP WALLACE, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 4
BP 517
EP 521
DI 10.6028/jres.098.035
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LZ500
UT WOS:A1993LZ50000004
PM 28053485
ER

PT J
AU ARNOLDMCKENNA, C
   MCKENNA, GB
AF ARNOLDMCKENNA, C
   MCKENNA, GB
TI WORKSHOP ON AGING, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, AND DURABILITY ISSUES IN
   HIGH-TECHNOLOGY POLYMERS - GAITHERSBURG, MD - MAY 28-29, 1992
SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP ARNOLDMCKENNA, C (reprint author), WHITE HOUSE OFF SCI & TECHNOL POLICY, OLD EXECUT OFF BLDG, ROOM 427, WASHINGTON, DC 20500 USA.
RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013
OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930
NR 8
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
PI WASHINGTON
PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA
SN 1044-677X
J9 J RES NATL INST STAN
JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 4
BP 523
EP 533
DI 10.6028/jres.098.036
PG 11
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LZ500
UT WOS:A1993LZ50000005
PM 28053486
ER

PT J
AU ALBUS, J
   BOSTELMAN, R
   DAGALAKIS, N
AF ALBUS, J
   BOSTELMAN, R
   DAGALAKIS, N
TI THE NIST ROBOCRANE
SO JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
LA English
DT Article
AB The Robot Systems Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been experimenting for several years with new concepts for robot cranes. These concepts utilize the basic idea of the Stewart platform parallel link manipulator. The unique feature of the NIST approach is to use cables as the parallel links and to use winches as the actuators. As long as the cables are all in tension, the load is kinematically constrained and the cables resist perturbing forces and moments with equal stiffness to both positive and negative loads. The result is that the suspended load is constrained with a mechanical stiffness determined by the elasticity of the cables, the suspended weight, and the geometry of the mechanism. Based on these concepts, a revolutionary new type of robot crane, the NIST ROBOCRANE, has been developed that can control the position, velocity, and force of tools and heavy machinery in all six degrees of freedom (x, y, z, roll, pitch, and yaw). Depending on what is suspended from its work platform, the ROBOCRANE can perform a variety of tasks. Examples are: cutting, excavating and grading, shaping and finishing, lifting, and positioning. A 6-m version of the ROBOCRANE has been built and critical performance characteristics analyzed.
RP ALBUS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ROBOT SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 6
TC 263
Z9 294
U1 3
U2 23
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0741-2223
J9 J ROBOTIC SYST
JI J. Robot. Syst.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 10
IS 5
BP 709
EP 724
DI 10.1002/rob.4620100509
PG 16
WC Robotics
SC Robotics
GA LG775
UT WOS:A1993LG77500008
ER

PT J
AU JEWELL, PW
   STALLARD, RF
   MELLOR, GL
AF JEWELL, PW
   STALLARD, RF
   MELLOR, GL
TI NUMERICAL-STUDIES OF BOTTOM SHEAR-STRESS AND SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION ON
   THE AMAZON CONTINENTAL-SHELF
SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY PETROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; HUDSON-RARITAN ESTUARY; PHYSICAL
   OBSERVATIONS; RIVER SEDIMENT; PEAK DISCHARGE; PLUME REGION; QUATERNARY
   SEDIMENTATION; EAST CHINA; MODEL; RESUSPENSION
AB The relation between bottom shear stress and the distribution of bottom sediments on the Amazon continental shelf has been studied using a three-dimensional, primitive-equation computer model that incorporates the turbulence-closure scheme of Mellor and Yamada (1982) for calculating eddy diffusivity and a simple algorithm for computing nonlinear wave-current influences on bottom shear stress. Model results compare reasonably well with salinity data sets for the Amazon plume. Model results on distribution of bottom currents and bottom shear stresses help explain some of the observed sedimentological features of the Amazon continental shelf. High concentrations of suspended sediment in the Amazon River are transported outward over the continental shelf and northward by the North Brazil Coastal Current. As this sediment settles out of the water column, it forms the prograding, subaqueous delta described by Nittrouer et al. (1986). Accumulation rates are greatest shoreward of the 40-m isobath due to a zone of convergent, cross-shelf residual tidal velocities. little sediment is deposited in the shallow parts of the shelf, where bottom shear stress exceeds 10 dynes/cm2 over a diurnal tidal cycle. Zones of laminated sand and mud on the Amazon continental shelf coincide with areas of high interseasonal differences in bottom shear stress. Our results suggest that our model may be useful in interpreting sedimentation in ancient sedimentary basins as well.
C1 US GEOL SURVEY,DENVER,CO 80225.
   PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
RP JEWELL, PW (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA.
RI Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013
OI Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608
NR 56
TC 16
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 7
PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
PI TULSA
PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108
SN 0022-4472
J9 J SEDIMENT PETROL
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 63
IS 4
BP 734
EP 745
PG 12
WC Geology
SC Geology
GA LQ114
UT WOS:A1993LQ11400018
ER

PT J
AU DRESCHERKRASICKA, E
AF DRESCHERKRASICKA, E
TI SCANNING ACOUSTIC IMAGING OF STRESS IN THE INTERIOR OF SOLID MATERIALS
SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; ACOUSTOELASTICITY
AB A new acoustic, stress-scanning technique is based on the sensitivity of polarized acoustic modes to local elastic anisotropy induced by stress. In samples subjected to load the amplitude of polarized waves varies with the applied stress. The broad range of wavelengths applicable in acoustic imaging makes this technique feasible to many practical applications in metals ceramics, polymers, and other materials. A few examples: a disc under diametral concentrated load, a disc with a circular hole under diametral compression, polymer and aluminum samples under compression, and metal and ceramic samples with residual stresses will illustrate the advantages and limitations of this technique. The acoustic images show significant patterns caused by the differences of the amplitude values in the stressed and stress free areas, often enhanced by interference effects. Observed intensity variations are related to acoustic trirefringence and birefringence.
RP DRESCHERKRASICKA, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 26
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0001-4966
J9 J ACOUST SOC AM
JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 94
IS 1
BP 453
EP 464
DI 10.1121/1.407057
PG 12
WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
GA LL825
UT WOS:A1993LL82500047
ER

PT J
AU LAWN, BR
   BRAUN, LM
   BENNISON, SJ
   COOK, RF
AF LAWN, BR
   BRAUN, LM
   BENNISON, SJ
   COOK, RF
TI ROLE OF GRAIN-SIZE IN THE STRENGTH AND R-CURVE PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA -
   REPLY
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; CRACK-RESISTANCE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; FLAW
   TOLERANCE; CERAMICS; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; FORCES; SPINEL
C1 DUPONT CO INC, EXPTL STN, WILMINGTON, DE 19880 USA.
   IBM CORP, THOMAS J WATSON RES CTR, DIV RES, YORKTOWN HTS, NY 10598 USA.
RP LAWN, BR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 41
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 4
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI MALDEN
PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 76
IS 7
BP 1900
EP 1901
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb06673.x
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA LZ493
UT WOS:A1993LZ49300043
ER

PT J
AU CHANG, EKM
AF CHANG, EKM
TI DOWNSTREAM DEVELOPMENT OF BAROCLINIC WAVES AS INFERRED FROM
   REGRESSION-ANALYSIS
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; SHORT-TIME SCALES; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE;
   SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; INSTABILITY PROBLEM; DATA ASSIMILATION;
   STORM-TRACKS; LIFE-CYCLE; INTERMEDIATE; STATISTICS
AB The structure and evolution of transient disturbances in the Northern Hemisphere winter season are examined using one-point regression maps and longitude-height sections derived from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analyses for seven winter seasons. With the use of unfiltered time series of normalized 300-mb meridional wind perturbations at a grid point in the Pacific storm track as the reference time series, regression statistics for perturbations in the horizontal wind, geopotential height, temperature, and vertical velocity are derived. The resulting perturbation fields exhibit characteristics of mid-latitude baroclinic waves, such as a westward tilt with height in the velocity and height fields and eastward tilt in the temperature field, with typical wavelengths of 4000 km and periods of around 4 days.
   The main difference between the results of this work and previous similar analyses is in the propagation characteristics of the baroclinic wave trains. The wave trains found here exhibit characteristics of downstream development, with successive perturbations developing toward the downstream side of existing perturbations. An analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget of the wave train indicates that downstream radiation of ageostrophic geopotential fluxes by existing perturbations triggers the development of new eddies downwind, with conversion becoming important only during the later part of the life cycle of a downstream developed wave. The Appendix suggests that the difference between these results and those of previous works is mainly due to time filtering obscuring the delicate signal of downstream development.
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
NR 34
TC 163
Z9 171
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 13
BP 2038
EP 2053
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<2038:DDOBWA>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LL512
UT WOS:A1993LL51200014
ER

PT J
AU SCHNEIR, J
   DAGATA, JA
   HARARY, HH
AF SCHNEIR, J
   DAGATA, JA
   HARARY, HH
TI SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE-BASED NANOSTRUCTURE FABRICATION SYSTEM
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID AIR; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; SILICON
AB We have designed a novel scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and control electronics system to investigate STM-based nanostructure fabrication on semiconductor surfaces. Several elements of our design are unique to this application. The STM, which resides in a vacuum chamber, can be positioned anywhere on a 1 cm X 1 cm sample. This is accomplished by using three piezoelectric motors (Burleigh Inchworms) and locating the tip position with a long working distance optical microscope (Questar). One piezoelectric motor is used for the coarse Z approach while the other two adjust the X, Y tip position. The tip is attached to a tube-type piezoelectric scanner. The piezo tube's x-y scan range is 12 mum X 12 mum. The tube's mechanical and electrical response are linear to 6 kHz and allow rapid scanning. Both tip and sample are attached to the microscope magnetically to facilitate rapid self-aligned exchange under vacuum. A computer controlled pattern generation system allows arbitrary patterns to be drawn on the sample. The critical electromechanical issues involved in the construction and operation of such a system are discussed in detail.
RP SCHNEIR, J (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 754
EP 757
DI 10.1116/1.578342
PN 1
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP007
UT WOS:A1993LP00700005
ER

PT J
AU PELLEGRINO, JG
   QADRI, SB
   COTELL, CM
   AMIRTHARAJ, PM
   NGUYEN, NV
   COMAS, J
AF PELLEGRINO, JG
   QADRI, SB
   COTELL, CM
   AMIRTHARAJ, PM
   NGUYEN, NV
   COMAS, J
TI INTERFACE SHARPNESS DURING THE INITIAL-STAGES OF GROWTH OF THIN,
   SHORT-PERIOD III-V SUPERLATTICES
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID RAY
AB Superlattices composed of III-V heterostructures have established applications in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. As layer thicknesses are reduced, the role of heterostructure interface sharpness becomes more critical to ensuring high quality two-dimensional growth. In this work, short-period (less than 1 nm) superlattices with active layer thicknesses of 31 nm were investigated to assess interface roughness in the initial stages of growth. X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate interface roughness and to calculate superlattice periodicity. Results suggest that surface roughening by islanding may be promoted by GaAs buffer layers that are 10-100 nm thick. Smoother interfaces were obtained in samples with buffer layers 250 nm and greater.
C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CONDENSED MATTER,WASHINGTON,DC 20375.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP PELLEGRINO, JG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 917
EP 922
DI 10.1116/1.578327
PN 1
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP007
UT WOS:A1993LP00700034
ER

PT J
AU DAGATA, JA
   TSENG, W
   SILVER, RM
AF DAGATA, JA
   TSENG, W
   SILVER, RM
TI SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY OF PASSIVATED GALLIUM-ARSENIDE UNDER
   AMBIENT CONDITIONS
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID GAAS-SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; MODEL; AIR
AB Scanning tunnel spectroscopy of n- and p-type GaAs (110) and (100) surfaces, prepared with a novel electrically transparent surface oxide, reveals that the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of these surfaces obtained in air exhibit transport properties typical of the bulk band structure, a result which was previously obtained only on (110) GaAs surfaces cleaved in ultrahigh vacuum. The passivation technique has been used to obtain stable images of cleaved, molecular-beam epitaxy grown GaAs pn junctions in air as well. The results of this study demonstrate that quantitative doping information over the range of 10(15) < N(A),N(D) < 10(19) cm-3 can be extracted from scanning tunneling microscopy data on passivated GaAs surfaces under ambient conditions.
RP DAGATA, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 22
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1070
EP 1074
DI 10.1116/1.578443
PN 1
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP007
UT WOS:A1993LP00700062
ER

PT J
AU SMILGYS, RV
   ROBEY, SW
   CHIANG, CK
   HSIEH, TJ
AF SMILGYS, RV
   ROBEY, SW
   CHIANG, CK
   HSIEH, TJ
TI REACTIVE COEVAPORATION OF DYBACUO SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS - THE
   SEGREGATION OF BULK IMPURITIES ON ANNEALED MGO(100) SUBSTRATES
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID YBA2CU3O7 THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; MGO; INSITU
AB This article reports results from a study on the effect bulk impurities in MgO substrates may have when substrates are annealed to improve film microstructure and transport properties. DyBaCuO thin films are prepared by molecular beam reactive coevaporation on both annealed and unannealed MgO(100). While predeposition annealing has led to improved film quality for some groups, under our conditions just the opposite occurs. We point out the existence of Ca segregation to the MgO surface as a factor that needs investigation because Ca is a common contaminant in commercially supplied MgO. Atomic force microscope images show decoration of annealed substrates with submicron size particles that may be composed of the segregated Ca. These particles seem to underlie the distinct differences seen in the surface microstructure of films on annealed and unannealed substrates. In the case of annealed substrates a more random microstructure is promoted. Under identical growth conditions, outgrowths present in films on unannealed (mechanically polished) substrates are oriented in an ordered pattern. These findings suggest that the expected benefits from predeposition annealing can be negated when significant surface segregation of bulk contaminants occurs.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MAT & NUCL ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742.
RP SMILGYS, RV (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 11
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1361
EP 1366
DI 10.1116/1.578554
PN 1
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP007
UT WOS:A1993LP00700111
ER

PT J
AU POIRIER, GE
   CAVICCHI, RE
   SEMANCIK, S
AF POIRIER, GE
   CAVICCHI, RE
   SEMANCIK, S
TI ULTRATHIN HETEROEPITAXIAL SNO2 FILMS FOR USE IN GAS SENSORS
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID TIN OXIDE; EPITAXIAL SNO2; THIN; GROWTH; SILICON
AB Tin oxide films, 1.5, 4.0, and 8.0 nm thick, were grown on elevated-temperature sapphire (1102BAR) and (0001) substrates by reactive sputter deposition. The structural, chemical, and electrical properties were investigated by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and four-point conductance measurements. The SnO2 films grown on sapphire (1102BAR) were crystalline with the [101] axis parallel to the growth direction. In contrast, for films up to 8.0 nm thickness grown on sapphire (0001), no long-range order was evident in LEED images. The film resistance depended on the growth substrate, film thickness, and thermal history. Gas sensing measurements were carried out on palladium-activated films and showed a response for all the thicknesses studied.
RP POIRIER, GE (reprint author), NBS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 3
U2 7
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1392
EP 1395
DI 10.1116/1.578559
PN 1
PG 4
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP007
UT WOS:A1993LP00700116
ER

PT J
AU KREIDER, KG
AF KREIDER, KG
TI SPUTTERED HIGH-TEMPERATURE THIN-FILM THERMOCOUPLES
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
AB Thin film thermocouples have the advantage of extremely fast response (< 1 ms), low cost, and very fine spatial resolution. These capabilities have permitted measurements never before possible, such as the instantaneous temperature measurements of the inside surfaces of a diesel engine cylinder during operation. Although these type S platinum plus platinum 10% rhodium thermocouples are stable at the 900-1100-degrees-C range, oxidation of rhodium can take place in the 600-800-degrees-C range in air which lessens the thermoelectric potential of the positive element. We evaluated the effect of air exposures to high temperature thin film thermocouples and attempted to find solutions to the problem. We found that after 50 h at 750-degrees-C the Seebeck coefficient of a platinum 10% rhodium element was reduced 50% compared to the as-sputtered condition. The reduction of Seebeck coefficient at 700 and 800-degrees-C was also substantial. This reduction in Seebeck coefficient could be recovered by annealing the thin film at 900-degrees-C. The degradation after 750-degrees-C could be suppressed using a 1 mum sputtered aluminum oxide coating. The reversible behavior suggests the formation of Rh2O3 at 700-800-degrees-C and its subsequent reduction at temperatures at which the free energy of formation is zero or positive. Microstructural evidence confirm these conclusions.
RP KREIDER, KG (reprint author), NBS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 13
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 6
U2 13
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1401
EP 1405
DI 10.1116/1.578561
PN 1
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP007
UT WOS:A1993LP00700118
ER

PT J
AU KIEF, MT
   EGELHOFF, WF
AF KIEF, MT
   EGELHOFF, WF
TI FACE-CENTERED-CUBIC (111) TO BODY-CENTERED-CUBIC (110) TRANSITION IN
   EPITAXIAL FE ON CU(111)
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; FERROMAGNETIC ORDER; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BCC
   TRANSFORMATION; THIN-FILMS; IRON FILMS; CU 111; GROWTH; FCC; MONOLAYER
AB X-ray photoelectron forward scattering and CO-titration measurements show that Fe agglomerates on Cu(111). Deposition of 6 monolayers of Fe at 300 K covers only approximately 90% of the substrate. However, deposition of 3 monolayers of Fe at 80 K covers approximately 95% of the substrate. The changing film morphology is reflected in the epitaxial phase of the Fe film. Fe deposited on Cu (111) at a substrate temperature of 80 K grows body-centered-cubic (bcc), but Fe deposited at a substrate temperature of 300 K initially grows face-centered-cubic and relaxes to bcc with increasing thickness. The changing epitaxial crystalline phase is discussed in terms of the intrafilm interaction strength relative to the film-substrate bond strength.
RP KIEF, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 30
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 3
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1661
EP 1666
DI 10.1116/1.578475
PN 2
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP008
UT WOS:A1993LP00800006
ER

PT J
AU KENDELEWICZ, T
   WOICIK, JC
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   MIYANO, KE
   COWAN, PL
   KARLIN, BA
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
AF KENDELEWICZ, T
   WOICIK, JC
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   MIYANO, KE
   COWAN, PL
   KARLIN, BA
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
TI X-RAY STANDING-WAVE STUDY OF THE SB/GAAS(110) INTERFACE STRUCTURE
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID SURFACE ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; COLUMN-V ELEMENTS; SB OVERLAYERS;
   GAAS(110) SURFACE; 110 SURFACES; ANTIMONY; SEMICONDUCTORS; STATES
AB The x-ray standing wave technique has been used to determine the geometric structure of the monolayer Sb/GaAs (110) interface. Using the backreflection diffraction geometry, we find the average perpendicular distance of Sb atoms from the (220), (400), and (111) diffracting planes to be 2.27+/-0.05, 1.60+/-0.05, and 3.00+/-0.1 angstrom, respectively. On the basis of these data, the atomic coordinates of the overlayer have been quantitatively established. The results are in agreement with theoretical calculations for the epitaxial continued layer structure and inconsistent with other models of zigzag chains.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
   BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973.
RP KENDELEWICZ, T (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,ELECTR LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA.
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 2351
EP 2353
DI 10.1116/1.578331
PN 2
PG 3
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP008
UT WOS:A1993LP00800128
ER

PT J
AU HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   KENDELEWICZ, T
   WOICIK, JC
   MIYANO, KE
   PIANETTA, P
   SOUTHWORTH, S
   COWAN, PL
   KARLIN, BA
   SPICER, WE
AF HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   KENDELEWICZ, T
   WOICIK, JC
   MIYANO, KE
   PIANETTA, P
   SOUTHWORTH, S
   COWAN, PL
   KARLIN, BA
   SPICER, WE
TI DETERMINATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL CONFIGURATION OF BI ON GAAS (110) BY
   X-RAY STANDING-WAVE TRIANGULATION
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID GAAS(110); INTERFACE; INP(110); SB
AB Triangulation from x-ray standing wave applied to three Bragg planes, together with symmetry considerations, have established the geometrical structure of epitaxial Bi overlayers on GaAs (110). Our results are consistent with the epitaxial continued layer structure model. Our analysis is based on prior experimental results that indicate two equally populated Bi sites.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP HERRERAGOMEZ, A (reprint author), STANFORD ELECTR LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA.
NR 13
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 2354
EP 2358
PN 2
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP008
UT WOS:A1993LP00800129
ER

PT J
AU WOICIK, JC
   KENDELEWICZ, T
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   ANDREWS, AB
   KIM, BS
   COWAN, PL
   MIYANO, KE
   BOULDIN, CE
   KARLIN, BA
   HERMAN, GS
   ERSKINE, JL
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
AF WOICIK, JC
   KENDELEWICZ, T
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   ANDREWS, AB
   KIM, BS
   COWAN, PL
   MIYANO, KE
   BOULDIN, CE
   KARLIN, BA
   HERMAN, GS
   ERSKINE, JL
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
TI ADATOM LOCATION ON THE SI(111) 7X7 AND SI(111) ROOT-3X-ROOT-3-IN
   SURFACES BY THE X-RAY STANDING-WAVE AND PHOTOEMISSION TECHNIQUES
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 39TH NATIONAL SYMP OF THE AMERICAN VACUUM SOC
CY NOV 09-13, 1992
CL CHICAGO, IL
SP AMER VACUUM SOC
ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SILICON 111 SURFACE; RECONSTRUCTION;
   GAAS(110); STATES; SB
AB The x-ray standing wave technique has been used to determine the adatom positions on the Si(111) 7 X 7 and Si(111) square-root 3 X square-root 3-In surfaces. By monitoring the intensity of the surface sensitive Si Is photopeak as a function of photon energy around the Si(111) Bragg backreflection condition, we determine the Si adatoms of the clean 7 X 7 surface to reside 1.69+/-0.1 angstrom above the extrapolated Si(111) bulk plane. In contrast, the In adatoms on the 1/3 monolayer square-root 3 X square-root 3-In surface are found to remove the Si displacements and lie at a position of 2.11+/-0.05 angstrom. High-resolution Si 2p core-level measurements support the T4 geometry for the In adatom location.
C1 STANFORD UNIV,ELECTR LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305.
   UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
   TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
   NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973.
   USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375.
RP WOICIK, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0734-2101
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 2359
EP 2363
DI 10.1116/1.578333
PN 2
PG 5
WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied
SC Materials Science; Physics
GA LP008
UT WOS:A1993LP00800130
ER

PT J
AU KENDELEWICZ, T
   WOICIK, JC
   MIYANO, KE
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   COWAN, PL
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
AF KENDELEWICZ, T
   WOICIK, JC
   MIYANO, KE
   HERRERAGOMEZ, A
   COWAN, PL
   PIANETTA, P
   SPICER, WE
TI STRUCTURE OF SB MONOLAYERS ON GE(111)2X1 - A COMBINED STUDY USING
   CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION, X-RAY STANDING WAVES, AND SURFACE EXTENDED
   X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20TH ANNUAL CONF ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SEMICONDUCTOR
   INTERFACES
CY JAN 25-29, 1993
CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA
SP AMER VACUUM SOC, AMER PHYS SOC, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, USAF, OFF SCI RES, XEROX CORPORATE RES & TECHNOL
ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SI(111); RECONSTRUCTION; DIFFRACTION;
   TRIMER
AB The atomic stucture of an annealed monolayer of Sb on the Ge (111) - (2 X 1) surface has been studied with core-level photoemission, x-ray standing waves (XSW), and surface extended x-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS). Phase analysis of the SEXAFS data taken over the Sb L3 edge using bulk Sb and GaSb as standards determines the bond lengths within the first Sb shell to be 2.87 +/- 0.03 angstrom and 2.67 +/- 0.03 angstrom for the Sb-Sb and Sb-Ge bonds, respectively. The XSW data for (111) planes, taken in the backreflection diffraction geometry, place the Sb layer 2.60 +/- 0.05 angstrom above the Ge(111) surface. A relatively high coherent fraction (0.85) indicates small disorder or buckling in the Sb overlayer. The Sb overlayer is found to quench the clean surface shifted components of the Ge 3d core-level spectrum, which indicates an ideal termination of the Ge (111) surface with all dangling bonds saturated by the Sb adatoms. Lack of chemically shifted components in both the Ge 3d and the Sb 4d core level spectra indicates a single bonding site for the Sb atoms. Although it is not possible to differentiate between Sb trimers [as found for the Sb/Si(111) interface] or zigzag chains (common for Sb/III-V interfaces) on the Ge surface, substitutional geometries, in which Sb replaces the topmost layer of the Ge surface bilayer [as found for As/Ge (111)], can be ruled out.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP KENDELEWICZ, T (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA.
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 6
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1449
EP 1454
DI 10.1116/1.586958
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA LT450
UT WOS:A1993LT45000039
ER

PT J
AU CHESTER, MJ
   JACH, T
   THURGATE, S
AF CHESTER, MJ
   JACH, T
   THURGATE, S
TI GRAZING-INCIDENCE X-RAY PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY INVESTIGATION OF
   OXIDIZED GAAS(100) - A NOVEL-APPROACH TO NONDESTRUCTIVE DEPTH PROFILING
SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 20TH ANNUAL CONF ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SEMICONDUCTOR
   INTERFACES
CY JAN 25-29, 1993
CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA
SP AMER VACUUM SOC, AMER PHYS SOC, USN, OFF NAVAL RES, USAF, OFF SCI RES, XEROX CORPORATE RES & TECHNOL
ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; GAAS; REFLECTION
AB When a beam of x rays (approximately 1 keV) impinges on a flat surface at grazing angles (less than or similar 3-degrees) the x rays undergo total external reflection. Under these conditions, the penetration depth of the x rays can become comparable to photoelectron escape depths and the photoelectron yields from the surface are enhanced. As the incidence angle of the x rays is increased, the x-ray penetration depth increases and the photoelectron yields contain a larger contribution from deeper layers within the sample. By exploiting this depth-dependence of photoelectron yields as a function of incident x-ray beam angle, it is possible to obtain information about the depth distribution of the photoelectron emitting atoms. We have used this novel application of grazing-incidence x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (GIXPS) to study the ultraviolet oxidized GaAs(100) surface. This oxide/GaAs surface is particularly well suited for study with GIXPS because a variety of oxide phases are formed during oxidation and questions concerning stratification of these phases can be addressed. Much insight into the composition and depth-dependence of these oxide phases can be obtained by directly comparing the spectra collected at different x-ray incidence angles.
RP CHESTER, MJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 14
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 1071-1023
J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B
JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 4
BP 1609
EP 1613
DI 10.1116/1.586978
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology;
   Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics
GA LT450
UT WOS:A1993LT45000069
ER

PT J
AU GERBER, JA
   ROLETTO, J
   MORGAN, LE
   SMITH, DM
   GAGE, LJ
AF GERBER, JA
   ROLETTO, J
   MORGAN, LE
   SMITH, DM
   GAGE, LJ
TI FINDINGS IN PINNIPEDS STRANDED ALONG THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
   COAST, 1984-1990
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS;
   PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-TOWNSENDI;
   EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; STRANDING; HEALTH PROBLEMS; DISEASE
ID SEA LIONS
AB Personnel at The Marine Mammal Center (The Center) treated 1,446 stranded marine mammals recovered from the central and northern California (USA) coast from 1984 through 1990, including California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris), Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi), northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), and Guadalupe fur seals (Arctocephalus townsendi). The primary disease findings in stranded California sea lions were renal disease, renal disease complicated by severe verminous pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, seizures of unknown etiology, and renal disease complicated by severe pneumonia of unknown etiology. Stranded elephant seals included pups, yearlings with dermatological problems, and neonates. Most harbor seals admitted to The Center were underweight and premature pups. Stranded northern fur seals included animals with seizures of unknown etiology and emaciated pups. Stranded Steller sea lions included underweight pups and aged adult females with pneumonia. Two Guadalupe fur seals had hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Incidental findings at the time of stranding among the six species included verminous pneumonia and pneumonia of unknown etiology, renal disease, internal parasitism, ophthalmologic problems, gastrointestinal disorders, otitis externa, and external wounds.
C1 MARINE MAMMAL CTR,GOLDEN GATE NATL RECREAT AREA,MARIN HEADLANDS,SAUSALITO,CA 94965.
   GULF FARALLONES NATL MARINE SANCTUARY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94123.
NR 36
TC 44
Z9 44
U1 2
U2 10
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 3
BP 423
EP 433
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA LM642
UT WOS:A1993LM64200008
PM 8355344
ER

PT J
AU LEONE, SR
   ALSTRIN, AL
   STRUPP, PG
   SMILGYS, RV
AF LEONE, SR
   ALSTRIN, AL
   STRUPP, PG
   SMILGYS, RV
TI LASER GAS IONIZATION TECHNIQUE MONITORS MBE CRYSTAL-GROWTH
SO LASER FOCUS WORLD
LA English
DT Article
C1 ROCKY MT MAGNET,LOUISVILLE,CO 80028.
   UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,MCLEAN,VA 22102.
RP LEONE, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU PENNWELL PUBL CO
PI NASHUA
PA 5TH FLOOR TEN TARA BOULEVARD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801
SN 0740-2511
J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD
JI Laser Focus World
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 7
BP 65
EP &
PG 0
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA MC386
UT WOS:A1993MC38600017
ER

PT J
AU PAULSON, AJ
   CURL, HC
   FEELY, RA
AF PAULSON, AJ
   CURL, HC
   FEELY, RA
TI THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF NUTRIENTS AND TRACE-METALS IN HOOD CANAL, A
   PUGET-SOUND FJORD
SO MARINE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF MODEL ESTUARIES :
   ESTUARINE PROCESSES IN GLOBAL CHANGE
CY APR 14-20, 1991
CL JEKYLL ISL, GA
SP NATL SCI FDN, NATL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHER ADM, US DOE, SKIDAWAY MARINE SCI FDN
ID COPPER; ESTUARIES; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC; CADMIUM; WATER; RIVER;
   ALGAE; ZINC
AB The summer stratification of the surface layer of much of Hood Canal (a Puget Sound fjord) results in a surface layer low in nutrients and a deep layer low in dissolved oxygen and enriched in nutrients. Deviations from the dissolved oxygen:nutrient linear relationships are manifestations of several chemical and biological processes. The low dissolved oxygen concentrations (50 mumol) result in the redistributions of Fe in the sediment column while Mn is redistributed within the water column. Trace metals are also taken up by organisms in the surface layer and regenerated in the deep layer in the order Zn > > Cd > Cu = Ni Regenerated Zn is adsorbed on to resuspended bottom sediments that are enriched in Fe oxyhydroxides while Cd is adsorbed throughout the water column. Particulate distributions of Cu and Ni indicate these metals are also participating in biogeochemical cycles, albeit to a lesser extent.
C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
NR 45
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0304-4203
J9 MAR CHEM
JI Mar. Chem.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 43
IS 1-4
BP 157
EP 173
DI 10.1016/0304-4203(93)90222-A
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography
SC Chemistry; Oceanography
GA LX153
UT WOS:A1993LX15300012
ER

PT J
AU SMITH, REH
   CAVALETTO, JF
   EADIE, BJ
   GARDNER, WS
AF SMITH, REH
   CAVALETTO, JF
   EADIE, BJ
   GARDNER, WS
TI GROWTH AND LIPID-COMPOSITION OF HIGH ARCTIC ICE ALGAE DURING THE SPRING
   BLOOM AT RESOLUTE, NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES, CANADA
SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-ICE; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; HUDSON-BAY; PHOTOSYNTHATE ALLOCATION;
   COMPETITIVE INTERACTIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FLAME IONIZATION;
   MARINE; DIATOMS; MICROALGAE
AB The concentration and composition of particulate organic matter, with special reference to lipids, was measured throughout the spring bloom of bottom ice algae in 1989 at a site in the Canadian high Arctic. By comparing areas of differing snow cover, and thus light history, we showed that light was initially limiting to algal production. Where snow cover was relatively thin (0 to 5 cm), light apparently ceased to be limiting to biomass accumulation in the ice as the bloom neared its peak. Compositional ratios, such as C:chlorophyll a and C:N, were consistent with a physiological response of the algae to light-sufficient and, possibly, nutrient-limited conditions following the peak of the bloom. The transition from early to late bloom conditions was accompanied by a shift in lipid composition, from a predominance of polar lipids (glycolipids and phospholipids) and pigments to a predominance of neutral lipids (triacylglycerols and free fatty acids). Neutral lipids varied directly, as a proportion of total lipid, with the light available to the algae under the different snow covers. Similar changes of lipid composition were only partially reproduced in a short-term (less-than-or-equal-to 2 wk) manipulation of light availability to the natural communities, however, indicating that factors other than the immediate availability of light were important to lipid synthesis by the ice algae.
C1 NOAA, GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA.
RP SMITH, REH (reprint author), UNIV WATERLOO, DEPT BIOL, WATERLOO N2L 3G1, ONTARIO, CANADA.
NR 45
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 3
U2 18
PU INTER-RESEARCH
PI OLDENDORF LUHE
PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY
SN 0171-8630
J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER
JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 1
BP 19
EP 29
DI 10.3354/meps097019
PG 11
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology;
   Oceanography
GA LP398
UT WOS:A1993LP39800003
ER

PT J
AU BUCKLAND, ST
   BREIWICK, JM
   CATTANACH, KL
   LAAKE, JL
AF BUCKLAND, ST
   BREIWICK, JM
   CATTANACH, KL
   LAAKE, JL
TI ESTIMATED POPULATION-SIZE OF THE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE
SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
DE CALIFORNIA GRAY WHALE; ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; MIGRATION COUNTS;
   POPULATION SIZE ESTIMATION; DOUBLE COUNTS; GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELING
ID ESCHRICHTIUS-ROBUSTUS; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS
AB The 1987-1988 counts of gray whales passing Monterey are reanalyzed to provide a revised population size estimate. The double count data are modeled using iterative logistic regression to allow for the effects of various covariates on probability of detection, and a correction factor is introduced for night rate of travel. The revised absolute population size estimate is 20,869 animals, with CV = 4.37% and 95% confidence interval (19,200, 22,700). In addition the series of relative population size estimates from 1967-1968 to 1987-1988 is scaled to pass through this estimate and modeled to provide variance estimates from interannual variation in population size estimates. This method yields an alternative population size estimate for 1987-1988 of 21,296 animals, with CV = 6.05% and 95% confidence interval (18,900, 24,000). The average annual rate of increase between 1967-1968 and 1987-1988 was estimated to be 3.29% with standard error 0.44%.
C1 NMFS, ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR, NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB, SEATTLE, WA USA.
RP MLURI, SASS, ENVIRONM MODELLING UNIT, ABERDEEN AB9 2QJ, SCOTLAND.
RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012
NR 15
TC 44
Z9 50
U1 0
U2 8
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 0824-0469
EI 1748-7692
J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI
JI Mar. Mamm. Sci.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 9
IS 3
BP 235
EP 249
DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00452.x
PG 15
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology
GA LQ699
UT WOS:A1993LQ69900002
ER

PT J
AU BALAZS, GH
   FUJIOKA, R
   FUJIOKA, C
AF BALAZS, GH
   FUJIOKA, R
   FUJIOKA, C
TI MARINE TURTLE FECES ON HAWAIIAN BEACHES
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLE
AB Faeces of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, washed ashore in large numbers at a beach park in Hawaii over a 40-day period in 1989. The formed pellets were originally misidentified as being from pigs or humans, and therefore were perceived as a pollutant of potential health hazard to humans. However, bacteriological analysis of the nearshore waters indicated low and legally acceptable levels of faecal coliforms and enterococci. Similar diminished levels were also found in direct cultures of the fresh pellets. Green turtle faeces have been known to drift ashore in Hawaii, but never in the quantities recorded during this short-term event. The reason for the occurrence could not be determined, but several possible explanations are given.
C1 UNIV HAWAII, WATER RESOURCES RES CTR, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA.
RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SW FISHERIES SCI CTR, HONOLULU LAB, 2570 DOLE ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA.
NR 5
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 7
BP 392
EP 394
DI 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90187-O
PG 3
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LP461
UT WOS:A1993LP46100009
ER

PT J
AU GINZBURG, A
   DICK, CE
AF GINZBURG, A
   DICK, CE
TI IMAGE-INFORMATION TRANSFER PROPERTIES OF X-RAY INTENSIFYING SCREENS IN
   THE ENERGY-RANGE FROM 17 TO 320 KEV
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE X-RAY FLUORESCENT SCREENS; ENERGY DEPENDENCE; DQE; IMAGE INFORMATION
   TRANSFER
ID DETECTIVE QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; RADIOGRAPHIC MOTTLE; ABSORPTION; NOISE
AB The image information transfer properties of a number of x-ray fluorescent screens have been measured for x-ray energies from 17 to 320 keV. The detective quantum efficiency of the screens at each x-ray energy has been determined by separate measurements of the x-ray absorption efficiency and the statistical factor associated with the emission of optical photons upon absorption of an incident x ray. Data have been recorded for both rare-earth phosphor screens and calcium tungstate screens. The value of the statistical factor for optical photon emission tends toward a constant value as the incident energy increases. Comparisons of the image information transfer properties are presented for several screens, which have been measured over a ten year interval. The utility of the screens for high-energy radiography is discussed.
C1 US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 27
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 4
BP 1013
EP 1021
DI 10.1118/1.596998
PG 9
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA LU093
UT WOS:A1993LU09300007
PM 8413008
ER

