FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU HILL, CD AF HILL, CD TI FORECAST PROBLEMS IN THE WESTERN REGION OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE - AN OVERVIEW SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The western United States is a preferred location for persistent midtropospheric long-wavelength ridges at the planetary scale. This greatly affects the character of synoptic-scale disturbances that move through the region, and results in an increased importance of mesoscale processes and their interaction with the complex terrain of the area. This article discusses some of the important large-scale, synoptic-scale, and mesoscale factors as background for the following series of papers on specific western United States terrain-influenced forecast problems. RP HILL, CD (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF FORECAST,BIN C15700,7600 SAND POINT WAY,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0158:FPITWR>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL627 UT WOS:A1993LL62700002 ER PT J AU OARD, MJ AF OARD, MJ TI A METHOD FOR PREDICTING CHINOOK WINDS EAST OF THE MONTANA ROCKIES SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Damaging foehn winds, locally known as ''chinook'' winds, are loosely defined and generally described for the east slopes of the Montana Rockies. Three upper-level patterns associated with chinook episodes in Montana are described and illustrated. The ''basin high'' pattern is characterized by a strong surface high pressure system in the Great Basin, and is associated with light to moderate southwest winds and mild temperatures along the east slopes of the Rockies. The ''Klondike'' pattern is associated with chinook winds when slightly warmer air replaces an arctic air mass that has pushed southward over Montana. The ''frontal'' pattern produces the most significant and damaging chinook wind episodes and occurs when a rapidly moving Pacific cold front sweeps into Montana or southern Alberta as a ridge remains farther south over the western United States. An objective aid for forecasting the strength of wind gusts for the frontal chinook pattern at Great Falls, and other locations in the chinook belt, is described. Verification of the multiple regression equation is presented, and possible reasons for underforecasting peak wind speeds in some cases are discussed. RP OARD, MJ (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,2800 TERMINAL DR,GREAT FALLS,MT 59404, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 166 EP 180 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0166:AMFPCW>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL627 UT WOS:A1993LL62700003 ER PT J AU CARPENTER, DM AF CARPENTER, DM TI THE LAKE EFFECT OF THE GREAT-SALT-LAKE - OVERVIEW AND FORECAST PROBLEMS SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A lake-effect snow phenomenon along the shore of the Great Salt Lake (GSL) in Utah is documented and related to a similar, well-documented lake effect along the shores of the Great Lakes. Twenty-eight cases of GSL lake-effect snowfall are examined tor common parameters that can he used to forecast the occurrence of the lake effect and the location of the heaviest snowfall. Each of the cases produced at least 4 in. (10 cm) of snow at some point in the Salt Lake Valley, and nine of them produced over a foot (30 cm) of snow. Upper-air data at 700 mb provide information useful in forecasting both the occurrence of the lake effect and the location of the heaviest snowfall. A temperature difference of at least 17-degrees-C between the GSL and 700 mb is common in the heaviest snowfall cases. A method for real-time diagnosis of the temperature of the GSL is discussed. The 700-mb wind direction is useful for predicting the location of heaviest snowfall. The 18 October 1984 case is highlighted as an example of a GSL lake-effect storm and as an example of the forecast problems presented by the GSL lake effect. C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0181:TLEOTG>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL627 UT WOS:A1993LL62700004 ER PT J AU JANNUZZI, JA AF JANNUZZI, JA TI THE ONSHORE PUSH OF MARINE AIR INTO THE PACIFIC-NORTHWEST SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Areas west of the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest have a mild climate generally influenced by air flowing inland from the cool northwest Pacific Ocean. Warm, dry episodes in the warm season end with a return to this marine influence. The change can occur abruptly as a classic marine push. or in a more gradual fashion. A brief description of the marine push, as well as its impact on the public, is provided. The range of events in terms of abruptness and magnitude are highlighted, and comparisons are made between strong and weak cases. Synoptic and mesoscale features important for the forecast of the marine push magnitude are discussed. RP JANNUZZI, JA (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,3905 VISTA AVE,BOISE,ID 83705, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 194 EP 203 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0194:TOPOMA>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL627 UT WOS:A1993LL62700005 ER PT J AU FELSCH, P WHITLATCH, W AF FELSCH, P WHITLATCH, W TI STRATUS SURGE PREDICTION ALONG THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COAST SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB A simple decision-tree forecast scheme to predict the south-north development or movement of stratus along the central California coast is developed and tested. Known as ''stratus surges,'' these mesoscale events are infrequently observed along the west coast of North America during the summer season. A subjective test involving inspection of visible image satellite photographs is successful in determining when the potential for surge development exists. Objective tests based on Oakland, California, radiosonde data and alongshore pressure gradients at 0000 UTC are developed to make ''surge'' and ''no surge'' forecasts for potential events. Skill scores show that forecasts based on the objective tests achieved a moderate level of accuracy. This technique is easy to apply and could serve as a basis for the development of other stratus surge forecast schemes along the coast. RP FELSCH, P (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WEATHER SERV OFF,SANTA MARIA AIRPORT,SANTA MARIA,CA 93455, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0204:SSPATC>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL627 UT WOS:A1993LL62700006 ER PT J AU WERTH, P OCHOA, R AF WERTH, P OCHOA, R TI THE EVALUATION OF IDAHO WILDFIRE GROWTH USING THE HAINES INDEX SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB An atmospheric index specifically designed to he related to the growth of wildland fires is evaluated for two recent Idaho fires. The index includes terms related to high midlevel lapse rates and low-level dry air. In the cases examined, the index performs well at pinpointing the time of the most explosive fire growth. Long-term season statistics also show that the index is useful for determining when the most acreage will be lost to wildland fires. RP WERTH, P (reprint author), NATL WEATHER SERV,WEATHER SERV FORECAST OFF,3905 VISTA AVE,BOISE,ID 83705, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0223:TEOIWG>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL627 UT WOS:A1993LL62700008 ER PT J AU BEACH, RS BORCHERS, JA MATHENY, A ERWIN, RW SALAMON, MB EVERITT, B PETTIT, K RHYNE, JJ FLYNN, CP AF BEACH, RS BORCHERS, JA MATHENY, A ERWIN, RW SALAMON, MB EVERITT, B PETTIT, K RHYNE, JJ FLYNN, CP TI ENHANCED CURIE TEMPERATURES AND MAGNETOELASTIC DOMAINS IN DY/LU SUPERLATTICES AND FILMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GD-Y SUPERLATTICES; ORDER AB We have grown high quality superlattices of Dy with nonmagnetic Lu and find that the 2.4% epitaxial compression nearly doubles the ferromagnetic T(C) of Dy with little change in the Neel temperature. A helimagnetic phase exists over a narrow temperature range. Below T(C) in superlattices, 300 angstrom orthorhombic domains form despite epitaxial constraints, each with a magnetostrictive distortion comparable to that of bulk Dy. For the thinnest intervening Lu layers, individual ferromagnetic Dy blocks have parallel alignment; the remaining samples show antiparallel alignment, coherent over many bilayer periods. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BEACH, RS (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,1110 W GREEN ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 16 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 31 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 22 BP 3502 EP 3505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA LE029 UT WOS:A1993LE02900037 ER PT J AU DEETER, MN DAY, GW BEAHN, TJ MANHEIMER, M AF DEETER, MN DAY, GW BEAHN, TJ MANHEIMER, M TI MAGNETOOPTIC MAGNETIC-FIELD SENSOR WITH 1.4PT/ROOT(HZ) MINIMUM DETECTABLE FIELD AT 1 KHZ SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE MAGNETOOPTICAL DEVICES; MEASUREMENT AB The Letter demonstrates that the sensitivity of magneto-optic magnetic field sensors employing iron garnets can be increased by approximately two orders of magnitude by applying flux concentration. A minimum detectable field of 1.4 pT/square-root (Hz) was measured when a cylindrical gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet crystal was combined with two conically tapered nickel-zinc ferrite cylinders. C1 US DEPT DEF,PHYS SCI LAB,COLL PK,MD 20740. RP DEETER, MN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Manheimer, Marc/D-6320-2013; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016 OI Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518 NR 3 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 27 PY 1993 VL 29 IS 11 BP 993 EP 994 DI 10.1049/el:19930661 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA LN439 UT WOS:A1993LN43900038 ER PT J AU ELSTON, HJ DAVIDSON, ER TODD, FG PARMENTER, CS AF ELSTON, HJ DAVIDSON, ER TODD, FG PARMENTER, CS TI VIBRATIONS OF S1 ((1)B(2U)) P-DIFLUOROBENZENE-D(4) - S1-S0 FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND ABINITIO CALCULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIBRONIC LEVEL FLUORESCENCE; COOLED PARA-DIFLUOROBENZENE; P-DIFLUOROBENZENE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; COLLISION-FREE; GAS-PHASE; STATE; SPECTRA; TRANSITION; BENZENE AB The S1(B-1(2u))-S0(1Ag)) spectroscopy of p-difluorobenzene-d4 (C6D4F2,pDFB-d4) cooled in a supersonic free jet expansion has been characterized by fluorescence excitation (FE) and dispersed fluorescence. The 0(0)0 band lies at 36 987 +/- 1.0 cm-1 (vacuum). The FE band assignments have provided the values of 11 S1 fundamentals. The pattern of Franck-Condon allowed vibrational activity and of vibronically induced transitions is similar to that of pDFB-h4. An exception concerns the a(g) mode v4 that is a prominent source of progressions in d4 on account of harmonic mode scrambling but inactive in h4. Bands involving an out-of-phase mode (v8) that undergoes large frequency change in many aromatics upon formation of rare gas van der Waals complexes have anomalously large intensity when S1 overtones are excited but normal Franck-Condon intensity for S0 overtones. This singular behavior occurs in both h4 and d4. Four Fermi resonances have been detected. A compilation of S1 and S0 fundamentals for both molecules identifies those cases where correlation between S1 and S0 modes is provided by the Franck-Condon mapping of dispersed fluorescence. The v(i)'/v(i)'' ratios for such modes match closely in h4 and d4. This empirical correlation is also observed to hold in the frequencies calculated with ab initio theory. The correlation may be used to estimate (+/-5%) the values of all but six S1 d4 fundamentals that remain unobserved in the spectroscopy. Ab initio as well as semiempirical MOPAC calculations have predicted the structure, the vibrational frequencies, and the normal-mode coordinates in both states of both molecules. All predict pDFB to be planar with D2h symmetry in both states. The usual ab initio scaling to replicate S0 frequencies holds well (+/-5%) also for the S1 frequencies. Several cases of mode mixing appear in comparisons of S1 with S0 motions and of h4 with d4 motions. Other modes are predicted to interchange identities upon electronic excitation. The discovery of this mode switching also reveals that one in-plane C-C stretching mode undergoes a 50% increase in frequency with electronic excitation. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405. RI Davidson, Ernest/K-9709-2015 OI Davidson, Ernest/0000-0002-3096-480X NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAY 27 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 21 BP 5506 EP 5518 DI 10.1021/j100123a010 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LE401 UT WOS:A1993LE40100010 ER PT J AU SEAKINS, PW WOODBRIDGE, EL LEONE, SR AF SEAKINS, PW WOODBRIDGE, EL LEONE, SR TI A LASER FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS, TIME-RESOLVED FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-EMISSION STUDY OF THE REACTION CL+C2H5-]HCL(UPSILON)+C2H4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR ELIMINATION-REACTIONS; CL ATOM REACTIONS; ETHYL RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; CHAIN REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE; KINETICS; C2H6; HF AB The atom-radical reaction Cl + C2H5 --> HCl(upsilon) + C2H4 is studied using laser flash photolysis, time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy and broad band infrared chemiluminescence. The Cl atoms and ethyl radicals are produced from a number of different precursors using one or two lasers. The initial HCl vibrational distribution is determined to be HCl (upsilon=1/2/3/4=0.39 +/- 0.04/0.29 +/- 0.03/0.22 +/- 0.02/0.10 +/-0.02). The vibrational distribution is characteristic of an addition-elimination mechanism and can be reproduced using modified statistical theories of energy partitioning within the [C2H5Cl] intermediate. The time evolution of the HCl(upsilon=4) emission is used to estimate a rate coefficient for this reaction of (3.0 +/- 1.0) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAY 27 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 21 BP 5633 EP 5642 DI 10.1021/j100123a029 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LE401 UT WOS:A1993LE40100029 ER PT J AU STANSBURY, JW AF STANSBURY, JW TI OBSERVATIONS RELATED TO THE AMINE-CATALYZED COUPLING REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND ACRYLATES SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Note ID MONOMERS; ALPHA-(HYDROXYMETHYL)ACRYLATES RP STANSBURY, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,DENT & MED MAT GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 24 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2981 EP 2982 DI 10.1021/ma00063a052 PG 2 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA LD860 UT WOS:A1993LD86000052 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, HE DOUGLAS, JF GRANICK, S AF JOHNSON, HE DOUGLAS, JF GRANICK, S TI TOPOLOGICAL INFLUENCES ON POLYMER ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION DYNAMICS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLID LIQUID INTERFACE; POLYSTYRENE; DIFFUSION; KINETICS AB The desorption of polymer chains through an overlayer of strongly adsorbed chains was studied to determine the influence of topological constraints on the polymer desorption process. The desorption time of linear chains fits a power law, M(a), where M is molecular weight and a = 2.3 +/- 0.2. A comparison of linear and star-branched chains shows that desorption of star-branched chains was greatly suppressed. These findings are reminiscent of entanglement effects in bulk systems. They suggest a unifying perspective from which to analyze polymer mobility at surfaces. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP JOHNSON, HE (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 24 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 21 BP 3267 EP 3270 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3267 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA LC943 UT WOS:A1993LC94300023 ER PT J AU BODHAINE, BA DUTTON, EG AF BODHAINE, BA DUTTON, EG TI A LONG-TERM DECREASE IN ARCTIC HAZE AT BARROW, ALASKA SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS; OPTICAL DEPTH; AGASP-II; POLLUTION; SULFUR AB Surface aerosol scattering measurements have been conducted at Barrow, Alaska, from May 1976 to the present using a four-wavelength nephelometer. Total column aerosol optical depth measurements have been obtained over the same time period. Both data sets show a maximum in 1982 and then a decreasing trend to the present. This decreasing trend is apparent, and statistically significant, only in March-April. Arctic haze, caused by long-range transport from midlatitude industrial regions, is most evident in the vicinity of Barrow during this time of year. We suggest that the decrease in Arctic haze at Barrow, as observed in the aerosol light scattering and optical depth records, is due to decreased anthropogenic pollution emissions in Europe and the former Soviet Union, the primary source regions for the springtime aerosol at Barrow. Volcanic effects in the stratosphere have been subtracted from the optical depth data, and are not believed to be significant in the surface-based data. RP BODHAINE, BA (reprint author), NOAA,CMDL,R E CG1,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 21 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 10 BP 947 EP 950 DI 10.1029/93GL01146 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LE448 UT WOS:A1993LE44800018 ER PT J AU SMITH, CJ SPAIN, EM DALBERTH, MJ LEONE, SR DRIESSEN, JPJ AF SMITH, CJ SPAIN, EM DALBERTH, MJ LEONE, SR DRIESSEN, JPJ TI INITIAL AND FINAL ORBITAL ALIGNMENT PROBING OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE-CHANGING COLLISIONS AMONG THE CA(4S)(1)(4P)(1),(3)P(J) STATES WITH HE - DETERMINATION OF COHERENCE AND CONVENTIONAL CROSS-SECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-FARADAY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATO ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON ORIENTATION AND POLARISATION EFFECTS IN CHEMICAL REACTION DYNAMICS CY NOV 20-25, 1992 CL ASSISI, ITALY SP NATO, UNIV PERUGIA, DIPT CHIM, CNR ID ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION; TRANSITIONS; ATOMS AB A laser pump-probe experiment is used to study the orbital alignment effects, orientation effects and vector correlations of collisonal transfer of the Ca (4s)1(4p)1, P-3(1) state to the Ca (4s)1(4p)1, P-3(2, 0) levels. The experiment is configured in a single-collision crossed-beam arrangement between Ca and He, and multi-structure cross-sections are determined using appropriate combinations of linear and circular laser light for the pump/probe steps. Real and imaginary parts of coherence cross-sections are obtained along with the conventional population cross-sections for the m1 --> m2 magnetic sublevel transitions into the P-3(2) level. The total relative cross-section ratio for the perpendicular (m1 = +/- 1) to parallel (m1 = 0) polarization preparation of P-3(1) transferring to P-3(2) is 1.46 +/- 0.15. For initial P-3(1) preparation with laser light linearly polarized perpendicular to the initial relative velocity vector, the transfer into the m2-sublevels of the P-3(2) state show a distinct preference for the sign-changing m1 = + 1 --> m2 = -1 transition. Preparation of Ca P-3(1) with laser light linearly polarized parallel to the initial relative velocity vector produces population transfer into the P-3(2) level that is completely aligned in the +/- 1 and +/-2 sublevels, consistent with symmetry considerations. The magnitudes of the coherence cross-sections range from a few percent to greater than 100% of some of the population transfer conventional cross-sections. Study of the alignment effect into the final P-3(0) state found a very large observed effect (sigma(\m\=1)/sigma\m\=0) of 23 +/- 0.9. Interpretation of the energy transfer results indicates that the energy transfer obeys symmetry rules and follows predictions of curve crossings between the SIGMA and PI potentials, where for the transfer into P-3(2) only indirect coupling can occur. C1 EINDHOVEN UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,5600 MB EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RP SMITH, CJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0956-5000 J9 J CHEM SOC FARADAY T JI J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. PD MAY 21 PY 1993 VL 89 IS 10 BP 1401 EP 1411 DI 10.1039/ft9938901401 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA LD678 UT WOS:A1993LD67800001 ER PT J AU CHURNSIDE, JH WILSON, JJ AF CHURNSIDE, JH WILSON, JJ TI ENHANCED BACKSCATTER OF A REFLECTED BEAM IN ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We measure the mean and the variance of the irradiance of a diverging laser beam after reflection from a retroreflector and from a plane mirror in a turbulent atmosphere. Increases in both the mean irradiance and the normalized variance are observed in the direct backscatter direction because of correlation of turbulence on the outgoing path and the return path. The backscattered irradiance is enhanced by a factor of approximately 2 and the variance by somewhat less. RP CHURNSIDE, JH (reprint author), NOAA, WAVE PROPAGAT LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 15 BP 2651 EP 2655 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA LC306 UT WOS:A1993LC30600002 PM 20820426 ER PT J AU PFISTER, L CHAN, KR BUI, TP BOWEN, S LEGG, M GARY, B KELLY, K PROFFITT, M STARR, W AF PFISTER, L CHAN, KR BUI, TP BOWEN, S LEGG, M GARY, B KELLY, K PROFFITT, M STARR, W TI GRAVITY-WAVES GENERATED BY A TROPICAL CYCLONE DURING THE STEP TROPICAL FIELD PROGRAM - A CASE-STUDY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ER-2 AIRCRAFT; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; CIRCULATION MODEL; OZONE; ANVILS AB Overflights of a tropical cyclone during the Australian winter monsoon field experiment of the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project (STEP) show the presence of two mesoscale phenomena: a vertically propagating gravity wave with a horizontal wavelength of about 110 km and a feature with a horizontal scale comparable to that of the cyclone's entire cloud shield (wavelength of 250 km or greater). The larger feature is fairly steady, though its physical interpretation is ambiguous. The 110-km gravity wave is transient, having maximum amplitude early in the flight and decreasing in amplitude thereafter. Its scale is comparable to that of 100-to 150-km-diameter cells of low satellite brightness temperatures within the overall cyclone cloud shield: these cells have lifetimes of 4.5 to 6 hours. Aircraft flights through the anvil show that these cells correspond to regions of enhanced convection, higher cloud altitude, and upwardly displaced potential temperature surfaces. A three-dimensional transient linear gravity wave simulation shows that the temporal and spatial distribution of meteorological variables associated with the 110-km gravity wave can be simulated by a slowly moving transient forcing at the anvil top having an amplitude of 400-600 m, a lifetime of 4.5-6 hours and a size comparable to the cells of low brightness temperature. The forcing amplitudes indicate that the zonal drag due to breaking mesoscale transient convective gravity waves is definitely important to the westerly phase of the stratopause semiannual oscillation and possibly important to the easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation. There is strong evidence that some of the mesoscale gravity waves break below 20 km as well. The effect of this wave breaking on the diabatic circulation below 20 km may be comparable to that of above-cloud diabatic cooling. C1 SAN JOSE STATE UNIV,SAN JOSE,CA 95192. JET PROP LAB,PASADENA,CA 91109. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP PFISTER, L (reprint author), NASA,AMES RES CTR,MAIL STOP 245-5,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035, USA. NR 27 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8611 EP 8638 DI 10.1029/92JD01679 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600004 ER PT J AU KNOLLENBERG, RG KELLY, K WILSON, JC AF KNOLLENBERG, RG KELLY, K WILSON, JC TI MEASUREMENTS OF HIGH NUMBER DENSITIES OF ICE CRYSTALS IN THE TOPS OF TROPICAL CUMULONIMBUS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD; MODEL; NUCLEATION; DROPLETS AB Imaging and light scattering instruments were used during the January/February 1987 STEP Tropical Experiment at Darwin, Australia, to measure ice crystal size distributions in the tops of tropical cumulonimbus anvils associated with tropical cyclones and related cloud systems. Two light scattering instruments covered particles from 0.1-mum to 78-mum diameter. Particles larger than 50-mum diameter were imaged with a two-dimensional Grey optical array imaging probe. The measurements were made at altitudes ranging from 13 to 18 km at temperatures ranging from -60-degrees to -90-degrees-C. Additional measurements made in continental cumulonimbus anvils in the western United States offer a comparative data set. The tropical anvil penetrations revealed surprisingly high concentrations of ice crystals. Number densities were typically greater than 10 cm-3 with up to 100 cm-3 if one includes all particles larger than 0.1 mum and can approach condensation nuclei in total concentration. In order to explain the high number densities, ice crystal nucleation at altitude is proposed with the freezing of fairly concentrated solution droplets in equilibrium at low relative humidities. Any dilute liquid phase is hypothesized to be transitory with a vanishingly short lifetime and limited to cloud levels nearer -40-degrees-C. Homogeneous nucleation of ice involving H2SO4 nuclei is attractive in explaining the high number densities of small ice crystals observed near cloud top at temperatures below -60-degrees-C. The tropical size distributions were converted to mass using a spherical equivalent size. while the continental anvil data were treated as crystalline plates. Comparisons of the ice water contents integrated from the mass distributions with total water contents measured with NOAA Lyman-alpha instruments require bulk densities equivalent to solid ice for best agreement. Correlation between the two data sets for a number of flight passes was quite good and was further improved by subtraction of water vapor density values ranging between ice and water saturation. Ice water contents up to 0.07 m-3 were observed in the tropical anvils with over 0.1 g m-3 in continental anvils. The size distributions in tropical anvils generally reveal mass modes at sizes of 20-40 mum. With rare exceptions, particles larger than 100 mum were not observed near the cloud tops. In continental cumulonimbus anvils, much larger plate crystals approaching 1 mm in size account for the majority of the ice water. Most of the ice crystal mass lofted to anvil altitudes falls to lower levels prior to evaporating. The anvils can experience strong radiational heating as well as cooling depending upon lower cloud cover, particle size distribution. and time of day. C1 NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV DENVER,DEPT ENGN,DENVER,CO 80208. RP KNOLLENBERG, RG (reprint author), PARTICLE MEASURING SYST INC,1855 S 57 COURT,BOULDER,CO 80301, USA. NR 29 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8639 EP 8664 DI 10.1029/92JD02525 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600005 ER PT J AU KELLY, KK PROFFITT, MH CHAN, KR LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE Jr STRAHAN, SE WILSON, JC KLEY, D AF KELLY, KK PROFFITT, MH CHAN, KR LOEWENSTEIN, M PODOLSKE, JR STRAHAN, SE WILSON, JC KLEY, D TI WATER-VAPOR AND CLOUD WATER MEASUREMENTS OVER DARWIN DURING THE STEP 1987 TROPICAL MISSION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE; SAMS; LIMS AB Measurements of stratospheric and upper tropospheric cloud water plus water vapor (total water) and water vapor were made with two Lyman a hygrometers as part of the STEP tropical experiment. The insitu measurements were made in the Darwin, Australia, area in January and February of 1987 on an ER-2 aircraft. Average stratospheric water vapor at a potential temperature of 375 K (the average value of theta at the tropopause) was 2.4 parts per million by volume (ppmv). This water mixing ratio is below the 3.0 to 4.0 ppmv necessary to be consistent with the observed upper stratospheric dryness. Saturation with respect to ice and the potential for dehydration was observed up to theta = 402 K. C1 PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08542 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST CHEM 2, W-5170 JULICH 1, GERMANY. NASA, AMES RES CTR, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. UNIV DENVER, DENVER, CO 80208 USA. RP KELLY, KK (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Strahan, Susan/H-1965-2012 NR 25 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8713 EP 8723 DI 10.1029/92JD02526 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600009 ER PT J AU KRITZ, MA ROSNER, SW KELLY, KK LOEWENSTEIN, M CHAN, KR AF KRITZ, MA ROSNER, SW KELLY, KK LOEWENSTEIN, M CHAN, KR TI RADON MEASUREMENTS IN THE LOWER TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE - EVIDENCE FOR RAPID VERTICAL TRANSPORT AND DEHYDRATION OF TROPOSPHERIC AIR SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC RADON; RN-222; MECHANISM; PROFILES; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB During the tropical experiment of NASA's Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Program (STEP), in situ radon and other trace constituent measurements were made aboard a NASA ER-2 high-altitude research aircraft to investigate the mechanisms of irreversible transfers from the troposphere into the tropical stratosphere. Observations made in and downwind of the cirrus shields of three large tropical cyclones and downwind of the cirrus anvil of a large cumulonimbus cloud cluster showed several clear instances of elevated radon activity occurring simultaneously with low total water mixing ratios. These observations are unambiguous evidence of an effective dehydration process, capable of reducing total water vapor mixing ratios to less than 2.5 ppmv, occurring in conjunction with troposphere-to-stratosphere transport and indicate that rapid localized convection, rather than slow regional mean motions, was responsible for the observed transports and associated with the accompanying dehydration. Radon activities measured in regions of active or recent troposphere-to-stratosphere transport were consistent with the 17 pCi/scm mean value needed to support the observed abundance of stratospheric Pb-210. C1 NASA, AMES RES CTR, ATMOSPHER CHEM & DYNAM BRANCH, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035 USA. SUNY Albany, ATMOSPHER SCI RES CTR, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA. NOAA, AERON LAB, ENVIRONM RES LABS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 51 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8725 EP 8736 DI 10.1029/92JD02524 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600010 ER PT J AU MURPHY, DM FAHEY, DW PROFFITT, MH LIU, SC CHAN, KR EUBANK, CS KAWA, SR KELLY, KK AF MURPHY, DM FAHEY, DW PROFFITT, MH LIU, SC CHAN, KR EUBANK, CS KAWA, SR KELLY, KK TI REACTIVE NITROGEN AND ITS CORRELATION WITH OZONE IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE AND UPPER TROPOSPHERE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY EXPERIMENT; WINTER POLAR STRATOSPHERES; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; ACID AEROSOL FORMATION; NOX PRODUCTION-RATE; ODD-NITROGEN; NITRIC-ACID; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERE; INSITU MEASUREMENTS; ER-2 AIRCRAFT AB Reactive nitrogen (NO(y)) and O3 were measured simultaneously from a NASA ER-2 aircraft during 1987 through 1989. These high resolution measurements cover a broad range of latitudes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The data show a striking positive correlation between NO(y) and O3 in the lower stratosphere at all scales sampled. The ratio NO(y)/O3 is nearly independent of altitude from the tropopause to above 20 km, with ratios in the stratosphere of 0.0015-0.002 in the tropics and 0.0025-0.004 elsewhere. The ratio is much more constant than either individual species, thus providing an excellent reference point for comparing limited data sets with models. Two-dimensional models reproduce general features of the vertical profile of NO(y)/O3 but not the gradient in the lower stratosphere between tropics and mid-latitudes. NO(y) and O3 are better correlated in the lower stratosphere than in the upper troposphere. The magnitude and variability of both NO(y) mixing ratios and NO(y)/O3 ratios indicate a source of NO(y) in the upper troposphere. The most plausible source in the tropics is lightning production of NO(x). Condensation of NO(y) onto aerosol particles is often possible in the tropical upper troposphere and may play a role in determining the vertical distribution of NO(y). In the mid-latitude upper troposphere the data suggest long-range transport of NO(y). NO(y) mixing ratios in the tropical upper troposphere were usually between 150 and 600 pptv, enough so that upward transport can affect the NO(y) abundance in the tropical lower stratosphere. C1 NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MURPHY, DM (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Eubank, Charles/H-5585-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 111 TC 196 Z9 196 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8751 EP 8773 DI 10.1029/92JD00681 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600012 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, RS KEIMIG, FT AF BRADLEY, RS KEIMIG, FT TI RECENT CHANGES IN THE NORTH-AMERICAN ARCTIC BOUNDARY-LAYER IN WINTER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL; AEROSOLS; METHANE; ICE AB Analysis of significant level radiosonde data from a network of Arctic stations reveals a systematic reduction in midwinter surface-based inversion depths over the past few decades, accompanied by a rise in surface temperature. Similar trends am observed over a wide sector, from 62-degrees-W to 162-degrees-W and from 70-degrees-N to 83-degrees-N. Possible causes for these changes include increases in warm air advection, cloud cover. ice crystals, aerosols. and greenhouse gases, but the specific masons am difficult to identify, due to strong interactions between many potentially important factors. Nevertheless, the changes am significant for studies of Arctic haze, since the midwinter stable boundary layer has been decreasing in depth over time. C1 NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP BRADLEY, RS (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT GEOL & GEOG,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8851 EP 8858 DI 10.1029/93JD00311 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600021 ER PT J AU SMITH, JP SOLOMON, S SANDERS, RW MILLER, HL PERLISKI, LM KEYS, JG SCHMELTEKOPF, AL AF SMITH, JP SOLOMON, S SANDERS, RW MILLER, HL PERLISKI, LM KEYS, JG SCHMELTEKOPF, AL TI ATMOSPHERIC NO(3) .4. VERTICAL PROFILES AT MIDDLE AND POLAR LATITUDES AT SUNRISE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY; MCMURDO-STATION; NO3; ANTARCTICA AB Ground-based measurements of NO3 absorption in the band near 662 nm were carried out on four occasions using the Moon as a light source during sunrise at both middle and polar latitudes. As the Sun rose, the observed slant column abundance of atmospheric NO3 decreased systematically. The observed time dependent decrease is due to the progression of the solar terminator down through the atmosphere and provides a basis for inferring the vertical profile of NO3 at sunrise. The inferred profiles are sensitive to the adopted NO3 absorption cross sections and photolysis rates, and these sensitivities are investigated. Two sets of measurements made in Colorado during the summer display a large contribution to the total column from the troposphere, while two data sets obtained during the Antarctic spring demonstrate that the column is almost entirely located in the stratosphere there. The NO3 abundances obtained in Antarctica are much smaller than those measured over Colorado and show that NO3 evolves only at altitudes where the temperature is high enough to allow its formation via the reaction of NO2 and O3. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL INST WATER & AIR RES,LAUDER,NEW ZEALAND. RI Miller, Henry/D-7628-2013 OI Miller, Henry/0000-0002-7155-8314 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 8983 EP 8989 DI 10.1029/93JD00041 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600032 ER PT J AU KEENE, WC JACOB, DJ PSZENNY, AAP DUCE, RA SCHULTZTOKOS, JJ GALLOWAY, JN AF KEENE, WC JACOB, DJ PSZENNY, AAP DUCE, RA SCHULTZTOKOS, JJ GALLOWAY, JN TI AQUEOUS-PHASE CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN DELIQUESCENT SEA-SALT AEROSOLS - A MECHANISM THAT COUPLES THE ATMOSPHERIC CYCLES OF S AND SEA-SALT - COMMENT SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Note ID ORGANIC-CARBON; NACL; MATTER; ATOMS; HCL C1 HARVARD UNIV,DIV APPL SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT OCEANOG,COLL STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT METEOROL,COLL STN,TX 77843. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149. CHRISTIAN ALBRECHTS UNIV KIEL,INST MEERESKUNDE,W-2300 KIEL 1,GERMANY. RP KEENE, WC (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Duce, Robert/A-9917-2010; Galloway, James/C-2769-2013 OI Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D5 BP 9047 EP 9049 DI 10.1029/93JD00259 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD686 UT WOS:A1993LD68600038 ER PT J AU TOGGWEILER, JR AF TOGGWEILER, JR TI OCEANOGRAPHY - CARBON OVERCONSUMPTION SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CATALYTIC-OXIDATION METHOD; NITROGEN; SEAWATER RP TOGGWEILER, JR (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 15 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 9 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 363 IS 6426 BP 210 EP 211 DI 10.1038/363210a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LC866 UT WOS:A1993LC86600024 ER PT J AU SOLOMON, S SANDERS, RW GARCIA, RR KEYS, JG AF SOLOMON, S SANDERS, RW GARCIA, RR KEYS, JG TI INCREASED CHLORINE DIOXIDE OVER ANTARCTICA CAUSED BY VOLCANIC AEROSOLS FROM MOUNT-PINATUBO SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; OZONE DESTRUCTION; OCLO AB THE annual springtime depletion of Antarctic ozone1 has been shown to be due to the action of chlorine species, activated by reactions occurring on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds (pSCS)1,2. Similar reactions may also take place on the surfaces of liquid sulphuric acid aerosols when the temperature is too high to permit the formation of PSCs3-4. Such processes may have been facilitated following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991, when unprecedented amounts of sulphur compounds were injected into the stratosphere5. Here we present observations of Antarctic chlorine dioxide abundances in the austral autumn and winter of 1991 (when aerosol concentrations were at background levels) and 1992 (greatly enhanced aerosol concentrations). We find that in 1992, unlike 1991, chlorine dioxide levels increased dramatically in the autumn, when PSCs were extremely unlikely to have been present. Model results suggest that this was mainly caused by the direct activation of chlorine nitrate on the aerosol surfaces. The effect of the Pinatubo aerosols probably contributed to the unprecedented depth and areal extent of Antarctic ozone depletion in 1992. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. NATL INST WATER & AIR RES,LAUDER,NEW ZEALAND. RP SOLOMON, S (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 21 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 7 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 20 PY 1993 VL 363 IS 6426 BP 245 EP 248 DI 10.1038/363245a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LC866 UT WOS:A1993LC86600046 ER PT J AU WATANABE, WO ERNST, DH CHASAR, MP WICKLUND, RI OLLA, BL AF WATANABE, WO ERNST, DH CHASAR, MP WICKLUND, RI OLLA, BL TI THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY ON GROWTH AND FEED-UTILIZATION OF JUVENILE, SEX-REVERSED MALE FLORIDA RED TILAPIA CULTURED IN A RECIRCULATING SYSTEM SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS AB In two experiments, juvenile, sex-reversed male Florida red tilapia (avg. wt. = 0.56-1.20 g) were stocked into forty-two 0.33-m3 indoor tanks at a density of 74 fish m-3 and growth and feed utilization compared for 54-58 days at temperatures of 22, 27 and 32-degrees-C and at salinities of 0 and 18 ppt (experiment one) or at 18 and 36 ppt (experiment two) under a 12 L:12 D photoperiod. Fish were fed twice daily to satiation a 32% protein diet. Each treatment consisted of seven replicate tanks supported by a recirculating water system. While growth rates generally increased with increasing temperature and were markedly lower at 22-degrees-C than at 27 and 32-degrees-C, salinity modified the effects of temperature on growth: at 0 ppt, feed consumption and growth reached a maximum at 27-degrees-C, while at 18 and 36 ppt, consumption and growth were highest at 32-degrees-C. Under all temperatures, feed consumption and growth were higher at 18 ppt than at 0 or 36 ppt. The results suggested that, in freshwater, heating water to temperatures above 27-degrees-C is not justifiable, while at 18 or 36 ppt, heating water to 32-degrees-C can maximize growth rates without lowering growth efficiency. An important advantage of brackishwater (18 ppt) rearing under conditions of suboptimum temperatures was further suggested. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,NW & ALASKA FISHERIES CTR,NEWPORT,OR. RP WATANABE, WO (reprint author), CARIBBEAN MARINE RES CTR,805 E 46TH PL,VERO BEACH,FL 32963, USA. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 112 IS 4 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90392-C PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LG674 UT WOS:A1993LG67400003 ER PT J AU DEFIBAUGH, DR GOODWIN, ARH MORRISON, G WEBER, LA AF DEFIBAUGH, DR GOODWIN, ARH MORRISON, G WEBER, LA TI THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF 1,1-DICHLORO-1-FLUOROETHANE (R141B) SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURES; EQUATIONS; DENSITIES; LIQUID AB Thermodynamic properties of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (R141b) were measured using a vibrating-tube densimeter and two different ebulliometric techniques. The densimeter was used to measure compressed liquid densities, and the ebulliometers were used to study the vapor pressure. Measurements of the density were made between 278 and 369 K and between 100 and 6000 kPa. The vapor pressure was measured from 253 to 355 K at pressures from 10 to 449 kPa. Both the compressed liquid and the vapor pressure results are compared with other published data. Our results for the vapor pressure have been combined with results already published to obtain a correlation for the vapor pressure from 253 K to the critical point. RP DEFIBAUGH, DR (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 85 BP 271 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0378-3812(93)80019-J PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA LF773 UT WOS:A1993LF77300019 ER PT J AU VASSILIOU, JK MEHROTRA, V RUSSELL, MW GIANNELIS, EP MCMICHAEL, RD SHULL, RD ZIOLO, RF AF VASSILIOU, JK MEHROTRA, V RUSSELL, MW GIANNELIS, EP MCMICHAEL, RD SHULL, RD ZIOLO, RF TI MAGNETIC AND OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF GAMMA-FE2O3 NANOCRYSTALS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES AB Gamma-Fe2O3 nanocrystals have been synthesized in a polymer matrix by an ion exchange and precipitation reaction. The particles are crystalline with a mean diameter of 85 angstrom. The unit cell volume is 1735.2 angstrom3 corresponding to a unit cell compression of 0.35%. Magnetization and susceptibility data from experiment and computer simulations indicate that the system is superparamagnetic. The calculated magnetic anisotropy for the particles is two orders of magnitude larger than that of bulk gamma-Fe2O3. The optical absorption edge is red shifted with respect to that of an epitaxially grown single-crystal film of gamma-Fe2O3. The red shift is attributed to lattice strain in the small particles. C1 CORNELL UNIV,CTR MAT SCI,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. XEROX CORP,WEBSTER RES CTR,WEBSTER,NY 14580. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 51 TC 166 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5109 EP 5116 DI 10.1063/1.353784 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD851 UT WOS:A1993LD85100055 ER PT J AU LYNN, JW ROSOV, N FISH, G AF LYNN, JW ROSOV, N FISH, G TI POLARIZATION ANALYSIS OF THE MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS IN INVAR AND NON-INVAR AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID LONGITUDINAL FLUCTUATIONS; ISOTROPIC FERROMAGNET AB Conventional spin wave theory works remarkably well in describing the spin dynamics of both Invar and non-Invar isotropic ferromagnets, with the important exception that for Invar systems the magnetization decreases much more rapidly with temperature than can be explained based on the measured spin wave dispersion relations. We have been carrying out triple-axis polarized inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the amorphous ferromagnets Fe86B14 (Invar system) and Fe40Ni40P14B6 (METGLAS(R) 2826) in order to separate the longitudinal magnetic fluctuations from the transverse (spin wave) excitations, and thereby determine if the presence of longitudinal excitations might resolve this discrepancy. The present measurements exhibit longitudinal excitations below T(c), but in both materials. Possible interpretations of the results are discussed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742. ALLIED SIGNAL INC,CORP RES,MORRISTOWN,NJ 07962. RP LYNN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5369 EP 5371 DI 10.1063/1.353733 PN 2A PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400023 ER PT J AU ROTHWARF, F SIMIZU, S HUANG, MQ SCHAEFER, RJ AF ROTHWARF, F SIMIZU, S HUANG, MQ SCHAEFER, RJ TI PULSED-FIELD MAGNETOMETER FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE MONITORING OF ENCAPSULATED MAGNETIC-MATERIALS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC AB A study was recently undertaken to consolidate Sm2Fe17N3-x-based materials by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). For HIPing, pressed green samples were placed at the center of evacuated, closely fitting, nommagnetic, thin-walled, stainless-steel cans. The use of nonmagnetic, high-resistivity containers for the samples offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the magnetic properties of the samples after HIPing, without removing them from the HIP cans, by using a pulsed field magnetometer (PFM). The high electrical resistivity of the samples and their containers permits the slowly varying magnetic field (approximately 5 ms rise time, 45 ms pulse length) to penetrate a sample fully with no phase lags. Thus, the magnetization of a sample is essentially in equilibrium with the applied, time-varying magnetic field. With this method, a given set of encapsulated samples could be subjected to successively higher temperature heat treatments to determine their effects on the magnetic properties. The PFM allowed the rapid acquisition, storage, and processing of digital data by computer. The design of the PFM system, demagnetization corrections, procedures used, and some results are presented. C1 ADV MAT CORP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ROTHWARF, F (reprint author), APPL TECHNOL ENTERPRISES LTD,RESTON,VA 22091, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5614 EP 5616 DI 10.1063/1.353614 PN 2A PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400118 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, TM FERNANDEZBACA, JA NICKLOW, RM FURDYNA, JK DEBSKA, U AF GIEBULTOWICZ, TM FERNANDEZBACA, JA NICKLOW, RM FURDYNA, JK DEBSKA, U TI SPIN DYNAMICS IN A DILUTED HEISENBERG NN ANTIFERROMAGNET ON A HCP LATTICE - ZN1-XMNXSE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, TM (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014 OI Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5660 EP 5660 DI 10.1063/1.353634 PN 2A PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400138 ER PT J AU FICKETT, FR AF FICKETT, FR TI EMERGING INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND STANDARDS FOR MAGNETICS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract RP FICKETT, FR (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5764 EP 5764 DI 10.1063/1.353567 PN 2A PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400178 ER PT J AU OTI, JO RICE, P AF OTI, JO RICE, P TI MICROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS OF TUNNELING STABILIZED MAGNETIC FORCE MICROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC AB A micromagnetic model simulating the images produced by tunneling stabilized magnetic force microscopy is described. The images are related to the force interactions between the fringing fields from the imaged surface and stray fields from the sensing probe. The model, which allows for variations in the magnetization states of the probe, is used to examine the dependence of the interaction forces on varying probe-film separations for a magnetic garnet film. The results show that the images are sensitive to separation and that the changing probe magnetization plays an important role in determining the final image. RP OTI, JO (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5802 EP 5804 DI 10.1063/1.353582 PN 2A PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400193 ER PT J AU OTI, JO RUSSEK, SE AF OTI, JO RUSSEK, SE TI EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION OF A MICROMAGNETIC MODEL OF DUAL-LAYER MAGNETIC-FILMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC AB A micromagnetic model has been used to characterize the magnetic properties of dual-layer magnetic films. The model calculations, with experimentally determined input parameters, have been compared with measurements on fabricated Co alloy dual-layer films. Calculations are done with a more general version of a previous micromagnetic model, modified to allow the variation of certain media parameters which were previously held constant. Each of the experimental media consists of a bilayer of 30-nm-thick CO0.75Ni0.25 magnetic films separated by a Cr decoupling layer. The calculations predict a split in the coercivities of the layers for small Cr thicknesses which is observed experimentally. The model correlates an observed increase in media squareness ratio and coercivity, as the Cr thickness is increased, with diminishing exchange and magnetostatic interactions between the magnetic layers. RP OTI, JO (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5845 EP 5847 DI 10.1063/1.353546 PN 2A PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400208 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ BENNETT, LH AF MCMICHAEL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ BENNETT, LH TI LANGEVIN APPROACH TO HYSTERESIS AND BARKHAUSEN JUMP MODELING IN STEEL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID METALLIC FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS; DOMAIN-WALL DYNAMICS AB To represent the multiplicity of metastable states in a bulk ferromagnetic material with domain-wall pinning effects, fluctuations in the domain-wall energies are described in terms of an ensemble of stochastic Langevin functions. The model parameters used are a correlation length, a rms value for the amplitude of the fluctuations in the domain-wall energy gradient, and a ''demagnetizing factor.'' The model generates both hysteresis loops and Barkhausen effect (BE) jump size distributions. Jump size distributions were determined experimentally for low-carbon rolled sheet steel with the field applied both parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction. Both the model and the experimental BE jump size distributions show a power-law behavior for small jumps and a rapid cutoff at large jump sizes. RP MCMICHAEL, RD (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5848 EP 5850 DI 10.1063/1.353547 PN 2A PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400209 ER PT J AU UNGURIS, J CELOTTA, RJ PIERCE, DT STROSCIO, JA AF UNGURIS, J CELOTTA, RJ PIERCE, DT STROSCIO, JA TI BIQUADRATIC EXCHANGE COUPLING IN FE/CR/FE(100) AND FE/AG/FE(100) THIN-FILM SANDWICHES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract RP UNGURIS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 5984 EP 5984 DI 10.1063/1.353491 PN 2A PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400257 ER PT J AU ROSOV, N LYNN, JW WILLIAMS, JJM LANDEE, CP AF ROSOV, N LYNN, JW WILLIAMS, JJM LANDEE, CP TI QUASI-ELASTIC AND INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF [(CD3)3ND]FECL3.2D2O - A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ISING FERROMAGNET SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX SP AMER INST PHYS, IEEE, MAGNET SOC ID K2COF4 AB Ferrous trimethylammonium chloride (FeTAC) is a member of a family of compounds that consist of chains of bihalide-bridged metal ions aligned along the b axis of the orthorhombic unit cell. The chains are connected in (bc) planes by hydrogen bonding of the waters of hydration; these planes are isolated along the a axis by the large trimethylammonium groups. FeTAC orders three dimensionally below T(N)=3.16 K, with the moments, which are canted from the b axis by approximately 20-degrees, coupled ferromagnetically along the b axis and staggered along the [101] direction. The order parameter follows the exact Onsager solution for a rectangular 2D Ising lattice below T/T(N) almost-equal-to 0.95, with ratio for the two in-plane magnetic exchange constants of 1.3 X 10(-3). However, quasielastic scattering measurements in the vicinity of T(N) show that the correlations do not evolve as do those of the 2D Ising antiferromagnets ErBa2Cu3O7 and K2CoF4. Above T(N), magnetic excitations along the b axis that follow the dispersion relation of a 1D ferromagnet with a pp of 3.7 meV have been observed. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742. CLARK UNIV,DEPT PHYS,WORCESTER,MA 01610. RP ROSOV, N (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6081 EP 6083 DI 10.1063/1.353476 PN 2A PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400296 ER PT J AU GIEBULTOWICZ, TM NUNEZ, V SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK AF GIEBULTOWICZ, TM NUNEZ, V SAMARTH, N LUO, H FURDYNA, JK TI ONSET OF HELIMAGNETISM IN WEAKLY STRAINED EPITAXIAL FCC ANTIFERROMAGNET CD1-XMNXSE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP GIEBULTOWICZ, TM (reprint author), UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556, USA. RI Samarth, Nitin/C-4475-2014 OI Samarth, Nitin/0000-0003-2599-346X NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6090 EP 6090 DI 10.1063/1.353479 PN 2A PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD854 UT WOS:A1993LD85400299 ER PT J AU KIEF, MT EGELHOFF, WF AF KIEF, MT EGELHOFF, WF TI PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY IN EPITAXIAL ULTRATHIN FILMS OF FE AND CO ON CU(100), CU(110), AND CU(111) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; SURFACE ANISOTROPY; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; FCC FE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; INTERFACE; MODELS; METALS; AUGER AB We report studies of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Fe and Co on Cu (100), Cu (110), and Cu(111) using the magneto-optic Kerr effect. In general, the perpendicular anisotropy in the Fe films is enhanced for growth at low temperature, 80 K. Perpendicular remanence has been observed below a critical thickness of about 5-6 ML for fcc Fe(100)/Cu(100), fcc Fe(110)/Cu(110), and bcc Fe(110)/Cu(111). In contrast, a perpendicular remanence has been observed only for fcc Co(111)/Cu(111) and not in the as-grown state. These results are shown to be inconsistent with standard empirical theories of magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic, and magnetostatic surface anisotropies and suggest a common magnetic interface anisotropy. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6195 EP 6197 DI 10.1063/1.352695 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500019 ER PT J AU PIERCE, DT CELOTTA, RJ UNGURIS, J AF PIERCE, DT CELOTTA, RJ UNGURIS, J TI MAGNETIC-MOMENTS IN CR THIN-FILMS ON FE(100) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID SECONDARY ELECTRONS; SPIN POLARIZATION; TRANSITION-METALS; CHROMIUM; SUPERLATTICES; FERROMAGNETS; SURFACES; FE AB The magnetism at the surface of a Cr film grown epitaxially on a Fe(100) whisker is observed as a function of Cr thickness by scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis. Use of a wedge-shaped film of linearly increasing thickness allows the magnetism to be followed continuously for 75 Cr layers. Over the temperature range measured from just below the Neel temperature of bulk Cr, T(N), to 1.8 T(N), the surface magnetic moment is seen to persist and change direction with each additional Cr layer, but there are phase slips in this antiferromagnetic ordering, These are consistent with an incommensurate spin density wave (SDW) in the Cr film having a wavelength of 40 layers at T(N). An irregularity in the antiferromagnetic stacking order in the first four layers is discussed and the behavior of the moments at the subsequent phase slip is examined. The limitations which prevent the determination of the surface magnetic moment from the spin polarization of secondary electrons are discussed. RP PIERCE, DT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6201 EP 6203 DI 10.1063/1.352697 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500021 ER PT J AU CLINTON, TW LYNN, JW LEE, BW BUCHGEISTER, M MAPLE, MB AF CLINTON, TW LYNN, JW LEE, BW BUCHGEISTER, M MAPLE, MB TI OXYGEN DEPENDENCE OF THE MAGNETIC ORDER OF ND IN NDBA2CU3O6+X SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX AB Neutron scattering and specific heat measurements have been carried out on a series of NdBa2Cu3O6+x powder samples with varying oxygen concentrations (x=0.94, 0.78, 0.45, 0.3, 0.13) in order to study the effects of oxygen on the magnetic order of Nd. For our highest oxygenated superconducting NdBa2Cu3O6.94 (T(c) = 92 K), three-dimensional (3D) long range order develops below T(N) congruent-to 0.53 K, with a spin configuration which is antiferromagnetic along all three crystallographic axes. For a small reduction of oxygen to x = 0.78, we observe drastic effects on the Nd order; 3D order is inhibited and only short range 2D correlations are found at low temperature. However, the 2D correlations develop at a much higher temperature, near 1.5 K. At (nonsuperconducting) x = 0.45, the 3D magnetic order is better developed at low temperature, yet long range order still does not occur. For x = 0. 3, 3D long range magnetic order of the Nd ions is reestablished, developing below T(N) congruent-to 1.5 K, three times that of the fully oxygenated material. All of these ordering temperatures are much higher than what is expected based on dipolar interactions alone, and this coupled with our experimental results indicates that exchange interactions play an essential role, and are strongly influenced by the chain layer oxygen. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,INST PURE & APPL PHYS SCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP CLINTON, TW (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCTIV RES,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6320 EP 6322 DI 10.1063/1.352633 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500064 ER PT J AU SKANTHAKUMAR, S LYNN, JW PENG, JL LI, ZY AF SKANTHAKUMAR, S LYNN, JW PENG, JL LI, ZY TI FIELD-DEPENDENCE OF THE MAGNETIC-ORDERING OF CU IN R2CUO4 (R=ND,SM) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ND2CUO4; ND AB We have used neutron diffraction techniques to study the field dependence of the magnetic ordering of Cu spins in R2CuO4 (R=Nd,Sm) in order to distinguish between the proposed collinear and noncollinear spin structures. In the proposed collinear spin structure, there are two separate domains with the spins either along the (110) or along the (110BAR) directions, while in the noncollinear model there is a single domain with the alternate-layer spins along the (100) and (010) directions, respectively. If a magnetic field is applied along the (110BAR), strong hysteresis effects are anticipated for the collinear spin structure due to domain repopulation, while such effects are not expected for the noncollinear spin structure. Our field dependent data do not show any hysteresis effects associated with the pure Cu ordering, which strongly suggest that the noncollinear spin structure is correct for the magnetic spin configuration of the Cu spins in both compounds. Hysteresis effects in a field are observed in Sm2CuO4 near and below the Sm ordering temperature, and these are most likely caused by the interaction between Sm and Cu sublattices. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SKANTHAKUMAR, S (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHYS,CTR SUPERCONDUCTIV RES,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6326 EP 6328 DI 10.1063/1.352635 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500066 ER PT J AU ANKNER, JF BORCHERS, JA FARROW, RFC MARKS, RF AF ANKNER, JF BORCHERS, JA FARROW, RFC MARKS, RF TI COMBINED LOW-ANGLE AND HIGH-ANGLE X-RAY STRUCTURAL REFINEMENT OF A CO/PT(111) MULTILAYER EXHIBITING PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID LAYERED STRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; PD/CO AB We have used Cu Kalpha radiation to measure both specular reflectivity (000) and longitudinal Bragg diffraction (222) from a Co/Pt multilayer grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on a sapphire (0001) substrate. By refining both low- and high-angle profiles, we are able to separate the effects of surface morphology from microstructure. Our results indicate mixing at the interfaces consistent with the existence of alloy or compound formation. C1 IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. RP ANKNER, JF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6427 EP 6429 DI 10.1063/1.352621 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500106 ER PT J AU ANKNER, JF MAJKRZAK, CF HOMMA, H AF ANKNER, JF MAJKRZAK, CF HOMMA, H TI MAGNETIC DEAD LAYER IN FE/SI MULTILAYER - PROFILE REFINEMENT OF POLARIZED NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY DATA SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX AB We have used polarized neutron reflectometry to study the magnetic structure of an Fe/Si multilayer film. By simultaneous refinement of both plus and minus reflectivities we have extracted separate nuclear and magnetic scattering density profiles that include a 6-angstrom-thick magnetically dead layer in Fe at the interface. This result supports the contention that the antiferromagnetic coupling reported in this system is mediated by the presence of Fe in the Si interlayers. C1 CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,BROOKLYN,NY 11210. RP ANKNER, JF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6436 EP 6437 DI 10.1063/1.352624 PN 2B PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500109 ER PT J AU BENNETT, LH MCMICHAEL, RD SHULL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ WATSON, RE AF BENNETT, LH MCMICHAEL, RD SHULL, RD SWARTZENDRUBER, LJ WATSON, RE TI THE MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT - THE ROLE OF MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; REFRIGERATION AB In a ferromagnet, the magnetic entropy change induced by the application of a magnetic field is greatest in the temperature regime near the Curie point. In the paramagnetic temperature regime, the magnitude of the magnetocaloric effect is expected to rise monotonically with the size of the individual moments that make up the material. The magnetic properties of such materials are relevant to devices employing magnetic refrigeration. One aspect of the problem, namely the impact of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy on the magnetocaloric effect, is explored. The results of Monte Carlo simulations for classical Heisenberg ferromagnets on a fcc lattice with anisotropy are presented. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP BENNETT, LH (reprint author), NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI C, Y/G-5456-2010; McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6507 EP 6509 DI 10.1063/1.352596 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500135 ER PT J AU LIND, DM TAY, SP BERRY, SD BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW AF LIND, DM TAY, SP BERRY, SD BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW TI STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC-ORDERING IN IRON-OXIDE NICKEL-OXIDE MULTILAYERS BY X-RAY AND NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID FILMS AB Presented are studies of the magnetic and structural ordering in superlattices composed of Fe3O4 and NiO, and their study by a variety of techniques including x-ray and neutron diffraction, and SQUID magnetometry. X-ray diffraction indicates that structures with individual layer thicknesses down to 8.5 angstrom grow as single crystals in registry with the substrate lattice with a layer-thickness-dependent tetragonal lattice distortion due to epitaxial and interfacial lattice mismatch. The lattice coherence of the Fe3O4 layers, however, is degraded by stacking faults between adjacent spinel layers. Neutron diffraction indicates that the NiO orders antiferromagnetically along the [111] direction with a magnetic coherence that extends over several superlattice bilayers, and the presence of an enhancement in the NiO Neel temperature in thin layered superlattices. These results are compared with SQUID magnetometry, which shows large anisotropy energies, but a lack of favored magnetization direction, indicating that the magnetic ordering in these systems is dominated by the exchange coupling across the interfaces. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,CTR MAT RES & TECHNOL,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. NBS,DIV REACTOR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP LIND, DM (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306, USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6886 EP 6891 DI 10.1063/1.352425 PN 2B PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500281 ER PT J AU BORCHERS, JA CAREY, MJ BERKOWITZ, AE ERWIN, RW MAJKRZAK, CF AF BORCHERS, JA CAREY, MJ BERKOWITZ, AE ERWIN, RW MAJKRZAK, CF TI PROPAGATION OF ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER ACROSS PARAMAGNETIC LAYERS IN COO/NIO SUPERLATTICES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID COO; NIO AB Using neutron-diffraction techniques, we have probed the magnetic structure of nickel-oxide/cobalt-oxide superlattices grown by reactive sputtering. Collinear antiferromagnetic order propagates through several bilayers despite the short-range nature of the spin interaction in the components. The magnetic order for 36 angstrom period superlattices develops simultaneously in the NiO and CoO layers at a Neel temperature between the values for bulk CoO and NiO. When the superlattice periodicity is increased to 72 angstrom, the Ni and Co spins appear to order separately at temperatures shifted from their bulk T(N). The magnetic coherence length decreases as the temperature is increased, but remains greater than the width of a single bilayer above T(N) for the CoO interlayers. Mean-field calculations demonstrate that exchange coupling at the interfaces is responsible for the anomalous magnetic behavior near the phase transition. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR MAGNET RECORDING RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP BORCHERS, JA (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6898 EP 6900 DI 10.1063/1.352427 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500283 ER PT J AU BEACH, RS MATHENY, A SALAMON, MB FLYNN, CP BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW RHYNE, JJ AF BEACH, RS MATHENY, A SALAMON, MB FLYNN, CP BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW RHYNE, JJ TI MAGNETISM AND EPITAXY IN LU/DY/LU TRILAYERS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX ID SUPERLATTICES AB Thin dysprosium c-axis films (40-400 angstrom) were grown coherently between 500-angstrom lutetium layers by molecular beam epitaxy. Bulk magnetization measurements show that these sandwich structures order magnetically at T(N) congruent-to 178 K (= T(N) of elemental Dy) and undergo ferromagnetic transitions at temperatures which range from 100 K (400 angstrom Dy) to 175 K (40 angstrom Dy), significantly enhanced from the bulk T(C) = 85 K. The Dy basal plane lattice parameters in the films were determined by room-temperature x-ray diffraction. We observe a change in these values that correlates with the rise in T(C), which suggests that this rise is due to epitaxial strain. The relatively small low-temperature magnetic susceptibility displayed by these samples indicates the presence of a large anisotropy in the basal plane. We address both the issues of the susceptibility and the high ferromagnetic transition temperature. C1 NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BEACH, RS (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6901 EP 6903 DI 10.1063/1.352428 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500284 ER PT J AU TSUI, F FLYNN, CP BEACH, RS BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW RHYNE, JJ AF TSUI, F FLYNN, CP BEACH, RS BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW RHYNE, JJ TI MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE IN DY/SC SUPERLATTICES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX AB We have investigated magnetic order in superlattices of Dy and Sc grown along the hcp c axis by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. Our neutron diffraction experiments reveal that individual Dy layers order ferromagnetically below T(c) approximately 150 K. The magnetic coherence length along the growth direction is less than the Dy-layer thickness. Previous studies of rare-earth superlattices with Y or Lu as spacer layers have shown that magnetic coherence propagates through sufficiently thin nonmagnetic interlayers. This arises from the long-range exchange interaction that originates from nesting features in the Fermi surface of the spacer material. The lack of coupling in Dy/Sc superlattices reflects the very different Fermi surface of Sc, with much weaker nesting than Y and Lu. C1 NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP TSUI, F (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6904 EP 6906 DI 10.1063/1.352429 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500285 ER PT J AU MCMICHAEL, RD RITTER, JJ SHULL, RD AF MCMICHAEL, RD RITTER, JJ SHULL, RD TI ENHANCED MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT IN GD3GA5-XFEXO12 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37TH ANNUAL CONF ON MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS CY DEC 01-04, 1992 CL HOUSTON, TX AB The working refrigerant material in the majority of magnetic refrigerators has been Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) which has an upper temperature limit near 15 K. In this paper we report on the field-induced adiabatic magnetic entropy change, DELTAS(m)(HT), of a series of iron-substituted gadolinium garnets (GGIG) Gd3Ga5-xFexO12 which have the potential to increase the working temperature range or to reduce the field requirements of cryogenic magnetic refrigeration. Depending on Fe concentration, x, the entropy change of these materials at applied fields of 0.9 and 5.0 T is much greater than that of GGG, especially at temperatures above 15 K. At low Fe concentrations, the results are consistent with formation of magnetically ordered clusters of spins at low temperatures. Room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance measurements show that Fe3+ ions mediate exchange interactions which are responsible for clustering at low temperatures. RP MCMICHAEL, RD (reprint author), NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 13 TC 193 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 10 BP 6946 EP 6948 DI 10.1063/1.352443 PN 2B PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA LD865 UT WOS:A1993LD86500299 ER PT J AU SCHUMACHER, JD STABENO, PJ BOGRAD, SJ AF SCHUMACHER, JD STABENO, PJ BOGRAD, SJ TI CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EDDY OVER A CONTINENTAL-SHELF - SHELIKOF STRAIT, ALASKA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; LARVAL FISH; GULF; FLOW AB During May 1990, satellite-tracked buoy, water property, and ichthyoplankton observations were collected over the Shelikof sea valley in the western Gulf of Alaska. These observations revealed the presence of an anticyclonic mesoscale eddy (radius 10-12 km). Characteristics of the eddy included a relatively warm, low-salinity core and high concentrations of walleye pollock larvae. The eddy remained nearly stationary for several weeks before moving westward into shoaler waters. During translation, the eddy maintained its characteristics. Speeds from geopotential topography and direct measurements agreed. Current speeds generally increased with distance from the center of the eddy; maximum speeds (> 30 cm s-1) existed near the perimeter. Analysis of water properties indicates little or no exchange of mass occurred with adjacent waters. The lack of dispersion permits us to estimate larval mortality (less-than-or-equal-to 4.7 % d-1) based only on biological factors. Eddy formation occurred through baroclinic instability upstream within Shelikof Strait proper. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,JISAO,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP SCHUMACHER, JD (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 98 IS C5 BP 8395 EP 8404 DI 10.1029/93JC00573 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LC974 UT WOS:A1993LC97400003 ER PT J AU QUAY, PD EMERSON, S WILBUR, DO STUMP, C KNOX, M AF QUAY, PD EMERSON, S WILBUR, DO STUMP, C KNOX, M TI THE DELTA-O-18 OF DISSOLVED O2 IN THE SURFACE WATERS OF THE SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC - A TRACER OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; UPPER OCEAN; DEEP-SEA; SEAWATER; RESPIRATION; SOLUBILITY; MODEL AB The O-18/O-16 of dissolved oxygen was measured in the upper ocean of the subartic Pacific in 1988. In May and August, at stations Papa (50-degrees-N, 145-degrees-W) and R (53-degrees-N. 145-degrees-W), the mean deltaO-18 in the mixed layer was 23.84 +/- 0.20 and 24.00 +/- 0.24 parts per thousand (versus standard mean ocean water) consistently more depleted than atmospheric saturation levels by about 0.4 parts per thousand. This relative depletion is caused by input of photosynthetically produced O2. A value for the isotopic fractionation effect during respiration (alpha(T)) of 0.978 +/- 0.006 was determined from the time rate of change of the concentration and deltaO-18 of O2 in the mixed layer measured during August 1988. Below the mixed layer (100-280 m) the O2 concentration decreased with a corresponding increase in deltaO-18. Model derived values for alpha(T) over this depth region ranged from 0.980 to 0.988 and depended on the mixing model. The difference between alpha(T) determinations for the surface layer versus upper thermocline likely results from mixing model inaccuracies or different isotope fractionation effects during plankton and bacterial respiration. If the calculated mixed layer alpha(T) values apply oceanwide, then photosynthesis and respiration by the marine biota have a similar effect to land plants in maintaining the deltaO-18 of atmospheric O2 at 23.5 parts per thousand. C1 NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP QUAY, PD (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,WB-10,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 33 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 98 IS C5 BP 8447 EP 8458 DI 10.1029/92JC03017 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LC974 UT WOS:A1993LC97400007 ER PT J AU LEE, S HELD, IM AF LEE, S HELD, IM TI BAROCLINIC WAVE-PACKETS IN MODELS AND OBSERVATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BETA-PLANE MODEL; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; LIFE-CYCLE; INSTABILITY AB Coherent baroclinic wave packets are present in the Southern Hemisphere, most clearly in the summer season. These coherent packets are also found in a hierarchy of models of nonlinear baroclinic instability-a two-layer quasigeostrophic (QG) model on a beta-plane, a two-level primitive equation (PE) model, and a general circulation model. The flows are chaotic, but the packet itself can remain remarkably coherent, despite the complex evolution of the flow within the packet. In both QG and PE models, the packets become more robust as the supercriticality of the flow is reduced. In both models and the observations, the packets move with a group velocity that is greater than the phase speed of the individual disturbances, so that these disturbances exhibit downstream development. The structure of the baroclinic waves in the packet as a function of longitude resembles the life cycles of sinusoidal baroclinic waves as a function of time. More than one packet can exist in the domain at the same time. In the QG model, the number of packets increases in a systematic way as the length of the channel increases. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 28 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 10 BP 1413 EP 1428 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<1413:BWPIMA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LC407 UT WOS:A1993LC40700005 ER PT J AU GADZUK, JW AF GADZUK, JW TI SINGLE-ATOM POINT-SOURCE FOR ELECTRONS - FIELD-EMISSION RESONANCE TUNNELING IN SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING; SURFACES AB Many years ago spectroscopic evidence based on a single-electron process, namely, field-emission resonance tunneling, was reported showing the electronic structure of single atoms adsorbed on metal surfaces. Huge enhancements in the highly collimated tunneling current through the virtual states of the adparticle made the single-atom spectroscopy feasible when the field-emission spectrometer was operated in the ''probe-hole mode.'' A related effect is currently popular in today's scanning tunneling microscopy and also in nanometer-cluster spectroscopy. The phenomenology and theory of the effect is presented and the current activity is considered in light of what has been uncovered in the field-emission work. RP GADZUK, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 19 BP 12832 EP 12839 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.12832 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA LE966 UT WOS:A1993LE96600050 ER PT J AU BEYER, HF FINLAYSON, KD LIESEN, D INDELICATO, P CHANTLER, CT DESLATTES, RD SCHWEPPE, J BOSCH, F JUNG, M KLEPPER, O KONIG, W MOSHAMMER, R BECKERT, K EICKHOFF, H FRANZKE, B GRUBER, A NOLDEN, F SPADTKE, P STECK, M AF BEYER, HF FINLAYSON, KD LIESEN, D INDELICATO, P CHANTLER, CT DESLATTES, RD SCHWEPPE, J BOSCH, F JUNG, M KLEPPER, O KONIG, W MOSHAMMER, R BECKERT, K EICKHOFF, H FRANZKE, B GRUBER, A NOLDEN, F SPADTKE, P STECK, M TI X-RAY TRANSITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRON-CAPTURE INTO BARE DYSPROSIUM SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 1S LAMB SHIFT; IONS; ATOMS; BREMSSTRAHLUNG AB The Lyman and Balmer series in hydrogen-like Dy65+, along with radiative electron CaptUre (REC) into bare Dy66+, have been observed. The x-ray spectra were measured in coincidence with one-electron capture in a beam of 292 MeV amu-1 Dy66+ stored in the ESR storage ring and interacting with an internal argon gas target. The REC line profile was studied in detail and was found to be in good agreement with theory, thus suggesting additional possibilities for spectroscopy. C1 UNIV PARIS 06,INST RADIUM,PHYS ATOM & NUCL LAB,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BEYER, HF (reprint author), GESELLSCH SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG,POSTFACH 110552,W-6100 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011; Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958; Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1557 EP 1567 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/26/9/004 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA LJ630 UT WOS:A1993LJ63000004 ER PT J AU THUMM, U BARTSCHAT, K NORCROSS, DW AF THUMM, U BARTSCHAT, K NORCROSS, DW TI RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS IN SPIN-POLARIZATION PARAMETERS FOR LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON-CS SCATTERING SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED STU-PARAMETERS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; LEAD ATOMS; THALLIUM; RESONANCES AB Based on a recent Dirac R-matrix (close-coupling) calculation, we present results for various spin-polarization parameters for elastic and inelastic scattering of slow (E(kin) less than or similar to 2 eV) polarized electrons from unpolarized and polarized neutral Cs atoms in their ground state. Our results allow for a quantitative estimate of the importance of relativistic effects, and our calculated parameters clearly deviate from predictions obtained by just jj-recoupling the results of a non-relativistic calculation. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. DRAKE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,DES MOINES,IA 50311. RI Bartschat, Klaus/I-2527-2012; OI Thumm, Uwe/0000-0001-9378-6601 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1587 EP 1598 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/26/9/007 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA LJ630 UT WOS:A1993LJ63000007 ER PT J AU PHILANDER, SG AF PHILANDER, SG TI EL-NINO - HISTORICAL AND PALEOCLIMATIC ASPECTS OF THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION - DIAZ,HF, MARKGRAF,V SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review RP PHILANDER, SG (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PROGRAM ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI,PRINCETON,NJ 08544, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 13 PY 1993 VL 363 IS 6425 BP 124 EP 124 DI 10.1038/363124b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LB801 UT WOS:A1993LB80100036 ER PT J AU SKINNER, SL AF SKINNER, SL TI CIRCULARLY POLARIZED RADIO-EMISSION FROM THE T-TAURI STAR HUBBLE-4 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POLARIZATION; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (HUBBLE-4); STARS, PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE ID RHO OPHIUCHI CLOUD; GYROSYNCHROTRON RADIATION; SPECTRAL TYPES; DARK CLOUD; VLA SURVEY; AURIGA; FIELD; VARIABILITY; COMPLEX AB I present results of multiwavelength VLA observations of the weak-lined T Tauri star (WTTS) Hubble 4, which is located in the nearby (approximately 140 pc) Taurus-Auriga star-forming region. These observations include a near-simultaneous detection at 3.6, 6, and 20 cm, which provides a rare glimpse at the radio-energy distribution of a WTTS. The emission is characterized by a nearly flat spectral energy distribution with a spectral index alpha almost-equal-to 0 (S(nu) infinity nu(alpha)). Right circular polarization was detected at both 3.6 and 6 cm at levels of 19(+/-5%) and 18(+/-3%), respectively, with an upper limit of less-than-or-equal-to 15% (3 sigma) at 20 cm. The star was in a state of low radio activity ('' quiescence ''), with flux densities of 1.3-1.7 mJy and a radio luminosity L(r) almost-equal-to 10(16.)5 ergs Hz-1 s-1. The presence of circular polarization and previous VLBI source size measurements argue strongly for nonthermal emission. The unambiguous detection of circularly polarized radio emission from Hubble 4 provides direct evidence for the existence of ordered magnetic fields in this WTTS. The polarized emission is most likely optically thin gyrosynchrotron radiation from mildly relativistic electrons with characteristic total energies almost-equal-to 2.5 MeV (Lorentz factors gamma almost-equal-to 5). At an assumed view angle of 45-degrees, the observed degree of circular polarization implies a magnetic field strength of B almost-equal-to 25 G in the region responsible for the 3.6 cm emission, and a field strength about half this large in the 6 cm source region. The field strength at the stellar surface is not known, but values as large as a few kilogauss are not ruled out. The radio properties of Hubble 4 are in many respects similar to those of RS CVn binary systems during periods of low activity. This adds credibility to the hypothesis that the same physical mechanism is responsible for low-level radio emission in RS CVns and WTTS. Furthermore, the failure to detect a change in either the helicity or degree of circular polarization in two 3.6 cm observations almost-equal-to 7 months apart suggests that the magnetic field structure of Hubble 4 may remain stable for relatively long periods. Although better sampling in the time domain is needed, the new radio data provide encouragement that the magnetosphere models which have been proposed to explain low-level RS CVn emission may also apply qualitatively to WTTS. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SKINNER, SL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 1993 VL 408 IS 2 BP 660 EP 667 DI 10.1086/172626 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA LA024 UT WOS:A1993LA02400031 ER PT J AU STEPHENS, G MATSON, M AF STEPHENS, G MATSON, M TI MONITORING THE PERSIAN-GULF-WAR WITH NOAA AVHRR DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Near to the time of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and continuing past the withdrawal of its forces, the northern Persian Gulf area was monitored continuously using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the NOAA polar orbiting satellites. The AVHRR was shown to be effective for monitoring fires, oil slicks, airplane contrails, and outbreaks of wind-blown dust, during the course of the war. With their frequent multispectral coverage, the NOAA series satellites can be a valuable strategic tool during war, and may be used to evaluate resulting environmental conditions. RP STEPHENS, G (reprint author), NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,E-SP22,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY 10 PY 1993 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1423 EP 1429 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LM522 UT WOS:A1993LM52200013 ER PT J AU BOURGIN, RD HOWE, SE AF BOURGIN, RD HOWE, SE TI SHORTEST CURVES IN PLANAR REGIONS WITH CURVED BOUNDARY SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PATHS AB A general framework is presented for describing shortest curve algorithms and their time complexity in regions of the plane whose boundaries may be curved. An algorithm that accepts curved boundary Jordan regions along with given start and end points and produces the shortest curve between them is presented. Its time complexity is bounded by the product of the complexity of the region's boundary and that of the output shortest curve. (When the region is a simple polygon with N vertices, the time bound is O(Nk), where k is the number of vertices in the shortest curve.) A second algorithm produces shortest curves in multiply connected regions with possibly curved boundary. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BOURGIN, RD (reprint author), HOWARD UNIV,DEPT MATH,WASHINGTON,DC 20059, USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD MAY 10 PY 1993 VL 112 IS 2 BP 215 EP 253 DI 10.1016/0304-3975(93)90019-P PG 39 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA KZ152 UT WOS:A1993KZ15200002 ER PT J AU CHABALOWSKI, CF GARMER, DR JENSEN, JO KRAUSS, M AF CHABALOWSKI, CF GARMER, DR JENSEN, JO KRAUSS, M TI REACTION FIELD CALCULATION OF THE SPECTRAL SHIFTS OF INDOLE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION-SPECTRA; EXCITED-STATE; TRYPTOPHAN; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; BANDS AB The excitation energy of indole has been investigated at geometries relevant to both the absorption and emission spectra using first-order configuration interaction (FOCI) methods. The calculation focused on the shift in the relative energy between the two excited states, L(B) and L(A), and the excitation energies with geometry. A reaction field calculation also examined the shift in excitation energies when the molecule is dissolved in water. The excited states are found to be separated in vacuo by about 4500 cm-1 at both the ground state and an approximation to the equilibrium L(B) geometry, M, and by 2500 cm -1 at the optimized geometry of both the first triplet excited state, T, and the first excited singlet state represented by a singles only configuration interaction (S1). In water, the excited states are essentially degenerate and mixed at the ground-state geometry. However, at the excited state geometries, M and T, the L(A) state is shifted lower in energy than the L(B) state due to the large LA excited-state reaction field. At the SI geometry, the electronic behavior of the two excited states is different from that at the other geometries. An approximation to the L(A) state is now the lower state both in vacuo and in the presence of the reaction field. There is a large calculated solvent fluorescent red shift in water at any geometry as well as a substantial Franck-Condon shift due to the steeper energy surface in the ground state compared to the excited states. The calculated energy shifts, dipole moments, and relative transition dipoles are in qualitative accord with experiment. However, the calculated fluorescent reaction dipoles are substantially larger than estimated in earlier studies. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USA,RES LAB,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21005. MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL & BIOPHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10029. USA,CTR CHEM RES DEV & ENGN,ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND,MD 21010. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAY 6 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 18 BP 4608 EP 4613 DI 10.1021/j100120a009 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LA766 UT WOS:A1993LA76600009 ER PT J AU COHEN, DM ROHR, BA AF COHEN, DM ROHR, BA TI DESCRIPTION OF A GIANT CIRCUMGLOBAL LAMPROGRAMMUS SPECIES (PISCES, OPHIDIIDAE) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB A new giant (nearly 2 m long) ophidiid fish species, Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi, is described from specimens caught at bathyal depths in the equatorial eastern and western Atlantic, the southeastern Indian, and the southeastern Pacific oceans. It is characterized by its elongate body and distinctive series of spines on the preopercle and opercle. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,PASCAGOULA,MS 39567. RP COHEN, DM (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY MUSEUM NAT HIST,900 EXPOSIT BLVD,LOS ANGELES,CA 90007, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 3 PY 1993 IS 2 BP 470 EP 475 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LA729 UT WOS:A1993LA72900020 ER PT J AU OLIVAR, MP MOSER, HG HARTEL, KE LOMBARTE, A AF OLIVAR, MP MOSER, HG HARTEL, KE LOMBARTE, A TI LARVAE OF 3 SPECIES OF BATHYLAGUS OF THE SOUTHERN ATLANTIC SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Larvae of three species of Bathylagus from the Benguela Current off Namibia are described for the first time. These larvae are not conspecific with any species known from the waters of the above region and can only be linked to species from waters adjacent to the Benguela system. Morphological, morphometric, and pigmentation characteristics allow one form to be identified as Bathylagus gracilis. A second larval type is tentatively identified as Bathylagus tenuis. A third form is described but cannot be linked to a known species. Information on horizontal and vertical distribution accompanies the descriptions. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. HARVARD UNIV,MUSEUM COMPARAT ZOOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP OLIVAR, MP (reprint author), INST CIENCIAS MAR,PASEO NACL S-N,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Lombarte, Antoni/D-3142-2013 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS BUSINESS OFFICE PI CARBONDALE PA SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ZOOLOGY, CARBONDALE, IL 62901-6501 SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 3 PY 1993 IS 2 BP 503 EP 513 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LA729 UT WOS:A1993LA72900024 ER PT J AU CARTER, WC HANDWERKER, CA AF CARTER, WC HANDWERKER, CA TI MORPHOLOGY OF GRAIN-GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO DIFFUSION INDUCED ELASTIC STRESSES - CUBIC SYSTEMS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY MIGRATION; BILAYER FOILS; NUCLEATION AB In diffusion-induced recrystallization (DIR), diffusion of a misfitting solute produces coherency strains in a solid and can lead to nucleation of new grains. The local interface velocity of the newly nucleated grains depends only on the magnitude of the reduction in the elastic energy density of the coherently stressed solid ahead of the migrating grain boundary, which in turn depends only on the local interface normal of the shrinking grain. Real-space calculations of the orientation-dependent elastic energy density are outlined in general and specific results are given for cubic systems. The method of characteristics described recently by Cahn, Taylor and Handwerker is employed to obtain predictions of the evolution in grain shape with time and the range of possible limiting growth shapes in terms of the edges and comers which develop on any growing grain. When the growing grain is free of elastic strains, the possible morphologies depend on only two parameters: the elastic anisotropy alpha(=2(s11 - s12)/s44), and normalized linear compressibility beta(=(s11 + 2s12)/s44). When the elastic anisotropy alpha > 1, the morphology tends to be cuboidal, but the exact shape is found to depend on the value of the linear compressibility. For alpha < 1, the morphology tends to be octahedral. RP CARTER, WC (reprint author), NBS, MAT RES LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1633 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(93)90272-T PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA LA003 UT WOS:A1993LA00300031 ER PT J AU KOGAN, F SULLIVAN, J AF KOGAN, F SULLIVAN, J TI DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL DROUGHT-WATCH SYSTEM USING NOAA AVHRR DATA SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION; SATELLITE AB Recently, NOAA/NESDIS developed the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) which has proved to be a good indicator of drought. This paper provides a background of VCI development, data processing and outlines a PC-based system designed for early-warning drought diagnostics. There are several examples showing the application of VCI during recent years for detecting and tracking droughts. RP KOGAN, F (reprint author), NOAA,NESDIS,ORA,SATELLITE RES LAB,RM 712,WORLD WEATHER BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 11 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 13 IS 5 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1016/0273-1177(93)90548-P PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY212 UT WOS:A1993KY21200025 ER PT J AU KAUTZ, RL AF KAUTZ, RL TI CHAOS IN A COMPUTER-ANIMATED PENDULUM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DRIVEN PENDULUM; PARTICLES AB A classroom demonstration based on computer animation illustrates chaotic motion in a driven pendulum. Generated by a 76 line BASIC program that runs on PC-compatible computers, the animation shows four simultaneous displays, including the pendulum and its trajectory in state space. The program can be used to illustrate periodic attractors, symmetry breaking, period doubling, and chaos. RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1119/1.17232 PG 9 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA LA582 UT WOS:A1993LA58200004 ER PT J AU PEREIRA, JJ MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, C LUEDKE, D SENNEFELDER, G AF PEREIRA, JJ MERCALDOALLEN, R KUROPAT, C LUEDKE, D SENNEFELDER, G TI EFFECT OF CADMIUM ACCUMULATION ON SERUM VITELLOGENIN LEVELS AND HEPATOSOMATIC AND GONADOSOMATIC INDEXES OF WINTER FLOUNDER (PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SUBLETHAL CYANIDE EXPOSURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLASMA VITELLOGENIN; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; MARINE TELEOST; CALCIUM; METALS; FEMALE; LIVER AB Vitellogenin (Vg) is an egg yolk precursor protein that is produced in the liver and transported to developing oocytes in the gonad by the blood. Contaminants in the environment may affect its production by the liver as well as its uptake by the gonad, threatening the development and survival of winter flounder embryos or larvae. In order to study the effects of cadmium contamination on serum Vg levels (measured as alkali-labile phosphate or ALP), female winter flounder were exposed to 25 or 50 mug/L cadmium in seawater for 71 days. The exposure began in early November when Vg production begins, and ended in mid-January, when Vg levels peak. At the end of the exposure period, blood samples were taken from each fish, refrigerated, and allowed to clot overnight. The sera were collected by centrifugation the following day and frozen. Weights of the liver, both gonads, and the entire fish were recorded for later calculation of hepatosomatic (HSI) and gonadosomatic indices (GSI), respectively. Liver samples were also taken for measurement of cadmium levels. Serum ALP levels rose with increasing HSI. Both HSI and ALP decreased with increasing cadmium concentration in the liver. Lower serum Vg may result in lower fecundities for the adults and smaller yolk sacs for the larvae reducing the overall reproductive success of the winter flounder population. RP PEREIRA, JJ (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 31 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 427 EP 431 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LA322 UT WOS:A1993LA32200003 ER PT J AU WANG, QD STOCKE, JT AF WANG, QD STOCKE, JT TI X-RAY-SPECTRA OF 12 DISTANT CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, CLUSTERING; GALAXIES, EVOLUTION; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; X-RAYS, GALAXIES ID MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; PAIR 3C-232 NGC-3067; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; COOLING FLOWS; EVOLUTION; GAS; SPECTROSCOPY; Z=0.54; DUST; COLD AB We present an X-ray spectral study of a sample of 12 distant (z = 0.17-0.54) rich clusters of galaxies observed on-axis with the Einstein Observatory imaging proportional counter. Statistically, X-ray spectral data of the highest redshift (greater than or similar to 0.3) clusters in the sample are inconsistent at the 3 sigma confidence level with an optically thin plasma emission model plus absorptions only in the Milky Way. Inclusions of excess absorptions in the clusters significantly improve the spectral fits to the data, indicating the possible presence of large amounts of X-ray absorbing cool gas (approximately 10(21) cm-2) in some of the distant clusters. By using X-ray luminosities determined from observed fluxes only in the 0.8-3.5 keV band (where the fluxes are less affected by the absorptions) and the temperature-to-luminosity correlation for nearby clusters, the estimated temperatures of the hot intracluster medium (ICM) in these distant clusters constrain the absorption columns in the clusters, e.g., for the cluster CL 0016 + 16, the lower limit on the column density is found to be approximately 6 x 10(20) cm-2 at the 99% confidence limit. The data also show possible positive temperature evolution of the hot ICM with time which, if present, would further increase the absorptions required in fitting the spectra. These tentative results need to be confirmed with the ongoing ROSAT observations. The absorptions, together with the possible temperature evolution, may explain why there are more high-luminosity clusters now than there were in the past. We discuss a scenario in which the cool gas was originally contained in individual galaxies and was removed into the ICM when the galaxies were falling into the cluster core for the first time. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP WANG, QD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 408 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1086/172570 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KY810 UT WOS:A1993KY81000007 ER PT J AU HEWAGAMA, T DEMING, D JENNINGS, DE OSHEROVICH, V WIEDEMANN, G ZIPOY, D MICKEY, DL GARCIA, H AF HEWAGAMA, T DEMING, D JENNINGS, DE OSHEROVICH, V WIEDEMANN, G ZIPOY, D MICKEY, DL GARCIA, H TI SOLAR MAGNETIC-FIELD STUDIES USING THE 12-MICRON EMISSION-LINES .2. STOKES PROFILES AND VECTOR FIELD SAMPLES IN SUNSPOTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE INFRARED, SOLAR SYSTEM; INSTRUMENTATION, INTERFEROMETERS; POLARIZATION; SUN, MAGNETIC FIELDS ID MG-I; UNIPOLAR SUNSPOT; ACTIVE REGIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE; 12 MICRONS; POLARIMETER; SPECTRUM; FEATURES; MODELS; TOWER AB This paper reports a polarimetric study of the extremely Zeeman-sensitive 12.32 mum neutral magnesium (Mg I) emission line from sunspots. A single blocked impurity band (BIB) detector in a cryogenic grating postdisperser was used to limit the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) bandpass and obtain high signal/noise spectra at 0.005 cm-1 spectral resolution with 4.5'' spatial resolution. A polarization analyzer preceded the FTS and consisted of an antireflection coated CdS 1/4 waveplate, a thin film Ge linear polarizer, and a second 1/4 waveplate. The instrument polarization introduced by the McMath telescope is shown to be negligible for the purpose of 12 mum polarimetry. Stokes I, Q, U, V profiles were generated, with a time resolution of 12 minutes, by subtracting successive interferograms. Within the sunspot the Zeeman triplet was fully resolved. Vector fields were derived by nonlinear least squares fits of the Seares formulae to the observed Stokes profiles. The adequacy of the fit procedure was established by comparison to complete Stokes radiative transfer calculations, based on recent NLTE line formation results for the 12.32 mum transition. The visually symmetric sunspot in the region NOAA/USAF group 5754 was observed over the period 1989 October 23-28 and the complex sunspot region NOAA/USAF group 5014 over the period 1988 May 10-15. The 5754 sunspot field strength varied from 2050 G in the umbra to 650 G at the outer penumbral edge, with the field extending well beyond the photometric boundary of the sunspot. Vector magnetograms obtained by the Haleakala Stokes polarimeter, operating at 6302.5 angstrom, show an umbral field strength which is larger by 400 G. The magnetic data indicate the height of formation for the Mg I line to be approximately 600 km above tau = 1 for the 6302.5 angstrom line. Unusual penumbral field inclinations are seen in the 12 mum data, and these may represent the magnetic signatures of X-ray loops which have recently been observed to originate in the penumbra. The ratio of the polarized 12 mum emission (Q2 + U2 + V2)1/2 to the total intensity (I) is found to be unity within the umbra and most of the penumbra, decreasing to 0.9 at the outer edge of the penumbra. This implies that the sunspot magnetic field at the 12 mum height is not filamentary in the sense of containing field-free regions, nor is there cancellation of field over any spatial scale in the beam area. We reiterate our previous conclusion that the widths of the 12 mum sigma-components are caused by spatially unresolved magnetic field strength variations of order +/-250 G. C1 UNIV HAWAII, INST ASTRON, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. RP UNIV MARYLAND, ASTRON PROGRAM, COLL PK, MD 20740 USA. RI Hewagama, T/C-8488-2012; Jennings, Donald/D-7978-2012 NR 82 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 86 IS 1 BP 313 EP 332 DI 10.1086/191781 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KY871 UT WOS:A1993KY87100012 ER PT J AU SCHATZMANN, M SNYDER, WH LAWSON, RE AF SCHATZMANN, M SNYDER, WH LAWSON, RE TI EXPERIMENTS WITH HEAVY GAS JETS IN LAMINAR AND TURBULENT CROSS-FLOWS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; WIND-TUNNEL MODELING; HEAVY GAS JETS; ACCIDENTAL RELEASES; PLUME RISE; PLUME TOUCHDOWN ID PLUME AB A wind tunnel study was performed to determine the dispersion characteristics of gas jets with densities heavier than that of air. The experiments were done in a laminar cross-flow and then repeated in a turbulent boundary layer. All major boundary-layer characteristics were measured and compared with corresponding field data. Jet dispersion was investigated photographically and by means of concentration measurements. Positions of maximum plume rise and of plume touch-down as well as the concentrations at these locations have been determined and compared with corresponding results from earlier studies. The most remarkable differences were found in the high densimetric Froude number range, which is characteristic of jets emerging from release valves of pressurized storage tanks. C1 NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP SCHATZMANN, M (reprint author), UNIV HAMBURG,INST METEOROL,W-2000 HAMBURG 13,GERMANY. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD MAY PY 1993 VL 27 IS 7 BP 1105 EP 1116 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90145-O PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LG417 UT WOS:A1993LG41700006 ER PT J AU WALKER, DA HALFPENNY, JC WALKER, MD WESSMAN, CA AF WALKER, DA HALFPENNY, JC WALKER, MD WESSMAN, CA TI LONG-TERM STUDIES OF SNOW-VEGETATION INTERACTIONS SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; CLIMATE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PATTERNS; TRANSPIRATION; DISTURBANCE; FOOTHILLS; COLORADO; TERRAIN; ALASKA C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ENVIRONM POPULAT & ORGAN BIOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP WALKER, DA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,INST ARCTIC & ALPINE RES,JOINT FACIL REG ECOSYST ANAL,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 53 TC 196 Z9 206 U1 5 U2 33 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 1993 VL 43 IS 5 BP 287 EP 301 DI 10.2307/1312061 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KX575 UT WOS:A1993KX57500002 ER PT J AU FINGER, FG GELMAN, ME WILD, JD CHANIN, ML HAUCHECORNE, A MILLER, AJ AF FINGER, FG GELMAN, ME WILD, JD CHANIN, ML HAUCHECORNE, A MILLER, AJ TI EVALUATION OF NMC UPPER-STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE ANALYSES USING ROCKETSONDE AND LIDAR DATA SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Daily NMC analyses, constructed from operational TOVS data since 1978, are used to monitor behavior of middle atmospheric temperature. Capability of the upper-stratospheric analyses (5,2,1 and 0.4 mb) to provide temporally consistent temperature fields depends on adjustments derived from ground-truth observations. These adjustments compensate for biases in the analyses caused by behavioral differences in data derived from successive operational satellite instruments and by changes in data and analysis procedures. This paper supports previous studies showing that observations from the datasonde rocket system provide ground-truth adjustments with a precision of 1-degrees-3-degrees-C. The number of datasonde observations has diminished substantially in recent years, putting this adjustment system at risk. Falling-sphere rocket temperature data are shown to have variability in excess of that judged to be acceptable for use in the adjustment system. The capability tor Rayleigh lidar to provide high-quality temperature data needed tor ground truth is examined by comparing NMC analysis temperatures, adjusted by datasonde measurements, with observational values from regularly operating lidar systems in France since 1978. Agreement between the two databases is found to be good in recent years. This is further verified by comparisons between the datasonde-computed adjustments and independent analysis adjustments derived from the lidar database. It is concluded that high-quality lidar measurements, if made available from low, medium, and high latitudes, could provide the essential data for use in the analysis adjustment system. C1 RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. CNRS,SERV AERON,F-91370 VERRIERES BUISSON,FRANCE. RP FINGER, FG (reprint author), SM SYST & RES CORP,LANDOVER,MD, USA. RI Hauchecorne, Alain/A-8489-2013; OI Hauchecorne, Alain/0000-0001-9888-6994 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 74 IS 5 BP 789 EP 799 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0789:EONUST>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD116 UT WOS:A1993LD11600002 ER PT J AU KYLE, HL HICKEY, JR ARDANUY, PE JACOBOWITZ, H ARKING, A CAMPBELL, GG HOUSE, FB MASCHHOFF, R SMITH, GL STOWE, LL VONDERHAAR, T AF KYLE, HL HICKEY, JR ARDANUY, PE JACOBOWITZ, H ARKING, A CAMPBELL, GG HOUSE, FB MASCHHOFF, R SMITH, GL STOWE, LL VONDERHAAR, T TI THE NIMBUS EARTH RADIATION BUDGET (ERB) EXPERIMENT - 1975 TO 1992 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; VIEW RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS; CONSTANT SECULAR CHANGES; SOLAR TOTAL IRRADIANCE; WIDE-FIELD; DATA SET; EL-NINO; CALIBRATION ADJUSTMENT; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; R-MODES AB Three spectrally broadband measurement sets are presently being used for earth radiation budget (ERB) studies. These are the Nimbus-6 ERB (July 1975 to June 1978), the Nimbus-7 ERB (November 1978 to the present), and the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) (November 1984 to present). The measurements yield the incident solar irradiance, absorbed solar energy, outgoing longwave and net radiation. The Nimbus-7 started an accurate record of the solar constant in November 1978, while a nearly continuous record of the earth's radiation budget began in July 1975 with the Nimbus-6. Both the Nimbus-6 and -7 products have, in recent years, been reprocessed with improved processing and calibration algorithms so that the entire dataset can be considered as new. However, because of the use of different calibration and processing procedures, the three datasets for some purposes must be considered as piecewise continuous. Nevertheless, the data have been used in many important climate studies. The Nimbus-7 solar measurements indicate that the sun is a low-level variable star and that the mean annual solar energy just outside the earth's atmosphere was about 0.1% lower in 1984 than in 1979 and 1991. Further, the 9 years of Nimbus-7 ERB measurements show the earth's mean annual energy budget to be stable at the 0.2% level with apparently real changes in the annual emitted longwave at the 0.1% to 0.2% level that are associated with changes in the surface temperature. Other studies deal with the cooling and warming effects of clouds, interregional energy transport, and interannual variations. Our understanding of the sensors and how to derive an accurate mean radiation budget from the measurements has slowly improved over the years. But to date, there has been no consensus on the use of consistent calibration and processing procedures to permit quantitatively consistent analyses across the Nimbus-6, -7, and ERBE products. This report describes some successes and lessons learned during the Nimbus ERB program and the compatibility of the Nimbus and ERBE products. C1 EPPLEY LAB INC,NEWPORT,RI. RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD. GULTON IND INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. DREXEL UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. RP KYLE, HL (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Vonder Haar, Thomas/F-2048-2011; vonderhaar, thomas/N-6724-2015 OI vonderhaar, thomas/0000-0002-1962-7757 NR 99 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 74 IS 5 BP 815 EP 830 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0815:TNERBE>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LD116 UT WOS:A1993LD11600005 ER PT J AU WANG, SY LUM, JL CARLS, MG RICE, SD AF WANG, SY LUM, JL CARLS, MG RICE, SD TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH AND TOTAL NUCLEIC-ACIDS IN JUVENILE PINK SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA, FED CRUDE-OIL CONTAMINATED FOOD SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RNA-DNA RATIOS; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; ATLANTIC COD; GADUS-MORHUA; FISH; DEPRIVATION; STARVATION; SALINITY; LARVAE AB Total nucleic acids of juvenile pink salmon, oncorhynchus gorbuscha, fed crude oil contaminated food were analyzed to determine if nucleic acid measurements can be used to evaluate growth of fish collected at oil spill sites. In general, the nucleic acid concentration (micrograms per milligram dry weight) of salmon fry fed food contaminated with either 0.37 or 2.78 mg crude oil/g food was not significantly affected. However, RNA concentration of fry fed food contaminated with 34.83 mg/g was reduced whereas DNA concentration increased. Results over 8 wk indicate decreased protein synthesis and cell content but maintenance of cell integrity in these fish. Growth was inversely related to the level of crude oil contamination in the food. The significant correlations between measured growth and RNA/DNA ratios and RNA contents (micrograms RNA per millimetre fork length) suggest that nucleic acid measurements can be used to compare growth of fish collected from the field. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,AUKE BAY LAB,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP WANG, SY (reprint author), UNIV SO MISSISSIPPI,DEPT BIOL SCI,HATTIESBURG,MS 39406, USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 50 IS 5 BP 996 EP 1001 DI 10.1139/f93-115 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LR758 UT WOS:A1993LR75800014 ER PT J AU TOLMAN, HL AF TOLMAN, HL TI AN EVALUATION OF EXPRESSIONS FOR WAVE ENERGY-DISSIPATION DUE TO BOTTOM FRICTION IN THE PRESENCE OF CURRENTS - REPLY SO COASTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Note ID TURBULENT CURRENT; BED RP TOLMAN, HL (reprint author), NOAA,NMC21,5200 AUTH RD,ROOM 2 06,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3839 J9 COAST ENG JI Coast. Eng. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3-4 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1016/0378-3839(93)90036-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA LH847 UT WOS:A1993LH84700009 ER PT J AU BURROWS, JH AF BURROWS, JH TI INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS IN A CHANGING WORLD - THE ROLE OF THE USERS SO COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE DE-FACTO STANDARDS; DEJURE STANDARDS; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS; OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION; OPEN SYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTS; VOLUNTARY STANDARDS AB Standards for information technology (IT) systems are important to users in effectively applying IT and carrying out the business of their organizations. Users need standards to interconnect products developed by different vendors and to move software, data and applications from one system to another. However, the formal standards development process does not always respond to user needs in a timely way. The cost and complexity of the process often inhibits direct user participation over the long period of time needed to develop standards. Users also have difficulty applying the standards when they are developed in a fragmented and non-integrated fashion. New approaches and tools are needed to enable users to achieve their goals for interoperable multi-vendor systems. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5489 J9 COMP STAND INTER JI Comput. Stand. Interfaces PD MAY PY 1993 VL 15 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1016/0920-5489(93)90028-P PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA LM231 UT WOS:A1993LM23100006 ER PT J AU NAIDU, AS SCALAN, RS FEDER, HM GOERING, JJ HAMEEDI, MJ PARKER, PL BEHRENS, EW CAUGHEY, ME JEWETT, SC AF NAIDU, AS SCALAN, RS FEDER, HM GOERING, JJ HAMEEDI, MJ PARKER, PL BEHRENS, EW CAUGHEY, ME JEWETT, SC TI STABLE ORGANIC-CARBON ISOTOPES IN SEDIMENTS OF THE NORTH BERING SOUTH CHUKCHI SEAS, ALASKAN SOVIET ARCTIC SHELF SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY; FOOD-WEB; MARINE; MATTER; MEXICO; GULF; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; STRAIT AB The deltaC-13 and OC/N in carbonate-free sediments show an east to west cross-shelf trend within the north Bering-south Chukchi seas. Generally, the deltaC-13 increases from the river deltas (< -25 parts per thousand) in the east through the sound areas (-23 to -22 parts per thousand) to open shelf in the west (-21 to -20 parts per thousand). The sediment OC/N ratios also show an east-west cross-shelf trend with a progressive westward decrease from river deltas (>10) through the adjacent sound (8-10) to the open shelf (<7). Sediment trap samples from southeast Chukchi Sea show complementary cross shelf changes in deltaC-13 and OC/N. These distributional patterns are similar to those generally observed in temperate shelves despite the peculiar environmental settings of the subarctic-arctic. The patterns of lateral changes in deltaC-13 and OC/N in our study area are explained in the context of two-end member sources of organic carbon, terrigenous and marine. No significant correlations exist between sediment deltaC-13 and OC/N and benthic biomass in the south Chukchi Sea. These suggest that the nature of organic carbon, as indicated by the deltaC-13 and OC/N, is not the sole factor controlling benthic biomass in the above area. It is further suggested that the observed lateral changes in deltaC-13 have a potential use as a proxy signal in the elucidation of the Quaternary transgressive-regressive history of Beringia. C1 UNIV TEXAS,INST GEOPHYS,AUSTIN,TX 78759. UNIV TEXAS,INST MARINE SCI,PORT ARANSAS,TX 78373. NOAA,ORCA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY,AQUAT CHEM SECT,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. RP NAIDU, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,SCH FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI,INST MARINE SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 80 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 669 EP 691 DI 10.1016/0278-4343(93)90099-J PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LA351 UT WOS:A1993LA35100009 ER PT J AU ROMAN, MR DAM, HG GAUZENS, AL NAPP, JM AF ROMAN, MR DAM, HG GAUZENS, AL NAPP, JM TI ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS AND GRAZING AT THE JGOFS SARGASSO SEA TIME-SERIES STATION SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID WARM-CORE RING; COPEPOD ACARTIA-TONSA; SHORT-TERM CHANGES; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; HERBIVOROUS COPEPOD; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; FECAL PELLETS; FOOD QUALITY; CONSUMPTION; INGESTION AB We examined the variability in zooplankton biomass and grazing in the upper 200 m at the JGOFS time series station off Bermuda during 3 week periods in August 1989 and in March/April 1990. The average-integrated >64 mum zooplankton biomass was similar in August (571 mg C m-2) and March/April (592 mg C m-2). However, macrozooplankton (>200 mum) represented a greater portion of total (>64 mum) zooplankton biomass in March/April (75%) as compared to August (30%). The average estimated rate of phytoplankton ingestion was higher in March/April (3.7 mg C m-2 h-1) compared to August (0.6 mg C m-2 h-1), with macrozooplankton (>200 mum) contributing more to the estimated flux in March (65%) compared to August (14%). Our estimates of 3 times greater macrozooplankton biomass in March/April is similar in magnitude to the differences in the estimated flux of organic material from the photic zone during these seasons. In addition, short-term changes in the sinking of particulate organic matter during our March/April cruise were consistent with increases/decreases in macrozooplankton biomass and grazing. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT MARINE SCI,GROTON,CT 06340. NOAA,NMFS,AFSC,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP ROMAN, MR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND SYST,CTR ENVIRONM & ESTUARINE STUDIES,HORN POINT ENVIRONM LAB,POB 775,CAMBRIDGE,MD 21613, USA. RI roman, michael/F-9425-2013; Gauzens, Anne/G-4408-2013; OI Dam, Hans/0000-0001-6121-5038 NR 66 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 40 IS 5 BP 883 EP 901 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LF852 UT WOS:A1993LF85200001 ER PT J AU SOGARD, SM OLLA, BL AF SOGARD, SM OLLA, BL TI THE INFLUENCE OF PREDATOR PRESENCE ON UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL SEAGRASS HABITATS BY JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE PREDATION REFUGE; HABITAT STRUCTURE; HABITAT SELECTION; FISH BEHAVIOR ID DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; PREY RELATIONSHIPS; EELGRASS; FISHES; COLONIZATION; VEGETATION; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; MEADOWS; SEA AB Behavioral preference for a structured habitat (artificial seagrass) by juvenile walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, was tested in controlled laboratory experiments. We monitored position of fish in 2000 1 tanks with and without artificial seagrass present in one half of the tank. In addition, we exposed walleye pollock to a predator model, assessing their response when a grass plot was available or unavailable as a potential refuge. In the absence of predators, the fish avoided the artificial seagrass, displaying a preference for the open water side of the experimental tanks. In the presence of a predator model, however, juvenile walleye pollock readily entered the artificial seagrass plots. In addition, they often remained in the grass canopy in proximity to the predator instead of moving out of the grass to avoid the predator (when no grass was present they consistently moved to the opposite side of the tank from the predator). The behavioral choices exhibited in this study suggest that juvenile walleye pollock modify habitat selection in response to perceived predation risk, and recognize the structure provided by artificial seagrass as a potential refuge. RP SOGARD, SM (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAY PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.1007/BF00000712 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LB200 UT WOS:A1993LB20000006 ER PT J AU HICKS, B MCMILLEN, R TURNER, RS HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC AF HICKS, B MCMILLEN, R TURNER, RS HOLDREN, GR STRICKLAND, TC TI A NATIONAL CRITICAL LOADS FRAMEWORK FOR ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION EFFECTS ASSESSMENT .3. DEPOSITION CHARACTERIZATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE WET DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; MICROMETEOROLOGY ID DRY DEPOSITION; NITRIC-ACID; PRECIPITATION; CHEMISTRY; SURFACES; REMOTE AB Methods are discussed for describing patterns of current wet and dry deposition under various scenarios. It is proposed that total deposition data across an area of interest are the most relevant in the context of critical loads of acidic deposition, and that the total (i.e., wet plus dry) deposition will vary greatly with the location, the season, and the characteristics of individual subregions. Wet and dry deposition are proposed to differ in such fundamental ways that they must be considered separately. Both wet and dry deposition rates are controlled by the presence of the chemical species in question in the air (at altitudes of typically several kilometers in the case of wet deposition, and in air near the surface for dry). The great differences in the processes involved lead to the conclusion that it is better to measure wet and dry deposition separately and combine these quantifications to produce ''total deposition'' estimates than to attempt to derive total deposition directly. A number of options for making estimates of total deposition to be used in critical loads assessment scenarios are discussed for wet deposition (buckets and source receptor models) and for dry deposition (throughfall, micrometeorology, surrogate surfaces and collection vessels, inference from concentrations, dry-wet ratios, and source-receptor models). C1 NOAA,ARL,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP HICKS, B (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1325 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1007/BF02394677 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KY777 UT WOS:A1993KY77700007 ER PT J AU ARTZ, RS LAVRINENKO, RF AF ARTZ, RS LAVRINENKO, RF TI BACKGROUND PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY MONITORING IN THE SOVIET-UNION SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article AB An overview is given of the precipitation chemistry field and laboratory programs of the former U.S.S.R. World Meteorological Organization Background Air Pollution Monitoring Program (WMO BAPMoN). Field and laboratory procedures are discussed, siting criteria are examined, station histories are documented, and four Soviet quality assurance techniques are discussed. Comparison of data from three Soviet BAPMoN stations with data from three U.S. BAPMoN stations indicate that sulfate concentrations are comparable but that U.S. samples are typically much more acidic. Soviet samples tend to have higher concentrations of cations of soil origin and higher concentrations of ammonium. RP ARTZ, RS (reprint author), NOAA,AIR RESOURCES LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1007/BF00555059 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LB202 UT WOS:A1993LB20200001 PM 24225895 ER PT J AU KEENE, WC MABEN, JR PSZENNY, AAP GALLOWAY, JN AF KEENE, WC MABEN, JR PSZENNY, AAP GALLOWAY, JN TI MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE FOR INORGANIC CHLORINE GASES IN THE MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERE; COLLECTION; NACL AB A technique was developed to measure inorganic Cl gases in the marine boundary layer. The inlet inertially removed coarse aerosol (>1-mum diameter), and an in-line filter removed fine aerosol. A trace gas concentrator positioned downstream incorporated an acidic mist chamber which sampled HCI* (including HCl, NOCl, ClNO2, and ClNO3), followed by an alkaline mist chamber which sampled Cl2* (including Cl2 and a portion of HOCl). Mist solutions were analyzed by ion chromatography. Estimated detection limits for HCl* and Cl2* were 39 and 13 pptv, respectively. Standard additions of calibration gases from permeation sources to ambient air were recovered quantitatively within source uncertainties. The sampler appears to discriminate against organic Cl gases. HCl* in coastal air near Miami varied from <39 to 268 pptv with lower mixing ratios at night. Ambient Cl2* Varied from <13 to 127 pptv with highest mixing ratios before dawn. C1 NOAA,DIV OCEAN CHEM,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,MIAMI,FL 33157. RP KEENE, WC (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903, USA. RI Galloway, James/C-2769-2013 OI Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698 NR 41 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 27 IS 5 BP 866 EP 874 DI 10.1021/es00042a008 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA739 UT WOS:A1993LA73900018 ER PT J AU BRODZIAK, JKT ROSENBERG, AA AF BRODZIAK, JKT ROSENBERG, AA TI A METHOD TO ASSESS SQUID FISHERIES IN THE NORTH-WEST ATLANTIC SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE SQUID; NORTH ATLANTIC; MODEL; ABUNDANCE; EXPLOITATION; MIGRATION RP BRODZIAK, JKT (reprint author), WOODS HOLE LAB,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 50 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1006/jmsc.1993.1019 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LF747 UT WOS:A1993LF74700007 ER PT J AU STOKESBERRY, D WAKID, S AF STOKESBERRY, D WAKID, S TI ISDN IN NORTH-AMERICA SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article RP STOKESBERRY, D (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,COMP SYST LAB,DIV ADV SYST,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 88 EP 94 DI 10.1109/35.212427 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA LA888 UT WOS:A1993LA88800011 ER PT J AU CHANG, JYC ABIDI, AA GAITAN, M AF CHANG, JYC ABIDI, AA GAITAN, M TI LARGE SUSPENDED INDUCTORS ON SILICON AND THEIR USE IN A 2-MU-M CMOS RF AMPLIFIER SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Large spiral inductors encased in oxide over silicon are shown to operate beyond the UHF band when the capacitance and loss resistance are dramatically reduced by selective removal of the underlying substrate. Using a 100-nH inductor whose self-resonance lies at 3 GHz, a balanced tuned amplifier with a gain of 14 dB centered at 770 MHz has been implemented in a standard digital 2-mum CMOS IC process. The core amplifier noise figure is 6 dB, and the power dissipation is 7 mW from a 3-V supply. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SEMICOND ELECTR,DEVICE TECHNOL GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CHANG, JYC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ELECT ENGN,INTEGRATED CIRCUITS & SYST LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 7 TC 267 Z9 286 U1 3 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 14 IS 5 BP 246 EP 248 DI 10.1109/55.215182 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA KZ178 UT WOS:A1993KZ17800012 ER PT J AU RYE, BJ HARDESTY, RM AF RYE, BJ HARDESTY, RM TI DISCRETE SPECTRAL PEAK ESTIMATION IN INCOHERENT BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR .1. SPECTRAL ACCUMULATION AND THE CRAMER-RAO LOWER-BOUND (VOL 31, PG 16, 1993) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Correction, Addition RP RYE, BJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 748 EP 748 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LQ901 UT WOS:A1993LQ90100023 ER PT J AU MCCLURE, JL CEZAIRLIYAN, A AF MCCLURE, JL CEZAIRLIYAN, A TI MEASUREMENT OF THE HEAT OF FUSION OF TUNGSTEN BY A MICROSECOND-RESOLUTION TRANSIENT TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD WORKSHOP ON SUBSECOND THERMOPHYSICS CY SEP 17-18, 1992 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP BUNDESMINIST WISSENSCH & FORSCH, TECH UNIV GRAZ, PROV STYRIA, CITY GRAZ, AVL GRAZ, SIEMENS MATSUSHITA COMPONENTS OHG DEUTSCHLANDSBERG, SWAROVASKI OPT, DEWETRON, INTERUNFALL RAS VERSICHER, PHILIPS IND GMBH LEBRING DE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY; HEAT OF FUSION; HIGH TEMPERATURES; MELTING; PULSE HEATING; REFRACTORY METALS; TRANSIENT TECHNIQUES; TUNGSTEN ID LIQUID TUNGSTEN AB A microsecond-resolution pulse-heating technique was used for the measurement of the heat of fusion of tungsten. The method is based on rapid (100 to 125 mus) resistive self-heating of a specimen by a high-current pulse from a capacitor discharge system and measuring current through the specimen and voltage across the specimen as functions of time. Melting of a specimen is manifested by changes in the slope of the electrical resistance versus time function. The time integral of the power absorbed by a specimen during melting yields the heat of fusion. Measurements gave a value of 48.7 kJ.mol-1 for the heat of fusion of tungsten with an estimated maximum uncertainty of +/-6 %. The electrical resistivity of solid and liquid tungsten at its melting temperature was also measured. RP MCCLURE, JL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1007/BF00566044 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA LL302 UT WOS:A1993LL30200011 ER PT J AU MIILLER, AP CEZAIRLIYAN, A AF MIILLER, AP CEZAIRLIYAN, A TI RADIANCE TEMPERATURES (IN THE WAVELENGTH RANGE 519-906 NM) OF TUNGSTEN AT ITS MELTING-POINT BY A PULSE-HEATING TECHNIQUE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD WORKSHOP ON SUBSECOND THERMOPHYSICS CY SEP 17-18, 1992 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP BUNDESMINIST WISSENSCH & FORSCH, TECH UNIV GRAZ, PROV STYRIA, CITY GRAZ, AVL GRAZ, SIEMENS MATSUSHITA COMPONENTS OHG DEUTSCHLANDSBERG, SWAROVASKI OPT, DEWETRON, INTERUNFALL RAS VERSICHER, PHILIPS IND GMBH LEBRING DE EMISSIVITY; HIGH-SPEED PYROMETRY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE FIXED POINTS; MELTING; MULTIWAVELENGTH PYROMETRY; RADIANCE TEMPERATURE AB Radiance temperatures (at six wavelengths in the range 519-906 nm) of tungsten at its melting point were measured by a pulse-heating technique. The method is based on rapid resistive self-heating of the specimen from room temperature to its melting point in less than 1 s; and on simultaneously measuring the specimen radiance temperatures every 0.5 ms with a high-speed six-wavelength pyrometer. Melting was manifested by a plateau in the radiance temperature versus time function for each wavelength. The melting-point radiance temperatures for a given specimen were determined by averaging the measured temperatures along the plateau at each wavelength. The melting-point radiance temperatures for tungsten were determined by averaging the results at each wavelength for 10 specimens (standard deviation in the range 0.5-1.1 K, depending on the wavelength) as follows: 3319 K at 519 nm, 3236 K at 615 nm, 3207 K at 652 nm, 3157 K at 707 nm, 3078 K at 808 nm, and 2995 K at 906 nm. Based on estimates of the random and systematic errors arising from pyrometry and specimen conditions, the total uncertainty in the reported values is about +/-7 K at 653 nm and +/-8 K at the other wavelengths. RP MIILLER, AP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 511 EP 524 DI 10.1007/BF00566049 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA LL302 UT WOS:A1993LL30200016 ER PT J AU ELLERBE, P LONG, T WELCH, MJ AF ELLERBE, P LONG, T WELCH, MJ TI THE DETERMINATION OF AMPHETAMINE AND METHAMPHETAMINE IN A LYOPHILIZED HUMAN URINE REFERENCE MATERIAL SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHLORIDE C1 COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,NORTHFIELD,IL 60093. RP ELLERBE, P (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,TECHNOL ADM,DEPT COMMERCE,ORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA LD480 UT WOS:A1993LD48000008 PM 8336490 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, EM ANGYAL, GN WEAVER, CM FELKNER, IC WOLF, WR WORTHY, BE AF ANDERSON, EM ANGYAL, GN WEAVER, CM FELKNER, IC WOLF, WR WORTHY, BE TI POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF LASER MICROBE BIOASSAY TECHNOLOGY FOR DETERMINING WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS IN FOODS SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A microbiological technique was developed for quantitating niacin by determining microbial growth rates in response to the amount of vitamin available. Unlike the current official AOAC method, the new procedure for niacin measured the growth rates during the early exponential growth phase rather than during the stationary phase. Lactobacillus plantarum was used to determine niacin to a lower limit of 1 00 pg/mL. The assay time was approximately 6 h, compared with 16-24 h for the current AOAC method. The extent of microbial growth was determined by differential light scattering of a LASER beam. Multiple photodetectors were integrated with a computer system to collect and analyze the data. The use of differential light scattering to determine 8 water-soluble vitamins under stationary phase conditions demonstrated the potential application of the new technology for microorganisms and foods. C1 SRA TECHNOL,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP ANDERSON, EM (reprint author), USDA,DIV NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 76 IS 3 BP 682 EP 690 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA LD679 UT WOS:A1993LD67900032 PM 8318864 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, GL DAVIS, JM KARL, TR MCNAB, AL TARPLEY, JD BLOOMFIELD, P AF JOHNSON, GL DAVIS, JM KARL, TR MCNAB, AL TARPLEY, JD BLOOMFIELD, P TI THE USE OF POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITE SOUNDING DATA TO ESTIMATE RURAL MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; TIROS-N; TRENDS AB Atmospheric sounding products from NOAA's polar-orbiting satellites were used to derive and test predictive equations of rural shelter-level maximum and minimum temperatures. Sounding data from both winter and summer months were combined with surface data from over 5300 cooperative weather stations in the continental United States to develop multiple linear regression equations. Separate equations were developed for both maximum and minimum temperature, using the three types of sounding retrievals (clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy). Clear retrieval models outperformed others, and maximum temperatures were more accurately predicted than minimums. Average standard deviations of observed rural shelter temperatures within sounding search areas were of similar magnitude to root-mean-square errors from satellite estimates for most clear and partly cloudy cases, but were significantly less for cloudy retrieval cases. Model validation for surrogate polar and tropical climatic regions showed success in application of the four clear retrieval models (maximum and minimum temperature, for both winter and summer). This indicates the potential adaptability of these models to estimates of rural shelter temperature in areas outside of the United States. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, NCDC, ASHEVILLE, NC USA. NOAA, NESDIS, SATELLITE RES LAB, CAMP SPRINGS, MD USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT STAT, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. RP USDA ARS, N W WATERSHED RES CTR, 800 PK BLVD, PLAZA 4, SUITE 105, BOISE, ID 83712 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 857 EP 870 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0857:TUOPOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LB224 UT WOS:A1993LB22400005 ER PT J AU GALLO, KP MCNAB, AL KARL, TR BROWN, JF HOOD, JJ TARPLEY, JD AF GALLO, KP MCNAB, AL KARL, TR BROWN, JF HOOD, JJ TARPLEY, JD TI THE USE OF NOAA AVHRR DATA FOR ASSESSMENT OF THE URBAN HEAT-ISLAND EFFECT SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; AREA; CORN AB A vegetation index and a radiative surface temperature were derived from satellite data acquired at approximately 1330 LST for each of 37 cities and for their respective nearby rural regions from 28 June through 8 August 1991. Urban-rural differences for the vegetation index and the surface temperatures were computed and then compared to observed urban-rural differences in minimum air temperatures. The purpose of these comparisons was to evaluate the use of satellite data to assess the influence of the urban environment on observed minimum air temperatures (the urban heat island effect). The temporal consistency of the data, from daily data to weekly, biweekly, and monthly intervals, was also evaluated. The satellite-derived normalized difference (ND) vegetation-index data, sampled over urban and rural regions composed of a variety of land surface environments, were linearly related to the difference in observed urban and rural minimum temperatures. The relationship between the ND index and observed differences in minimum temperature was improved when analyses were restricted by elevation differences between the sample locations and when biweekly or monthly intervals were utilized. The difference in the ND index between urban and rural regions appears to be an indicator of the difference in surface properties (evaporation and heat storage capacity) between the two environments that are responsible for differences in urban and rural minimum temperatures. The urban and rural differences in the ND index explain a greater amount of the variation observed in minimum temperature differences than past analyses that utilized urban population data. The use of satellite data may contribute to a globally consistent method for analysis of urban heat island bias. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, SATELLITE RES LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 USA. UNIV NEBRASKA, CTR ADV LAND MANAGEMENT INFORMAT TECHNOL, LINCOLN, NE 68588 USA. EROS, CTR DATA, SIOUX FALLS, SD USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR, GLOBAL CLIMATE LAB, ASHEVILLE, NC 28801 USA. RI Brown, Jesslyn/C-9888-2010; Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; OI Brown, Jesslyn/0000-0002-9976-1998 NR 36 TC 121 Z9 147 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 899 EP 908 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0899:TUONAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LB224 UT WOS:A1993LB22400008 ER PT J AU SCHIFFMAN, A NELSON, DD NESBITT, DJ AF SCHIFFMAN, A NELSON, DD NESBITT, DJ TI QUANTUM YIELDS FOR OH PRODUCTION FROM 193 AND 248 NM PHOTOLYSIS OF HNO3 AND H2O2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONALLY MEDIATED PHOTODISSOCIATION; NITRIC-ACID VAPOR; ROTATIONAL DISTRIBUTION; STATE DISTRIBUTION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; LASER PHOTOLYSIS; KINETICS; NITROMETHANE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The absolute quantum yields (PHI) for OH production from 193 and 248 nm photolysis of HNO3 and H2O2 are measured at room temperature using flash kinetic spectroscopy in a flow tube. The OH radicals are produced by excimer laser photolysis and probed via direct absorption of high resolution, tunable IR laser light. The resulting quantum yields are found to be PHI193HNO3 = 0.47 +/- 0.06, PHI193H2O2 = 1.22 +/- 0.13, PHI248HNO3 = 0.75 +/- 0.10, and PHI248H2O2 = 1.58 +/- 0.23 .These results indicate quantum yields for both precursors at both wavelengths which are less than the maximum possible values of 1 for HNO3 and 2 for H2O2. The present measurements are discussed in light of contrasting results suggested from other work. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP SCHIFFMAN, A (reprint author), NAT INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 50 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 9 BP 6935 EP 6946 DI 10.1063/1.464735 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA LA763 UT WOS:A1993LA76300034 ER PT J AU BUNTIN, SA CAVANAGH, RR RICHTER, LJ AF BUNTIN, SA CAVANAGH, RR RICHTER, LJ TI PHOTODECOMPOSITION DYNAMICS OF MO(CO)6/SI(111)7X7 - CO INTERNAL STATE AND TRANSLATIONAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID EXCIMER LASER PHOTOLYSIS; LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES; FEMTOSECOND TRANSIENT ABSORPTION; HOT-ELECTRON ATTACHMENT; GAS-PHASE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; GROUP-6 HEXACARBONYLS; METAL-CARBONYLS; DIRECT PHOTOEXCITATION; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE AB The rotational state and translational energy distributions of CO photodesorption products resulting from the 266 nm photolysis Of Mo (CO)6 adsorbed on Si(111) 7 X 7 with coverages in the multilayer regime are reported. State-resolved measurements show two desorption components with highly disparate energy dispositions. Results for different surface temperatures indicate that the energy content in one component reaches quasi-equilibration with the surface temperature, which is attributed to collisional relaxation of nascent photodecomposition products within the adlayer. The other component exhibits disparate rotational and translational ''temperatures'' that are significantly greater than, and independent of, the surface temperature. These nascent photodecomposition products are influenced by both energy quenching effects and dynamical constraints imposed by the existence of the adlayer. RP BUNTIN, SA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 9 BP 7651 EP 7654 DI 10.1063/1.464705 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA LA763 UT WOS:A1993LA76300115 ER PT J AU BARNSTON, AG VANDENDOOL, HM AF BARNSTON, AG VANDENDOOL, HM TI A DEGENERACY IN CROSS-VALIDATED SKILL IN REGRESSION-BASED FORECASTS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURES; PREDICTION; SURFACE; WINTER AB Highly negative skill scores may occur in regression-based experimental forecast trials in which the data being forecast are withheld in tum from a fixed sample, and the remaining data are used to develop regression relationships-that is, exhaustive cross-validation methods. A small negative bias in skill is amplified when forecasts are verified using the correlation between forecasts and actual data. The same outcome occurs when forecasts are amplitude-inflated in conversion to a categorical system and scored in a ''number of hits'' framework. The effect becomes severe when predictor-predictand relationships are weak, as is often the case in climate prediction. Some basic characteristics of this degeneracy are explored for regression-based cross-validation. Simulations using both randomized and designed datasets indicate that the correlation skill score degeneracy becomes important when nearly all of the available sample is used to develop forecast equations for the remaining (very few) points, and when the predictability in the full dependent sample falls short of the conventional requirement for statistical significance for the sample size. The undesirable effects can be reduced with one of the following methodological adjustments: 1) excluding more than a very small portion of the sample from the development group for each cross-validation forecast trial or 2) redefining the ''total available sample'' within one cross-validation exercise. A more complete elimination of the effects is achieved by 1) downward adjusting the magnitude of negative correlation skills in proportion to forecast amplitude, 2) regarding negative correlation skills as zero, or 3) using a forecast verification measure other than correlation such as root-mean-square error. When the correlation skill score degeneracy is acknowledged and treated appropriately, cross-validation remains an effective and valid technique for estimating predictive skill for independent data. C1 CLIMATE ANAL CTR,NWS,NMC,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 14 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 6 IS 5 BP 963 EP 977 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0963:ADICVS>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LC409 UT WOS:A1993LC40900014 ER PT J AU GRABBE, A HORN, RG AF GRABBE, A HORN, RG TI DOUBLE-LAYER AND HYDRATION FORCES MEASURED BETWEEN SILICA SHEETS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS SURFACE TREATMENTS SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELECTROLYTE; BILAYERS; WATER; MICA C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Horn, Roger/L-2782-2013 NR 35 TC 191 Z9 193 U1 3 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 157 IS 2 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1006/jcis.1993.1199 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KZ328 UT WOS:A1993KZ32800016 ER PT J AU VELLANKI, J NADELLA, RK RAO, MV DIETRICH, HB SIMONS, DS CHI, PH AF VELLANKI, J NADELLA, RK RAO, MV DIETRICH, HB SIMONS, DS CHI, PH TI MEV ENERGY SULFUR IMPLANTATION IN GAAS AND INP SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ANNEALING; GAAS; INP; ION IMPLANTATION ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; ION-IMPLANTATION; SI IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; FE AB Room temperature and elevated temperature sulfur implants were performed into semi-insulating GaAs and InP at variable energies and fluences. The implantations were performed in the energy range 1-16 MeV. Range statistics of sulfur in InP and GaAs were calculated from the secondary ion mass spectrometry atomic concentration depth profiles and were compared with TRIM92 values. Slight in-diffusion of sulfur was observed in both InP and GaAs at higher annealing temperatures for room temperature implants. Little or no redistribution of sulfur was observed for elevated temperature implants. Elevated temperature implants showed higher activations and higher mobilities compared to room temperature implants in both GaAs and InP after annealing. Higher peak electron concentrations were observed in sulfur-implanted InP (n almost-equal-to 1 x 10(19) cm-3) compared to GaAs (n almost-equal-to 2 x 10(18) cm-3). The doping profile for a buried n+ layer (n almost-equal-to 3.5 x 10(18) cm-3) of a positive-intrinsic-negative diode in GaAs was produced by using Si/S coimplantation. C1 USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP VELLANKI, J (reprint author), GEORGE MASON UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,FAIRFAX,VA 22030, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 559 EP 560 DI 10.1007/BF02661631 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA LB025 UT WOS:A1993LB02500025 ER PT J AU OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW AF OLLA, BL DAVIS, MW TI THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON EGG BUOYANCY AND HATCHING RATE OF THE WALLEYE POLLOCK, THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BEHAVIOR; BUOYANCY; DENSITY; EGGS; HATCHING; LIGHT ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; FISH EGGS; DENSITY RP OLLA, BL (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,HATFIELD MARINE SCI CTR,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,NEWPORT,OR 97365, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 42 IS 5 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LD256 UT WOS:A1993LD25600006 ER PT J AU COFFEY, HE AF COFFEY, HE TI GEOMAGNETIC AND SOLAR DATA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Note RP COFFEY, HE (reprint author), NOAA,WORLD DATA CTR SOLAR TERR PHYS A,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS A5 BP 7687 EP 7693 DI 10.1029/93JA00454 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA LB643 UT WOS:A1993LB64300016 ER PT J AU MORGAN, HD SEYOUM, HM FORTNA, JDE HUMM, DC ASFAW, A CLEARY, DD AF MORGAN, HD SEYOUM, HM FORTNA, JDE HUMM, DC ASFAW, A CLEARY, DD TI TOTAL PHOTOABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION OF MOLECULAR NITROGEN NEAR 83.4 NM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; VACUUM UV; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; STATES; N2 AB The photoabsorption cross section of molecular nitrogen near 83.4 nm has been measured at room temperature. The cross sections at the wavelengths of the 2s2p4 P-4(5/2), P-4(3/2), and P-4(1/2) (all - 2s(2)2p3 4SS(o)3/2) O+ emission lines are measured to be 10.1 +/- 1.6 Mb, 0.29 +/- 0.02 Mb, and 0.049 +/- 0.008 Mb respectively. These measurements were made with an O+ emission discharge source, and repeated using a synchrotron radiation source. Both measurements were made with the 0.008-nm resolution 6.65-m spectrometer at the SURF II storage ring of the National Institute for Standards and Technology. C1 USN,POSTGRAD SCH,DEPT PHYS,MONTEREY,CA 93943. HOWARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD. RP MORGAN, HD (reprint author), UNIV DISTR COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20008, USA. RI Humm, David/B-8825-2016; OI Humm, David/0000-0003-1520-261X; Asfaw, Araya/0000-0001-9926-6658 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS A5 BP 7799 EP 7803 DI 10.1029/92JA02894 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA LB643 UT WOS:A1993LB64300026 ER PT J AU YAMASHITA, H BAUM, HR KUSHIDA, G NAKABE, K KASHIWAGI, T AF YAMASHITA, H BAUM, HR KUSHIDA, G NAKABE, K KASHIWAGI, T TI HEAT-TRANSFER FROM RADIATIVELY HEATED MATERIAL IN A LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE MICROGRAVITY HEAT TRANSFER; TRANSIENT AND UNSTEADY HEAT TRANSFER ID SOLID FUEL; IGNITION; ABSORPTION; MODEL; VAPOR; FLOW AB A mathematical model of the transient three-dimensional heat transfer between a slowly moving ambient gas stream and a thermally thick or thin flat surface heated by external radiation in a microgravity environment is presented. The problem is motivated in part by fire safety issues in spacecraft. The gas phase is represented by variable property convection-diffusion energy and mass conservation equations valid at low Reynolds numbers. The absence of gravity and low Reynolds number together permit the flow to be represented by a self-consistent velocity potential determined by the ambient velocity and the thermal expansion in the gas. The solid exchanges energy with the gas by conduction/convection and with the surroundings by surface absorption and re-emission of radiation. Heat conduction in the solid is assumed to be one dimensional at each point on the surface as a consequence of the limited times (of order of 10 seconds) of interest in these simulations. Despite the apparent simplicity of the model, the results show a complex thermally induced flow near the heated surface. The thermal exchange between the gas and solid produces an outward sourcelike flow upstream of the center of the irradiated area and a sinklike flow downstream. The responses of the temperature fields and the associated flows to changes in the intensity of the external radiation and the ambient velocity are discussed. RP YAMASHITA, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 1993 VL 115 IS 2 BP 418 EP 425 DI 10.1115/1.2910694 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA LE445 UT WOS:A1993LE44500017 ER PT J AU COLE, M FITCH, AN PRINCE, E AF COLE, M FITCH, AN PRINCE, E TI LOW-TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE OF KUO2PO4.3D2O DETERMINED FROM COMBINED SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AND NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ID DUO2ASO4.4D2O; CONDUCTIVITY; HUP AB The crystal structure of the low-temperature, ordered phase of KUO2PO4.3D2O, a derivative of the proton conductor HUO2PO4.4H2O, has been determined from a combination of high-resolution powder diffraction measurements using neutrons and synchrotron radiation. The structure is orthorhombic, space group P2(1)cn, with a = 6.9931(4) angstrom, b = 6.9733(4) angstrom and c = 17.6113(8) angstrom at 10 K. C1 UNIV KEELE,DEPT CHEM,KEELE ST5 5BG,STAFFS,ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 3 IS 5 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1039/jm9930300519 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA LB009 UT WOS:A1993LB00900014 ER PT J AU WAN, KT HORN, RG COURMONT, S LAWN, BR AF WAN, KT HORN, RG COURMONT, S LAWN, BR TI PRESSURIZED INTERNAL LENTICULAR CRACKS AT HEALED MICA INTERFACES SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURFACE AB The equilibrium states of internal penny cracks at interfaces in thin-sheet bodies are investigated. Consideration is given to cracks held open by a center-loading force from an entrapped particle in combination with a uniform pressure from a fixed mass of entrapped gas. A fracture mechanics analysis indicates that under these conditions the cracks are stable, but are amenable to growth from an enhancement in net pressure (increase in internal pressure or decrease in external pressure) or effective particle size. Essential details of the theory are confirmed by experiments on lenticular cracks at healed interfaces in muscovite mica. The results are pertinent to flaw responses in brittle ceramic systems where structural integrity is an issue. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Horn, Roger/L-2782-2013 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1128 EP 1136 DI 10.1557/JMR.1993.1128 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA KZ502 UT WOS:A1993KZ50200029 ER PT J AU RUZICKA, V DOMALSKI, ES AF RUZICKA, V DOMALSKI, ES TI ESTIMATION OF THE HEAT-CAPACITIES OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE USING GROUP ADDITIVITY .1. HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE ESTIMATION; GROUP CONTRIBUTION APPROACH; HEAT CAPACITY OF LIQUIDS; HYDROCARBONS; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE AB A second-order group additivity method has been developed for the estimation of the heat capacity of liquid hydrocarbons as a function of temperature in the range from the melting temperature to the normal boiling temperature. The temperature dependence of group contributions and structural corrections has been represented by a polynomial expression. The adjustable parameters in the polynomials have been calculated using a weighted least squares minimization procedure. Recommended heat capacities from a large compilation of critically evaluated data that contains over 1300 organic liquids served as a database both for the development and testing of the method. RP RUZICKA, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Ruzicka, Vlastimil/B-8905-2008 NR 0 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 597 EP 618 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA LH266 UT WOS:A1993LH26600001 ER PT J AU RUZICKA, V DOMALSKI, ES AF RUZICKA, V DOMALSKI, ES TI ESTIMATION OF THE HEAT-CAPACITIES OF ORGANIC LIQUIDS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE USING GROUP ADDITIVITY .2. COMPOUNDS OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGENS, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AND SULFUR SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE ESTIMATION; GROUP CONTRIBUTION APPROACH; HEAT CAPACITY OF LIQUIDS; COMPOUNDS OF CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGENS, NITROGEN, OXYGEN, AND SULFUR; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE AB A second-order group additivity method has been developed for the estimation of the heat capacity of liquid organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, halogens, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The method permits the estimation of the heat capacity as a function of temperature in the ran ge from the melting temperature to the normal boiling temperature. Group contributions and structural corrections have been made temperature dependent by the use of a polynomial expression. The adjustable parameters in the polynomials have been calculated using a weighted least squares minimization procedure. This work has drawn information for both the development and testing of the method from a large compilation of critically evaluated heat capacity data for over 1300 organic liquids. RP RUZICKA, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Ruzicka, Vlastimil/B-8905-2008 NR 0 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 619 EP 657 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA LH266 UT WOS:A1993LH26600002 ER PT J AU MAUL, GA VUKOVICH, FM AF MAUL, GA VUKOVICH, FM TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIATIONS IN THE GULF-OF-MEXICO LOOP CURRENT AND STRAITS OF FLORIDA VOLUME TRANSPORT SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEA-LEVEL; CURRENT PATTERNS; BAHAMAS CABLE; VARIABILITY; INTRUSIONS; SATELLITE AB Twelve years of monthly mean positions of the northern boundary of the Loop Current in the eastern Gulf of Mexico from satellite and in situ data have been compared with coincident 1977-1988 estimates of volume transport in the Straits of Florida in the subseasonal frequency band 15(-1) to 5(-1) cycles per month. Volume transport estimated from Cuba minus Florida sea level difference in this frequency band accounts for 69% of the variance in volume transport estimated from the Florida-Grand Bahama Island submarine cable. On average, the Loop Current has a dominant period of 11 months whereas the volume transport is dominated by annual spectral energy; little significant coherence squared occurs between them. The maximum northward penetration of the Loop Current occurs on average in winter when the volume transport is a minimum, but this is an artifact of the sampling epoch. This negative relationship is most pronounced for 1979-1981 when transport is characterized as unimodal, but for 1984-1985 and 1987 the Loop Current and volume transport are more in phase, bimodal, and transport and position tend to have more semiannual energy. In this subseasonal band, the volume transport undergoes a significant change in the phase of its annual cycle after 1985 as compared with 1977-1984. For the twelve years considered in this study, the ensemble correlation between monthly position of the Loop Current and volume transport is essentially zero. C1 SCI APPLICAT INT CORP,RALEIGH,NC. RP MAUL, GA (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV PHYS OCEANOG,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Maul, George/M-1629-2015 OI Maul, George/0000-0001-8413-7853 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 785 EP 796 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0785:TRBVIT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LB822 UT WOS:A1993LB82200001 ER PT J AU MISAKIAN, M AF MISAKIAN, M TI COIL PROBE DIMENSION AND UNCERTAINTIES DURING MEASUREMENTS OF NONUNIFORM ELF MAGNETIC-FIELDS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE APPLIANCE; COIL PROBE; DIPOLE FIELD; MAGNETIC FIELD; MEASUREMENT; MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY; POWER FREQUENCY; RESIDENTIAL; TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS; WORK PLACE ID EXPOSURE AB Comparisons are made between the calculated average magnetic flux density for single-axis and three-axis circular coil probes and the calculated magnetic flux density at the center of the probes. The results, which are determined assuming a dipole magnetic field, provide information on the uncertainty associated with measurements of nonuniform extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields produced by some electrical appliances and other electrical equipment. RP MISAKIAN, M (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.6028/jres.098.024 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500001 PM 28053475 ER PT J AU MA, MT ADAMS, JW AF MA, MT ADAMS, JW TI CHARACTERISTICS OF UNKNOWN LINEAR-SYSTEMS DEDUCED FROM MEASURED CW MAGNITUDE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HILBERT TRANSFORM; IMPULSE RESPONSE; LAPLACE TRANSFORM; LINEAR SYSTEM; MINIMUM PHASE; SYSTEM TRANSFER FUNCTION AB A method is presented for predicting the total response, in both frequency and time, of an unknown linear system when only the measured continuous wave (cw) magnitude is available. The approach is based on approximating the square of the measured magnitude by a rational function, from which various system transfer functions in terms of complex frequency are deduced. These transfer functions may or may not be at minimum phase. The corresponding impulse response is then obtained by taking the inverse Laplace transform of the transfer function. The impulse response of the minimum-phase case rises faster initially to its first maximum than the nonminimum-phase counterparts. This result confirms that, for the same cw magnitude response, the accumulative energy contained in the impulse response is the greatest when the transfer function is at minimum phase. Physical meaning of the energy content is also discussed. RP MA, MT (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 297 EP 319 DI 10.6028/jres.098.025 PG 23 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500002 PM 28053476 ER PT J AU BALZAR, D AF BALZAR, D TI X-RAY-DIFFRACTION LINE BROADENING - MODELING AND APPLICATIONS TO HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE DIFFRACTION LINE BROADENING; LATTICE DEFECTS; PROFILE FITTING; SUPERCONDUCTORS; VOIGT FUNCTION; WARREN-AVERBACH ANALYSIS; X-RAY DIFFRACTION ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; DIRECT CONVOLUTION PRODUCTS; PATTERN FITTING ALGORITHMS; CU-O SUPERCONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; VOIGT FUNCTION; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; MODULATED STRUCTURE AB A method to analyze powder-diffraction line broadening is proposed and applied to some novel high-T(c) superconductors. Assuming that both size-broadened and strain-broadened profiles of the pure-specimen profile are described with a Voigt function, it is shown that the analysis of Fourier coefficients leads to the Warren-Averbach method of separation of size and strain contributions. The analysis of size coefficients shows that the ''hook'' effect occurs when the Cauchy content of the size-broadened profile is underestimated. The ratio of volume-weighted and surface-weighted domain sizes can change from approximately 1.31 for the minimum allowed Cauchy content to 2 when the size-broadened profile is given solely by a Cauchy function. If the distortion coefficient is approximated by a harmonic term, mean-square strains decrease linearly with the increase of the averaging distance. The local strain is finite only in the case of pure-Gauss strain broadening because strains are then independent of averaging distance. Errors of root-mean-square strains as well as domain sizes were evaluated. The method was applied to two cubic structures with average volume-weighted domain sizes up to 3600 angstrom as well as to tetragonal and orthorhombic (La-Sr)2CuO4, which exhibit weak line broadenings and highly overlapping reflections. Comparison with the integral-breadth methods is given. Reliability of the method is discussed in the case of a cluster of the overlapping peaks. The analysis of La2CuO4 and La1.85M0.15CuO4(M=Ca, Ba, Sr) high-T(c) superconductors showed that microstrains and incoherently diffracting domain sizes are highly anisotropic. In the superconductors, stacking-fault probability increases with increasing T(c); microstrain decreases. In La2CuO4, different broadening of (h00) and (0k0) reflections is not caused by stacking faults; it might arise from lower crystallographic symmetry. The analysis of Bi-Cu-O superconductors showed much higher strains in the [001] direction than in the basal a-b plane. This may be caused by stacking disorder along the c-axis, because of the two-dimensional weakly bonded BiO double layers. Results for the specimen containing two related high-T(c) phases indicate a possible mechanism for the phase transformation by the growth of faulted regions of the major phase. RP NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 174 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 16 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 321 EP 353 DI 10.6028/jres.098.026 PG 33 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500003 PM 28053477 ER PT J AU CRAFT, NE EPLER, KS BUTLER, TA MAY, WE ZIEGLER, RG AF CRAFT, NE EPLER, KS BUTLER, TA MAY, WE ZIEGLER, RG TI EVALUATION OF SERUM VOLUME LOSSES DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DENSITY; LONG-TERM STORAGE; SERUM; SODIUM; SUBLIMATION; VOLUME LOSS ID CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; WHITE WOMEN; DIET; RISK AB Aliquots of serum collected in a large case-control study of cervical cancer were stored at -70-degrees-C for up to 4 years during implementation of the study. When 500 muL serum aliquots were thawed in preparation for carotenoid and vitamin A assays, volumes were noticeably variable and fell below 500 muL in the majority of the samples. We were concerned about evaporation/sublimation during storage of the samples because loss of water would concentrate the analytes of interest. We evaluated the use of density and sodium ion concentration measurements to confirm its occurrence. We found that serum density was an unreliable indicator of extent of volume loss since the anticipated increases in density due to evaporation were of the same magnitude as inter-individual variation in serum density. In contrast, Na+ concentration is tightly regulated and would rise if water bad been lost from the samples. In a representative sample of serum aliquots from the case-control study, 24 of 25 vials contained less than 500 muL of serum. The mean sodium ion concentration (138.1+/-3.6 mmol/L) was within the normal range for human serum of 136-145 mmol/L, and no correlation was observed between serum volume and Na+ concentration. These results strongly suggest that the observed low volumes were not due to evaporative losses. Instead, the variably low volumes of serum aliquots were probably due to pipetting errors in the initial aliquotting resulting from the use of air-displacement pipettes. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NCI, ENVIRONM & EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, DIV CANC ETIOL, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP CRAFT, NE (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, ORGAN ANALYT RES DIV, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 355 EP 359 DI 10.6028/jres.098.027 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500004 PM 28053478 ER PT J AU CAGE, ME AF CAGE, ME TI DEPENDENCE OF QUANTIZED HALL-EFFECT BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE ON MAGNETIC-FIELD AND CURRENT SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BREAKDOWN; INTER-LANDAU LEVEL SCATTERING; QUANTIZED DISSIPATION; QUANTIZED VOLTAGE STATES; QUANTUM HALL EFFECT; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON GAS ID QUANTUM; DISSIPATION; REGIME; STATES AB When large currents are passed through a high-quality quantized Hall resistance device the voltage drop along the device is observed to assume discrete, quantized states if the voltage is plotted versus the magnetic field. These quantized dissipative voltage states are interpreted as occurring when electrons are excited to higher Landau levels and then return to the original Landau level. The quantization is found to be, in general, both a function of magnetic field and current. Consequently, it can be more difficult to verify and determine dissipative voltage quantization than previously suspected. RP CAGE, ME (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB, DIV ELECT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 361 EP 373 DI 10.6028/jres.098.028 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500005 PM 28053479 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, A BEETZ, C KLOCEK, P LU, G AF FELDMAN, A BEETZ, C KLOCEK, P LU, G TI WORKSHOP ON CHARACTERIZING DIAMOND FILMS-II - GAITHERSBURG, MD FEBRUARY 24-25, 1993 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ADV TECHNOL MAT, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC, DALLAS, TX 75265 USA. NORTON DIAMOND FILM, NORTHBOROUGH, MA 01532 USA. RP FELDMAN, A (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.6028/jres.098.029 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500006 PM 28053480 ER PT J AU DAPKUNAS, SJ AF DAPKUNAS, SJ TI NIST-INDUSTRY WORKSHOP ON THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS RESEARCH - GAITHERSBURG, MD JULY 20, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP DAPKUNAS, SJ (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 98 IS 3 BP 383 EP 389 DI 10.6028/jres.098.030 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LQ765 UT WOS:A1993LQ76500007 PM 28053481 ER PT J AU ROTH, RS RAWN, CJ LINDSAY, CG WONGNG, W AF ROTH, RS RAWN, CJ LINDSAY, CG WONGNG, W TI PHASE-EQUILIBRIA AND CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY OF THE BINARY AND TERNARY BARIUM POLYTITANATES AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF THE BARIUM ZINC POLYTITANATES SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM BAO-TIO2-NB2O5; BA2TI9O20 RP ROTH, RS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 104 IS 1 BP 99 EP 118 DI 10.1006/jssc.1993.1145 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LC089 UT WOS:A1993LC08900011 ER PT J AU GILLEN, G HUES, SM AF GILLEN, G HUES, SM TI DOPED GELATIN FILMS AS A MODEL MATRIX FOR MOLECULAR SECONDARY ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY STUDIES OF BIOLOGICAL SOFT-TISSUE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB Porcine gelatin films doped with a number of biological compounds at various concentrations and prepared by spin-casting have been used as model biological tissue matrices for studying organic ion emission in molecular secondary ion mass spectrometry. For many compounds, portions of the working curves were found to be linear over several orders of magnitude in concentration. Detection limits for the analyzed compounds were in the parts per million range for several organic salt compounds but high (0.1 wt%) for others. Owing to the presence of a significant chemical background, the poorest detection limits were generally obtained from compounds with low molecular weights. Secondary ion yield matrix effects, indicated by a reduction in ionization efficiency at higher concentrations, were observed for several organic salt compounds. C1 USN,RES LAB,DIV CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20375. RP GILLEN, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1016/1044-0305(93)85007-K PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA KZ714 UT WOS:A1993KZ71400007 PM 24234939 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF IRIKURA, KK JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI 2-PHOTON RYDBERG SERIES IN ATOMIC BORON SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM; DIAMOND; IONS AB The one-color, 2+1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectrum of boron atoms (2p 2P(j)degrees) is studied between 304 and 350 nm. The most intense peak is at 346.10 nm for 4p 2P(J)degrees <-- <-- 2p 2P3/2-degrees. The recorded spectrum includes a new np Rydberg series. We report laser wavelengths and new atomic energy levels and suggest 2+1 REMPI as a convenient method for the detection of atomic boron. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 763 EP 764 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.10.000763 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA LA891 UT WOS:A1993LA89100001 ER PT J AU DEILAMIAN, K GILLASPY, JD KELLEHER, DE AF DEILAMIAN, K GILLASPY, JD KELLEHER, DE TI ISOTOPE SHIFTS AND HYPERFINE SPLITTINGS OF THE 398.8-NM YB I-LINE SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION LASER SPECTROSCOPY; TRAPPED YTTERBIUM IONS; ATOMS AB We report the first observation to our knowledge of the 6s2 1S0-6s6p 1P1-degrees transition (398.8 nm) of Yb-168. The relative position of this spectral line was directly determined by using a laser sideband technique to simultaneously probe pairs of lines. The hyperfine structure of Yb-171 and the isotope shifts of Yb-170, Yb-171, and Yb-174 were determined to an accuracy of better than 6 MHz and found to differ by as much as 23 MHz from previous results. By using photon-burst spectroscopy to carry out these measurements we obtained subnatural linewidths and fully resolved the Yb-170 and Yb-171 lines, which otherwise overlap in fluorescence. C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV ATOM PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.10.000789 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA LA891 UT WOS:A1993LA89100005 ER PT J AU SUGAR, J KAUFMAN, V ROWAN, WL AF SUGAR, J KAUFMAN, V ROWAN, WL TI OBSERVATION OF PD-LIKE RESONANCE LINES THROUGH PT32+ AND ZN-LIKE RESONANCE LINES OF ER38+ AND HF42+ SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; WAVELENGTHS AB Spectra of highly ionized Er, Yb, Hf, W, and Pt were observed by injecting these elements into the plasma of the TEXT tokamak. Resonance lines of the 4d10-4d(9)f transition array in the Pd I isoelectronic sequence were identified by comparison with plots of observed-minus-calculated transition energies. These plots were based on data previously known through Ho21+. They were fitted to low-order polynomials that permitted accurate predictions of wavelengths to Bi37+. In addition, resonance lines of Zn-like Er38+ and Hf42+ were observed. C1 UNIV TEXAS,FUS RES CTR,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP SUGAR, J (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 799 EP 801 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.10.000799 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA LA891 UT WOS:A1993LA89100007 ER PT J AU ZHU, M HALL, JL AF ZHU, M HALL, JL TI STABILIZATION OF OPTICAL-PHASE FREQUENCY OF A LASER SYSTEM - APPLICATION TO A COMMERCIAL DYE-LASER WITH AN EXTERNAL STABILIZER SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; CAVITY AB We present a comprehensive and quasi-tutorial review of the theory for analyzing the optical power spectrum of an optical field that has noise modulations of both the amplitude and the phase. We also present experimental results of the frequency stabilization of a commercial dye laser to a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity (0.49-Hz resulting full linewidth) and of the optical phase locking of the dye laser to a second reference laser (putting 97% of the optical power into the carrier) using an external stabilizer scheme. This external optical phase/frequency stabilization technique can be applied to virtually any cw laser system. C1 UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL, DIV QUANTUM PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 55 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 28 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 EI 1520-8540 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 802 EP 816 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.10.000802 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA LA891 UT WOS:A1993LA89100008 ER PT J AU CHOUDHARY, L VARMA, DS VARMA, IK WANG, FW AF CHOUDHARY, L VARMA, DS VARMA, IK WANG, FW TI THERMAL-BEHAVIOR OF METHYL-METHACRYLATE AND N-PHENYL MALEIMIDE COPOLYMERS SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE COPOLYMERS; METHYL METHACRYLATE; N-PHENYL MALEIMIDE ID OXIDATIVE-DEGRADATION; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYMERIZATIONS; WEIGHT AB The paper describes the synthesis and characterization of six copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N-phenyl maleimide (NPM). Thermal stability of PMMA was markedly improved by incorporation of even a very low mole fraction of NPM in the backbone. An increase in mole fraction of NPM from 0.0979 to 0.4766 only marginally affected thermal stability. C1 INDIAN INST TECHNOL,CTR MAT SCI & TECHNOL,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. N EASTERN REG INST SCI & TECHNOL,ITANAGAR,ARUNACHAL PRADE,INDIA. US DEPT COMMERCE,NBS,DIV POLYMERS,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0368-4466 J9 J THERM ANAL JI J. Therm. Anal. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 5 BP 633 EP 642 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA LJ496 UT WOS:A1993LJ49600011 ER PT J AU CHESTER, MJ JACH, T DAGATA, JA AF CHESTER, MJ JACH, T DAGATA, JA TI X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON AND AUGER-ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY STUDY OF ULTRAVIOLET OZONE OXIDIZED, P2S5(NH4)2S TREATED GAAS(100) SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID GAAS-SURFACES; PASSIVATION; CONTACTS; OXIDES AB In this report we discuss the results of a study undertaken to investigate the composition and thermal stability of ultraviolet/ozone oxidized, P2S5/(NH4)2S treated GaAs(100) surfaces. In particular, we have used x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy to probe the oxide and interface at room temperature and as a function of annealing temperature. The room temperature data indicate that S is buried between the oxide overlayer and the GaAs substrate. This oxide contains a variety of As and Ga bonding configurations which, after moderate annealing, are transformed into thermally more stable phases, such as As2O3 and Ga2O3. Complete desorption of the oxide occurs after annealing at 600-degrees-C. Annealing the as-oxidized surface to high temperatures also has a profound effect on the S. Heating the sample to 495-degrees-C causes some S to diffuse towards the oxide surface, while annealing at higher temperatures leads to S diffusion into the GaAs substrate. Even after complete desorption of the O, a small amount of S remains embedded in the GaAs lattice. RP CHESTER, MJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.1116/1.578759 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA LD997 UT WOS:A1993LD99700003 ER PT J AU STUTZIN, GC ROZSA, K GALLAGHER, A AF STUTZIN, GC ROZSA, K GALLAGHER, A TI DEPOSITION RATES IN DIRECT-CURRENT DIODE SPUTTERING SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; CATHODE; THERMALIZATION; COLLISIONS; NEUTRALS; ENERGIES; FLUXES; ATOMS; IONS AB A physical model for anode deposition rates in parallel-plate, dc-diode sputtering is presented and tested. The deposition rate has been measured as a function of the discharge voltage, the anode-cathode gap and the pressure, using silicon or molybdenum cathodes with argon. Deposition rates as high as 23 angstrom/s were obtained using 3 kV, and it is shown that deposition efficiency is similar to that obtained with magnetrons. The deposition rate varies inversely with anode-cathode gap at constant pressure and voltage and almost linearly with power density for discharge voltages above a threshold which depends on the cathode material. These observations are explained by the model, which can be used to estimate the deposition rates for any cathode material and gas for which the ion sputtering yields are known. Potential advantages and complications of dc diode sputtering for thin film deposition are discussed, and optimum conditions for high, uniform deposition rates are described. C1 CENT RES INST PHYS,H-1525 BUDAPEST 114,HUNGARY. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1116/1.578786 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA LD997 UT WOS:A1993LD99700030 ER PT J AU BASFORD, JA BOECKMANN, MD ELLEFSON, RE FILIPPELLI, AR HOLKEBOER, DH LIESZKOVSZKY, L STUPAK, CM AF BASFORD, JA BOECKMANN, MD ELLEFSON, RE FILIPPELLI, AR HOLKEBOER, DH LIESZKOVSZKY, L STUPAK, CM TI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE CALIBRATION OF MASS SPECTROMETERS FOR PARTIAL-PRESSURE ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID SPINNING ROTOR GAUGE; RESIDUAL-GAS ANALYZER; VACUUM GAUGES; STANDARD; SENSITIVITY; DRAG AB This Recommended Practice addresses issues involved in the use of partial pressure analyzers (PPAs) for quantitative analysis and describes recommended apparatus and procedures for determining resolution and sensitivity of a PPA so that the instrument can be used quantitatively for partial pressure, partial flow and gas composition analysis. This updates previous material in the AVS Standard 2.3-1972 (tentative) by including reference to current pressure transfer standards and computer controlled PPAs. This document presents an introduction to PPAs and how they work, definitions pertinent to the use of PPAs, equipment needed for calibration, instrument setup prior to calibration and the measurement of sensitivity and linearity by various methods. Four methods of calibration of a PPA are described as follows: (1) the direct comparison of the PPA output with a transfer standard pressure gauge, (2) the indirect comparison of PPA readings with readings of a transfer standard pressure gauge separated by a flow restriction (pressure divider method), (3) comparison of the PPA output with the calculated pressure generated in an orifice-flow system, and (4) calibration of the PPA response to known gas flow rates. The first three methods may be carried out on a test stand of suitable design or in situ. The fourth method requires that the pumping speed during calibration be the same as the pumping speed during use, and normally implies that the PPA is calibrated in situ. Discussion on gas interactions, sources of nonlinearity, stability of sensitivity and quality assurance methods is given. C1 VACUUM TECHNOL INC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. EG&G MOUND APPL TECHNOL,MIAMISBURG,OH 45343. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. LEYBOLD INFICON INC,E SYRACUSE,NY 13057. TUNGSRAM LTD,BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. VG INSTRUMENTS,CAMARILLO,CA 93011. RP BASFORD, JA (reprint author), MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYST INC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 45 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP A22 EP A40 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA LD997 UT WOS:A1993LD99700001 ER PT J AU THOMPSON, PE TWIGG, ME GODBEY, DJ HOBART, KD SIMONS, DS AF THOMPSON, PE TWIGG, ME GODBEY, DJ HOBART, KD SIMONS, DS TI LOW-TEMPERATURE CLEANING PROCESSES FOR SI MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH NORTH AMERICAN CONF ON MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY CY OCT 12-14, 1992 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP AMER VACUUM SOC ID HYDROGEN TERMINATION; SILICON; SURFACE AB Hydrogen-terminated surface cleaning techniques of silicon substrates were investigated by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Either a 4% HF dip or an HF-terminated abbreviated Shiraki clean was used as the cleaning technique. Shiraki-cleaned samples were grown as control samples. XPS was used to measure the C, O, and F remaining on the surface at various stages of the cleaning/growth process, including after a 1 h bake at 200-degrees-C prior to growth. XPS did not detect a significant difference in the adsorbate concentrations between the baked and unbaked samples. From SIMS, the lowest impurity concentrations at the epitaxial/substrate interface were achieved with the abbreviated Shiraki clean, approximately at the same levels as obtained with the standard Shiraki clean, 1.3X10(13), 5.4X10(12), 1.6X10(10), and 4.2X10(11)/cM2 for C, O, F, and N, respectively. This was achieved without the 850-degrees-C anneal required to desorb the oxide on the Shiraki-cleaned samples. The epitaxial structure chosen for the TEM study was a 30 nm Si buffer grown at 650-degrees-C followed by a 60 nm Si0.7Ge0.3 quantum well and a 250 nm Si layer, both grown at 500-degrees-C. The structures were observed both as-grown and after a 850-degrees-C, 1/2 h anneal used to study defect propagation. There were no detectable differences in the as-grown structures using plan-view TEM. However when the samples were annealed, the HF-dipped specimen developed inclusions in the top Si layer which were not observed in the other samples. In contrast, the prebaked HF-dip-cleaned sample did not have these defects when annealed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP THOMPSON, PE (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECTR SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6812,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1077 EP 1082 DI 10.1116/1.587011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA LH228 UT WOS:A1993LH22800120 ER PT J AU HOBART, KD GODBEY, DJ THOMPSON, PE SIMONS, DS AF HOBART, KD GODBEY, DJ THOMPSON, PE SIMONS, DS TI SB SURFACE SEGREGATION DURING HEAVY DOPING OF SI(100) GROWN AT LOW-TEMPERATURE BY MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH NORTH AMERICAN CONF ON MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY CY OCT 12-14, 1992 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP AMER VACUUM SOC ID SILICON; LAYERS AB Sb surface segregation and doping during Si(100) molecular beam epitaxy at low temperature have been studied by depth profiling with secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. We find that at a growth temperature near 320-degrees-C complete donor activation and doping densities near 5 X 10(20) CM-3 are obtainable. For temperatures between 320-500-degrees-C, measurements point to the existence of distinct surface segregation regimes. For dilute surface and bulk Sb concentrations the measurements reveal a region where the surface segregation is constant and bulk and surface concentrations are linearly related. For bulk concentrations near the solid solubility limit, the surface segregation increases rapidly with increasing bulk concentration for temperatures between 350-450-degrees-C. Finally, for Sb-saturated surfaces the surface segregation actually decreases, and doping levels exceeding the solid solubility limit are possible. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HOBART, KD (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,DIV ELECTR SCI & TECHNOL,CODE 6812,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1115 EP 1119 DI 10.1116/1.586823 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA LH228 UT WOS:A1993LH22800127 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, SA GARDNER, WS AF FITZGERALD, SA GARDNER, WS TI AN ALGAL CARBON BUDGET FOR PELAGIC-BENTHIC COUPLING IN LAKE-MICHIGAN SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DEPOSIT-FEEDING AMPHIPOD; PONTOPOREIA-HOYI; ANAEROBIC MINERALIZATION; SPRING BLOOM; RATES; SEDIMENTATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; BIOMASS; MACROINVERTEBRATES; DETRITIVORES AB A budget for algal carbon was constructed to quantify the magnitude and major pathways of pelagic-benthic coupling at a site in southeastern Lake Michigan. The flux of algal C to the benthos and the rate of carbon burial were estimated from sediment traps and dated sediment cores, respectively. Assimilation and respiration rates of Diporeia sp., an abundant benthic amphipod, and of sediment microheterotrophs were measured in a microcosm study with C-14-labeled algae (Melosira italica). Melosira (italica and islandica) accounted for 53% of the algal C flux to the sediments. Radionuclide concentrations indicated no net sediment burial of organic C. Of the total C assimilated by Diporeia, 60% was respired, 35% was incorporated into biomass, and 5% was accounted for as soluble dissolved organic compounds. The areal rate of Diporeia respiration (29 nmol C cm-2 d-1) was 23 times greater than that for sediment bacteria (1.3 nmol C cm-2 d-1). Release of radioisotope in the form of dissolved organic compounds was much lower than that incorporated and respired for both Diporeia and sediment bacteria. Of the 61 mmol C M-2 of algal C estimated to be deposited during the spring bloom, Diporeia assimilation accounted for 61%, significantly more than the 2% observed for microbially mediated algal decomposition. These observations support the hypothesis of a strong pelagic-benthic energy coupling between the spring diatom bloom and Diporeia in Lake Michigan. C1 NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 49 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3 BP 547 EP 560 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LK314 UT WOS:A1993LK31400006 ER PT J AU TSITSATZARDIS, E PATTERSON, GW WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK HARRISON, D AF TSITSATZARDIS, E PATTERSON, GW WIKFORS, GH GLADU, PK HARRISON, D TI STEROLS OF CHAETOCEROS AND SKELETONEMA SO LIPIDS LA English DT Note ID OSTREA-EDULIS L; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; OYSTER; PHYTOPLANKTON; GROWTH; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Dietary sterol is required by the oyster for growth, and sterol is believed to be obtained primarily from dietary phytoplankton. Seven isolates of Chaetoceros and one of Skeletonema, which are of potential use as oyster food, were analyzed for sterol composition using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Skeletonema and five isolates of Chaetoceros contained cholesterol as their major sterol. Two other isolates of Chaetoceros also contained cholesterol, but 24-methylenecholesterol was the principal sterol. Cholesterol has rarely been reported as the major sterol from phytoplankton. In view of the widespread occurrence of Skeletonema and Chaetoceros in the marine environment, these algae could be an important source of the oyster's cholesterol. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT PHARM,COLL PK,MD 20742. LINDSEY WILSON COLL,DEPT BIOL,COLUMBIA,KY 42728. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD,CT 06460. USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAY PY 1993 VL 28 IS 5 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1007/BF02535946 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LC582 UT WOS:A1993LC58200016 ER PT J AU BISBAL, GA AF BISBAL, GA TI FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ON THE PATAGONIAN SHELF - A DECADE AFTER THE 1982 FALKLANDS MALVINAS CONFLICT SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-NATIONS CONVENTION; LAW; SEA AB The armed conflict between Argentina and the UK over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) early in 1982, has had significant consequences on the shelf area off Patagonia. The military strategies and policies developed by both countries during and after the war created unclear limits and jurisdictions, thus delaying managerial actions and regulation enforcement over the fishing resources of the area. Several foreign fishing fleets operating in the region have taken advantage of the lack of protective legislation and recognized authority, resulting in overfishing of species such as squid and hake. Implementation of significant measures to regulate and control fishing activities has been linked to a complex array of international, regional, national, and zonal issues. The emerging management efforts, their political and economic significance, and their consequences for the fisheries on the Patagonian shelf are examined in this study. RP BISBAL, GA (reprint author), NOAA,INT AFFAIRS OFF,14TH & CONSTITUT NW,ROOM 5230,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 77 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1016/0308-597X(93)90078-H PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA LQ091 UT WOS:A1993LQ09100005 ER PT J AU DEBIEVRE, P DELAETER, JR PEISER, HS REED, WP AF DEBIEVRE, P DELAETER, JR PEISER, HS REED, WP TI REFERENCE MATERIALS BY ISOTOPE RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC WEIGHT; REFERENCE SAMPLE; DILUTION ANALYSES; ABUNDANCE RATIOS; HALF-LIFE; ELEMENTS; ACCURACY; CALCIUM; SERUM C1 CURTIN UNIV TECHNOL,DEPT APPL PHYS,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP DEBIEVRE, P (reprint author), COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,JOINT RES CTR,INST REFERENCE MAT,B-2440 GEEL,BELGIUM. NR 67 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0277-7037 J9 MASS SPECTROM REV JI Mass Spectrom. Rev. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 143 EP 172 DI 10.1002/mas.1280120302 PG 30 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA MN618 UT WOS:A1993MN61800001 ER PT J AU GARBOCZI, EJ AF GARBOCZI, EJ TI COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE OF CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID INTERFACIAL ZONE; SIMULATION AB This paper describes recent research and theoretical results obtained for cement-based materials using computational materials science techniques. Computer-generated microstructure models are used to simulate the microstructure development during hydration, and exact algorithms are applied to these models to compute experimentally verifiable physical properties. Good agreement is found between experimental and simulation results. RP GARBOCZI, EJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BLDG MAT,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,226 B348,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU R I L E M PI CACHAN PA PAVILLON DES JARDINS, 61 AV DU PRESIDENT WILSON, 94235 CACHAN, FRANCE SN 0025-5432 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 26 IS 158 BP 191 EP 195 DI 10.1007/BF02472611 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA LC776 UT WOS:A1993LC77600001 ER PT J AU KUNTZ, TA WADLEY, HNG BLACK, DR AF KUNTZ, TA WADLEY, HNG BLACK, DR TI RESIDUAL STRAIN GRADIENT DETERMINATION IN METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES BY SYNCHROTRON X-RAY-ENERGY DISPERSIVE DIFFRACTION SO METALLURGICAL TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC ANALYSIS; EUTECTIC COMPOSITES; THERMAL-STRESS AB An X-ray technique for the measurement of internal residual strain gradients near the continuous reinforcements of metal matrix composites has been investigated. The technique utilizes high intensity white X-ray radiation from a synchrotron radiation source to obtain energy spectra from small (10(-3) mm3) volumes deep within composite samples. The energy peak positions satisfy Bragg's law and allow determination of the lattice parameter. As the probe volume is translated, the peaks of the spectra shift and are used to infer lattice spacing changes and thus strains with a precision of 10(-3) to 10(-4) (depending on the sample grain size/probe volume ratio). The viability of the technique has first been tested using a model system with 800 mum Al2O3 fibers and a commercial purity titanium matrix. For this system (which remained elastic on cooling), good agreement was observed between the measured residual radial and hoop strain gradients and those estimated from a simple elastic concentric cylinders model. The technique was then used to assess the strains near (SCS-6) silicon carbide fibers in a Ti-14Al-21Nb matrix after consolidation processing. Reasonable agreement between measured and calculated strains was seen provided the probe volume was located 50 mum or more from the fiber/matrix interface. Close to the interface, the measured elastic strains were smaller than anticipated, due to relaxation of the residual stress by plasticity and radial cracking during sample cooling. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT MAT SCI, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP APTECH ENGN SERV INC, SUNNYVALE, CA 94088 USA. NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0360-2133 J9 METALL TRANS A PD MAY PY 1993 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1117 EP 1124 DI 10.1007/BF02657242 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA LA785 UT WOS:A1993LA78500012 ER PT J AU BRANDES, EA ZIEGLER, CL AF BRANDES, EA ZIEGLER, CL TI MESOSCALE DOWNDRAFT INFLUENCES ON VERTICAL VORTICITY IN A MATURE MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 10-11 JUNE 1985; MIDLATITUDE SQUALL LINE; WARM-CORE VORTEX; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MID-LATITUDE; PRE-STORM; AIR-FLOW; COMPLEX; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION AB The vorticity dynamics of a lower-tropospheric mesovortex within a mature mesoscale convective system (MCS) is investigated with observations from a special sounding network and with dual-Doppler radar measurements. The data show that the vorticity distribution and tendency were dictated by the mesoscale downdraft, which formed within the storm's trailing stratiform region, and not by the mesoscale updraft. At midlevels, preexisting vertical vorticity was amplified by convergence as environmental air overtook the storm from the rear and funneled into the evaporatively cooled mesoscale downdraft. Vertical vorticity within the stratiform region also increased by the twisting of horizontal vorticity associated with a backing wind. The horizontal vorticity vector pointed opposite the velocity vector and tipped into positive vertical vorticity when the flow encountered the mesoscale downdraft. At lower-middle storm levels the twisted vorticity was subsequently amplified by convergence along with preexisting vertical vorticity. Below 2 km, vorticity decreased largely in response to horizontal divergence. C1 NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NORMAN,OK 73069. NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1353 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1337:MDIOVV>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LA327 UT WOS:A1993LA32700006 ER PT J AU OVERLAND, JE BOND, N AF OVERLAND, JE BOND, N TI THE INFLUENCE OF COASTAL OROGRAPHY - THE YAKUTAT STORM SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OCEAN DYNAMICS EXPERIMENT; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARINE LAYER; AIR; MOUNTAINS; CYCLOGENESIS; ATMOSPHERE; BARRIER; REGION AB An unforecast windstorm in the vicinity of Yakutat, Alaska, on 14 March 1979 illustrates the importance of ageostrophic dynamics within a coastal zone proximal to significant terrain. Large pressure rises [greater than 4 mb (3 h)-1] were observed along the southeastern Alaska coast after passage of a cold front when the low-level geostrophic flow was directed onshore. These pressure rises did not occur simultaneously along the coast, but rather propagated northward along the coast as a coherent pulse or surge. Strong surface winds (approximately 25-30 m s-1) were observed in the region of large sea level pressure gradient at the leading edge of the surge and occurred after the passage of the synoptic front. Although the sparseness of the observations prevent definite conclusions, this feature resembles a Kelvin wave more than a density current. Omega dropwindsonde observations collected along the coast of Alaska during two other, less dramatic, situations suggest damming and downslope flow structures important to the interpretation of the Yakutat storm. Coastal semigeostrophic dynamics, that is, an ageostrophic momentum balance in the alongshore direction, occurs when the coastal mountains are hydrodynamically steep. The steep regime is defined by the nondimensional slope (h(m)/l(m))(N/f) > 1, where h(m) is mountain height, l(m) is mountain half-width, N is the static stability for the incident flow, and f is the Coriolis parameter. For typical values of N approximately 10(-2) s-1, the coast is wall-like when h(m)/l(m) > 0.01. Given a wall-like nature of the coast, trapped isolated mesoscale features, with an offshore length scale given by a Rossby radius of O(100 km), propagate alongshore ageostrophically due to a combination of Kelvin waves, density currents, or forced response. To correctly forecast in the coastal zone, numerical weather prediction models must qualitatively resolve terrain slopes so that the modeled dynamics are in the correct semigeostrophic or quasigeostrophic hydrodynamic regime. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, JOINT INST STUDY ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. RP NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, BLDG 3, 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1388 EP 1397 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1388:TIOCOT>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LA327 UT WOS:A1993LA32700009 ER PT J AU MATHUR, MB RUESS, J AF MATHUR, MB RUESS, J TI FURTHER EVALUATION OF THE QUASI-LAGRANGIAN MODELS FORECAST TRACK GUIDANCE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE AB A comparison is presented Of the forecast track errors in the 1990 North Atlantic hurricane season cases from three operational models. The Quasi-Lagrangian Model (QLM) is a baroclinic model. The National Hurricane Center Model 1990 (NHC90) is an advanced statistical-dynamical model, and CLIPER (climatology and persistence) is a simple statistical model that uses only climatology and persistence. Mean errors over the season were smaller in the QLM than in the NHC90 or CLIPER. The forecasts were also divided into several 5-degrees-10-degrees latitude zones based on the initial storm latitude. The mean errors in the QLM were the smallest in many zones after the first 12 h. Mean forecast track errors in some storms are presented to show the variation in the performance of the models from one storm to another. Individual cases in these storms are also discussed to gain further insight into the relative accuracy of the models. The QLM generally performed better than the NHC90 and CLIPER for storms that moved northward or had unusual tracks. The analysis and forecasts of an operational global model are used to derive the QLM initial state and for prediction over QLM lateral boundary points, respectively. Both the global analysis and forecast programs were modified in 1991. It is shown that the performance of the QLM relative to the CLIPER and NHC90 was not altered despite the changes in the global model. RP MATHUR, MB (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,DIV DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1514 EP 1530 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1514:FEOTQL>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LA327 UT WOS:A1993LA32700016 ER PT J AU XU, Q DAVIESJONES, R AF XU, Q DAVIESJONES, R TI BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS FOR THE PSI EQUATIONS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID OMEGA-EQUATION; CIRCULATIONS AB This paper examines admissible boundary conditions for the quasigeostrophic psi equations that govern ageostrophic motion. Both the essential (Dirichlet-type) and natural (Neumann-type) admissible boundary conditions are derived from the variational formulations of the psi equations. Different ways of extracting the admissible boundary values from observational data are proposed. C1 NOAA,ERL,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP XU, Q (reprint author), UNIV OKLAHOMA,CIMMS,100 E BOYD,RM 1110,NORMAN,OK 73019, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 121 IS 5 BP 1566 EP 1571 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1566:BCFTPE>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LA327 UT WOS:A1993LA32700019 ER PT J AU FINE, J SZYMONSKI, M KOLODZIEJ, J YOSHITAKE, M FRANZREB, K AF FINE, J SZYMONSKI, M KOLODZIEJ, J YOSHITAKE, M FRANZREB, K TI SODIUM DEEXCITATION SPECTRA AT ION-BOMBARDED SODIUM-HALIDE SURFACES SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INELASTIC ION-SURFACE COLLISIONS ( IISC-9 ) CY SEP 14-18, 1992 CL AUSSOIS, FRANCE SP EUROPEAN PHYS SOC, MINIST RECH ESPACE FRANCE, MINIST EDUC NATL FRANCE, CNRS, DIRECT ETUDE TECH ID AUGER-ELECTRON EMISSION; ATOM COLLISIONS; AL; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; DECAY; NA+ AB Electron emission spectra observed on collisionally excited sodium halide surfaces indicate that the sodium deexcitation process in ionic solids is more complex than that in metallic sodium. The spectra for the sodium halides can be interpreted in the context of a collisional deexcitation model in which the charge state of the excited sodium determines the deexcitation process. Electron capture, which can only occur when an excited sodium ion collides with a static lattice ion, dominates this deexcitation process and is direCtly responsible for the observed spectra. C1 NATL RES INST MET,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. JAGELLONIAN UNIV,INST PHYS,PL-30549 KRAKOW,POLAND. RP FINE, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 1993 VL 78 IS 1-4 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95788-7 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LE969 UT WOS:A1993LE96900021 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, MH TOMBRELLO, TA FINE, J AF SHAPIRO, MH TOMBRELLO, TA FINE, J TI A MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF COLLISIONAL EXCITATION MECHANISMS IN AL SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID AUGER-ELECTRON EMISSION; ASYMMETRIC COLLISIONS; ION ENERGY; AR+; SI; BOMBARDMENT; ALUMINUM; YIELDS; MODEL; ARGON AB A modified version of the SPUT2 molecular dynamics sputtering code was used to reinvestigate core excitation in Al atoms following bombardment with 1-5 keV Ar+ ions. For all bombarding energies, asymmetric collisions between the incoming ion and target atoms yielded smaller minimum distances-of-closest-approach between the collision partners for hard collisions than did symmetric collisions between pairs of target atoms. Simple critical distance-of-closest-approach models were used to estimate core excitation for both asymmetric and symmetric collisions. A single value of R(c) (0.367 angstrom) was used for asymmetric Ar-Al collisions, while two choices of R(c) were used for symmetric Al-Al collisions (0.442 and 0.530 angstrom). With the smaller R(c) value for Al-Al collisions, we find that core excitation proceeds predominantly by asymmetric collisions at all bombarding energies above threshold. At 5 keV bombarding energy the percentage of sputtered, core-excited atoms originating from asymmetric collisions ranged from 89 to 95% depending on the incident direction of the projectile. With the larger R(c) value, core excitation proceeds predominantly by asymmetric collisions at bombarding energies above approximately 3 keV; and at 5 keV asymmetric collisions accounted for approximately 60 to approximately 84% of sputtered, core-excited atoms. Lifetime corrections and corrections for Auger neutralization near the target surface had little effect on the ratio of asymmetric to symmetric collisions responsible for atomic-like Auger emission. These simulation results suggest that simultaneous multiple collisions are very important in the initial energy- and momentum-transfer stage which initiates the cascade. C1 CALIF STATE UNIV FULLERTON,DEPT PHYS,FULLERTON,CA 92634. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SHAPIRO, MH (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV PHYS MATH & ASTRON,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD MAY PY 1993 VL 74 IS 3 BP 385 EP 395 DI 10.1016/0168-583X(93)95969-C PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LB598 UT WOS:A1993LB59800007 ER PT J AU SHAW, JA FEDOR, LS AF SHAW, JA FEDOR, LS TI IMPROVED CALIBRATION OF INFRARED RADIOMETERS FOR CLOUD TEMPERATURE REMOTE-SENSING SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; RADIOMETRY; REMOTE SENSING; CLOUDS ID WATER CLOUDS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DIFFUSE CAVITIES; EMISSIVITIES; CONES AB We discuss errors and uncertainties in calibrating infrared radiometers to measure the temperature of clouds in the earth's atmosphere. Many of the points we make apply to any radiometric temperature-sensing application where the target temperature is less than the ambient temperature. Dominant uncertainties and errors are due to ambient radiance reflected from the blackbody-simulator source, thermal fluctuations in the radiometer, and imprecise voltage measurements. Our improved technique removes, reduces, or accounts for these errors and uncertainties. The resulting calibration uncertainty is +/-0.8-degrees-C for a radiometer with a 10-V output range. We verified this accuracy by comparing cloud-base temperatures measured by ground-based IR radiometers, in situ (radiosonde) sensors, and other remote sensors on the ground and on satellites. We made these comparisons for spatially uniform blackbody clouds that filled the field of view of our ground-based radiometers. RP SHAW, JA (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1002 EP 1010 DI 10.1117/12.133232 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA LA940 UT WOS:A1993LA94000013 ER PT J AU SZANTO, M DALLY, JW READ, DT AF SZANTO, M DALLY, JW READ, DT TI HYBRID GRID-MOIRE METHOD FOR MEASURING STRAIN AND DISPLACEMENT SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM; GRID-MOIRE METHOD; LINE GRATINGS; MAGNIFICATION; MICROMECHANICS ID PATTERN AB A hybrid grid-moire method for measuring strain is presented. The method employs a line grating attached to a plane surface of the specimen. Images of undeformed and deformed gratings are acquired and stored using a video system and a frame digitizer. The magnification is adjusted to record 10 to 30 lines of a grating with a pitch of 4 mum over the frame width. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the intensity data gives a close estimate of the spatial line frequency. A moire function is formed as the product of a reference sine function and the image intensity-position function. FFTs of the moire function yield an improved estimate of the line frequency. The line frequency is related to an average strain over the recorded image. The method was demonstrated at a magnification of 1500x with a grating pitch p(s) = 4 mum. The accuracy achieved depended on strain. For strains in excess of 0.1%, the errors were usually less than 5% when compared to strain gauge results. For plastic strains, in excess of 1%, the differences between two comparable measurements were less than 3%. C1 BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RP SZANTO, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1043 EP 1052 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA LA940 UT WOS:A1993LA94000020 ER PT J AU ITANO, WM BERGQUIST, JC BOLLINGER, JJ GILLIGAN, JM HEINZEN, DJ MOORE, FL RAIZEN, MG WINELAND, DJ AF ITANO, WM BERGQUIST, JC BOLLINGER, JJ GILLIGAN, JM HEINZEN, DJ MOORE, FL RAIZEN, MG WINELAND, DJ TI QUANTUM PROJECTION NOISE - POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS IN 2-LEVEL SYSTEMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION PLASMA; STATES; MECHANICS; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; CAVITY; PHASE; JUMPS; TRAPS; HG+ AB Measurements of internal energy states of atomic ions confined in traps can be used to illustrate fundamental properties of quantum systems, because long relaxation times and observation times are available. In the experiments described here, a single ion or a few identical ions were prepared in well-defined superpositions of two internal energy eigenstates. The populations of the energy levels were then measured. For an individual ion, the outcome of the measurement is uncertain, unless the amplitude for one of the two eigenstates is zero, and is completely uncertain when the magnitudes of the two amplitudes are equal. In one experiment, a single Hg-199+ ion, confined in a linear rf trap, was prepared in various superpositions of two hyperfine states. In another experiment, groups of Be-9+ ions, ranging in size from about 5 to about 400 ions, were confined in a Penning trap and prepared in various superposition states. The measured population fluctuations were greater when the state amplitudes were equal than when one of the amplitudes was nearly zero, in agreement with the predictions of quantum mechanics. These fluctuations, which we call quantum projection noise, are the fundamental source of noise for population measurements with a fixed number of atoms. These fluctuations are of practical importance, since they contribute to the errors of atomic frequency standards. RP ITANO, WM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Gilligan, Jonathan/I-8938-2014 OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 49 TC 295 Z9 300 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 1993 VL 47 IS 5 BP 3554 EP 3570 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.3554 PN A PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA LB805 UT WOS:A1993LB80500019 ER PT J AU BANDAK, FA TSAI, DH ARMSTRONG, RW DOUGLAS, AS AF BANDAK, FA TSAI, DH ARMSTRONG, RW DOUGLAS, AS TI FORMATION OF NANODISLOCATION DIPOLES IN SHOCK-COMPRESSED CRYSTALS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB Molecular-dynamics modeling has been used to study the evolution of a dislocation nanostructure from the shock compression of a vacancy cluster in a body-centered-cubic lattice. Detailed calculations have revealed the atomic displacements by which the clustered vacancies collapse. The energetics of the process were also monitored in detail. Stable [100] and [111] Burgers-vector dislocations have been identified in dipole configurations. These dislocations relate to a periodic nanodislocation dipole structure proposed in a model by Armstrong, Miller, and Sandusky (AMS) to occur by the reaction of dislocations just behind the shock front. The postshock stability of the AMS dipole nanostructure was also evaluated on a molecular-dynamics basis and the stress-strain behaviors of the crystal for the pre- and postshock compression conditions were compared. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP BANDAK, FA (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,WHITE OAK LAB,SILVER SPRING,MD 20903, USA. RI Douglas, Andrew/C-6862-2009 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 18 BP 11681 EP 11687 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.11681 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA LD189 UT WOS:A1993LD18900004 ER PT J AU YAJIMA, H HAIR, DW NAKATANI, AI DOUGLAS, JF HAN, CC AF YAJIMA, H HAIR, DW NAKATANI, AI DOUGLAS, JF HAN, CC TI DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING STUDY OF A DILUTED POLYMER BLEND NEAR ITS CRITICAL-POINT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID CRITICAL FLUCTUATIONS; DECAY-RATE; MIXTURE; LIQUID; FLUIDS; SYSTEM; SHEAR AB The critical dynamics of a moderately-high-molecular-weight polymer blend of polystyrene and polybutadiene diluted in dioctyl phthalate is studied near the consolute point by dynamic light scattering. Fast and slow modes are observed as in previous experiments on a low-molecular-weight binary-polymer-blend melt. The light-scattering data are consistent with a Fisher renormalization of the correlation-length exponent. C1 SCI UNIV TOKYO, DEPT APPL CHEM, TOKYO 162, JAPAN. RP YAJIMA, H (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV POLYMERS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 18 BP 12268 EP 12271 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.12268 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA LD189 UT WOS:A1993LD18900073 ER PT J AU COFFEY, MW AF COFFEY, MW TI HIGH-FREQUENCY LINEAR RESPONSE OF ANISOTROPIC TYPE-II SUPERCONDUCTORS IN THE MIXED STATE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID RF SURFACE IMPEDANCE; VORTICES; DEPENDENCE; FORCES AB Effective-mass anisotropy is incorporated into a self-consistent phenomenological theory of the high-frequency electrodynamic response of type-II superconductors in the mixed state. The theory accounts for two-fluid effects, including a possible anisotropic normal-fluid contribution, in addition to nonlocal vortex interaction. The approach, applicable to the modeling of a wide range of complex response functions, is illustrated in the calculation of the complex penetration depths and surface impedance for uniaxially anisotropic type-II superconductors. RP COFFEY, MW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 18 BP 12284 EP 12287 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.12284 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA LD189 UT WOS:A1993LD18900077 ER PT J AU HUBBARD, JB DOUGLAS, JF AF HUBBARD, JB DOUGLAS, JF TI HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION OF ARBITRARILY SHAPED BROWNIAN PARTICLES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Note ID KIRKWOOD-RISEMAN MODEL; STOCHASTIC SIMULATIONS; TRANSLATIONAL FRICTION; EXCLUDED VOLUME; POLYMERS; COEFFICIENTS; CAPACITANCE; CYLINDERS AB We present a simple and accurate method of estimating the translational hydrodynamic friction on rigid Brownian particles of arbitrary shape. The Brownian friction coefficient f takes the form f = 6pietaC(OMEGA), where C(OMEGA) is mathematically equivalent to the electrostatic capacitance of the particle OMEGA in units where the capacity of a sphere equals its radius. This formula is particularly useful for particles consisting of a few globular subunits, for which slender body approximations are not very accurate. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HUBBARD, JB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 47 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 1993 VL 47 IS 5 BP R2983 EP R2986 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA LF067 UT WOS:A1993LF06700003 ER PT J AU PECHIK, I NACHMAN, J INGHAM, K GILLILAND, GL AF PECHIK, I NACHMAN, J INGHAM, K GILLILAND, GL TI CRYSTALLIZATION AND PRELIMINARY-X-RAY DIFFRACTION DATA OF 2 HEPARIN-BINDING FRAGMENTS OF HUMAN FIBRONECTIN SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE FIBRONECTIN; HEPARIN-BINDING REGION; HEPARIN; X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CRYSTALLIZATION; HEP-2A; HEP-2B ID PLASMA FIBRONECTIN; DOMAIN; RECEPTORS; CRYSTALS AB Two different heparin-binding fragments of human fibronectin have been crystallized in forms which are suitable for crystal structure analyses. The 30 kDa hep-2A fragment, consisting of type III domains 12-14, was crystallized from solutions containing ammonium sulfate or polyethylene glycol 6000. The crystals grown in ammonium sulfate solutions were orthorhombic with space group I222 or I2(1)2(1)2, with a = 68.1 angstrom, b = 88.6 angstrom, and c = 144.9 angstrom. The crystals grown in polyethylene glycol solutions are hexagonal with space group P6(1)22 or P6(5)22 with a = b = 66.7 angstrom and c = 245.7 angstrom. The 40 kDa hep-2B fragment, consisting of type III domains 12-15, was also crystallized from solutions containing ammonium sulfate with the addition of glycerol. Glycerol proved an effective agent for reducing the number of crystals in the crystallization experiments, and thus, increasing the size of the crystals in these experiments. This crystal form is nearly isomorphous to the orthorhombic form of the hep-2A fragment with space group I222 or I2(1)2(1)2, and a = 67.5 angstrom, b = 87.0 angstrom, and c = 144.3 angstrom. All crystal forms diffract to at least 3.5 angstrom resolution and contain a single molecule in the asymmetric unit. C1 MARYLAND BIOTECHNOL INST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,BIOCHEM LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21789] NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD MAY PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KZ795 UT WOS:A1993KZ79500004 PM 8497482 ER PT J AU KRUSE, FA LEFKOFF, AB BOARDMAN, JW HEIDEBRECHT, KB SHAPIRO, AT BARLOON, PJ GOETZ, AFH AF KRUSE, FA LEFKOFF, AB BOARDMAN, JW HEIDEBRECHT, KB SHAPIRO, AT BARLOON, PJ GOETZ, AFH TI THE SPECTRAL IMAGE-PROCESSING SYSTEM (SIPS) - INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF IMAGING SPECTROMETER DATA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE; MINERALS; NEVADA AB The Center for the Study of Earth from Space (CSES) at the University of Colorado, Boulder, has developed a prototype interactive software system called the Spectral Image Processing System (SIPS) using IDL (the Interactive Data Language) on UNIX-based workstations. SIPS is designed to take advantage of the combination of high spectral resolution and spatial data presentation unique to imaging spectrometers. It streamlines analysis of these data by allotving scientists to rapidly interact with entire datasets. SIPS provides visualization toolsfor rapid exploratory analysis and numerical tools for quantitative modeling. The user interface is X-Windows-based, user friendly, and provides ''point and click'' operation. SIPS is being used for multidisciplinary research concentrating on use of physically based analysis methods to enhance scientific resultsfrom imaging spectrometer data. The objective of this continuing effort is to develop operational techniques for quantitative analysis of imaging spectrometer data and to make them available to the scientific community prior to the launch of imaging spectrometer satellite systems such as the Earth Observing System (EOS) High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (HIRIS). C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP KRUSE, FA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 45 TC 1096 Z9 1166 U1 15 U2 110 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 163 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90013-N PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LB118 UT WOS:A1993LB11800003 ER PT J AU GAO, BC HEIDEBRECHT, KB GOETZ, AFH AF GAO, BC HEIDEBRECHT, KB GOETZ, AFH TI DERIVATION OF SCALED SURFACE REFLECTANCES FROM AVIRIS DATA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB Analysis of high resolution imaging spectrometer data requires a thorough compensation for atmospheric absorption and scattering. A method for retrieving ''scaled surface reflectances,'' assuming horizontal surfaces having Lambertian reflectances, from spectral data collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) (Vane, 1987) is presented here. In this method, the integrated water vapor amount on a pixel by pixel basis is derived from the 0.94-mum and 1.1 4-mum water vapor absorption features. The transmission spectrum Of water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and oxygen (O2) in the 0.4-2.5 mum region is simulated based on the derived water vapor value, the solar and the observational geometry, and through use of narrow band spectral models. The scattering effect due to atmospheric molecules and aerosols is modeled with the 5S computer code (Tanre et al., 1986). The AVIRIS radiances are divided by solar irradiances above the atmosphere to obtain the apparent reflectances. The scaled surface reflectances are derived from the apparent reflectances using the simulated atmospheric gaseous transmittances and the simulated molecular and aerosol scattering data. The scaled surface reflectances differ from the real surface reflectances by a multiplicative factor. In order to convert the scaled surface reflectances into real surface reflectances, the slopes and aspects of the surfaces must be known. For simplicity, the scaled surface reflectance is simply referred to as the ''surface reflectance'' in this article. The method described here is most applicablefor deriving surface reflectances from AVIRIS data acquired on clear days with visibilities 20 km or greater. More rigorous atmospheric radiative tranfer modeling is required in order to derive surface reflectances from AVIRIS data measured on hazy days. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 22 TC 237 Z9 249 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90014-O PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LB118 UT WOS:A1993LB11800004 ER PT J AU KRUSE, FA LEFKOFF, AB DIETZ, JB AF KRUSE, FA LEFKOFF, AB DIETZ, JB TI EXPERT SYSTEM-BASED MINERAL MAPPING IN NORTHERN DEATH-VALLEY, CALIFORNIA NEVADA, USING THE AIRBORNE VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER (AVIRIS) SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; MIXTURES; TOOL AB Integrated analysis of imaging spectrometer data and field spectral measurements were used in conjunction with conventional geologic field mapping to characterize bedrock and surficial geology at the northern end of Death Valley, California and Nevada. A knowledge-based expert system was used to automatically produce image maps showing the principal surface mineralogy from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. Linear spectral unmixing of the AVIRIS data allowed further determination of relative mineral abundances and identification of mineral assemblages and mixtures. The imaging spectrometer data show the spatial distribution of spectrally distinct minerals occurring both as primary rock-forming minerals and as alteration and weathering products. Field spectral measurements were used to verify the mineral maps and field mapping was used to extend the remote sensing results. Geographically referenced image maps produced from these data form new base maps from which to develop improved understanding of the processes of deposition and erosion affecting the present land surface. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP KRUSE, FA (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CTR STUDY EARTH SPACE,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 62 TC 123 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 309 EP 336 DI 10.1016/0034-4257(93)90024-R PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LB118 UT WOS:A1993LB11800014 ER PT J AU PEARSON, GN AF PEARSON, GN TI A HIGH-PULSE-REPETITION-FREQUENCY CO2 DOPPLER LIDAR FOR ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB A monostatic pulsed CO2 Doppler lidar operating in a short-pulse (< 1 mus), high-pulse-repetition-frequency (> 1 kHz), low-pulse energy (1-10 mJ) mode has been developed for Doppler and return-power measurements within the planetary boundary layer. The system has achieved near-quantum-limited performance, demonstrating a Doppler measurement capability to approximately 5 km with pulse energies of 1-2 mJ. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 64 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1157 DI 10.1063/1.1144110 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LB849 UT WOS:A1993LB84900007 ER PT J AU LIBES, D AF LIBES, D TI KIBITZ - CONNECTING MULTIPLE INTERACTIVE PROGRAMS TOGETHER SO SOFTWARE-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article DE AUTOMATING INTERACTION; EXPECT; INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION; SOFTWARE REUSE; TCL AB Expect is a programming language for automating interactive programs. Recently, people have begun using Expect to connect multiple interactive programs together, allowing for new classes of applications. With some bask building blocks and a little scripting, it is possible to build such applications quickly. This paper discusses the general technique, while focusing on a particular example: Kibitz. Kibitz connects multiple sessions and applications together, providing a means for consulting, group editing, or other cooperative tasks. Kibitz in turn, can be used as a module in building additional programs of this type. Using Kibitz, we demonstrate how to enable cron or background processes to call upon and interact with users, e.g. for guidance or debugging. Owing to program reuse, our approach avoids many portability issues already addressed and solved by existing programs. Kibitz has no special coding for byte swapping, structure encoding, or job control, and requires neither kernel modifications nor setuid or other permissions even though it runs over a network and deals with multiple users, job control, and sophisticated programs such as shells and full-screen editors. RP LIBES, D (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG 220,A-127,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0038-0644 J9 SOFTWARE PRACT EXPER JI Softw.-Pract. Exp. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 465 EP 475 DI 10.1002/spe.4380230503 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA LB915 UT WOS:A1993LB91500001 ER PT J AU LARRABEE, RD POSTEK, MT AF LARRABEE, RD POSTEK, MT TI PRECISION, ACCURACY, UNCERTAINTY AND TRACEABILITY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO SUBMICROMETER DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPE AB The terms in the title of this paper are often used to characterize the quality of any measurement result. However, these terms (particularly accuracy and traceability) are very often confused (and abused) in practice. They often do not have the same meaning to the seller, buyer, and user of metrology instruments. Each of these terms has a very specific meaning and definition and each should be fully understood and quantified properly before being used to convey metrological information for any purpose. This paper summarizes the generally-accepted generic metrological meaning and significance of these terms for the purpose of clarifying any misunderstanding that might otherwise arise between the metrologist and the user of metrological data. These meanings are illustrated by discussing their application to dimensional standards presently available to the semiconductor industry from NIST. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, TECHNOL BLDG A347, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 EI 1879-2405 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 36 IS 5 BP 673 EP 684 DI 10.1016/0038-1101(93)90234-H PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA KV340 UT WOS:A1993KV34000001 ER PT J AU HAIGHT, WR PARRISH, JD HAYES, TA AF HAIGHT, WR PARRISH, JD HAYES, TA TI FEEDING ECOLOGY OF DEEP-WATER LUTJANID SNAPPERS AT PENGUIN BANK, HAWAII SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA; COMMUNITIES; FISHERIES; FISH AB Deepwater snappers are a valuable component of fisheries on slopes and banks in Hawaii and in much of the world's tropics. Their ecology and trophic relationships in these deepwater habitats are poorly known. Line fishing in this study simultaneously collected six of the seven lutjanid species that commonly occur in the major deepwater snapper fishery at Penguin Bank, Hawaii. The catch rate of each species showed diel variability; the patterns of some species were distinctly different. The depth distribution of feeding, as indicated by depth of capture, differed considerably among species; all species were taken within several meters of the bottom. Size (fork length) of the predator species did not appear to be stratified by time of capture (daylight versus darkness) or median capture depth. Regurgitation of gut contents seemed to be reduced when fish were retrieved at a rate that was slower than used in commercial practice but rapid enough to prevent death or morbidity while hooked. The food remaining in line-caught specimens appeared to be representative of what was originally eaten. The six snapper species ate considerable amounts of a wide range of pelagic animals and demersal fishes and much smaller quantities of a few invertebrate benthic groups. Etelis coruscans, Etelis carbunculus, and Aprion virescens formed a distinct, primarily piscivorous feeding guild. Pristipomoides filamentosus and Pristipomoides sieboldii formed a distinct guild dominated by zooplankton feeding. The few specimens of Pristipomoides zonatus appeared somewhat intermediate in diet. Important planktonic prey groups included crustaceans, pteropods, and large, pelagic, colonial urochordates (e.g., salps). Urochordates made a significant contribution to the diet even for some of the primarily piscivorous species. Major diel and seasonal shifts in diet were found only in P. filamentosus; they involved the relative proportions of fish, and especially of the major planktonic groups. Our information on diet composition and depth and time of feeding (catch) suggests that considerable resource partitioning occurs among these deepwater snappers. C1 UNIV HAWAII,US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,HAWAII COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP HAIGHT, WR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 122 IS 3 BP 328 EP 347 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0328:FEODLS>2.3.CO;2 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LR876 UT WOS:A1993LR87600003 ER PT J AU SETINA, J LOONEY, JP AF SETINA, J LOONEY, JP TI BEHAVIOR OF COMMERCIAL SPINNING ROTOR GAUGES IN THE TRANSITION REGIME SO VACUUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM CONGRESS ( IVC-12 ) / 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SOLID SURFACES ( ICSS-8 ) CY OCT 12-16, 1992 CL THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SP INT UNION VACUUM SCI TECH & APPLICAT, NETHERLANDS VACUUM SOC ID GAUGE; CALIBRATION; STANDARD AB We have investigated the accuracy of commercial Spinning Rotor Gages (SRG) in the transitional regime between 0. 1 and 133 Pa. We have found that commerical SRGs which have been calibrated at low pressure (10(-2) Pa) are in good agreement with our standard for pressures up to 1.0 Pa. Above 1.0 Pa, we found that the SRG readings are systematically in error and are gas and rotor diameter dependent. The best performance was found with the lighter gases, H-2 and He. Errors as large as a factor of 2 were observed for the heavier gases, Ar and N2. We also have found that different linearization schemes have been implemented in the two brands of SRGs. For one brand of SRG controller, the best performance with the heavier gases was for Ar and 4.76 mm rotors without temperature compensating for gage heating effects. For the other brand of SRG, errors are significantly reduced by temperature compensating for gage heating effects. C1 INST ELECTR VAKUUMSKO TECH,LJUBLJANA 61000,SLOVENIA. RP SETINA, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD MAY-JUL PY 1993 VL 44 IS 5-7 BP 577 EP 580 DI 10.1016/0042-207X(93)90099-V PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA LC574 UT WOS:A1993LC57400039 ER PT J AU FRANZREB, K WUCHER, A OECHSNER, H AF FRANZREB, K WUCHER, A OECHSNER, H TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FLUXES OF NEUTRAL AND POSITIVELY CHARGED CLUSTERS (AGN AND AGN+ N-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-4) PRODUCED BY ARGON ION SPUTTERING OF SILVER SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK D-ATOMS MOLECULES AND CLUSTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON SMALL PARTICLES AND INORGANIC CLUSTERS ( ISSCIP 6 ) CY SEP 16-22, 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP NATL SCI FDN, NATO, ARGONNE NATL LAB, UNIV CHICAGO, CHEM DEPT, DOW, FORD MOTOR, IBM, THREE M CO, AMOCO, EXXON ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; COPPER CLUSTERS; EMISSION; FRAGMENTATION; MOLECULES; YIELDS; DIMERS; SNMS AB The emission of neutral and positively charged silver clusters during sputtering of a polycrystalline silver target by 5 keV Ar+ ion bombardment has been studied and the sputter ejected silver flux has been characterized. As a result, the silver flux is found to be strongly dominated by neutral clusters rather than cluster ions. The contribution of neutral clusters in the overall silver flux decreases rapidly and monotonically with increasing cluster size n and decreases, in addition, with decreasing bombarding energy. The well known alternation of the secondary ion intensities of Ag(n)+ as a function of cluster size (higher intensities for odd n) is found to be correlated with the effective ''ionization potentials'' of the corresponding sputtered neutral clusters. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,SFB 91,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. RP FRANZREB, K (reprint author), UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN,FACHBEREICH PHYS,W-6750 KAISERSLAUTERN,GERMANY. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-7683 J9 Z PHYS D ATOM MOL CL JI Z. Phys. D-Atoms Mol. Clusters PD MAY PY 1993 VL 26 SU S BP S101 EP S103 PG 3 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA ME190 UT WOS:A1993ME19000034 ER PT J AU CAHN, JW HANDWERKER, CA AF CAHN, JW HANDWERKER, CA TI EQUILIBRIUM GEOMETRIES OF ANISOTROPIC SURFACES AND INTERFACES SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON INTERFACES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS CY JUN 17-19, 1992 CL WOODS HOLE, MA ID VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; CRYSTAL SHAPES; TRANSITIONS AB The geometries of anisotropic surfaces or interfaces in polyphase or polycrystalline microstructures can display a variety of shapes that are locally in equilibrium. Anisotropy introduces edges, comers, and flat facets, as well as new types of multigrain junctions, and requires a re-examination of how we represent geometrical equilibrium. The traditional approach, that begins with the interfacial free energy gamma(n) as a function of interface normal n, assumes knowledge of data that are unlikely to ever be available with the required accuracy. However, transforms of gamma(n), notably the Wulff shape W itself, can be easily obtained by experiment and will give many of the same predictions as gamma(n). A particularly useful representation of these data is the n-diagram, a stereographic projection of the interface orientations present at equilibrium. In this paper various examples illustrate the use of these concepts. RP CAHN, JW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD APR 30 PY 1993 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 95 PG 13 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA LF638 UT WOS:A1993LF63800009 ER PT J AU SEAKINS, PW ROBERTSON, SH PILLING, MJ SLAGLE, IR GMURCZYK, GW BENCSURA, A GUTMAN, D TSANG, W AF SEAKINS, PW ROBERTSON, SH PILLING, MJ SLAGLE, IR GMURCZYK, GW BENCSURA, A GUTMAN, D TSANG, W TI KINETICS OF THE UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION OF ISO-C3H7 - WEAK COLLISION EFFECTS IN HELIUM, ARGON, AND NITROGEN SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Rate constants for the unimolecular decomposition Of iso-C3H7 have been determined by laser flash photolysis coupled with photoionization mass spectrometry, over the temperature range 720-910 K. The reaction was studied in He, at densities of (3-30) x 10(16) atoms cm-3. More limited measurements were made for Ar and N2. The reaction is in the falloff region under all conditions studied. Three methods of data analysis were employed: (i) A transition state model was constructed by reference to literature values of dissociation and association limiting high-pressure rate constants over the temperature range 177-910 K. The model gives k1infinity = 6.51 X 10(7)T1.83 exp(-17793/T) s-1 and k1infinity = 9.47 X 10(-15)T1.16 exp(-440/T) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for dissociation and association, respectively. The model was incorporated into a modified strong collision model and the data fitted using [DELTAE]down as a variable parameter, giving 136 cm-1 (He), 130 cm-1 (Ar) and 129 cm-1 (N2). (ii) A Troe analysis, using the transition-state model to determine both k1infinity with S(T) and employing k1(0) as the variable parameter, is consistent with [DELTAE]down = 200 cm-1 for He. (iii) Finally, the microcanonical rate constants for dissociation were calculated by inverse Laplace transformation of the association rate constants of Harris and Pitts and incorporated in a master equation analysis with [DELTAE]down and DELTAH0(0) as the variable parameters. The analysis gives [DELTAE]down = 210 cm-1 for He and DELTAH(f,298)0 (iso-C3H7) = 21.0 kcal mol-1. C1 PHYS CHEM LAB,OXFORD OX1 3QZ,ENGLAND. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT CHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Bencsura, Akos/C-5696-2008 NR 0 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 29 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 17 BP 4450 EP 4458 DI 10.1021/j100119a032 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LA023 UT WOS:A1993LA02300032 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, CE PARK, GS CABRERA, B HUBER, ME AF CUNNINGHAM, CE PARK, GS CABRERA, B HUBER, ME TI ABSOLUTE MAGNETIC PENETRATION DEPTH OF THIN-FILM NIOBIUM MEASURED BY FLUXOID QUANTIZATION SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WEAK AB The absolute magnetic penetration depth of a superconducting niobium film is measured using fluxoid quantization. Laser pulses drive part.of a thin, planar niobium loop normal, changing its quantum fluxoid state. We determine the total inductance of the loop by measuring the coupling of the fluxoid to a superconducting quantum interference device at various loop temperatures. We fit the temperature dependence of the inductance data to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory to determine the magnetic and kinetic inductances. The kinetic inductance is directly related to the penetration depth through the geometry of the loop, and the measured penetration depth agrees well with the BCS theory. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 1993 VL 62 IS 17 BP 2122 EP 2124 DI 10.1063/1.109446 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KY864 UT WOS:A1993KY86400041 ER PT J AU WEIMER, CS MOORE, FL WINELAND, DJ AF WEIMER, CS MOORE, FL WINELAND, DJ TI HIGH-ORDER MULTIPOLE EXCITATION OF A BOUND ELECTRON SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE CYCLOTRON ELECTRON; PENNING TRAP; PHYSICS; ION AB The nonlinear resonant response of a bound electron to a time-varying spatially inhomogeneous electric field was studied experimentally. By use of the artificial atom ''geonium'' (an electron bound in a Penning trap), we observed up to ninth-order multipole (pentacosiododecapole) coherent excitation of the electron's magnetron motion, and up to third-order (octupole) excitation of the cyclotron motion. Also, by applying two fields simultaneously, we have observed coherent stimulated Raman excitation of the electron's motion. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP WEIMER, CS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 17 BP 2553 EP 2556 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2553 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KY503 UT WOS:A1993KY50300012 ER PT J AU PSZENNY, AAP KEENE, WC JACOB, DJ FAN, S MABEN, JR ZETWO, MP SPRINGERYOUNG, M GALLOWAY, JN AF PSZENNY, AAP KEENE, WC JACOB, DJ FAN, S MABEN, JR ZETWO, MP SPRINGERYOUNG, M GALLOWAY, JN TI EVIDENCE OF INORGANIC CHLORINE GASES OTHER THAN HYDROGEN-CHLORIDE IN MARINE SURFACE AIR SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMISTRY; NACL AB We report the first measurements of inorganic chlorine gases in the marine atmosphere using a new tandem mist chamber method. Surface air was sampled during four days including one diel cycle in January, 1992, at Virginia Key, Florida. Concentrations of HCl* (including HCl, ClNO3, ClNO2, and NOCl) were in the range 40 to 268 pptv and concentrations Of Cl2* (including Cl2 and any HOCI not trapped in the acidic mist chamber) were in the range <26 to 254 pptv Cl. Concentrations of Cl2* increased during the night, and decreased after sunrise as HCl* concentrations increased by similar amounts. The measurements suggest an unknown source of either HOCl or Cl2 to the marine atmosphere. Photochemical model calculations indicate that photolysis of the observed Cl2* would yield a chlorine atom (Cl.) concentration of order 10(4)-10(5) cm-3. Oxidation by Cl. would then represent a significant sink for alkanes and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the marine boundary layer. The cycling of Cl. could provide either a source or a sink for O3, depending on NO(x) levels. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV OCEAN CHEM,MIAMI,FL 33149. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RI Galloway, James/C-2769-2013 OI Galloway, James/0000-0001-7676-8698 NR 11 TC 280 Z9 283 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 8 BP 699 EP 702 DI 10.1029/93GL00047 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LA342 UT WOS:A1993LA34200016 ER PT J AU MONTZKA, SA MYERS, RC BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW CUMMINGS, SO AF MONTZKA, SA MYERS, RC BUTLER, JH ELKINS, JW CUMMINGS, SO TI GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC DISTRIBUTION AND CALIBRATION SCALE OF HCFC-22 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; CFC-22; STRATOSPHERE; LIFETIMES; CHCLF2 AB Measurements of atmospheric chlorodifluoro-methane (HCFC-22), based upon a new calibration scale developed in this laboratory, suggest a global tropospheric mean that is approximately 28% lower than determined previously from surface-based measurements. A global mean of 10 1.8 (+/- 1.2, 1 sd.) ppt and interhemispheric difference of 13 (+/- 1) ppt were determined for HCFC-22 in 1992 from air collected in flasks from seven remote sites located between 82-degrees-N and 90-degrees-S. These results are consistent with mixing ratios predicted from recent emission estimates and a lifetime for HCFC-22 of 13.6 (+1.9,-1.5) yr. Based upon the analysis of flasks and archived air samples from mid-I 987 through 1992, a mean growth rate for HCFC-22 of 7.3 (+/- 0.3)% yr-1 was estimated for this period. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MONTZKA, SA (reprint author), NOAA,DEPT COMMERCE,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 26 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 8 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1029/93GL00753 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LA342 UT WOS:A1993LA34200017 ER PT J AU ANGELL, JK AF ANGELL, JK TI COMPARISON OF STRATOSPHERIC WARMING FOLLOWING AGUNG, EL CHICHON AND PINATUBO VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; MEXICO AB Based on a 63-station radiosonde network and using 9-season-average temperatures to minimize the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation, the low-stratospheric (16-20 km) warming following Agung and El Chichon was greatest in the equatorial zone and least in polar zones. The warming was not symmetric with respect to the equator, however, with greater warming south than north of the equator. The warming following El Chichon was slightly greater than following Agung in all climatic zones except the south polar zone. Results for Pinatubo are preliminary because of the recency of the eruption, but in north extratropics and tropics the warming following this eruption is indicated to be comparable to the warming following Agung and El Chichon. However, in south temperate and polar zones the warming is considerably greater following Pinatubo, perhaps reflecting a contribution from the eruption of Cerro Hudson in Chile. Globally, therefore, the low-stratospheric warming following Pinatubo is greater than following Agung or El Chichon. Based on a 10-station tropical radiosonde network with data to greater heights, the warming following El Chichon exceeded the warming following Agung to a height of at least 31 km, the difference in warming increasing with height. The warming following Pinatubo is similar to that following Agung to a height of 24 km, but thereafter is indicated to become less, an unexpected result to be reexamined as more data become available. RP ANGELL, JK (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AIR RESOURCES LAB,1325 E W HIGHWAY,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 8 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1029/93GL00366 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LA342 UT WOS:A1993LA34200020 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF GORDLEY, LL PARK, JH DRAYSON, SR HARRIES, JE CICERONE, RJ CRUTZEN, PJ AF RUSSELL, JM TUCK, AF GORDLEY, LL PARK, JH DRAYSON, SR HARRIES, JE CICERONE, RJ CRUTZEN, PJ TI HALOE ANTARCTIC OBSERVATIONS IN THE SPRING OF 1991 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE HOLE AB HALOE observations of O3, CH4, HF, H2O, NO, NO2, and HCl collected during the October 1991 Antarctic spring period are reported. The data show a constant CH4 mixing ratio of about 0.25 ppmv for the altitude range from 65 km down to about 25 km at the position of minimum wind speed in the vortex: i.e., the vortex center. and depressions in pressure versus longitude contours of NO, NO2, HF, and HCl in this same region. Water vapor, HF, and HCl enhancement are also observed in the vortex center region above approximately 25 km. Between 10 and 20 km, the expected mixing ratio signatures exist within the vortex, i.e., low ozone and dehydration. The water vapor increased by 50%, and the ozone level doubled in the vortex between October 11 and 24 in the 15 to 20 km layer. These changes imply a time constant for recovery from ozone hole conditions of 19 and 30 days for O3 and H2O, respectively. The data further show the presence of air inside the vortex between 3 and 30 mb which has mixing ratios characteristic of mid latitudes. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT GEOSCI,IRVINE,CA 92717. MAX PLANCK INST CHEM,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. G&A TECH SOFTWARE,HAMPTON,VA 23665. SERC,RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. RP RUSSELL, JM (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,MAIL STOP 401B,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Crutzen, Paul/F-6044-2012 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; NR 11 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 8 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1029/93GL00497 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA LA342 UT WOS:A1993LA34200021 ER PT J AU GLEASON, JF BHARTIA, PK HERMAN, JR MCPETERS, R NEWMAN, P STOLARSKI, RS FLYNN, L LABOW, G LARKO, D SEFTOR, C WELLEMEYER, C KOMHYR, WD MILLER, AJ PLANET, W AF GLEASON, JF BHARTIA, PK HERMAN, JR MCPETERS, R NEWMAN, P STOLARSKI, RS FLYNN, L LABOW, G LARKO, D SEFTOR, C WELLEMEYER, C KOMHYR, WD MILLER, AJ PLANET, W TI RECORD LOW GLOBAL OZONE IN 1992 SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The 1992 global average total ozone, measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on the Nimbus-7 satellite, was 2 to 3 percent lower than any earlier year observed by TOMS (1979 to 1991). Ozone amounts were low in a wide range of latitudes in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the largest decreases were in the regions from 10-degrees-S to 20-degrees-S and 10-degrees-N to 60-degrees-N. Global ozone in 1992 is at least 1.5 percent lower than would be predicted by a statistical model that includes a linear trend and accounts for solar cycle variation and the quasi-biennial oscillation. These results are confirmed by comparisons with data from other ozone monitoring instruments: the SBUV/2 instrument on the NOAA-11 satellite, the TOMS instrument on the Russian Meteor-3 satellite, the World Standard Dobson Instrument 83, and a collection of 22 ground-based Dobson instruments. C1 SOFTWARE CORP AMER,LANHAM,MD 20706. HUGHES STX CORP,LANHAM,MD 20706. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80303. NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,CLIMATE ANAL CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20031. NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,SATELLITE RES LAB,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20031. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP GLEASON, JF (reprint author), UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,CODE 916,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Gleason, James/E-1421-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 17 TC 265 Z9 270 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 23 PY 1993 VL 260 IS 5107 BP 523 EP 526 DI 10.1126/science.260.5107.523 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KY504 UT WOS:A1993KY50400028 PM 17830433 ER PT J AU RODHAM, DA SUZUKI, S SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ DASGUPTA, S GODDARD, WA BLAKE, GA AF RODHAM, DA SUZUKI, S SUENRAM, RD LOVAS, FJ DASGUPTA, S GODDARD, WA BLAKE, GA TI HYDROGEN-BONDING IN THE BENZENE AMMONIA DIMER SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES; CLUSTERS; SPECTRUM AB AMINES have long been characterized as amphoteric (acting as both donor and acceptor) in terms of their hydrogen-bond interactions in the condensed phase. With the possible exception of (NH3)2, however, no gas-phase complexes exhibiting hydrogen-bond donation by ammonia, the 'simplest amine', have been observed1,2. Here we present high-resolution optical and microwave spectra of the benzene-ammonia dimer in the gas phase, which show that the ammonia molecule resides above the benzene plane and undergoes free or nearly free internal rotation. In the vibrationally averaged structure, the C3 symmetry axis of NH3 is tilted by about 58-degrees relative to the benzene C6 axis, such that the ammonia protons interact with the benzene tau-cloud. Our ab initio calculations predict a ''monodentate' minimum-energy structure, with very low barriers to rotation of ammonia. The larger separation of the two molecular components, and the smaller dissociation energy, relative to the benzene-water dimer3 reflect the weak hydrogen-bond donor capability of ammonia, but the observed geometry greatly resembles the amino-aromatic interaction found naturally in proteins4. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. CALTECH,BECKMAN INST,CTR MAT & MOLEC SIMULAT,PASADENA,CA 91125. CALTECH,DIV GEOL & PLANETARY SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125. RP RODHAM, DA (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV CHEM & CHEM ENGN,127-72,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. NR 19 TC 214 Z9 215 U1 4 U2 42 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 22 PY 1993 VL 362 IS 6422 BP 735 EP 737 DI 10.1038/362735a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KY450 UT WOS:A1993KY45000050 ER PT J AU DOUGLAS, JF ISHINABE, T NEMIROVSKY, AM FREED, KF AF DOUGLAS, JF ISHINABE, T NEMIROVSKY, AM FREED, KF TI HYPERCUBIC LATTICE SAW EXPONENTS-NU AND EXPONENT-GAMMA - 3.99 DIMENSIONS REVISITED SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL LA English DT Article ID SELF-AVOIDING WALKS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; THETA-POINT; EXACT ENUMERATION; POLYMER-CHAIN; FIELD-THEORY; MODELS; FRACTALS; SYSTEMS AB The self-avoiding walk (SAW) exponents nu and gamma are computed over a range of dimensions (1 less-than-or-equal-to d < infinity) from exact expressions for the mean-square end-to-end distance [R(n)2] and the partition function Q(n) of SAWs having a limited number of steps, n less-than-or-equal-to 11. SAW exponents (nu, gamma) for arbitrary dimension d are estimated by applying standard extrapolation techniques to our direct enumeration data which has been analytically continued to variable dimension. Exponent estimates obtained from continuum theories of self-avoiding paths are compared with the SAW calculations. C1 UNIV BARCELONA,DEPT ESTRUCTURA & CONSTITUYENTES MAT,E-08028 BARCELONA,SPAIN. YAMAGATA UNIV,FAC ENGN,YONEZAWA,YAMAGATA 992,JAPAN. UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP DOUGLAS, JF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0305-4470 J9 J PHYS A-MATH GEN JI J. Phys. A-Math. Gen. PD APR 21 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1835 EP 1845 DI 10.1088/0305-4470/26/8/012 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA LE532 UT WOS:A1993LE53200012 ER PT J AU FREHLICH, RG AF FREHLICH, RG TI EFFECTS OF REFRACTIVE TURBULENCE ON COHERENT LASER-RADAR SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RANDOM-MEDIA; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; 4TH MOMENT; LIDAR; WAVES; PERFORMANCE AB The leading-order effects of refractive turbulence are calculated for a general coherent laser radar with beam-angle and beam-offset misalignment. The effects of refractive turbulence are important for 10-mum operation in the atmospheric surface layer for typical daytime conditions and paths longer than 3 km. The effects for near-infrared and visible wavelengths are more pronounced. The behavior of different parameter regimes are related to the scintillation scales of the transmitted beam. In certain cases, the small-scale scintillation structure produces a measure of beam misalignment that is more sensitive than the free-space case. The phase approximation of the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle is shown to be correct in the limit of large path-integrated refractive turbulence. RP FREHLICH, RG (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2122 EP 2139 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA KX397 UT WOS:A1993KX39700023 PM 20820357 ER PT J AU REDDY, P AF REDDY, P TI MODIFICATION OF THE PREEXPRESSION VECTOR TO EXPRESS INCLUSION-BODIES AS SOLUBLE-PROTEINS - EXPRESSION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI ADENYLATE-CYCLASE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP A1151 EP A1151 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KY848 UT WOS:A1993KY84800653 ER PT J AU KASIBHATLA, PS LEVY, H MOXIM, WJ AF KASIBHATLA, PS LEVY, H MOXIM, WJ TI GLOBAL NOX, HNO3, PAN, AND NOY DISTRIBUTIONS FROM FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION EMISSIONS - A MODEL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NITRIC-ACID; SEASONAL-VARIATION; EASTERN PACIFIC; NITROGEN-OXIDES; DRY DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERE AB The 11-level Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global chemical transport model (GCTM) which explicitly treats NO(x), HNO3, and PAN as transported species has been used to assess the impact of fossil fuel combustion emissions on the distribution of reactive nitrogen compounds (NO(y)) in various regions of the troposphere. The GCTM is driven by 6-hour time-averaged wind and total precipitation fields derived from a parent general circulation model. PAN production rates are calculated using background, two-dimensional ethane and propane fields, which are then adjusted to parameterize the effect of short-lived hydrocarbons over continental regions. From an analysis of our model results, we conclude that (1) the model reproduces the observed spatial patterns of wet deposition near the major fossil fuel combustion source regions. Wet and dry deposition in source regions account for 30% and 40-45% of the emissions, respectively, with the remainder being exported over the adjacent ocean basins; (2) the fossil fuel source accounts.for a large fraction of the observed surface concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of HNO3 in the extra tropical North Atlantic; (3) while it appears that a significant fraction of NO(y) observed in the marine free troposphere during the NASA Global Tropical Experiment/CITE 2 experiment in the eastern North Pacific cannot be explained in terms of the fossil fuel source, this may simply indicate that in this region subgrid-scale transport from adjacent continental source regions is not being adequately resolved by the model; (4) at the more remote Mauna Loa, Hawaii site, less than 30% of the observed NO(y) during May 1988, appears to be due to distant fossil fuel sources; (5) even with the explicit treatment of PAN as a transported species, the fossil fuel source has only a minor impact on NO(y) levels in the remote tropics and in the southern hemisphere; (5) model calculations indicate that the relatively high levels of NO(y) observed over western Alaska during the ABLE 3A experiment in July-August 1988, cannot be explained in terms of long-range transport of fossil fuel combustion emissions from the northern hemisphere mid-latitude surface source regions; and (6) away from source regions, PAN is a major component of fossil fuel NO(y), and is the dominant component poleward of 45-degrees-N. However, the relative impact of this sequestered PAN on regional spring time NO(x) levels has yet to be established. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP KASIBHATLA, PS (reprint author), GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30332, USA. RI Kasibhatla, Prasad/A-2574-2010; OI Kasibhatla, Prasad/0000-0003-3562-3737 NR 60 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D4 BP 7165 EP 7180 DI 10.1029/92JD02845 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ339 UT WOS:A1993KZ33900005 ER PT J AU SANDERS, RW SOLOMON, S SMITH, JP PERLISKI, L MILLER, HL MOUNT, GH KEYS, JG SCHMELTEKOPF, AL AF SANDERS, RW SOLOMON, S SMITH, JP PERLISKI, L MILLER, HL MOUNT, GH KEYS, JG SCHMELTEKOPF, AL TI VISIBLE AND NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY AT MCMURDO STATION, ANTARCTICA .9. OBSERVATIONS OF OCLO FROM APRIL TO OCTOBER 1991 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; SPRING STRATOSPHERE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; TOTAL OZONE; NO2; VORTEX; DESTRUCTION; CHEMISTRY; DEPLETION; LATITUDE AB The first spectroscopic measurements of chlorine dioxide throughout Antarctic fall, winter, and spring were carried out at McMurdo Station during April to October 1991. Two different observing modes were employed to extend the measurements over the broadest possible seasonal range: direct Moon measurements were used as well as observations of the scattered light from the sky at an 80-degrees angle relative to the zenith in the direction toward the Sun. The latter observing scheme facilitates measurements during the late twilight, when the brightness in the more conventional zenith viewing direction is much weaker. The measurements made using both the scattered light and the lunar sources show that OClO was below detection limits in late April and May (twilight OClO vertical column <3x10(12) cm-2), for a corresponding total ozone loss mte due to the coupling of chlorine and bromine of no more than about 0.25 DU/d. OClO was first observed in late June using lunar spectra, at which time high nighttime vertical column abundances of about 1.0x10(14) cm-2 were measured, implying extensive conversion of inorganic chlorine to reactive forms in the lower stratosphere. The observation of OClO in midwinter implies that the air parcels had been exposed to sunlight, presumably via wave-driven excursions of airflow to latitudes outside the polar night region. High levels of OClO were measured using moonlight near the full Moon phases in late July, August, and September. Further, these measurements of high OClO indicate that significant ozone loss should have taken place during midwinter. The winter ozone loss rate suggested by these data is likely to increase in the future as atmospheric loading of chlorine and bromine continues to rise. In addition, scattered light measurements in late July and August revealed very large twilight column abundances then, implying significant ozone loss rates. Somewhat smaller twilight column abundances were measured in September, and the OClO dropped below detection levels in October. C1 DSIR,LAUDER,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SANDERS, RW (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Miller, Henry/D-7628-2013 OI Miller, Henry/0000-0002-7155-8314 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D4 BP 7219 EP 7228 DI 10.1029/93JD00042 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ339 UT WOS:A1993KZ33900009 ER PT J AU FREIDENREICH, SM RAMASWAMY, V AF FREIDENREICH, SM RAMASWAMY, V TI SOLAR-RADIATION ABSORPTION BY CO2, OVERLAP WITH H2O, AND A PARAMETERIZATION FOR GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB Line-by-line (LBL) solar radiative transfer solutions are obtained for CO2-only, H2O-only, and CO2 + H2O atmospheres, and the contributions by the major CO2 and H2O absorption bands to the heating rates in the stratosphere and troposphere are analyzed. The LBL results are also used to investigate the inaccuracies in the absorption by a CO2 + H2O atmosphere, arising due to a multiplication of the individual gas transmissions averaged over specific spectral widths (DELTAnu). Errors in absorption generally increase with the value of DELTAnu chosen. However, even when the interval chosen for averaging the individual gas transmissions is the entire solar spectrum, there is no serious degradation in the accuracy of the atmospheric absorbed flux (error < 3%) and the heating rates (errors < 10%). A broadband parameterization for CO2 absorption, employed in several weather prediction and climate models, is found to substantially underestimate the LBL heating rates throughout the atmosphere, most notably in the stratosphere (errors > 40%). This parameterization is modified such that the resulting errors are less than 20%. When this modified CO2 parameterization is combined with a recently modified formulation for H2O vapor absorption, the resulting errors in the heating rates are also less than 20%. The application of the modified solar absorption parameterizations in a general circulation model (GCM) causes an increase in the simulated clear sky diabatic heating rates, ranging from nonnegligible (middle stratosphere and lower troposphere) to significant (lower stratosphere and upper troposphere) additions. The results here should enable a continued use of the older broadband parameterizations in GCMs, albeit in modified forms. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. RP FREIDENREICH, SM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D4 BP 7255 EP 7264 DI 10.1029/92JD02887 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ339 UT WOS:A1993KZ33900013 ER PT J AU EICHMANN, U BERGQUIST, JC BOLLINGER, JJ GILLIGAN, JM ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ RAIZEN, MG AF EICHMANN, U BERGQUIST, JC BOLLINGER, JJ GILLIGAN, JM ITANO, WM WINELAND, DJ RAIZEN, MG TI YOUNG INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT WITH LIGHT SCATTERED FROM 2 ATOMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON; ION AB We report the first observation of interference effects in the light scattered from two trapped atoms. The visibility of the fringes can be explained in the framework of Bragg scattering by a harmonic crystal and simple ''which path'' considerations of the scattered photons. If the light scattered by the atoms is detected in a polarization-sensitive way, then it is possible to selectively demonstrate either the particle nature or the wave nature of the scattered light. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PHYS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV FREIBURG,W-7800 FREIBURG,GERMANY. RP EICHMANN, U (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Gilligan, Jonathan/I-8938-2014 OI Gilligan, Jonathan/0000-0003-1375-6686 NR 19 TC 216 Z9 216 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 19 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 16 BP 2359 EP 2362 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2359 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KX815 UT WOS:A1993KX81500001 ER PT J AU WU, YC BEREZANSKY, PA FENG, DM KOCH, WF AF WU, YC BEREZANSKY, PA FENG, DM KOCH, WF TI 2ND DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT OF 3-(N-MORPHOLINO)-2-HYDROXYPROPANESULFONIC ACID AND PH OF ITS BUFFER SOLUTIONS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID 50-DEGREES-C AB 3-(N-Morpholino)-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic add (MOPSO) has been recommended as a second pH standard in the range of physiological application. The pH values for this buffer system, at ionic strengths matching those in physiological fluids have been determined at temperatures from 0 to 50-degrees-C by the emf method. The liquid junction potentials between the buffer solutions of MOPSO and saturated KCl solution of the calomel electrode at 25-degrees-C have been evaluated by measurement with flowing junction so that the operational pH values can be ascertained. The second dissociation constant of MOPSO at various temperatures has been determined and is 6.929 +/- 0.004 at 25-degrees-C. The related thermodynamic properties have been calculated. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,INORGAN ANALYT RES DIV,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1084 EP 1087 DI 10.1021/ac00056a023 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KX396 UT WOS:A1993KX39600022 ER PT J AU OKIHIRO, MS WHIPPLE, JA GROFF, JM HINTON, DE AF OKIHIRO, MS WHIPPLE, JA GROFF, JM HINTON, DE TI CHROMATOPHOROMAS AND CHROMATOPHORE HYPERPLASIA IN PACIFIC ROCKFISH (SEBASTES SPP) SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GOLDFISH CARASSIUS-AURATUS; PIKE ESOX-LUCIUS; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; BICOLOR DAMSELFISH; MELANOMA FORMATION; DERMAL SARCOMA; PIGMENT CELL; PISCES; FISH; CHROMATOBLASTOMAS AB Pacific rockfish from Cordell Bank, off central California (United States). were collected and histologically examined from 1985 to 1990. Hyperplastic and neoplastic cutaneous lesions, involving dermal chromatophores, were observed in five species; yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus), bocaccio (S. paucispinis), olive rockfish (S. serranoides), widow rockfish (S. entomelas), and chilipepper rockfish (S. goodei). Yearly prevalences were highest in S. paucispinis (29-38%). Prevalence was initially low in S.flavidus, but increased more than 3-fold from 1985 (7.5%) to 1990 (25%). The majority of lesions were black, but white, yellow, orange, red, and mixed-color variants were also seen. Lesions were found in skin, fins, lips, gingiva, tongue, urogenital papilla, conjunctiva, and cornea of the eye. Flat lesions were consistent with melanophore (black), xanthophore (yellow or orange), and erythrophore (red) hyperplasia. Neoplastic lesions included melanophoromas, amelanotic melanophoromas, xanthophoromas, erythrophoromas, and mixed chromatophoromas. Although etiology has not been determined, interest is currently focused on potential exposure to chemical and radioactive carcinogens from the Farallon Island Radioactive Waste Dump, 30 km to the south. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP OKIHIRO, MS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA45131] NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1761 EP 1769 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA KY096 UT WOS:A1993KY09600011 PM 8467494 ER PT J AU MALONE, KJ SANFORD, NA HAYDEN, JS AF MALONE, KJ SANFORD, NA HAYDEN, JS TI INTEGRATED-OPTIC LASER EMITTING AT 906, 1057, AND 1358-NM SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE INTEGRATED OPTICS; LASERS; OPTICAL FIBERS; OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES ID WAVE-GUIDE LASER; ION-EXCHANGE; GLASS AB Laser oscillation at 906, 1057, and 1358 nm has been achieved in the same neodymium-doped-glass integrated optic laser. This is believed to be the first report of a 906 nm integrated optic laser. High slope efficiency and high output power were observed at 1057 nm. The laser was fabricated by silver ion exchange in a phosphate glass. C1 SCHOTT GLASS TECHNOL INC,DURYEA,PA 18642. RP MALONE, KJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OPT ELECTR METROL GRP,81402 325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD, ENGLAND SG1 2AY SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 29 IS 8 BP 691 EP 693 DI 10.1049/el:19930463 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA LB771 UT WOS:A1993LB77100032 ER PT J AU SCHWARZ, FP PURI, KD BHAT, RG SUROLIA, A AF SCHWARZ, FP PURI, KD BHAT, RG SUROLIA, A TI THERMODYNAMICS OF MONOSACCHARIDE BINDING TO CONCANAVALIN-A, PEA (PISUM-SATIVUM) LECTIN, AND LENTIL (LENS-CULINARIS) LECTIN SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; THERMAL-DENATURATION; RIBONUCLEASE-A; PROTEIN; DERIVATIVES AB Titration calorimetry measurements of the binding of methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (MealphaMan), D-mannopyranoside (Man), methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MealphaGlu), and D-glucopyranoside (Glu) to concanavalin A (Con A), pea lectin, and lentil lectin were performed at 281 and 292 K in 0.01 M dimethylglutaric acid-NaOH buffer (pH 6.9) containing 0.15 M NaCl and Mn+2 and Ca+2 ions. The site binding enthalpies, DELTAH, are the same at both temperatures and range from -28.4 +/- 0.9 (MealphaMan) to -16.6 +/- 0.5 kJ mol-1 (Glu) for Con A, from -26.2 +/- 1.1 (MealphaMan) to -12.8 +/- 0.4 kJ mol-1 (MealphaGlu) for pea lectin, and from -16.6 +/- 0.7 (MealphaMan) to -8.0 +/- 0.2 kJ mol-1 (MealphaGlu) for lentil lectin. The site binding constants range from 17 +/- 1 x 10(3) M-1 (MealphaMan to Con A at 281.2 K) to 230 +/- 20 M-1 (Glu to lentil lectin at 292.6 K) and exhibit high specificity for Con A where they are in the MealphaMan:Man:MealphaGlu:Glu ratio of 21:4:5:1, while the corresponding ratio is 5:2:1.5:1 for pea lectin and 4:2:2:1 for lentil lectin. The higher specificity for Con A indicates more interactions between the amino acid residues at the binding site and the carbohydrate ligand than for the pea and lentil lectin-carbohydrate complexes. The carbohydrate-lectin binding results exhibit enthalpy-entropy compensation in that DELTAH(b) (kJ mol-1) = -1.67 +/- 0.06 x 10(4) + (1.30 +/- 0.12)T(K)DELTAS(b) (J mol-1K-1). Differential scanning calorimetry measurements on the thermal denaturation of the lectins and their carbohydrate complexes show that the Con A tetramer dissociates into monomers, while the pea and lentil lectin dimers dissociate into two submonomer fragments. At the denaturation temperature, one carbohydrate binds to each monomer of Con A and the pea and lentil lectins. Complexation with the carbohydrate increases the denaturation temperature of the lectin and the magnitude of the increases yield binding constants in agreement with the determinations from titration calorimetry. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. INDIAN INST SCI,MOLEC BIOPHYS UNIT,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA. RP SCHWARZ, FP (reprint author), CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,9600 GUDELSKY DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. RI SUROLIA, AVADESHA/C-5442-2009 NR 29 TC 180 Z9 181 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 268 IS 11 BP 7668 EP 7677 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KW979 UT WOS:A1993KW97900016 PM 8463297 ER PT J AU BLAKE, TA EGGERS, DF TSENG, SH LEWERENZ, M SWIFT, RP BECK, RD WATTS, RO LOVAS, F AF BLAKE, TA EGGERS, DF TSENG, SH LEWERENZ, M SWIFT, RP BECK, RD WATTS, RO LOVAS, F TI THE INFRARED AND MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY OF THE ARGON-PROPYNE DIMER SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RARE GAS-CO2 COMPLEXES; VANDERWAALS MOLECULE; ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM; INTERNAL-ROTATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ACETYLENE; PREDISSOCIATION; RADIOFREQUENCY; FORMAMIDE; CONSTANT AB Microwave and infrared measurements are reported for the van der Waals complex Ar-CH3CCH and its isotopomers. The structure is T shaped with equilibrium center-of-mass separation of 3.73 angstrom and an angle of 82-degrees between the molecule symmetry axis and the van der Waals bond. The infrared and microwave spectra are complex due to the effects of a slightly hindered internal rotor. Analysis of the spectral data shows that the dipole moment is almost parallel to the dimer b axis. A modified vibration/rotation Hamiltonian that includes an internal rotor potential is used to show that the barrier to internal rotation is near 10.8 cm-1. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 8 BP 6031 EP 6043 DI 10.1063/1.464842 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KX946 UT WOS:A1993KX94600002 ER PT J AU MUNOZ, A REEVES, RJ TAHERI, B POWELL, RC BLACKBURN, DH CRANMER, DC AF MUNOZ, A REEVES, RJ TAHERI, B POWELL, RC BLACKBURN, DH CRANMER, DC TI THE DEPENDENCE OF LASER-INDUCED REFRACTIVE-INDEX CHANGES IN GLASS ON THE CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EU-DOPED GLASSES; INDUCED GRATINGS; PHOSPHATE GLASSES; SILICATE-GLASSES; SPECTRA; BORATE AB The properties of permanent, laser induced refractive index gratings in rare-earth doped glasses have been characterized in a variety of materials including lithium borates, lead and magnesium silicates, lead borate-germanates and lead germanates. This work is combined with the previous results obtained on phosphate and silicate glasses to develop an understanding of the effects of glass composition (both network former and modifier ions) on the ability of a material to produce gratings with high scattering efficiencies. The grating efficiencies and the writing/erasing dynamics were studied, and the two-level-system-model developed previously was employed to explain the results. The results show the importance of having flexible glass networks with low polarizing power of the network former ions, and a high content of nonbridging oxygen ions. In addition, it is important to have light, highly polarizable modifier ions with weak chemical bond strengths to the oxygen ions. This type of glass combined with rare-earth ions that like to exist in more than one local coordination environment and that couple strongly to high energy vibrational modes of the host, are found to be very effective in producing local structural changes that lead to room-temperature-stable refractive index gratings. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20894 USA. RP OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV, CTR LASER RES, STILLWATER, OK 74078 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 8 BP 6083 EP 6091 DI 10.1063/1.464847 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KX946 UT WOS:A1993KX94600007 ER PT J AU WEDDING, AB BORYSOW, J PHELPS, AV AF WEDDING, AB BORYSOW, J PHELPS, AV TI N-2(A''(1)SIGMA(G)(+) METASTABLE COLLISIONAL DESTRUCTION AND ROTATIONAL-EXCITATION TRANSFER BY N-2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; A''1-SIGMA-G+ STATE; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; ENERGY-TRANSFER; EXCITED N-2; N2; SPECTROSCOPY; DISCHARGE; H-2; IONIZATION AB Quenching and rotational coupling rate coefficients have been measured for the J=4-10, v=0 levels of the a'' 1SIGMA(g)+ metastable state of N2 in collisions with ground state N2. Laser absorption is used to monitor the population of rotational levels of the a'' 1SIGMA(g)+ state following depletion of the population of one or more levels by optical pumping to other states. The observed time dependence of the recovery of population of the perturbed level and the collision induced growth and decay of the populations of adjacent levels are interpreted in terms of quenching to other electronic levels and excitation exchange among adjacent rotational levels. For the J=6, v=0 level of the a'' 1SIGMA(g)+ state the rate coefficients extrapolated to zero discharge current at 300 K are 2.3 +/- 0.1 x 10(-6) m3/s for electronic quenching and 1.1 +/- 0.6 X 10(-16) m3/S for excitation transfer to the J=4 and J=8 levels in collisions with N2. Very similar rate coefficents were obtained for the J=4, 7 and 8 levels. C1 MURDOCH UNIV, MURDOCH, WA 6150, AUSTRALIA. MICHIGAN TECHNOL UNIV, HOUGHTON, MI 49931 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80302 USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 8 BP 6227 EP 6234 DI 10.1063/1.464816 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KX946 UT WOS:A1993KX94600023 ER PT J AU REIPA, V GAIGALAS, A ABRAMOWITZ, S AF REIPA, V GAIGALAS, A ABRAMOWITZ, S TI CONFORMATIONAL ALTERATIONS OF BOVINE INSULIN ADSORBED ON A SILVER ELECTRODE SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; AMINO-ACIDS; SURFACE; SPECTRA; SERS; SCATTERING; DISULFIDES; PROTEINS AB Surface enhanced Raman spectra of bovine insulin, adsorbed on the silver electrode from aqueous solutions of micromolar concentrations, are presented for the potential range -0.2 to -1.2 V/AgCl. The data suggest that insulin is bound to silver through ionized tyrosine residues and carboxy terminal groupings. Disulfide linkages are reduced sequentially upon increasing negative potential: A7-B7 at -0.3 to -0.5 V, and A20-B19 at -0.5 to -0.6 V. Rupture of disulfide bonds increases the portion of beta/disordered conformation at the expense of the alpha helix. RP REIPA, V (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-0728 J9 J ELECTROANAL CHEM JI J. Electroanal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 348 IS 1-2 BP 413 EP 428 DI 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80147-A PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA KZ573 UT WOS:A1993KZ57300029 ER PT J AU BEVILACQUA, TJ HANSON, DR HOWARD, CJ AF BEVILACQUA, TJ HANSON, DR HOWARD, CJ TI CHEMICAL IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDIES OF THE GAS-PHASE REACTIONS CF3O2+NO, CF3O+NO, AND CF3O+RH SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CF3 RADICALS; THERMAL-DISSOCIATION; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; ABSOLUTE RATE; KINETICS; FLUORIDE; RECOMBINATION; PEROXIDE; IONS AB We have used a flow tube reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometric (CIMS) detector to study the reactions of trifluoromethylperoxy (CF3O2) and trifluoromethoxy (CF3O) radicals with NO and the reaction of CF3O with isobutane. We have determined the rate coefficient at 297 K for the reaction CF3O2 + NO to be (1.53 +/- 0.20) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (all uncertainties are for 95% confidence limits), in excellent agreement with two previous measurements. The use of the CIMS detection technique has allowed us to observe both CF3O and NO2 as the products of this reaction. Modeling of a secondary reaction between CF3O and NO observed in these studies has yielded an estimate of k = (2 +/- 1) X 10(-11) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for this reaction, in which FNO was observed as a product. A relatively rapid reaction was also observed between CF3O and isobutane, for which a rate coefficient of (5 +/- 3) x 10(-12) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 is estimated. This reaction was seen to proceed by hydrogen abstraction, yielding trifluoromethanol, CF3OH. A much slower H-abstraction reaction was observed between CF3O and methane. The significance of these reactions for the atmospheric fate of the trifluoromethoxy radical is discussed. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,R-E-AL2,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 59 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 15 BP 3750 EP 3757 DI 10.1021/j100117a020 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KX596 UT WOS:A1993KX59600020 ER PT J AU ALFASSI, ZB PADMAJA, S NETA, P HUIE, RE AF ALFASSI, ZB PADMAJA, S NETA, P HUIE, RE TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR REACTIONS OF NO3. RADICALS WITH ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN WATER AND ACETONITRILE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NITRATE; MECHANISM AB Rate constants have been measured for the reactions of the nitrate radical, NO3., with a number of alkanes, alkenes, and arenes in acetonitrile (ACN). The rate constants measured in ACN were greater than the rate constants reported for the same reactions in the gas phase. For several alcohols, rate constants were measured in ACN and in a 60% acetic acid/water solvent. The rate constants in ACN solutions were significantly greater than the values reported previously for aqueous solutions, and those measured in 60% acetic acid were slightly greater than those measured in water. These trends in rate constants are different from those reported for the SO4.- radicals, and the differences are discussed in terms of the effect of the solvent on the radicals and on the transition states of their reactions. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV, IL-84121 BEER SHEVA, ISRAEL. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 15 BP 3780 EP 3782 DI 10.1021/j100117a025 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KX596 UT WOS:A1993KX59600025 ER PT J AU SARDESHMUKH, PD AF SARDESHMUKH, PD TI THE BAROCLINIC CHI PROBLEM AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEATING RATES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; ROTATIONAL FLOW; DIVERGENCE; ENERGY; INITIALIZATION; BUDGETS; WINTER AB The baroclinic chi (chi) problem is the problem of diagnosing the three-dimensional distribution of large-scale vertical motion from the vorticity budget. A solution technique is developed in which a preliminary guess for the associated horizontal divergence field is refined iteratively until the budget is balanced. The advantage of diagnosing the vertical motion in this manner, especially in the tropics, is discussed. An example of the process applied to six boreal winters of ECMWF data suggests several improvements over the diabatically initialized ECMWF analyses, such as much stronger ascent over the convective regions of Africa and South America and a more clearly defined ITCZ in the eastern Pacific. Diabatic heating fields, estimated as a balance requirement in the thermodynamic equation using these dynamically consistent vertical velocities, also seem more realistic. Some ideas on how to combine such heating estimates with rainfall or satellite information are presented. The more general problem of adjusting both the vorticity and divergence fields minimally from a preliminary analysis so as to make them consistent with the vorticity budget is also considered. It is suggested from a scale argument that in most cases the adjustment to the vorticity field will be much smaller than that to the divergence field. The chi problem, in which one adjusts only the divergence field, thus provides a useful approximation to a rather more demanding general problem. Solutions to the general problem are nevertheless feasible, and have implications for the problem of four-dimensional data assimilation with dynamical constraints as well as the spinup problem in numerical weather prediction. RP UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, CAMPUS BOX 449, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1112 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<1099:TBPAIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ474 UT WOS:A1993KZ47400006 ER PT J AU DEMARIA, M BAIK, JJ KAPLAN, J AF DEMARIA, M BAIK, JJ KAPLAN, J TI UPPER-LEVEL EDDY ANGULAR-MOMENTUM FLUXES AND TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY CHANGE SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE INTENSITY; EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AB The eddy flux convergence of relative angular momentum (EFC) at 200 mb was calculated for the named tropical cyclones during the 1989-1991 Atlantic hurricane seasons (371 synoptic times). A period of enhanced EFC within 1500 km of the storm center occurred about every 5 days due to the interaction with upper-level troughs in the midlatitude westerlies or upper-level, cold lows in low latitudes. Twenty-six of the 32 storms had at least one period of enhanced EFC. In about one-third of the cases, the storm intensified just after the period of enhanced EFC. In most of the cases in which the storm did not intensify the vertical shear increased, the storm moved over cold water, or the storm became extratropical just after the period of enhanced EFC. A statistically significant relationship (at the 95% level) was found between the EFC within 600 km of the storm center and the intensity change during the next 48 h. However, this relationship could only be determined using a multiple regression technique that also accounted for the effects of vertical shear and sea surface temperature variations. The EFC was also examined for the ten storms from the 1989-1991 sample that had the largest intensification rates. Six of the ten periods of rapid intensification were associated with enhanced EFC. In the remaining four cases the storms were intensifying rapidly in a low shear environment without any obvious interaction with upper-level troughs. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,SEVERE STORMS BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP DEMARIA, M (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,AOML,DIV HURRICANE RES,4301 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Kaplan, John/A-8709-2014 OI Kaplan, John/0000-0002-7253-3039 NR 28 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1147 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<1133:ULEAMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ474 UT WOS:A1993KZ47400009 ER PT J AU MYATT, CJ NEWBURY, NR WIEMAN, CE AF MYATT, CJ NEWBURY, NR WIEMAN, CE TI SIMPLIFIED ATOM TRAP BY USING DIRECT MICROWAVE MODULATION OF A DIODE-LASER SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate direct microwave modulation of diode lasers operated with optical feedback from a diffraction grating. We obtain substantial fractions of the laser power (2-30%) in a single sideband at frequencies as high as 6.8 GHz with 20 mW of microwave power and simple inefficient microwave coupling. Using a single diode laser modulated at 6.6 GHz, we trapped Rb-87 atoms in a vapor cell. With only 10 mW of microwave power we trapped 85% as many atoms as were obtained by using two lasers in the conventional manner. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NBS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP MYATT, CJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 9 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 18 IS 8 BP 649 EP 651 DI 10.1364/OL.18.000649 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA KX231 UT WOS:A1993KX23100029 PM 19802229 ER PT J AU CAREY, MJ BERKOWITZ, AE BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW AF CAREY, MJ BERKOWITZ, AE BORCHERS, JA ERWIN, RW TI STRONG INTERLAYER COUPLING IN COO/NIO ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SUPERLATTICES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID ANISOTROPY; MODEL; FILMS; COO; NIO AB A strong interlayer-exchange interaction is observed in short-repeat-distance CoO/NiO superlattices. This was investigated by measuring the exchange-anisotropy properties of superlattice CoO/NiO/Ni81Fe19 exchange couples and by examining NiO/CoO superlattices with neutron diffraction. Short-repeat-distance superlattices-show a single ordering temperature which depends only on the [CoO]:[NiO] ratio. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the monoxide layers is strongly influenced by the interlayer coupling. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR MAGNET RECORDING RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP CAREY, MJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 20 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 15 BP 9952 EP 9955 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.9952 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KZ508 UT WOS:A1993KZ50800103 ER PT J AU KIEF, MT EGELHOFF, WF AF KIEF, MT EGELHOFF, WF TI GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF FE AND CO THIN-FILMS ON CU(111), CU(100), AND CU(110) - A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF METASTABLE FILM GROWTH SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Review ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; FCC IRON FILMS; SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; ELECTRON MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; POLARIZED-NEUTRON REFLECTION; ATOMIC EXCHANGE MECHANISM; TRANSITION-METAL ALLOYS; KERR-EFFECT OBSERVATION; ULTRATHIN COBALT FILMS; BY-LAYER GROWTH AB The growth and structure of Fe and Co thin films on single-crystal Cu(111), Cu(100), and Cu(110) substrates have been investigated using x-ray-photoelectron and Auger electron forward scattering, CO-titration, low-energy electron diffraction, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The motivation for this study is to understand the role of surface structure and kinetics in the growth of metal films on metal substrates. The effect of varying substrate growth temperatures between 80 and 450 K plays a prominent role in determining both the film morphology and crystalline phase. Nonideal film growth, including agglomeration of Co and Fe and surface segregation of Cu, is the rule rather than the exception. Simple considerations of surface diffusion and surface free-energy differences provide a basis for understanding why layer-by-layer growth is unlikely to occur in these systems and should not be expected in many other metastable film-substrate systems. RP KIEF, MT (reprint author), NBS, DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 185 TC 302 Z9 302 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 16 BP 10785 EP 10814 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.10785 PG 30 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA LA298 UT WOS:A1993LA29800087 ER PT J AU HUDSON, LT KURTZ, RL ROBEY, SW TEMPLE, D STOCKBAUER, RL AF HUDSON, LT KURTZ, RL ROBEY, SW TEMPLE, D STOCKBAUER, RL TI SURFACE CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS OF BARIUM OBSERVED IN PHOTOEMISSION OF VACUUM-FRACTURED BATIO3(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-EMISSION; SPECTRA; STATES; TIO2 AB When clean, vacuum-fractured surfaces of BaTiO3 are analyzed using ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS), more than one set of barium core levels is observed. Sputtering the surface with ions removes lower-binding-energy intensity within the barium line shapes in UPS spectra while little change is noted in XPS. Sputtering of the surface also causes band bending and the creation of band-gap surface states of Ti 3d character. From a comparison of UPS and XPS Ba 4d line shapes from a vacuum-fractured surface, the lower-binding-energy component is assigned to barium with 12-fold oxygen coordination representative of bulk stoichiometry; the higher-binding-energy intensity originates from undercoordinated barium in the region of the sample surface. Such a negative chemical shift of core levels with increased coordination has been observed in the oxidation of metallic barium as well as in the high-temperature superconductor systems that contain barium. Reasonable values for the energy-dependent attenuation length of electrons in BaTiO3 are derived from the relative intensities of bulk and surface components using a simple model of electron attenuation. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP HUDSON, LT (reprint author), NBS,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 16 BP 10832 EP 10838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.10832 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA LA298 UT WOS:A1993LA29800090 ER PT J AU HE, C WANG, YS WALLACE, JS HSU, SM AF HE, C WANG, YS WALLACE, JS HSU, SM TI EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE WEAR TRANSITION OF ZIRCONIA-TOUGHENED ALUMINA SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON WEAR OF MATERIALS CY APR 13-16, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA ID COMPOSITES; CURVE; SIZE AB The mechanical properties of alumina ceramics can be improved by the addition of pure or partially stabilized zirconia particles. In the present study, the wear characteristics of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) composites under a non-reactive fluid (paraffin oil) lubricated condition were investigated. The wear transition load (i.e. the load at which a rapid increase in wear occurs) increased with increasing zirconia content up to 20 vol.%. The transition from mild to fracture-controlled wear of ZTA depends on the material properties (e.g. hardness, elastic modules), the contact conditions (e.g. hertzian stress, coefficients of friction) and the microstructure of the material. The effect of the microstructure on wear was demonstrated and a Hall-Petch-type relationship between the microfracture stresses and the grain size was found. The effect of the grain size distribution on the wear transition load was also shown. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR 13 PY 1993 VL 162 BP 314 EP 321 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90514-M PN A PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA KY195 UT WOS:A1993KY19500038 ER PT J AU RUFF, AW PETERSON, MB AF RUFF, AW PETERSON, MB TI WEAR OF SELECTED MATERIALS AND COMPOSITES SLIDING AGAINST MOS2 FILMS SO WEAR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON WEAR OF MATERIALS CY APR 13-16, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA AB Improved vacuum deposition methods are now available to produce dense, suitably oriented, durable films of molybdenum disulfide on substrates appropriate for tribological applications. It is of interest to examine materials in sliding contact with such films in order to identify optimum combinations, and to improve further tribological performance of the system. Results of wear and friction measurements are presented on a number of materials including self-lubricating composites sliding against four different types of vacuum-deposited MoS2 films. The testing program utilized a controlled environment, pin-on-ring tribometer, with load and speed conditions appropriate to a possible application. Differences in wear over four orders of magnitude, and friction up to a factor of seven times, were measured among the materials. One application area of interest for these material combinations would be as ball retainers in rolling element bearings for space satellite systems. RP RUFF, AW (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR 13 PY 1993 VL 162 BP 492 EP 497 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90534-S PN A PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA KY195 UT WOS:A1993KY19500058 ER PT J AU SLIFKA, AJ MORGAN, TJ COMPOS, R CHAUDHURI, DK AF SLIFKA, AJ MORGAN, TJ COMPOS, R CHAUDHURI, DK TI WEAR MECHANISM MAPS OF 440C MARTENSITIC STAINLESS-STEEL SO WEAR LA English DT Note AB AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel is the material of choice for the high pressure oxygen turbopump (HPOTP) of the space shuttle main engine (SSME). Tests have been done over a range of sliding speeds from 0.5 to 2.0 m s-1, initial hertzian stresses from 0.915 to 3.66 GPa, and bulk temperatures from - 184-degrees-C (liquid oxygen temperature) to 760-degrees-C, which cover the variations thought to exist in the HPOTP. Data are presented in the form of contour wear maps to allow a more direct view of the interdependencies of the major tribological variables than can be obtained with wear data presented vs. a single variable. Wear maps are used as a tool to aid in the determination of regions dominated by a given wear mode. Parametric combinations that result in transitions between wear modes are more easily detected with the use of wear maps. Wear maps can simplify design by identifying combinations of speed, load, and bulk temperature that need to be avoided, because of undesirable wear modes. C1 TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,DEPT MECH ENGN,NASHVILLE,TN 37203. RP SLIFKA, AJ (reprint author), NBS,DIV MAT RELIABIL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD APR 13 PY 1993 VL 162 BP 614 EP 618 DI 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90551-V PN A PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA KY195 UT WOS:A1993KY19500075 ER PT J AU BEZRUKOV, SM KASIANOWICZ, JJ AF BEZRUKOV, SM KASIANOWICZ, JJ TI CURRENT NOISE REVEALS PROTONATION KINETICS AND NUMBER OF IONIZABLE SITES IN AN OPEN PROTEIN ION CHANNEL SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUREUS ALPHA-TOXIN; QUANTUM JUMPS; BINDING AB In analogy to current fluctuations found in solid state electronic microstructure devices, excess noise generated by the reversible ionization of sites in a transmembrane ionic channel was observed. By analyzing the pH-dependent fluctuations in the current through fully open single channels formed by the alpha-toxin protein, we were able to evaluate the protonation rate constants, the number of sites participating in the protonation process, and the effect of recharging a single site on the channel conductance. C1 NIDDK,LBM,BIOPHYS UNIT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,DIV BIOTECHNOL,BIOSENSORS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BEZRUKOV, SM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 29 TC 123 Z9 125 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 12 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 15 BP 2352 EP 2355 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2352 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KW756 UT WOS:A1993KW75600039 ER PT J AU SLAVIN, JD SHULL, JM BEGELMAN, MC AF SLAVIN, JD SHULL, JM BEGELMAN, MC TI TURBULENT MIXING LAYERS IN THE INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM OF GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GALAXIES, ISM; TURBULENCE ID GALACTIC DISK; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; IONIZED-GAS; CORONAL GAS; DIFFUSE; EMISSION; IONIZATION; CLOUDS; HYDROGEN; RATES AB We propose that turbulent mixing layers are common in the interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy and selected external galaxies, with many layers per kiloparsec along typical lines of sight. Initiated by shear flows at the boundaries of hot and cold gas, these mixing layers produce intermediate-temperature gas at TBAR almost-equal-to 10(5.0)-10(5.5) K that radiates strongly in the optical, ultraviolet, and extreme ultraviolet. Expanding on the idea of Begelman & Fabian, we have modeled these layers under the assumptions of rapid mixing and mean steady flow. By including the effects of nonequilibrium ionization and self-photoionization of the gas as it cools after mixing, we predict the intensities of numerous optical, infrared, and ultraviolet emission lines, as well as absorption column densities of C IV, N V, Si IV, and O VI. Mixing layers can produce the line ratios [S II]/Halpha almost-equal-to 0.5, [N II]/Halpha almost-equal-to 0.3-0.7, and [O II]/[O III] almost-equal-to 2-3, in good agreement with observations of diffuse ionized gas and ''interstellar froth'' in Magellanic irregular galaxies and some edge-on spiral galaxies, and with the extended component of diffuse ionized gas in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. Mixing layers also provide a transfer mechanism from hot to cold gas for reradiation of the energy deposited in the hot interstellar gas by supernovae and stellar winds. The line intensities from a mixing layer are proportional to the gas pressure. In the Galaxy, at a pressure P/k(B) almost-equal-to 3000 cm-3 K, the layers can account for (1) between 2% and 10% of the diffuse Halpha in the Galactic disk; (2) a significant fraction (possibly >30%) of the diffuse Halpha at high latitude, with correct line ratios of [S II], [N II], [O II], and [O III]; (3) all of the high-latitude C IV lambda1550 emission observed by Martin & Bowyer with the observed ratios of O III] lambda1663 to C IV lambda1549 emission and C IV emission to absorption; and (4) the observed column density ratios of the highly ionized species C IV, N V, O VI, and Si IV if one posits some grain depletion. Some approximately 20% of the supernova power and 75 M. yr-1 may be processed through mixing layers. Thus, these processes could have dramatic effects on the energy budget of the Galactic fountain. Further observations of the emission lines O III] lambda1663, [O III] lambda5007, and O VI lambdalambda1032, 1038 at high latitude are important to test our models and to understand the nature of ''frothy'' diffuse ionized gas in the ISM. C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE ASTRON,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP SLAVIN, JD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 63 TC 266 Z9 266 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 1993 VL 407 IS 1 BP 83 EP 99 DI 10.1086/172494 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KV285 UT WOS:A1993KV28500009 ER PT J AU KARYAKIN, EN FRASER, GT SUENRAM, RD AF KARYAKIN, EN FRASER, GT SUENRAM, RD TI MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM OF THE KA = 1 [- 0 ROTATION-TUNNELING BAND OF (D2O)2 SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WATER DIMER; TUNNELING SPECTRUM; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-LEVELS; (H2O)2; CLASSIFICATION; STATES AB A 78-118 GHz synthesizer-driven backward-wave oscillator is used together with klystron sources and frequency doublers to measure the electric-resonance optothermal spectrum of the K(a) = 1 <-- 0 rotation-tunnelling subband of (D2O)2. Transitions are observed originating from each of the six tunnelling states, A1+, B1+, E1+, A2-, B2-, and E2-, allowing an estimate of the largest tunnelling matrix element h4v, characterizing the separation of the A1+, B1+, and E1+ states from the A2-, B2-, and E2- states. We find the average of h4v for the K(a) = 0 and 1 states to be approximately -8943 MHz. A comparison of the K(a) = 1 <-- 0 band origins for the A/B states with the band origin for their E partner gives h2v approximately -6.9 MHz, where h2v is the tunnelling matrix element responsible for the displacement of the E symmetry levels from the center of their interconversion split A/B partners. Values found for the A rotational constant, A approximately 124923 MHz, and h2v are in good agreement with those obtained from the submillimetre measurements of Zwart, E., ter Meulen, J. J., and Meerts, W. L., 1990, Chem. Phys. Lett., 173, 115, on the K(a) = 2 <-- 1 band of the complex. Estimates are presented for the potential barriers to the 1 --> 2, 1 --> 5 and 1 --> 7 tunnelling processes. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP KARYAKIN, EN (reprint author), NIZHNII NOVGOROD,MOLEC SPECT LAB APPL PHYS INST,NIZHNII NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD APR 10 PY 1993 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1189 DI 10.1080/00268979300100771 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KW406 UT WOS:A1993KW40600010 ER PT J AU HUIE, RE CLIFTON, CL AF HUIE, RE CLIFTON, CL TI KINETICS OF THE SELF-REACTION OF HYDROXYMETHYLPEROXYL RADICALS SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; PEROXY-RADICALS; RATE CONSTANTS; SO4; PHOTOOXIDATION; FORMALDEHYDE; MECHANISM AB The rate constant for the self-reaction of the peroxyl radical derived from methanol, HOCH2OO., has been measured over the temperature range 5-53-degrees-C. The radical has a maximum absorptivity of 970 l mol-1 cm-1 at 240 nm and an absorptivity of about 510 l mol-1 cm-1 at 280 nm. From a modified Arrhenius fit to the data, the rate constant at 25-degrees-C was calculated to be k298K = (7.4 +/- 0.1) x 10(8) l mol-1 s-1 and the temperature dependence of the reaction to be E/R= 1395+/-66 K. As part of this study, the rate constant for the recombination of the sulfate radical, SO4-., was found to be (4.4 +/- 0.4) x 10(8) l mol-1 s-1, independent of temperature over the range 12 to 53-degrees-C. RP HUIE, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 1993 VL 205 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(93)89222-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KV519 UT WOS:A1993KV51900007 ER PT J AU LIN, X CHAMEIDES, WL AF LIN, X CHAMEIDES, WL TI CCN FORMATION FROM DMS OXIDATION WITHOUT SO2 ACTING AS AN INTERMEDIATE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; PER-TRILLION LEVELS; SEA-SALT SULFATE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN; SULFUR AB An alternate pathway for generating cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL) from the oxidation of biogenically-derived dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is proposed. This pathway invokes the production of H2SO4 from DMS without SO2 serving as an intermediate in the oxidation sequence. The H2SO4 thus produced then undergoes bimolecular nucleation to form tiny sulfate condensation nuclei (CN). These CN rapidly grow to sizes sufficiently large to act as CCN. While CCN production from SO2. appears to be inefficient, model calculations indicate that the alternate pathway is capable of generating significant numbers of new CCN in the MBL within a two to three day time period. The alternate pathway also suggests a strong coupling between oceanic emissions of DMS and the number of CCN in die MBL. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30332. RP LIN, X (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 9 PY 1993 VL 20 IS 7 BP 579 EP 582 DI 10.1029/93GL00805 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KY310 UT WOS:A1993KY31000010 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF IRIKURA, KK JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI DETECTION OF (BF)-B-11 AND (BF)-B-10 BY RESONANCE-ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BORON; SPECTRUM; DIAMOND AB The mass-resolved, one-color, 2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectrum of the BF radical between 304 and 337 nm is reported and rotationally analyzed. The B 1SIGMA+ (3s) <-- <-- X 1SIGMA+ origin is observed to have a strong Q branch and much weaker O and S branches. Since they are forbidden in one photon, these rotational branches have not been previously observed. This is the first REMPI study of any boron-containing radical. We find that 2 + 1 REMPI is a convenient method for the detection of boron monofluoride, having sensitivity better than 10(8) cm-3. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 1993 VL 62 IS 14 BP 1697 EP 1698 DI 10.1063/1.109579 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KV995 UT WOS:A1993KV99500041 ER PT J AU WEETALL, HH ROBERTSON, B CULLIN, D BROWN, J WALCH, M AF WEETALL, HH ROBERTSON, B CULLIN, D BROWN, J WALCH, M TI BACTERIORHODOPSIN IMMOBILIZED IN SOL-GEL GLASS SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA LA English DT Note DE BACTERIORHODOPSIN; MUTANT; PROTEIN ENCAPSULATION; (H-HALOBIUM) ID RHODOPSIN; FILMS AB The 96N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) has been successfully entrapped in a sol-gel glass. The protein retains it light-sensitive properties when immobilized at pH 9.0. Spectroscopic studies on the immobilized BR shows properties similar to the those observed when in suspension. C1 USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN,VA 22448. USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,DAHLGREN DIV,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. CTR MARINE BIOTECHNOL,BALTIMORE,MD. RP WEETALL, HH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3002 J9 BIOCHIM BIOPHYS ACTA PD APR 5 PY 1993 VL 1142 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0005-2728(93)90105-O PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KW775 UT WOS:A1993KW77500029 ER PT J AU WAGSHUL, ME HELMERSON, K LETT, PD ROLSTON, SL PHILLIPS, WD HEATHER, R JULIENNE, PS AF WAGSHUL, ME HELMERSON, K LETT, PD ROLSTON, SL PHILLIPS, WD HEATHER, R JULIENNE, PS TI HYPERFINE EFFECTS ON ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION OF ULTRACOLD SODIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER MODIFICATION; ATOMIC-COLLISIONS; TRAPPED SODIUM AB We observe a new resonance structure in the associative ionization spectrum of laser-cooled sodium due to the collision of two atoms in different ground hyperfine states. This associative ionization is due to doubly resonant excitation at moderate internuclear separation through intermediate molecular states. Substructure within this resonance is evidence for the role of molecular bound states in this process. We present calculations modeling the effect of ground-state hyperfine structure, the importance of which was unanticipated in earlier theoretical studies. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV MOLEC PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP WAGSHUL, ME (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV ATOM PHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 18 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 5 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 14 BP 2074 EP 2077 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2074 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KV974 UT WOS:A1993KV97400006 ER PT J AU DEPONDT, P NEUMANN, DA TREVINO, SF AF DEPONDT, P NEUMANN, DA TREVINO, SF TI MAXIMUM-ENTROPY AS A TOOL FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE C-AXIS PROFILE OF LAYERED COMPOUNDS SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AMMONIA; POTASSIUM AB A simple procedure for the determination of the structure normal to the basal plane of layered compounds based on the now ubiquitous maximum-entropy method is presented. It is illustrated by the analysis of room-temperature (00l) elastic neutron-scattering experiments performed on two graphite intercalation compounds, stage 3 C44.6MoCl5 and stage 1 KC24(ND3)4.3. The former example is quite simple, requiring only a crude heuristic model to determine the structure-factor phases. The latter shows good sensitivity to the orientation of the ND3 threefold axis with respect to the basal plane, thus providing its first direct determination. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ARDEC,PICATINNEY ARSENAL,NJ. RP DEPONDT, P (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 06,DEPT RECH PHYS,CNRS,URA 71,F-75252 PARIS 05,FRANCE. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Commun. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 49 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1107/S0108768192011522 PN 2 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA KY782 UT WOS:A1993KY78200002 ER PT J AU HOLM, EA SROLOVITZ, DJ CAHN, JW AF HOLM, EA SROLOVITZ, DJ CAHN, JW TI MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION IN 2-DIMENSIONAL 2-PHASE POLYCRYSTALS SO ACTA METALLURGICA ET MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-GROWTH; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DOMAIN-GROWTH; POTTS-MODEL; KINETICS; DIMENSIONS AB In two-dimensional polycrystals composed of alpha-phase and beta-phase grains the stability of alphaalphaalpha, betabetabeta, alphaalphabeta and alphabetabeta three-grain junctions and alphabetaalphabeta four-grain junctions depends on the alpha-alpha, beta-beta and alpha-beta interfacial energies. A computer simulation which generates thermodynamically consistent microstructures for arbitrary interfacial energies has been utilized to investigate microstructural evolution in such polycrystals when phase volume is not conserved. Since grain shapes, phase volume, and phase arrangements are dictated by interfacial energies, clustered-, alternating-, isolated-, and single-phase microstructures occur in different interfacial energy regimes. Despite great differences in microstructure, polycrystals which contain only three-grain junctions evolve with normal grain growth kinetics. In contrast, structures containing flexible four-grain junctions eventually stop evolving. We conclude that two-dimensional polycrystals continually evolve when grain junction angles are thermodynamically fixed, while grain growth ultimately ceases when grain junction angles may vary. Predictions concerning three-dimensional and phase-volume conserved systems are made. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. NBS, MAT SCI & ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 23 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0956-7151 J9 ACTA METALL MATER JI Acta Metall. Mater. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1119 EP 1136 DI 10.1016/0956-7151(93)90160-T PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA KT083 UT WOS:A1993KT08300013 ER PT J AU SCHAPIRA, RM MARGOLIS, S MORRISEY, JF COLLINSLECH, C EFFROS, RM DAWSON, C AF SCHAPIRA, RM MARGOLIS, S MORRISEY, JF COLLINSLECH, C EFFROS, RM DAWSON, C TI ASCORBIC AND DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID ACCUMULATION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CYTOCHROME-C REDUCTION IN THE PERFUSATE OF THE ISOLATED-PERFUSED RAT LUNG SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ZABLOCKI VET ADM MED CTR,DIV PULM CRIT CARE MED,MILWAUKEE,WI. ZABLOCKI VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT PHYSIOL,MILWAUKEE,WI. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A441 EP A441 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901672 ER PT J AU WEETALL, HH GAIGALAS, AK AF WEETALL, HH GAIGALAS, AK TI A METHOD FOR THE ASSAY OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES USING DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US / JAPAN WORKSHOP ON MICROFABRICATION AND BIOSENSORS CY JUL 21-24, 1992 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP NATL SCI FDN DE ENZYME; TRYPSIN; PAPAIN; ALPHA-AMYLASE; AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE; DNAASE-I; DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING; ASSAY; ANALYSIS; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; AGGREGATION; DESTABILIZATION AB Dynamic light-scattering techniques have been successfully used for the assay of several hydrolytic enzymes. The enzymes were assayed using substrate-coated colloidal particles. Hydrolysis of the substrate coat causes destabilization of the particles followed by particle aggregation. The rate of particle aggregation can be related to the initial concentration of added enzyme. RP WEETALL, HH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD APR-MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1007/BF02918539 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA LL844 UT WOS:A1993LL84400020 PM 8215336 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, AJS AF HAMILTON, AJS TI OMEGA FROM THE ANISOTROPY OF THE REDSHIFT CORRELATION-FUNCTION IN THE IRAS-2 JANSKY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE COSMOLOGY, OBSERVATIONS; GALAXIES, CLUSTERING; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE OF UNIVERSE ID GALAXIES AB Peculiar velocities distort the correlation function of galaxies in redshift space. In the linear regime, the distortion has a characteristic quadrupole plus hexadecapole form, with amplitude depending on the cosmological density parameter OMEGA. I report here measurements of the anisotropy of the correlation function in the IRAS 2 Jy redshift survey. The inferred value of OMEGA is OMEGA = 0.5(+0.5/-0.25). C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HAMILTON, AJS (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOX 440,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 406 IS 2 BP L47 EP L50 DI 10.1086/186783 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KU611 UT WOS:A1993KU61100002 ER PT J AU DENNIS, RL MCHENRY, JN BARCHET, WR BINKOWSKI, FS BYUN, DW AF DENNIS, RL MCHENRY, JN BARCHET, WR BINKOWSKI, FS BYUN, DW TI CORRECTING RADM SULFATE UNDERPREDICTION - DISCOVERY AND CORRECTION OF MODEL ERRORS AND TESTING THE CORRECTIONS THROUGH COMPARISONS AGAINST FIELD DATA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE REGIONAL ACID DEPOSITION MODELING; RADM; REGIONAL AMBIENT SULFATE; NONPRECIPITATING CLOUDS AND REGIONAL SULFATE; REGIONAL MODEL EVALUATION; RADM EVALUATION; EULERIAN MODEL EVALUATION FIELD STUDY ID ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SULFUR; CLOUDS AB A serious underprediction of ambient sulfate (SO42-) by two comprehensive, Eulerian models of acid deposition, the Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) and the Acid Deposition and Oxidant Model(ADOM), was found in the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program phase of the Eulerian Model Evaluation Field Study (EMEFS) model evaluation. Two hypotheses were proposed to explain the cause of the underprediction in RADM: insufficient SO42- production by nonprecipitating convective clouds and insufficient primary SO42- emissions. Modifications of the RADM cloud and scavenging module to simulate nonprecipitating cumulus clouds better are described in detail, Three contrasting pairs of tests using data from the EMEFS were applied to these hypotheses: source vs downwind regions, mid-summer vs late summer seasons and sunny-dry vs cloudy-wet synoptic types. The SO42- emissions hypothesis, tested by artificially boosting SO42- emissions, fared better than expected but was rejected because of its poor performance on the regional and seasonal contrast tests. The RADM nonprecipitating cumulus modification successfully captured the seasonal and the late summer synoptic contrasts but improvement is still needed for the regional and mid-summer synoptic contrasts. C1 COMP SCI CORP, DIV APPL TECHNOL, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 6 BP 975 EP 997 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90012-N PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LC618 UT WOS:A1993LC61800012 ER PT J AU PLEIM, JE CHING, JKS AF PLEIM, JE CHING, JKS TI INTERPRETIVE ANALYSIS OF OBSERVED AND MODELED MESOSCALE OZONE PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN AREAS WITH NUMEROUS POINT SOURCES SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE PLUME PHOTOCHEMISTRY; MESOSCALE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY MODEL; SUBGRID SCALE ID ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; PLUMES; FORMULATION; URBAN AB The Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM) has been applied to several of the field experiments that were part of the Acid Model Operational and Diagnostic Evaluation Study (AcidMODES) to assess the model's ability to simulate photochemical production of ozone in regions dominated by point source emissions. The comparison of model simulations at different grid resolutions suggests that increased resolution improves the simulation of ozone photochemistry in such regions. Further analysis of NO(x) and HO(x) concentrations and photochemical production rates of ozone, however, show that the model's response to large point source emissions is very unsystematic both spatially and temporally. This is due to the model's inability to simulate realistically the small-scale (subgrid) gradients in precursor concentrations in and around large point source plumes. Because of the inherently nonlinear nature of ozone photochemistry with respect to concentrations of NO(x) and VOC, ozone formation rates in model grid cells depend enormously on grid resolution, dispersion rates (primarily wind speed and mixed layer height), chemical background (VOCs and radicals) and NO(x) emission rates. Thus, the notion that increased grid resolution leads to better simulations of ozone photochemistry is not necessarily true. This analysis points to the need to incorporate some kind of subgrid parameterization of plume photochemistry into mesoscale Eulerian grid models. RP PLEIM, JE (reprint author), NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27711 USA. RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 6 BP 999 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90013-O PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LC618 UT WOS:A1993LC61800013 ER PT J AU GREIG, R PEREIRA, JJ AF GREIG, R PEREIRA, JJ TI METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN AMERICAN LOBSTER AND CHANNELED WHELK FROM 2 DREDGE SPOIL DUMP SITES IN LONG-ISLAND SOUND SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP GREIG, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,MILFORD LAB,MILFORD,CT 06460, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 4 BP 626 EP 632 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KL497 UT WOS:A1993KL49700023 PM 8467152 ER PT J AU ROGERS, RR ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA GAGE, KS ETHIER, SA AF ROGERS, RR ECKLUND, WL CARTER, DA GAGE, KS ETHIER, SA TI RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF A BOUNDARY-LAYER WIND PROFILER SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB A small UHF radar wind profiler was operated over a 40-day period during the summer of 1990 at a site on the windward coast of the island of Hawaii. It provided continuous measurements of winds up to the height of the trade-wind inversion, which varied in altitude from about 2 to 4 km during the course of the experiments. The inversion was readily discernible in the data as an elevated layer of high reflectivity, caused by the sharp gradient of refractive index at that level. With a wavelength of 33 cm, the profiler has about the same sensitivity to light rain as to moderately reflective clear air. The data have provided unexpected information on rain development, wave motions on the inversion, sustained vertical air motions at low levels, and interactions between convection and the inversion echo. This paper gives examples of some of the observations, indicating the wide range of applications of boundary-layer profilers. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ROGERS, RR (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,MONTREAL H3A 2T5,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 74 IS 4 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0567:RAOABL>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY078 UT WOS:A1993KY07800002 ER PT J AU MARTNER, BE WUERTZ, DB STANKOV, BB STRAUCH, RG WESTWATER, ER GAGE, KS ECKLUND, WL MARTIN, CL DABBERDT, WF AF MARTNER, BE WUERTZ, DB STANKOV, BB STRAUCH, RG WESTWATER, ER GAGE, KS ECKLUND, WL MARTIN, CL DABBERDT, WF TI AN EVALUATION OF WIND PROFILER, RASS, AND MICROWAVE RADIOMETER PERFORMANCE SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; RADARS AB Several ground-based remote sensors were operated together in Colorado during February and March 1991 to obtain continuous profiles of the kinematic and thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere. Instrument performance is compared for five different wind profilers. Each was equipped with Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) capability to measure virtual temperature. This was the first side-by-side comparison of all three of the most common wind profiler frequencies: 50, 404, and 915 MHz. The 404-MHz system was a NOAA Wind Profiler Demonstration Network (WPDN) unit. Dual-frequency microwave radiometers that measured path-integrated water vapor and liquid water content were also evaluated. Frequent rawinsonde launches from the remote-sensor sites provided an extensive set of in situ measurements for comparison. The winter operations provide a severe test of the profiler/RASS capabilities because atmospheric scattering is relatively weak and acoustic attenuation is relatively strong in cold, dry conditions. Nevertheless, the lower-frequency systems exhibited impressive height coverage for wind and virtual temperature profiling, whereas the high-frequency units provided higher-resolution measurements near the surface. Comparisons between remote sensor and rawinsonde data generally showed excellent agreement. The results support more widespread use of these emerging technologies. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. RP MARTNER, BE (reprint author), NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 74 IS 4 BP 599 EP 613 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0599:AEOWPR>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY078 UT WOS:A1993KY07800005 ER PT J AU POWELL, MD AF POWELL, MD TI WIND MEASUREMENT AND ARCHIVAL UNDER THE AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM (ASOS) - USER CONCERNS AND OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVEMENT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE AB The National Weather Service, as a part of its modernization effort, is implementing the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). Much discussion has occurred about various aspects of ASOS versus the current system of manual and automated observations. Based upon a study of the ASOS specifications and an informal survey of potential ASOS winddata users, defects of the wind sampling and archival strategy chosen for ASOS are discussed in terms of their impact on various user groups. Limitations include: 1) hourly observation average periods that do not conform to international recommendations for wind reporting made by the World Meteorological Organization, 2) no regular archival of high-resolution data-potentially valuable research data are destroyed if not identified within a 12-h period, and 3) no emergency power for operation in severe weather conditions. An alternative sampling and archiving strategy is recommended that benefits a wider cross section of users, without detracting from aviation and forecast service requirements, at a cost of less than 1% of the original ASOS portion of the weather service modernization budget. RP POWELL, MD (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 74 IS 4 BP 615 EP 623 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0615:WMAAUT>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY078 UT WOS:A1993KY07800006 ER PT J AU AUCIELLO, EP LAVOIE, RL AF AUCIELLO, EP LAVOIE, RL TI COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH ACTIVITIES BETWEEN NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OPERATIONAL OFFICES AND UNIVERSITIES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The modernization of the National Weather Service (NWS) will provide new datasets along with advanced technological capabilities that will enhance our understanding of meteorological and hydrological processes. Improved local warning and forecast techniques should flow from this new understanding. The knowledge transfer to improved services can be greatly accelerated by local partnerships with universities and others in the scientific community. Hence, a key objective of the modernization and associated restructuring of the NWS is to stimulate collaborative research activities among weather forecast off ices, river forecast centers, universities, and others in the scientific community. This article describes steps the NWS is taking to improve opportunities for collaboration. RP AUCIELLO, EP (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF METEOROL,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 74 IS 4 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1175/1520-0477(1993)074<0625:CRABNW>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY078 UT WOS:A1993KY07800007 ER PT J AU RUGH, DJ SHELDEN, KEW AF RUGH, DJ SHELDEN, KEW TI POLAR BEARS, URSUS-MARITIMUS, FEEDING ON BELUGA WHALES, DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Note DE POLAR BEAR; URSUS-MARITIMUS; BELUGA WHALE; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; BOWHEAD WHALE; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; PREDATION; BARROW; ALASKA AB Two sightings of Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) with dead Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) on ice were made by aerial teams looking for Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus) during their spring migration near Point Barrow, Alaska, from 1985 to 1992. Along with other sightings of Belugas being killed and eaten by Polar Bears reported in the literature. these records suggest that Belugas may make an important contribution to the diet of Polar Bears in some areas. RP RUGH, DJ (reprint author), NOAA,NMFS,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,BLDG 4,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 21 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3264 POSTAL STATION C, OTTAWA ON K1Y 4J5, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 107 IS 2 BP 235 EP 237 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NQ376 UT WOS:A1993NQ37600019 ER PT J AU STONE, RP OCLAIR, CE SHIRLEY, TC AF STONE, RP OCLAIR, CE SHIRLEY, TC TI AGGREGATING BEHAVIOR OF OVIGEROUS FEMALE RED KING CRAB, PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS, IN AUKE BAY, ALASKA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Ovigerous female red king crab, Paralithodes camtschaticus, monitored with ultrasonic biotelemetry, displayed distinct seasonal shifts in habitat use and bathymetric distribution. Crab occupied deep water between June and mid-November, relatively shallow water between mid-November and early March, and returned to deeper water prior to molting and mating in spring. Females were nonrandomly distributed within both depth ranges but seasonally changed their behavior and degree of association with conspecifics. Tagged crab were more aggregated (lower mean nearest neighbor distances) in winter than in summer and fall (F-test, P < 0.01). Winter SCUBA observations supported these results; females of mixed age-classes formed dense aggregations in shallow water, and crab exhibited ''podding'' behavior similar to that reported for younger age-classes. Adult males were associated with aggregations during late winter and early spring. Observations from the manned submersible Delta indicated that females were nonrandomly distributed in the deepwater habitat as well and probably formed loosely knit feeding aggregations there. Seasonal changes in aggregation densities and benthic areas used were the same during the two consecutive years of this study. C1 UNIV ALASKA FAIRBANKS,SCH FISHERIES & OCEAN SCI,JUNEAU CTR,JUNEAU,AK 99801. RP STONE, RP (reprint author), NOAA,CTR NW & ALASKA FISHERIES,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 4 BP 750 EP 758 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK199 UT WOS:A1993LK19900008 ER PT J AU BENCE, JR GORDOA, A HIGHTOWER, JE AF BENCE, JR GORDOA, A HIGHTOWER, JE TI INFLUENCE OF AGE-SELECTIVE SURVEYS ON THE RELIABILITY OF STOCK SYNTHESIS ASSESSMENTS SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB We used Monte Carlo simulations to examine the reliability of assessments following a method of separable catch-at-age analysis (Methot's stock synthesis approach). Our simulations were based on the widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas) fishery off the west coast of the continental United States. We designed the study to examine how the performance of the method depended upon the age-specific selectivity pattern of a survey of relative abundance. When survey selectivity increased asymptotically with age, stock synthesis estimates of final year biomass (and most other parameters) tended to be closest to the correct value. When the survey concentrated on young fish the estimates were least reliable. When the survey selectivity was ''dome-shaped,'' concentrating on intermediate-aged fish, estimates were somewhat less precise (and less accurate) than for the asymptotic pattern but much more precise than for the survey concentrating on young fish. Predictably, estimates of recruitment and biomass were better at a higher fishing mortality rate and when the magnitude of survey error was lower. Generally, mean errors in estimated biomass and recruitment were positive, while median errors were close to zero. This pattern is due to transformation bias associated with a lognormal error structure. C1 PASEO NACL,INST CIENCIAS MAR,E-08039 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP BENCE, JR (reprint author), TIBURON LAB,CTR SW FISHERIES SCI,3150 PARADISE DR,TIBURON,CA 94920, USA. RI Gordoa, Ana/A-1470-2013; Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Gordoa, Ana/0000-0003-1822-8196; Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 4 BP 827 EP 840 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK199 UT WOS:A1993LK19900017 ER PT J AU TRITES, AW YORK, AE AF TRITES, AW YORK, AE TI UNEXPECTED CHANGES IN REPRODUCTIVE RATES AND MEAN AGE AT 1ST BIRTH DURING THE DECLINE OF THE PRIBILOF NORTHERN FUR-SEAL (CALLORHINUS-URSINUS) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AVERAGE AGE; FOOD-INTAKE; POPULATION; FERTILITY; FATNESS; WEIGHT; MODEL AB From 1956 to 1968, female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) were harvested on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, in an effort to increase the productivity of the herd. In theory, pregnancy rates should have increased and the age at first birth should have declined as population density was reduced. Instead the opposite happened: pregnancy rates dropped and age of first birth increased. It is unlikely that these changes were caused by shortages of food or poor physical condition of the females, given that body size increased over this period. The most likely explanations for the changes observed between 1958 and 1974 are related to altered age and sex ratios of breeding animals caused by the depletion of females and/or the harvesting of young males. Changes in pregnancy rates and age at first birth are inconsistent with the density-dependence paradigm and suggest that relative densities of mature age and sex classes on the breeding beaches (a product of social interactions and territory size) may be more consequential than absolute population densities in affecting the reproductive biology of northern fur seals. C1 PACIFIC BIOL STN,DEPT FISHERIES & OCEANS,NANAIMO V9R 5K6,BC,CANADA. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 4 BP 858 EP 864 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK199 UT WOS:A1993LK19900020 ER PT J AU Miller, BR Coppola, VT AF Miller, Bruce R. Coppola, Vincent T. TI SYNCHRONIZATION OF PERTURBED NON-LINEAR HAMILTONIANS SO CELESTIAL MECHANICS & DYNAMICAL ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Duffing equation; Hamiltonian systems; Lie transformation; non-canonical transformations; perturbation theory; synchronization AB We propose a new method based on Lie transformations for simplifying perturbed Hamiltonians in one degree of freedom. The method is most useful when the unperturbed part has solutions in non-elementary functions. A non-canonical Lie transformation is used to eliminate terms from the perturbation that are not of the same form as those in the main part. The system is thus transformed into a modified version of the principal part. In conjunction with a time transformation, the procedure synchronizes the motions of the perturbed system onto those of the unperturbed part. A specific algorithm is given for systems whose principal part consists of a kinetic energy plus an arbitrary potential which is polynomial in the coordinate; the perturbation applied to the principal part is a polynomial in the coordinate and possibly the momentum. We demonstrate the strategy by applying it in detail to a perturbed Duffing system. Our procedure allows us to avoid treating the system as a perturbed harmonic oscillator. In contrast to a canonical simplification, our method involves only polynomial manipulations in two variables. Only after the change of time do we start manipulating elliptic functions in an exhaustive discussion of the flows. C1 [Miller, Bruce R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coppola, Vincent T.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miller@cam.nist.gov; coppola@krylov.engin.umich.edu FU Applied Mathematics Program at the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency; Office of Naval Technology's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The authors would like to thank Andre Deprit for many worthwhile discussions on the subject. This work was supported in part by the Applied Mathematics Program at the Defense Advanced Research Program Agency (Washington, D. C.) (B. R. M.) and by the Office of Naval Technology's Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C.) (V. T. C.). NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2958 J9 CELEST MECH DYN ASTR JI Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. PD APR PY 1993 VL 55 IS 4 BP 331 EP 350 DI 10.1007/BF00692993 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Mathematics GA V05NG UT WOS:000207132100003 ER PT J AU SPRINTALL, J TOMCZAK, M AF SPRINTALL, J TOMCZAK, M TI ON THE FORMATION OF CENTRAL WATER AND THERMOCLINE VENTILATION IN THE SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID AGULHAS RETROFLECTION; PACIFIC OCEAN; CIRCULATION; MASSES AB A statistical method is used to measure the similarity between the surface T-S characteristics of the region 30-degrees-45-degrees-S with that of the vertical T-S relationship between 10-degrees and 20-degrees-S. This follows ISELIN's notion, first proposed in 1939 (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 3, 565-599) that the Central Water of the subtropical oceans originates in the Subtropical Convergence (STC), where it is formed by subduction of the fluid through Ekman pumping out of the mixed layer, and propagates towards the tropics by isopycnal spreading. His classical schematic diagram shows how the surface T-S characteristics along a meridional track across the STC coincide with the T-S characteristics of a vertical profile through the thermocline at lower latitudes. Iselin's original concept depicts, in the geostrophic regime, a strictly zonal movement of water and neglects any reference to gyre-scale oceanic circulation within a basin. The technique described here accounts for subduction along the isopycnals, and includes both meridional and zonal circulation within and between the basins. Results are presented for each of the four seasons in the three major oceanic basins using the 1-degrees-square LEVITUS (Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, 1982) data set. An RMS statistic is calculated based on minimising the difference in spiciness between the T-S points that lie along the same isopycnal at the surface and at depth. (Spiciness is a quantity that compares the relative contributions of temperature and salinity to density change, and is defined by a certain orthogonality condition with density.) Results show that the water most likely to be subducted to form the thermocline waters of the entire tropical South Pacific (10-degrees-20-degrees-S) from 155-degrees-E to 100-degrees-W is the surface water of the STC in the western South Pacific between 155-degrees-E and 130-degrees-W. Formation occurs mainly during winter, but evidence for subduction is found in other seasons. The results indicate the presence of a ''shadow zone'' in the southeastern section of the South Pacific gyre. For the Indian Ocean, no shadow zone is present, and highest correlations again occurred during winter in the STC from 72-degrees-E to 110-degrees-E. In the South Atlantic Ocean, Central Water formation occurs both in the Brazil/Malvinas Current confluence region, and also in the subtropical western Indian Ocean, indicating leakage from the Agulhas retroflection. C1 UNIV SYDNEY,INST OCEAN SCI,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. RP SPRINTALL, J (reprint author), NOAA,PMEL,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS F05,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98105, USA. OI Tomczak, Matthias/0000-0002-8416-5851 NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 1993 VL 40 IS 4 BP 827 EP 848 DI 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90074-D PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA LC002 UT WOS:A1993LC00200012 ER PT J AU FARMER, GL AYUSO, R PLAFKER, G AF FARMER, GL AYUSO, R PLAFKER, G TI A COAST MOUNTAINS PROVENANCE FOR THE VALDEZ AND ORCA GROUPS, SOUTHERN ALASKA, BASED ON ND, SR, AND PB ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-MARGIN ASSEMBLAGE; PRINCE-WILLIAM TERRANE; CENTRAL-GNEISS-COMPLEX; CANADIAN CORDILLERA; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; PLUTONIC COMPLEX; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; EVOLUTION; ROCKS; BATHOLITH AB Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic data were obtained for fourteen fine- to coarse-grained samples of accreted flysch of the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Valdez and Orca Groups in southern Alaska to determine the flysch provenance. Argillites and greywackes from the Orca Group, as well as compositionally similar but higher metamorphic grade rocks from the Valdez Group, show a restricted range of correlated epsilon(Nd) (-0.6 to -3.8) and Sr-87/Sr-86 (0.7060-0.7080) at the time of sediment deposition (approximately 50 Ma). Pb isotopic compositions also vary over a narrow range (Pb-206/Pb-204 = 19.138-19.395, Pb-207/Pb-204 = 15.593-15.703, Pb-208/Pb-204 = 38.677-39.209), and in the Orca Group the samples generally become more radiogenic with decreasing epsilon(Nd) and increasing Sr-87/Sr-86. All samples have similar trace element compositions characterized by moderate light rare earth element enrichments, and low ratios of high field strength elements to large ion lithophile elements. Based on petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data the sedimentary rocks are interpreted to have been derived largely from a Phanerozoic continental margin arc complex characterized by igneous rocks with epsilon(Nd) values between 0 and -5. The latter conclusion is supported by the epsilon(Nd) values of a tonalite clast and a rhyodacite clast in the Orca Group (epsilon(Nd) = -4.9 and -0.9, respectively). However, trondjemitic clasts in the Orca Group have significantly lower epsilon(Nd)(approximately -10) and require a derivation of a portion of the flysch from Precambrian crustal sources. The Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions of both the Valdez and Orca Groups overlap the values determined for intrusive igneous rocks exposed within the northern portion of the Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary Coast Mountains Plutonic Complex in western British Columbia and equivalent rocks in southeastern Alaska. The isotopic data support previous conclusions based on geologic studies which suggest that the flysch was shed from this portion of the batholith, and from overlying continental margin arc-related volcanic rocks, following its rapid uplift in the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. The Precambrian crustal material present in the flysch may have been derived from Late Proterozoic or older metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks now exposed along the western margin of the Coast Mountains Plutonic Complex. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. US GEOL SURVEY,RESTON,VA 22092. US GEOL SURVEY,MENLO PK,CA 94025. RP FARMER, GL (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD APR PY 1993 VL 116 IS 1-4 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90042-8 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA LA737 UT WOS:A1993LA73700002 ER PT J AU KRAHN, MM YLITALO, GM BUZITIS, J CHAN, SL VARANASI, U WADE, TL JACKSON, TJ BROOKS, JM WOLFE, DA MANEN, CA AF KRAHN, MM YLITALO, GM BUZITIS, J CHAN, SL VARANASI, U WADE, TL JACKSON, TJ BROOKS, JM WOLFE, DA MANEN, CA TI COMPARISON OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY FLUORESCENCE SCREENING AND GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS FOR AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS IN SEDIMENTS SAMPLED AFTER THE EXXON-VALDEZ OIL-SPILL SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBONS; SPECTROSCOPY; WATER AB After the grounding of the Exxon Valdez, sediment samples were collected to determine the degree and distribution of the oiling. Sixty sediments from 10 sites in Prince William Sound, AK, were analyzed for Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO) using a rapid HPLC screening method that measured fluorescence at wavelength pairs specific for two- and three-ring petroleum-related aromatic compounds (ACs). Concentrations of individual ACs in the sediments were also determined by GC/MS to compare the results of the two methods. Concentrations of ACs measured by HPLC screening were highly correlated with the sums of ACs determined by GC/MS, thus validating the screening method as an effective tool for estimating concentrations of petroleum-related ACs in sediments. Moreover, differences in HPLC chromatographic patterns among sediments suggested different sources of contamination, e.g., crude oil or diesel fuel. Finally, GC/MS analyses confirmed that PBCO was a primary source of contamination in many sediments. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,GEOCHEM & ENVIRONM RES GRP,COLL STN,TX 77845. NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,DIV COASTAL MONITORING & BIOEFFECTS ASSESSMENT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP KRAHN, MM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,DIV ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,2725 MONTLAKE BLVD E,SEATTLE,WA 98112, USA. RI Wade, Terry/A-4012-2012 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 699 EP 708 DI 10.1021/es00041a013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KU952 UT WOS:A1993KU95200023 ER PT J AU FORWARD, RB MCKELVEY, LM HETTLER, WF HOSS, DE AF FORWARD, RB MCKELVEY, LM HETTLER, WF HOSS, DE TI SWIMBLADDER INFLATION OF THE ATLANTIC MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL MIGRATION; GULF-MENHADEN AB Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus larvae inflate their swimbladders at night and deflate them during the day. The present study considered the relationship of inflation to light intensity, the time-course of inflation, and the presence of an endogenous rhythm in inflation. The percentage of laboratory-reared larvae that inflate their swimbladders increased upon sudden exposure to a decrease in light intensity. Percentage inflation was maximal at an intensity of 10(13) photons cm-2 s-1 and lower. For any specific size of larvae, the inflation volume did not vary significantly with light intensity, but volume increased with total larval length. Inflation began within 5 min of introduction into darkness, and maximum percent inflation was evident by 20 min. There was a rhythm in which darkness induced a low percent inflation during the day phase and a high percentage at the beginning of the dark-phase. This dramatic increase in inflation at sunset may function for predator avoidance. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,BEAUFORT LAB,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. RP FORWARD, RB (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,SCH ENVIRONM,MARINE LAB PIVERS ISL,BEAUFORT,NC 28516, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000007 ER PT J AU KIMURA, DK SHIMADA, AM LOWE, SA AF KIMURA, DK SHIMADA, AM LOWE, SA TI ESTIMATING VON BERTALANFFY GROWTH-PARAMETERS OF SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA AND PACIFIC COD GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS USING TAG-RECAPTURE DATA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID AGE LENGTH DATA; CURVE PARAMETERS; VARIABILITY AB Recent papers have provided new insights into the problem of estimating von Bertalanffy growth parameters from tag-recapture data. In particular, the inconsistency and bias of Fabens' (1965) estimates appear to have been addressed by James (1991). Using simulation, we examine the pattern of bias associated with different error assumptions for Fabens' estimates, weighted Fabens' estimates proposed by James, and a robust method also proposed by James. Our results corroborate James' finding that his robust estimates can be significantly less biased than other methods. We then apply these estimators to tag-recapture data obtained for sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria found in the Gulf of Alaska and off the U.S. west coast, and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus found in the eastern Bering Sea. These species are difficult to directly age, so tag-recapture data provide welcomed independent estimates of growth parameters and an indirect method of validating age-determination criteria. The von Bertalanffy parameter estimates using tag-recapture data and James' method were most similar to estimates calculated directly from length-at-age data. RP KIMURA, DK (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,7600 SAND POINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000009 ER PT J AU LOUGH, RG POTTER, DC AF LOUGH, RG POTTER, DC TI VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND DIEL MIGRATIONS OF LARVAL AND JUVENILE HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS AND ATLANTIC COD GADUS-MORHUA ON GEORGES BANK SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SAMPLING ZOOPLANKTON; SCOTIAN SHELF; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-SEA; FISHES; GROWTH; BEHAVIOR; GADOIDS; MOCNESS; FIELD AB Vertical distribution patterns of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and Atlantic cod Gadus morhua are summarized from eight research cruises on Georges Bank, during spring and summer 1981-86. Eggs and larvae were sampled at discrete depths with a 1 m2 MOCNESS, pelagic juveniles with a 10 m2 MOCNESS, and recently-settled juveniles with a bottom trawl supplemented with submersible observations. In well-mixed waters during early spring, eggs and larvae were distributed throughout the water column. Upon stratification of waters over the outer margin of Georges Bank in mid-May, the larval population was concentrated in the thermocline; the stronger the stratification, the more larvae were confined to this depth zone. At well-mixed shoal sites, pelagic larvae remained distributed throughout the water column. Differences in day and night distribution patterns provided evidence to indicate that larvae began migrating as small as 6-8 mm; however, clear sampling differences were evident for larvae only at body lengths of >9-13 mm. Larvae tended to be deeper during the day and shoaler by night; larger larvae had a greater vertical range. Pelagic juveniles (>20 mm) occurred deeper in the water column as they grew. By mid-July most juveniles (approximately 40 mm) were associated with the bottom. The transition from pelagic to demersal life (approximately 40-100 mm) probably occurs over a period of 1-2 mo. Recently-settled juveniles remained demersal by day and migrated upwards 3-5 m at night. Their excursions off-bottom decreased in amplitude with larger sizes. Haddock remained closer to bottom both day and night at a smaller size than cod. The diel vertical behavior of cod may be strongly related to the light-dark cycle, whereas behavior of haddock was more variable. Some differences in vertical distributions between haddock and cod can be attributed to morphology and feeding behavior. RP LOUGH, RG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 59 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 281 EP 303 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000010 ER PT J AU PRAGER, MH MACCALL, AD AF PRAGER, MH MACCALL, AD TI DETECTION OF CONTAMINANT AND CLIMATE EFFECTS ON SPAWNING SUCCESS OF 3 PELAGIC FISH STOCKS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA - NORTHERN ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX, PACIFIC SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX, AND CHUB MACKEREL SCOMBER-JAPONICUS SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; RECRUITMENT; REGRESSION AB We describe a simple biostatistical model of reproductive success (logarithm of recruits/spawner) applied to three coastal pelagic fish stocks off southern California: northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, and chub mackerel Scomber japonicus. We used the model to detect possible influences of gross climatic conditions and contaminant loadings (particularly of metals and organochlorines) on reproduction in these three stocks. Data included several decades of annual estimates of recruitment and stock size, monthly measures of climate, and annual estimates of contaminant loadings; the model included a compensatory stock-size component before adding environmental effects. The study was meant to generate, rather than test, hypotheses. For the chub mackerel stock, we detected climate influences, but no contaminant influences, on reproductive success, which was usually high during conditions typical of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. For the northern anchovy stock, we detected no climate or contaminant influences on spawning success; however, the negative results may reflect low statistical power, rather than absence of contaminant influences. For spawning success in the Pacific sardine stock, we detected no consistent climate influences, but we found a strong negative correlation with contaminant loadings. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that contaminant loadings accelerated the collapse of the Pacific sardine stock while it was under stress from severe overfishing. Although many scientific questions about validation of models, mechanisms of action, and identity of specific deleterious contaminants remain to be answered, the observed data are well described by the hypothesis of contaminant-mediated decline. C1 NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP PRAGER, MH (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SE FISHERIES SCI CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 310 EP 327 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000012 ER PT J AU SHEPHERD, GR IDOINE, JS AF SHEPHERD, GR IDOINE, JS TI LENGTH-BASED ANALYSES OF YIELD AND SPAWNING BIOMASS PER RECRUIT FOR BLACK-SEA BASS CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA, A PROTOGYNOUS HERMAPHRODITE SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; MODELS AB Dynamic pool models were originally developed to evaluate the effect of exploitation on gonochoristic species of fishes. Consequently, application of these models to hermaphroditic species may lead to erroneous conclusions. The objective of our analysis was to develop an alternative method for estimation of yield-per-recruit and spawning stock biomass-per-recruit that incorporates the effect of sex transformation. Life-history characteristics such as the rate of sex change, growth, and mortality are size-specific; therefore, a length-based model was produced using a series of time-invariant distributed delays. The model incorporates a sequence of length-stages through which the cohort moves, at rates determined from empirical length data. At each length-interval, fish may die, move to the next interval, or switch sex according to a probability distribution of transformation. The model tracks the cohort through time and length categories as an aggregation of individuals rather than a representative average. The estimate of yield-per-recruit for a protogynous hermaphrodite, black sea bass Centropristis striata, differed little from traditional models. The distributed delay model with a sex-transformation phase produced considerably lower estimates of spawning stock biomass-per-recruit than the model with traditional assumptions. Potentially erroneous estimates of biological reference points using standard methods for hermaphroditic species may be overcome with use of a distributed delay model, which can incorporate size-specific life-history dynamics. RP SHEPHERD, GR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 328 EP 337 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000013 ER PT J AU SMITH, WG MORSE, WW AF SMITH, WG MORSE, WW TI LARVAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS - EARLY SIGNALS FOR THE COLLAPSE RECOVERY OF ATLANTIC HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS IN THE GEORGES BANK AREA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID STOCK DISCRETENESS; MAINE; GROWTH; GULF; ABUNDANCE; FISHES AB Changing temporal and spatial distribution patterns of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus larvae collected off southern New England over two decades provided early signals of large-scale changes in adult spawning biomass that are now a matter of record. Four contrasting spawning patterns were evident during the 20 yr period. Each pattern covered successive multi-year intervals and reflected the corresponding status of the adult population. In 1971, spawning occurred throughout the Georges Bank/Nantucket Shoals/Massachusetts Bay study area. The principal spawning grounds of herring in the Gulf of Maine region were located on the Northeast Peak of Georges Bank. With the collapse of the Georges Bank fishery in 1976, spawning receded westward to Nantucket Shoals. By 1979, larvae occurred only in the Stellwagen Banks area of Massachusetts Bay, the smallest of the three subareas. After a 6yr hiatus, spawning beds on Nantucket Shoals were reoccupied in 1985. By 1988 spawning had advanced eastward to Cultivator Shoals on Georges Bank, but through 1990 we found no evidence of renewed spawning activity on the historically-prominent spawning beds on Northeast Peak. The rebuilding process was attributed to recolonization rather than resurgence. RP SMITH, WG (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,SANDY HOOK LAB,HIGHLANDS,NJ 07732, USA. NR 35 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 338 EP 347 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000014 ER PT J AU SQUIRE, JL AF SQUIRE, JL TI RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF PELAGIC RESOURCES UTILIZED BY THE CALIFORNIA PURSE-SEINE FISHERY - RESULTS OF AN AIRBORNE MONITORING PROGRAM, 1962-90 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EGG AB During the period 1962-90, an aerial monitoring program conducted in cooperation with aerial spotters searching for pelagic fishes off California and Baja California, Mexico resulted in the development of an index of apparent abundance for six species of fishes: the northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax, Pacific bonito Sarda chiliensis, Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus, and bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus. Northern anchovy was the dominant species observed, accounting for 89.7% of tonnage recorded during 1962-90. Chub mackerel comprised 6.1% of the total tonnage, jack mackerel 2.1%, Pacific sardine 1.0%, Pacific bonito 0.6%, and bluefin tuna 0.5%. Apparent abundance indices were computed by dividing the tonnage observed by the number of ''block areas'' (10' lat. X 10'' long.) searched, expressed as tons/block area flown (T/BAF). Indices were calculated for the total area and for the core area of distribution and abundance for each species. All species exhibited large fluctuations in apparent abundance over time. The apparent abundance index for Pacific sardine declined to a very low level during 1966-83. A substantial increase in abundance occurred during the mid- to late-1980s, with the 1990 index value 58 times that observed during the early 1960s. The chub mackerel abundance index declined to a very low level during 1966-76, then increased to a record high value in 1978 and has since declined. The northern anchovy abundance index increased in the early 1970s, with high abundance levels recorded during 1972-81, and then declined sharply to very low levels in the 1980s. The Pacific bonito abundance index was high during 1965-67 and 1983-85, with current levels well below the long-term mean. Very high abundance index levels for jack mackerel were recorded during 1975-79, then declining to very low levels in the 1980s. The bluefin tuna abundance index increased during 1972-80, declining to very low index values since. Based on these data, several species appear to be fluctuating unpredictably with respect to species abundance over time. Aerial indices were compared with available total, spawning, and larval biomass estimates developed for several species. The most significant correlation of the aerial index was between the northern anchovy and Pacific sardine larval indices. RP SQUIRE, JL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,8604 LA JOLLA SHORES DR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 348 EP 361 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000015 ER PT J AU BARTOO, N HOLTS, D AF BARTOO, N HOLTS, D TI ESTIMATED DRIFT GILLNET SELECTIVITY FOR ALBACORE THUNNUS-ALALUNGA SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP BARTOO, N (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA LAB,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92038, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000017 ER PT J AU HAYNES, EB AF HAYNES, EB TI STAGE-I ZOEAE OF LABORATORY-HATCHED LOPHOLITHODES-MANDTII (DECAPODA, ANOMURA, LITHODIDAE) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Note RP HAYNES, EB (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,AUKE BAY LAB,11305 GLACIER HIGHWAY,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 379 EP 381 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LV380 UT WOS:A1993LV38000018 ER PT J AU VANDAM, TM WAHR, J AF VANDAM, TM WAHR, J TI THE ATMOSPHERIC LOAD RESPONSE OF THE OCEAN DETERMINED USING GEOSAT ALTIMETER DATA SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE AIR SEA INTERACTIONS; ALTIMETRY; EKMAN DUMPING; INVERTED BAROMETER; SEA LEVEL ID SEA-LEVEL; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; WIND AB Approximately one year's worth of altimeter-derived sea-surface heights are compared with global sea-level pressure fields to verify the open ocean inverted barometer response (-1 cm mb-1). When pressure is fit to the sea-surface height along individual altimeter tracks, the response is found to be only 60-70 per cent of the theoretical response or approximately -0.6 to -0.7 cm mb-1. Fits at fixed geographic locations show a clear dependence on latitude. There is a steady decrease in the absolute value of the regression coefficient between 70-degrees and 20-degrees, and then an abrupt increase again closer to the equator. A simple error analysis demonstrates that errors in the pressure data would reduce the along-track regression values, as is observed, and could produce a similar latitude dependence. But, the errors are unlikely to be large enough to explain the entire departure from inverted barometer. We estimate that pressure errors are apt to perturb the along-track track results by no more than about 0.1-0.2 cm mb-1. The possibility that the remaining disagreement is due to a global coherence between wind- and pressure-driven sea-surface height variability is considered. Winds driven by the pressure gradients of synoptic storms induce a sea-surface height response that is opposite in direction to that caused by the pressure cell. The wind-driven response is estimated for a stationary storm over a homogeneous barotropic ocean and for a moving storm over a two-layer baroclinic ocean by modelling the pressure cell as an idealized Gaussian distribution. The model results indicate that the wind-induced sea-surface height depends on both the radius and the translational velocity of the pressure cell. But, the winds associated with storms moving at average speeds of 10 m s-1 are apt to lower the theoretical pressure response in the model by only approximately 0.1 cm mb-1. The surface stress associated with those winds has the same latitudinal trend between 70-degrees and 20-degrees as the regression coefficients. But, the response of the ocean to that stress does not appear to exhibit the same trend. Nevertheless, the abrupt change in the regression coefficients near the equator suggests the apparent non-inverted barometer response may reflect a real change in sea-surface height related to atmospheric forcing (though the results near the equator are not as well defined as those at higher latitudes). C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD APR PY 1993 VL 113 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb02524.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KV466 UT WOS:A1993KV46600001 ER PT J AU SOLER, T VANGELDER, BHW AF SOLER, T VANGELDER, BHW TI THE EARTHS EQUATORIAL PRINCIPAL AXES AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA - COMMENT SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note C1 DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,FAC GEODET ENGN,2629 JA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. RP SOLER, T (reprint author), NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,NATL GEODET SURVEY,COAST & GEODET SURVEY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD APR PY 1993 VL 113 IS 1 BP 268 EP 269 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb02546.x PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KV466 UT WOS:A1993KV46600023 ER PT J AU SOLER, T VANGELDER, BHW AF SOLER, T VANGELDER, BHW TI THE EARTHS EQUATORIAL PRINCIPAL AXES AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA - REPLY SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Note C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,NATL GEODET SURVEY,COAST & GEODET SURVEY,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,FAC GEODET ENGN,2629 JA DELFT,NETHERLANDS. RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD APR PY 1993 VL 113 IS 1 BP 271 EP 271 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb02548.x PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KV466 UT WOS:A1993KV46600025 ER PT J AU KANE, JS AF KANE, JS TI REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR MICROPROBE ANALYSIS AND FOR ISOTOPIC STUDIES - MISSING ASPECTS OF GEOSTANDARDS NEWSLETTERS REPORTING ON GEOSTANDARDS SO GEOSTANDARDS NEWSLETTER LA English DT Article ID GEOCHEMICAL REFERENCE SAMPLES; ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION DATA; ROCK REFERENCE SAMPLES; RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; 1987 COMPILATION; STANDARD; YTTRIUM RP KANE, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEOSTANDARDS PI VANDOEUVRE NANCY PA 15 RUE NOTRE-DAME-DES-PAUVRES BP 20, 54501 VANDOEUVRE NANCY, FRANCE SN 0150-5505 J9 GEOSTANDARD NEWSLETT JI Geostand. Newsl. PD APR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1993.tb00123.