PT J
AU FARAHANI, M
   EICHMILLER, FC
   MCLAUGHLIN, WL
AF FARAHANI, M
   EICHMILLER, FC
   MCLAUGHLIN, WL
TI NEW METHOD FOR SHIELDING ELECTRON-BEAMS USED FOR HEAD AND NECK-CANCER
   TREATMENT
SO MEDICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CANCER TREATMENT; ELECTRON BEAM; FILM DOSIMETER; RADIOTHERAPY; SHIELDING
   COMPOSITE; SHIELDING PROSTHESIS
ID RADIATION-THERAPY; FILM
AB Shields and stents of metals with high atomic number, which are custom cast in molds from the melt, are the materials most widely used to protect surrounding tissues during treatment of skin or oral lesions with therapeutic electron beams. An improved fabrication method is to mix a polysiloxane-metal composite, which is readily cast at room temperature by combining a metal-powder/polysiloxane resin mixture with a hardening catalyst. The purpose of the present study is to compare the shielding effectiveness of two different metal-polysiloxane composites with that of conventional cast Lipowitz metal (50.1% Bi, 26.6% Pb, 13.3% Sn, 10% Cd). Also, a 2(3) factorial experiment was run to investigate the effects and interactions of metal particle size (20-mum vs 100-mum diameter), the atomic weight of the metal (304 stainless steel vs 70% Ag, 30% Cu alloy), and the presence or absence of a layer of unfilled polymer added to the forward-watter side of the shield. The composites of different thicknesses were made by blending 90% (w/w) metal powder separately with 10% polysiloxane base and catalyst. A thin GafChromic(TM) dosimeter film was placed between the shielding material and a polystyrene base to measure the radiation shielding effect of composite disc samples irradiated with a 6-MeV electron beam normal to the flat surface of the disc. The results show that composite shields with the metal of higher atomic weight and density (Ag-Cu) combined with an additional unfilled layer are more effective than the stainless-steel composite with a similar additional unfilled layer, in terms of diminishing the dose at the surface of the polystyrene backing material. In general, the unfilled layer on the side of the shield away from the radiation source helps attenuate secondary forward-scattered electrons from the higher-density composite shielding layer. Although the Ag-Cu composite shield requires about double the thickness (approximately 7 mm) to achieve the same shielding effectiveness as the Lipowitz metal stent (approximately 3 mm) for 6-MeV electrons, the polymer-metal composite will be more comfortable for the patient and more easily and quickly cast to custom shapes and sizes.
RP FARAHANI, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ADAHF,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 7
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0094-2405
J9 MED PHYS
JI Med. Phys.
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 4
BP 1237
EP 1241
DI 10.1118/1.597152
PG 5
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA LU093
UT WOS:A1993LU09300034
PM 8413035
ER

PT J
AU DODGE, PP
   BURPEE, RW
AF DODGE, PP
   BURPEE, RW
TI CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINBANDS, RADAR ECHOES, AND LIGHTNING NEAR THE
   NORTH-CAROLINA COAST DURING GALE
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SEVERE LOCAL STORMS; MID-ATLANTIC COAST; UNITED-STATES; GULF-STREAM;
   BOUNDARY-LAYER; PRECIPITATION; ORGANIZATION; MESOSCALE; EVOLUTION;
   CYCLONES
AB Characteristics of mesoscale rainbands and echoes in radar reflectivity data recorded during the field phase of the Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment (GALE) are presented. The primary sources of data were radar microfilm and manually digitized radar (MDR) reports from the operational National Weather Service (NWS) radars at Cape Hatteras (HAT) and Wilmington (ILM), North Carolina. The dataset also included cloud-to-ground lightning flashes that were recorded by the network operated by the State University of New York at Albany.
   The analyses included rainbands of at least 90-km length with lifetimes of at least 2 h. Nearly all of the rainbands were within 400 km of synoptic-scale or coastal fronts. Warm-sector rainbands predominated. Rainbands were classified by the location of their initial detection relative to the land, coastal shelf, and Gulf Stream. Rainbands were initially identified more frequently over the Gulf Stream and less often over the coastal shelf than the corresponding fractional areas monitored by the radars.
   Statistical tests determined significant differences in the sample means of the MDR and lightning data between the Gulf Stream and land regions that were largely a consequence of many more hours with MDR and lightning over the Gulf Stream. Composites relative to the beginning and ending of the rainband cases indicated that differences between the Gulf Stream and land were small shortly after the initial detection of rainbands and large just before the final detection of rainbands. The largest Gulf Stream-land disparities occurred, on the average, during low-level cold and dry advection at HAT.
   Trunk and Bosart reported a convective echo maximum over the Gulf Stream near HAT and discussed physical processes that can account for the convective maximum. Analysis of one idealized distribution of convection, however, supports the likely role of sampling limitations of the NWS radar network in determining the location of the convective echo maximum near HAT.
C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149.
RI dodge, peter/A-9808-2017
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 7
BP 1936
EP 1955
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1936:CORREA>2.0.CO;2
PG 20
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK949
UT WOS:A1993LK94900005
ER

PT J
AU DROEGEMEIER, KK
   LAZARUS, SM
   DAVIESJONES, R
AF DROEGEMEIER, KK
   LAZARUS, SM
   DAVIESJONES, R
TI THE INFLUENCE OF HELICITY ON NUMERICALLY SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCELL STORMS; THUNDERSTORMS; PROPAGATION; SHEAR; ENERGETICS;
   VORTICITY; ROTATION; DYNAMICS; BUOYANCY; FLOWS
AB A three-dimensional numerical cloud model is used to investigate the influence of storm-relative environmental helicity (SREH) on convective storm structure and evolution, with a particular emphasis on the identification of ambient shear profiles that are conducive to the development of long-lived, strongly rotating storms. Eleven numerical simulations are made in which the depth and turning angle of the ambient vertical shear vector are varied systematically while maintaining a constant magnitude of the shear in the shear layer. In this manner, an attempt is made to isolate the effects of different environmental helicities on storm morphology and show that the SREH and bulk Richardson number, rather than the mean shear in the low levels, determine the rotational characteristics and morphology of deep convection.
   The results demonstrate that storms forming in environments characterized by large SREH are longer-lived than those in less helical surroundings. Further, it appears that the storm-relative winds in the layer 0-3 km must, on average, exceed 10 m s-1 over most of the lifetime of a convective event to obtain supercell storms. The correlation coefficient between vertical vorticity zeta and vertical velocity w, which (according to linear theory of dry convection) should be proportional to the product of the normalized helicity density, NHD (i.e., relative helicity), and a function involving the storm-relative wind speed, has the largest peak values (in time) in those simulated storms exhibiting large SREH and strong storm-relative winds in the low levels. Even when the vorticity is predominantly streamwise in the storm-relative framework, giving a normalized helicity density near unity (as is the case in many of these simulations), significant updraft rotation and large w-zeta correlation coefficients do not develop and persist unless the storm-relative winds are sufficiently strong. The correlation coefficient between w and zeta based on linear theory is found to be a significantly better predictor of net updraft rotation than the bulk Richardson number (BRN) or the BRN shear, and slightly better than the 0-3-km SREH. Both the theoretical correlation coefficient and the SREH are based on the motion of the initial storm after its initially rapid growth. Linear theory also predicts correctly the relative locations of the buoyancy, vertical velocity, and vertical vorticity extrema within the storms after allowance is made for the effects of vertical advection. In predicting the maximum vertical vorticity both above and below 1.14 km, rather than the actual w-zeta correlation, the 0-3-km SREH performs slightly worse than the BRN. The correlation coefficient, SREH, and BRN all do a credible job of predicting storm type. Thus, it is recommended that operational forecasters use the BRN to predict storm type because it is independent of storm motion, and the SREH to characterize the rotational properties of storms once their motions can be established. Finally, the ability of the NHD to characterize storm type and rotational properties is examined. Computed using the storm-relative winds, the NHD shows little ability to predict storm rotation (i.e., maximum w-zeta correlation and maximum vertical vorticity), because it neglects the magnitudes of the vorticity and storm-relative wind vectors. Histograms of the disturbance NHD show a distinct bias toward positive values near unity for supercell storms, indicating an extraction of helicity from the mean flow by the disturbance, and only a slight bias for multicell storms.
C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,CTR ANAL & PREDICT STORMS,NORMAN,OK 73019.
   NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORM LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069.
RP DROEGEMEIER, KK (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,SCH METEOROL,SARKEYS ENERGY CTR,RM 1310,100 E BOYD,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA.
OI Lazarus, Steven/0000-0002-5918-1059
NR 54
TC 106
Z9 111
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 7
BP 2005
EP 2029
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2005:TIOHON>2.0.CO;2
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK949
UT WOS:A1993LK94900009
ER

PT J
AU KURIHARA, Y
   BENDER, MA
   ROSS, RJ
AF KURIHARA, Y
   BENDER, MA
   ROSS, RJ
TI AN INITIALIZATION SCHEME OF HURRICANE MODELS BY VORTEX SPECIFICATION
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID PREDICTION; ENVIRONMENT; ASYMMETRIES
AB A scheme is presented to improve the representation of a tropical cyclone in the initial condition of a high-resolution hurricane model. In the proposed method, a crudely resolved tropical cyclone in the large-scale analysis is replaced by a vortex that is properly specified for use in the prediction model.
   Appropriate filters are used to remove the vortex from the large-scale analysis so that a smooth environmental field remains. The new specified bogus vortex takes the form of a deviation from this environmental field so that it can be easily merged with the latter field at the correct position. The specified vortex consists of both axisymmetric and asymmetric components. The symmetric component is generated by the time integration of an axisymmetric version of the hurricane prediction model. This ensures dynamical and thermodynamical consistency in the vortex structure, including the moisture field, and also compatibility of the vortex with the resolution and physics of the hurricane model. In the course of the integration of the axisymmetric model, the tangential wind component is gradually forced to a target wind profile determined from observational information and empirical knowledge. This makes the symmetric vortex a good approximation to the corresponding real tropical cyclone. The symmetric flow thus produced is used to generate an asymmetric wind field by the time integration of a simplified barotropic vorticity equation, including the beta effect. The asymmetric wind field, which can make a significant contribution to the vortex motion, is then added to the symmetric flow. After merging the specified vortex with the environmental flow, the mass field is diagnosed from the divergence equation with an appropriately controlled time tendency. The wind field remains unchanged at this step of initialization.
   Since the vortex specified by the proposed method is well adapted to the hurricane prediction model, problems of initial adjustment and false spinup of the model vortex, a long-standing difficulty in the dynamical prediction of tropical cyclones, are alleviated. It is anticipated that the improvement of the initial conditions can reduce the error in hurricane track forecasting and extend the feasibility of tropical cyclone forecasting to intensity change.
RP KURIHARA, Y (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA.
NR 15
TC 233
Z9 262
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 7
BP 2030
EP 2045
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2030:AISOHM>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK949
UT WOS:A1993LK94900010
ER

PT J
AU BENDER, MA
   ROSS, RJ
   TULEYA, RE
   KURIHARA, Y
AF BENDER, MA
   ROSS, RJ
   TULEYA, RE
   KURIHARA, Y
TI IMPROVEMENTS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK AND INTENSITY FORECASTS USING THE
   GFDL INITIALIZATION SYSTEM
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID MESH MODEL; HURRICANE; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; ATLANTIC; BOUNDARY;
   SCHEME; MOTION
AB The initialization scheme designed at GFDL to specify a more realistic initial storm structure of tropical cyclones was tested on four real data cases using the GFDL high-resolution multiply nested movable mesh hurricane model. Three of the test cases involved Hurricane Gloria ( 1985) in the Atlantic basin; the fourth involved Hurricane Gilbert (1988) in the Gulf of Mexico. The initialization scheme produced an initial vortex that was well adapted to the forecast model and was much more realistic in size and intensity than the storm structure obtained from the NMC T80 global analysis. As a result, the erratic storm motion seen in previous integrations of the GFDL model has been nearly eliminated with dramatic improvements in track forecasts during the first 48 h of the prediction. Using the new scheme, the average 24-h and 48-h forecast error for the four test cases was 58 and 94 km, respectively, compared with 143 and 191 km for the noninitialized forecasts starting from the global analysis. The average National Hurricane Center operational forecast error at 24 and 48 h was 1 18 and 212 km for the same four cases. After 48 h the difference in the average track error became small between the integrations starting from the global analysis and the forecasts starting from the fields obtained by the initialization scheme.
   With accurate specification of the initial vortex structure, changes in the storm intensity were also well predicted in these cases. The model correctly forecasted the rapid intensification of Hurricane Gloria just after the system was first upgraded to a hurricane. The model storm intensification also ceased at approximately the same time as observed, with gradual weakening as the storm moved north and approached the east coast of the United States. In the forecast of Hurricane Gilbert, the model storm initially weakened as it moved over the Yucatan Peninsula and underwent only moderate reintensification after moving over the Gulf of Mexico, in good agreement with observations.
   Finally, in the case where the track of Hurricane Gloria was well forecast, the distribution of the maximum low-level winds was accurately predicted as the storm moved up the east coast of the United States. During this period the model successfully reproduced many observed features such as large asymmetries in the wind field, with strongest winds occurring well east of the storm center, and a sharp decrease of the wind speed at the coast. Although the asymmetry in the wind distribution was reproduced to a first order in the forecast starting with the global analysis, the agreement with observations was much better with the specified vortex, primarily due to a more realistic radius of maximum wind and storm intensity.
RP BENDER, MA (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA.
NR 19
TC 89
Z9 94
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 7
BP 2046
EP 2061
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2046:IITCTA>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK949
UT WOS:A1993LK94900011
ER

PT J
AU WU, GX
   LAU, NC
AF WU, GX
   LAU, NC
TI A GCM SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TROPICAL STORM FORMATION
   AND ENSO - REPLY
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Note
C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GFDL,ERL,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542.
   CHINESE ACAD SCI,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 7
BP 2144
EP 2146
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2144:R>2.0.CO;2
PG 3
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK949
UT WOS:A1993LK94900017
ER

PT J
AU LILLEY, MD
   BUTTERFIELD, DA
   OLSON, EJ
   LUPTON, JE
   MACKO, SA
   MCDUFF, RE
AF LILLEY, MD
   BUTTERFIELD, DA
   OLSON, EJ
   LUPTON, JE
   MACKO, SA
   MCDUFF, RE
TI ANOMALOUS CH4 AND NH4+ CONCENTRATIONS AT AN UNSEDIMENTED MID-OCEAN-RIDGE
   HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID DE-FUCA-RIDGE; MASSIVE SULFIDES; GUAYMAS BASIN; VENT FIELD; FLUIDS;
   GEOCHEMISTRY; CHEMISTRY; METHANE; JUAN; ORIGINS
AB SINCE the discovery in 1977 of sea-floor hydrothermal systems, the study of the chemistry of the venting fluids has transformed our understanding of the geochemical cycles that influence the composition of sea water and the ocean crust. With few exceptions (Guaymas basin being the most notable), the vent systems studied so far are free of sedimentary influence and the chemistry of the fluids can be explained on the basis of interactions between sea water and basalt. Such fluids typically contain low methane concentrations, ranging from 50 to 120 muM (refs 1-7), and ammonium concentrations less than 10 muM (ref. 8). Here we report CH4 and NH4+ concentrations from the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge which are many times greater than those measured previously at any unsedimented mid-ocean ridge. The C-13/C-12 ratio of this CH4 is the lowest yet found in any hydrothermal environment, implying an unusual source. We attribute these high CH4 and NH4+ concentrations to the decomposition of sub-sea-floor organic matter associated with sediments buried at an earlier stage of the ridge's evolution. These data illustrate that the organic geochemistry of unsedimented ridges may be more complex than suspected hitherto.
C1 NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
   NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
   UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903.
RP LILLEY, MD (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
RI Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016
OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279
NR 32
TC 204
Z9 212
U1 2
U2 31
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 364
IS 6432
BP 45
EP 47
DI 10.1038/364045a0
PG 3
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LK818
UT WOS:A1993LK81800051
ER

PT J
AU COURSEY, BM
   CALHOUN, JM
   CESSNA, JT
AF COURSEY, BM
   CALHOUN, JM
   CESSNA, JT
TI RADIOASSAYS OF Y-90 USED IN NUCLEAR-MEDICINE
SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID STANDARDIZATION; Y-90
AB Yttrium-90 radioassays are required in nuclear medicine at the gigabecquerel activity level (GBq) for measuring injected activity, and at the becquerel level for measuring individual tissue samples in biodistribution studies. A method of standardizing Y-90 for activity using high-efficiency liquid-scintillation counting is described. Solution standards were used to establish the calibration factors for commercial radionuclide calibrators. Detection efficiencies are also presented for liquid-scintillation counting, NaI(Tl) bremsstrahlung counting and Cerenkov counting.
RP COURSEY, BM (reprint author), NIST,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 14
TC 35
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0883-2897
J9 NUCL MED BIOL
JI Nucl. Med. Biol.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 5
BP 693
EP 699
DI 10.1016/0969-8051(93)90040-2
PG 7
WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA LK303
UT WOS:A1993LK30300017
PM 8358356
ER

PT J
AU BOLLINGER, JJ
   HEINZEN, DJ
   MOORE, FL
   ITANO, WM
   WINELAND, DJ
   DUBIN, DHE
AF BOLLINGER, JJ
   HEINZEN, DJ
   MOORE, FL
   ITANO, WM
   WINELAND, DJ
   DUBIN, DHE
TI ELECTROSTATIC MODES OF ION-TRAP PLASMAS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID RF QUADRUPOLE TRAP; PENNING TRAP; CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; FREQUENCY
   STANDARD; NONNEUTRAL PLASMA; STORED IONS; MASS RATIO; FINITE LENGTH;
   GROUND-STATE; SPECTROSCOPY
AB The electrostatic modes of a non-neutral plasma confined in a Penning or Paul (rf) trap are discussed in the limit that the Debye length is small compared to the plasma dimensions and the plasma dimensions are small compared to the trap dimensions. In this limit the plasma shape is spheroidal and analytic solutions exist for all of the modes. The solutions for the modes of a Paul-trap plasma are a special case of the modes of a Penning-trap plasma. A simple derivation of some of the low-order quadrupole modes is given. Experimental measurements of these mode frequencies on plasmas of laser-cooled Be+ ions in a Penning trap agree well with the calculations. A general discussion of the higher-order modes is given. The modes provide a nondestructive method for obtaining information on the plasma density and shape. In addition, they may provide a practical limit to the density and number of charged particles that can be stored in a Penning trap.
C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093.
RP BOLLINGER, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 71
TC 105
Z9 105
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 1
BP 525
EP 545
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.525
PG 21
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LM341
UT WOS:A1993LM34100072
ER

PT J
AU SUMARLIN, IW
   LYNN, JW
   NEUMANN, DA
   RUSH, JJ
   LOONG, CK
   PENG, JL
   LI, ZY
AF SUMARLIN, IW
   LYNN, JW
   NEUMANN, DA
   RUSH, JJ
   LOONG, CK
   PENG, JL
   LI, ZY
TI PHONON DENSITY-OF-STATES IN R2CUO4 AND SUPERCONDUCTING R1.85CE0.15CUO4(R
   = ND,PR)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-FIELD; RARE-EARTH; BA1-XKXBIO3;
   ND2CUO4; PR2CUO4
AB Inelastic-neutron-scattering measurements of the generalized phonon density of states (GDOS) for the electron-doped superconductors Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 and Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 have been carried out with the use of both a filter-detector method and time-of-flight spectroscopy. A measurement of the GDOS for the insulating Pr2CuO4 was also done for comparison with that of Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4, while a more limited set of data was obtained for Nd2CuO4. Comparison between the GDOS spectrum of the Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 with that of Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 shows differences in the shape of some structures in the GDOS spectrum. Furthermore, there are substantial changes in the GDOS spectrum of Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 as compared to that of Pr2CuO4, particularly in the energy regime between 33 and 63 meV. In the Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4 system, where electron-tunneling measurements have been performed, there are similarities between the GDOS spectrum and the Eliashberg-coupling function alpha2F(omega) obtained from the tunneling data in the energy regions where comparisons can be made. To the extent that this comparison is valid, it suggests that phonons are to some extent involved in the electron-pairing mechanism in these electron-doped superconductor systems. We have also determined the ground-state crystal-field excitations associated with the rare-earth ions (Nd3+, Pr3+). The Nd3+ crystal-field levels are observed at energies of 13, 20.7, 26.4, and 93 meV in superconducting Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. For the Pr2CuO4 system, the Pr3+ crystal-field excitations are found at 18.6 and 87.9 meV. These peaks broaden and split when doped to form superconducting Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4. The observed crystal-field levels in the above systems are in good agreement with those reported by other groups.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP SUMARLIN, IW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 40
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 1
BP 473
EP 482
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.473
PG 10
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LL907
UT WOS:A1993LL90700056
ER

PT J
AU LI, WH
   CHANG, KJ
   HSIEH, WT
   LEE, KC
   LYNN, JW
   YANG, HD
AF LI, WH
   CHANG, KJ
   HSIEH, WT
   LEE, KC
   LYNN, JW
   YANG, HD
TI MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF PR IN PRBA2CU2.7ZN0.3O7-GAMMA
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID TEMPERATURE SPECIFIC-HEAT; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PRBA2CU3O7; FLUCTUATIONS;
   ERBA2CU3O7; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN
AB The magnetic ordering of Pr in tetragonal PrBa2Cu2.7Zn0.3O7-y has been studied by neutron-diffraction measurements. In this Zn-doped system, where 15 at.% of the Cu atoms located in the CuO2-plane layers have been replaced by Zn atoms, the magnetic structure of Pr is different from that found in the undoped system. The basic magnetic structure of Pr in the present Zn-doped compound consists of a simple antiferromagnetic arrangement in the tetragonal ab plane with nearest-neighbor spins along the c axis aligned parallel (ferromagnetic). This contrasts with the structure found in PrBa2Cu3O7, where Pr spins are arranged antiferromagnetically along all three crystallographic directions. The ordering temperature is almost-equal-to 17 K, with a moment of 0.70+/-0.07mu(B) directed along the c axis. Although the doping of Zn changes the magnetic structure of Pr, its Neel temperature and moment remain unaltered. Our order-parameter measurements give a value of 0.49+/-0.09 for the critical exponent beta of the staggered magnetization, suggesting that the magnetic phase transition observed is three dimensional in nature.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   NATL SUN YAT SEN UNIV,DEPT PHYS,KAOHSIUNG 80424,TAIWAN.
RP LI, WH (reprint author), NATL CENT UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CHUNGLI 32054,TAIWAN.
NR 24
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 1
BP 519
EP 523
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.519
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LL907
UT WOS:A1993LL90700061
ER

PT J
AU ROBEY, SW
   HUDSON, LT
   EYLEM, C
   EICHORN, B
AF ROBEY, SW
   HUDSON, LT
   EYLEM, C
   EICHORN, B
TI SUBSTITUTION-INDUCED MIDGAP STATES IN THE MIXED OXIDES RXBA1-XTIO3-DELTA
   WITH R = Y, LA, AND ND
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES;
   PHOTOEMISSION; TRANSITION; SYSTEM
AB Changes induced in the electronic structure of BaTiO3 by substitutions of R = Y, La, or Nd for Ba to form the mixed oxides RxBa1-xTiO3-delta have been investigated using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Substitution of formally R3+ ions for Ba2+ leads to the introduction of filled states in the band gap that are shown by resonant-photoemission measurements to have significant Ti 3d character, consistent with a Mott-Hubbard-insulator description for these oxides. Various contributions to the binding energy and width of these states are considered. It is suggested that the dominant factor is electron-electron correlation and this leads to the estimates U approximately DELTA approximately 3 eV for this system, where U is the correlation energy for the 3d electrons and DELTA is the charge-transfer energy.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLL PK,MD 20742.
RP ROBEY, SW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 36
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 1
BP 562
EP 568
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.562
PG 7
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LL907
UT WOS:A1993LL90700068
ER

PT J
AU HYUN, OB
AF HYUN, OB
TI EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF FLUX EXPULSION IN TYPE-II SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD; IRREVERSIBILITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   YBA2CU3O7; HC1
AB Experimental aspects of flux expulsion in Nb3Sn and YBa2Cu3O7 type-II superconductors are presented. There is a clear distinction in magnetization between field-cooled meaured-upon-cooling (FCC) and field-cooled measured-upon-warming (FCW) results. This thermal hysteresis, predicted in the temperature-dependent critical-state model at low fields by Clem and Hao, was observed for measuring fields up to about 0.5 T. The model explains the observation of increases in diamagnetism after field cooling and thermal cycling. The thermal hysteresis, together with weak links, accounts for the occurrence of a negative peak in FCW magnetization. The FCC-FCW bifurcation observed for a 0.1 mT field down to 5 K might imply that flux lines are not completely frozen below T(c1), the temperature at which the lower critical field is equal to the measuring field, but are expelled from the sample even in the Meissner state.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 22
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 2
BP 1244
EP 1248
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.1244
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LM885
UT WOS:A1993LM88500065
ER

PT J
AU LOMBA, E
   GIVEN, JA
   STELL, G
   WEIS, JJ
   LEVESQUE, D
AF LOMBA, E
   GIVEN, JA
   STELL, G
   WEIS, JJ
   LEVESQUE, D
TI ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE EQUATIONS AND SIMULATION RESULTS FOR HARD-SPHERE FLUIDS
   ADSORBED IN POROUS-MEDIA
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E
LA English
DT Article
ID MONTE-CARLO; ARBITRARY MATRICES; EQUILIBRIUM; DISTRIBUTIONS; LIQUIDS;
   MODEL
AB In this paper we solve the replica Ornstein-Zernike (ROZ) equations in the hypernetted-chain (HNC), Percus-Yevick (PY), and reference Percus-Yevick (RPY) approximations for partly quenched systems. The ROZ equations, which apply to the general class of partly quenched systems, are here applied to a class of models for porous media. These models involve two species of particles: an annealed or equilibrated species, which is used to model the fluid phase, and a quenched or frozen species, whose excluded-volume interactions constitute the matrix in which the fluid is adsorbed. We study two models for the quenched species of particles: a hard-sphere matrix, for which the fluid-fluid, matrix-matrix, axid matrix-fluid sphere diameters sigma11, sigma00, and sigma01 are additive, and a matrix of randomly overlapping particles (which still interact with the fluid particle as hard spheres) that gives a ''random'' matrix with interconnected pore structure. For the random-matrix case we study a ratio sigma01/sigma11 of 2.5, which is a demanding one for the theories. The HNC and RPY results represent significant improvements over the PY result when compared with the Monte Carlo simulations we have generated for this study, with the HNC result yielding the best results overall among those studied. A phenomenological percolating-fluid approximation is also found to be of comparable accuracy to the HNC results over a significant range of matrix and fluid densities. In the hard-sphere matrix case, the RPY is the best of the theories that we have considered.
C1 CSIC,INST QUIM FIS ROCASOLANO,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN.
   UNIV COMPLUTENSE,DEPT QUIM FIS 1,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN.
   UNIV PARIS 11,PHYS THEOR & HAUTES ENERGIES LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
   NIST,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP LOMBA, E (reprint author), SUNY,DEPT CHEM,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA.
RI Lomba, Enrique/B-1279-2011
OI Lomba, Enrique/0000-0002-4768-2040
NR 23
TC 132
Z9 132
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1063-651X
J9 PHYS REV E
JI Phys. Rev. E
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 48
IS 1
BP 233
EP 244
DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.48.233
PG 12
WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical
SC Physics
GA LN697
UT WOS:A1993LN69700033
ER

PT J
AU OLDHAM, NM
   KRAMAR, JA
   HETRICK, PS
   TEAGUE, EC
AF OLDHAM, NM
   KRAMAR, JA
   HETRICK, PS
   TEAGUE, EC
TI ELECTRONIC LIMITATIONS IN PHASE METERS FOR HETERODYNE INTERFEROMETRY
SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR PRECISION
   ENGINEERING
LA English
DT Article
DE PHASE METERS; HETERODYNE INTERFEROMETRY
AB Limitations imposed by the phase meters used in heterodyne interferometers are evaluated. These instruments measure the phase relationship between electrical signals generated by the heterodyning process, allowing the interferometers to resolve fractions of an optical fringe. Measurements indicate that the phase meters used in currently available heterodyne interferometers probably limit achievable accuracy to a greater extent than barriers imposed by the optics. We show that a new class of time interval counters offers a means of greatly improving accuracy in these instruments.
C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,METROL BLDG,ROOM A117,BLDG 220,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
NR 0
TC 46
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 4
PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN
PI WOBURN
PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084
SN 0141-6359
J9 PRECIS ENG
JI Precis. Eng.-J. Am. Soc. Precis. Eng.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 15
IS 3
BP 173
EP 179
DI 10.1016/0141-6359(93)90005-U
PG 7
WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience
   & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments &
   Instrumentation
GA LP068
UT WOS:A1993LP06800005
ER

PT J
AU JOYCE, JE
   MARTIN, RM
   THROWER, FP
AF JOYCE, JE
   MARTIN, RM
   THROWER, FP
TI SUCCESSFUL MATURATION AND SPAWNING OF CAPTIVE CHINOOK SALMON BROOD STOCK
SO PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST
LA English
DT Note
ID GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; ONCORHYNCHUS; TROUT
AB Brood stock of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) cultured from egg to maturity had low prespawning mortality and highly viable offspring when fed a formulated brood diet and matured in a seawater net-pen with a surface freshwater lens. The brood fish were cultured in freshwater raceways as fry, reared in seawater net-pens from the juvenile (4.7 g) stage until 2 months before spawning, and then transferred into the seawater net-pen modified with a 1-m-thick freshwater lens. Diet was changed 12 months before spawning from a basic formulated commercial diet to a commercial brood-fish diet. The average egg viability to the eyed stage (72% for the progeny of nine females, each crossed with a single male) compared favorably with that of anadromous fish produced at the same facility. Although cultured fish matured younger and smaller, and thus produced smaller eggs and fry, than did wild or anadromous fish of the same stock, juvenile size did not differ after 6 months of freshwater rearing.
RP JOYCE, JE (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA.
NR 13
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER FISHERIES SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199
SN 0033-0779
J9 PROG FISH CULT
JI Progress. Fish-Cult.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 55
IS 3
BP 191
EP 194
DI 10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0191:SMASOC>2.3.CO;2
PG 4
WC Fisheries
SC Fisheries
GA MA517
UT WOS:A1993MA51700010
ER

PT J
AU COAKLEY, KJ
   MCCLELLAND, JJ
   KELLEY, MH
   CELOTTA, RJ
AF COAKLEY, KJ
   MCCLELLAND, JJ
   KELLEY, MH
   CELOTTA, RJ
TI UNCERTAINTY INTERVALS FOR POLARIZED BEAM SCATTERING ASYMMETRY STATISTICS
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
ID BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS
AB In many scattering experiments, the quantity of most direct physical interest is a measure of the difference between two closely related scattering signals, each generated by a Poisson scattering process. This difference is often expressed in terms of an asymmetry statistic, that is, the difference normalized to the sum of the two signals, corrected for an additive background contribution. Typically, a propagation of errors approach is used to compute confidence intervals for asymmetry. However, these confidence intervals are not reliable in general. In this work, generally accurate confidence intervals for asymmetry are obtained using a parametric bootstrap approach. Based on the observed data, data are simulated using a Monte Carlo resampling scheme. The resampled data sets satisfy a constraint that ensures that background-corrected count rates are not negative.
RP COAKLEY, KJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015
OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 64
IS 7
BP 1888
EP 1894
DI 10.1063/1.1143972
PG 7
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LN411
UT WOS:A1993LN41100034
ER

PT J
AU COAKLEY, KJ
AF COAKLEY, KJ
TI ANALYSIS OF SCATTERING ASYMMETRY STATISTICS WHEN BACKGROUND CORRECTED
   COUNTS ARE NEGATIVE
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
AB An asymmetry statistic of physical interest is an estimate of the ratio of the difference and the sum of the Poisson rate parameters for two scattering processes. Typically, an additive background signal contributes to measurements of each signal. Background is measured in a third experiment. Data are corrected by subtracting measured background. When the measured background is larger than one of the other measurements, background-corrected counts are negative. For this case, it would seem that no useful information can be extracted from the experiment. Here, asymmetry and an associated uncertainty interval are estimated for such cases using a bootstrap approach.
RP COAKLEY, KJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STAT ENGN,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 2
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 64
IS 7
BP 1895
EP 1898
DI 10.1063/1.1143973
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LN411
UT WOS:A1993LN41100035
ER

PT J
AU POSTEK, MT
   KEERY, WJ
   VLADAR, AE
AF POSTEK, MT
   KEERY, WJ
   VLADAR, AE
TI MODIFICATION OF A COMMERCIAL SEM WITH A COMPUTER-CONTROLLED CATHODE
   STABILIZED POWER-SUPPLY
SO SCANNING
LA English
DT Article
DE ACCELERATING VOLTAGE; ANODE; CATHODE; COMPUTER CONTROL; SCANNING
   ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; WEHNELT
AB Modification of the high-voltage circuitry of the thermionic electron gun of a commercial scanning electron microscope (SEM) to a fully computer-controlled, cathode-stabilized system is described. The modification permits automatic filament saturation and monitoring. Using this system, variations and drifts in the emission current over time can be adjusted and compensated automatically with a feedback loop in the computer-controlled system. This change also enables the accurate determination and setting of the primary electron beam energy. Therefore, the accelerating voltage is known for comparison to Monte Carlo computer modeling of the electron beam specimen interaction.
C1 HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI,TECH PHYS RES INST,H-1361 BUDAPEST 5,HUNGARY.
RP POSTEK, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MICROELECTR DIMENSIONAL METROL GRP,TECHNOL BLDG A-347,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 3
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU FAMS INC
PI MAHWAH
PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430
SN 0161-0457
J9 SCANNING
JI Scanning
PD JUL-AUG
PY 1993
VL 15
IS 4
BP 208
EP 211
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy
GA LQ646
UT WOS:A1993LQ64600004
ER

PT J
AU ITANO, WM
   RAMSEY, NF
AF ITANO, WM
   RAMSEY, NF
TI ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF TIME
SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
LA English
DT Article
C1 HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
RP ITANO, WM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO, USA.
NR 4
TC 16
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 1
PU SCI AMERICAN INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017
SN 0036-8733
J9 SCI AM
JI Sci.Am.
PD JUL
PY 1993
VL 269
IS 1
BP 56
EP &
PG 0
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LH195
UT WOS:A1993LH19500015
ER

PT J
AU SANDERS, PG
   WEERTMAN, JR
   BARKER, JG
   SIEGEL, RW
AF SANDERS, PG
   WEERTMAN, JR
   BARKER, JG
   SIEGEL, RW
TI SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING FROM NANOCRYSTALLINE PALLADIUM AS A
   FUNCTION OF ANNEALING
SO SCRIPTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA
LA English
DT Article
ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY CAVITIES; PD; FATIGUE
C1 NIST,COLD NEUTRON RES FACIL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP SANDERS, PG (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA.
RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009
NR 21
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0956-716X
J9 SCRIPTA METALL MATER
JI Scr. Metall. Materialia
PD JUL 1
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 1
BP 91
EP 96
DI 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90260-Y
PG 6
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical
   Engineering
SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA LD781
UT WOS:A1993LD78100017
ER

PT J
AU WHEELER, AA
   MURRAY, BT
   SCHAEFER, RJ
AF WHEELER, AA
   MURRAY, BT
   SCHAEFER, RJ
TI COMPUTATION OF DENDRITES USING A PHASE FIELD MODEL
SO PHYSICA D
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONF OF THE LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY
   CENTER FOR NONLINEAR STUDIES : NONLINEARITY IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
CY MAY 18-22, 1992
CL LOS ALAMOS, NM
SP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES, US DOE, OFF SCI COMP
ID CRYSTAL-GROWTH; KINETICS; SOLIDIFICATION; TRANSITIONS; DIFFUSION;
   SELECTION; BOUNDARY
AB A phase field model is used to numerically simulate the solidification of a pure material. We employ it to compute growth into an undercooled liquid for a one-dimensional spherically symmetric geometry and a planar two-dimensional rectangular region. The phase field model equations are solved using finite difference techniques on a uniform mesh. For the growth of a sphere, the solutions from the phase field equations for sufficiently small interface widths are in good agreement with a numerical solution to the classical sharp interface model obtained using a Green's function approach. In two dimensions, we simulate dendritic growth of nickel with four-fold anisotropy and investigate the effect of the level of anisotropy on the growth of a dendrite. The quantitative behavior of the phase field model is evaluated for varying interface thickness and spatial and temporal resolution. We find quantitatively that the results depend on the interface thickness and with the simple numerical scheme employed it is not practical to do computations with an interface that is sufficiently thin for the numerical solution to accurately represent a sharp interface model. However, even with a relatively thick interface the results from the phase field model show many of the features of dendritic growth and they are in surprisingly good quantitative agreement with the Ivantsov solution and microscopic solvability theory.
C1 UNIV BRISTOL,SCH MATH,BRISTOL BS8 1TW,AVON,ENGLAND.
RP WHEELER, AA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 30
TC 286
Z9 319
U1 1
U2 28
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-2789
J9 PHYSICA D
JI Physica D
PD JUN 30
PY 1993
VL 66
IS 1-2
BP 243
EP 262
DI 10.1016/0167-2789(93)90242-S
PG 20
WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical
SC Mathematics; Physics
GA LM898
UT WOS:A1993LM89800027
ER

PT J
AU CHRISTY, AA
   LIANG, YZ
   HUI, C
   KVALHEIM, OM
   VELAPOLDI, RA
AF CHRISTY, AA
   LIANG, YZ
   HUI, C
   KVALHEIM, OM
   VELAPOLDI, RA
TI EFFECT OF PARTICLE-SIZE ON DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE INFRARED-SPECTRA OF
   POLYSTYRENE SPHERES
SO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
DE INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; KUBELKA-MUNK THEORY;
   PARTICLE SIZE; POWDERS; POLYSTYRENE SPHERES
ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; PRESSURE
AB Particle size and its distribution in powdered samples presents potential problems for accurate measurement in diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry. Applications of the Kubelka-Munk theory to calculate the infrared spectrum from diffuse reflectance data assumes that the sample is a continuous medium. Particle size is not accounted for in the transformation. However, powdered samples of the same concentrations but with different particle sizes give different diffuse reflectance spectra. A qualitative interpretation of the effects of particle size on the diffuse reflectance spectra was made by measuring different concentrations of mixtures of potassium bromide and polystyrene spheres with defined diameters. Principal component analysis was used to show the differences in the intensities of absorption with particle size variation. Spectral similarity (or dissimilarity) of the polystyrene spheres as a function of diameter was easy to compare using the score plots of the multivariate data. Additionally, the linearity of the Kubelka-Munk function was tested for three different particle sizes and concentrations. The Kubelka-Munk seems to be linear for lower concentrations. Deviation from Kubelka-Munk function starts at an early stage for the smaller particles.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CHRISTY, AA (reprint author), UNIV BERGEN,DEPT CHEM,N-5007 BERGEN,NORWAY.
NR 19
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-2031
J9 VIB SPECTROSC
JI Vib. Spectrosc.
PD JUN 30
PY 1993
VL 5
IS 2
BP 233
EP 244
DI 10.1016/0924-2031(93)87073-3
PG 12
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy
SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy
GA LN051
UT WOS:A1993LN05100009
ER

PT J
AU SANTORO, A
AF SANTORO, A
TI DESCRIPTION OF LAYERED STRUCTURES - APPLICATIONS TO HIGH-T(C)
   SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON REGULARITIES, CLASSIFICATIONS AND PREDICTION
   OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
CY APR 13-15, 1992
CL CTR CULTURA SCI A VOLTA, COMO, ITALY
SP USN, OFF NAVAL RES EUROPEAN OFF, IBM ITALY, EUROPEAN INST TECHNOL, ICSU, COMM DATA SCI & TECHNOL, UNIV TOKYO, UNIV TORINO, NIST, CNR, ASM INT
HO CTR CULTURA SCI A VOLTA
ID OXIDES; SEARCH
AB The layered structures of the known superconducting copper oxides can be described in terms of alternating slices having the rock salt and perovskite structure. Each slice is made up of a number of layers and each layer can be represented by specifying its chemical composition and its atomic configuration. This layer by layer representation of the crystal structures of oxide superconductors offers a convenient method for classifying and comparing to one another these important materials, and for predicting new compounds which may exhibit interesting electronic properties.
RP SANTORO, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD JUN 29
PY 1993
VL 197
IS 2
BP 153
EP 158
DI 10.1016/0925-8388(93)90038-O
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA LK231
UT WOS:A1993LK23100006
ER

PT J
AU BENNETT, LH
   WATSON, RE
AF BENNETT, LH
   WATSON, RE
TI LOCAL ATOMIC ENVIRONMENTS OF HARD MAGNETS, METALLIC GLASSES, AND
   ICOSAHEDRAL PHASES
SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON REGULARITIES, CLASSIFICATIONS AND PREDICTION
   OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
CY APR 13-15, 1992
CL CTR CULTURA SCI A VOLTA, COMO, ITALY
SP USN, OFF NAVAL RES EUROPEAN OFF, IBM ITALY, EUROPEAN INST TECHNOL, ICSU, COMM DATA SCI & TECHNOL, UNIV TOKYO, UNIV TORINO, NIST, CNR, ASM INT
HO CTR CULTURA SCI A VOLTA
ID DISCLINATIONS; ALLOYS; ANISOTROPIES; SYMMETRY
AB Voronoi polyhedra furnish a useful measure of the local environment of an atom, including a description of the site symmetry of the atom, and a catalog of what atoms constitute its nearest neighbors. A modified Voronoi construction also accounts for the relative sizes of the various atoms. Several applications of such polyhedra are presented, including magnetic moments and anisotropies in hard magnets, polymorphism in metallic glasses, local environments in quasicrystals, and supersymmetry in alphaMn.
C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973.
RP BENNETT, LH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 27
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0925-8388
J9 J ALLOY COMPD
JI J. Alloy. Compd.
PD JUN 29
PY 1993
VL 197
IS 2
BP 271
EP 280
DI 10.1016/0925-8388(93)90047-Q
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
GA LK231
UT WOS:A1993LK23100015
ER

PT J
AU COPLEY, JRD
   MICHEL, KH
AF COPLEY, JRD
   MICHEL, KH
TI NEUTRON AND X-RAY-SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS OF ORIENTATIONALLY
   DISORDERED SOLID C-60
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
LA English
DT Article
ID PLASTIC MOLECULAR-CRYSTALS; ORDERING TRANSITION; C-60; DYNAMICS; CARBON;
   ENERGY; STATE
AB Differential cross sections for neutron and x-ray scattering have been derived for the orientationally disordered phase of solid C60. Interaction centres are placed at nuclei and at the centres of interatomic bonds. Bragg and diffuse scattering cross sections, for single crystals and for powders, are formulated using symmetry-adapted rotator functions. Thermal averages are calculated taking account of crystal field effects. Thermally averaged orientational distribution functions have also been calculated.
C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT PHYS,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM.
RP COPLEY, JRD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 42
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 1
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0953-8984
J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT
JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter
PD JUN 28
PY 1993
VL 5
IS 26
BP 4353
EP 4370
DI 10.1088/0953-8984/5/26/008
PG 18
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LK741
UT WOS:A1993LK74100008
ER

PT J
AU LEDBETTER, H
AF LEDBETTER, H
TI DYNAMIC VS STATIC YOUNG MODULI - A CASE-STUDY
SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
   MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
LA English
DT Letter
AB For one material, a 316LN austenitic steel, a comparison is made between the Young's modulus measured statically with usual commercial equipment and that measured dynamically at megahertz frequencies. The first gives a +/- 6% uncertainty; the second a +/- 0.5% uncertainty. The two Young's moduli, 207 GPa (static) and 202 GPa (dynamic), agree within the statistical bounds of the static measurement, 195 GPa and 219 GPa, the extreme static values being 178 GPa and 229 GPa. Simple thermodynamics that shows the difference between dynamic and static elastic constants is also presented.
RP LEDBETTER, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 4
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0921-5093
J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT
JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process.
PD JUN 25
PY 1993
VL 165
IS 1
BP L9
EP L10
DI 10.1016/0921-5093(93)90634-Q
PG 2
WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary;
   Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy &
   Metallurgical Engineering
GA LL044
UT WOS:A1993LL04400013
ER

PT J
AU MA, YF
   WU, ZK
   FURR, HC
   LAMMIKEEFE, C
   CRAFT, NE
AF MA, YF
   WU, ZK
   FURR, HC
   LAMMIKEEFE, C
   CRAFT, NE
TI FAST MINIMICROASSAY OF SERUM RETINOL (VITAMIN-A) BY CAPILLARY ZONE
   ELECTROPHORESIS WITH LASER-EXCITED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; FROZEN SERA; PLASMA; ACID
AB In this paper, we present a fast minimicroassay of serum vitamin A by capillary zone electrophoresis with laser-excited fluorescence detection. A 60 cm x 50 mum I.D. fused-silica capillary was used for the separation, and the polymer coating was burned off 20 cm from the cathodic end to form a detection window. The buffer system consisted of 50 mM sodium phosphate plus 10 mM sodium chloride at pH 7.8. A helium-cadmium laser set at 325 nm was used for excitation, and the fluorescence of the vitamin A-retinol-binding protein complex was monitored at 465 nm using a photodiode. The stray and scattered radiation were removed by two special filters. Using this system, about 8 nl of serum sample were injected for direct analysis without any sample preparation. The analysis time for each sample was less than 6 min, and subfemtomole levels of vitamin A in human or animal blood could be easily detected. Therefore, the method is potentially useful for finger-prick vitamin A analysis, especially for babies and young children.
C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06269.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP MA, YF (reprint author), NE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,DIV SCI,KIRKSVILLE,MO 63501, USA.
NR 27
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-4347
J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED
JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl.
PD JUN 23
PY 1993
VL 616
IS 1
BP 31
EP 37
DI 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80468-J
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LL225
UT WOS:A1993LL22500004
PM 8376490
ER

PT J
AU EARLY, EA
   CLARK, AF
   CHAR, K
AF EARLY, EA
   CLARK, AF
   CHAR, K
TI HALF-INTEGRAL CONSTANT VOLTAGE STEPS IN HIGH-TC GRAIN-BOUNDARY JUNCTIONS
SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID GIANT SHAPIRO STEPS; JOSEPHSON ARRAYS; WEAK LINKS; YBA2CU3O7
AB A novel effect from microwave radiation near 9.3 GHz applied to high-T(c) YBa2Cu3O7-delta single grain boundary junctions was observed. In addition to the usual Shapiro steps resulting from the ac Josephson effect, constant voltage steps with voltages halfway between the voltages of the Shapiro steps were present. The widths of these ''half-integral'' steps were measured as a function of microwave power, and the influence of a magnetic field was investigated. From previous results on high-T(c) grain boundary junctions and a comparison of the results presented here with single- and multiple-junction effects in low-T(c) materials, we conclude that the half-integral steps are likely to be a result of grain boundaries being composed of multiple junctions in parallel.
C1 CONDUCTUS INC,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086.
RP EARLY, EA (reprint author), NIST,MET B-258,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 25
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0003-6951
J9 APPL PHYS LETT
JI Appl. Phys. Lett.
PD JUN 21
PY 1993
VL 62
IS 25
BP 3357
EP 3359
DI 10.1063/1.109070
PG 3
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LH607
UT WOS:A1993LH60700046
ER

PT J
AU DOUGLAS, JF
   MCKENNA, GB
AF DOUGLAS, JF
   MCKENNA, GB
TI THE EFFECT OF SWELLING ON THE ELASTICITY OF RUBBER - LOCALIZATION MODEL
   DESCRIPTION
SO MACROMOLECULES
LA English
DT Article
ID CHARACTERIZED POLYBUTADIENE NETWORKS; FLORY-REHNER HYPOTHESIS;
   NATURAL-RUBBER; STRAIN; ENTANGLEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; SWOLLEN; CHAIN; STATE;
   DRY
AB The success of the localization model in describing the elasticity of unswollen natural rubber is reviewed and the model is extended to describe the elasticity of swollen networks. In contrast to the Frenkel-Flory-Rehner modeling of network elasticity, the localization model predicts that the mechanical response of swollen rubbers changes qualitatively in going from low to high cross-link densities. The implications of these predictions are discussed.
RP DOUGLAS, JF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013
OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930
NR 62
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0024-9297
J9 MACROMOLECULES
JI Macromolecules
PD JUN 21
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 13
BP 3282
EP 3288
DI 10.1021/ma00065a006
PG 7
WC Polymer Science
SC Polymer Science
GA LJ088
UT WOS:A1993LJ08800006
ER

PT J
AU PERLISKI, LM
   SOLOMON, S
AF PERLISKI, LM
   SOLOMON, S
TI ON THE EVALUATION OF AIR-MASS FACTORS FOR ATMOSPHERIC NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET
   AND VISIBLE ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; MCMURDO-STATION; NO2; ANTARCTICA; O-3
AB The interpretation of UV-visible twilight absorption measurements of atmospheric chemical constituents is dependent on how well the optical path, or air mass factor, of light collected by the spectrometer is understood. A simple single scattering model and a Monte Carlo radiative transfer scheme have been developed to study the effects of multiple scattering, aerosol scattering, surface albedo and refraction on air mass factors for scattered light observations. At fairly short visible wavelengths (less than about 450 nm), stratospheric air mass factors are found to be relatively insensitive to multiple scattering, surface albedo and refraction, as well as aerosol scattering by background aerosols. Longer wavelengths display greater sensitivity to refraction and aerosol scattering. Tropospheric air mass factors are found to be highly dependent on aerosol scattering, surface albedo and, at long visible wavelengths (about 650 nm), refraction. Absorption measurements of NO2 and O4 are shown to support these conclusions.
C1 NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
NR 27
TC 73
Z9 74
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D6
BP 10363
EP 10374
DI 10.1029/93JD00465
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ840
UT WOS:A1993LJ84000004
ER

PT J
AU QUINN, PK
   COVERT, DS
   BATES, TS
   KAPUSTIN, VN
   RAMSEYBELL, DC
   MCINNES, LM
AF QUINN, PK
   COVERT, DS
   BATES, TS
   KAPUSTIN, VN
   RAMSEYBELL, DC
   MCINNES, LM
TI DIMETHYLSULFIDE CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI CLIMATE SYSTEM - RELEVANT
   SIZE-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES OF
   ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ALBEDO; CYCLE;
   POLLUTION; SULFATE; IONS
AB Atmospheric aerosol particles resulting from the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) may have an impact on global climate if they result in an enhancement in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration and shortwave cloud albedo. To characterize and quantify relationships within the DMS/CCN/climate system, simultaneous measurements were made over the northeastern Pacific Ocean in April and May 1991 of particulate non-sea-salt sulfate, methanesulfonate, and ammonium mass size distributions, number size distributions of particles having diameters between 0.02 and 9.6 mum, CCN concentrations at 0.3% supersaturation, relative humidity, and temperature. Comparisons between particle mass and surface area indicate that non-sea-salt sulfate, methanesulfonate, and ammonium were not involved in new particle production on the 12- to 24-hour time scale of the measurements. Instead, high levels of available particulate surface area resulted in the condensation of the gas phase precursors onto existing aerosol. A doubling of non-sea-salt sulfate, methanesulfonate, and ammonium mass corresponded to a 40 to 50% increase in number in the accumulation mode size range. Likewise, a doubling of the non-sea-salt sulfate mass corresponded to a 40% increase in the CCN number concentration. As methanesulfonate made up a very small fraction of the soluble particulate mass, no correlations were found between methanesulfonate mass and CCN number. In a separate experiment, measurements were made of particulate non-sea-salt sulfate, methanesulfonate, and ammonium mass size distributions over the central Pacific Ocean during February 1991. The percent of methanesulfonate in the supermicrometer particle size fraction was greater in these samples than in those collected over coastal waters of the northeastern Pacific. In both regions the non-sea-salt sulfate mass size distributions were bimodal, while ammonium was found to be concentrated in larger accumulation mode particles.
C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST ATMOSPHER PHYS,MOSCOW,RUSSIA.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT CHEM,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
   UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195.
RP QUINN, PK (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016
OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895
NR 50
TC 95
Z9 96
U1 2
U2 10
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D6
BP 10411
EP 10427
DI 10.1029/93JD00467
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ840
UT WOS:A1993LJ84000008
ER

PT J
AU MLYNCZAK, MG
   SOLOMON, S
AF MLYNCZAK, MG
   SOLOMON, S
TI A DETAILED EVALUATION OF THE HEATING EFFICIENCY IN THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID NONLOCAL THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; LOWER
   THERMOSPHERE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; V3 MODE; OZONE;
   OH; O2; NIGHTGLOW
AB The conversion to heat of solar ultraviolet radiation absorbed by ozone and molecular oxygen in the terrestrial mesosphere and lower thermosphere occurs through a series of complex processes. Upon photolysis of the O3 or O2, significant amounts of chemical potential energy and atomic and molecular internal energy are generated. The disposition of the internal energy largely determines the rate at which the atmosphere is heated. In addition, the chemical energy is released subsequent to exothermic chemical reactions which may occur long after and far away from the location of photon deposition. Energy may be lost from the atmosphere by airglow from excited photolysis products or by chemiluminescent emission from product species of exothermic chemical reactions. In this paper we examine the role of airglow losses in reducing the efficiency of solar heating in the Hartley, Huggins, and Chappuis bands of ozone and in the Herzberg, Ly alpha, Schumann-Runge continuum, and Schumann-Runge bands of molecular oxygen. We also examine the role of heating due to seven chemical reactions and calculate the efficiencies for those reactions with significant chemiluminescent loss. Parameterizations of the heating efficiency that are readily applicable to numerical models are given for those processes with nonunit efficiencies. Results from the calculation of heating rates for individual processes indicate that the reaction of atomic hydrogen and ozone is potentially the largest single source of heat in the vicinity of the mesopause. However, significant improvement is still needed in the knowledge of the quenching and chemical reaction rates of vibrationally excited OH before the efficiency of this reaction can be confidently calculated. Our calculations also indicate that even under strong quenching, most of the OH is in vibrationally excited form above 85-90 km. Finally, the bulk heating efficiency due to the combination of solar and chemical heating is calculated. The calculated bulk efficiencies demonstrate that airglow and chemiluminescent emission significantly reduce the amount of energy available for heat throughout the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP MLYNCZAK, MG (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MAIL STOP 401B,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA.
RI Mlynczak, Martin/K-3396-2012
NR 79
TC 190
Z9 191
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D6
BP 10517
EP 10541
DI 10.1029/93JD00315
PG 25
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ840
UT WOS:A1993LJ84000017
ER

PT J
AU WINNINGHAM, JD
   SHARBER, JR
   FRAHM, RA
   BURCH, JL
   EAKER, N
   BLACK, RK
   BLEVINS, VA
   ANDREWS, JP
   RUDZKI, J
   SABLIK, MJ
   CHENETTE, DL
   DATLOWE, DW
   GAINES, EE
   IMHOF, WI
   NIGHTINGALE, RW
   REAGAN, JB
   ROBINSON, RM
   SCHUMAKER, TL
   SHELLEY, EG
   VONDRAK, RR
   VOSS, HD
   BYTHROW, PF
   ANDERSON, BJ
   POTEMRA, TA
   ZANETTI, LJ
   HOLLAND, DB
   REES, MH
   LUMMERZHEIM, D
   REID, GC
   ROBLE, RG
   CLAUER, CR
   BANKS, PM
AF WINNINGHAM, JD
   SHARBER, JR
   FRAHM, RA
   BURCH, JL
   EAKER, N
   BLACK, RK
   BLEVINS, VA
   ANDREWS, JP
   RUDZKI, J
   SABLIK, MJ
   CHENETTE, DL
   DATLOWE, DW
   GAINES, EE
   IMHOF, WI
   NIGHTINGALE, RW
   REAGAN, JB
   ROBINSON, RM
   SCHUMAKER, TL
   SHELLEY, EG
   VONDRAK, RR
   VOSS, HD
   BYTHROW, PF
   ANDERSON, BJ
   POTEMRA, TA
   ZANETTI, LJ
   HOLLAND, DB
   REES, MH
   LUMMERZHEIM, D
   REID, GC
   ROBLE, RG
   CLAUER, CR
   BANKS, PM
TI THE UARS PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT MONITOR
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRONS; PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT; NITROGEN
AB The overall objective of the particle environment monitor (PEM) is to provide comprehensive measurements of both local and global energy inputs into the Earth's atmosphere by charged particles and Joule dissipation using a carefully integrated set of instruments. PEM consists of four instruments: the atmospheric X ray imaging spectrometer (AXIS), the high-energy particle spectrometer (HEPS), the medium-energy particle spectrometer (MEPS), and the vector magnetometer (VMAG). AXIS provides global scale images and energy spectra of 3- to 100-keV bremsstrahlung X rays produced by electron precipitation into the atmosphere. HEPS and MEPS provide in situ measurements of precipitating electrons in the energy range from 1 eV to 5 MeV and protons in the energy range from 1 eV to 150 MeV. Particles in this energy range deposit their energy in the atmosphere at altitudes extending from several hundred kilometers down to as low as approximately 30 km. VMAG provides the magnetic field direction needed to indicate and interpret the locations and intensities of ionospheric and field-aligned currents as well as providing a reference for the particle measurements. This paper describes each instrument separately and also in the context of the PEM objectives which include the determination of energy deposition and ionization production rates as functions of altitude. Examples of data acquired early in the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) mission are presented.
C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20707.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109.
   LOCKHEED PALO ALTO RES LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304.
   UNIV ALASKA,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
RP WINNINGHAM, JD (reprint author), SW RES INST,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228, USA.
RI Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012
NR 31
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D6
BP 10649
EP 10666
DI 10.1029/93JD00461
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ840
UT WOS:A1993LJ84000026
ER

PT J
AU RUSSELL, JM
   GORDLEY, LL
   PARK, JH
   DRAYSON, SR
   HESKETH, WD
   CICERONE, RJ
   TUCK, AF
   FREDERICK, JE
   HARRIES, JE
   CRUTZEN, PJ
AF RUSSELL, JM
   GORDLEY, LL
   PARK, JH
   DRAYSON, SR
   HESKETH, WD
   CICERONE, RJ
   TUCK, AF
   FREDERICK, JE
   HARRIES, JE
   CRUTZEN, PJ
TI THE HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
LA English
DT Article
ID OZONE
AB The Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) was launched on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) spacecraft September 12, 1991, and after a period of outgassing, it began science observations October 11. The experiment uses solar occultation to measure vertical profiles of O3, HCl, HF, CH4, H2O, NO, NO2, aerosol extinction, and temperature versus pressure with an instantaneous vertical field of view of 1.6 km at the Earth limb. Latitudinal coverage is from 80-degrees-S to 80-degrees-N over the course of 1 year and includes extensive observations of the Antarctic region during spring. The altitude range of the measurements extends from about 15 km to almost-equal-to 60-130 km, depending on channel. Experiment operations have been essentially flawless, and all performance criteria either meet or exceed specifications. Internal data consistency checks, comparisons with correlative measurements, and qualitative comparisons with 1985 atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) results are in good agreement. Examples of pressure versus latitude cross sections and a global orthographic projection for the September 21 to October 15, 1992, period show the utility of CH4, HF, and H2O as tracers, the occurrence of dehydration in the Antarctic lower stratosphere, the presence of the water vapor hygropause in the tropics, evidence of Antarctic air in the tropics, the influence of Hadley tropical upwelling, and the first global distribution of HCl, HF, and NO throughout the stratosphere. Nitric oxide measurements extend through the lower thermosphere.
C1 GATS INC,HAMPTON,VA.
   UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
   SPACE TEC VENTURES INC,HAMPTON,VA.
   UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE,CA 92717.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637.
   RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND.
   MAX PLANCK INST CHEM,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY.
RP RUSSELL, JM (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,MAIL STOP 401B,HAMPTON,VA 23651, USA.
RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012
OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; 
NR 16
TC 679
Z9 686
U1 0
U2 15
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 98
IS D6
BP 10777
EP 10797
DI 10.1029/93JD00799
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ840
UT WOS:A1993LJ84000034
ER

PT J
AU GALLAWA, RL
AF GALLAWA, RL
TI COMPLEX PROPAGATION CONSTANTS FOR NONUNIFORM OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES -
   CALCULATIONS
SO MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE ATTENUATION; COMPLEX INDEX OF REFRACTION; OPTICAL ATTENUATION; GALERKIN
   METHOD; LOSS; OPTICAL FIBER; STATIONARY VALUES
AB A method of calculating the complex propagation constant of a planar optical waveguide under very general but weakly guiding conditions is derived. The method, based on Galerkin's formalism using Hermite-Gaussian basis functions, allows a nonuniform and complex refractive index profile. The real and imaginary parts of the index are allowed to vary independently and arbitrarily as a function of position. The planar waveguide is used so the results can be compared with exact solutions. The method is more general than this, however, and can be used with any geometry. The results are inherently stationary.
RP GALLAWA, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0895-2477
J9 MICROW OPT TECHN LET
JI Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 8
BP 490
EP 493
DI 10.1002/mop.4650060811
PG 4
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics
SC Engineering; Optics
GA LD127
UT WOS:A1993LD12700010
ER

PT J
AU LIPUS, K
   URBAN, W
   EVENSON, KM
   BROWN, JM
AF LIPUS, K
   URBAN, W
   EVENSON, KM
   BROWN, JM
TI LASER MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE NID RADICAL IN THE
   FAR-INFRARED AND MIDINFRARED
SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ROTATIONAL ANALYSIS; GROUND-STATE; FARADAY-LMR; TRANSITIONS; PARAMETERS;
   MOLECULES
AB The rotational spectrum of NiD in the lowest three vibrational levels (v = 0, 1, 2) of its ground 2DELTA state has been studied by far-infrared laser magnetic resonance (LMR). Transitions have been detected for all five isotopes of nickel and within both the lower  2DELTA5/2 and upper 2DELTA3/2 spin components. The nuclear hyperfine splittings for the Ni-61 isotope (I = 3/2) have been resolved. An effective Hamiltonian has been used to fit the data which include the known vibration-rotational transitions within the 2DELTA5/2(v = 1 <-- v = 0) subsystem and a fine structure transition in the v = 0 level of the 2DELTA ground state, recently measured by CO2 LMR. From a parity splitting of the rotational transition within the X 2DELTA3/2 spin component we have determined the first LAMBDA-type doubling parameter for the X 2DELTA ground state. A set of molecular parameters for NiD in the 2DELTA ground state of NiD is given which allows a comparison with the parameter set for the well known NiH radical.
C1 NBS,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   PHYS CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND.
RP LIPUS, K (reprint author), UNIV BONN,INST ANGEW PHYS,WEGELERSTR 8,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY.
NR 22
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0026-8976
J9 MOL PHYS
JI Mol. Phys.
PD JUN 20
PY 1993
VL 79
IS 3
BP 571
EP 587
DI 10.1080/00268979300101461
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LK914
UT WOS:A1993LK91400010
ER

PT J
AU STRONG, AE
   STOWE, LL
AF STRONG, AE
   STOWE, LL
TI COMPARING STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS FROM EL-CHICHON AND MOUNT-PINATUBO
   USING AVHRR DATA
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID CLOUD
AB One of the key factors in assessing the climatic impact of the Mount Pinatubo eruption of June 15, 1991, is the relative size of this eruption as it compares with other eruptions. As a first approximation, the climatic changes observed after those earlier eruptions can be used to predict the changes to be expected from the more recent eruption. Ideally this intercomparison should be done with a common measurement system. Data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the NOAA polar orbiting environmental satellite can be used to compare the optical properties of the aerosol layer produced by the two most recent major volcanic eruptions, El            Chichon, early-April 1982, and Mount Pinatubo, mid-June 1991. In this paper, we use the error introduced            into the multi-channel sea surface temperature (MCSST)      fields by the volcanically-produced stratospheric aerosol layer to make a relative comparison of the size of the two eruptions. We also use aerosol optical thickness (AOT) estimates from the visible reflectance channel of the AVHRR to verify that the MCSST errors are indeed related to aerosol particle concentration in the stratosphere. During the first three months following both eruptions, these comparisons reveal that Mount Pinatubo introduced slightly less than twice (1.6 to 1.9) the amount of aerosol into the stratosphere as El Chichon.
C1 NOAA,NESDIS,SATELLITE RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RI Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 18
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 12
BP 1183
EP 1186
DI 10.1029/93GL01519
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LL288
UT WOS:A1993LL28800019
ER

PT J
AU MILLS, MJ
   LANGFORD, AO
   OLEARY, TJ
   ARPAG, K
   MILLER, HL
   PROFFITT, MH
   SANDERS, RW
   SOLOMON, S
AF MILLS, MJ
   LANGFORD, AO
   OLEARY, TJ
   ARPAG, K
   MILLER, HL
   PROFFITT, MH
   SANDERS, RW
   SOLOMON, S
TI ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AND NITROGEN-DIOXIDE
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; OZONE; CONVERSION; MODEL; N2O5; NO2
AB Observations of the stratospheric NO2 column amount over the Colorado mountains during January, February, and March, 1992 are compared to concurrent lidar measurements. During this period, large aerosol amounts due to the volcanic material injected into the stratosphere by Mt. Pinatubo were observed over Colorado. The observed NO2 column displays a strong anti-correlation with increasing amounts of stratospheric aerosol near 25-30 km for relatively low aerosol loadings. At higher aerosol loadings, the NO2 response appears to saturate, displaying little further reduction. The reasons for the altitude dependence of this relationship are probed with a one-dimensional stratospheric model, and it is shown that such a saturation response is to be expected for conditions where the heterogeneous reaction between N2O5 and H2O dominates the NO(x) chemistry, as in Prather [1992). The results therefore provide evidence that heterogeneous reactions influence the chemical composition of the mid-latitude stratosphere, and in the general manner predicted by theory.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP MILLS, MJ (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 S BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Miller, Henry/D-7628-2013; Mills,
   Michael/B-5068-2010
OI Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Miller, Henry/0000-0002-7155-8314;
   Mills, Michael/0000-0002-8054-1346
NR 23
TC 45
Z9 45
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 18
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 12
BP 1187
EP 1190
DI 10.1029/93GL01124
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LL288
UT WOS:A1993LL28800020
ER

PT J
AU TUCK, AF
   RUSSELL, JM
   HARRIES, JE
AF TUCK, AF
   RUSSELL, JM
   HARRIES, JE
TI STRATOSPHERIC DRYNESS - ANTIPHASED DESICCATION OVER MICRONESIA AND
   ANTARCTICA
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID WATER-VAPOR; LATE WINTER; LIMS
AB HALOE observations of water vapor and methane during the period 21 September - 15 October 1992 are used to examine the role of Antarctic drying in the lower stratosphere. Zonal mean cross-sections of [2 CH4 + H2O] show the probability of transport of Antarctic type dryness to latitudes as distant as 20-degrees-N, with major water vapor deficits evident between 10 and 100 mb to 10-degrees-S. Examination of monthly mean tropical 100 mb temperatures and of Antarctic temperatures suggests that the observations are consistent with stratospheric dryness being achieved by the combined effects of tropopause freeze-drying over the Micronesia region during northern winter and drying through the influence of the very low temperatures over Antarctica during southern winter. This paper presents these intriguing new results, and offers a possible explanation.
C1 NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665.
   RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND.
RP TUCK, AF (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011
OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538
NR 17
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 18
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 12
BP 1227
EP 1230
DI 10.1029/93GL00824
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LL288
UT WOS:A1993LL28800030
ER

PT J
AU TUCK, AF
   HOVDE, SJ
   KELLY, KK
   RUSSELL, JM
   WEBSTER, CR
   MAY, RD
AF TUCK, AF
   HOVDE, SJ
   KELLY, KK
   RUSSELL, JM
   WEBSTER, CR
   MAY, RD
TI INTERCOMPARISON OF HALOE AND ER-2 AIRCRAFT H2O AND CH4 OBSERVATIONS
   COLLECTED DURING THE 2ND AIRBORNE ARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC EXPERIMENT
   (AASE-II)
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
AB HALOE observations of H2O and CH4 are compared with in situ techniques aboard the ER-2 aircraft during the northern winter of 1991/92, in particular for the dates 911208, 920108, 920217, 920222 and 920320 when the spatial coincidences are close, within +/-1-degrees latitude and +/-12-degrees longitude. The temporal coincidence is within 4 hours. The version 9 retrievals of HALOE profiles are used, since they contain a self-consistent aerosol correction. The results reveal the limitations of comparing high resolution in situ aircraft data with a remote sounding limb scanner. Of the 5 comparison dates, 3 had HALOE/ER-2 coincidences which occurred near the edge of the Arctic vortex (911208, 920108, 920217); the vertical variability in the HALOE results and the horizontal variability in the ER-2 observations on these days show that the vortex edge is not a region where exact agreement can be expected except by chance. On a 4th comparison date, there was substantial overlap away from the vortex edge, although for some species the aircraft data show considerable variability near the coincidence point. On the 5th comparison date, the ER-2 had no overlap in altitude with the lowest HALOE observations; however, a short linear interpolation over approximately 1 km altitude results in smooth composite profiles. Generally speaking the agreement between HALOE and the ER-2 at overlap altitudes is about 12% in the case of water vapor, which shows low horizontal and vertical variability. The difference was shown to contain atmospheric variability in one case by using the HALOE viewpath superimposed on a potential vorticity map to to examine a pair of HALOE observations straddling the coincidence point in longitude. The agreement for methane, with limited data having altitude overlap, is better than 6%.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665.
   JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011
OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538
NR 4
TC 5
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 18
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 12
BP 1243
EP 1246
DI 10.1029/93GL00825
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LL288
UT WOS:A1993LL28800034
ER

PT J
AU SONG, S
   CLARK, RA
   BOWDEN, EF
   TARLOV, MJ
AF SONG, S
   CLARK, RA
   BOWDEN, EF
   TARLOV, MJ
TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOCHROME-C ALKANETHIOLATE STRUCTURES PREPARED BY
   SELF-ASSEMBLY ON GOLD
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Review
ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-TRANSFER COMPLEX; TIN OXIDE
   ELECTRODES; DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY; AC POLAROGRAPHY; REDOX REACTION;
   ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; FARADAIC IMPEDANCE; SILVER ELECTRODE; 3FE-4S
   CLUSTERS
AB Composite monolayer structures comprised of cytochrome c strongly adsorbed to alkanethiolate self-assembled (SA) monolayers on sputter-deposited gold film electrodes, i.e., cyt c/HOOC(CH2)(n)S/Au (n = 5,10,15), were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monolayer coverage of cytochrome c in a stable, functional, electroactive state was obtained in neutral phosphate buffer of low ionic strength for the thickest film (n = 15). Somewhat lower electroactive coverages were generally observed with the thinner SA monolayers (n = 5, 10). XPS revealed similar total coverage of adsorbed cytochrome c on all of the monolayers, however, suggesting the presence of some cytochrome c in a nonelectroactive conformation on the two thinner monolayers. The voltammetric responses were well-behaved and reasonably ideal although evidence for some dispersion of the formal potential value was apparent that is attributed in part to defect sites in the SA monolayer. The surface formal potential of cytochrome c, +215 mV vs NHE, is nearly identical to values previously reported for cytochrome c bound to physiological membranes. Electron transfer within the cyt c/HOOC(CH2)15S/Au structure appears to be strongly nonadiabatic, with a rate constant (k(et)-degrees) of 0.4 s-1, a postulated electron-transfer distance of ca. 28 angstrom, and a tunneling decay factor (beta) of 1.0 angstrom-1. The reorganization energy for electron transfer was estimated to be 0.35 (+/-0.15) eV. The potential usefulness of these composite monolayers for investigating biological electron transfer is highlighted.
C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 104
TC 422
Z9 428
U1 7
U2 86
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUN 17
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 24
BP 6564
EP 6572
DI 10.1021/j100126a037
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LH120
UT WOS:A1993LH12000037
ER

PT J
AU TARLOV, MJ
   BURGESS, DRF
   GILLEN, G
AF TARLOV, MJ
   BURGESS, DRF
   GILLEN, G
TI UV PHOTOPATTERNING OF ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS SELF-ASSEMBLED ON GOLD
   AND SILVER
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Note
ID STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANIC-SURFACES
RP TARLOV, MJ (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 15
TC 349
Z9 349
U1 3
U2 20
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0002-7863
J9 J AM CHEM SOC
JI J. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD JUN 16
PY 1993
VL 115
IS 12
BP 5305
EP 5306
DI 10.1021/ja00065a056
PG 2
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA LH977
UT WOS:A1993LH97700056
ER

PT J
AU BOWERS, GN
   FASSETT, JD
   WHITE, E
AF BOWERS, GN
   FASSETT, JD
   WHITE, E
TI ISOTOPE-DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND THE NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; TOTAL SERUM-CHOLESTEROL;
   BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; LITHIUM;
   NICKEL
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,CHEM A317,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP BOWERS, GN (reprint author), HARTFORD HOSP,CLIN CHEM LAB,80 SEYMOUR ST,HARTFORD,CT 06115, USA.
NR 59
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 65
IS 12
BP R475
EP R479
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LG131
UT WOS:A1993LG13100045
PM 8333621
ER

PT J
AU SHIH, A
   COWAN, PL
   SOUTHWORTH, S
   FOTIADIS, L
   HOR, C
   KARLIN, B
   MOORE, F
   DOBISZ, E
   DIETRICH, H
AF SHIH, A
   COWAN, PL
   SOUTHWORTH, S
   FOTIADIS, L
   HOR, C
   KARLIN, B
   MOORE, F
   DOBISZ, E
   DIETRICH, H
TI LATTICE POSITION OF SI IN GAAS DETERMINED BY X-RAY STANDING-WAVE
   MEASUREMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINE; HIGH-ENERGY-RESOLUTION; SILICON;
   IMPLANTATION; DIFFUSION
AB The x-ray standing wave (XSW) technique was applied to determine the lattice location of Si impurity atoms in GaAs(100) crystals. The synchrotron radiation of X24A at the national synchrotron light source was utilized to set up backreflection XSW, an experimental geometry which drastically relaxes the otherwise stringent requirement on the lattice perfection. Specifically, the lattice sites were determined with respect to the [311] reflection planes which differentiate a Ga site from an As site. With the aid of an appropriate choice of the x-ray fluorescence filter, we were able to study GaAs(100) samples with very low levels of Si impurities. On a sample doped with 4 X 10(18) cm-3 Si during the molecular-beam epitaxy growth, we found that the Si atoms predominantly occupied the Ga sites. On both an ion-implanted sample after annealing and a sample with Si impurities introduced by thermal diffusion, about 30% of the Si atoms occupied the Ga sites, and the rest occupied random sites. The As site occupation was less than 6%. Suggestions are made for further experiments with improved sensitivity.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
   USA,ELECTR COMMAND,FT MONMOUTH,NJ 07703.
   BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973.
   WHITMAN COLL,DEPT PHYS,WALLA WALLA,WA 99362.
RP SHIH, A (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA.
NR 24
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 73
IS 12
BP 8161
EP 8168
DI 10.1063/1.353430
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LH229
UT WOS:A1993LH22900021
ER