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA KX906 UT WOS:A1993KX90600004 ER PT J AU DZIUBA, RF ELMQUIST, RE AF DZIUBA, RF ELMQUIST, RE TI IMPROVEMENTS IN RESISTANCE SCALING AT NIST USING CRYOGENIC CURRENT COMPARTORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID NBS AB Cryogenic current comparators (CCC's) are being used at NIST to verify Hamon-type resistance scaling techniques from 1 to 100 OMEGA, 1 kOMEGA, 6453.20 OMEGA, and 10 kOMEGA. Measurements comparing the 10/1, 64.532/1, and 100/1 ratios of CCC's to that of Hamon transfer ratios agree to = 0.01 ppm, the practical limit of accuracy using Hamon transfer standards with conventional resistance bridges. The higher ratio accuracies and sensitivities of CCC bridges will make it possible to lower the uncertainties associated with resistance scaling at NIST significantly. RP DZIUBA, RF (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 126 EP 130 DI 10.1109/19.278534 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500006 ER PT J AU AVRAMOV, S OLDHAM, NM JARRETT, DG WALTRIP, BC AF AVRAMOV, S OLDHAM, NM JARRETT, DG WALTRIP, BC TI AUTOMATIC INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE DIVIDER BRIDGE FOR OPERATION FROM 10 HZ TO 100 KHZ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB A bridge to calibrate programmable and manual inductive voltage dividers is described. The bridge is based on a programmable 30 b binary inductive voltage divider with terminal linearity of +/-0.1 ppm in phase and +/-2 ppm quadrature at 400 Hz. Measurements of programmable test dividers can be automated using software developed to align the bridge components and perform an automatic balance. RP AVRAMOV, S (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1109/19.278535 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500007 ER PT J AU WALLS, FL AF WALLS, FL TI SECONDARY STANDARD FOR PM AND AM NOISE AT 5, 10, AND 100 MHZ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a practical implementation of a portable secondary standard for phase modulation (PM) and amplitude modulation (AM) noise at 5, 10, and 100 MHz. The accuracy of the standard for both PM and AM noise is +0.14 dB, and the temperature coefficient is less than 0.02 dB/K. The noise floor S(phi)(10 kHz) of the standard for PM noise measurements is less than -190 dBC relative to 1 rad2/Hz at 5, 10, and 100 MHz. The noise floor for AM measurements depends on the configuration. A calibrated level of PM and AM noise of approximately -130 +/- 0.2 dB relative to 1 rad2/HZ (for Fourier frequencies from approximately 1 Hz to 10% of the carrier frequency) is used to evaluate the accuracy versus Fourier frequency. Similar PM/AM noise standards are under test at 10 GHz. This new standard can also be used as an alternative to the normal method of calibrating the conversion sensitivity of the PM/AM detector for PM/AM measurements. Some types of time-domain measurement equipment can also be calibrated. RP WALLS, FL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1109/19.278536 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500008 ER PT J AU KIM, CG WILLIAMS, ER SASAKI, H YE, S OLSEN, PT TEW, WL AF KIM, CG WILLIAMS, ER SASAKI, H YE, S OLSEN, PT TEW, WL TI NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE-BASED CURRENT-VOLTAGE SOURCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB A one-ampere current has been stabilized using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. A pair of tandem solenoids produces two uniform magnetic fields in opposite directions, and these fields are not affected by external magnetic shielding. The current and background field are controlled to within 0.1 ppm over an 8 h period. C1 KOREA RES INST STAND & SCI,MAGNET LAB,TAEJON,SOUTH KOREA. US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ELECTROTECH LAB,TSUKUBA,JAPAN. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 153 EP 156 DI 10.1109/19.278539 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500011 ER PT J AU ELMQUIST, RE AF ELMQUIST, RE TI LEAKAGE CURRENT DETECTION IN CRYOGENIC CURRENT COMPARATOR BRIDGES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB Several tests have been developed to locate leakage currents in cryogenic current comparator (CCC) resistance ratio bridges used at NIST to measure ratios of 1000 OMEGA/100 OMEGA, 6453.2 OMEGA/100 OMEGA, and 10 kOMEGA/100 OMEGA. The major advantage of the tests is that they can be performed in situ using the sensitivity of the CCC bridge. These test procedures have been used to reduce the leakage error uncertainty of CCC ratio measurements linking working standards to the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) and to the NIST calculable capacitor experiment. CCC bridges require that the current which passes through a standard resistor must equal the current through the appropriate CCC winding to very high precision. This can be difficult to verify at or below 1 pA because a large number of possible leakage paths exist. Errors due to six important leakage current paths are given, and the calculated changes in the resistance ratio are compared with measurements made with a controlled leakage resistance in a 100 OMEGA/1 OMEGA CCC bridge. RP ELMQUIST, RE (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 167 EP 169 DI 10.1109/19.278542 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500014 ER PT J AU CAGE, ME AF CAGE, ME TI QUANTIZED DISSIPATION OF THE QUANTUM HALL-EFFECT AT HIGH CURRENTS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID BREAKDOWN AB Quantized dissipative voltage states are observed when large currents are passed through a high-quality quantized Hall resistance device. These dissipative states are interpreted as occurring when electrons are excited to higher Landau levels and then return to the original Landau level. We show that the quantization is more complicated than previously thought. For example, the quantization can be a function of magnetic field. Therefore, the dissipative voltage quantization can, in general, be difficult to verify and determine. RP CAGE, ME (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 176 EP 178 DI 10.1109/19.278544 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500016 ER PT J AU TEW, WL WILLIAMS, ER AF TEW, WL WILLIAMS, ER TI FLUX-LOCKED CURRENT SOURCE REFERENCE SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB The quantization of flux in a closed superconducting circuit is used to provide a stable reference current. A 10 mA current source is coupled through a toroidal transformer to a dc SQUID input, and the resulting signal is fed back as an error current. The result is a net flux linkage that exhibits short-term stability of 1 part in 10(9)/h. The net current is quantized with a step size of 59.4 nA, and it will exhibit the same stability as the flux provided the mutual inductance of the transformer remains constant. This current is passed through a precise 100 OMEGA resistor and compared against Zener diode references. The observed temperature coefficient for the flux transformer is 28.5 +/- 3 ppm/K at 4.2 K. Possible sources for the temperature dependence are discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1109/19.278546 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500018 ER PT J AU OLDHAM, NM HETRICK, PS AF OLDHAM, NM HETRICK, PS TI CHARACTERIZED GENERATOR EXTENDS PHASE METER CALIBRATIONS FROM 50 KHZ TO 20 MHZ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB A phase-angle generator made by phase locking two function generators is described. The generator produces two sine waves that are programmable in phase (0-360-degrees), amplitude (0-40 V(rms)), and frequency (< 1 Hz - 20 MHz). Phase linearities within +/-0.1-degrees are achieved without external phase standards. RP OLDHAM, NM (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,TECHNOL ADM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 311 EP 313 DI 10.1109/19.278572 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500044 ER PT J AU SOULEN, RJ FOGLE, WE COLWELL, JH AF SOULEN, RJ FOGLE, WE COLWELL, JH TI MODELING FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS AND NOISE THERMOMETRY USING AN R-SQUID NOISE THERMOMETER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article AB We have measured the white and additive noise generated by an R-SQUID noise thermometer whose temperature was varied from 6.3 mK to 0.738 K. We have also conducted room temperature simulations of the effect of white and additive noise on the circuit used to measure the noise for the R-SQUID. We generally found that the measured noise in all cases was fit to within the 0.1% statistical measurement imprecision by a model for the R-SQUID based on frequency modulation. This conformity is sufficiently good that any deficiencies in either do not lead to systematic inaccuracies in the noise temperature scale which exceed 0.1%. Comparisons of the R-SQUID with several other thermometers indicate that the overall agreement is at worst 0.2%. C1 NIST,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SOULEN, RJ (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,CODE 6344,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 320 EP 323 DI 10.1109/19.278574 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500046 ER PT J AU VARBERG, TD EVENSON, KM AF VARBERG, TD EVENSON, KM TI LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF CARBON-MONOXIDE - A FREQUENCY REFERENCE FOR THE FAR-INFRARED SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONS; CONSTANTS; CO AB The rotational spectrum of carbon monoxide ((CO)-C-12-O-16) in the far infrared has been accurately measured. Calculated CO rotational frequencies derived from a least-squares fit to these data are given for the range J'' = 0 to 45 and are accurate to less-than-or-equal-to 20 kHz (2 sigma) for J'' less-than-or-equal-to 28. These frequencies form the most accurate far infrared frequency reference reported to date. C1 NIST,DIV TIME & FREQUENCY,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 412 EP 414 DI 10.1109/19.278593 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500065 ER PT J AU CHARTIER, JM LABOT, J SASAGAWA, G NIEBAUER, TM HOLLANDER, W AF CHARTIER, JM LABOT, J SASAGAWA, G NIEBAUER, TM HOLLANDER, W TI A PORTABLE IODINE STABILIZED HE-NE-LASER AND ITS USE IN AN ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETER SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILITY; GRAVITY AB A portable, robust, and easy to use iodine-stabilized laser operating at a wavelength of 633 nm has been realized at the BIPM. The size of the laser and its electronic servo are such that they can be installed in a suitcase having dimensions acceptable in an aircraft cabin as hand baggage. The performance of this laser is comparable to that of stationary lasers. A frequency repeatability of a few parts in 10(11) and a frequency stability that can reach 2 parts in 10(13) on a 300 s sample time have been achieved. The radiation emitted by the laser can be used as a reference for optical interferometry for several years without the need for periodic calibration and its life is limited by that of the laser tube. A prototype has been installed in an absolute gravimeter and continuous sets of g measurements extending over more than thirty-hour periods have been achieved with standard deviations on the average value of g of about 2.5 parts in 10(8). C1 AXIS INSTRUMENTS,BOULDER,CO 80301. NOAA,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP CHARTIER, JM (reprint author), BUR INT POIDS & MESURES,F-92312 SEVRES,FRANCE. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 420 EP 422 DI 10.1109/19.278595 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500067 ER PT J AU DRULLINGER, RE SHIRLEY, JH LOWE, JP GLAZE, DJ AF DRULLINGER, RE SHIRLEY, JH LOWE, JP GLAZE, DJ TI ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE NIST OPTICALLY PUMPED PRIMARY FREQUENCY STANDARD SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID CESIUM-BEAM; TRANSITIONS AB The major sources of systematic error in the NIST optically pumped primary frequency standard have been evaluated with an uncertainty of a few parts in 10(14). The cavity end-to-end phase shift is the only item which differed markedly from expectations based on the design and/or measurements made during assembly. We think the difference is attributable to the physical dimensions of the cavity and not to its asymmetry. The device will begin to function as the U.S. primary frequency standard, even before planned extensions to the analysis presented here and improvements to the laser and servo electronics allow evaluation at its full design accuracy of one part in 10(14). RP DRULLINGER, RE (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1109/19.278603 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500075 ER PT J AU VANDEGRIFT, CT YOSHIHIRO, K PALM, EC WAKABAYASHI, J KAWAJI, S AF VANDEGRIFT, CT YOSHIHIRO, K PALM, EC WAKABAYASHI, J KAWAJI, S TI REEXAMINATION OF QUANTUM HALL PLATEAUS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID QUANTIZED HALL; RESISTANCE; SILICON AB Even though the unit of electrical resistance was based on the quantum Hall effect starting January 1, 1990, our understanding of the fundamental physics of current flow, contacting, and impurity effects in quantum Hall systems remains incomplete. This paper examines some recently discovered effects which may affect quantum Hall resistance determinations. We also describe improvements to the NIST potentiometric measurement system and present new data comparing the i = 4 plateaus of a Si-MOSFET and a GaAs heterostructure with a room temperature reference resistance. C1 ELECTROTECH LAB,TSUKUBA 305,JAPAN. GAKUSHUIN UNIV,TOSHIMA KU,TOKYO 171,JAPAN. CHUO UNIV,BUNKGO KU,TOKYO 112,JAPAN. RP VANDEGRIFT, CT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1109/19.278626 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500096 ER PT J AU KINARD, JR ZHEN, Z HUANG, DX REBULDELA, G JANIK, D DEVREEDE, J AF KINARD, JR ZHEN, Z HUANG, DX REBULDELA, G JANIK, D DEVREEDE, J TI INTERCOMPARISON OF THERMAL CONVERTERS AT NIM, NIST, PTB, SIRI, AND VSL FROM 10 TO 100 MHZ SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article ID RF-DC DIFFERENCES; STANDARDS AB Coaxial thermal voltage converters have been intercompared among NIM, NIST, PTB, SIRI, and VSL in the frequency range from 10 MHz to 100 MHz. The intercomparisons were made from 1988 through 1990. This paper briefly describes the highly varied methods and underlying principles on which RF-dc difference determinations are based in each laboratory, the transport standards used, and the results of the intercomparisons. The results from the participating laboratories are in very good agreement; therefore, we believe that the determinations of RF-dc difference in this frequency range are very well established. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NIST,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL INST METROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. SHAOXING IND RES INST,SHAOXING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP KINARD, JR (reprint author), US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 2 BP 618 EP 621 DI 10.1109/19.278640 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA LP755 UT WOS:A1993LP75500110 ER PT J AU LAESECKE, A AF LAESECKE, A TI CORRELATION OF THE IDEAL-GAS PROPERTIES OF 5 AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOLUENE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PRESSURES; ISOBUTANE; 1000-BAR; METHANE; 178-K; 800-K AB The ideal gas thermodynamic properties c(p)degrees(T), s-degrees(T), and h-degrees(T) - h-degrees(0) have been correlated for benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene by a uniform, semiempirical function of temperature. The correlation is based on literature values calculated from statistical mechanics for temperatures up to 1500 K for benzene and up to 3000 K for the other molecules. The temperature function chosen is more accurate than that used for previous correlations, and can be used in a wider temperature range. RP LAESECKE, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 4 BP 759 EP 761 DI 10.1021/ie00016a028 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA KX518 UT WOS:A1993KX51800028 ER PT J AU WALLINGTON, TJ POTTS, AR ANDINO, JM SIEGL, WO ZHANG, Z KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE AF WALLINGTON, TJ POTTS, AR ANDINO, JM SIEGL, WO ZHANG, Z KURYLO, MJ HUIE, RE TI KINETICS OF THE REACTION OF OH RADICALS WITH T-AMYL METHYL-ETHER REVISITED SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN O(P-3); MECHANISMS; ATOMS AB The kinetics of the reaction of OH radicals with t-amyl methyl ether (TAME) have been reinvestigated using both absolute (flash photolysis resonance fluorescence) and relative rate techniques. Relative rate experiments were conducted at 295 K in 99 kPa (740 torr) of synthetic air using ethyl t-butyl ether, cyclohexane, and di-isopropyl ether as reference compounds. Absolute rate experiments were performed over the temperature range 240-400 K at a total pressure of 4.7 kPa (35 torr) of argon. Rate constant determinations from both techniques are in good agreement and can be represented by k1 = (6.32 +/- 0.72) x 10(-12) exp[(-40 +/- 70)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1. (1) OH + CH3OC(CH3)2C2H5 (TAME) --> products Quoted errors represent 2sigma from the least squares analysis and do not include any estimate of systematic errors. We show that results from the previous kinetic study of reaction (1) are in error due to the presence of a reactive impurity. Results are discussed in terms of the atmospheric chemistry of TAME. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WALLINGTON, TJ (reprint author), FORD MOTOR CO,RES STAFF,POB 2053,DEARBORN,MI 48121, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010; Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD APR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1002/kin.550250406 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KU422 UT WOS:A1993KU42200005 ER PT J AU MOELLER, CC STRABALA, KI MENZEL, WP AF MOELLER, CC STRABALA, KI MENZEL, WP TI HIGH-RESOLUTION DEPICTION OF ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE, STABILITY AND SURFACE-TEMPERATURE FROM COMBINED MAMS AND VAS RADIANCES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RETRIEVALS AB With the development of remote sensing as a research tool, meteorological investigations into mesoscale (meso beta and meso gamma scales) spatial variability of the Earth's atmosphere and surface have become feasible. While meso beta scale (20-200 km) atmospheric and surface variability has been the subject of much investigation, relatively little effort has been made to study meso gamma scale (2-20 km) variation, primarily because few remote sensing systems exist that can provide meaningful information at meso gamma scales. In an effort to gain further understanding of mesoscale variability of the Earth-atmosphere system, aircraft-borne Multi-spectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS) 100 metre resolution radiometric data and geostationary-borne VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) 8 km resolution radiometric data have been used together in a physical retrieval method to produce 100 metre resolution depictions of atmospheric moisture, stability and skin temperature. The VAS, with its infrared sounding capability, provides the vertical information to the retrieval while the MAMS, with its 100 metre resolution, provides the horizontal information. The retrievals show mesoscale features including a moist tongue intrusion and an urban heat island. Meso gamma scale gradients are found to exceed meso beta scale gradients, and significant meso gamma scale variability is not captured in current geostationary sounding data. Horizontal atmospheric moisture and stability and skin temperature gradients are detectable at spatial resolutions down to 300 metres, the smallest resolution at which the gradients were evaluated. This suggests that improvements to the spatial resolution (while maintaining good signal-to-noise) of operational sounding data will yield improved information on atmospheric and surface gradients, especially at the meso gamma scale. C1 NOAA,NESDIS,ADV SATELLITE PROD PROJECT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MOELLER, CC (reprint author), COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1133 EP 1158 PG 26 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LG220 UT WOS:A1993LG22000009 ER PT J AU ZRNIC, DS BALAKRISHNAN, N ZIEGLER, CL BRINGI, VN AYDIN, K MATEJKA, T AF ZRNIC, DS BALAKRISHNAN, N ZIEGLER, CL BRINGI, VN AYDIN, K MATEJKA, T TI POLARIMETRIC SIGNATURES IN THE STRATIFORM REGION OF A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; SQUALL LINE; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; POLARIZATION; THUNDERSTORM; SNOWFLAKES; KINEMATICS; ANVIL; HAIL AB Four polarimetric measurands were collected in the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system. The four are the reflectivity factor, the differential reflectivity, the correlation coefficient between orthogonal copolar echoes, and the differential propagation constant. Most striking is a signature of large aggregates (about 10 mm in size) seen in the differential phase through the melting layer. Another significant feature is an abrupt notch in the correlation coefficient that occurs towards the bottom of the bright band. Aircraft observations and a one-dimensional cloud model are used to explain some polarimetric measurements and to infer the presence of aggregates, graupel, and supercooled cloud water in the stratiform region. These unique observations and model data provide inferences concerning the presence of graupel and the growth of large aggregates in the melting layer. C1 INDIAN INST SCI,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,BANGALORE 560012,KARNATAKA,INDIA. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT ENGN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. PENN STATE UNIV,COMMUN & SPACE SCI LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP ZRNIC, DS (reprint author), NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,DOPPLER RADAR & REMOTE SENSING RES,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 25 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 4 BP 678 EP 693 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0678:PSITSR>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KW381 UT WOS:A1993KW38100009 ER PT J AU ROGERS, RR BAUMGARDNER, D ETHIER, SA CARTER, DA ECKLUND, WL AF ROGERS, RR BAUMGARDNER, D ETHIER, SA CARTER, DA ECKLUND, WL TI COMPARISON OF RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS MEASURED BY RADAR WIND PROFILER AND BY AIRPLANE SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Wind profilers are radars that operate in the VHF and UHF bands and are designed for detecting the weak echoes reflected by the optically clear atmosphere. An unexpected application of wind profilers has been the revival of an old method of estimating drop size distributions in rain from the Doppler spectrum of the received signal. Originally attempted with radars operating at microwave frequencies, the method showed early promise but was seriously limited in application because of the crucial sensitivity of the estimated drop sizes to the vertical air velocity, a quantity generally unknown and, at that time, unmeasurable. Profilers have solved this problem through their ability to measure, under appropriate conditions, both air motions and drop motions. This paper compares the drop sizes measured by a UHF profiler at two altitudes in a shower with those measured simultaneously by an instrumented airplane. The agreement is satisfactory, lending support to this new application of wind profilers. C1 NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307. NOAA,AERONOMY LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP ROGERS, RR (reprint author), MCGILL UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,805 SHERBROOKE ST W,MONTREAL H3A 2K6,QUEBEC,CANADA. NR 20 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 4 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0694:CORSDM>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KW381 UT WOS:A1993KW38100010 ER PT J AU WEBER, LA GOODWIN, ARH AF WEBER, LA GOODWIN, ARH TI EBULLIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE VAPOR-PRESSURE OF DIFLUOROMETHANE SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article AB We have used a comparative ebulliometer to make accurate measurements of the vapor pressure of difluoromethane (R32) in the range 49-214 kPa, which corresponds to temperatures on ITS-90 between 208 and 237 K. The results are represented with an Antoine equation and are compared with literature values. We have combined our results with literature values, and we present an interpolating equation for the vapor pressure at temperatures between 190 K and the critical temperature (351.36 K). We also tabulate thermodynamic properties for R32 on the saturation boundary between 200 and 250 K. RP WEBER, LA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1021/je00010a018 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA KX580 UT WOS:A1993KX58000018 ER PT J AU CUNDARI, TR STEVENS, WJ AF CUNDARI, TR STEVENS, WJ TI EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIAL METHODS FOR THE LANTHANIDES SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; ABINITIO; COMPLEXES; ORGANOLANTHANIDES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ATOMS AB In this paper a complete set of effective core potentials (ECPs) and valence basis sets for the lanthanides (Ce to Lu) are derived. These ECPs are consistent not only within the lanthanide series, but also with the third-row transition metals which bracket them. A 46-electron core was chosen to provide the best compromise between computational savings and chemical accuracy. Thus, the 5s and 5p are included as ''outer'' core while all lower energy atomic orbitals (AOs) are replaced with the ECP. Generator states were chosen from the most chemically relevant + 3 and + 2 oxidation states. The results of atomic calculations indicate that the greatest error vs highly accurate numerical potential/large, even-tempered basis set calculations results from replacement of the large, even-tempered basis sets with more compact representations. However, the agreement among atomic calculations remains excellent with both basis set sizes, for a variety of spin and oxidation states, with a significant savings in time for the optimized valence basis set. It is expected-that the compact representation of the ECPs and valence basis sets will eventually encourage their use by computational chemists to further explore the bonding and reactivity of lanthanide complexes. C1 MEMPHIS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,MEMPHIS,TN 38152. RP CUNDARI, TR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850, USA. NR 28 TC 966 Z9 982 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 7 BP 5555 EP 5565 DI 10.1063/1.464902 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KV997 UT WOS:A1993KV99700040 ER PT J AU SUHM, MA FARRELL, JT ASHWORTH, SH NESBITT, DJ AF SUHM, MA FARRELL, JT ASHWORTH, SH NESBITT, DJ TI HIGH-RESOLUTION INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY OF DF TRIMER - A CYCLIC GROUND-STATE STRUCTURE AND DF STRETCH INDUCED INTRAMOLECULAR VIBRATIONAL COUPLING SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID HYDROGEN-BONDED COMPLEXES; ENERGY SURFACES; HF DIMER; PREDISSOCIATION; SPECTRA; ISOTOPOMERS; DYNAMICS; CHANNELS; BANDS; MODE AB We present high resolution, infrared laser absorption spectra of (DF)3 in a slit supersonic jet expansion. In contrast to previous structureless near IR spectra of (HF)3, the (DF)3 data reveal clear rotational structure characteristic of a cyclic, 6-membered ''ring,'' and therefore provide the first accurate experimental evidence for the equilibrium geometry of any hydrogen fluoride oligomer beyond the well-studied dimer. Furthermore, the spectra display homogeneous rotational fine structure 2-3 orders of magnitude in excess of what could be anticipated from a single vibrational band. Analysis of this fine structure elucidates a novel IVR mechanism which involves single hydrogen bond cleavage, and consequent opening of the (DF)3 ring on the 40 ps time scale. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT CHEM, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Ashworth, Stephen/B-5912-2008; Suhm, Martin/B-4740-2009 OI Ashworth, Stephen/0000-0003-4213-3541; Suhm, Martin/0000-0001-8841-7705 NR 36 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 7 BP 5985 EP 5989 DI 10.1063/1.464860 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KV997 UT WOS:A1993KV99700084 ER PT J AU FROST, MJ KATO, S BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR AF FROST, MJ KATO, S BIERBAUM, VM LEONE, SR TI DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE SIMULTANEOUS TRANSFER OF VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY AND CHARGE IN THE N-15(2)+(V)+N-14(2) REACTION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID CROSSED-MOLECULAR-BEAM; REACTION DYNAMICS; EXCITED N-2+; ION; COLLISIONS; SIFT; NEON; NO; HE AB In this Communication, we report the use of a mass-selected flow tube, laser-induced fluorescence technique for the study of vibrationally excited ions. Using this technique, we have made measurements on the reaction of N-15(2)+ (v = 2) with N-14(2), which show conclusive evidence for the simultaneous transfer of vibrational energy and charge. We believe this to be the first direct observation of such a channel in charge transfer. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. INST PHYS & CHEM RES,WAKO,SAITAMA 35101,JAPAN. RP FROST, MJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 7 BP 5993 EP 5995 DI 10.1063/1.464862 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KV997 UT WOS:A1993KV99700086 ER PT J AU SARDESHMUKH, PD LIEBMANN, B AF SARDESHMUKH, PD LIEBMANN, B TI AN ASSESSMENT OF LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY IN THE TROPICS AS INDICATED BY SOME PROXIES OF TROPICAL CONVECTION SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DIVERGENCE AB Any discussion of intraseasonal and interannual variability in the atmosphere must presume a reliable assessment of the observed variability. In spite of continued improvements in observing systems, quality control techniques, and data analysis schemes, however, and also because of them, this assessment remains difficult in the tropics. In this paper the authors examine the mean tropical circulation during two Januarys, 1988 and 1989, as described by the circulation analyses produced at two weather prediction centers, the National Meteorological Center (NMC) in Washington, D.C., and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in Reading, England. In particular, the authors' focus is on the change in the circulation between 1988 and 1989 as estimated by these two sets of analyses, especially the change in the 200-mb wind divergence associated with organized deep convection. The authors find that in many regions the discrepancy between these estimates is of the order of the change itself. A comparison with maps of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) is not quantitatively useful in this regard. One way out of this dilemma is to derive divergence fields that are consistent with the 200-mb vorticity balance. The authors do so by solving the ''chi problem'' of Sardeshmukh and Hoskins. Because the large-scale vorticity fields generated by NMC and ECMWF are highly correlated (approximately 98%), the divergence fields derived in this manner are also better correlated than the analyzed fields and enable a more reliable assessment of the observed change between these two periods. RP SARDESHMUKH, PD (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 7 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0569:AAOLFV>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ335 UT WOS:A1993KZ33500001 ER PT J AU MO, KT RASMUSSON, EM AF MO, KT RASMUSSON, EM TI THE 200-MB CLIMATOLOGICAL VORTICITY BUDGET DURING 1986-1989 AS REVEALED BY NMC ANALYSES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONAL FLOW AB The primary objectives of this study are 1) a description of the solstice season 200-mb vorticity budgets during 1986-89 and 2) an evaluation of the usefulness of operational analysis products for diagnosing the seasonally averaged 200-mb vorticity balance, particularly the distribution and magnitude of the effective vorticity source term, that is, the Rossby wave source. With the use of the one-level vorticity balance diagnostic approach of Sardeshmukh and Hoskins, the January-February-March (JFM) and June-July-August (JJA) seasonal-mean 200-mb vorticity balances were analyzed. The NMC analyses of 1987 were compared with analyses from ECMWF. Overall agreement was generally satisfactory, in terms of providing consistent answers to the type of diagnostic questions being asked. Of particular importance was the reasonable good agreement between the effective vorticity source fields. The NMC 200-mb divergence fields over the deep tropics were also compared with the seasonal-mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) distribution. Overall correlations between OLR and directly computed divergence were around 0.8 for seasonal averages, but the correlation for regions of convergence was relatively insignificant. The NMC three-year seasonal-mean 200-mb vorticity budget for JFM and JJA were examined. The following conclusions seem warranted. 1. The analyses provide no support for the assumption of a second equivalent-barotropic level in the extratropics around 150 mb. 2. The magnitude of the seasonally averaged Rossby wave source is generally small in the deep tropics (10-degrees-S to 10-degrees-N), when compared to the subtropics and midlatitudes. 3. Direct computation of the vorticity source indicates a significant contribution from the advection of absolute vorticity by the divergent Hadley flow into the winter hemisphere from three major summer hemisphere regimes of convection (Africa, Central-South America, and the Indian west Pacific monsoon region). However, the indirect evaluation of the divergent flow using the chi technique showed a generally weaker 200-mb Hadley circulation and a smaller contribution to the effective vorticity source by the advection term. With regard to the use of current 200-mb operational analyses for one-level vorticity budget diagnostics, the overall results of this study were viewed as quite positive. However, the inconsistency between the directly and indirectly computed mean meridional circulations during the period studied indicates the limitations of the current analyses and the necessity of performing the chi problem diagnostics before drawing conclusions. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COOPERAT INST CLIMATE STUDIES,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP MO, KT (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 577 EP 594 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0577:TMCVBD>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ335 UT WOS:A1993KZ33500002 ER PT J AU RASMUSSON, EM MO, KT AF RASMUSSON, EM MO, KT TI LINKAGES BETWEEN 200-MB TROPICAL AND EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION ANOMALIES DURING THE 1986-1989 ENSO CYCLE SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; ROTATIONAL FLOW; TEMPERATURE; PATTERNS; WINTER; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PROPAGATION; CONVECTION AB NMC operational wind analyses have been used to document the 200-mb circulation anomalies during the solstice seasons of the 1987-1989 ENSO cycle. Using the one-level vorticity balance diagnostic approach, the 200-mb Rossby wave anomalous source distribution was derived as departures from a three-year mean for the single warm-phase season (January-March 1987). The effective Rossby wave anomaly sources were found to be generally quite small within 15-degrees of the equator. Poleward of about 15-degrees, the anomalous 200-mb divergence, through the planetary vorticity-divergence anomaly stretching term, is the dominant factor in determining the anomalous 200-mb vorticity source distribution. Its JFM standard deviation around 30-degrees-35-degrees-N was an order of magnitude larger than that found in the deep tropics. The January-March and June-August 200-mb circulation differences between the warm and cold phase of the 1987-1989 ENSO cycle are described. The ENSO cycle linkages between the equatorial Pacific convection anomalies and the extratropical circulation are viewed in terms of regional Hadley component anomalies and tropical-extratropical divergence anomaly zones (TEDAZs), which typically extend eastward and poleward from the equatorial convection anomalies into the subtropics and extratropics. The larger Coriolis parameter at higher latitudes can result in significant vorticity anomaly sources in the subtropical branches of the anomalous Hadley circulations and in the extratropical extensions of the TEDAZs. The information obtained from this case study is synthesized into a coherent description of linkages between the eastern equatorial Pacific and the Northern Hemisphere circulation during the northern winter. The prime longitudinal belt of coupling extends from near the date line eastward to the central or eastern Atlantic. The primary ingredients of the coupling are 1) the subsiding branch of the anomalous Hadley circulation in the North Pacific, 2) enhanced downstream subtropical westerlies across the Gulf of Mexico into the Atlantic, 3) an equatorward enhancement of 200-mb synoptic-scale variability associated with the enhanced westerlies, 4) coupling between the anomalous eddy activity in the eastern subtropical Pacific and the anomalous equatorial convection. The resulting northeastward extension of the anomalous equatorial convection across Mexico into the Atlantic gives rise to a time-averaged anomalous divergent circulation whose upward branch coincides with the region of enhanced convection and whose primary subsiding branch extends from northeastern South America northeastward across the low-latitude North Atlantic. This linkage with the Northern Hemisphere subtropics contrasts with most previous descriptions, which associate the low-latitude South American-Atlantic anomalies more directly with the Pacific anomalies through an anomalous Walker circulation. C1 NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. RP RASMUSSON, EM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT METEOROL,COOPERAT INST CLIMATE STUDIES,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 46 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 595 EP 616 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0595:LBMTAE>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ335 UT WOS:A1993KZ33500003 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, LJ GOLDENBERG, SB AF SHAPIRO, LJ GOLDENBERG, SB TI INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS OVER THE ATLANTIC SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HEMISPHERE WINTER; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; 500-MB HEIGHT FLUCTUATIONS; SHORT-TIME SCALES; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; INTERMEDIATE; PACIFIC; FIELD AB Winds at low (near-surface) and 200-mb levels from National Hurricane Center objective analyses are used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of the tropical and subtropical intraseasonal oscillations for the North Atlantic/northeast Pacific regions, including over the continents, for the years 1980-1989. The intraseasonal oscillations are broken into three bands, with long (50-85 day), intermediate (30-55 day), and short (13-29 day) periods. Winter and summer seasons are analyzed separately. A complex empirical orthogonal function technique is used to derive the dominant modes of intraseasonal variability over the region, including their propagation characteristics. Statistically distinct modes of variability are found only during the winter and only for the long-period and short-period bands. The dominant mode of coupled 200-mb low-level long-period variability during winter has a dipole structure. It has a substantial equivalent barotropic component in the subtropics, as well as a baroclinic structure consistent with quasigeostrophic midlatitude systems. Negative outgoing longwave radiation anomalies tend to be in phase with a low-level convergence-upper-level divergence couplet, which lies approximately one-quarter wavelength to the east of the cyclonic vorticity centers. The long-period oscillations during 1981-1988 are dominated by three events, with periods between about 60 and 70 days. There is a negative correlation, explaining about 50% of the variance, between the magnitude of the mode and an index of El Nino based on sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The dominant modes of short-period variability during winter appear as zonally oriented wave trains similar to those found by previous investigators of global-scale fluctuations. Rotation of the modes of 200-mb variability effectively separates them into their propagating and standing components. Approximately one-half of the variance in the meridional wind near teleconnection centers of action is found in the eastward propagating component. The dominant mode of coupled 200-mb/low-level variability propagates to the east, and has a vertical structure similar to that in the long-period band. It has a predominant period near 18 days. RP SHAPIRO, LJ (reprint author), NOAA,ATLANTIC OCEANOG & METEOROL LAB,DIV HURRICANE RES,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. RI Goldenberg, Stanley/C-5965-2014 OI Goldenberg, Stanley/0000-0001-6730-5819 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 677 EP 699 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0677:IOOTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ335 UT WOS:A1993KZ33500009 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, RW AF REYNOLDS, RW TI IMPACT OF MOUNT-PINATUBO AEROSOLS ON SATELLITE-DERIVED SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB The June 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo produced new stratospheric aerosols that were greater than the aerosols from the 1982 eruptions of El Chichon. These new aerosols strongly affected the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) retrievals of sea surface temperature in the tropics where negative biases occurred with magnitudes greater than 1-degrees-C. The time dependence of these biases are shown. In addition, a method to correct these biases is discussed and integrated into the National Meteorological Center's optimum interpolation sea surface temperature analysis. RP REYNOLDS, RW (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,COUPLED MODEL PROJECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 14 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 768 EP 774 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0768:IOMPAO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ335 UT WOS:A1993KZ33500015 ER PT J AU GREENBAUM, A GREENGARD, L MCFADDEN, GB AF GREENBAUM, A GREENGARD, L MCFADDEN, GB TI LAPLACE EQUATION AND THE DIRICHLET-NEUMANN MAP IN MULTIPLY CONNECTED DOMAINS SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX MULTIPLICATION; PARTICLE SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; IRREGULAR REGIONS; ALGORITHM C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP GREENBAUM, A (reprint author), NYU,COURANT INST MATH SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10012, USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 28 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD APR PY 1993 VL 105 IS 2 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.1006/jcph.1993.1073 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA KU501 UT WOS:A1993KU50100007 ER PT J AU POYSKY, FT PARANJPYE, RN LASHBROOK, LC PETERSON, ME PELROY, GA EKLUND, MW AF POYSKY, FT PARANJPYE, RN LASHBROOK, LC PETERSON, ME PELROY, GA EKLUND, MW TI SELECTIVE AND DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM FOR ISOLATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES FROM FOODS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Note ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; MILK; ENUMERATION; AGAR AB Hemolytic ceftazidime lithium chloride agar (HCLA) has been developed as a selective and differential plating medium for the isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from fishery products. Selectivity is based upon lithium chloride, colistin methane sulfonate, and ceftazidime. When horse blood was incorporated in the agar overlay, L. monocytogenes colonies were easily distinguished by their characteristic blue-gray color surrounded by narrow zones of beta-hemolysis. Listeria innocua, a species commonly present in foods, does not produce hemolysis on the medium. Therefore, one or more colonies of L. monocytogenes were easily distinguished from large populations of L. innocua. When used in combination with Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture enrichment methodology, HCLA was effective in inhibiting competitive organisms, differentiating colonies of L. monocytogenes by their beta-hemolysis, and shortening the incubation time at 35-degrees-C for presumptive identification to 17-24 h. C1 NOAA,US DEPT COMMERCE,NMFS,NW FISHERIES SCI CTR,UTILIZAT RES DIV,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 1993 VL 56 IS 4 BP 326 EP & PG 0 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA KZ104 UT WOS:A1993KZ10400010 ER PT J AU BARR, RD CLARKE, WB CLARKE, RM VENTURELLI, J NORMAN, GR DOWNING, RG AF BARR, RD CLARKE, WB CLARKE, RM VENTURELLI, J NORMAN, GR DOWNING, RG TI REGULATION OF LITHIUM AND BORON LEVELS IN NORMAL HUMAN BLOOD - ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MONOZYGOTIC-DIZYGOTIC TWIN; ION DISTRIBUTION; DETERMINANT AB Blood lithium levels may be both genetically and environmentally regulated. The genetic component is evidenced mainly from studies in twins who were either normal or had a manic-depressive disorder. An environmental contribution is adduced from the relationship between the blood lithium level and the amount of the element ingested. No such information is available for boron, another element present in ultra trace amounts in human blood. Unusually high levels of lithium and boron in the waters of northern Chile offer an opportunity to study the genetic and environmental regulation of these elements in the blood of healthy subjects. Samples of blood (n = 40) and water (n = 47) were collected at seven locations in the province of Tarapaca. Most of the healthy subjects were Aymara who had been resident in the respective communities for at least 3 years. The samples were transported to Canada and then freeze-dried. Neutron irradiation was performed in a highly thermalized flux to induce the reactions Li-6 (n,alpha) dagger and B-10 (n, Li-7) alpha. Assays of Li-6 and B-10 were conducted in a static mass spectrometer by measurement, respectively, of He-3, produced from decay of tritium, and He-4 from alpha-particles. Lithium concentrations in water and blood exhibited a linear relationship, as did the boron concentrations in these fluids. Because some of the individual subjects (n = 15) were first-degree relatives, a genetic component to the regulation of blood levels was explored. The variance in blood levels of lithium and boron was significantly greater between than within families (p < 0.0001). There are environmental and apparent genetic contributions to the regulation of blood levels of lithium and boron in healthy human subjects. Recognition of the probable genetic component raises the possibility of identifying transport proteins that may have relevance to the roles of these elements in human health and disease. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP BARR, RD (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,ROOM 3N27B,1200 MAIN ST W,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 4 BP 614 EP 619 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA KV503 UT WOS:A1993KV50300015 PM 8454944 ER PT J AU ORTIGOSO, J ESCRIBANO, R BURKHOLDER, JB LAFFERTY, WJ AF ORTIGOSO, J ESCRIBANO, R BURKHOLDER, JB LAFFERTY, WJ TI INFRARED-SPECTRUM OF OCIO IN THE 2000 CM(-1)REGION - THE 2-NU-1 AND NU-1+NU-3 BANDS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINE DIOXIDE; MICROWAVE C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MOLEC PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ORTIGOSO, J (reprint author), CSIC,INST ESTRUCTURA MAT,SERRANO 119,E-28006 MADRID,SPAIN. RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Escribano, Rafael/I-4599-2015; Ortigoso, Juan/F-1234-2016 OI Escribano, Rafael/0000-0002-3048-9420; NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 1993 VL 158 IS 2 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1006/jmsp.1993.1079 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA KU191 UT WOS:A1993KU19100011 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, ES MCPHADEN, MJ AF JOHNSON, ES MCPHADEN, MJ TI STRUCTURE OF INTRASEASONAL KELVIN WAVES IN THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; CAUTIONARY NOTE; OSCILLATIONS; CURRENTS; DYNAMICS AB Previous studies have shown that intraseasonal Kelvin waves are a prominent mode of variability in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific. These waves appear to be remotely forced by wind variations in the western Pacific and propagate eastward at approximately first baroclinic mode phase speeds. In this study, moored temperature and velocity time series data from 1984 to 1987 between 110-degrees and 140-degrees-W are studied to isolate the Kelvin wave structures and to document their wave-mean flow interactions with the South Equatorial Current/Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) system. Observed structures at periods of 59-125 days have rms amplitudes of about 10 cm s-1 for zonal velocity and about 1-degrees-C for temperature in the thermocline. These structures exhibit significant departures from linear no-mean-flow theory: zonal velocity is intensified below the EUC core, and temperature variability in the thermocline is weaker on the equator than 1.5-degrees off the equator. Additionally, the wave temperature signal at the surface is nonzero and lags both zonal velocity and deeper temperatures by about 90-degrees. These observed structures are compared with those from a linearized wave-mean flow interaction channel model, with the model mean flow specified to match the observed mean flow as closely as possible. The model qualitatively reproduces both the intensification of wave zonal velocity below the EUC and the weakening of temperature variability on the equator where the mean stratification is weaker. The model cannot reproduce the observed SST signal since it is zonally invariant in its basic state, and hence, perturbation SSTs are zero. However, an estimate of temperature advection due to wave zonal velocities advecting the observed sea surface temperature gradients accounts for the phase and the 0 (0.1-degrees-C) rms amplitude of observed SST variations at intraseasonal periods. C1 NOAA,PACIFIC ENVIRONM LAB,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP JOHNSON, ES (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,DEPT MARINE SCI,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33701, USA. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 29 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 4 BP 608 EP 625 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0608:SOIKWI>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KY060 UT WOS:A1993KY06000003 ER PT J AU MEIJER, PHE LEVELT, AHM MILLER, BR AF MEIJER, PHE LEVELT, AHM MILLER, BR TI ANALYSIS OF THE CRITICAL LINE NETWORK FOR THE VANDERWAALS-EQUATION AT THE VAN-LAAR POINT SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL LINES; VANDERWAALS EQUATION; BINARY MIXTURE; BINODALS; SPINODALS; DOUBLE POINTS; VANLAAR POINT; TRICRITICAL POINT; GIBBS FUNCTION; LIQUID LIQUID MIXING ID VANLAAR POINT; MIXTURES; STATE AB The density-density plot of the critical lines of the van der Waals equation at the van Laar point is analyzed through its algebraic properties. It is shown that this curve is an irreducible expression of the fifth degree of genus one. In addition, we show the topology of the second branch, i.e., the T = 0 solution, which will interact with the first branch as soon as the energy parameters are slightly different from the van Laar values. Finally, we analyze the behavior of the van der Waals equation near the point at which liquid-liquid separation takes place. C1 CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN,INST MATH,6525 ED NIJMEGEN,NETHERLANDS. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV APPL & COMPUTAT MATH,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP MEIJER, PHE (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,DEPT PHYS,WASHINGTON,DC 20064, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0022-4715 J9 J STAT PHYS JI J. Stat. Phys. PD APR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1007/BF01048101 PG 14 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA LA470 UT WOS:A1993LA47000017 ER PT J AU CHANG, EKM ORLANSKI, I AF CHANG, EKM ORLANSKI, I TI ON THE DYNAMICS OF A STORM TRACK SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BAROCLINIC-INSTABILITY PROBLEM; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; TRANSIENT EDDIES; MIDDLE LATITUDES; WAVES; HEIGHT; LONG; FLOW AB An idealized primitive equation model is used to determine the factors controlling the dynamics and maintenance of eddy activity in a storm track. The results show that localized regions of enhanced baroclinicity do not necessarily lead to localization of eddy activity. By studying the energetics of the storm track, it is shown that while baroclinic conversion does indeed correlate with the region of maximum baroclinicity, it is the downstream radiation of energy through the ageostrophic geopotential fluxes which acts as a trigger for the development and maintenance of eddy activity over less baroclinic regions, extending the region of eddy activity much further downstream from the region of high baroclinicity. Examples of eddy life cycles are given that show that convergence and divergence of ageostrophic fluxes can dominate baroclinic and barotropic conversion, especially in regions with weak baroclinicity. Factors that may limit the zonal extent of a storm track are discussed. Evidence of downstream development over the wintertime Pacific storm track based on analyses of ECMWF data is also shown. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,FORRESTAL CAMPUS,PRINCETON,NJ 08542. PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ. NR 28 TC 111 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 7 BP 999 EP 1015 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0999:OTDOAS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX581 UT WOS:A1993KX58100005 ER PT J AU TAUHEED, A JOSHI, YN KAUFMAN, V SUGAR, J PINNINGTON, EH AF TAUHEED, A JOSHI, YN KAUFMAN, V SUGAR, J PINNINGTON, EH TI ANALYSIS OF THE 5S25P2-(5S5P3+5S25P5D+5S25P6S) TRANSITIONS OF 4-TIMES IONIZED XENON (XE V) SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID I ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; ENERGY-LEVELS; WAVELENGTHS AB The spectrum of xenon was photographed in the range 350-2000 angstrom with 3-m normal-incidence and 10.7-m normal-incidence spectrographs. The source used in both cases was a gas-triggered spark. The Xev spectrum was distinguished by observation of spectral changes with variation of spark current. The 5s(2)5p2-(5s5p3 + 5s(2)5p5d + 5s(2)5p6s) transition array of Xe v was identified and analyzed. Calculations were carried out to assist in the analysis and to help us to interpret the results. An earlier analysis was revised and extended, and 73 lines are now classified. A value for the ionization energy of 436700 +/- 400 cm-1 was determined. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT PHYS,EDMONTON T6G 2J1,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP TAUHEED, A (reprint author), ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ANTIGONISH B2G 1C0,NS,CANADA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 4 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.10.000561 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA KW384 UT WOS:A1993KW38400001 ER PT J AU WILSON, CD BOEHLERT, GW AF WILSON, CD BOEHLERT, GW TI POPULATION BIOLOGY OF GNATHOPHAUSIA-LONGISPINA (MYSIDACEA, LOPHOGASTRIDA) FROM A CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC SEAMOUNT SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INGENS MYSIDACEA; GROWTH-RATE; CRUSTACEA; COMMUNITY AB Large numbers of the lophogastrid mysid Gnathophausia longispina were discovered in 1984 over Southeast Hancock Seamount on the northern Hawaiian Ridge. Additional specimens were collected from the same area during subsequent surveys in 1985, 1987, and 1988 to obtain new information on the life history of this species. Estimates of growth suggest that G. longispina reaches sexual maturity by its second year. Young are brooded by the female for nearly a year and released in late winter-early spring. It is doubtful if G. longispina live longer than 2 yr or produce more than one brood. Most G. longispina are found within 100 m above the seamount summit. The modal progression of size classes over time indicates that this species is dependent on local processes rather than recruitment from other areas to maintain its populations at the seamount. C1 UNIV HAWAII,DEPT OCEANOG,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 115 IS 4 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1007/BF00349360 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LC691 UT WOS:A1993LC69100003 ER PT J AU PERRYMAN, WL LYNN, MS AF PERRYMAN, WL LYNN, MS TI IDENTIFICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC FORMS OF COMMON DOLPHIN (DELPHINUS-DELPHIS) FROM AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE COMMON DOLPHIN; DELPHINUS-DELPHIS; GEOGRAPHIC FORMS; LENGTH; TIMING OF REPRODUCTION; AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; PHOTOGRAMMETRY ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; GROWTH; WHALES; REPRODUCTION; ECOLOGY AB At least four morphologically distinct forms of common dolphins are found in the eastern Pacific. We compared length data for common dolphins photographed from the northern, central and southern regions as defined by Perrin et al. (1985) and found significant differences in average length for adult animals (> 150 cm) and for ''adult females'' defined for our purposes as animals accompanied by calves. Analyses of calculated birth dates for calves demonstrated differences in timing of reproduction between the geographically adjacent forms. Length distributions from aerial photographs and samples collected from the purse seine fishery were strikingly similar. This work demonstrates a new, non-invasive method for obtaining unbiased life history and morphological data. RP PERRYMAN, WL (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 92037, USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 119 EP 137 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00438.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA KY395 UT WOS:A1993KY39500001 ER PT J AU PERRIN, WF HEYNING, JE AF PERRIN, WF HEYNING, JE TI ROSTRAL FUSION AS A CRITERION OF CRANIAL MATURITY IN THE COMMON DOLPHIN, DELPHINUS-DELPHIS SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note C1 NAT HIST MUSEUM LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90007. RP PERRIN, WF (reprint author), SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,POB 271,LA JOLLA,CA 93028, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 195 EP 197 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00444.x PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA KY395 UT WOS:A1993KY39500007 ER PT J AU CASTELLINI, MA DAVIS, RW LOUGHLIN, TR WILLIAMS, TM AF CASTELLINI, MA DAVIS, RW LOUGHLIN, TR WILLIAMS, TM TI BLOOD CHEMISTRIES AND BODY CONDITION OF STELLER SEA LION PUPS AT MARMOT-ISLAND, ALASKA SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID GLUCOSE C1 USN,KAILUA,HI 96734. TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT MARINE BIOL,GALVESTON,TX 77553. NATL MARINE MAMMAL LAB,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115. RP CASTELLINI, MA (reprint author), UNIV ALASKA,INST MARINE SCI,FAIRBANKS,AK 99775, USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC MARINE MAMMALOGY PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00446.