PT J
AU KIM, JS
   SEILER, DG
   TSENG, WF
AF KIM, JS
   SEILER, DG
   TSENG, WF
TI MULTICARRIER CHARACTERIZATION METHOD FOR EXTRACTING MOBILITIES AND
   CARRIER DENSITIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS FROM VARIABLE MAGNETIC-FIELD
   MEASUREMENTS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON MOBILITIES
AB A simple, practical method is described to extract. the carrier concentration and mobility of each component of a multicarrier semiconductor system (which may be either a homogeneous or multilayered structure) from variable magnetic field measurements. Advantages of the present method are mainly due to the inclusion of both the longitudinal and transverse components of the conductivity tensor and normalization of these quantities with respect to the zero-field longitudinal component of the conductivity tensor. This method also provides a simple, direct criterion by which one can easily determine whether the material under test is associated with a one-carrier or multicarrier conduction. The method is demonstrated for a simple one-carrier system [GaAs single-channel high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) structure] and two multicarrier systems (an InGaAs-GaAs double-channel HEMT structure and two types of carriers present in an InGaAs single-channel HEMT structure). The analysis of the experimental data obtained on these samples demonstrates the utility of the method presented here for extracting carrier concentrations and mobilities in advanced semiconductor structures.
RP KIM, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 26
TC 60
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 73
IS 12
BP 8324
EP 8335
DI 10.1063/1.353424
PG 12
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LH229
UT WOS:A1993LH22900044
ER

PT J
AU VETRONE, J
   CHUNG, YW
   CAVICCHI, R
   SEMANCIK, S
AF VETRONE, J
   CHUNG, YW
   CAVICCHI, R
   SEMANCIK, S
TI ROLE OF INITIAL CONDUCTANCE AND GAS-PRESSURE ON THE CONDUCTANCE RESPONSE
   OF SINGLE-CRYSTAL SNO2 THIN-FILMS TO H-2, O2, AND CO
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID TIN OXIDE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SENSORS; RESISTIVITY; MODEL; H2
AB Gas-induced conductance changes were measured on palladium-dosed single-crystal tin oxide (SnO2) thin films having well-characterized surface properties. Films were fabricated using two methods: reactive sputtering and chemical vapor deposition. Film orientation and crystal structure were determined by x-ray diffraction, while surface morphology was characterized using atomic force microscopy. Conductance changes were measured continuously on film surfaces during alternating exposure and evacuation cycles to partial pressures of H-2, O2, and CO in a vacuum chamber. The conductance change was found to be proportional to the square root of the initial film conductance and was interpreted in terms of gas-induced changes in the width of a near-surface space-charge layer. The variation of conductance as a function of gas pressure during alternating exposure and evacuation cycles of H-2 and O2 is consistent with a model that involves surface reactions between coadsorbates.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV PROC MEASUREMENTS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP VETRONE, J (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,MCCORMICK SCH ENGN & APPL SCI,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA.
RI Chung, Yip-Wah/B-7506-2009
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 73
IS 12
BP 8371
EP 8376
DI 10.1063/1.353404
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LH229
UT WOS:A1993LH22900051
ER

PT J
AU PRICE, SD
   ROGERS, SA
   LEONE, SR
AF PRICE, SD
   ROGERS, SA
   LEONE, SR
TI CHARGE-TRANSFER AND COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION REACTIONS OF OCS2+
   AND CO2(2+) WITH THE RARE-GASES AT A LABORATORY COLLISION ENERGY OF 49
   EV
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; PHOTO-IONIZATION; 30.4 NM; IONS;
   SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOIONIZATION; COINCIDENCE; SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRON
AB Product channels for the reactions of OCS2+ and CO22+ with each of the rare gases are determined at a laboratory collision energy of 49 eV. A beam of dications is generated using electron impact ionization and mass selection by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The dication beam is focused into a collision region and reaction products are monitored using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In addition to rare gas ions, we observe S+, CO+, and OCS+ as products from the reaCtionS of OCS2+; O+, CO+, and CO2+ are detected as products from reactions of CO22+. The relative yields of these product ions are measured directly. For both dications, the total reaction cross section increases dramatically as the collision partner is varied from He to Xe. OCS2+ reacts with He and Ne almost exclusively by collision-induced dissociation, while Ar, Kr, and Xe react predominantly by charge transfer. The charge transfer reaction of OCS2+ with Ar populates the stable ground state of the OCS+ ion, while reactions with Kr and Xe populate dissociative electronic states of OCS+ resulting in the formation of S+ ions. CO22+ reacts with He principally by collision-induced dissociation. Charge transfer reactions occur when CO22+ reacts with Ne and Ar, and these reactions populate stable states of CO2+. Kr and Xe react with CO22+ principally by charge transfer, forming unstable states of CO2+ ion which dissociate to give O+ or CO+ ions. The variations in charge transfer reactivity are modeled successfully using Landau-Zener theory.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP PRICE, SD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Price, Stephen/C-2398-2008
NR 48
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 12
BP 9455
EP 9465
DI 10.1063/1.464377
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG101
UT WOS:A1993LG10100025
ER

PT J
AU OLTHOFF, JK
   STRICKLETT, KL
   VANBRUNT, RJ
   MOORE, JH
   TOSSELL, JA
   SAUERS, I
AF OLTHOFF, JK
   STRICKLETT, KL
   VANBRUNT, RJ
   MOORE, JH
   TOSSELL, JA
   SAUERS, I
TI DISSOCIATIVE ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT TO S2F10, S2OF10, AND S2O2F10
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; DISULFUR DECAFLUORIDE; GAS-PHASE; SF6;
   ENERGIES; DECOMPOSITION; MONOCHROMATOR; HEXAFLUORIDE; MOLECULES
AB The absolute cross sections for dissociative electron attachment to the molecules S2F10, S2OF10, and S2O2F10 were measured in an electron transmission experiment. The corresponding negative-ion fragments were identified in a separate mass spectrometric measurement. For S2F10, the attachment of thermal electrons (energy less than 0.1 eV) appears to result primarily in the formation of F- and SF5- with possibly a small fraction of SF4- and SF6-. The ions F-and SF5- are also produced from two attachment resonances at electron energies of about 4.5 and 9.5 eV. Both S2OF10 and S2O2F10 have unusually large dissociative attachment am sections (on the order of 10(-12) cm2) at energies near 0.1 eV. Electron attachment to S2OF10 yields primarily SOF5-, while S2O2F10 yields both SF5- an SOF5- with possible minor fractions of F-and SOF3-. Self-consistent-field calculations have been carried out on the neutral molecules and the corresponding anions to aid in the description of the observed dissociative attachment.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
RP OLTHOFF, JK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECTR ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 52
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 12
BP 9466
EP 9471
DI 10.1063/1.464378
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG101
UT WOS:A1993LG10100026
ER

PT J
AU BASTIAN, MJ
   LAUENSTEIN, CP
   BIERBAUM, VM
   LEONE, SR
AF BASTIAN, MJ
   LAUENSTEIN, CP
   BIERBAUM, VM
   LEONE, SR
TI SINGLE-FREQUENCY LASER PROBING OF VELOCITY COMPONENT CORRELATIONS AND
   TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES OF BA+ DRIFTING IN AR
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID GASEOUS ION-TRANSPORT; TRANSFORM DOPPLER SPECTROSCOPY; INDUCED
   FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; CLOSED-SHELL IONS; 3-TEMPERATURE THEORY;
   REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPEED DISTRIBUTIONS;
   ELECTRIC-FIELDS; ALKALI IONS
AB Velocity distributions for Ba+ ions drifting in argon under the influence of an external electric field are measured at directions of 0-degrees, 45-degrees, and 90-degrees with respect to the electric field using single frequency laser-induced fluorescence probing. Values for the reduced mobility, translational temperatures (second central moments), skewness (third central moment), and excess (fourth central moment) are presented as a function of field strength up to E/N values of 201 Td, which corresponds to a mean Ba+/Ar center-of-mass collision energy of 0.371 +/- 0.038 eV. Maxima are observed in both the reduced mobility, 2.40 +/- 0.05 cm    2 V - 1 s -1 at 160 Td, and in the skewness, 0. 95 +/- 0.03 at 11 9 Td. The dimensionless skewness parameter characterizes the asymmetry of the velocity distributions and is the ratio of the cube root of the third central moment to the square root of the second central moment. A comparison of the moments of the measured 45-degrees velocity distribution to a distribution synthesized without correlation from the 0-degrees and 90-degrees distributions shows that a positive correlation exists between velocity components parallel and perpendicular to the electric field. This is the first experimental verification of velocity component correlation in drifting ions.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP BASTIAN, MJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 64
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 12
BP 9496
EP 9512
DI 10.1063/1.464381
PG 17
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG101
UT WOS:A1993LG10100030
ER

PT J
AU NESBITT, DJ
   NIBLER, JW
   SCHIFFMAN, A
   CHAPMAN, WB
   HUTSON, JM
AF NESBITT, DJ
   NIBLER, JW
   SCHIFFMAN, A
   CHAPMAN, WB
   HUTSON, JM
TI A NEW DIRECT INFRARED-LASER ABSORPTION METHOD FOR STATE-TO-STATE
   ROTATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER IN CROSSED SUPERSONIC JETS - EXPERIMENTAL
   RESULTS AND QUANTUM SCATTERING ANALYSIS FOR AR+CH4
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING; POTENTIAL CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR COLLISIONS;
   METHANE INTERACTION; COUPLED STATES; NEON-METHANE; GROUND-STATE;
   SECTIONS; ARGON; BEAM
AB A new method for measuring state-to-state rotational energy transfer in crossed supersonic beams is described. The method is based on direct absorption of tunable, high-resolution infrared laser light by target molecules collisionally excited into final rotational states. The direct IR absorption approach offers high sensitivity, full quantum state resolution, a Doppler probe of final velocity components, and is applicable to any target molecule that absorbs in the near IR. Preliminary results are presented for Ar + CH4 scattering in crossed supersonic beams at a mean center-of-mass collision energy of 41 meV. Because of the high spectral resolution, the method can readily distinguish rotational fine structure states of A, F, and E symmetry in the tetrahedral group, as well as the much more energetically separated final j states. The results are compared with full quantum close-coupling calculations on two different Ar + CH4 potential energy surfaces. The state-to-state scattering results provide a sensitive measure of the potential anisotropy, and in particular probe the relative magnitudes of the different anisotropic terms in the potential (V3 and V4).
C1 UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV DURHAM,DEPT CHEM,DURHAM DH1 3LE,ENGLAND.
RP NESBITT, DJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012
OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622
NR 39
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 12
BP 9513
EP 9522
DI 10.1063/1.464382
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG101
UT WOS:A1993LG10100031
ER

PT J
AU GERMER, TA
   STEPHENSON, JC
   HEILWEIL, EJ
   CAVANAGH, RR
AF GERMER, TA
   STEPHENSON, JC
   HEILWEIL, EJ
   CAVANAGH, RR
TI PICOSECOND MEASUREMENT OF SUBSTRATE-TO-ADSORBATE ENERGY-TRANSFER - THE
   FRUSTRATED TRANSLATION OF CO/PT(111)
SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID VIBRATIONAL PHASE RELAXATION; YAG REGENERATIVE AMPLIFIER; ASYMMETRIC
   LINE-SHAPES; HOLE PAIR MECHANISM; METAL-SURFACES; INDUCED DESORPTION;
   LASER EXCITATION; CO; FEMTOSECOND; PT(111)
AB The transient infrared response of CO/Pt(111) following picosecond visible excitation is reported. A spectrally broad decrease in reflectivity correlates with heating of the Pt lattice, and an observed shift in the CO(upsilon = 0 --> 1) transition is interpreted as heating of the 60 cm-1 in-plane frustrated translational mode. A phenomenological three temperature model that assumes the adsorbate vibrational temperature T(ads) exclusively couples to either the electronic temperature T(e) (with a time constant tau(e)) or to the lattice temperature T(lat) (with a time constant tau(lat)) describes the temporal response Of the adsorbate vibrations. The lattice phonon temperature T(lat)(z,t) and measured temperature dependence of the optical constants predict the observed spectrally broad reflectivity change. Density matrix methods model the infrared response Of the transiently heated molecule. Limits of tau(e) = 2 +/- 1 ps or tau(lat) < 1 ps are established by comparsion of predicted spectra and the data.
RP GERMER, TA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 53
TC 64
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-9606
J9 J CHEM PHYS
JI J. Chem. Phys.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS 12
BP 9986
EP 9994
DI 10.1063/1.464324
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG101
UT WOS:A1993LG10100079
ER

PT J
AU JOHNSON, ES
   MCPHADEN, MJ
AF JOHNSON, ES
   MCPHADEN, MJ
TI EFFECTS OF A 3-DIMENSIONAL MEAN FLOW ON INTRASEASONAL KELVIN WAVES IN
   THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
LA English
DT Article
AB Intraseasonal Kelvin waves observed in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean have first vertical mode structures which are significantly different from first vertical modes in an otherwise motionless ocean. The observed mode has doubled temperature amplitudes relative to zonal velocity in the upper thermocline and shorter vertical scale structures in both zonal velocity and temperature. These departures are observed in the shallowest 200 m, where the mean currents are strong, and are related to interactions between these mean currents and the wave field. Modeled linear waves interacting with a zonally invariant zonal mean flow qualitatively explain some of the observed wave structures. However, the best quantitative assessment of wave variability is one that takes into account the full mean circulation and its gradients in all three dimensions. Specifically, by diagnosing the linearized budgets of temperature and zonal velocity for the observed and model waves we find that the observed doubling of wave temperature amplitudes is largely produced by the effects of mean vertical advection of wave temperatures. The increased wave temperature amplitudes lead to a wave pressure field which decays more rapidly with depth. Thus, for the same surface amplitudes the observed wave's pressure and velocity fluctuations in the deep ocean should be half the amplitude expected for a wave in the absence of mean flow. The effects of mean vertical advection are frequency dependent and will be stronger for longer-period waves. We conclude that models of low-frequency variability in the equatorial oceans must include the effects of a fully three-dimensional mean flow in order to realistically reproduce the structures of first vertical mode Kelvin waves.
C1 NOAA,PMEL,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
RP JOHNSON, ES (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT MARINE SCI,140 7TH AVE S,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA.
RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016
NR 15
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 98
IS C6
BP 10185
EP 10194
DI 10.1029/93JC00759
PG 10
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LJ209
UT WOS:A1993LJ20900014
ER

PT J
AU CHOI, CS
   PRASK, HJ
   OROSZ, J
AF CHOI, CS
   PRASK, HJ
   OROSZ, J
TI TEXTURES OF TANTALUM METAL SHEETS BY NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
AB The orientation distributions of six tantalum samples, TaPA, TaG1, TaG2, TaQ2-S1, TaQ2-S2 and TaQ2-S4, were studied by neutron diffraction and ODF analysis. The TaPA specimen is a commercial tantalum sheet with an unknown fabrication history. The TaG1 and TaG2 were fabricated from a powder metallurgical ingot by uniaxial compression, and the TaQ2 type samples were fabricated from commercial stock by similar uniaxial forging. TaQ2-S1 is the section closest to the centre of the forged disc, S2 is the intermediate section, and S4 is the section adjacent to the periphery. The texture of TaPA consisted of many components, including {014}[100], {111}[321BAR], {100}[010], and [111]/[100] double-fibre textures with the fibre axes oriented parallel to the normal direction. The two TaG-type specimens were dominated by the [111]/[100] double-fibre texture, accompanied by a weak {100}[010] cube texture. The three sections of TaQ2 had  much higher degrees of texture than the TaG-type samples, with an extremely strong (111) peak, which consists of (111)[112BAR], (111)[112BAR], and [111] fibre texture. The average pole density of the three equivalent orientations of (111)[112BAR] was the strongest for the S1 with over 150 multiples of random distribution (mrd), and gradually decreased with increasing radial distance to about 100 mrd for the S4 section. On the other hand, the average intensity of (111)[112BAR] type orientations was increased from about 40 mrd at S1 to about 100 mrd for the S4 section.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CHOI, CS (reprint author), ARDEC,DIV ENERGET P WARHEADS,PICATINNY ARSENAL,NJ 07806, USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD
PI LONDON
PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN
SN 0022-2461
J9 J MATER SCI
JI J. Mater. Sci.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 28
IS 12
BP 3283
EP 3290
DI 10.1007/BF00354248
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA LJ645
UT WOS:A1993LJ64500024
ER

PT J
AU KHALSA, SJ
AF KHALSA, SJ
TI DIRECT SAMPLING OF ENTRAINMENT EVENTS IN A MARINE STRATOCUMULUS LAYER
SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; INSTABILITY; MODEL;
   STRATUS; DYNAMICS
AB Entrainment mixing and the stability of a marine stratocumulus layer are investigated using aircraft data gathered during the FIRE marine stratocumulus experiment. Direct measurement of entrainment events is accomplished through conditional sampling based on ozone mixing ratio. This enables the identification of evaporatively cooled, negatively buoyant events that could otherwise only be inferred by thermodynamic jump conditions at cloud top. Evidence for evaporation cooling within entrainment events is obtained with aerosol and cloud droplet spectra.
   An increase in the entrainment of dry air into the cloud layer due to sinking of negatively buoyant downdrafts is offset by an increased flux of moisture through cloud base. The positive flux of moisture at cloud base is driven, in part, by the sinking of evaporatively cooled parcels through the entire cloud layer. Despite a minimum in buoyancy flux near cloud base, the cloud layer was not decoupled from the subcloud layer.
RP KHALSA, SJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
OI Khalsa, Siri Jodha/0000-0001-9217-5550
NR 35
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-4928
J9 J ATMOS SCI
JI J. Atmos. Sci.
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 50
IS 12
BP 1734
EP 1750
DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<1734:DSOEEI>2.0.CO;2
PG 17
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ887
UT WOS:A1993LJ88700009
ER

PT J
AU OBRIEN, WL
   JIA, J
   DONG, QY
   CALLCOTT, TA
   MUELLER, DR
   EDERER, DL
   KAO, CC
AF OBRIEN, WL
   JIA, J
   DONG, QY
   CALLCOTT, TA
   MUELLER, DR
   EDERER, DL
   KAO, CC
TI SOFT-X-RAY INVESTIGATION OF MG AND AL OXIDES - EVIDENCE FOR ATOMIC AND
   BAND-LIKE FEATURES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID ABSORPTION
AB Soft-x-ray emission (SXE) and soft-x-ray absorption (SXA) are used to investigate the electronic structure of alpha-Al2O3, anodized Al2O3, MgO, and MgAl2O4. It is found that both SXE and SXA are sensitive to the crystal phase, suggesting their use as a structural probe. Comparison of the Al L2,3 SXE of alpha-Al2O3 and the Mg L2,3 SXE of MgO with local-density-approximation (LDA) density-of-states calculations shows that the agreement is good, and suggests that the final-state rule is valid for the SXE of these oxides. On the other hand, comparisons show that results of the SXA and LDA calculations are not in good agreement. A model based on atomiclike excitations explains a portion of the MgO SXA spectrum well. Evidence which suggests that the remaining features are due to band structure is given.
C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 12
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 23
BP 15482
EP 15486
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.15482
PG 5
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LJ154
UT WOS:A1993LJ15400011
ER

PT J
AU ALEXEYEV, N
   JAHANMIR, S
AF ALEXEYEV, N
   JAHANMIR, S
TI MECHANICS OF FRICTION IN SELF-LUBRICATING COMPOSITE-MATERIALS .1.
   MECHANICS OF 2ND-PHASE DEFORMATION AND MOTION
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article
AB This paper is devoted to the analysis of plastic deformation of self-lubricating composite materials that contain soft second-phase particles and are subjected to sliding friction. Slip-line field analysis of plastic deformation is used to analyze the processes of deformation and flow of the soft phase toward the sliding surface. As a result of this analysis, a general relationship for the deformation and flow of the soft phase is obtained. It is shown that the properties of both the hard matrix and the soft second-phase particles, as well as the shape and size of the particles, control the processes of deformation and flow of the soft phase. The results may be used to optimize the microstructure of self-lubricating composites to obtain the best tribological performance.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ALEXEYEV, N (reprint author), MOSCOW PROBLEMS MECH INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA.
NR 8
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 166
IS 1
BP 41
EP 48
DI 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90277-S
PG 8
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA LH750
UT WOS:A1993LH75000006
ER

PT J
AU ALEXEYEV, N
   JAHANMIR, S
AF ALEXEYEV, N
   JAHANMIR, S
TI MECHANICS OF FRICTION IN SELF-LUBRICATING COMPOSITE-MATERIALS .2.
   DEFORMATION OF THE INTERFACIAL FILM
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article
AB The process of film formation in self-lubricating composites and deformation of the film are analyzed by the slip-line field method. The results show that the size of the second-phase particles in the composite, the relative shear yield limit of the matrix and the soft phase, and the thickness of the film control the tribological performance of these composites. In a given contact condition, it is possible to modify the composite's microstructure to achieve an optimum performance, i.e. the lowest possible coefficient of friction.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP ALEXEYEV, N (reprint author), MOSCOW PROBLEMS MECH INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA.
NR 4
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD JUN 15
PY 1993
VL 166
IS 1
BP 49
EP 54
DI 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90278-T
PG 6
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA LH750
UT WOS:A1993LH75000007
ER

PT J
AU SIMIU, E
   FREY, M
AF SIMIU, E
   FREY, M
TI SPECTRUM OF THE STOCHASTICALLY FORCED DUFFING-HOLMES OSCILLATOR
SO PHYSICS LETTERS A
LA English
DT Article
ID POWER SPECTRA; PERTURBATIONS; ATTRACTORS
AB The Brundsen-Holmes method of power spectrum estimation for the Duffing-Holmes oscillator is applied to the case of weak quasiperiodic excitation and then extended to weak colored noise excitation with any specified spectral density. A novel model of near-Gaussian noise is introduced to achieve this extension. The results obtained by this approach coincide with and extend those obtained by Stone and Holmes' application of the Fokker-Planck equation. In particular, our results confirm Stone's conjecture that the expression for the mean time between successive maxima in the case of colored noise is similar to that for white noise.
C1 BUCKNELL UNIV,DEPT MATH,LEWISBURG,PA 17837.
RP SIMIU, E (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STRUCT,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 10
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0375-9601
J9 PHYS LETT A
JI Phys. Lett. A
PD JUN 14
PY 1993
VL 177
IS 3
BP 199
EP 202
DI 10.1016/0375-9601(93)90025-U
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LJ330
UT WOS:A1993LJ33000005
ER

PT J
AU BANFORD, HM
   COLLETTE, BB
AF BANFORD, HM
   COLLETTE, BB
TI HYPORHAMPHUS-MEEKI, A NEW SPECIES OF HALFBEAK (TELEOSTEI, HEMIRAMPHIDAE)
   FROM THE ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS OF THE UNITED-STATES
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
LA English
DT Article
AB Hyporhamphus meeki is described from the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States. It has been confused previously with H. unifasciatus (Ranzani) which occurs from southern Florida, Bermuda, the West Indies, and Mexico south to southern Brazil. Hyporhamphus meeki has more gill rakers, usually 33-39 on the first gill arch and 26-29 on the second arch compared to 28-32 on the first arch and 19-25 on the second arch in H. unifascialus. Pectoral-fin rays are usually 11 or 12 vs. 10 or 11 in H. unifasciatus. The ratio of preorbital length to orbit diameter is usually greater than 0.70 in H. meeki, less than 0.70 in H. unifasciatus.
C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV SYSTEMAT LAB,NATL MUSEUM NAT HIST,WASHINGTON,DC 20560.
RP BANFORD, HM (reprint author), VIRGINIA INST MARINE SCI,COLL WILLIAM & MARY,GLOUCESTER POINT,VA 23062, USA.
NR 20
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON
PI WASHINGTON
PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560
SN 0006-324X
J9 P BIOL SOC WASH
JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
PD JUN 11
PY 1993
VL 106
IS 2
BP 369
EP 384
PG 16
WC Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA LH057
UT WOS:A1993LH05700017
ER

PT J
AU RONA, PA
   THOMPSON, G
AF RONA, PA
   THOMPSON, G
TI INTRODUCTION TO ATLANTIC HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID RIDGE CREST; OCEAN; RIFT; TAG
C1 WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT MARINE CHEM & GEOCHEM,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543.
RP RONA, PA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 33
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 98
IS B6
BP 9621
EP 9623
DI 10.1029/93JB00553
PG 3
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA LH260
UT WOS:A1993LH26000008
ER

PT J
AU BOUGAULT, H
   CHARLOU, JL
   FOUQUET, Y
   NEEDHAM, HD
   VASLET, N
   APPRIOU, P
   BAPTISTE, PJ
   RONA, PA
   DMITRIEV, L
   SILANTIEV, S
AF BOUGAULT, H
   CHARLOU, JL
   FOUQUET, Y
   NEEDHAM, HD
   VASLET, N
   APPRIOU, P
   BAPTISTE, PJ
   RONA, PA
   DMITRIEV, L
   SILANTIEV, S
TI FAST AND SLOW-SPREADING RIDGES - STRUCTURE AND HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY,
   ULTRAMAFIC TOPOGRAPHIC HIGHS, AND CH4 OUTPUT
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; HOT SPRINGS; OCEAN RIDGE;
   RIFT-VALLEY; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; MASSIVE SULFIDES; FRACTURE-ZONES; DEGREES
   N; 13-DEGREES-N
AB Different parts of the world ridge system have quite different morphologies, which reflect different constructional processes. It appears that hydrothermal circulation at all spreading centers is an important exchange process between the ocean and the newly formed oceanic crust. This hydrothermal circulation may vary according to morphology and crustal composition and may also affect ridge constructional processes. The TAG (26-degrees-N) and Snake Pit (23-degrees-N) hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) display Mn/CH4 ratios in overlying seawater similar to those of nonsedimented East Pacific Rise sites, i.e., about 0.2 mol/L. In contrast, large methane anomalies with very low Mn/CH4 ratios of 0.005 mol/L are associated with ultramafic topographic highs near 15-degrees-N, close to the axis and on ultramafic walls of the rift valley. The association of ultramafic bodies and CH4 anomalies in seawater indicates active serpentinization processes. CH4 is produced during serpentinization according to the Fisher Tropsch reaction (Charlou et al., 1991). Many ultramafic rock assemblages have been sampled on the MAR away from fracture zones, in particular by the Deep Sea Drilling Project. Changes of mechanical properties and of density of uplifted deep material in the accreting plate boundary zone caused by serpentinization may play an important role in the construction of slow spreading ridges.
C1 UNIV BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE,FAC SCI,DEPT CHIM,F-29200 BREST,FRANCE.
   VI VERNADSKY GEOCHEM INST,MOSCOW 10334,RUSSIA.
   NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33149.
   CENS,CEA,DSM DPH SPER,GEOCHIM ISOTOP LAB,F-91190 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE.
RP BOUGAULT, H (reprint author), IFREMER,CTR BREST,DEPT GEOSCI MARINES,F-29280 PLOUZANE,FRANCE.
NR 84
TC 85
Z9 87
U1 0
U2 13
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 98
IS B6
BP 9643
EP 9651
DI 10.1029/93JB00508
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA LH260
UT WOS:A1993LH26000010
ER

PT J
AU LALOU, C
   REYSS, JL
   BRICHET, E
   ARNOLD, M
   THOMPSON, G
   FOUQUET, Y
   RONA, PA
AF LALOU, C
   REYSS, JL
   BRICHET, E
   ARNOLD, M
   THOMPSON, G
   FOUQUET, Y
   RONA, PA
TI NEW-AGE DATA FOR MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE HYDROTHERMAL SITES - TAG AND
   SNAKEPIT CHRONOLOGY REVISITED
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; MASSIVE SULFIDES; 26-DEGREES-N
AB The chronologies of TAG and Snakepit hydrothermal fields have been established using Pb-210/Pb, Th-230/U-234 and C-14 dating. At the TAG field, a Mn-oxide record, indicative of low temperature events, began at least 125,000 years and possibly 140,000 years ago with maximum intensities at 15,000, 7000 and 4000 years before present. High temperature events, giving rise to sulfide deposits, began about 100,000 years ago and have been intermittent to the present day. A presently active site has experienced intermittent pulses of activity every 4000 to 6000 years over the past 20,000 years. Decrease in activity is often marked by low temperature aragonite precipitation in chimney conduits at 4000, 7000 and 9000 years ago. After a period of quiescence lasting about 4000 years this site was reactivated about 50 years ago. The Snakepit field is much younger and no sulfides older than 4000 years have been recovered. Relict sulfide deposits are dated between 2000 and 4000 years old indicating this site was active during a quiescent period at TAG. Reactivation of Snakepit. took place about 80 years ago, and is presently concurrent with that of TAG. Comparison with hydrothermal sites on the East Pacific Rise suggests that on slow spreading ridges the major fracture systems focussing the hydrothermal discharge can be reactivated at intervals and new deposits precipitated on top of older ones, while on faster spreading ridges each pulse of activity is separated in space and time resulting in discrete deposits.
C1 IFREMER BREST,PLOUZANE,FRANCE.
   WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543.
   NOAA,MIAMI,FL 33149.
RP LALOU, C (reprint author), CEA,CNRS,CTR FAIBLES RADIOACTIV,F-91198 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE.
NR 16
TC 98
Z9 104
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 98
IS B6
BP 9705
EP 9713
DI 10.1029/92JB01898
PG 9
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA LH260
UT WOS:A1993LH26000017
ER

PT J
AU RONA, PA
   BOGDANOV, YA
   GURVICH, EG
   RIMSKIKORSAKOV, NA
   SAGALEVITCH, AM
   HANNINGTON, MD
   THOMPSON, G
AF RONA, PA
   BOGDANOV, YA
   GURVICH, EG
   RIMSKIKORSAKOV, NA
   SAGALEVITCH, AM
   HANNINGTON, MD
   THOMPSON, G
TI RELICT HYDROTHERMAL ZONES IN THE TAG HYDROTHERMAL FIELD, MID-ATLANTIC
   RIDGE 26-DEGREES-N, 45-DEGREES-W
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
LA English
DT Article
ID MASSIVE SULFIDES; RIFT-VALLEY; 26 DEGREESN; CREST; GEOCHEMISTRY;
   MINERALOGY; DEPOSITS; LATITUDE; GOLD; AREA
AB Two relict hydrothermal zones were delineated between water depths of 3400 and 3500 m at the lower part of the east wall of the rift valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the TAG hydrothermal field using a deep-towed side scan sonar low and a camera-temperature tow along the northern 3 km of the wall. and a submersible transect. Named the North and MIR relict zones, they are located about 4 km and 2 km northeast. respectively, of the known active high-temperature sulfide mound between water depths of 3625 and 3670 m on the rift valley floor near the base of the east wall. The North zone extends about 2 km along the northern end of the lower east wall.  The zone includes two moundlike features up to 30 m high by 200 m in diameter imaged by side scan sonar within a 2-km-long line of discontinuous hydrothermal deposits comprising inactive toppled and standing chimneys, layered material, and patchy dark stains on sediment photographed by the camera-temperature low. Several other moundlike features were imaged with the side scan sonar outside of the photographic coverage. The MIR relict hydrothermal zone 2 km south of the North zone, named after the MIR submersible used to investigate it, consists of three subzones: (1) a 200-m-wide area of diverse types of hydrothermal materials exposed by normal faulting at its western margin; (2) a 400-m-wide by 700-m-long central area of discrete groups of toppled and standing inactive sulfide chimneys up to 25 m high on a substrate of red metalliferous sediment and carbonate lutite; spires sampled on the highest chimneys are composed of coarse-grained, recrystallized sulfides dominated by pyrite and chalcopyrite which contain the first primary, free gold grains (2-3 mum diameter) found at a hydrothermal site on a mid-ocean ridge; and (3) a 150-m-wide hummocky area of layered hydrothermal material with the appearance of low temperature precipitates and carbonate lutite with patchy dark stains at its eastern margin. The active sulfide mound, the North zone, and the MIR zone are each located on the fractured western margins of gentle, dome-shaped areas of pillow flows typically 500 m in diameter interpreted as summits of volcanic centers that may have supplied heat to drive adjacent hydrothermal activity. The distribution and size of the active and inactive hydrothermal zones of the TAG field, the chronology, and the characteristics of relict samples recovered indicate a history of at least 100 X 10(3) years of high-temperature hydrothermal episodes with multiple over-printing stages of mineralization accompanied by alteration.
C1 PP SHIRSHOV OCEANOL INST,MOSCOW 11728,RUSSIA.
   WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT MARINE CHEM & GEOCHEM,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543.
   GEOL SURVEY CANADA,OTTAWA K1A 0E8,ONTARIO,CANADA.
RP RONA, PA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 54
TC 49
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA
JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 98
IS B6
BP 9715
EP 9730
DI 10.1029/93JB00552
PG 16
WC Geochemistry & Geophysics
SC Geochemistry & Geophysics
GA LH260
UT WOS:A1993LH26000018
ER

PT J
AU FAHEY, DW
   KAWA, SR
   WOODBRIDGE, EL
   TIN, P
   WILSON, JC
   JONSSON, HH
   DYE, JE
   BAUMGARDNER, D
   BORRMANN, S
   TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   PROFFITT, MH
   MARGITAN, J
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   SALAWITCH, RJ
   WOFSY, SC
   KO, MKW
   ANDERSON, DE
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   CHAN, KR
AF FAHEY, DW
   KAWA, SR
   WOODBRIDGE, EL
   TIN, P
   WILSON, JC
   JONSSON, HH
   DYE, JE
   BAUMGARDNER, D
   BORRMANN, S
   TOOHEY, DW
   AVALLONE, LM
   PROFFITT, MH
   MARGITAN, J
   LOEWENSTEIN, M
   PODOLSKE, JR
   SALAWITCH, RJ
   WOFSY, SC
   KO, MKW
   ANDERSON, DE
   SCHOEBERL, MR
   CHAN, KR
TI INSITU MEASUREMENTS CONSTRAINING THE ROLE OF SULFATE AEROSOLS IN
   MIDLATITUDE OZONE DEPLETION
SO NATURE
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-ALTITUDE AIRCRAFT; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; SULFATE AEROSOLS; ER-2
   AIRCRAFT; STRATOSPHERE; NITROGEN; VORTEX; HOLE; N2O5; CLO
AB In situ measurements of stratospheric sulphate aerosol, reactive nitrogen and chlorine concentrations at middle latitudes confirm the importance of aerosol surface reactions that convert active nitrogen to a less active, reservoir form. This makes mid-latitude stratospheric ozone less vulnerable to active nitrogen and more vulnerable to chlorine species. The effect of aerosol reactions on active nitrogen depends on gas phase reaction rates, so that increases in aerosol concentration following volcanic eruptions will have only a limited effect on ozone depletion at these latitudes.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV DENVER,DEPT ENGN,DENVER,CO 80208.
   NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
   UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT GEOSCI,IRVINE,CA 92717.
   HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109.
   NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035.
   HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138.
   ATMOSPHER & ENVIRONM RES INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139.
   JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,APPL PHYS LAB,LAUREL,MD 20723.
   NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
RP FAHEY, DW (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Toohey,
   Darin/A-4267-2008; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Ko, Malcolm/D-5898-2015;
   Fahey, David/G-4499-2013
OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068;
   Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634
NR 51
TC 208
Z9 211
U1 3
U2 23
PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD
PI LONDON
PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW
SN 0028-0836
J9 NATURE
JI Nature
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 363
IS 6429
BP 509
EP 514
DI 10.1038/363509a0
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA LF939
UT WOS:A1993LF93900039
ER

PT J
AU HERMAN, GS
   WOICIK, JC
   ANDREWS, AB
   ERSKINE, JL
AF HERMAN, GS
   WOICIK, JC
   ANDREWS, AB
   ERSKINE, JL
TI HIGH-RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF (ROOT-3X-ROOT-3)
   R30-DEGREES-AG ON SI(111)
SO SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID SURFACE; AG/SI(111)
AB High-resolution surface and bulk sensitive photoemission were used to study the Si2p core level from the (square-root 3 x square-root 3)R30-degrees-Ag/Si(111) surface. Four components of the Si2p levels are observed for this system. Their relative positions are found to be independent with respect to sample preparation, suggesting no net change in the local atomic order of the square-root 3 domains. However, their relative intensities, measured for surfaces prepared at deposition temperatures of 350 and 530-degrees-C, show significant differences which are assigned to changes in the relative square-root 3 domain sizes.
C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD.
   AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974.
   UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712.
NR 16
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-6028
J9 SURF SCI
JI Surf. Sci.
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 290
IS 1-2
BP L643
EP L648
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG187
UT WOS:A1993LG18700001
ER

PT J
AU PURDIE, D
   MURYN, CA
   CROOK, S
   WINCOTT, PL
   THORNTON, G
   FISCHER, DA
AF PURDIE, D
   MURYN, CA
   CROOK, S
   WINCOTT, PL
   THORNTON, G
   FISCHER, DA
TI POTASSIUM BOND SITE IN ZNO(000(1)OVER-BAR)P(2X2)K
SO SURFACE SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
ID SURFACE; EXAFS
AB Surface EXAFS has been used to investigate the potassium adsorption site on the oxygen-terminated polar (0001BAR) face of ZnO. A K-O distance of 2.70 +/- 0.04 angstrom is obtained from the KK-edge SEXAFS data. The polarisation dependence of the EXAFS amplitudes indicates that K adsorbs in a three-fold hollow site. This is most likely a cave site in which K sits above Zn in the second layer, consistent with the prediction of previously published Madelung potential calculations.
C1 UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT CHEM,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP PURDIE, D (reprint author), UNIV MANCHESTER,INTERDISCIPLINARY RES CTR SURFACE SCI,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND.
NR 19
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0039-6028
J9 SURF SCI
JI Surf. Sci.
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 290
IS 1-2
BP L680
EP L684
PG 5
WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Chemistry; Physics
GA LG187
UT WOS:A1993LG18700008
ER

PT J
AU CHOUDHARY, L
   VARMA, DS
   WANG, FW
   CHOUDHARY, V
   VARMA, IK
AF CHOUDHARY, L
   VARMA, DS
   WANG, FW
   CHOUDHARY, V
   VARMA, IK
TI THERMAL-BEHAVIOR OF 4-MALEIMIDOPHENYL GLYCIDYL ETHER RESINS
SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
ID PARA-AMINOPHENOL; POLYMERS
AB A novel epoxy-maleimide resin 4-maleimidophenyl glycidyl ether (MGE), was prepared from 4-aminophenol. Characterization was carried out by estimation of the epoxy equivalent and by IR and H-1-NMR spectroscopy. The MGE resin was cured by heating above 250-degrees-C. A decrease in the curing temperature was observed after the addition of a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amount of an aromatic diamine. The values of the curing temperature and the heat of the polymerization reaction (DELTAH) were independent of diamine concentration but depended on the structure of the diamine. The char yield of the cured resins at 800-degrees-C in a nitrogen atmosphere ranged from 25% to 40%, which is much higher than the values reported for epoxy resins.
C1 NE REG INST SCI & TECHNOL,ITANAGAR,ARUNACHAL PRADE,INDIA.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP CHOUDHARY, L (reprint author), INDIAN INST TECHNOL,CTR MAT SCI & TECHNOL,HAUZ KHAS,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA.
NR 14
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0040-6031
J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA
JI Thermochim. Acta
PD JUN 10
PY 1993
VL 220
BP 261
EP 270
DI 10.1016/0040-6031(93)80471-L
PG 10
WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical
SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry
GA LL917
UT WOS:A1993LL91700024
ER

PT J
AU GOLDAN, PD
   KUSTER, WC
   FEHSENFELD, FC
   MONTZKA, SA
AF GOLDAN, PD
   KUSTER, WC
   FEHSENFELD, FC
   MONTZKA, SA
TI THE OBSERVATION OF A C5 ALCOHOL EMISSION IN A NORTH-AMERICAN PINE FOREST
SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS; NIWOT-RIDGE; COLORADO; PHEROMONE
AB During a recent study carried out at an isolated site in the Colorado mountains, a C5 alcohol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, was found to be the most abundant volatile organic compound of biogenic origin present in the atmosphere. This finding, if generally characteristic of the natural chemical species present in the atmosphere in forested areas, has important implications. First, the presence in large quantities of a reactive chemical compound at these high levels can significantly influence the local atmospheric chemistry. Secondly, this compound, although previously identified as a pheromone for Ips typographus (spruce bark beetle), an insect predator responsible for major forest die-backs in this region, is strongly correlated with isoprene. Since isoprene is known to be emitted by the local vegetation, the observed 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol appears also to have a vegetative rather than entomological source.
C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP GOLDAN, PD (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; 
OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Montzka,
   Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400
NR 20
TC 115
Z9 116
U1 0
U2 26
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0094-8276
J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT
JI Geophys. Res. Lett.
PD JUN 7
PY 1993
VL 20
IS 11
BP 1039
EP 1042
DI 10.1029/93GL00247
PG 4
WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
SC Geology
GA LJ516
UT WOS:A1993LJ51600010
ER

PT J
AU STROSCIO, JA
   PIERCE, DT
   DRAGOSET, RA
AF STROSCIO, JA
   PIERCE, DT
   DRAGOSET, RA
TI HOMOEPITAXIAL GROWTH OF IRON AND A REAL-SPACE VIEW OF
   REFLECTION-HIGH-ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; INTENSITY OSCILLATIONS; KINETICS; SURFACES;
   ORIGIN; GAAS; MBE
AB We report real space views of the homoepitaxial growth of Fe on Fe(001) whiskers observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. A measure of the surface diffusion of the Fe atoms is obtained over the temperature range of 20-250-degrees-C. The effect of the diffusion kinetics is observed in the surface morphology as a decrease in the interface width with temperature. Measurements of reflection-high-energy-electron diffraction during growth allow a comparison of real and reciprocal space techniques.
RP STROSCIO, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, ELECTR PHYS GRP, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 18
TC 264
Z9 266
U1 1
U2 25
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0031-9007
J9 PHYS REV LETT
JI Phys. Rev. Lett.
PD JUN 7
PY 1993
VL 70
IS 23
BP 3615
EP 3618
DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3615
PG 4
WC Physics, Multidisciplinary
SC Physics
GA LE942
UT WOS:A1993LE94200024
ER

PT J
AU SCOTT, DR
   LEVITSKY, A
   STEIN, SE
AF SCOTT, DR
   LEVITSKY, A
   STEIN, SE
TI LARGE-SCALE EVALUATION OF A PATTERN-RECOGNITION EXPERT-SYSTEM FOR
   MASS-SPECTRAL MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ESTIMATION
SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article
DE MASS SPECTROMETRY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; EXPERT SYSTEMS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT
   ESTIMATION
ID INFORMATION-THEORY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOXIC COMPOUNDS; DATA-BASE;
   CLASSIFICATION
AB A previously developed fast, personal-computer based method of estimating molecular weights of organic compounds from low resolution mass spectra has been thoroughly evaluated. The method is based on a rule-based pattern recognition/expert system approach which uses empirical linear corrections which are iteratively applied to two mass spectral features to yield estimates. This technique has been extensively evaluated with 400 spectra of volatile and nonvolatile compounds of pharmaceutical interest and with 31378 high quality NIST spectra of compounds of molecular weight 30-500. Subsets of the NIST spectra were evaluated including a 23989 spectra volatile set. The overall median and average absolute deviations from the true molecular weights of the 400 spectra were 1.5 and 13 daltons. For the large NIST set and volatile subset the overall median and average absolute deviations were 1.8-2.0 and 13-17 daltons. In both sets of spectra the best results were obtained with the nonhalobenzene and unknown classes. Due to misclassification errors better results were obtained by bypassing the classifier. Median errors with spectra with the molecular ion present were ca. twenty times lower than those without the molecular ion. The present system can rapidly produce molecular weight estimates with median absolute errors of 2 (average 15) daltons.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SCOTT, DR (reprint author), US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA.
NR 11
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 3
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0003-2670
J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA
JI Anal. Chim. Acta
PD JUN 6
PY 1993
VL 278
IS 1
BP 137
EP 147
DI 10.1016/0003-2670(93)80092-Y
PG 11
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LF125
UT WOS:A1993LF12500016
ER

PT J
AU JOHNSON, WW
   LIU, SX
   JI, XH
   GILLILAND, GL
   ARMSTRONG, RN
AF JOHNSON, WW
   LIU, SX
   JI, XH
   GILLILAND, GL
   ARMSTRONG, RN
TI TYROSINE-115 PARTICIPATES BOTH IN CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STEPS OF THE
   CATALYTIC MECHANISM OF A GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE
SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Note
ID RAT-LIVER
AB The participation of the hydroxyl group of tyrosine 115 in the catalytic mechanism of isoenzyme 3-3 of rat glutathione (GSH) S-transferase is implicated by x-ray crystallographic analysis of a product complex and confirmed by comparison of the catalytic properties of the native enzyme and the Y115F mutant. Tyrosine 115 is located in domain II of the protein (the xenobiotic substrate binding domain) and is the first residue in this domain to be shown to play a direct role in catalysis. The 1.8-angstrom structure of isoenzyme 3-3 in complex with (9S,10S-9-(S-glutathionyl)-10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, one of the diastereomeric products of the reaction of GSH with phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, indicates that the hydroxyl group of Tyr115 is within hydrogen-bonding distance of the 10-hydroxyl group of the bound product and, by implication, is proximal to the oxirane oxygen of the substrate in the Michaelis complex. Site-specific replacement of Tyr115 with phenylalanine has profoundly different effects on catalysis depending on the type of reaction and whether the rate-limiting step in catalysis is a chemical step or a physical step. Stopped flow measurements of the rate constants for product release and viscosity effects on the steady-state kinetics establish that the rate-limiting step in catalysis with phenanthrene 9,10-oxide (k(cat) = 0.4 s-1) is probably a chemical one, whereas the physical step of product dissociation (k(off)) is rate-limiting in the reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (k(cat) = 20 s-1). The Y115F mutant is severely impaired in catalyzing the addition of GSH to phenanthrene 9,10-oxide (k(cat) = 0.0044 s-1), evidence that the -OH of Tyr115 provides electrophilic assistance in the epoxide ring opening. In contrast, the Y115F mutant is a better catalyst toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (k(cat) = 72 s-1) than is the native enzyme. The enhanced rates of product release in the mutant are ascribed to the loss of hydrogen bonds between the -OH of Tyr115 and the side chain -OH and main chain NH of serine 209, interactions that block the channel to the active site or inhibit the segmental motion of the protein.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,SHADY GROVE,MD.
   NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
RI Ji, Xinhua/C-9664-2012
OI Ji, Xinhua/0000-0001-6942-1514
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 30910]
NR 24
TC 122
Z9 122
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814
SN 0021-9258
J9 J BIOL CHEM
JI J. Biol. Chem.
PD JUN 5
PY 1993
VL 268
IS 16
BP 11508
EP 11511
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA LF284
UT WOS:A1993LF28400010
PM 8505287
ER

PT J
AU TURNIPSEED, AA
   BARONE, SB
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF TURNIPSEED, AA
   BARONE, SB
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI REACTIONS OF CH3S AND CH3SOO WITH O3, NO2, AND NO
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; OH RADICALS; KINETICS;
   DISULFIDE; MECHANISM; PHOTOOXIDATION; 298-K; METHANETHIOL; FTIR
AB The atmospherically important reactions of both CH3S and CH3SOO were examined using the technique of pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence. Rate coefficients for the reactions CH3S + 03 --> products (1) and CH3S + NO2 --> CH3SO + NO (2) were measured to be k1(T) = (1.98 +/- 0.38) X 10(-12) exp[(290 +/-40)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and k2(T) = (2.06 +/- 0.44) x 10(-11) exp[(320 +/- 40)/T] cm3 MolecUle-1 s-1. The reactions of the weakly bound CH3SOO adduct with O3, NO2, and NO were studied at low temperatures. The rate coefficients for the adduct reactions are as follows: CH3SOO + 03 --> products (4), k4 < 8 X 10(-13) CM3 molecule-1 s-1 at T = 227 K; CH3SOO + NO2 --> products (5), k5 = (2.2 +/- 0.6) X 10(-11) CM3 molecule-1 s-1 at T = 227-246 K; and CH3SOO + NO --> products (6), k6 = (1.1 +/- 0.4) x 10(-11) CM3 Molecule-1 s-1 from T = 227-256 K. The measured values of k5 and k6 were independent of temperature and pressure over the limited ranges employed. The atmospheric implications of these findings are discussed.
C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,R-E-AL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
NR 37
TC 52
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0022-3654
J9 J PHYS CHEM-US
JI J. Phys. Chem.
PD JUN 3
PY 1993
VL 97
IS 22
BP 5926
EP 5934
DI 10.1021/j100124a025
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LE951
UT WOS:A1993LE95100025
ER

PT J
AU HORVATH, JJ
   GLAZIER, SA
AF HORVATH, JJ
   GLAZIER, SA
TI FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF TETRACYCLINE IN HIGH CELL MASS FOR
   FERMENTATION MONITORING
SO AMERICAN BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
LA English
DT Note
ID CULTURE FLUORESCENCE; NADH
RP HORVATH, JJ (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOSENSOR TECHNOL GRP,A353-222,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 1
PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC
PI SHELTON
PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870
SN 0749-3223
J9 AM BIOTECHNOL LAB
JI Am. Biotechnol. Lab.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 7
BP 44
EP 44
PG 1
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology
GA LK110
UT WOS:A1993LK11000005
PM 7763668
ER

PT J
AU ZAMUDIO, S
   DROMA, T
   NORKYEL, KY
   ACHARYA, G
   ZAMUDIO, JA
   NIERMEYER, SN
   MOORE, LG
AF ZAMUDIO, S
   DROMA, T
   NORKYEL, KY
   ACHARYA, G
   ZAMUDIO, JA
   NIERMEYER, SN
   MOORE, LG
TI PROTECTION FROM INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION IN TIBETANS AT
   HIGH-ALTITUDE
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE FETAL GROWTH; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT; GENETIC ADAPTATION; COMPARISON OF NORTH
   AND SOUTH AMERICAN POPULATIONS
ID FETAL GROWTH; BIRTH-WEIGHT; INFANT-MORTALITY; COLORADO; WOMEN; TWINS
AB Intrauterine growth retardation has long been recognized at high altitude. Since growth-retarded babies have a decreased chance of survival, intrauterine growth retardation would be expected to have been selected against in populations long resident at high altitude. We have previously reported that Tibetan babies born at 3,658 m weighed more than their North or South American altitude counterparts. This study sought to determine whether Tibetans were protected from altitude-associated intrauterine growth retardation. We compared birth weights in Tibetans living at low altitude in Kathmandu, Nepal (elevation 1,200 m), or at high altitude in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China (elevation 3,658 m). Birth weights were similar in 45 low-altitude and 34 high-altitude Tibetan births regardless of whether all infants or only full-term births were considered, or whether birth weight was adjusted for variation in maternal parity, gestational age, and infant sex. In comparison with literature observations, the altitude-associated difference in birth weight was smallest in Tibetans, intermediate in South America, and greatest in North America. These data support the hypothesis that Tibetans are protected from altitude-associated intrauterine growth retardation and suggest that selection for optimization of birth weight at high altitude has occurred in Tibetans.
C1 TIBET INST MED SCI,LHASA 850000,PEOPLES R CHINA.
   PATAN HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,KATMANDU,NEPAL.
   UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80262.
RP ZAMUDIO, S (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,CARDIOVASC PULM RES LAB,B133,4200 E 9TH AVE,DENVER,CO 80262, USA.
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL07171, HLBI 14985]; NICHD NIH HHS [CHD 000681]
NR 30
TC 67
Z9 69
U1 4
U2 13
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0002-9483
J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL
JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 91
IS 2
BP 215
EP 224
DI 10.1002/ajpa.1330910207
PG 10
WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology
GA LC847
UT WOS:A1993LC84700006
PM 8317562
ER

PT J
AU TERRELL, BG
AF TERRELL, BG
TI CANALS FOR A NATION - THE CANAL ERA IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1790-1860 -
   SHAW,RE
SO AMERICAN NEPTUNE
LA English
DT Book Review
RP TERRELL, BG (reprint author), NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PEABODY MUSEUM
PI SALEM
PA E INDIA MARINE HALL, SALEM, MA 01970
SN 0003-0155
J9 AM NEPTUNE
JI Am. Neptune
PD SUM
PY 1993
VL 53
IS 3
BP 217
EP 218
PG 2
WC History
SC History
GA LQ530
UT WOS:A1993LQ53000013
ER

PT J
AU BEARY, ES
   PAULSEN, PJ
AF BEARY, ES
   PAULSEN, PJ
TI SELECTIVE APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS TO ISOTOPE-DILUTION
   INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSES OF STANDARD
   REFERENCE MATERIALS
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLES
AB Isotope dilution has been used with ICP-MS to certify trace and ultratrace elements in both leaf and soil standard reference materials (SRMs). Mass spectrometric interferences from the sample matrices prevented the direct determination of Cd, Ag, Mo, and Ni in these materials. The ICP-MS was used in a semiquantitative survey mode to identify interferences and to develop customized separations. The fact that isotope dilution analysis requires neither 100% recovery nor absolute isolation of the element(s) of interest results in considerable flexibility in the design of separations. Separated analytical samples were introduced into the ICP-MS, and high accuracy quantitative results were based on precise isotope ratio measurements made in the peak jump mode. Four transition metals, Cd, Ag, Mo, and Ni, in the nanogram to microgram per gram range were determined in five different SRMs with an average bias uncertainty and imprecision of less than 1%.
RP BEARY, ES (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 19
TC 38
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 65
IS 11
BP 1602
EP 1608
DI 10.1021/ac00059a020
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LE351
UT WOS:A1993LE35100023
ER

PT J
AU HERZFELD, UC
   KIM, II
   ORCUTT, JA
   FOX, CG
AF HERZFELD, UC
   KIM, II
   ORCUTT, JA
   FOX, CG
TI FRACTAL GEOMETRY AND SEA-FLOOR TOPOGRAPHY - THEORETICAL CONCEPTS VERSUS
   DATA-ANALYSIS FOR THE JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE AND THE EAST PACIFIC RISE
SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA BEAM; ROUGHNESS; DIMENSION; MODEL
AB It has recently become a matter of discussion among geologists and geophysicists whether the topographic structure of the seafloor can be described as a fractal process, using the concepts of self-similarity and self-affinity. The objective of this study is to compare the implications of these concepts with observations of the seafloor. The analyses are based on multibeam sonar bathymetric data from two areas in the Pacific Ocean: the East Pacific Rise at 13-degrees-N/104-degrees-W and the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 44.8-degrees-N/130-degrees-W Using methods from geostatistics - the theory of regionalized variables - the bathymetric data are considered a stochastic process satisfying the intrinsic hypothesis. The essential step in the analysis is the application of a variogram criterion to test for self-similarity and self-affinity. Variograms are calculated for a range of scales to analyse the spatial continuity of the process depending on resolution. This leads to the following results: (1) The seafloor is not self-similar nor self-affine. Instead, scale-dependent spatial structures are observed, which may be related to scale-specific geologic processes; (2) According to the definition of a fractal as an object of Hausdorff dimension strictly exceeding its topological dimension, the seafloor may be a fractal. However, at small scales the seafloor is smoother than mean-square differentiable; (3) Possible scaling behaviour would call for a more complex concept than self-similarity or self-affinity based on the sequence of scale-dependent models; (4) According to model parameters that are specific for each area, slow and fast spreading oceanic ridges can be distinguished.
   The variogram criterion provides an easy-to-use tool to test whether any studied geophysical field, and more generally, any spatially defined process, is indeed scaling.
C1 NOAA,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365.
RP HERZFELD, UC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA.
RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011
OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611
NR 49
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0992-7689
J9 ANN GEOPHYS
JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 11
IS 6
BP 532
EP 541
PG 10
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA MC620
UT WOS:A1993MC62000010
ER

PT J
AU WEETALL, HH
AF WEETALL, HH
TI PREPARATION OF IMMOBILIZED PROTEINS COVALENTLY COUPLED THROUGH SILANE
   COUPLING AGENTS TO INORGANIC SUPPORTS
SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE SILANE; SILANE COUPLING; SILANIZATION; SILICA; METAL OXIDE
   IMMOBILIZATION; PROTEIN COUPLING; INORGANIC SUPPORTS; COUPLING
   EFFICIENCY; ENZYME; ENZYME KINETICS; ANTIGEN; ANTIBODY
ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION; CONTROLLED PORE GLASS; BOVINE
   SERUM-ALBUMIN; POROUS SILICA BEADS; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
   GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CELLULASE IMMOBILIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY;
   STATIONARY PHASES; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE
AB Enzymes were first immobilized on inorganic supports through silane coupling agents over 25 yr ago. Since that initial report, literally hundreds of laboratories have utilized this methodology for the immobilization of enzymes, antigens, antibodies, receptors, and other high and low mol wt compounds. Today silane coupling is one of the commonly used techniques in the arsenal of the biochemist for the binding of material of all sorts to inorganic surfaces. Inorganic materials come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and characteristics. Today silane coupling is one of the most used coupling methods for the preparation of biosensing devices. Sol-gel entrapped enzymes are also produced by the application of silane technology by the polymerization of the silane to form glass-like materials with entrapped protein. This review will discuss the general preparation and characterization of silane coupled proteins with special emphasis on enzymes and describe in detail the actual methods for the silanization and specific chemical coupling of proteins to the silanized carrier.
RP WEETALL, HH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20852, USA.
NR 104
TC 200
Z9 202
U1 5
U2 65
PU HUMANA PRESS INC
PI TOTOWA
PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512
SN 0273-2289
J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH
JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 41
IS 3
BP 157
EP 188
DI 10.1007/BF02916421
PG 32
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA LN236
UT WOS:A1993LN23600002
PM 8379662
ER

PT J
AU CROMER, CL
   EPPELDAUER, G
   HARDIS, JE
   LARASON, TC
   PARR, AC
AF CROMER, CL
   EPPELDAUER, G
   HARDIS, JE
   LARASON, TC
   PARR, AC
TI NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-STANDARDS-AND-TECHNOLOGY DETECTOR-BASED
   PHOTOMETRIC SCALE
SO APPLIED OPTICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CALIBRATION; CANDELA; ILLUMINANCE; LUMEN; LUMINOUS INTENSITY; LUX;
   MEASUREMENT; PHOTOMETER; PHOTOMETRY; SCALE; STANDARDS; UNITS
ID SILICON PHOTODIODES; TEMPERATURE; CANDELA; USSR
AB The Systeme International base unit for photometry, the candela, has been realized by using absolute detectors rather than absolute sources. This change in method permits luminous intensity calibrations of standard lamps with an expanded uncertainty of 0.46%, almost a factor-of-2 improvement. A group of eight reference photometers has been constructed with silicon photodiodes, matched with filters to mimic the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage spectral luminous efficiency function for photopic vision.The design, characterization, calibration, evaluation, and further application of the photometers are discussed.
RP CROMER, CL (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, TECHNOL ADM, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, PHYS LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 42
TC 30
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 1
PU OPTICAL SOC AMER
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-6935
J9 APPL OPTICS
JI Appl. Optics
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 16
BP 2936
EP 2948
PG 13
WC Optics
SC Optics
GA LE983
UT WOS:A1993LE98300009
PM 20829899
ER

PT J
AU MCLAUGHLIN, WL
AF MCLAUGHLIN, WL
TI SELIGMAN,HENRY - CO-FOUNDER AND EDITOR-IN-CHIEF OF JARI
SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP MCLAUGHLIN, WL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIAT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0969-8043
J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES
JI Appl. Radiat. Isot.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 44
IS 6
BP R5
EP R5
DI 10.1016/0969-8043(93)90038-C
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology,
   Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine &
   Medical Imaging
GA LK906
UT WOS:A1993LK90600001
ER

PT J
AU GUDEL, M
AF GUDEL, M
TI RADIO AND X-RAY-EMISSION FROM MAIN-SEQUENCE K-STARS (VOL 264, PG L31,
   1992)
SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RP GUDEL, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, CAMPUS BOX 440, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015
OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588
NR 4
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU EDP SCIENCES S A
PI LES ULIS CEDEX A
PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A,
   FRANCE
SN 0004-6361
J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS
JI Astron. Astrophys.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 273
IS 2
BP 719
EP 719
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LJ207
UT WOS:A1993LJ20700044
ER

PT J
AU WANG, QD
   MCCRAY, R
AF WANG, QD
   MCCRAY, R
TI ON THE ORIGIN OF THE SOFT-X-RAY BACKGROUND
SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE COSMOLOGY, OBSERVATIONS; DIFFUSE RADIATION; ISM, GENERAL; X-RAYS,
   GENERAL
ID SPECTRUM
AB Using two deep images from the ROSAT X-ray satellite, we have studied the angular autocorrelation function and spectrum of the soft X-ray background below a discrete source detection limit S(0.5-2 keV) almost-equal-to 1 x 10(-14) ergs s-2 cm-2. The autocorrelation function is used to determine the average spectral shape of pointlike sources that are still embedded in the background. We find that pointlike sources can account for 40%-60% of the observed background intensity in the 0.5-0.9 keV band (M band). The background spectrum is then decomposed into a pointlike source component characterized by a power law dI/dE almost-equal-to 9.5 E-0.7  keV s-1 cm-2 keV-1 sr-1 and a diffuse component represented by a two-temperature plasma. We find that whereas the 10(6) K gas in the Local Bubble dominates the background below about 0.3 keV, about 40% of the background radiation in the M band arises in a diffuse thermal component with a temperature of approximately 2.2 x 10(6) K. This component may represent an important constituent of the interstellar or intergalactic medium.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP WANG, QD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA.
NR 20
TC 47
Z9 47
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637
SN 0004-637X
J9 ASTROPHYS J
JI Astrophys. J.
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 409
IS 2
BP L37
EP L40
DI 10.1086/186854
PN 2
PG 4
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LC834
UT WOS:A1993LC83400002
ER

PT J
AU SHERIDAN, PJ
   SCHNELL, RC
   KAHL, JD
   BOATMAN, JF
   GARVEY, DM
AF SHERIDAN, PJ
   SCHNELL, RC
   KAHL, JD
   BOATMAN, JF
   GARVEY, DM
TI MICROANALYSIS OF THE AEROSOL COLLECTED OVER SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO
   DURING THE ALIVE FIELD EXPERIMENT, MAY DECEMBER 1989
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CY APR 03-05, 1991
CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SP AUSTRIAN FED MINIST ENVIRONM, AUSTRIAN FED MINIST SCI & TECHNOL, AUSTRIAN SOC ANAL CHEM, TECH UNIV VIENNA, INST ANAL CHEM
DE AETHALOMETER; AMMONIUM SULFATE; ANALYTICAL ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; CARBON
   SOOT; CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES; INDIVIDUAL PARTICLE ANALYSIS;
   MICROANALYSIS; SULFURIC ACID
ID ANALYTICAL ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; MUNICIPAL INCINERATOR; SPRING 1983;
   AGASP-II; PARTICLES; STATIONS
AB Thirty-eight size-segregated aerosol samples were collected in the lower troposphere over the high desert of south-central New Mexico, using cascade impactors mounted onboard two research aircraft. Four of these samples were collected in early May, sixteen in mid-July, and the remaining ones in December 1989, during three segments of the ALIVE field initiative. Analytical electron microscope analyses of aerosol deposits and individual particles from these samples were performed to physically and chemically characterize the major particulate species present in the aerosol.
   Air-mass trajectories arriving at the sampling area in the May program were quite different from those calculated for the July period. In general, the May trajectories showed strong westerly winds, while the July winds were weaker and southerly, consistently passing over or very near the border cities of El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Aerosol samples collected during the May period were predominantly fine (0.1-0.5 mum dia.), liquid H2SO4 droplets. Samples from the July experiment were comprised mostly of fine, solid (NH4)2SO4 or mostly neutralized sulfate particles. In both sampling periods, numerous other particle classes were observed, including many types with probable terrestrial or anthropogenic sources. The numbers of these particles, however, were small when compared with the sulfates. Composite particle types, including sulfate/crustal and sulfate/carbonaceous, were also found to be present. The major differences in aerosol composition between the May and July samples (i.e. the extensive neutralization of sulfates in the July samples) can be explained by considering the different aerosol transport pathways and the proximity of the July aerosol to the El Paso/Juarez urban plume.
   Winds during the December experiment were quite variable, and may have contributed to the widely varying aerosol compositions observed in these samples. When the aircraft sampled the El Paso/Juarez urban plume, high concentrations of carbonaceous particles were collected. These C-rich particles were of three distinct types, two of which showed combustion morphologies and the third an irregular morphology. Concurrent aethalometer measurements of aerosol black carbon concentration were well correlated (r = 0.83) with the total carbonaceous particle fraction in the aerosol samples. Carbonaceous particles were not observed in abundance in any of the May or July samples (even when the winds passed over El Paso), and we attribute the high concentrations in December to increased wintertime burning of wood, fossil fuels and other combustibles in the urban area.
C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOSCI,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201.
   NOAA,ARL,AEROSOL RES STN,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   USA,ATMOSPHER SCI LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002.
RP SHERIDAN, PJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 21
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0004-6981
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 8
BP 1169
EP 1183
DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90244-S
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ390
UT WOS:A1993LJ39000002
ER

PT J
AU KIM, YJ
   BOATMAN, JF
   GUNTER, RL
   WELLMAN, DL
   WILKISON, SW
AF KIM, YJ
   BOATMAN, JF
   GUNTER, RL
   WELLMAN, DL
   WILKISON, SW
TI VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION OVER
   SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CY APR 03-05, 1991
CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SP AUSTRIAN FED MINIST ENVIRONM, AUSTRIAN FED MINIST SCI & TECHNOL, AUSTRIAN SOC ANAL CHEM, TECH UNIV VIENNA, INST ANAL CHEM
DE ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AEROSOL SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENT;
   VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION; SOUTH-CENTRAL NEW-MEXICO
ID SCATTERING SPECTROMETER PROBE; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS
AB The vertical distribution of background atmospheric aerosols was measured over south-central New Mexico as a part of the Atmospheric Lidar Verification Experiment (ALIVE) during four research field periods in the summers and winters of 1989 and 1990. Aerosol size distribution was measured from the surface up to 4500 m above sea level (asl) over the particle size range 0.1 approximately 32 mum, using two Particle Measuring Systems (PMS) probes mounted on the wings of the NOAA King Air research aircraft.  Vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations of both fine- (0.1-2.0 mum) and coarse- (> 2.0 mum) particle modes show seasonal differences, with higher number concentrations and higher mixed layer heights during summers. The measured aerosol size distribution data of each ALIVE intensive were averaged for boundary layer and free troposphere regions.  These data mostly exhibit bi-modal distributions, typical for the continental atmospheric aerosols. Exceptions were the free troposphere size distributions measured during December 1989 (ALIVE III) and June 1990 (ALIVE IV), which resemble Junge's power-law distribution. Each of the averaged aerosol size distributions was approximated by the sum of two log-normal distributions. Different characteristics of aerosol size distribution were observed between the two summer measurements of 1989 and 1990. Back-trajectory analysis revealed that decreased aerosol concentrations were observed during June 1990 when the air mass was transported from the southwestern U.S.A.
C1 NOAA,ERL,ARL,AEROSOL RES SECT,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP KIM, YJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 19
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0004-6981
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 8
BP 1351
EP 1362
DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90261-V
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ390
UT WOS:A1993LJ39000019
ER

PT J
AU GUNTER, RL
   HANSEN, ADA
   BOATMAN, JF
   BODHAINE, BA
   SCHNELL, RC
   GARVEY, DM
AF GUNTER, RL
   HANSEN, ADA
   BOATMAN, JF
   BODHAINE, BA
   SCHNELL, RC
   GARVEY, DM
TI AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OVER SOUTH-CENTRAL
   NEW-MEXICO
SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CARBONACEOUS PARTICLES IN THE ATMOSPHERE
CY APR 03-05, 1991
CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA
SP AUSTRIAN FED MINIST ENVIRONM, AUSTRIAN FED MINIST SCI & TECHNOL, AUSTRIAN SOC ANAL CHEM, TECH UNIV VIENNA, INST ANAL CHEM
DE NEPHELOMETER; AETHALOMETER; BLACK CARBON; OPTICAL THICKNESS; ABSORPTION;
   SCATTERING; EXTINCTION
ID CARBON
AB We used a three wavelength nephelometer (449, 536 and 690 nm) and an aethalometer on board the NOAA King Air research aircraft to assess the contributions of aerosol optical scattering and absorption to shortwave extinction. The measurements were made over south-central New Mexico in February and July 1989. The winter measurements revealed a shallow, polluted planetary boundary layer with cleaner air above. The summer measurements showed a uniformly mixed planetary boundary layer extending from ground level to the operational ceiling of 4.5 km above ground. In both cases the total optical thickness values for the column were similar (0.03) and the fractional contribution of aerosol absorption to the extinction was between 5 and 10%. These results suggest that the aerosol extinction in summer and winter is similar, even though the planetary boundary layer thickness is quite different during the two seasons. They also demonstrate that a suitably instrumented light aircraft can profile the optical properties of the troposphere with high sensitivity and good spatial resolution.
C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720.
   NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
   UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   ATMOSPHER SCI LAB,WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE,NM 88002.
RP GUNTER, RL (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AIR RESOURCES LAB,AEROSOL RES SECT,325 BROADWAY REARX1,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0004-6981
J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 8
BP 1363
EP 1368
DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90262-W
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LJ390
UT WOS:A1993LJ39000020
ER

PT J
AU ACKERMAN, SA
   ELORANTA, EW
   GRUND, CJ
   KNUTESON, RO
   REVERCOMB, HE
   SMITH, WL
   WYLIE, DP
AF ACKERMAN, SA
   ELORANTA, EW
   GRUND, CJ
   KNUTESON, RO
   REVERCOMB, HE
   SMITH, WL
   WYLIE, DP
TI UNIVERSITY-OF-WISCONSIN CIRRUS REMOTE-SENSING PILOT EXPERIMENT
SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLIMATE; FEEDBACK; FIRE
AB During the period of 26 October 1989 through 6 December 1989 a unique complement of measurements was made at the University of Wisconsin-Madison to study the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Simultaneous observations were obtained from a scanning lidar, two interferometers, a high spectral resolution lidar, geostationary and polar orbiting satellites, radiosonde launches, and a whole-sky imager. This paper describes the experiment, the instruments deployed, and, as an example, the data collected during one day of the experiment.
C1 SPACE SCI & ENGN CTR,MADISON,WI.
   UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT METEOROL,MADISON,WI 53706.
   NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP ACKERMAN, SA (reprint author), COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,MADISON,WI, USA.
RI Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011
OI Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269
NR 16
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0003-0007
J9 B AM METEOROL SOC
JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 74
IS 6
BP 1041
EP 1049
DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<1041:UOWCRS>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK413
UT WOS:A1993LK41300005
ER

PT J
AU HUANG, HN
AF HUANG, HN
TI POROSITY-SIZE RELATIONSHIP OF DRILLING MUD FLOCS - FRACTAL STRUCTURE
SO CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS
LA English
DT Article
DE DRILLING MUD; FLOCS; FRACTAL; POROSITY
ID SETTLING VELOCITY; TERMINAL VELOCITY; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; PARTICLES;
   DENSITY; FLOCCULATION; AGGREGATION; SIMULATION; SYSTEMS; SPHERES
AB The porosities of flocs formed from a used drilling mud were determined by measuring sizes and settling speeds of individual flocs. These flocs were produced in a Couette-type flocculator under a variety of combinations of fluid shear and solid concentrations. In the calculation of floc porosities, a floc settling model was employed that can consider the effects of creeping flow through a floc on its settling speed. Results show that floc structure can be well described as a fractal with a fractal dimension of 1.53-1.64 for the floc size range tested. The effects of flocculation conditions, such as fluid shear and solid concentration, on floc porosity and structure were examined. It was found that floc porosity and fractal dimension were not influenced by solid concentration, but they increased as fluid shear decreased. Empirical expressions for the porosity of drilling mud flocs are obtained from both the floc settling model and Stokes' law. For solid volume fraction in flocs, the relative difference between these two expressions could be as much as 38%. However, the fractal dimensions estimated based on the two settling models are nearly the same.
RP HUANG, HN (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 40
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 2
U2 5
PU CLAY MINERALS SOCIETY
PI BOULDER
PA PO BOX 4416, BOULDER, CO 80306
SN 0009-8604
J9 CLAY CLAY MINER
JI Clay Clay Min.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 41
IS 3
BP 373
EP 379
DI 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410314
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mineralogy; Soil
   Science
SC Chemistry; Geology; Mineralogy; Agriculture
GA MC293
UT WOS:A1993MC29300014
ER

PT J
AU PATTERSON, GW
   TSITSATZARDIS, E
   WIKFORS, GH
   GLADU, PK
   CHITWOOD, DJ
   HARRISON, D
AF PATTERSON, GW
   TSITSATZARDIS, E
   WIKFORS, GH
   GLADU, PK
   CHITWOOD, DJ
   HARRISON, D
TI STEROLS OF TETRASELMIS (PRASINOPHYCEAE)
SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR
   BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MARINE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PHYTOPLANKTON;
   BIOSYNTHESIS; TAXONOMY; OYSTERS; DIATOMS; GROWTH
AB 1. Sterols were identified from 11 isolates of Tetraselmis, a unicellular Prasinophyte alp used frequently as food in mariculture.
   2. The principal sterol in eight isolates was either 24-methylenecholesterol or 24-methylcholesterol; the latter was determined to be campesterol in all cases.
   3. Campesterol is the first 24alpha sterol to be reported in the Prasinophyceae.
   4. In the remaining three isolates, cholesterol was the principal sterol with smaller amounts of 24-methylenecholesterol and campesterol present; in two of these strains total sterol approached 3% of dry weight.
   5. This is the first report of cholesterol as the principal sterol of a Prasinophyte; the C28 sterols found in Tetraselmis are the dominant sterols in most Prasinophyceae studied to date.
C1 LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728.
   UNIV ATHENS,DEPT PHARM,ATHENS,GREECE.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD,CT 06460.
   USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NEMATOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
   USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705.
RP PATTERSON, GW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT BOT,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA.
NR 28
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 3
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0305-0491
J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B
JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 105
IS 2
BP 253
EP 256
DI 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90225-T
PG 4
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology
GA LG478
UT WOS:A1993LG47800005
ER

PT J
AU BROWDER, JA
   MCCLELLAN, DB
   HARPER, DE
   KANDRASHOFF, MG
   KANDRASHOFF, W
AF BROWDER, JA
   MCCLELLAN, DB
   HARPER, DE
   KANDRASHOFF, MG
   KANDRASHOFF, W
TI A MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECT OBSERVED IN SEVERAL BISCAYNE BAY, FLORIDA,
   FISH SPECIES
SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
LA English
DT Article
DE SADDLEBACK; SCALE DISORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITY; DORSAL FIN
ID BRACHYDANIO-RERIO; ABNORMALITIES; ZEBRAFISH; STABILITY
AB Stunted or missing dorsal spines or rays, sometimes accompanied by a depression in the dorsal profile. were found in 10 fish species in six families from North Biscayne Bay. The same morphological abnormality occurred in Haemulon sciurus, H. parrai, H. plumieri, Lagodon rhomboides, Archosargus rhomboidalis, Diplodus argenteus, Lutjanus griseus, Kyphosus sectatrix, Sphoeroides testudineus, and Lactrophyrys quadricornis. Another morphological abnormality, scale disorientation, was found in six species: H. parrai, L. rhomboides, A. rhomboidalis, L. griseus, and Abudefduf saxatilis. Pugheadedness, jaw deformities, and other abnormalities also were observed. The occurrence of similar deformities across such a spectrum of fishes from the same location suggests the deformity was induced by something in the environment common to all these species. Although there could be other explanations for the unusual cluster of abnormalities, it is suspected that the same environmental contaminant or group of contaminants is adversely affecting a common developmental pathway of these fishes. Biscayne Bay is an urban estuary that receives agricultural, industrial, and residential run off.
RP BROWDER, JA (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
NR 40
TC 21
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 2
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1909
J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH
JI Environ. Biol. Fishes
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 37
IS 2
BP 181
EP 188
DI 10.1007/BF00000593
PG 8
WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LG567
UT WOS:A1993LG56700008
ER

PT J
AU BULGER, AJ
   HAYDEN, BP
   MONACO, ME
   NELSON, DM
   MCCORMICKRAY, MG
AF BULGER, AJ
   HAYDEN, BP
   MONACO, ME
   NELSON, DM
   MCCORMICKRAY, MG
TI BIOLOGICALLY-BASED ESTUARINE SALINITY ZONES DERIVED FROM A
   MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS
SO ESTUARIES
LA English
DT Article
ID ORDINATION
AB Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to derive estuarine salinity zones based on field data on the salinity ranges of 316 species/life stages in the mid-Atlantic region (chiefly Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay species). Application of PCA to the data matrix showed that the structure underlying a diversity of salinity distributions could be represented by only five Principal Components corresponding to five overlapping salinity zones: freshwater to 4 parts per thousand, 2-14 parts per thousand, 11-18 parts per thousand 16-27 parts per thousand, and 24 parts per thousand to marine. The derived salinity zonation showed both differences and similarities to the Venice System of estuarine zonation. However, unlike the static and essentially descriptive Venice System, the new method will allow researchers to establish biologically-relevant local salinity zones, and then develop hypotheses about the processes that give rise to the resulting patterns. Examples of this procedure are given for the mid-Atlantic region. The method used here may also be useful for studying distributions across other environmental gradients, such as temperature, pH, substrate, turbidity, vegetation, or latitude.
C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SURVEY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910.
   UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903.
RP BULGER, AJ (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA.
NR 30
TC 125
Z9 132
U1 1
U2 23
PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0160-8347
J9 ESTUARIES
JI Estuaries
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 16
IS 2
BP 311
EP 322
DI 10.2307/1352504
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LR099
UT WOS:A1993LR09900017
ER

PT J
AU READ, DT
   DALLY, JW
   SZANTO, M
AF READ, DT
   DALLY, JW
   SZANTO, M
TI SCANNING MOIRE AT HIGH MAGNIFICATION USING OPTICAL METHODS
SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
LA English
DT Article
AB Methods of employing scanning moire at high magnification are developed and demonstrated. Modern lithographic techniques for producing custom moire gratings with a frequency up to 250 l/mm are described. On a probing station equipped with a video system, pseudo-color moire fringes are produced using the scanning lines of the color charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera. Fringe multiplication from 1 to 5 is possible with correct combinations of magnification and grating pitch. An analysis is given to show that strain sensitivity depends only on the number of scanning lines used to record the image. The grating pitch and the magnification are important because they reduce the gage length of the strain measurement. The high-magnification scanning moire was used to study plastic- strain fields in an aluminum tensile specimen. Local disturbances in the strain field were observed at 2 to 2.5 percent applied strain. These discontinuities became more significant at higher levels of applied strain.
C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
   UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MECH ENGN,COLL PK,MD 20742.
RP READ, DT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 9
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 1
PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
PI BETHEL
PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801
SN 0014-4851
J9 EXP MECH
JI Exp. Mech.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 33
IS 2
BP 110
EP 116
DI 10.1007/BF02322486
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science,
   Characterization & Testing
SC Materials Science; Mechanics
GA LN673
UT WOS:A1993LN67300005
ER

PT J
AU SCHANTZ, MM
   PARRIS, RM
   KURZ, J
   BALLSCHMITER, K
   WISE, SA
AF SCHANTZ, MM
   PARRIS, RM
   KURZ, J
   BALLSCHMITER, K
   WISE, SA
TI COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR THE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF PCB
   CONGENERS AND CHLORINATED PESTICIDES IN MARINE REFERENCE MATERIALS
SO FRESENIUS JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACE ORGANIC-CONSTITUENTS; 2 CAPILLARY COLUMNS;
   POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES
AB Three gas-chromatographic (GC) columns with different selectivity (DB-5, DB-1701, and C-18) and two different GC detectors (electron-capture and mass-spectrometric) were used to analyze three Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), which are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and two Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), which are available from the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and chlorinated pesticides. The materials analyzed were: SRM 1588, Organics in Cod Liver Oil; SRM 1941, Organics in Marine Sediment; SRM 1974, Organics in Mussel Tissue (Mytilus edulis); CRM 349, Chlorobiphenyls in Cod Liver Oil; and CRM 350, Chlorobiphenyls in Mackerel Oil. Results from these different methods are compared, and concentrations for additional PCB congeners and chlorinated pesticides in these reference materials, which have not been measured previously, are reported.
C1 UNIV ULM KLINIKUM,DEPT ANALYT & ENVIRONM CHEM,W-7900 ULM,GERMANY.
RP SCHANTZ, MM (reprint author), NIST,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 25
TC 59
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 6
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0937-0633
J9 FRESEN J ANAL CHEM
JI Fresenius J. Anal. Chem.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 1993
VL 346
IS 6-9
BP 766
EP 778
DI 10.1007/BF00321288
PG 13
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA LM173
UT WOS:A1993LM17300057
ER

PT J
AU TANS, PP
   BERRY, JA
   KEELING, RF
AF TANS, PP
   BERRY, JA
   KEELING, RF
TI OCEANIC C-13/C-12 OBSERVATIONS - A NEW WINDOW ON OCEAN CO2 UPTAKE
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID CARBON ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; DIOXIDE; DELTA-C-13; RECORD; C-13; AIR;
   SEA
AB Equations are developed describing the rate of change of carbon isotopic ratios in the atmosphere and oceans in terms of deltaC-13 quantities. The equations enable one to perform calculations directly with delta and epsilon quantities commonly reported in the literature. The main cause of the change occurring today is the combustion of fossil fuel carbon with lower deltaC-13 values. The course of this isotopic anomaly in atmosphere and oceans can provide new constraints on the carbon budgets of these reservoirs. Recently published deltaC-13 isotopic data of total inorganic carbon in the oceans [Quay et al., 1992] appear to lead to incompatible results with respect to the uptake of fossil fuel CO2 by the oceans if two different approaches Lo the data are taken. Consideration of the air-sea isotopic disequilibrium leads to an uptake estimate of only a few tenths of a gigaton C (Gt, for 10(15) g) per year, whereas the apparent change in the ocean deltaC-13 inventory leads to an estimate of more than 2 Gt C yr-1. Both results are very uncertain with presently available data. The isotopic ratio has the advantage that the signal-to-noise ratio for the measurement of the uptake of the isotopic signal by the oceans is better than for the uptake of total carbon. The drawback is that isotopic exchange with carbon reservoirs that are difficult to characterize introduces uncertainty into the isotopic budget. The accuracy requirements for the measurements are high, demanding careful standardization at all stages.
C1 CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,DEPT PLANT BIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305.
   NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307.
RP TANS, PP (reprint author), NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,R E CGI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 35
TC 188
Z9 197
U1 1
U2 17
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 7
IS 2
BP 353
EP 368
DI 10.1029/93GB00053
PG 16
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA LG784
UT WOS:A1993LG78400009
ER

PT J
AU SARMIENTO, JL
   SLATER, RD
   FASHAM, MJR
   DUCKLOW, HW
   TOGGWEILER, JR
   EVANS, GT
AF SARMIENTO, JL
   SLATER, RD
   FASHAM, MJR
   DUCKLOW, HW
   TOGGWEILER, JR
   EVANS, GT
TI A SEASONAL 3-DIMENSIONAL ECOSYSTEM MODEL OF NITROGEN CYCLING IN THE
   NORTH-ATLANTIC EUPHOTIC ZONE
SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
LA English
DT Article
ID CATALYTIC-OXIDATION METHOD; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; OCEAN-CIRCULATION;
   ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DEEP-OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; CARBON; WATERS; IRON
AB A seven-component upper ocean ecosystem model of nitrogen cycling calibrated with observations at Bermuda Station ''S'' has been coupled to a three-dimensional seasonal general circulation model (GCM) of the North Atlantic ocean. The aim of this project is to improve our understanding of the role of upper ocean biological processes in controlling surface chemical distributions, and to develop approaches for assimilating large data sets relevant to this problem. A comparison of model predicted chlorophyll with satellite coastal zone color scanner observations shows that the ecosystem model is capable of responding realistically to a variety of physical forcing environments. Most of the discrepancies identified are due to problems with the GCM model. The new production predicted by the model is equivalent to 2 to 2.8 mol m-2 yr-1 of carbon uptake, or 8 to 12 GtC/yr on a global scale. The southern half of the subtropical gyre is the only major region of the model with almost complete surface nitrate removal (nitrate<0.1 mmol m-3). Despite this, almost the entire model is nitrate limited in the sense that any addition of nitrate supply would go predominantly into photosynthesis. The only exceptions are some coastal upwelling regions and the high latitudes during winter. where nitrate goes as high as approximately 10 mmol m-3.
C1 NERC,INST OCEANOG SCI,DEACON LAB,SOUTHAMPTON S01 7NS,ENGLAND.
   UNIV MARYLAND,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE SCI,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LABS,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613.
   PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
   FISHERIES & OCEANS CANADA,SCI BRANCH,ST JOHNS A1C 1A1,NEWFOUNDLAND,CANADA.
RP SARMIENTO, JL (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA.
NR 60
TC 214
Z9 216
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0886-6236
J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY
JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 7
IS 2
BP 417
EP 450
DI 10.1029/93GB00375
PG 34
WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology &
   Atmospheric Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA LG784
UT WOS:A1993LG78400012
ER

PT J
AU Booi, PAA
   Livingston, CA
   Benz, SP
AF Booi, Peter A. A.
   Livingston, Carol A.
   Benz, Samuel P.
TI Intrinsic Stress in dc Sputtered Niobium
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
AB The intrinsic mechanical stress of dc magnetron-sputtered Nb films is characterized as a function of sputtering parameters and target erosion. The zero-stress point shifts to lower cathode voltages as the target erodes. The zero-stress point was always characterized by the same cathode current-Ar pressure relationship.
C1 [Booi, Peter A. A.; Livingston, Carol A.; Benz, Samuel P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
RP Booi, PAA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-92-F-00040]; University of Twente in
   The Netherlands
FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research
   under contract no. N00014-92-F-00040. P. A. A. Booi acknowledges the
   support of the University of Twente in The Netherlands.
NR 6
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 4
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 1051-8223
EI 1558-2515
J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON
JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 3
IS 2
BP 3029
EP 3031
DI 10.1109/77.257236
PG 3
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied
SC Engineering; Physics
GA V30NR
UT WOS:000208823200005
ER

PT J
AU PAULTER, NG
   STAFFORD, RB
AF PAULTER, NG
   STAFFORD, RB
TI REDUCING THE EFFECTS OF RECORD TRUNCATION DISCONTINUITIES IN WAVE-FORM
   RECONSTRUCTIONS
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
LA English
DT Article
ID STEP
AB Record truncation discontinuities (RTD's) are artifacts in recorded data caused by the difference between the values of the data at the two ends of the record. The RTD causes errors in waveform reconstructions, in particular, in digital reconstructions that use a deconvolution process. Consequently, we examine the effects of these RTD's on reconstructions of discrete-time waveforms. Four previously proposed methods for reducing the effects of the RTD on the spectra of step-like waveforms are examined for application in deconvolution, and a comparison of their effects in deconvolution is given. An analysis of the errors is given for each case.
RP PAULTER, NG (reprint author), NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 8
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9456
J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS
JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 42
IS 3
BP 695
EP 700
DI 10.1109/19.231592
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA LU168
UT WOS:A1993LU16800003
ER

PT J
AU LLACER, J
   VEKLEROV, E
   COAKLEY, KJ
   HOFFMAN, EJ
   NUNEZ, J
AF LLACER, J
   VEKLEROV, E
   COAKLEY, KJ
   HOFFMAN, EJ
   NUNEZ, J
TI STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS OF MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATOR IMAGES OF HUMAN
   BRAIN FDG PET STUDIES
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING
LA English
DT Article
ID POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; EM ALGORITHM; RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM;
   ACCIDENTAL COINCIDENCES; QUANTITATION; ATTENUATION; FEASIBILITY; NOISE
AB The work presented in this paper evaluates the statistical characteristics of regional bias and expected error in reconstructions of real PET data of human brain fluorodeoxiglucose (FDG) studies carried out by the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) method with a robust stopping rule, and compares them with the results of filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstructions and with the method of sieves.
   The task that we have investigated is that of quantifying radioisotope uptake in regions-of-interest (ROI's). We first describe a robust methodology for the use of the MLE method with clinical data which contains only one adjustable parameter: the kernel size for a Gaussian filtering operation that determines final resolution and expected regional error. Simulation results are used to establish the fundamental characteristics of the reconstructions obtained by our methodology, corresponding to the case in which the transition matrix is perfectly known. Then, data from 72 independent human brain FDG scans from four patients are used to show that the results obtained from real data are consistent with the simulation, although the quality of the data and of the transition matrix have an effect on the final outcome. The most important results are that, for equal resolution, expected pixel-by-pixel error in the MLE and sieves reconstructions are lower in the regions of low counts than in the regions of high counts, the lowest being for the MLE. In contrast, FBP reconstructions show an expected error that is high and nearly independent of the number of counts in a region. As a consequence, the determination of radioisotope uptake in ROI's of high activity has approximately the same standard deviation in MLE, sieves, and FBP reconstructions, while the standard deviation in ROI's of low uptake is substantially lower for MLE, while sieves take an intermediate value. The use of a well-constructed Monte Carlo transition matrix improves all the results with real data in a measurable way. We conclude that our proposed MLE methodology and the method of sieves have a definite advantage over FBP. There is a tradeoff between shorter computation time, a slight bias but lower standard deviation for MLE and longer computation time, a basically unbiased estimation but higher standard deviation for sieves.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV STAT ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD USA.
   UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, SCH MED, DEPT RADIOL SCI, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA.
   UNIV BARCELONA, FAC FIS, BARCELONA 7, SPAIN.
RP LLACER, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV ENGN, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA.
NR 41
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI PISCATAWAY
PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA
SN 0278-0062
EI 1558-254X
J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING
JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 12
IS 2
BP 215
EP 231
DI 10.1109/42.232250
PG 17
WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering,
   Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic
   Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
GA LV990
UT WOS:A1993LV99000009
PM 18218409
ER

PT J
AU WILLIAMS, DF
   MARKS, RB
AF WILLIAMS, DF
   MARKS, RB
TI RECIPROCITY RELATIONS IN WAVE-GUIDE JUNCTIONS
SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
AB The Lorentz reciprocity condition is applied to junctions composed of reciprocal media which connect uniform but otherwise arbitrary waveguides. An expression relating the forward and reverse transmission coefficients is derived and factored into two terms: the first involving the phase of the reference impedance in the guide, and the second a new reciprocity factor. The usual condition equating the forward and reverse transmission coefficients is shown not to hold in the general case. Experimental evidence supporting the theoretical results is presented.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP WILLIAMS, DF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MICROWAVE METROL GRP,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 12
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394
SN 0018-9480
J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY
JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.
PD JUN-JUL
PY 1993
VL 41
IS 6-7
BP 1105
EP 1110
DI 10.1109/22.238534
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
SC Engineering
GA MC680
UT WOS:A1993MC68000032
ER

PT J
AU PADMAJA, S
   NETA, P
   HUIE, RE
AF PADMAJA, S
   NETA, P
   HUIE, RE
TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR SOME REACTIONS OF INORGANIC RADICALS WITH
   INORGANIC-IONS - TEMPERATURE AND SOLVENT DEPENDENCE
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER; REDUCTANTS; WATER
AB Rate constants for several reactions of inorganic radicals with inorganic anions in aqueous and aqueous/acetonitrile solutions have been measured as a function of temperature by laser flash photolysis. The reactions studied were (1) Cl2.- + N3-, (2) Br2.- + N3-, (3) Cl2.- + SCN-, (4) Br2.- + SCN-, (5) SO4.- + Cl-, (6) SO4.- + CO32-, and (7) N3. + I-. The rate constants were corrected for ionic strength and ranged from 10(6) to 10(9) L mol-1 s-1. The Arrhenius activation energies varied from 2 to 12 kJ mol-1 for the first 4 reactions, were higher for reaction 6, and negative for reaction 5. The pre-exponential factors also varied considerably with log A ranging from 5 to 14. The values of k298 decreased in most cases by more than an order of magnitude upon increasing the acetonitrile (ACN) fraction from 0 to 70%. For most reactions, this decrease in k298 was due to changes in log A with little regularity in the small changes observed in E(a). For reaction 7, k298 was practically unchanged due to compensating effects of the changes in E(a) and log A with ACN mol fraction, giving an isokinetic relationship. An isokinetic relationship was also observed in the case of reaction 6; E(a) and log A change in parallel while changing ACN mol fraction. Reaction 3 (Cl2.- + SCN-) was also studied in water/t-butanol and water/acetic acid mixtures. Linear correlation was found between log k and the dielectric constant of the medium for water/ACN and water/t-BuOH but the lines for the two solvent mixtures had different slopes, suggesting specific solvation effects in addition to the primary solvent polarity effects. With water/acetic acid k decreased and then increased upon addition of acetic acid.
RP PADMAJA, S (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010
NR 15
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 6
BP 447
EP 455
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LD490
UT WOS:A1993LD49000003
ER

PT J
AU THOMPSON, JE
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
AF THOMPSON, JE
   RAVISHANKARA, AR
TI KINETICS OF O((1)D) REACTIONS WITH BROMOCARBONS
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET; O(1D2); PHOTOLYSIS; O(3PJ); 248-NM; YIELDS; O-3; O3; NM
AB The rate coefficients for the removal of O(1D) by reaction with the following seven bromocarbons were measured using time-resolved vacuum UV atomic resonance fluorescence detection of (O(P))-P-3: CH3Br, CH2Br2, CHBr3, CF3Br (Halon-1301), CF2Br2 (Halon-1202), CF2ClBr (Halon-1211), and CF2BrCF2Br (Halon-2402). The branching ratios for the quenching of O(1D) to O(P))-P-3 by the above molecules were also determined. From these measurements, the rate coefficients for reactive and nonreactive loss of O(1D) were calculated. These results are discussed in terms of their atmospheric relevance and trends in reactivity of O(1D) with hydrocarbons upon halogen substitution.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP THOMPSON, JE (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011
NR 17
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 1
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0538-8066
J9 INT J CHEM KINET
JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 25
IS 6
BP 479
EP 487
DI 10.1002/kin.550250607
PG 9
WC Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LD490
UT WOS:A1993LD49000006
ER

PT J
AU BLIVEN, LF
   GIOVANANGELI, JP
   WANNINKHOF, RH
   CHAPRON, B
AF BLIVEN, LF
   GIOVANANGELI, JP
   WANNINKHOF, RH
   CHAPRON, B
TI A LABORATORY STUDY OF FRICTION-VELOCITY ESTIMATES FROM SCATTEROMETRY -
   LOW AND HIGH REGIMES
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
ID WIND-WAVE TANK; RADAR BACKSCATTER; SEA-SURFACE; ROUGHNESS; MODEL; SPEED
AB Measurements from scatterometers pointing at wind-waves in three large wave-tanks are examined to study fetch effects and the correlation with wind friction-velocity u*. Time-series measurements were made at 13, 35, and 95 m with a K(a)-band scatterometer aimed upwind at 30-degrees incidence angle and vertical polarization. Average normalized radar cross-section sigma0 values from all fetches follow a common trend for sigma0 as a function of u*, so the fetch dependence is negligible. An empirical power-law model yields a high correlation between sigma0 and u*, but because systematic anomalies arise, we re-examine a turbulence approach that delineates low and high regimes with a transition at u* of approximately 25 cm s-1. Using this criteria, the data are well represented by a two-section power-law relationship between sigma0 and u*.
C1 INST MECAN STAT TURBULENCE,F-13303 MARSEILLE,FRANCE.
   NOAA,AOML,DEPT OCEAN CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149.
   IFREMER,CTR BREST,DROOS,F-29270 PLOUZANE,FRANCE.
RP BLIVEN, LF (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HYDROSPHER PROC LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA.
RI bliven, francis/E-1450-2012; Chapron, Bertrand/O-6527-2015
NR 24
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI LONDON
PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE
SN 0143-1161
J9 INT J REMOTE SENS
JI Int. J. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 14
IS 9
BP 1775
EP 1785
PG 11
WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
GA LR589
UT WOS:A1993LR58900011
ER

PT J
AU MILDNER, DFR
   ARIF, M
   STONE, CA
   CRAWFORD, RK
AF MILDNER, DFR
   ARIF, M
   STONE, CA
   CRAWFORD, RK
TI THE NEUTRON TRANSMISSION OF SINGLE-CRYSTAL SAPPHIRE FILTERS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
AB The wavelength dependence of the transmission probability of a beam of neutrons through super optical quality single-crystal sapphire at room temperature has been measured. The measurements extend over the neutron wavelength range 0.05-1.2 nm. Sharp dips in the transmission caused by Bragg reflection are not found. The data below the dip around 0.2 nm in the cross section have been fitted to a function that accounts for multiphonon scattering. Measurements performed on single crystals with increased lattice distortion (or mosaic spread) show an increase in the cross section at long wavelengths. The attenuation of room-temperature Al2O3 is not significantly different from that for liquid-nitrogen-cooled MgO.
C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439.
RP MILDNER, DFR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 14
TC 15
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 5
PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0021-8898
J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR
JI J. Appl. Crystallogr.
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 26
BP 438
EP 447
DI 10.1107/S0021889893000433
PN 3
PG 10
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography
SC Chemistry; Crystallography
GA LL528
UT WOS:A1993LL52800018
ER

PT J
AU INTRIERI, JM
   STEPHENS, GL
   EBERHARD, WL
   UTTAL, T
AF INTRIERI, JM
   STEPHENS, GL
   EBERHARD, WL
   UTTAL, T
TI A METHOD FOR DETERMINING CIRRUS CLOUD PARTICLE SIZES USING LIDAR AND
   RADAR BACKSCATTER TECHNIQUE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ICE; MICROWAVE; CLIMATE
AB A method to determine cirrus cloud effective radii remotely using lidar and radar backscatter data is presented. The difference in backscattered returns from instruments widely separated in wavelength holds information on the characteristic sizes of the scatterers. The method compares theoretically expected backscatter coefficients to observed backscatter returns from NOAA's 3.2-cm; and 8.6-mm radars and the 10.6-mum lidar. Measurements were taken during a two-phase cloud experiment held in northeastern Colorado from 6 September to 5 October 1989 and 15 February to 31 March 1991. It was found that the particle sizes estimated from the lidar-radar method agree closely with in situ aircraft measurements. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the method and the potential for multiwavelength remote sensing of cirrus cloud radiative properties.
C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523.
   NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP INTRIERI, JM (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015
NR 33
TC 75
Z9 77
U1 2
U2 7
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 6
BP 1074
EP 1082
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1074:AMFDCC>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LF076
UT WOS:A1993LF07600004
ER

PT J
AU MARKS, FD
   ATLAS, D
   WILLIS, PT
AF MARKS, FD
   ATLAS, D
   WILLIS, PT
TI PROBABILITY-MATCHED REFLECTIVITY RAINFALL RELATIONS FOR A HURRICANE FROM
   AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CONVECTIVE RAINFALL; AREA INTEGRALS; RADAR
AB The probability-matching method (PMM) was used to determine the relation between the distribution of equivalent reflectivity Z(e) measured by an airborne C-band radar and that for concurrently measured rain rate R by a disdrometer on the same aircraft in the eyewall and outer bands of Hurricane Anita in 1977. When the PMM is applied to the disdrometer population of Z's and R's one finds that the Z-R relations differ significantly from those obtained by linear regression of their logarithms. Such regression relations are deceptive. When PMM is applied to the set of Z(e)'s and R's we get a family of Z(e)-R relations as a function of range which differ significantly from the traditional disdrometer-based Z-R relation for hurricanes by Jorgensen and Willis (JW). These new relations are approximate power laws with slope (exponent) which decrease with increasing range. At ranges less than about 35 km the reflectivity in the eyewall exceeds that in the outer bands and is consistent with the expectation from the disdrometer-based relations. At greater ranges the converse is true due to beamwidth averaging over a broader beam and different vertical profiles of reflectivity in the eyewall and outer bands. We also devise a method to obtain an ''effective zero-range'' Z(e)-R relation. This differs from the JW relation by -8.2 dBZ and reflects an error in the radar calibration. This approach is a novel way to calibrate an airborne meteorological radar. The methods may be used with any type of rainstorms and provide a means of using airborne radar and disdrometer systems for air-truthing rainfall measurements from space.
C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771.
RP MARKS, FD (reprint author), NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA.
RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Willis, Paul/I-7034-2013
OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Willis, Paul/0000-0003-4506-9813
NR 20
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8763
J9 J APPL METEOROL
JI J. Appl. Meteorol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 32
IS 6
BP 1134
EP 1141
DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1134:PMRRRF>2.0.CO;2
PG 8
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LF076
UT WOS:A1993LF07600009
ER

PT J
AU SCHREYER, A
   ZEIDLER, T
   MORAWE, C
   METOKI, N
   ZABEL, H
   ANKNER, JF
   MAJKRZAK, CF
AF SCHREYER, A
   ZEIDLER, T
   MORAWE, C
   METOKI, N
   ZABEL, H
   ANKNER, JF
   MAJKRZAK, CF
TI SPIN-POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY STUDY OF A CO CU SUPERLATTICE
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID MAGNETIC DEPTH PROFILES; DIFFRACTION; MULTILAYERS; LAYERS
AB We present spin polarized neutron reflectivity data on a Co/Cu (111) superlattice and show how not only the magnitude but also the orientation of the average magnetic moment of each layer can be extracted by analyzing the polarization of the reflected beam. This method allows more detailed conclusions about the exchange coupling of magnetic layers across nonmagnetic interlayers and the magnetic in-plane anisotropy in such systems. We present a theoretical fit to the spin-flip and non-spin-flip data which leads to quantitative conclusions about the spin structure. These spin polarized neutron reflectivity results coincide well with the macroscopic magnetic properties which were measured using the magneto-optic Kerr effect revealing a newly discovered uniaxial anisotropy in this system.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SCHREYER, A (reprint author), RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,W-4630 BOCHUM 1,GERMANY.
RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009; 
OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 73
IS 11
BP 7616
EP 7621
DI 10.1063/1.353958
PG 6
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LE952
UT WOS:A1993LE95200092
ER

PT J
AU NGUYEN, NV
   PELLEGRINO, JG
   AMIRTHARAJ, PM
   SEILER, DG
   QADRI, SB
AF NGUYEN, NV
   PELLEGRINO, JG
   AMIRTHARAJ, PM
   SEILER, DG
   QADRI, SB
TI INTERFACE ROUGHNESS OF SHORT-PERIOD ALAS GAAS SUPERLATTICES STUDIED BY
   SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERBAND-TRANSITIONS; ERRORS
AB Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been used to study the effects of interface roughness on the optical properties of ultrathin short-period 3 X 3 GaAs/AlAs superlattices grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The complex dielectric function and thickness of the whole superlattice and the thickness of the native oxide overlayer were simultaneously determined by an inversion technique from data in the 1.5-5.0 eV region. The main optical critical points E0, E0 + DELTA0, E1, E1 + DELTA1, and E2 were deduced by line-shape fitting of the second derivative of the complex dielectric function of the superlattice to the analytical line-shape expression. The interface roughness is found to shift the optical transitions, except E2, to higher energy and broaden their line shapes. A simple interpretation of the shift and broadening is given. The interface roughness and layer thicknesses obtained by SE are found to be consistent with the results of x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering studies previously reported. The results in this study demonstrate the capability of the post-growth nondestructive characterization by SE to provide useful information about the interface quality of superlattice structures, and consequently to optimize the MBE growth conditions in order to achieve the desired structural parameters.
C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CONDENSED MATTER,WASHINGTON,DC 20375.
RP NGUYEN, NV (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0021-8979
J9 J APPL PHYS
JI J. Appl. Phys.
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 73
IS 11
BP 7739
EP 7746
DI 10.1063/1.353972
PG 8
WC Physics, Applied
SC Physics
GA LE952
UT WOS:A1993LE95200106
ER

PT J
AU DUTTON, EG
AF DUTTON, EG
TI AN EXTENDED COMPARISON BETWEEN LOWTRAN7 COMPUTED AND OBSERVED BROAD-BAND
   THERMAL IRRADIANCES - GLOBAL EXTREME AND INTERMEDIATE SURFACE CONDITIONS
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB Differences between observed and LOWTRAN7-computed downward longwave irradiances were examined at each of four globally diverse locations for an entire year at each site. The final results are restricted to times determined to be completely or nearly cloud-free. The irradiances from 367 such times range from 60 to 435 W m-2, and results indicate that the modeled irradiances and those measured directly using a pyrgeometer agree to within 5 W m-2 at individual sites and to within less than 0.2 W m-2 when averaged over all four sites, neglecting any site-specific biases. The standard deviations and standard errors associated with these results are roughly 10 and 1 W m-2, respectively. An unbiased estimate of the agreement between the model and observations results in a mean difference of 0.62 W m-2 with standard deviation of 5 W m-2 but an even larger 95% confidence interval because of the small sample size. The comparison variance can be logically ascribed to a number of different sources, including atmospheric variability and inhomogeneity, as well as to short-term instrument and LOWTRAN7 input variations. LOWTRAN7 and the observations agree better, in the mean, than the commonly accepted uncertainties for either would suggest. Maximum cloud radiative forcing at the surface for each site is quantified as a by-product of the comparison process.
RP DUTTON, EG (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,MAIL CODE RECGI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 10
IS 3
BP 326
EP 336
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0326:AECBLC>2.0.CO;2
PG 11
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LM205
UT WOS:A1993LM20500006
ER

PT J
AU HERMANN, AJ
   HSU, HM
AF HERMANN, AJ
   HSU, HM
TI A VERTICAL COORDINATE MAPPING TECHNIQUE FOR SEMISPECTRAL PRIMITIVE
   EQUATION MODELS OF OCEANIC CIRCULATION
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
AB A stretched coordinate technique for semispectral hydrodynamic models is described that allows for greater flexibility in the placement of model grid points. Stretching is implemented here for the vertical coordinate of an oceanic model that employs Chebyshev polynomials to represent the vertical structure. A three-dimensional test demonstrates how, for a fixed number of vertical levels, the technique may permit greater accuracy in the simulation of linear internal waves, by allowing the placement of grid points closer to the regions of maximum curvature in the represented velocity fields. A one-dimensional test demonstrates enhanced resolution of mixed-layer dynamics by allowing the placement of more of the available grid points, evenly spaced, near the ocean surface, with broader spacing below. These improvements are achieved with negligible computational overhead. While the method cannot yield improved accuracy for all situations, in appropriate cases it permits reduced computation for an accurate result by reducing the number of basis functions necessary for adequate resolution of the modeled fields, Some guidelines are presented for its application, along with cautions as to where the technique is disadvantageous.
RP HERMANN, AJ (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,BLDG 3,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 0
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0739-0572
J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH
JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 10
IS 3
BP 381
EP 396
DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0381:AVCMTF>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LM205
UT WOS:A1993LM20500011
ER

PT J
AU DRYER, M
AF DRYER, M
TI SOLAR CONNECTION TO TRANSIENT INTERPLANETARY PROCESSES
SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS
AB Described herein is an international, interdisciplinary project on the Solar connection of Transient Interplanetary Processes (SOLTIP). This project's primary objective is to promote international cooperation (among all ground-based and spacecraft-based observers as well as modelers, theoreticians and numerical simulators) to study interplanetary phenomena that are initiated at the Sun and then propagate through heliospheric space (in particular, toward Earth). Scientifically, this strategy will advance our understanding of the physical processes of the linkages between solar activity and the subsequent interplanetary activity and, in many cases, geomagnetic activity.
   Understanding the transfer of mass, energy, and momentum from the Sun to Earth under a variety of solar perturbations, therefore, is a major objective of this Project. SOLTIP will operate during the period covered by the STEP Programme of SCOSTEP (1990-1997).
RP DRYER, M (reprint author), NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB
SN 0021-9169
J9 J ATMOS TERR PHYS
JI J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 55
IS 7
BP 947
EP 958
DI 10.1016/0021-9169(93)90088-G
PG 12
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA KY043
UT WOS:A1993KY04300003
ER

PT J
AU DESER, C
   BATES, JJ
   WAHL, S
AF DESER, C
   BATES, JJ
   WAHL, S
TI THE INFLUENCE OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS ON STRATIFORM
   CLOUDINESS ALONG THE EQUATORIAL FRONT IN THE PACIFIC-OCEAN
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Article
ID WAVES; CIRCULATION
AB Satellite observations of visible cloudiness and sea surface temperature (SST) are used to test the hypothesis that the configuration of cool low-level winds blowing across a sharp SST front in the equatorial eastern gives rise to stratiform clouds on the warm (downstream) side of the front. The results show that there is a maximum in low clouds over the equatorial front during the cold season of 1988 when the front and cross-isotherm winds were strong. The low-cloud maximum was reduced in the warm El Nino year of 1987, consistent with the weakening of the front. Instability waves along the equatorial front were pronounced during the summer and autumn of 1988. The results show a strong association between visible cloud and the SST waves, with enhanced (reduced) cloudiness in the warm troughs (cold crests) of the waves.
C1 NOAA,ERL,DIV CLIMATE RES,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP DESER, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009
OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406
NR 23
TC 61
Z9 65
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 6
BP 1172
EP 1180
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1172:TIOSST>2.0.CO;2
PG 9
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK397
UT WOS:A1993LK39700015
ER

PT J
AU HALPERN, D
   JI, M
AF HALPERN, D
   JI, M
TI AN EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER WEEKLY HINDCAST OF
   UPPER-OCEAN TEMPERATURE ALONG THE EASTERN PACIFIC EQUATOR IN JANUARY
   1992
SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
LA English
DT Note
ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; EL NINO
AB The upper-ocean temperature distribution along the Pacific equator from 139-degrees to 103-degrees-W was observed in January 1992 with temperature profiles recorded from a ship and inferred from an ocean general circulation model calculation involving data assimilation (i.e., hindcast). An El Nino episode was in progress. The 100-m-thick mixed layer depth, the mixed-layer temperature, and the depth-averaged temperature below the thermocline were similar in both data products. Considerable differences occurred in the representation of the 15-degrees-25-degrees-C thermocline, such as the depth-averaged temperatures above and below the 20-degrees-C isotherm, the east-west slope of the 20-degrees-C isotherm, and a 1000-km-wide depression. The longitudinal-averaged root-mean-square difference between the hindcast and observed depths of the center of the thermocline was 17 m. Most of the disparities could be attributed to a high wavenumber transient event that the model-based assimilation system was not intended to resolve.
C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,COUPLED MODEL PROJECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233.
RP HALPERN, D (reprint author), JET PROP LAB,DEPT EARTH & SPACE SCI,4800 OAK GROVE DR,PASADENA,CA 91109, USA.
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0894-8755
J9 J CLIMATE
JI J. Clim.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 6
BP 1221
EP 1226
DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1221:AEOTNM>2.0.CO;2
PG 6
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LK397
UT WOS:A1993LK39700019
ER

PT J
AU KLEMAS, VV
   DOBSON, JE
   FERGUSON, RL
   HADDAD, KD
AF KLEMAS, VV
   DOBSON, JE
   FERGUSON, RL
   HADDAD, KD
TI A COASTAL LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM FOR THE NOAA COASTWATCH
   CHANGE ANALYSIS PROJECT
SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
AB A land cover classification system for coastal uplands, wetlands, and photic submersed habitats has been developed for NOAA's C-CAP Project in support of management of fisheries habitats and living marine resources and to provide opportunities for federal, state, and regional cooperation and data sharing. The classification system is hierarchical, reflects ecological relationships, optimizes discrimination by satellite remote sensors, and is usable with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It is compatible with other data bases, e.g., the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) and the USGS Land Use/Land Cover Classification System. The C-CAP classification system includes three major categories: uplands, wetlands, and water and submerged lands. While the latter two categories are the primary areas of interest for NOAA, uplands are also included because land use there may influence adjacent wetlands and water bodies. The C-CAP classification was designed for use with satellite imagery; it represents an adaptation of three earlier systems: ANDERSON et al. (1976), COWARDIN et al. (1979), and USGS (1992).
C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516.
   STATE FLORIDA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701.
   OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831.
RP KLEMAS, VV (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,COLL MARINE STUDIES,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA.
NR 34
TC 48
Z9 51
U1 1
U2 10
PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044
SN 0749-0208
J9 J COASTAL RES
JI J. Coast. Res.
PD SUM
PY 1993
VL 9
IS 3
BP 862
EP 872
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology
GA LK503
UT WOS:A1993LK50300019
ER

PT J
AU HUNSTON, D
AF HUNSTON, D
TI FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR COMPOSITES
SO JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP HUNSTON, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,POLYMER COMPOSITES GRP,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS
PI W CONSHOHOCKEN
PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959
SN 0884-6804
J9 J COMPOS TECH RES
JI J. Compos. Technol. Res.
PD SUM
PY 1993
VL 15
IS 2
BP 178
EP 179
PG 2
WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science
SC Materials Science; Polymer Science
GA LK559
UT WOS:A1993LK55900011
ER

PT J
AU MINIOTIS, NJ
   BENNETT, PS
   JOHNSTON, AD
AF MINIOTIS, NJ
   BENNETT, PS
   JOHNSTON, AD
TI MOLAR EFFICIENCY STUDY OF CHLORINATED NPG SUBSTITUTES IN DENTIN BONDING
SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID HARD TOOTH TISSUES; N-PHENYLGLYCINE; ADHESIVE; SYSTEM
AB This study evaluated and compared the contributions to dentin adhesive bonding of three N-phenylglycine analogues with electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring. These electron-deficient ''N-compounds'' included: N-(4-chlorophenyl)-glycine (NCPG), N-methyl-N-(4-chlorphenyl)-glycine (NMNCPG), and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-glycine (NDCPG). An experimental three-step dentin-bonding protocol that consisted of sequential application of acidic ferric oxalate solution, an N-compound in acetone, and a surface-active comonomer in acetone was used. The first and third steps were held constant throughout the study. Each N-compound (NCPG, NMNCPG, NDCPG) was used in step two at ten concentrations ranging from 0.0 mol/L (pure acetone) to 5 x 10(-1) mol/L, depending on solubility. After overnight storage in distilled water, the dentin-to-composite bonds were broken in tension. The data were analyzed with ANOVA, and multiple comparisons were performed with Duncan's Multiple Range test. All statistical tests were controlled at alpha = 0.05. At 5 x 10(-3) mol/L, the relative effectiveness of the three N-compounds (as measured by tensile bond strengths) was NMNCPG > NCPG > NDCPG. Of all concentrations studied, the mean bond strengths produced with NMNCPG were statistically as-good as or better than those produced by the other two compounds, and NCPG was always as good as or better than NDCPG. Increased electron-withdrawing from the nitrogen of the amine group by the substituents narrowed the effective concentration range for dentin bonding and, in general, produced lower mean bond strengths between dentin and composite.
C1 USN,SCH DENT,BETHESDA,MD 20814.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RI Rastelli, Marcio/B-8034-2011
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05129, DE09322]
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314
SN 0022-0345
J9 J DENT RES
JI J. Dent. Res.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 72
IS 6
BP 1045
EP 1049
DI 10.1177/00220345930720060901
PG 5
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
GA LG411
UT WOS:A1993LG41100015
PM 8496477
ER

PT J
AU COFFEY, HE
AF COFFEY, HE
TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA
SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
LA English
DT Note
RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR A SOLAR TERR PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0148-0227
J9 J GEOPHYS RES
JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys.
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 98
IS A6
BP 9363
EP 9363
DI 10.1029/93JA01260
PG 1
WC Astronomy & Astrophysics
SC Astronomy & Astrophysics
GA LG058
UT WOS:A1993LG05800019
ER

PT J
AU PADTURE, NP
AF PADTURE, NP
TI POSTFAILURE SUBSIDIARY CRACKING FROM INDENTATION FLAWS IN BRITTLE
   MATERIALS
SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION; CERAMICS; DAMAGE; SOLIDS; FRACTURE;
   STRENGTH; SYSTEM
AB Vickers indentation sites in ceramics have been examined after specimen failure from median/radial indentation cracks. Evolution of a new cracking pattern of ''ortho-lateral'' cracks, originating at the intact corners of the Vickers indentation and running orthogonal to the classic-lateral cracks and parallel to the new fracture surface, has been observed. In some instances postfailure extension of the classic-lateral cracks toward the surface was also observed. Enhanced residual tensile stress from relaxation of constraints on the indentation-plastic cavity by the generation of a fracture surface is postulated to drive the subsidiary cracking. A simple qualitative model to explain this phenomenon is presented. Possible implications of such postfailure subsidiary cracking on residual-stress-driven flaws, postmortem fractography, and wear in ceramics are discussed.
RP PADTURE, NP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
RI Padture, Nitin/A-9746-2009
OI Padture, Nitin/0000-0001-6622-8559
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 2
PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY
PI PITTSBURGH
PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237
SN 0884-2914
J9 J MATER RES
JI J. Mater. Res.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 6
BP 1411
EP 1417
DI 10.1557/JMR.1993.1411
PG 7
WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Materials Science
GA LE828
UT WOS:A1993LE82800031
ER

PT J
AU HOUGEN, JT
   OHASHI, N
AF HOUGEN, JT
   OHASHI, N
TI TUNNELING SPLITTING PATTERNS IN 2 FORMS OF THE METHANOL-WATER DIMER
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID SPECTRUM; CH3OH
C1 KANAZAWA UNIV,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,KANAZAWA,ISHIKAWA 920,JAPAN.
RP HOUGEN, JT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 159
IS 2
BP 363
EP 387
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1135
PG 25
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA LE316
UT WOS:A1993LE31600008
ER

PT J
AU DANA, V
   MANDIN, JY
   TARRAGO, G
   OLSON, WB
   BEZARD, B
AF DANA, V
   MANDIN, JY
   TARRAGO, G
   OLSON, WB
   BEZARD, B
TI ABSOLUTE INFRARED INTENSITIES IN THE FUNDAMENTALS NU(1) AND NU(3) OF
   ARSINE
SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
LA English
DT Article
ID ASH3; JUPITER; SATURN; NU-2
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV PARIS 11,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
   OBSERV PARIS,DEPT RECH SPATIALE,F-92195 MEUDON,FRANCE.
RP DANA, V (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,CNRS,PHYS MOLEC & APPLICAT LAB,TOUR 13,BTE 76,4 PL JUSSIEU,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE.
NR 14
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495
SN 0022-2852
J9 J MOL SPECTROSC
JI J. Mol. Spectrosc.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 159
IS 2
BP 468
EP 480
DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1143
PG 13
WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy
SC Physics; Spectroscopy
GA LE316
UT WOS:A1993LE31600016
ER

PT J
AU PARESSIERRA, A
   WHITE, WB
   TAI, CK
AF PARESSIERRA, A
   WHITE, WB
   TAI, CK
TI WIND-DRIVEN COASTAL GENERATION OF ANNUAL MESOSCALE EDDY ACTIVITY IN THE
   CALIFORNIA CURRENT
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT; CURRENT SYSTEM; CIRCULATION; MODEL;
   EDDIES; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC
AB Two candidate sources for the generation of mesoscale eddy activity in the California Current are local baroclinic instability and/or the wind stress adjacent to the coast. The latter constitutes remote forcing, with eddy activity propagating westward from the coast into the California Current via Rossby wave dynamics. In this study, two wind-driven models are utilized to test the relative significance of these two sources. One is an eddy resolving quasigeostrophic (QG) model, with the ability to represent baroclinic instability but not the coastal response to winds. The other is a 1 1/2-layer primitive equation (PE) model with the ability to represent the coastal response to winds but not baroclinic instability. Both models have the same spatial grid (i.e., approximately 20 km) and are driven by the same coarse-grid wind-stress forcing fields over the same one-year time period (i.e., January 1987 to December 1987). This period is chosen because of the availability of Geosat altimetric sea-level observations with which to verify these models. Earlier, White and colleagues analyzed these same altimetric sea-level observations, finding dominant mesoscale eddy activity occurring on wavelength scales of 400-800 km and period scales of 6-12 months. This mesoscale variability propagates to the west at 2-5 cm s-1, faster at lower latitude, consistent with Rossby wave dynamics. Moreover, the eddy variance is largest next to the coast, maximum between Monterey and Cape Mendocino, and southwest of Point Conception. The PE model is able to simulate qualitatively this distribution of the eddy variance as it appears in altimetric sea level, yielding significant coherence and phase between model and observed sea-level residuals along longitude/time matrices at 30-degrees-N and 40-degrees-N. The QG model, on the other hand, is found incapable of simulating the main features of this distribution of eddy variance. The reason for the agreement between the PE model and the satellite altimetric sea-level observations is that the dominant source of mesoscale eddy activity on these time and space scales is the wind forcing adjacent to the coast, modified by both Rossby and Kelvin wave dynamics.
C1 CTR INVEST CIENT & EDUC SUPER, ENSENADA, MEXICO.
   NOAA, NOS, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA.
RP UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG, A-021, 95 GILMAN DR, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA.
RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010; 
OI Pares-Sierra, Alejandro/0000-0002-0658-2094
NR 27
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0022-3670
EI 1520-0485
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 23
IS 6
BP 1110
EP 1121
DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1110:WDCGOA>2.0.CO;2
PG 12
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LJ377
UT WOS:A1993LJ37700006
ER

PT J
AU KESSLER, WS
   MCCREARY, JP
AF KESSLER, WS
   MCCREARY, JP
TI THE ANNUAL WIND-DRIVEN ROSSBY-WAVE IN THE SUBTHERMOCLINE EQUATORIAL
   PACIFIC
SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
LA English
DT Article
ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN; CURRENTS; VARIABILITY;
   ATLANTIC; MODEL
AB The annual cycle of temperature in the subthermocline equatorial Pacific is studied using a new compilation of historical hydrographic profiles. The observations have several characteristics suggestive of a vertically propagating, first meridional mode (l = 1) long-wavelength Rossby wave: phase lines that slope downward from east to west indicative of upward and westward phase propagation, amplitude maxima parallel to phase lines, and nearly symmetric off-equatorial maxima of annual amplitude. Estimates of zonal wavenumber, vertical wavenumber, and the location of maxima of isotherm displacements are consistent with those of the l = 1 Rossby wave.
   A solution to a linear continuously stratified model, driven by a version of the observed annual wind field, confirms this interpretation. The solution is dominated by a vertically propagating, l = 1 Rossby wave. The wave is generated primarily by the westward-propagating component of the equatorial zonal wind field; it carries energy along WKB ray paths into the deep ocean. Both amplitude and phase of the model density field agree well with the observations. There are, however, two prominent differences between the observations and the solution: first, in the solution a boundary-reflected l = 3 Rossby wave is present in the deep eastern Pacific but is apparently absent in the data; second, the model solution is nearly symmetric about the equator, while the observations are symmetric in phase but have larger amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
   Thus, efficient vertical propagation of Rossby wave energy through the thermocline into the deep ocean appears to be an important oceanic process. The lack of this process in single active-layer models may explain the unrealistically high amplitudes of off-equatorial variability that are produced in them, since such models necessarily trap all energy in the surface layer.
C1 NOVA UNIV,CTR OCEANOG,DANIA,FL.
RP KESSLER, WS (reprint author), NOAA,PMEL,OCRD,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA.
NR 29
TC 99
Z9 99
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0022-3670
J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR
JI J. Phys. Oceanogr.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 23
IS 6
BP 1192
EP 1207
DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1192:TAWDRW>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Oceanography
SC Oceanography
GA LJ377
UT WOS:A1993LJ37700011
ER

PT J
AU ZOCCHI, M
   NATALISORA, I
   DEPERO, LE
   ROTH, RS
AF ZOCCHI, M
   NATALISORA, I
   DEPERO, LE
   ROTH, RS
TI A SINGLE-CRYSTAL X-RAY-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF LITHIUM ZIRCONATE, LI6ZR2O7,
   A SOLID-STATE IONIC CONDUCTOR
SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID LI2ZRO3
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP ZOCCHI, M (reprint author), UNIV BRESCIA, DIPARTIMENTO INGN MECCAN, VIA BRANZE 38, I-25123 BRESCIA, ITALY.
RI Depero, Laura/A-3176-2009; Natali Sora, Isabella/C-8357-2011
OI Depero, Laura/0000-0001-7818-3212; 
NR 10
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 10
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0022-4596
EI 1095-726X
J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM
JI J. Solid State Chem.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 104
IS 2
BP 391
EP 396
DI 10.1006/jssc.1993.1174
PG 6
WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical
SC Chemistry
GA LK501
UT WOS:A1993LK50100025
ER

PT J
AU FOLDEAKI, M
   LEDBETTER, H
   PARANTHAMAN, M
   DUAN, HM
   HERMANN, AM
AF FOLDEAKI, M
   LEDBETTER, H
   PARANTHAMAN, M
   DUAN, HM
   HERMANN, AM
TI ASYMMETRY BETWEEN FLUX-PENETRATION AND FLUX EXPULSION IN TL-2212
   SUPERCONDUCTORS
SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
LA English
DT Article
DE THALLIUM CUPRATES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS;
   IRREVERSIBILITY; FLUX PINNING
ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7
   CRYSTALS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; MOTION; TORQUE; MAGNETIZATION; MODEL
AB dc magnetic hysteresis as well as flux penetration and flux expulsion were investigated in Tl2-yBa2CaCu2O8-x polycrystals and monocrystals. All measurements were performed at 35 K and in the 0-5 T field range. Hysteresis measurements revealed an irreversibility field of about 2 T. Existing models predict identical field-cooled (fc) and zero-field-cooled (zfc) magnetizations and vanishing time dependence above this field. Although the identical fc and zfc magnetizations are in fact observed, the time dependence vanishes only for flux penetration after zero-field cooling; a remanence is preserved after field cooling and decays with a finite relaxation rate. Activation energies calculated on the basis of the thermal activation model display a pronounced field dependence, and are lower for flux penetration than for flux expulsion in high fields (H greater-than-or-equal-to 3 T) for all orientations. This behavior of extreme layered superconductors contradicts classical theoretical models and questions the original definition of the irreversibility line as well. All of our results are consistent with the recent theory of lock-in transition, and can be well interpreted by using those principles.
C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
RP FOLDEAKI, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015
OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBL CORP
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013
SN 0896-1107
J9 J SUPERCOND
JI J. Supercond.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 6
IS 3
BP 185
EP 189
DI 10.1007/BF00625745
PG 5
WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LY234
UT WOS:A1993LY23400005
ER

PT J
AU COVERDALE, RT
   GARBOCZI, EJ
   JENNINGS, HM
   CHRISTENSEN, BJ
   MASON, TO
AF COVERDALE, RT
   GARBOCZI, EJ
   JENNINGS, HM
   CHRISTENSEN, BJ
   MASON, TO
TI COMPUTER-SIMULATION OF IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY IN 2 DIMENSIONS -
   APPLICATION TO CEMENT PASTE
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
LA English
DT Article
ID PERCOLATION; COMPOSITES; TRANSPORT
AB A random 2-D digital-image-based microstructural model is used to simulate impedance spectroscopy of cement paste. Results of these simulations are used to interpret previous experimental results. The main features of the impedance spectra of cement paste are the result of the composite nature of cement paste; in other words, the electrical response varies as different phases, each with its own specific electrical properties, are consumed and generated. Percolation theory is invoked to help explore certain relationships between two- and three-dimensional analysis.
C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP COVERDALE, RT (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,EVANSTON,IL 60208, USA.
RI Jennings, Hamlin/B-7006-2009; Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009
NR 17
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER CERAMIC SOC
PI WESTERVILLE
PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136
SN 0002-7820
J9 J AM CERAM SOC
JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 76
IS 6
BP 1513
EP 1520
DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03933.x
PG 8
WC Materials Science, Ceramics
SC Materials Science
GA LZ286
UT WOS:A1993LZ28600017
ER

PT J
AU ROLETTO, J
AF ROLETTO, J
TI HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM CHEMISTRY VALUES FOR CLINICALLY HEALTHY AND SICK
   PINNIPEDS
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE CALIFORNIA SEA LION; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL;
   HEMATOLOGY; SERUM CHEMISTRY
ID SEALS
AB Hematologic and serum chemistry data were collected over a 6-yr period for three species of pinnipeds, the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), and the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi). Blood samples from both clinically healthy and diseased animals were evaluated. The common health problems assessed for the sea lions were parasites, verminous pneumonia, pneumonia and gastrointestinal tract infections, and peritonitis and septicemia. The health problems for elephant seals were emaciation, parasites, skin disease and parasites, and enteritis and liver failure, and for harbor seals were emaciation, respiratory and heart failure, and enteritis and liver failure. As compared with clinically healthy sea lions, diseased sea lions had higher (P < 0.05) white blood cell counts (WBC), percentages of neutrophils and band neutrophils, sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, total bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) levels and lower (P < 0.05) red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin values (HGB), hematocrits (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin values (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC), percentages of lymphocytes and eosinophils, potassium, calcium, BUN, total protein, albumin, glucose, triglycerides, and alkaline phosphatase levels. As compared with clinically healthy elephant seals, diseased elephant seals had higher (P < 0.05) RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, WBC, neutrophils, band neutrophils, creatinine, total protein, and glucose levels and lower (P < 0.05) MCV, MCHC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, CO2, BUN, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, and SGOT levels. As compared with clinically healthy harbor seals, diseased harbor seals had higher (P < 0.05) RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, neutrophils, band neutrophils, sodium, CO2, creatinine, BUN, total bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase levels and lower (P < 0.05) MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, potassium, calcium, total protein, and glucose levels.
RP ROLETTO, J (reprint author), GULF FARALLONES NATL MARINE SANCTUARY,FT MASON,BLDG 201,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94123, USA.
NR 35
TC 39
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS
PI MEDIA
PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063
SN 1042-7260
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 24
IS 2
BP 145
EP 157
PG 13
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA LM648
UT WOS:A1993LM64800007
ER

PT J
AU GRABBE, ES
AF GRABBE, ES
TI TOTAL INTERNAL-REFLECTION FLUORESCENCE WITH ENERGY-TRANSFER - A METHOD
   FOR ANALYZING IGG ADSORPTION ON NYLON THIN-FILMS
SO LANGMUIR
LA English
DT Article
ID SURFACE-INDUCED AGGREGATION; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; PROTEIN ADSORPTION;
   SOLID-SURFACES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACE; DIFFUSION;
   KINETICS; EXCHANGE; FERRITIN
AB Total internal reflection fluorescence was used to analyze rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) nonspecifically adsorbed on thin nylon films.  Fluorescence energy transfer measurements were recorded for two comparative systems: (1) adsorbed fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tagged IgG and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) tagged nylon; (2) FITC labeled IgG and TRITC labeled anti-rabbit IgG (anti-IgG). These experiments were used to examine the nylon/IgG and IgG/solution interfaces, respectively, as a function of the surrounding buffer pH and washing conditions. Results were correlated with IgG mass loading measured by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method and anti-IgG binding activity assessed using TRITC-tagged anti-IgG. When washed with pH 6.9 phosphate buffer, the amount of adsorbed IgG increased with the concentration of IgG used in the adsorption step. Fluorescence data were consistent with an IgG bilayer model, where the upper layer did not interact with the TRITC labeled nylon surface but bound to and exchanged with solution borne anti-IgG. After washing with carbonate buffer at pH 8.7, only a tightly adsorbed, unexchangeable layer of IgG remained on the nylon surface, with mass corresponding to less than a monolayer. In a pH 8.7 buffer, no energy transfer took place between adsorbed FITC labeled IgG and the TRITC tagged anti-IgG although anti-IgG did adhere to the nylon, suggesting coadsorption of anti-IgG rather than immunochemical binding. When the buffer was replaced by a pH 6.9 phosphate buffer, energy transfer was observed, indicating that binding had occurred.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CARB,DIV BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
NR 35
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 5
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0743-7463
J9 LANGMUIR
JI Langmuir
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 9
IS 6
BP 1574
EP 1581
DI 10.1021/la00030a025
PG 8
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry; Materials Science
GA LJ256
UT WOS:A1993LJ25600025
ER

PT J
AU MEADOR, JP
   VARANASI, U
   KRONE, CA
AF MEADOR, JP
   VARANASI, U
   KRONE, CA
TI DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY OF MARINE INFAUNAL AMPHIPODS TO TRIBUTYLTIN
SO MARINE BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID NORMAL-BUTYLTIN CHLORIDE; AQUATIC TOXICITY QSARS; TRIPHENYLTIN CHLORIDE;
   ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS; FRESH-WATER;
   ACCUMULATION; FISH; SEDIMENT; CHEMICALS
AB Three species of infaunal gammaridean amphipods, Rhepoxynius abronius (Phoxocephalidae), Eohaustorius washingtonianus, and E. estuarius (Haustoriidae) were tested in a water-only system to assess their sensitivity to tributyltin (TBT) without the influence of factors that could affect bioavailability. When mortality (LC50) was the endpoint, the results indicated that R. abronius was almost-equal-to 20 times more tolerant to tributyltin than either haustoriid species; however, when mortality plus reburial behavior (EC50) was assessed, the difference was only about 10 times. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was also consistently lower in R. abronius (11.1 to 16.5 times) than in the haustoriids; however, when the LD50 was calculated, the concentration in the tissues associated with 50% mortality for each species was not significantly different. The large disparity in species' response is attributed to reduced uptake and a potentially greater ability to metabolize this compound by R. abronius. An analysis of TBT uptake confirmed that R. abronius was able to accumulate less TBT and hence maintain a low body burden for a given water concentration. The results of a separate uptake study were used to formulate a hypothesis for observed differences in reburial behavior. Because the rate of TBT uptake was lower in R. abronius, we propose that the slower rise in toxicant body burden allowed for a gradual response in this species which included a sublethal effect (non reburial), compared to a rapid rise in the body burden for E. estuarius which caused the response to quickly proceed from no effect to death.
RP MEADOR, JP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA.
NR 52
TC 28
Z9 29
U1 2
U2 4
PU SPRINGER VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0025-3162
J9 MAR BIOL
JI Mar. Biol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 116
IS 2
BP 231
EP 239
DI 10.1007/BF00350012
PG 9
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LR140
UT WOS:A1993LR14000006
ER

PT J
AU EVANS, DW
   DODOO, DK
   HANSON, PJ
AF EVANS, DW
   DODOO, DK
   HANSON, PJ
TI TRACE-ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN FISH LIVERS - IMPLICATIONS OF VARIATIONS
   WITH FISH SIZE IN POLLUTION MONITORING
SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
LA English
DT Article
ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; CONTAMINANT LEVELS; TIME TRENDS; BELGIAN
   COAST; HEAVY-METALS; ATLANTIC COD; ZINC; CADMIUM; GROWTH
AB Concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn in livers of Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) increased with fish length in a collection of 47 fish from coastal North Carolina. This pattern of increase might be expected for contaminant metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg, and Pb which are poorly regulated and only slowly excreted, but it is uncommon for the biologically essential elements Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn which are under homeostatic control. Concentrations of copper in fish collected from sites in Galveston Bay, Texas are used to illustrate bias in estimating mean concentrations when such relationships exist. Adjustment for bias and reduction in variance estimates are made by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), both of which can improve the power to detect spatial and temporal trends. Other biological covariates can partly explain observed metal variations in fish livers. Further improvements in reducing bias and variance are possible by their inclusion in ANCOVA adjustment, but the generality of such adjustments will depend on a better understanding of the mechanisms by which they exert their influence.
C1 CAPE COAST UNIV, DEPT CHEM, CAPE COAST, GHANA.
RP NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, BEAUFORT LAB, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA.
NR 20
TC 74
Z9 77
U1 1
U2 7
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0025-326X
EI 1879-3363
J9 MAR POLLUT BULL
JI Mar. Pollut. Bull.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 26
IS 6
BP 329
EP 334
DI 10.1016/0025-326X(93)90576-6
PG 6
WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA LK115
UT WOS:A1993LK11500010
ER

PT J
AU BUSCH, WS
AF BUSCH, WS
TI GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY ALLIANCE - NEW STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL-RESEARCH
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
RP BUSCH, WS (reprint author), NOAA,OFF GLOBAL PROGRAMS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD SUM
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 2
BP 5
EP 9
PG 5
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA LY398
UT WOS:A1993LY39800002
ER

PT J
AU LEWIS, JM
AF LEWIS, JM
TI CHALLENGES AND ADVANTAGES OF COLLECTING UPPER-AIR DATA OVER THE
   GULF-OF-MEXICO
SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID RETURN-FLOW
AB The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) has conducted two field experiments over and around the Gulf of Mexico since 1988.  The scientific motivations for these experiments are briefly reviewed, and the suite of observational platforms used in the data collection are noted. Special attention is directed toward the collection of upper-air data from the Loran-C in the ocean environment during late winter to early spring. Data from this upper-air system are examined not only with the intention of identifying logistical difficulties in obtaining the data but also to highlight the quality of the data and their value in both basic meteorological research and operational weather forecasting. The primary results of the study are (1) reliable upper-air data can be obtained from ships and oil platforms using the Loran-tracked system; (2) these data have exceptional vertical resolution that reveal the evolution of the mixed layer of air adjoining the sea surface; and (3) these observations can influence and help improve operational severe storm predictions.
RP LEWIS, JM (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA.
NR 16
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036
SN 0025-3324
J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J
JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
PD SUM
PY 1993
VL 27
IS 2
BP 56
EP 65
PG 10
WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography
SC Engineering; Oceanography
GA LY398
UT WOS:A1993LY39800008
ER

PT J
AU NOVELLI, P
AF NOVELLI, P
TI COHORT
SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES
LA English
DT Software Review
RP NOVELLI, P (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010
SN 0025-5564
J9 MATH BIOSCI
JI Math. Biosci.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 115
IS 2
BP 245
EP 246
DI 10.1016/0025-5564(93)90073-J
PG 2
WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology
SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational
   Biology
GA LC770
UT WOS:A1993LC77000005
ER

PT J
AU REED, RJ
   GRELL, GA
   KUO, YH
AF REED, RJ
   GRELL, GA
   KUO, YH
TI THE ERICA IOP-5 STORM .1. ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
AB The ERICA IOP 5 storm was the third strongest cyclone observed during the three-month Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic (ERICA) and the least successfully predicted by the operational models. This paper documents the storm development with use of nearly all available observational data and presents the results of a simulation of the storm carried out by the Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model MM4.
   The observations reveal that the storm formed in two stages: a first stage in which a weak, eastward-moving upper-level trough over the Gulf states excited the growth of two disturbances over the Gulf Stream, and a second stage in which a rapidly moving, moderately intense short-wave trough from the north-central states interacted with the more northerly of the two disturbances, producing rapid intensification. Maximum deepening rates were 11 mb (6 h)-1 and 33 mb (24 h)-1. At the mature stage a thermal gradient of 7-degrees-C (35 km)-1 was observed near the surface by a low-flying research aircraft that traversed the occluded frontal zone.
   A full-physics simulation, carried out on a movable 30-km grid embedded within a 90-km fixed grid, closely reproduced the storm development, as verified by surface ship and buoy observations, flight level and dropsonde data from research aircraft, and satellite infrared and microwave imagery. Sensitivity tests reported in a companion paper revealed that the development was highly sensitive to condensation heating and moderately sensitive to surface energy fluxes, grid size, and the location of the Gulf Stream. The companion paper also addresses the question of why in this case the MM4 outperformed the operational models of the National Meteorological Center.
C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP REED, RJ (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015
OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742
NR 15
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1577
EP 1594
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1577:TEISPI>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900001
ER

PT J
AU REED, RJ
   GRELL, GA
   KUO, YH
AF REED, RJ
   GRELL, GA
   KUO, YH
TI THE ERICA IOP-5 STORM .2. SENSITIVITY TESTS AND FURTHER DIAGNOSIS BASED
   ON MODEL OUTPUT
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID EXPLOSIVELY DEEPENING CYCLONE; SURFACE-ENERGY FLUXES;
   NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SYMMETRIC INSTABILITY; DIABATIC PROCESSES;
   ATLANTIC
AB This paper continues the study of the ERICA IOP 5 storm begun in a companion paper.  The latter documented the storm development, utilizing both conventional and special observations, and presented the results of a successful simulation of the storm by the Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model MM4. At 24 h into the simulation, the MM4 predicted a central pressure of 984 mb, close to the observed value, whereas the Nested Grid Model (NGM) of the National Meteorological Center forecasted a depth of only 997 mb for the same hour. Here the results of experiments designed to test the sensitivity of the development to latent heating, surface energy fluxes, Gulf Stream position, and grid size are first presented. A high sensitivity to latent heating and a moderate sensitivity to the other parameters are found. A comparison with other cases in the literature reveals that the sensitivity to latent heating, and to the fluxes, was unusually large. In view of this finding, further diagnosis is made of the behavior of a number of moisture-sensitive parameters in the model, namely, the potential vorticity (PV), the stability of the storm environment to vertical and slantwise ascent, and the surface energy fluxes. The diagnosis revealed that (i) large diabatically produced PV, capable of substantially impacting the storm intensity, appeared in the lower portion of the warm-frontal cloud mass, (ii) the storm environment was neutral or even unstable to vertical ascent (near and ahead of the cold front) and to slantwise ascent (in and above the warm-frontal zone), and (iii) the movement of the storm near and parallel to the Gulf Stream allowed heated and moistened air to be continuously ingested into the storm.
   In seeking clues to the cause of the superior performance of the MM4, additional experiments are carried out in which a Kuo-type convection scheme, such as employed in the NGM, replaces the Grell scheme used in the previous MM4 simulations. It is concluded that approximately 60% of the difference between the MM4 and NGM predictions can be accounted for by the utilization of the Grell scheme and a finer grid (30 km vs 85 km) and that the effects of grid size and convective parameterization are highly coupled in this case. The remaining difference is attributed to other elements of the predictions that are not further investigated. An experiment conducted on a slowly deepening ERICA storm (IOP 7) demonstrates that, in this case at least, the MM4 shows no tendency to produce excessive deepening of ocean storms.
C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RP REED, RJ (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA.
RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015
OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742
NR 26
TC 48
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1595
EP 1612
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1595:TEISPI>2.0.CO;2
PG 18
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900002
ER

PT J
AU BARNES, SL
   COLMAN, BR
AF BARNES, SL
   COLMAN, BR
TI QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF CYCLOGENESIS ASSOCIATED WITH A CUTOFF
   EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE - THE CHRISTMAS 1987 STORM
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID CORRECTIONS OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; JET-STREAM WAVES; QE-II STORM; EXPLOSIVE
   CYCLOGENESIS; FRONTOGENESIS; EVENT; MODEL; CLINOGENESIS; COMPOSITE;
   CLOUDS
AB A major snowstorm in Colorado is considered in order to demonstrate the utility of a quasigeostrophic (QG) diagnostic scheme that is capable of separating from the total QG forcing field the cross-isentrope, ageostrophic circulations associated with jet-streak dynamics. The storm did not develop as a consequence of typical baroclinic wave development but instead developed in association with a previously cutoff cyclone. It posed a perplexing forecast problem to Denver area forecasters. It is discovered that at least 12 h before the onset of cyclogenesis there existed QG signatures (computed from rawinsonde data) of the thermally direct-indirect circulations associated with a jet-level wind maximum. These circulations are known to be associated with tropopause folding and the descent of stratospheric potential vorticity into the midtroposphere. It is verified that indeed such a process took place by tracking maxima of potential vorticity on an isentropic surface (295 K) that extended into the midtroposphere. Using analyses of lapse rate and mixing ratio near a ''dry slot'' in satellite water vapor imagery, our interpretation of the QG signatures are confirmed. The diagnostic scheme can be of value to forecasters who daily must adapt their knowledge of conceptual cyclone models to ascertain the dynamic potential of threatening storms.
C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20230.
RP BARNES, SL (reprint author), NOAA,FORECAST SYST LAB,R-E FSI,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 73
TC 25
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1613
EP 1634
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1613:QDOCAW>2.0.CO;2
PG 22
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900003
ER

PT J
AU BELL, GD
   BOSART, LF
AF BELL, GD
   BOSART, LF
TI A CASE-STUDY DIAGNOSIS OF THE FORMATION OF AN UPPER-LEVEL CUTOFF
   CYCLONIC CIRCULATION OVER THE EASTERN UNITED-STATES
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID PRESIDENTS DAY CYCLONE; 18-19 FEBRUARY 1979; POTENTIAL VORTICITY;
   CYCLOGENESIS; EVENT; DYNAMICS; GALE
AB The synoptic-scale evolution during the formation phase of a midtropospheric cutoff cyclonic circulation over the eastern United States is diagnosed within the potential vorticity framework using the GALE (Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment) case of 18-19 January 1986. The study examines 1) the precursor flow evolution prior to cutoff cyclone formation; 2) the wind, mass, and potential vorticity evolution during the 2-day period encompassing cutoff formation; and 3) the relative contribution of upper- versus lower-tropospheric forcing on the quasigeostrophic height tendency field prior to and during cutoff formation.
   The primary large-scale features prior to cutoff cyclone formation are an amplifying ridge over the western United States and eastern North Pacific and a diffluent trough over the central United States. The primary smaller-scale feature prior to cutoff formation is a short-wave trough-jet streak system that propagates through the longer-wave-amplifying ridge, and then intensifies upon arriving in northwesterly flow downstream of the ridge axis. The intensification of this shorter-wavelength system is associated with increases in stratospheric potential vorticity at levels considered to be well within the middle and upper troposphere. Major midtropospheric cyclogenesis then ensues as the jet propagates toward the base of the diffluent trough while further intensifying. The circulation then ''closes off'' at 500 hPa within the base of the amplifying trough as stratospheric potential vorticity values descend to near 620 hPa, and become increasingly confined to the base of the trough.
   The subsequent intensification of the cutoff circulation is accompanied by sustained potential vorticity and temperature increases well above the level of the extruded tropopause. This intensification phase is also accompanied by an increasingly isolated distribution of stratospheric potential vorticity, and by the formation of an isolated warm pool, in the mid- and upper troposphere above the circulation center. These features are consistent with calculations showing that the primary mass loss required to support the formation and subsequent intensification of the cutoff circulation is confined to the upper troposphere.
   A quasigeostrophic height tendency diagnosis suggests that the advection of potential vorticity at and above the 500-hPa level drives the process of upper-level trough amplification and cutoff cyclogenesis in this case. The quasigeostrophic height tendency patterns are also entirely consistent with the observed mass and wind-field tendencies, and with previous observational and theoretical analyses regarding the invertibility principle of potential vorticity.
C1 SUNY Albany, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA.
   NOAA, NWS, NMC, CTR CLIMATE ANAL, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 USA.
NR 42
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1635
EP 1655
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1635:ACSDOT>2.0.CO;2
PG 21
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900004
ER

PT J
AU DEMARIA, M
   JONES, RW
AF DEMARIA, M
   JONES, RW
TI OPTIMIZATION OF A HURRICANE TRACK FORECAST MODEL WITH THE ADJOINT
   MODEL-EQUATIONS
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; VARIATIONAL
   ASSIMILATION; VORTICITY EQUATION
AB The method of model fitting, or ''adjoint method,'' is tested in a barotropic hurricane track forecast model. The model vorticity field at the beginning of an assimilation period is adjusted to minimize a cost function that is defined as the squared difference between the model vorticity and the vorticity from a sequence of analyses separated by 12 h. After the cost function is minimized, the model vortex closely follows the observed storm track during the assimilation period, indicating that information about the past track of the storm is being included in the model solution. Track forecasts using the assimilation procedure are compared with control forecasts where the model is initialized with a single analysis at the end of the assimilation period. Results from a series of 18 forecasts for Hurricane Hugo (1989) show that with a 12-h assimilation period the average track forecast errors are smaller than those of the control forecasts out to about 48 h. The forecast errors using a 24-h assimilation period are larger than the errors with a 12-h assimilation period.
   The method described by Derber in which a forcing term that minimizes the cost function is added to the vorticity equation is applied to extend the length of the assimilation period. The forcing function has very localized extrema in the vicinity of the vortex because the scale of the vortex is comparable with the distance that the vortex moves during the assimilation period. This localized forcing interferes with the subsequent motion of the storm during the forecast period. The magnitude of the localized forcing is reduced if the vorticity at the beginning of the assimilation period is first adjusted, and then the forcing term is added to further reduce the cost function. When the combined procedure is used, the average track errors are smaller than the errors in the control simulations out to 72 h.
   Forecasts from four additional storms from the 1989 Atlantic hurricane season are also presented. In two of these cases, the assimilation degrades the control forecasts. The degradation appears to be related to errors in the operational estimates of the storm positions and to poor first-guess fields used in the analyses.
RP DEMARIA, M (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE, NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB, 4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA.
RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010
NR 27
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1730
EP 1745
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1730:OOAHTF>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900010
ER

PT J
AU BLECK, R
   BENJAMIN, SG
AF BLECK, R
   BENJAMIN, SG
TI REGIONAL WEATHER PREDICTION WITH A MODEL COMBINING TERRAIN-FOLLOWING AND
   ISENTROPIC COORDINATES .1. MODEL DESCRIPTION
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS; VERTICAL COORDINATE; SIGMA MODEL
AB A short-range numerical prediction model, which is part of a real-time 3-h data assimilation and forecast system, is described. The distinguishing feature of the model is the use of terrain-following (sigma) coordinate surfaces in the lower troposphere combined with isentropic (theta) surfaces aloft. Such a hybrid coordinate system allows modeling of processes in a convectively unstable boundary layer while retaining the advantages of theta coordinates in representing upper-tropospheric frontal and jet-stream structures. The hybrid approach used in this model represents a major departure from previous hybrid formulations in atmospheric models, even though it has been used for more than ten years in oceanic modeling. Part I of this two-part paper contains a thorough description of the model and the results of validation experiments. Results of North American case studies will be reported in Part II.
C1 NOAA,ERL,FORECAST SYST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303.
RI Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015
OI Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236
NR 19
TC 81
Z9 81
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693
SN 0027-0644
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1770
EP 1785
DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1770:RWPWAM>2.0.CO;2
PG 16
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900013
ER

PT J
AU PERSSON, POG
   WARNER, TT
AF PERSSON, POG
   WARNER, TT
TI NONLINEAR HYDROSTATIC CONDITIONAL SYMMETRICAL INSTABILITY - IMPLICATIONS
   FOR NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
LA English
DT Article
ID FRONTAL RAINBANDS; CYCLONES
AB A simplified two-dimensional version of the Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM4) was used to investigate the nonlinear evolution of unforced conditional symmetric instability (CSI). Sensitivity tests examines the effects of the model resolution, the magnitudes and formulation of the vertical and horizontal diffusion, and the Prandtl number on various aspects of the CSI circulations. Aspects of the circulations that are considered include the transverse velocity, the growth rate, and the updraft slope, as well as the existence of a CSI circulation.
   With the fairly unstable initial conditions used in these tests, unstable CSI modes are explicitly resolved with horizontal grid spacing of at most 30 km, using a fairly weak horizontal diffusion. The vertical grid spacing needs to be no greater than 340 m to be consistent with the horizontal grid spacing and the sloping thermal structures. To resolve the most unstable nonlinear CSI modes, horizontal resolutions of no more than 15 km and vertical resolutions less than 170 m are necessary. The magnitude of the horizontal diffusion, the magnitude and the formulation of the vertical diffusion, and the Prandtl number all affect the simulated CSI circulations.
   Comparisons to linear theory allow the generalization of the results. These generalizations suggest that the combined effects of model resolution, model diffusion, scale height of the instability, and environmental conditions (e.g., N2) determine whether CSI will be explicitly released in a numerical model, and also whether the resolved unstable modes include the desirable most unstable mode. Unstable CSI modes that do not correspond to the most unstable mode can be explicitly resolved with a grid spacing that is coarser than that necessary for the most unstable mode. If the resolved modes do not include the most unstable mode, the evolution of the CSI circulations will be substantially slower and the amplitudes reduced from what should be expected in the real atmosphere in which the most unstable mode should be present.
C1 UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SC, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
   PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT METEOROL, UNIV PK, PA 16802 USA.
   PENN STATE UNIV, CTR EARTH SYST SCI, UNIV PK, PA 16802 USA.
NR 22
TC 31
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
PI BOSTON
PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA
SN 0027-0644
EI 1520-0493
J9 MON WEATHER REV
JI Mon. Weather Rev.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 121
IS 6
BP 1821
EP 1833
PG 13
WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
GA LE009
UT WOS:A1993LE00900016
ER

PT J
AU WATTS, RN
   TARRIO, C
   LUCATORTO, TB
   MADDEN, RP
   DESLATTES, RD
   CATICHA, A
   ESTLER, WT
   EVANS, CJ
   MCWAID, T
   FU, J
   VORBURGER, TV
AF WATTS, RN
   TARRIO, C
   LUCATORTO, TB
   MADDEN, RP
   DESLATTES, RD
   CATICHA, A
   ESTLER, WT
   EVANS, CJ
   MCWAID, T
   FU, J
   VORBURGER, TV
TI XUV OPTICS CHARACTERIZATION AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND
   TECHNOLOGY
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH
   AND INDUSTRY
CY NOV 02-05, 1992
CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX
SP US DOE, NATL SCI FDN, OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, UNIV N TEXAS
HO UNIV N TEXAS
AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is establishing a complete measurement program for the characterization of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) multilayer optics. In this paper we describe our existing and proposed efforts in surface figure and surface finish metrology, X-ray diffraction, and XUV reflectometry.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, MFG ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP WATTS, RN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, PHYS LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 8
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 79
IS 1-4
BP 244
EP 246
DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95335-3
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA LH984
UT WOS:A1993LH98400069
ER

PT J
AU LIBERMAN, AD
   ALBATS, P
   PFUTZNER, H
   STOLLER, C
   GILLIAM, DM
AF LIBERMAN, AD
   ALBATS, P
   PFUTZNER, H
   STOLLER, C
   GILLIAM, DM
TI A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE ABSOLUTE NEUTRON OUTPUT OF SMALL D-T NEUTRON
   GENERATORS
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH
   AND INDUSTRY
CY NOV 02-05, 1992
CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX
SP US DOE, NATL SCI FDN, OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, UNIV N TEXAS
HO UNIV N TEXAS
AB We propose a standard method of establishing the absolute neutron output from small, D-T, 14 MeV neutron generators. This method uses a copper activation measurement in a configuration that we have calibrated with fission ionization chambers from NIST. The absolute uncertainty in this calibration is less than +/- 7%. The copper activation method is insensitive to backgrounds from low energy scattered neutrons because it uses the (Cu(n,2n)Cu)-Cu-63-Cu-63 reaction which has a 12 MeV threshold. With this calibration method, measurements of absolute neutron output are possible under a variety of experimental conditions, including those simulating nuclear well logging. In addition, the configuration of the copper samples that we propose gives high counting rates so that the statistical precision of the measurement of neutron output, depending upon the generator voltage and beam current, is on the order of 1%.
C1 EMR PHOTOELECTR,PRINCETON,NJ 08544.
   SCHLUMBERGER WELL SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77023.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP LIBERMAN, AD (reprint author), SCHLUMBERGER DOLL RES CTR,RIDGEFIELD,CT 06877, USA.
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 79
IS 1-4
BP 574
EP 578
DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95417-4
PG 5
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA LH984
UT WOS:A1993LH98400151
ER

PT J
AU WALKER, ML
   DICK, CE
   MCLAUGHLIN, WL
AF WALKER, ML
   DICK, CE
   MCLAUGHLIN, WL
TI REMOTE REAL-TIME DOSE MEASUREMENTS OF GAMMA-RAY PHOTON BEAMS WITH
   RADIOCHROMIC SENSORS
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH
   AND INDUSTRY
CY NOV 02-05, 1992
CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX
SP US DOE, NATL SCI FDN, OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, UNIV N TEXAS
HO UNIV N TEXAS
AB A method of evaluating intense ionizing radiation fields remotely and in real-time has been developed, The system employs radiochromic sensors, materials that change color in a known fashion upon exposure to radiation, and a helium-neon laser/photodiode detector combination to measure the radiation-induced absorbance change at 632.8 nm. The sensor, placed at the point of interest in the radiation field, is probed by the laser to assess the absorbed dose at a given time as a function of any absorbance changes in the sensor. The resultant attenuation of the probe beam is registered by the photodiode and recorded and evaluated with a data acquisition system. Results from gamma-ray irradiations are presented.
C1 NAT INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP WALKER, ML (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,PHYS LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 79
IS 1-4
BP 835
EP 837
DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95481-J
PG 3
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA LH984
UT WOS:A1993LH98400215
ER

PT J
AU BLAAUW, M
   LINDSTROM, RM
AF BLAAUW, M
   LINDSTROM, RM
TI LOCAL-AREA NETWORKS IN RADIATION DETECTION SYSTEMS - ADVANTAGES AND
   PITFALLS
SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM
   INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH
   AND INDUSTRY
CY NOV 02-05, 1992
CL UNIV N TEXAS, DENTON, TX
SP US DOE, NATL SCI FDN, OAK RIDGE ASSOC UNIV, UNIV N TEXAS
HO UNIV N TEXAS
AB Both at the Interfaculty Reactor Institute (IRI) and at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), local area networks are being used to acquire and process data from multiple gamma-ray spectrometers. The IRI system was only recently set up. A comparison is made between the NIST network, the old IRI network and the new IRI network, resulting in recommendations for new systems to be set up.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP BLAAUW, M (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,INST INTERFAC REACTOR,MEKELWEG 15,2629 JB DELFT,NETHERLANDS.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-583X
J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B
JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 79
IS 1-4
BP 855
EP 858
DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95485-N
PG 4
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics,
   Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics
GA LH984
UT WOS:A1993LH98400219
ER

PT J
AU FERGUSON, RL
   WOOD, LL
   GRAHAM, DB
AF FERGUSON, RL
   WOOD, LL
   GRAHAM, DB
TI MONITORING SPATIAL CHANGE IN SEAGRASS HABITAT WITH AERIAL-PHOTOGRAPHY
SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING
LA English
DT Article
AB Photointerpretive techniques were applied to map the spatial change of seagrass habitat between 1985 and 1988 in Back Sound and southern Core Sound, North Carolina. The method constrains photography to optimize visualization of photic submerged land. It accentuates surface level training and verification of seagrass habitat observed in photographs to minimize classification errors due to variability of photographic signatures of benthic features. The method is unique in its registration of habitat data to concurrent shoreline manuscript base maps from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service.
   Seagrass habitat is abundant in the study area - approximately 7,000 hectares or 35 percent of the subtidal land -with a high degree of overlap in 1985 and 1988. The overall net change was a 6 percent decrease in seagrass habitat. Locations of habitat loss from 1985 to 1988 were confirmed by site visit, and two of these could be attributed to specific anthropogenic activities.
C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,PHOTOGRAMMETRY BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM,HABITAT CHARACTERIZAT TEAM,BEAUFORT,NC 28516.
   NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM,COASTWATCH CHANGE ANAL PROGRAM,BEAUFORT,NC 28516.
RP FERGUSON, RL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT LAB,SEFSC,101 PIVERS ISL RD,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA.
NR 31
TC 53
Z9 54
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PI BETHESDA
PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160
SN 0099-1112
J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S
JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 59
IS 6
BP 1033
EP 1038
PG 6
WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing;
   Imaging Science & Photographic Technology
SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science &
   Photographic Technology
GA LH904
UT WOS:A1993LH90400015
ER

PT J
AU EILES, TM
   MARTINIS, JM
   DEVORET, MH
AF EILES, TM
   MARTINIS, JM
   DEVORET, MH
TI EVEN-ODD SYMMETRY-BREAKING IN THE NSN COULOMB-BLOCKADE ELECTROMETER
SO PHYSICA B
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF FEW-ELECTRON
   NANOSTRUCTURES
CY SEP 23-26, 1992
CL NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS
SP NATO, ADV RES WORKSHOP, NANOSCALE SCI PROGRAMME, DELFT UNIV, ROYAL DUTCH ACAD SCI, FDN PHYSICA, PHILIPS RES LABS, FISONS INSTRUMENTS
ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CHARGE
AB We have measured at low temperature the current through a submicrometer superconducting island connected to two normal metal leads by ultra-small tunnel junctions. As the bias voltage is lowered below the superconducting gap of this Coulomb blockade electrometer, the current changes from being e-periodic with gate charge to 2e-periodic. We interpret the 2e-periodic current at low voltages as a manifestation of a sequence of Andreev reflections which shuttles two electrons at a time through the island. This process can only exist if the island favors a state with a definite parity of the number of conduction electrons.
C1 CEA SACLAY,SERV PHYS ETAT CONDENSE,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO.
   UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309.
NR 19
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0921-4526
J9 PHYSICA B
JI Physica B
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 189
IS 1-4
BP 210
EP 217
DI 10.1016/0921-4526(93)90162-Y
PG 8
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LL338
UT WOS:A1993LL33800024
ER

PT J
AU DJURIC, N
   BELL, EW
   GUO, XQ
   DUNN, GH
   PHANEUF, RA
   BANNISTER, ME
   PINDZOLA, MS
   GRIFFIN, DC
AF DJURIC, N
   BELL, EW
   GUO, XQ
   DUNN, GH
   PHANEUF, RA
   BANNISTER, ME
   PINDZOLA, MS
   GRIFFIN, DC
TI ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS FOR ELECTRON-IMPACT SINGLE IONIZATION OF SI+ AND
   SI-2+
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Article
ID IRON IONS; GAS IONS; EXCITATION; CL-5+; AR-6+; S-4+
AB Absolute cross sections for electron-impact single ionization of Si+ and Si2+ have been measured using crossed beams of ions and electrons and calculated using a configuration-average distorted-wave method. Corrections have been made for metastable components and small fractions of nitrogen impurities in the incident ion beams. Excitation-autoionization measurably enhances the cross sections of both Si+ and Si2+. Ionization rate coefficients and fitting parameters are presented for the experimental data.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
   INST PHYS, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA.
   OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA.
   AUBURN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA.
   ROLLINS COLL, WINTER PK, FL 32789 USA.
RP UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA.
NR 30
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9926
EI 2469-9934
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 6
BP 4786
EP 4793
DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.4786
PG 8
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LF727
UT WOS:A1993LF72700034
ER

PT J
AU MARCASSA, L
   BAGNATO, V
   WANG, Y
   TSAO, C
   WEINER, J
   DULIEU, O
   BAND, YB
   JULIENNE, PS
AF MARCASSA, L
   BAGNATO, V
   WANG, Y
   TSAO, C
   WEINER, J
   DULIEU, O
   BAND, YB
   JULIENNE, PS
TI COLLISIONAL LOSS RATE IN A MAGNETOOPTICAL TRAP FOR SODIUM ATOMS -
   LIGHT-INTENSITY DEPENDENCE
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A
LA English
DT Note
ID COLD
AB We have measured the total collisional loss rate for ultracold sodium atoms held in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) as a function of light intensity in the trap. We extract the rate constant for collisional loss by measuring the temporal behavior of MOT loading from background vapor. The loss rate increases with light intensity in satisfactory agreement with new calculations, which are also presented. The results are interpreted in terms of detailed collision processes.
C1 UNIV PARIS 11,COLLIS ATOM MOLEC LAB,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE.
   BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT CHEM,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   UNIV SAO PAULO,INST FIS & QUIM SAO CARLOS,BR-13560 SAO CARLOS,SP,BRAZIL.
RP MARCASSA, L (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA.
RI Weiner, John/C-1065-2008; Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012; Marcassa,
   Luis/H-3158-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012
OI Marcassa, Luis/0000-0003-4047-8984; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442
NR 17
TC 79
Z9 79
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 1050-2947
J9 PHYS REV A
JI Phys. Rev. A
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 6
BP R4563
EP R4566
PG 4
WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
SC Optics; Physics
GA LF727
UT WOS:A1993LF72700004
ER

PT J
AU OVERHAUSER, AW
   GIEBULTOWICZ, TM
AF OVERHAUSER, AW
   GIEBULTOWICZ, TM
TI POLARIZATION OF THE SPIN-DENSITY WAVES IN LEAD
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SUPERCONDUCTOR; ANISOTROPY
AB Experimental evidence that shows that lead has 12 small-amplitude spin-density waves (SDW's) with commensurate wave vectors Q(i) = {210} is reviewed. An unresolved question has been the polarization direction of the SDW's. Neutron-diffraction satellites from an s-band conduction-electron SDW occur only at +/- Q. The fractional modulation of each SDW is approximately 0.01, a value derived from the observed 10(5)-fold enhancement in the electronic specific heat at 0.5 K. Neutron-diffraction satellites at {210} will then have intensities approximately 3 X 10(-5) times that of a (nuclear) Bragg reflection provided the (linear) SDW's have transverse polarization. SDW satellite intensities will be zero if the SDW's are longitudinally polarized. Measurements using a highly filtered neutron beam at NIST's BT-9 spectrometer on a pure lead crystal at 4.2 K revealed no (210) satellite at the 5 X 10(-8) level. Consequently, one may conclude that the SDW's in lead are longitudinally polarized.
C1 NIST, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
RP PURDUE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA.
NR 31
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 2469-9950
EI 2469-9969
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 21
BP 14338
EP 14341
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.14338
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LF729
UT WOS:A1993LF72900049
ER

PT J
AU ROSOV, N
   LYNN, JW
   RADOUSKY, HB
   BENNAHMIAS, M
   GOODWIN, TJ
   KLAVINS, P
   SHELTON, RN
AF ROSOV, N
   LYNN, JW
   RADOUSKY, HB
   BENNAHMIAS, M
   GOODWIN, TJ
   KLAVINS, P
   SHELTON, RN
TI CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF THE RARE-EARTH AND CU MOMENTS
   IN RBA2CU2NBO8 (R = ND,PR)
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Article
ID SM; OXYGEN; ND; GD; PR; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; ER
AB Using neutron diffraction, we have studied the crystal structure and magnetic ordering of the rare-earth and Cu moments in the layered perovskite systems NdBa2Cu2NbO8 (Nd 2:2:1:8) and PrBa2Cu2NbO8 (Pr 2:2:1:8). These are systems similar to RBa2Cu3O6+, [R 1:2:3:(6+x)] for which the chain Cu-O layers have been fully replaced by layers of Nb-O octahedra. Powder profile refinements below 20 K show that both Nd 2:2:1:8 and Pr 2:2:1:8 are in space group I4/mcm, because the near-neighbor Nb-O octahedra are rotated about the c axis in opposite senses. The Cu moments are ordered below 375(10) K for Nd 2:2:1:8 and 340(15) K for Pr 2:2:1:8, with saturation moments in both cases of 0.5(1)mu(B). The near-neighbor Cu spins are aligned antiparallel, just as for the Cu ''plane'' ordering in R 1:2:3:(6+x). The rare-earth moments order at 1.69(5) and 12.6(1) K for Nd 2:2:1:8 and Pr 2:2:1:8, respectively, with saturated values of [mu(z)] =0.74(5)mu(B) and 1.2(1)mu(B). The near-neighbor R spins, both in the ab plane and along the c axis, are also aligned antiparallel. As in the case of Pr 1:2:3:(6+x), the Pr sublattice of Pr 2:2:1:8 has an ordering temperature that is much higher than other rare-earth moments in these layered perovskites, suggesting that the Pr in Pr 2:2:1:8 experiences the same f-electron hybridization as has been observed in Pr 1:2:3:(6+x). The rare-earth ordering of both Nd 2:2:1:8 and Pr 2:2:1:8 is not completely three-dimensional in nature: rather, the ordering within the a-b plane is two-dimensional with only short-range order along the c axis. The presence of oxygen defects appears to affect the c-axis correlation length.
C1 UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCOND RES,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742.
   LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550.
   UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT PHYS,DAVIS,CA 95616.
RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 31
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 22
BP 15256
EP 15264
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.15256
PG 9
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LF531
UT WOS:A1993LF53100058
ER

PT J
AU COFFEY, MW
AF COFFEY, MW
TI NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF TYPE-II SUPERCONDUCTORS IN THE MIXED-STATE IN SLAB
   GEOMETRY
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Note
ID FILMS; FIELD
AB The nonlinear response of a type-II superconductor of finite thickness arising from vortex motion is investigated. The results of the phenomenological theory extend the complex rf magnetic permeability and conductivity to a specific regime of nonlinear response. Explicit expressions for the complex penetration depths, amplitudes, fields, and densities for the second-harmonic response with various boundary conditions are presented.
RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA.
NR 20
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 22
BP 15298
EP 15301
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.15298
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LF531
UT WOS:A1993LF53100067
ER

PT J
AU SCHREYER, A
   BROHL, K
   ANKNER, JF
   MAJKRZAK, CF
   ZEIDLER, T
   BODEKER, P
   METOKI, N
   ZABEL, H
AF SCHREYER, A
   BROHL, K
   ANKNER, JF
   MAJKRZAK, CF
   ZEIDLER, T
   BODEKER, P
   METOKI, N
   ZABEL, H
TI OSCILLATORY EXCHANGE COUPLING IN CO CU(111) SUPERLATTICES
SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B
LA English
DT Note
ID LAYERS; PERIOD
AB By probing the magnetization profile of high-quality molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Co/Cu(111) superlattices with spin-polarized neutron reflectivity (SPNR), we have observed a coherent antiferromagnetic spin structure and confirm that this coupling behavior sensitively depends on the Cu spacer thicknesses. We present magneto-optical Kerr-effect data from which the oscillation period of the exchange coupling can be determined to be about 9 angstrom, consistent with theory and the SPNR data. With these results we confirm the existence of an oscillatory exchange coupling in this controversial system.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP SCHREYER, A (reprint author), RUHR UNIV BOCHUM,D-44780 BOCHUM,GERMANY.
RI Zabel, Hartmut/C-1994-2009; 
OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718
NR 26
TC 77
Z9 77
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
PI COLLEGE PK
PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA
SN 0163-1829
J9 PHYS REV B
JI Phys. Rev. B
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 47
IS 22
BP 15334
EP 15337
DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.15334
PG 4
WC Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Physics
GA LF531
UT WOS:A1993LF53100079
ER

PT J
AU GALLAGHER, T
   BRYAN, P
   GILLILAND, GL
AF GALLAGHER, T
   BRYAN, P
   GILLILAND, GL
TI CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT SUBTILISIN BY DESIGN
SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE CALCIUM BINDING; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; PROTEIN STABILITY; SITE-DIRECTED
   MUTAGENESIS; SUBTILISIN; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
ID LEAST-SQUARES REFINEMENT; PROTEIN
AB A version of subtilisin BPN' lacking the high affinity calcium site (site A) has been produced through genetic engineering methods, and its crystal structure refined at 1.8 A resolution. This protein and the corresponding version containing the calcium A site are described and compared. The deletion of residues 75-83 was made in the context of four site-specific replacements previously shown to stabilize subtilisin. The helix that in wild type is interrupted by the calcium binding loop, is continuous in the deletion mutant, with normal geometry. A few residues adjacent to the loop, principally those that were involved in calcium coordination, are repositioned and/or destabilized by the deletion. Because refolding is greatly facilitated by the absence of the Ca-loop, this protein offers a new vehicle for analysis and dissection of the folding reaction. This is among the largest internal changes to a protein to be described at atomic resolution.
C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850.
RP GALLAGHER, T (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA.
NR 19
TC 46
Z9 46
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012
SN 0887-3585
J9 PROTEINS
JI Proteins
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 16
IS 2
BP 205
EP 213
DI 10.1002/prot.340160207
PG 9
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics
GA LD188
UT WOS:A1993LD18800006
PM 8332608
ER

PT J
AU CEZAIRLIYAN, A
   CHANG, RF
   FOLEY, GM
   MIILLER, AP
AF CEZAIRLIYAN, A
   CHANG, RF
   FOLEY, GM
   MIILLER, AP
TI HIGH-SPEED SPATIAL SCANNING PYROMETER
SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
LA English
DT Article
AB A high-speed spatial scanning pyrometer has been designed and developed to measure spectral radiance temperatures at multiple target points along the length of a rapidly heating/cooling specimen in dynamic thermophysical experiments at high temperatures (above about 1800 K). The design, which is based on a self-scanning linear silicon array containing 1024 elements, enables the pyrometer to measure spectral radiance temperatures (nominally at 650 nm) at 1024 equally spaced points along a 25-mm target length. The elements of the array are sampled consecutively every 1 mus thereby permitting one cycle of measurements to be completed in approximately 1 ms. The pyrometer output is recorded digitally with a full-scale resolution of 0.025% every 1 mus. Procedures for calibration and temperature measurement as well as the characteristics and performance of the pyrometer are described. The details of sources and estimated magnitudes of possible errors are given. An example of measurements of radiance temperatures along the length of a tungsten rod, during its cooling following rapid resistive pulse heating, is presented.
RP CEZAIRLIYAN, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 10
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER INST PHYSICS
PI WOODBURY
PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999
SN 0034-6748
J9 REV SCI INSTRUM
JI Rev. Sci. Instrum.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 64
IS 6
BP 1584
EP 1592
DI 10.1063/1.1144030
PG 9
WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied
SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics
GA LF965
UT WOS:A1993LF96500038
ER

PT J
AU SEILER, DG
   MAYO, S
   LOWNEY, JR
AF SEILER, DG
   MAYO, S
   LOWNEY, JR
TI HG1-XCDXTE CHARACTERIZATION MEASUREMENTS - CURRENT PRACTICE AND
   FUTURE-NEEDS
SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHARACTERIZATION
CY OCT 15-16, 1992
CL DANVERS, MA
SP NIST
AB An extensive industrial survey of the importance and use of characterization measurements for HgCdTe materials, processes and devices has been completed. Seventy-two characterization/measurement techniques were considered and thirty-five responses were received. This information was sought for a study on materials characterization and measurement techniques of parameters and properties necessary to improve the manufacturing capabilities of HgCdTe infrared detectors. The nature of materials characterization is defined, and an overview is given of how it is related to improving IR detector manufacturing. Finally, we present a description of the characterization survey and a summary of the survey results. Major aspects of the results include: (1) ranking the 72 techniques by their importance and frequency of use, (2) listing the parameters or properties determined by each technique, (3) enumerating the most important properties that need to be measured, (4) indicating the key measurement techniques that most need to be developed, enhanced or improved, and (5) giving key overall comments.
RP SEILER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,MAT TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 13
TC 15
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 2
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0268-1242
J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH
JI Semicond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 6
SU S
BP 753
EP 776
DI 10.1088/0268-1242/8/6S/001
PG 24
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LL644
UT WOS:A1993LL64400002
ER

PT J
AU KOPANSKI, JJ
   SCHUSTER, CE
AF KOPANSKI, JJ
   SCHUSTER, CE
TI REVIEW OF SEMICONDUCTOR MICROELECTRONIC TEST STRUCTURES WITH
   APPLICATIONS TO INFRARED DETECTOR MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID P-TYPE HGCDTE; MINORITY-CARRIER-LIFETIME; MERCURY-CADMIUM-TELLURIDE;
   MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; HALL-EFFECT
   MEASUREMENTS; 1/F NOISE; RECOMBINATION MECHANISMS;
   ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; HG1-XCDX TE
AB The impact of microelectronic test structures, as they have been applied to silicon integrated circuits (ICS) and gallium arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICS), is reviewed. General principles for the use of test structures with possible applications to infrared (IR) detector technology based on HgCdTe and other materials are emphasized. The uses of test structures for Si and GaAs, test chip design methodology and some examples of how test structures have been applied for process control and to increase yield are discussed. Specific test structures and techniques that have been applied to IR detectors are also reviewed. The basic design considerations and measurements possible with each class of test structure are discussed. The important experience of the Si and GaAs industries, applicable to IR detectors, is that significant yield improvement is possible with improved process control using test structures. Increased research efforts to expand the applications of test structures to IR detector manufacture are indicated.
RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SEMICOND ELECTR, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA.
NR 151
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 1
U2 6
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND
SN 0268-1242
EI 1361-6641
J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH
JI Semicond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 6
SU S
BP 888
EP 910
DI 10.1088/0268-1242/8/6S/009
PG 23
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LL644
UT WOS:A1993LL64400010
ER

PT J
AU LARSON, DJ
   SILBERSTEIN, RP
   DIMARZIO, D
   CARLSON, FC
   GILLIES, D
   LONG, G
   DUDLEY, M
   WU, J
AF LARSON, DJ
   SILBERSTEIN, RP
   DIMARZIO, D
   CARLSON, FC
   GILLIES, D
   LONG, G
   DUDLEY, M
   WU, J
TI COMPOSITIONAL, STRAIN CONTOUR AND PROPERTY MAPPING OF CDZNTE BOULES AND
   WAFERS
SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHARACTERIZATION
CY OCT 15-16, 1992
CL DANVERS, MA
SP NIST
AB We have developed detailed non-destructive mapping and spatial imaging techniques for comparing boule and wafer properties with analytical predictions from high-fidelity process models for seeded vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger growth of CdZnTe crystals. We have emphasized the prediction of the magnitude and distribution of residual stress and strain, as well as longitudinal and radial segregation within the boules and across wafers cut from the boules. Boule and wafer compositional distributions were mapped using photoreflectance, precision lattice parameter measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. Defect and strain distributions within the boules and wafers were imaged using synchrotron topography, synchrotron strain contour mapping, and double-crystal rocking-curve mapping Thermomechanical and thermosolutal models specifically addressing the seeded vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger growth of CdZnTe crystals were developed and empiricized. These models addressed solute redistribution and stress generation as a result of the interface shape, aspect ratio and growth parameters during the seeding, initial transient (including the shoulder), steady-state and terminal transient regions of the boule Finally, the stress and strain distributions on specific wafers 'cut' from the processed (modelled) boules were predicted and x-ray synchrotron strain contour, double-crystal rocking-curve, FTIR, and photoreflectance maps were generated on the real wafers for comparison. Implications of these results with respect to substrate quality, screening, performance and producibility, will be discussed.
C1 CLARKSON UNIV,POTSDAM,NY 13676.
   NASA,GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SPACE SCI LAB,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35812.
   SUNY,STONY BROOK,NY 11794.
   NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
RP LARSON, DJ (reprint author), GRUMMAN AEROSP CORP,CORP RES CTR,BETHPAGE,NY 11714, USA.
NR 6
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0268-1242
J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH
JI Semicond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 6
SU S
BP 911
EP 915
DI 10.1088/0268-1242/8/6S/010
PG 5
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LL644
UT WOS:A1993LL64400011
ER

PT J
AU CARR, GL
   REICHMAN, J
   DIMARZIO, D
   LEE, MB
   EDERER, DL
   MIYANO, KE
   MUELLER, DR
   VASILAKIS, A
   OBRIEN, WL
AF CARR, GL
   REICHMAN, J
   DIMARZIO, D
   LEE, MB
   EDERER, DL
   MIYANO, KE
   MUELLER, DR
   VASILAKIS, A
   OBRIEN, WL
TI NOVEL TECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING DETECTOR MATERIALS USING PULSED
   INFRARED SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION
SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHARACTERIZATION
CY OCT 15-16, 1992
CL DANVERS, MA
SP NIST
ID OPTICAL MODULATION SPECTROSCOPY; LIFETIME MEASUREMENT; HG0.7CD0.3TE;
   HGCDTE
AB The VUV ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS, Brookhaven National Laboratory) is a source of nanosecond-duration, high-brightness, broadband IR pulses. We are developing several measurement techniques for characterizing Hg1-xCdxTe and other IR detector materials using this source. For example, the broadband IR pulses can be used to study transient photoconductive decay at various photon energies near the bandgap. A particularly novel technique we have developed is far-infrared photoinduced nanosecond spectroscopy (FIR-PINS). In this all-optical (contactless) measurement, a short laser pulse generates photocarriers which are subsequently sensed by a far-infrared pulse from the synchrotron. Spectroscopic analysis of the far-infrared yields the free carrier plasma frequency, providing information on the photocarrier density. By varying the delay time of the far-infrared pulse (relative to the laser pulse), the photocarrier relaxation is determined with nanosecond resolution. In addition to being contactless, the technique offers other potential advantages over electrical measurements. Results for MBE-grown Hg1-xCdxTe are presented.
C1 TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118.
   NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899.
   LONG ISL UNIV CW POST,DEPT PHYS,BROOKVILLE,NY 11548.
   UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996.
RP CARR, GL (reprint author), GRUMMAN AEROSP CORP,CORP RES CTR,BETHPAGE,NY 11714, USA.
NR 16
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0268-1242
J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH
JI Semicond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 6
SU S
BP 922
EP 927
DI 10.1088/0268-1242/8/6S/012
PG 6
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LL644
UT WOS:A1993LL64400013
ER

PT J
AU SEILER, DG
AF SEILER, DG
TI MERCURY CADMIUM TELLURIDE CHARACTERIZATION - PROCEEDINGS OF THE
   INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, 15-16 OCTOBER 1992, DANVERS, MA, USA - FOREWORD
SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
RP SEILER, DG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,MAT TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD
PI BRISTOL
PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX
SN 0268-1242
J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH
JI Semicond. Sci. Technol.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 8
IS 6
SU S
BP U753
EP U753
PG 1
WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science,
   Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter
SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics
GA LL644
UT WOS:A1993LL64400001
ER

PT J
AU REISH, DJ
   OSHIDA, PS
   MEARNS, AJ
   GINN, TC
AF REISH, DJ
   OSHIDA, PS
   MEARNS, AJ
   GINN, TC
TI EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON SALTWATER ORGANISMS
SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
LA English
DT Review
ID PESTICIDE TECHNICAL CHLORDANE; SEDIMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENTS; TALITRID
   AMPHIPODS CRUSTACEA; TRACE-METAL CONCENTRATIONS; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT;
   CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; MACROBENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; MACROFAUNAL
   COMMUNITIES; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS
C1 US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA.
   NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98115.
   PTI ENVIRONM SERV,BELLEVUE,WA.
RP REISH, DJ (reprint author), CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,DEPT BIOL,LONG BEACH,CA 90840, USA.
NR 126
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 2
PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994
SN 1061-4303
J9 WATER ENVIRON RES
JI Water Environ. Res.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 65
IS 4
BP 573
EP 585
PG 13
WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water
   Resources
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater
   Biology; Water Resources
GA LM722
UT WOS:A1993LM72200038
ER

PT J
AU CALLENDER, E
   ROBBINS, JA
AF CALLENDER, E
   ROBBINS, JA
TI TRANSPORT AND ACCUMULATION OF RADIONUCLIDES AND STABLE ELEMENTS IN A
   MISSOURI RIVER RESERVOIR
SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID LAKE-MICHIGAN; SEDIMENTATION-RATES; RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT; CS-137; PB-210;
   BE-7; DEPOSITION; CHERNOBYL; WATERS
AB Several long sediment cores from the Cheyenne River Embayment of Lake Oahe, a 250-km-long Missouri River reservoir in South Dakota, have been analyzed for radionuclides and stable elements. The combination of fine-scale sampling and rapid sedimentation produces radionuclide distributions that can be used to estimate the detailed chronology of particle transport processes in the Oahe reservoir system. A self-consistent and quantitative treatment of the Cs-137 data suggests processes to which characteristic times may be associated. Times that characterize system-wide processes include (1) an integration time of several years reflecting retention of the sediment-bound tracer in regions within or external to the reservoir, (2) a relaxation time of approximately 15 years reflecting a decreasing rate of sediment accumulation ascribed to shoreline stabilization, (3) a time of a few months characterizing the breadth of riverine signatures in cores due to integration effects in the Cheyenne River system and deltaic deposits, and (4) times of a few years associated with propagation of riverine load signatures along the embayment. The distribution of total sedimentary arsenic confirms the validity of the variable sedimentation model. In 1977, a tailings retention facility was built at the Homestake Mine site, and the unrestricted input of As ceased. As a result of this remedial action, the concentration of sedimentary As decreased dramatically. In the upper section of the core, above the depth represented by the year 1976, the concentration of As decreases tenfold. In this same core the distribution of lithologically discriminating chemical elements, calcium and vanadium, relate to major flow events in the Cheyenne River basin. Because there is minimal diagenesis of chemical constituents in these rapidly accumulating sediments, stable element signatures, in addition to radiotracers, may be used to reconstruct hydrologic events in drainage basins that contribute sediment to lakes and reservoirs.
C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105.
RP CALLENDER, E (reprint author), US GEOL SURVEY,NATL CTR,MAIL STOP 430,12201 SUNRISE VALLEY DR,RESTON,VA 22092, USA.
NR 55
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009
SN 0043-1397
J9 WATER RESOUR RES
JI Water Resour. Res.
PD JUN
PY 1993
VL 29
IS 6
BP 1787
EP 1804
DI 10.1029/93WR00387
PG 18
WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water
   Resources
GA LE495
UT WOS:A1993LE49500026
ER

PT J
AU DONG, X
   JAHANMIR, S
AF DONG, X
   JAHANMIR, S
TI WEAR TRANSITION DIAGRAM FOR SILICON-NITRIDE
SO WEAR
LA English
DT Article
ID FRICTION; CERAMICS; SI3N4
AB Utilization of silicon nitride ceramics in applications involving contact between two sliding surfaces requires information on the effect of contact conditions and materials microstructure on tribological performance. In the present study, unlubricated wear tests were conducted on a hot isostatically-pressed silicon nitride under various test conditions in self-mated sliding tests in air. Following the tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to elucidate the wear mechanisms and particularly to delineate the effects of load and temperature on wear. The results of the tests and observations were used to construct a wear transition diagram, with load and temperature as the two axes. This diagram is divided into five regions plus one transition zone. The controlling mechanism and tribological data, i.e. friction coefficient and wear coefficient, in each region are unique. At low loads and relatively low temperatures, the tribological behavior is controlled by tribochemical reactions between silicon nitride surface and water vapor in the environment. In the temperature range 400-700-degrees-C at low loads, selective oxidation of WC inclusions controls the wear behavior. Formation of crystalline precipitates from the amorphous magnesium silicate grain boundary phase controls the wear process from 700 to 900-degrees-C at low loads. At higher temperatures, oxidation of silicon nitride dominates the wear process. A transition to severe wear by micro-fracture is observed as the contact load is increased above a particular value. Detailed understanding of the fundamental mechanisms can provide guidelines for microstructural modifications to avoid severe wear under operating conditions.
RP DONG, X (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA.
NR 20
TC 101
Z9 105
U1 1
U2 12
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE
PI LAUSANNE 1
PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND
SN 0043-1648
J9 WEAR
JI Wear
PD JUN 1
PY 1993
VL 165
IS 2
BP 169
EP 180
DI 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90332-G
PG 12
WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
SC Engineering; Materials Science
GA LD582
UT WOS:A1993LD58200006
ER

EF