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA KY395 UT WOS:A1993KY39500009 ER PT J AU LIN, SH LEI, M LEDBETTER, H AF LIN, SH LEI, M LEDBETTER, H TI ELASTIC-CONSTANTS AND DEBYE TEMPERATURE OF Y1BA2CU3OX - EFFECT OF OXYGEN-CONTENT SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS AB Using ultrasonic methods, we measured the elastic constants of polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3Ox between 295 and 4 K. For a single specimen, using vacuum annealing and oxygen annealing, we varied the oxygen content in four steps from x = 6.2 to x = 6.9. Elastic stiffnesses that depend mainly on shear modes increase monotonically with increasing oxygen content. Stiffnesses that depend on dilatation modes increase up to about x= 6.7 and then decrease. The elastic Debye temperature, which depends mainly on shear modes, increases monotonically, in agreement with the specific-heat Debye temperature. An ionic-model calculation for the bulk modulus and Debye temperature predicts a monotonic increase for both. We conjecture that the irregular oxygen-content dependence of the dilatation-mode-related elastic constants arises from changes in copper-oxygen valences. RP LIN, SH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 165 EP 168 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA KZ302 UT WOS:A1993KZ30200001 ER PT J AU CLOUGH, RB SCHAEFER, RJ AF CLOUGH, RB SCHAEFER, RJ TI EFFECTS OF SHEAR-STRESS AND CHANGE IN VOID SHAPE ON DISTORTION AND DENSIFICATION OF POWDER COMPACTS SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFORMATION AB If shear streSseS are present during isostatic pressing of a powder compact they may distort its shape, enhance densification, or both. A flow surface is required to predict these effects, but those available have been developed for highly consolidated, porous materials. not for less consolidated particulate materials. Since both are compressible media, a flow surface is constructed using Beltrami's principle of constant total strain energy. This is applied in particular to particulate media, using a micromechanical model of densification which includes both void shape change and particle yielding and strain hardening. The theory agrees well with powder compact densification data for a wide variety of materials throughout the entire consolidation process. It is further compared with shape changes in copper compacts where shear stresses have been generated by the containment canister. RP CLOUGH, RB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV MET,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1Y 5DB SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH SER JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 4 BP 328 EP 335 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA LR197 UT WOS:A1993LR19700008 ER PT J AU ZIEGLER, CL HANE, CE AF ZIEGLER, CL HANE, CE TI AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE DRYLINE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEVERE STORM; MATCHING MODELS; BUOYANCY; MOTION AB This study presents analyses of data collected in the vicinity of a cloud-free dryline that occurred in western Oklahoma on 24 May 1989. Observations reveal sharp contrasts across the quasi-stationary, north-south dryline during midafternoon. Of greatest significance is a pronounced gradient of virtual potential temperature, although horizontal convergence and vorticity also maximize at the dryline. The environment of the 24 May dryline is dominated by vertical mixing that maintains a convective boundary layer (CBL) on both sides of the dryline. The dryline resembles a ''mixing zone'' containing varying proportions of hot, dry air to the west side and warm, moist air from the lowest 200 m within 10 km to the east of the dryline. The mixing zone slopes eastward from the surface dryline location, then becomes a quasi-horizontal elevated moist layer above the CBL east of the dryline. Saturation-point analysis indicates that the mixing zone is characterized by a single mixing-line structure defined by the respective quasi-homogeneous air masses on either side of the dryline. Dynamical analysis reveals that near-surface westerly flow is accelerated upward and over relatively cool air above the surface by an elevated low pressure region at the dryline. How accelerations are nonhydrostatic at the dryline, while the flow is in hydrostatic balance both to the west and to the east of the dryline. Magnitudes of the inertial, pressure, and Coriolis accelerations are comparable to the east of the dryline, implying a considerable ageostrophic flow component as well as a quasigeostrophic linkage between the low-level jet and the west-east horizontal pressure gradient. C1 NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,NORMAN,OK 73069. RP ZIEGLER, CL (reprint author), NOAA,DIV MESOSCALE RES,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1151 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1134:AOSOTD>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX217 UT WOS:A1993KX21700012 ER PT J AU KUO, YH GUO, YR WESTWATER, ER AF KUO, YH GUO, YR WESTWATER, ER TI ASSIMILATION OF PRECIPITABLE WATER MEASUREMENTS INTO A MESOSCALE NUMERICAL-MODEL SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID 4-DIMENSIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; WIND PROFILER RADARS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; INITIALIZATION; SCALE; ENVIRONMENT; PREDICTION; ACCURACY; STORMS; SYSTEM AB Significant progress has been made over the past decade in the development of remote-sensing instruments to profile wind and temperature. However, the current technology of profiling water vapor remotely is still far from perfect. Although some promising optical research systems, such as the Raman lidar, can provide high vertical resolution profiles of water vapor, it may be years before they are generally available. Currently, there are several systems that can measure the vertically integrated water vapor (i.e., precipitable water) with a high degree of accuracy. In this paper we use a simple method to assimilate precipitable water measurements (possibly from a network of dual-channel ground-based microwave radiometers or a satellite-based system) into a mesoscale model. The basic idea is to relax the predicted precipitable water toward the observed value, while retaining the vertical structure of the model humidity field. We test this method with the special 3-h soundings available from the Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment. The results show that the assimilation of precipitable water into a mesoscale model recovers the vertical structure of water vapor with an accuracy much higher than that from statistical retrieval based on climatology. The improved analysis due to assimilation also leads to improved short-range precipitation forecasts. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KUO, YH (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,MESOSCALE PREDICT SECT,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 37 TC 107 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 4 BP 1215 EP 1238 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<1215:AOPWMI>2.0.CO;2 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KX217 UT WOS:A1993KX21700016 ER PT J AU HANSSEN, LM AF HANSSEN, LM TI PARAMETERS FOR AN INFRARED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE STANDARD SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Note DE INFRARED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE; SCATTERING; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION RP HANSSEN, LM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV RADIOMETR PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PHOTO-OPT INSTRUM ENG PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 4 BP 877 EP 879 DI 10.1117/12.61216 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA KW554 UT WOS:A1993KW55400035 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DM PRELL, WL AF ANDERSON, DM PRELL, WL TI A 300 KYR RECORD OF UPWELLING OFF OMAN DURING THE LATE QUATERNARY - EVIDENCE OF THE ASIAN SOUTHWEST MONSOON SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN INDIAN-OCEAN; ARABIAN SEA; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; BP AB In the northwest Arabian Sea upwelling occurs each summer, driven by the strong SW monsoon winds. Upwelling results in high biological productivity and a distinctive assemblage of plankton species in the surface waters off Oman that are preserved in the sediments along the Oman continental margin, creating a geologic record of monsoon-driven upwelling. Sediments recovered from the Oman continental margin during Ocean Drilling Program leg 117 provide an opportunity to examine how upwelling has varied during the late Quaternary, spanning a longer interval than piston cores recovered prior to the ODP cruise. Variations in foraminifer shell accumulation and in the relative abundance of Globigerina bulloides indicate dominant cycles of variation at 1/100 kyr, the dominant frequency of glacial-interglacial variations, and at 1/23 kyr, the frequency of precessionally driven cycles in seasonal insolation. The strongest monsoon winds (indicated by increased upwelling) occurred during interglacial times when perihelion was aligned with the summer solstice, an orbital change that increased the insolation received during summer in the northern hemisphere. During glacial times upwelling was reduced, and although the precessional cycles were still present their amplitude was smaller. At both frequencies the upwelling cycles are in phase with minimum ice volume, evidence that glacial-interglacial climate changes also include changes to the climate system that influence the low-latitude monsoon. We attribute the decrease in the monsoon winds observed during glacial times to changes in bare land albedo over Asia and/or to changes in the areal extent and seasonal cycle in Asian snow cover that decrease the summer land-sea temperature contrast. Other mechanisms may also be involved. These new upwelling time series differ substantially from previous results, however the previous work relied on cores located farther offshore where upwelling is less intense and other physical mechanisms become important. Our results support the observations derived from atmospheric general circulation models of the atmosphere that indicate that both glacial boundary conditions, and the strength of summer insolation are important variables contributing to cycles in the monsoon winds during the late Quaternary. C1 BROWN UNIV,DEPT GEOL SCI,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RP ANDERSON, DM (reprint author), NOAA,PALEOCLIMATOL PROGRAM,325 BROADWAY,E-GC,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 39 TC 137 Z9 140 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD APR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 DI 10.1029/93PA00256 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA KZ518 UT WOS:A1993KZ51800006 ER PT J AU LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE MCCLELLAND, JJ KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ AF LORENTZ, SR SCHOLTEN, RE MCCLELLAND, JJ KELLEY, MH CELOTTA, RJ TI SPIN-RESOLVED ELASTIC-SCATTERING OF ELECTRONS FROM SODIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION ANALYSIS; EXCHANGE; ATOMS; EXCITATION; COLLISIONS; POTASSIUM; HELIUM; ORBIT AB Angle-resolved ratios of the separate triplet and singlet spin channel cross sections have been measured for elastic scattering of spin-polarized electrons from optically pumped spin-polarized sodium atoms. The triplet-to-singlet ratios axe reported at incident energies of 4.1, 10.0, and 20.0 eV for scattering angles from 20-degrees to 140-degrees. The data demonstrate that spin-exchange scattering plays an important role in the description of electron scattering from sodium at these energies. Comparisons are made with the results of several close-coupling theoretical calculations. RP LORENTZ, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTRON & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Scholten, Robert/A-8586-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Scholten, Robert/0000-0002-2337-8036; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 3000 EP 3006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.3000 PN B PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KW309 UT WOS:A1993KW30900024 ER PT J AU SANSONETTI, CJ READER, J AF SANSONETTI, CJ READER, J TI WAVELENGTHS AND ISOTOPE SHIFTS FOR LINES OF ASTROPHYSICAL INTEREST IN THE SPECTRUM OF DOUBLY IONIZED MERCURY (HG III) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Wavelengths and isotope shifts have been measured for the 1738.4-, 1738.5-, 1740.2-, and 2354.2-angstrom lines of Hg III with an uncertainty of 0.002 angstrom. The lines were excited in a pulsed radio-frequency discharge and observed with a 10.7-m normal-incidence vacuum spectrograph. Observations were made with lamps containing natural Hg, Hg-198, and Hg-204. By using well-established relative isotope shifts, wavelengths of these four lines for Hg-196, Hg-200, Hg-200, and the centers of gravity for Hg-199 and Hg-201 were also determined. The results provide important data for determining elemental and isotopic abundances of Hg from spectra of Hg-rich chemically peculiar stars. RP SANSONETTI, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 3080 EP 3084 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.3080 PN B PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KW309 UT WOS:A1993KW30900034 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, DJ COOPER, J AF ARMSTRONG, DJ COOPER, J TI ISOTOPE-SELECTIVE PHOTOIONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY OF BARIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID BA-I; STATES; FLUORESCENCE; TRANSITIONS; LEVEL AB We demonstrate an experimental technique that selects the nuclear spin I = 0 isotope Ba-138 for spectroscopic measurements from a beam of natural barium containing seven stable isotopes. A cw dye laser is used to optically pump the I = 3/2 isotopes Ba-135 and Ba-137 into the metastable 6s5d 1D2 and 3D1,2 levels via the 6s6p P-1(1) excited state, leaving nearly pure Ba-138 in the ground state. Photoionization spectra Of the excited 5d6p 3D1 even isotope state recorded with optical pumping of Ba-135 and Ba-137 to the Metastable levels are essentially devoid of forbidden features associated with the hyperfine interaction in the odd isotopes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ARMSTRONG, DJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP R2446 EP R2449 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KW308 UT WOS:A1993KW30800007 ER PT J AU ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R AF ZHOU, SJ CARLSSON, AE THOMSON, R TI DISLOCATION NUCLEATION AND CRACK STABILITY - LATTICE GREENS-FUNCTION TREATMENT OF CRACKS IN A MODEL HEXAGONAL LATTICE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EMISSION; CLEAVAGE; DUCTILE; BRITTLE; TIP AB A series of atomistic calculations is performed in order to evaluate the effects of several physical factors on dislocation emission in a model hexagonal lattice. The method of calculation is the lattice Green's-function method, together with several pair potentials with variable parameters. The physical factors of interest axe the dislocation width (or, more precisely, maximum strain) and ''unstable stacking energy'' suggested by several continuum-based calculations, as well as the mode-I loading. We find that the continuum theories are surprisingly accurate, provided that some modifications are made. Typical discrepancies are of order 10% in the emission stress intensity. However, the atomistic calculations indicate that several of the assumptions underlying the continuum theories are inaccurate. In addition, we find strong mode-I-mode-II interactions, which are summarized in the form of a crack-stability diagram. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ZHOU, SJ (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ST LOUIS,MO 63130, USA. NR 15 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 13 BP 7710 EP 7719 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.7710 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KW310 UT WOS:A1993KW31000008 ER PT J AU SANDERS, SC SOK, J FINNEMORE, DK LI, Q AF SANDERS, SC SOK, J FINNEMORE, DK LI, Q TI THERMALLY ACTIVATED HOPPING OF A SINGLE ABRIKOSOV VORTEX SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING VORTEX; CURRENTS; MOTION; FORCE AB Thermally activated hopping of a single Abrikosov vortex has been investigated for a thin Pb film that was decorated with an artificial pinning structure. To determine the location of the vortex, the Pb film is fabricated to be one electrode of a cross-strip superconductor/normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (SNIS') Josephson junction. Distortions in the Fraunhofer pattern specify the vortex location. As the temperature is raised toward T(c), the vortex depins from the artificial pinning site and reproducibly moves through the same sequence of other pinning sites before it leaves the junction area of the Pb film. The first thermal depinning occurs when the order parameter of the bulk superconductor is about 20% of the T = 0 value. The trajectory is not random. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. RP SANDERS, SC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 14 BP 8996 EP 9000 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.8996 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KX046 UT WOS:A1993KX04600074 ER PT J AU PETROVIC, ZL PHELPS, AV AF PETROVIC, ZL PHELPS, AV TI OSCILLATIONS OF LOW-CURRENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES BETWEEN PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES .1. DC DISCHARGES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; GAS-DENSITY; EXCITATION; FIELD; RATIOS; H-2; AR AB The oscillatory behavior of dc discharges between parallel-plane electrodes (1 cm spacing) at low pressures (0.5-3 Torr) is measured and compared with models. For hydrogen these discharges are unstable for wide ranges of discharge current below 0.2 mA/cm2 and external circuit resistances above almost-equal-to 4000 OMEGA. Lateral constrictions of the discharge occur over a much more limited range of currents and pressures than do oscillations. Laser-induced photoelectron pulses produce damped oscillations for discharge currents below those at which self-sustained oscillations are observed. The frequency of the oscillations varies approximately as the square root of the discharge current and the damping of the oscillations increases with the discharge current. These results agree with simple models developed in an accompanying paper [this issue, Phelps, Petrovic, and Jelenkovic, Phys. Rev. E 47, 2825 (1993)]. Some data are presented for argon and nitrogen. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. INST PHYS, YU-11080 ZEMUN, YUGOSLAVIA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. OI Petrovic, Zoran/0000-0001-6569-9447 NR 49 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 2806 EP 2815 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.47.2806 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA KZ507 UT WOS:A1993KZ50700076 ER PT J AU JELENKOVIC, BM ROZSA, K PHELPS, AV AF JELENKOVIC, BM ROZSA, K PHELPS, AV TI OSCILLATIONS OF LOW-CURRENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES BETWEEN PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES .2. PULSED DISCHARGES IN H-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN AB Measurements are made of damped oscillations in the current and voltage induced by a voltage pulse applied to the stabilizing resistor of discharges in H-2 at pressure times electrode spacing values of 0.3 to 1 Torr cm (40-133 Pa cm) operating at voltages of 300 to 2100 V. The use of pulses less-than-or-equal-to 1 ms long and repetition rates of 10 Hz results in low ion bombardment of the cathode. For pulse currents of 0.01 to 5 mA (2 X 10(-7)-10(-4) A/cm2) and an electrode separation and area of 1 cm and 50 cm2, the frequencies and damping constants are 10-300 kHz and 2 X 10(3)-10(5) s-1, respectively. The current densities are small enough so that space-charge distortion of the electric field is small, but not negligible. At currents below those for oscillation growth, the steady-state discharge voltage decreases as expected for a constant negative differential resistance. Values of 1000 to 4000 OMEGA are obtained depending on pressure and cathode condition. Transient models, developed in an accompanying paper, relate the frequencies, damping constants, and onset of oscillation growth to ion transit times, electron ionization coefficients, and ion-induced electron yields. The growth of discharge current immediately after the application of the voltage pulse is also used to determine discharge parameters. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. INST PHYS, BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 2816 EP 2824 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.47.2816 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA KZ507 UT WOS:A1993KZ50700077 ER PT J AU PHELPS, AV PETROVIC, ZL JELENKOVIC, BM AF PHELPS, AV PETROVIC, ZL JELENKOVIC, BM TI OSCILLATIONS OF LOW-CURRENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES BETWEEN PARALLEL-PLANE ELECTRODES .3. MODELS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE SPARK GAP; GLOW-DISCHARGE; SWARM COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SELF-BREAKDOWN; EXCITATION; CATHODE; ENERGIES; VOLTAGE; DENSITY AB Simple models are developed to describe the results of measurements of the oscillatory and negative differential resistance properties of low- to moderate-current discharges in parallel-plane geometry. The time-dependent model assumes that the ion transit time is fixed and is short compared to the times of interest, that electrons are produced at the cathode only by ions, and that space-charge distortion of the electric field is small but not negligible. Illustrative numerical solutions are given for large voltage and current changes and analytic solutions for the time dependence of current and voltage are obtained in the small-signal limit. The small-signal results include the frequency and damping constants for decaying oscillations following a voltage change or following the injection of photoelectrons. The conditions for underdamped, overdamped, and self-sustained or growing oscillations are obtained. A previously developed steady-state, nonequilibrium model for low-pressure hydrogen discharges that includes the effects of space-charge distortion of the electric field on the yield of electrons at the cathode is used to obtain the negative differential resistance. Analytic expressions for the differential resistance and capacitance are developed using the steady-state, local-equilibrium model for electron and ion motion and a first-order perturbation treatment of space-charge electric fields. These models generally show good agreement with data from dc and pulsed discharge experiments presented in the accompanying papers. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV COLORADO, DEPT PHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 65 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 2825 EP 2838 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.47.2825 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA KZ507 UT WOS:A1993KZ50700078 ER PT J AU FERNANDEZ, JE HUBBELL, JH HANSON, AL SPENCER, LV AF FERNANDEZ, JE HUBBELL, JH HANSON, AL SPENCER, LV TI POLARIZATION EFFECTS ON MULTIPLE-SCATTERING GAMMA TRANSPORT SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; COMPTON-PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; GIANT-HALO INCLUSIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; MONTE-CARLO; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS; SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS AB The scattering of X-rays and gamma-rays are events that have strong dependencies on the polarization of the incident and scattered photons. Because of this, scattering problems that can be solved without explicit reference to the state of polarization of the incident and scattered radiation are exceptional. This article reviews available information on polarization effects arising when photons in the X-ray and gamma-ray regime undergo photoelectric effect, coherent (Rayleigh) scattering and incoherent (Compton) scattering by atomic electrons. In addition to descriptions and discussion of these effects, we study the backscattering of gamma-rays from an infinite thickness target excited with a plane slant monodirectional and monochromatic source, using the Boltzmann transport theory and the mathematical representation of polarization introduced by Stokes. Results from this model, for both unpolarized and polarized gamma-ray sources, are compared with computations performed neglecting or averaging polarization effects, showing the limitations of such approximations. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP FERNANDEZ, JE (reprint author), UNIV BOLOGNA,INGN NUCL MONTECUCCOLINO LAB,VIA COLLI 16,I-40136 BOLOGNA,ITALY. RI Fernandez, Jorge/F-2889-2012 OI Fernandez, Jorge/0000-0003-4756-6645 NR 264 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-5724 J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD APR-MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4-5 BP 579 EP 630 DI 10.1016/0969-806X(93)90316-M PG 52 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LG357 UT WOS:A1993LG35700002 ER PT J AU CHANTLER, CT AF CHANTLER, CT TI IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPUTATION OF FORM-FACTORS SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAYS; SCATTERING; COEFFICIENTS; ENERGIES; ATOMS AB Tables for form factors and anomalous dispersion are of wide general use in the UV, X-ray and gamma-ray communities, and have existed for a considerable period of time. The generality of these works has entailed numerous simplifications compared to detailed relativistic S-matrix calculations. However, the latter calculations do not appear to give convenient tabular application for the range of Z and energy of general interest, whereas the former tables have large regions of limited validity throughout the range of Z and energies, and in particular have limitations with regard to extrapolation to energies outside tabulated ranges. Intermediate theoretical and procedural assumptions limit the precision and applicability of available tabulations and procedures. This paper identifies regions of Z and energy where these assumptions fail and the improvement which can be achieved by their avoidance, both in tabulated ranges and by extrapolation. Particular concern involves the application of the dispersion relation to derive Re(f) from photoelectric absorption cross-sections. Revised formulae can lead to significant qualitative and quantitative improvement, particularly above 30-60 keV energies, near absorption edges, or at 30-3000 eV energies. Current experimental syntheses are not superceded by this approach, but examples are given where predictions underlying revised theoretical tables am in qualitative agreement with experiment as opposed to results in available syntheses. Recent theoretical developments involving small corrections to earlier form factors are of limited usefulness if the relatively large corrections discussed herein are not included. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV QUANTUM METROL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013 OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD APR-MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4-5 BP 759 EP 766 DI 10.1016/0969-806X(93)90323-M PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LG357 UT WOS:A1993LG35700009 ER PT J AU HUBBELL, JH AF HUBBELL, JH TI RADIATION PHYSICS AT 1993 - A TOPICAL COMPENDIUM - PREFACE SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material RP HUBBELL, JH (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,RM C-311,RADIAT PHYS BLDG 245,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0146-5724 J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD APR-MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 4-5 BP R5 EP R5 DI 10.1016/0969-806X(93)90315-L PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA LG357 UT WOS:A1993LG35700001 ER PT J AU TRAVIS, JC WINCHESTER, MR SALIT, ML WYTHOFF, BJ SCHEELINE, A AF TRAVIS, JC WINCHESTER, MR SALIT, ML WYTHOFF, BJ SCHEELINE, A TI UV/VISIBLE FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY USING AN INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA - DUAL-CHANNEL NOISE CANCELLATION SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTRA; MULTIPLEX; DROPLETS; UV AB Although technological advances have extended the range of Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) into the UV/visible spectral domain, its application to spectroscopic and spectrometric problems has been hampered-relative to such applications in the infrared domain-by noise considerations. Although the technique retains high resolution, accurate wavelength registration, and simultaneous broad band coverage, the multiplex advantage present in the IR is severely compromised in the UV/visible due to the relative insignificance of detector noise. In particular, signal-carried noise distributes widely through the spectrum, degrading the dynamic range needed for many spectroscopic and analytical applications. This study demonstrates the use of complementary optical output channels in a commercial FTS to achieve up to ten-fold noise reductions for spectra acquired from an analytical inductively-coupled plasma with conventional pneumatic sample aspiration. The study also demonstrates the advisability of increasing the sampling rate of future instruments to exceed the maximum noise frequency characteristic of droplet evaporation effects. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,URBANA,IL 61801. RP TRAVIS, JC (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 691 EP 709 DI 10.1016/0584-8547(93)80073-4 PG 19 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA LB302 UT WOS:A1993LB30200008 ER PT J AU KUMAR, A JHA, S RAMASWAMY, V CHENG, YW VANTYNE, C KRAUSS, G AF KUMAR, A JHA, S RAMASWAMY, V CHENG, YW VANTYNE, C KRAUSS, G TI MODELING THE MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION DURING HOT COMPRESSION OF LOW-CARBON STEEL SO STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Compression tests have been Performed on low carbon cylindrical specimens in the temperature range of 900-1100-degrees-C in a thermomechanical simulator at a strain rate of 10 s-1. True stress/true strain and load-displacement curves have been characterised over a strain of 0 to 0.8 at above temperatures. The specimens were helium quenched after an incremental true strain of 0.2 for microstructural study. From the experimental data, flow stress of the material at high temperatures has been determined as a function of Zener-Hollomon parameter. The flow stress equation was employed in a coupled finite element flow formulation model to compute the load for various incremental displacements. The predicted results of load-displacement and change in specimen geometry during compression showed good agreement with the measured values. The predicted rise in temperature due to deformation was of the order of 52 to 34-degrees-C in the temperature range of 900 to 1100-degrees-C at a strain rate of 10 s-1. The prior austenite grain size has been measured in the specimen compressed up to a strain of 0.6 at 1100-degrees-C and compared with the predicted austenite grain size employing the microstructural model. Metallographic study showed an equiaxed recrystallized grains network in most of the region at the center of the specimen with average grain size of 43 mum. A coarse deformed grain structure with few recrystallized grains at the intersection boundary of austenite grains was observed at the top surface and bulge surface with an average grain size of 74 and 84 mum, respectively. The model predicted the evidence of fully dynamically recrystallised grains at the center of the specimen with a grain size of 42 mum. The predicted grain size at the top and bulge surface has been calculated as 90 and 106 mum, respectively. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80302. COLORADO SCH MINES,ADV STEEL PROC CTR IRON & STEEL,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP KUMAR, A (reprint author), STEEL AUTHOR INDIA LTD,RES & DEV CTR IRON & STEEL,RANCHI,INDIA. RI Van Tyne, Chester/H-7159-2013 OI Van Tyne, Chester/0000-0002-7790-7685 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU VERLAG STAHLEISEN MBH PI DUSSELDORF PA SOHNSTRABE 65, D-40237 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY SN 0177-4832 J9 STEEL RES JI Steel Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 64 IS 4 BP 210 EP 217 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA LB353 UT WOS:A1993LB35300006 ER PT J AU POWELL, CJ SHIMIZU, R AF POWELL, CJ SHIMIZU, R TI FORMATION OF TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 201 ON SURFACE CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS BY THE INTERNATIONAL-ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Letter AB The International Organization of Standardization (ISO) recently created a new Technical Comittee (ISO/TC 201) on Surface Chemical Analysis in response to a proposal from Japan. As of February 1993, ten national standards bodies had indicated willingness to become participating members of ISO/TC 201 (Austria, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States of America) and fifteen national standards bodies had indicated willingness to become observer members (Australia, Belgium, Egypt, Finland, France, India, Ireland, Korea, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Singapore, South Africa and Switzerland). The following subcommittees are planned: Terminology; General Procedures; Data Management and Treatment; Depth Profiling; Auger Electron Spectroscopy; Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It is expected that working groups will be established for Glow Discharge Optical Spectroscopy and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy. ISO/TC 201 will develop international standards and will consider standards and documents prepared by other groups as potential international standards. Information is given in this article on the purpose, structure and planned work of ISO/TC 201. C1 OSAKA UNIV,FAC ENGN,DEPT APPL PHYS,SUITA,OSAKA 565,JAPAN. RP POWELL, CJ (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD APR PY 1993 VL 20 IS 4 BP 322 EP 325 DI 10.1002/sia.740200410 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KZ837 UT WOS:A1993KZ83700010 ER PT J AU STURGES, WT SULLIVAN, CW SCHNELL, RC HEIDT, LE POLLOCK, WH AF STURGES, WT SULLIVAN, CW SCHNELL, RC HEIDT, LE POLLOCK, WH TI BROMOALKANE PRODUCTION BY ANTARCTIC ICE ALGAE SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Ice microalgae, collected from the underside of annual sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, were found to contain and release to seawater a number of brominated hydrocarbons. These included bromoform, dibromomethane, mixed bromochloromethanes, and methyl bromide. Atmospheric measurements in the McMurdo Sound vicinity revealed the presence of bromo-form and methyl bromide in the lower atmosphere, with lowest concentrations inland, further indicating that biogenic activity in the Sound is a source of organic bromine gases to the Antarctic atmosphere. This may have important implications for boundary layer chemistry in Antarctica, In the Arctic, the presence of bromoform has been linked to loss of surface ozone in the spring. We report here preliminary evidence for similar surface ozone loss at McMurdo Station. RP STURGES, WT (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Sturges, William/B-8248-2012 NR 0 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 45 IS 2 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1993.t01-1-00004.x PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KZ273 UT WOS:A1993KZ27300004 ER PT J AU CONG, SZ LI, YZ VOGEL, JL SCHAAKE, JC AF CONG, SZ LI, YZ VOGEL, JL SCHAAKE, JC TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE UNDERLYING DISTRIBUTION FORM OF PRECIPITATION BY USING REGIONAL DATA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLOOD FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS AB A method of identifying the underlying distribution form for precipitation is proposed in this paper. This method is different from the classical hypothesis-testing method and is based upon using regional data. Two fundamental assumptions are made: (1) the distribution forms of rainfall at all stations in a studied area are the same, and the third L moment ratios, tau3, at all stations are also the same; and (2) the unknown underlying distribution form is one among five commonly used distributions: i.e., generalized extreme value (GEV), gamma (GAM), lognormal (LON), generalized Pareto (PAR), and generalized logistic distribution (LGI). Using the proposed method, one can not only choose a distribution form for the given data, but also know the probability that the identification is correct. For a parameter within the range commonly occurring in practice, this probability is reasonably high. Therefore the proposed method would be valuable and informative. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,OFF HYDROL,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. ROTH ASSOCIATES INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1029/93WR00095 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA KW178 UT WOS:A1993KW17800032 ER PT J AU TATARSKII, VI AF TATARSKII, VI TI THE EXPANSION OF THE SOLUTION OF THE ROUGH-SURFACE SCATTERING PROBLEM IN POWERS OF QUASI-SLOPES SO WAVES IN RANDOM MEDIA LA English DT Article AB The theory of rough-surface scattering is formulated for the Dirichlet boundary conditions on the basis of the exact integral equations for the surface sources density. The theory of the small-slope approximation, proposed by Voronovich, is revised on the basis of this theory. Some of the general properties of the solution, suggested by Voronovich, are proved on the basis of this equation. The equation for the function describing modified (invariant) surface source density is obtained. Only the small-scale spectral components of the surface elevations are essential for this modified sources. We call the corresponding expansion a quasi-slope expansion. The two first terms of expansion in powers of quasi-slopes are presented. The expansion for the modified wave sources induces the corresponding expansion for the scattering amplitude, which is consistent both with perturbation theory and the Kirchhoff approximation. In the high-frequency limit the solution obtained coincides with Voronovich's expression. The reciprocity-theorem consequences for the solution obtained are analysed. RP TATARSKII, VI (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0959-7174 J9 WAVE RANDOM MEDIA JI Waves Random Media PD APR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 2 BP 127 EP 146 DI 10.1088/0959-7174/3/2/007 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA LQ056 UT WOS:A1993LQ05600007 ER PT J AU HARA, A SULLIVAN, CV DICKHOFF, WW AF HARA, A SULLIVAN, CV DICKHOFF, WW TI ISOLATION AND SOME CHARACTERIZATION OF VITELLOGENIN AND ITS RELATED EGG-YOLK PROTEINS FROM COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH) SO ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RAINBOW-TROUT; LIPOPHOSPHOPROTEIN VITELLOGENIN; CROSS-REACTIVITY; TELEOST FISHES; SERUM-PROTEINS; CHUM SALMON; GAIRDNERI; INDUCTION; ESTRADIOL; PLASMA AB Vitellogenin (Vg) and its related egg protein 1 (E1) and egg protein 2 (E2) were isolated from serum or eggs of mature female coho salmon by precipitation in distilled water followed by chromatography on Sepharose 6B (Vg) or Sephadex G-200 (yolk proteins). The coho salmon proteins reacted specifically with respective antisera raised against Vg (a-Vg), E1 (a-E1) or E2 (a-E2) purified from chum salmon. Two female-specific proteins were identified in serum from mature coho salmon. Coho salmon Vg had an aparent molecular weight of 540 kDa after chromatography on Superose 6, appeared as a major 240 kDa band and a minor 165 kDa band in SDS-PAGE, and resolved into a major 165 kDa band and several minor 70-150 kDa bands after SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. It reacted immunologically with a-E1 and a-E2. The other female-specific serum protein, designated coho salmon E2, reacted with a-E2 but not with a-E1. The apparent molecular weight of purified E1 and E2 were 230 and 35 kDa, respectively, after chromatography on Superose 6. E1 appeared as two main bands of 150 and 92 kDa in SDS-PAGE which resolved into two smaller bands (92 kDa and 20 kDa) after reduction. E2 appeared as a 30 kDa band in SDS-PAGE and as a 15 kDa band after reduction. The above immunological and biochemical characteristics and subunit structure of coho salmon Vg, E1, and E2 were found to be nearly identical to the corresponding proteins in several other salmonid species of diverse genera. These properties of Vg have been highly conserved during salmonid evolution. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,RALEIGH,NC 27695. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISHERIES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NW FISHERIES CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98112. RP HARA, A (reprint author), HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC FISHERIES,NANAE FISH CULTURE EXPTL STN,KAMEDA,HOKKAIDO 04111,JAPAN. RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014 OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458 NR 39 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA HONGO 2-27-2 BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO 113, JAPAN SN 0289-0003 J9 ZOOL SCI JI Zool. Sci. PD APR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA LE630 UT WOS:A1993LE63000004 ER PT J AU PEI, PT KELLY, JF MALGHAN, SG AF PEI, PT KELLY, JF MALGHAN, SG TI INTERFACE MODIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICON-CARBIDE PLATELETS COATED WITH ALUMINA PARTICLES SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS LA English DT Article DE ALUMINA PARTICLES; COLLOIDAL TECHNIQUES; ELECTROKINETIC SONIC AMPLITUDE; INTERFACIAL CONTROL; SILICON CARBIDE PLATELETS AB A colloidal-chemistry-based technique was developed for interface modification of silicon carbide platelets (SiCp) by coating with alumina particles. The coating process utilizes electrostatic and/or electrosteric interactions between the particles to promote heterocoagulation. Since an understanding of the chemical interface between the SiCp and alumina is important for improving the coating process, the powders were characterized by the measurement of the electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA). The major factors studied were particle size, type of alumina, presence of polyacrylate surfactant, and concentration of alumina in the coating slip. The surface coverage and morphology of the alumina coating on SiCp was determined quantitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that around pH 5.8, the surface charge difference between SiCp and alumina was the largest and the coating of alumina on SiCp was feasible. The SEM data showed that surface coverage was uniform, and the highest surface coverage on SiCp was 66% when the surface area ratio of alumina to SiCp was 250% in the suspension. No significant improvement of the coating rate was observed by the addition of a polyacrylate for dispersion of SiCp. The concentration of alumina in the slip exhibited a strong influence on the amount of surface coverage on SiCp. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7757 J9 COLLOID SURFACE A JI Colloid Surf. A-Physicochem. Eng. Asp. PD MAR 31 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 3 BP 277 EP 287 DI 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80301-T PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA LK988 UT WOS:A1993LK98800009 ER PT J AU BLACK, DR BURDETTE, HE AF BLACK, DR BURDETTE, HE TI X-RAY-DIFFRACTION IMAGING OF MAN-MADE AND NATURAL DIAMOND SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DIAMOND 92 - 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONF ON THE NEW DIAMOND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / 3RD EUROPEAN CONF ON DIAMOND, DIAMOND-LIKE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1992 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP NORTON DIAMOND FILM, NORTHBORO RES CTR, DIAMOND & RELATED MAT, MONSANTO EUROPE, DRUKKER INT, JAPAN NEW DIAMOND FORUM, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, KOBEL STEEL, MITSUBISHI MAT, SUMIMOTO ELECT IND, DE BEERS IND DIAMOND DIV ID GROWTH AB Natural diamond crystals, intended for use as substrates for chemical vapor deposition growth of homoepitaxial diamond films and man-made diamond crystals have been studied by X-ray diffraction imaging (topography) using the National Institute of Standards and Technology materials science X-ray beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source. An examination of type Ia, type IIa and type IIb natural crystals has shown that, in general, type Ia material is less strained with a better-defined microstructure and with less variation among samples. The type II samples show a large degree of variation in residual strain and a disrupted microstructure resulting from a large number of crystalline imperfections. The high temperature, high pressure process for growth of man-made diamond yields crystals that are almost always superior to commercially available natural material. C1 GE CO,SUPERABRAS,WORTHINGTON,OH 43085. RP BLACK, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,223-A163,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE 1 PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE 1, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD MAR 31 PY 1993 VL 2 IS 2-4 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0925-9635(93)90041-Y PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA LE620 UT WOS:A1993LE62000012 ER PT J AU WICKNER, S SKOWYRA, D HOSKINS, J MCKENNEY, K AF WICKNER, S SKOWYRA, D HOSKINS, J MCKENNEY, K TI THE FUNCTION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS IN PLASMID P1 DNA-REPLICATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,MOLEC BIOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96500963 ER PT J AU GLAZIER, SA HORVATH, JJ AF GLAZIER, SA HORVATH, JJ TI FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENT OF TETRACYCLINE IN NATURAL MEDIA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 2 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301545 ER PT J AU PEACOCK, SJ COPLEY, SD AF PEACOCK, SJ COPLEY, SD TI ACTIVITY OF 4-CHLOROBENZOYL COA DEHALOGENASE IN ORGANIC-SOLVENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 12 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98102183 ER PT J AU COLE, KD TODD, PW DUTTA, BK AF COLE, KD TODD, PW DUTTA, BK TI ELECTROPHORESIS AND ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY IN AN IMPROVED VERTICAL COLUMN SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 32 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100362 ER PT J AU ABRAMOWITZ, S AF ABRAMOWITZ, S TI THE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 49 EP BTEC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301591 ER PT J AU NEUMANN, DA AF NEUMANN, DA TI NEUTRON-SCATTERING STUDIES OF ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS AND DISORDER OF C60 AND C70 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 50 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300656 ER PT J AU HERTZ, HS AF HERTZ, HS TI ACCURACY AND QUALITY IN THE ANALYTICAL LABORATORY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,OFF QUAL PROGRAMS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 59 EP ANYL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100284 ER PT J AU FOSTER, MD VIERHELLER, TR SCHMIDT, A MATHAUER, K KNOLL, W WEGNER, G SATIJA, S MAJKRZAK, CF AF FOSTER, MD VIERHELLER, TR SCHMIDT, A MATHAUER, K KNOLL, W WEGNER, G SATIJA, S MAJKRZAK, CF TI INTERFACIAL MICROSTRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MULTILAYERS CONTAINING HAIRY-ROD COPOLYMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAX PLANCK INST POLYMER RES,W-6500 MAINZ,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV AKRON,INST POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 61 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101370 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, T BYRD, E BENTZ, D AF NGUYEN, T BYRD, E BENTZ, D TI MEASURING TRANSPORT OF LIQUID WATER THROUGH ORGANIC COATINGS ADHERED TO A SUBSTRATE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 68 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301408 ER PT J AU BENNER, BA AF BENNER, BA TI STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR USE IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION METHOD DEVELOPMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 77 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101790 ER PT J AU HARDESTY, RM AF HARDESTY, RM TI LIDAR TECHNIQUES FOR CHEMICAL AND AEROSOL AIR-POLLUTION STUDIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 82 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300080 ER PT J AU KOWALCZYK, D BASINSKA, T SLOMKOWSKI, S WANG, FW AF KOWALCZYK, D BASINSKA, T SLOMKOWSKI, S WANG, FW TI PROTEINS AT THE INTERFACES OF POLY(STYRENE ACROLEIN) LATEXES AND SOLVENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. POLISH ACAD SCI,PL-90362 LODZ 40,POLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 88 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101397 ER PT J AU AGARWALA, JP TODD, P PELLEGRINO, JJ AF AGARWALA, JP TODD, P PELLEGRINO, JJ TI BIOMIMETIC IMMOBILIZED LIQUID MEMBRANE SEPARATOR FOR AQUEOUS SOLUTES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 97 EP BIOT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98100426 ER PT J AU SHENOY, V ROSENBLATT, J VINCENT, J GAIGALAS, AK AF SHENOY, V ROSENBLATT, J VINCENT, J GAIGALAS, AK TI MESH SIZE MEASUREMENT IN RIGID AND FLEXIBLE POLYELECTROLYTE MATRICES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 102 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101411 ER PT J AU ELKINS, JW AF ELKINS, JW TI MITIGATION OF THE GROWTH OF THE CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 119 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300117 ER PT J AU TARLOV, MJ AF TARLOV, MJ TI THE INTERACTION OF EVAPORATED METALS WITH SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 120 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101429 ER PT J AU LETERRIER, Y MCKENNA, GB AF LETERRIER, Y MCKENNA, GB TI MEASUREMENT OF TIME SCALES IN THE ASYMMETRY OF APPROACH EXPERIMENT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Leterrier, Yves/I-7398-2013; McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 122 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301462 ER PT J AU FERGUSON, E AF FERGUSON, E TI THE NOAA CLIMATE MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS LABORATORY (CMDL) RESEARCH-PROGRAM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,ERL,CMDL,RECG,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 136 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300134 ER PT J AU ALBRITTON, D AF ALBRITTON, D TI THE NOAA-AERONOMY-LABORATORY - HELPING ANSWER THE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS OF THE 1990S SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 137 EP NUCL PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300135 ER PT J AU HACKLEY, VA MALGHAN, SG AF HACKLEY, VA MALGHAN, SG TI POLYELECTROLYTES AS DISPERSANTS IN COLLOIDAL PROCESSING OF SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 140 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101449 ER PT J AU EMERY, AP EDWARDS, JJ AF EMERY, AP EDWARDS, JJ TI SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 141 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101854 ER PT J AU HAN, CC SAKURAI, S JINNAI, H HASEGAWA, H HASHIMOTO, T AF HAN, CC SAKURAI, S JINNAI, H HASEGAWA, H HASHIMOTO, T TI MICROSTRUCTURE EFFECTS ON THE EQUILIBRIUM PHASE-BEHAVIOR OF ELASTOMER BLENDS STUDIED BY SANS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 KYOTO UNIV,DEPT POLYMER CHEM,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Jinnai, Hiroshi/F-8456-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 147 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301487 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, GB CRISSMAN, JM AF MCKENNA, GB CRISSMAN, JM TI ANOMALOUS SWELLING IN RUBBER AND THE CROSS-LINK DEPENDENCE OF X SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI McKenna, Gregory/O-1134-2013 OI McKenna, Gregory/0000-0002-5676-9930 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 148 EP PMSE PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301488 ER PT J AU FOSTER, MD SIKKA, M SINGH, N BATES, FS SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF FOSTER, MD SIKKA, M SINGH, N BATES, FS SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI POLYOLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMERS NEAR INTERFACES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV AKRON,DEPT POLYMER SCI,AKRON,OH 44325. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM ENGN & MAT SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 151 EP IEC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98102316 ER PT J AU BRUM, JL JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF BRUM, JL JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA OF THE HETEROISOTOPIC CH2D AND CHD2 METHYL RADICALS BY RESONANCE ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 191 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300797 ER PT J AU IRIKURA, KK HUDGENS, JW JOHNSON, RD AF IRIKURA, KK HUDGENS, JW JOHNSON, RD TI MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY OF CH2 AND CHF SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 194 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300800 ER PT J AU HUDGENS, JW DEARDEN, DV JOHNSON, RD AF HUDGENS, JW DEARDEN, DV JOHNSON, RD TI NEW RYDBERG STATES OF GAS-PHASE ALUMINUM HALIDES OBSERVED BY RESONANCE-ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 195 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300801 ER PT J AU PLANT, AL TARLOV, M AF PLANT, AL TARLOV, M TI PHOSPHOLIPID-CONTAINING BILAYERS FROM ALKANETHIOL SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 195 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101504 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, RD DEARDEN, D HUDGENS, JW AF JOHNSON, RD DEARDEN, D HUDGENS, JW TI SPECTRA OF GACL AND INCL BY RESONANCE ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 196 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300802 ER PT J AU MANNING, M PRICE, SD ROGERS, SA LEONE, SR AF MANNING, M PRICE, SD ROGERS, SA LEONE, SR TI COLLISIONAL REACTIVITY OF GAS-PHASE MOLECULAR DICATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RI Price, Stephen/C-2398-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 198 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300804 ER PT J AU SPAIN, EM SMITH, CJ DALBERTH, MJ DRIESSEN, JPJ LEONE, SR AF SPAIN, EM SMITH, CJ DALBERTH, MJ DRIESSEN, JPJ LEONE, SR TI INITIAL AND FINAL ORBITAL ALIGNMENT PROBING OF THE FINE-STRUCTURE CHANGING COLLISIONS AMONG THE CA 4S4P P-3(J) STATES WITH HE - DETERMINATION OF COHERENCE AND CONVENTIONAL CROSS-SECTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 206 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300812 ER PT J AU ANTONUCCI, JM STANSBURY, JW AF ANTONUCCI, JM STANSBURY, JW TI SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL POLYFLUORINATED ACRYLIC-MONOMERS AND OLIGOMERS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIST,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 212 EP POLY PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98301062 ER PT J AU LINEBERGER, WC AF LINEBERGER, WC TI TIME RESOLVED DYNAMICS IN LARGE MOLECULAR CLUSTER IONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 223 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300829 ER PT J AU NICOL, JM GLINKA, CJ RUSH, JJ STUCKY, GD RAMLI, E MARGOLESE, D HUO, Q PETROFF, PM AF NICOL, JM GLINKA, CJ RUSH, JJ STUCKY, GD RAMLI, E MARGOLESE, D HUO, Q PETROFF, PM TI MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES - CHARACTERIZATION OF PORE STRUCTURE AND ADSORBATE INTERACTIONS BY NEUTRON-SCATTERING METHODS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 240 EP PHYS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ983 UT WOS:A1993KQ98300845 ER PT J AU SMITH, DT AF SMITH, DT TI THE EFFECTS OF CHARGE-TRANSFER ON ADHESION AND FRICTION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 333 EP COLL PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101638 ER PT J AU INN, KGW COURSEY, BM EISENHOWER, EH WALKER, MD HUMPHREYS, JC HEATON, HT DUVALL, KC AF INN, KGW COURSEY, BM EISENHOWER, EH WALKER, MD HUMPHREYS, JC HEATON, HT DUVALL, KC TI THE ROLE OF THE OFFICE-OF-RADIATION-MEASUREMENT IN QUALITY ASSURANCE SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS CY SEP, 1990 CL MANCHESTER, ENGLAND SP BRIT NUCL FUELS DE QUALITY ASSURANCE; IONIZING RADIATION; CALIBRATION; SECONDARY LABORATORY AB Over the past ten years the National Institute of Standards and Technology has, through its Office of Radiation Measurement, developed several national Secondary Laboratories systems in the field of ionizing radiation. These Secondary Laboratories systems provide the necessary calibrations and quality assurance testing to support and affirm the caliber of the measurements in special areas of ionizing radiation. The areas that are supported by the program include State Radiation Protection, Personnel Dosimetry, Survey Instrument Calibration, High-level Dosimetry, Radiation Therapy, Bioassay, Survey Instrument Testing, Ionizing Radiation, Environmental Radioactivity, Radioactivity Standards, and Radon. RP INN, KGW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 25 PY 1993 VL 130 BP 497 EP 507 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90104-E PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA KR480 UT WOS:A1993KR48000051 ER PT J AU EILES, TM MARTINIS, JM DEVORET, MH AF EILES, TM MARTINIS, JM DEVORET, MH TI EVEN-ODD ASYMMETRY OF A SUPERCONDUCTOR REVEALED BY THE COULOMB BLOCKADE OF ANDREEV REFLECTION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; SINGLE-ELECTRON; CHARGE AB We have measured at low temperatures the current through a submicrometer superconducting is an connected to two normal metal leads by ultrasmall tunnel junctions. As the bias voltage is lowered well below twice the superconducting energy gap, the current changes from being e periodic with gate charge to 2e periodic. This behavior is clear evidence that there is a difference in the total energy between the ground states of an even and odd number of electrons on the island. The 2e-periodic current peaks are the first observation of the Coulomb blockade of Andreev reflection. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. CEA SACLAY,SERV PHYS ETAT CONDENSE,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. RP EILES, TM (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 18 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1862 EP 1865 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1862 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KT367 UT WOS:A1993KT36700033 ER PT J AU BORCHERS, JA CAREY, MJ ERWIN, RW MAJKRZAK, CF BERKOWITZ, AE AF BORCHERS, JA CAREY, MJ ERWIN, RW MAJKRZAK, CF BERKOWITZ, AE TI SPATIALLY MODULATED ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER IN COO/NIO SUPERLATTICES SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; COO; NIO AB Neutron diffraction measurements confirm the presence of long-range antiferromagnetic order in superlattices of cobalt oxide and nickel oxide. A single transition temperature between the values for bulk CoO and NiO is evident for two samples with 36 angstrom periods as previously reported, but the separate Ni and Co order parameters in a 72 angstrom period superlattice approximate bulk behavior. In the latter sample the magnetic order remains coherent across ostensibly paramagnetic CoO interlayers above 400 K. Mean field analysis accounts for the layer thickness dependence of the ordering temperature. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR MAGNET RECORDING RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP BORCHERS, JA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 22 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 12 BP 1878 EP 1881 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1878 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KT367 UT WOS:A1993KT36700037 ER PT J AU UNGURIS, J AF UNGURIS, J TI HOT PAPERS - SOLID-STATE PHYSICS - OBSERVATION OF 2 DIFFERENT OSCILLATION PERIODS IN THE EXCHANGE COUPLING OF FE/CR/FE(100) BY UNGURIS,J., CELOTTA,R.J., PIERCE,D.T. SO SCIENTIST LA English DT Article RP UNGURIS, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD, USA. RI Unguris, John/J-3989-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SCIENTIST INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 MARKET ST SUITE 450, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 SN 0890-3670 J9 SCIENTIST JI Scientist PD MAR 22 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 6 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KT067 UT WOS:A1993KT06700013 ER PT J AU DRAKE, SA SIMON, T BROWN, A AF DRAKE, SA SIMON, T BROWN, A TI DETECTION OF RADIO-CONTINUUM EMISSION FROM PROCYON SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RADIATION MECHANISMS, MISCELLANEOUS; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; STARS, INDIVIDUAL (ALPHA CANIS MINORIS) ID MASS-LOSS; MICROWAVE EMISSION; DWARF STARS; CORONAE; FLARE; SPECTRUM AB We have detected the F5 IV-V star Procyon as a weak and variable 3.6 cm radio continuum source using the Very Large Array.2 The inferred radio luminosity is 11.7 less-than-or-equal-to log L(nu) less-than-or-equal-to 12.2 which is similar to, though somewhat higher than, the X-band luminosity of the active and flaring Sun. The 33 muJy flux density level at which we detected Procyon on four of five occasions is close to the 36 muJy radio flux density expected from a model in which the radio emission consists of two components: optically thick '' stellar disk '' emission with a 3.6 cm brightness temperature of 2 x 10(4) K that is 50% larger than the solar value, and optically thin coronal emission with an emission measure the same as that indicated by Einstein and EXOSAT X-ray flux measurements in 1981 and 1983. The maximum mass-loss rate of a warm (T(e) approximately 10(4)-10(5) K) stellar wind is constrained by our radio observations to be less than 2 x 10(-11) M. yr-1. An elevated flux density of 115 muJy observed on a single occasion may have been associated with a radio outburst or flare, or, alternatively, been caused by the rotation onto the visible hemisphere of a large, intense active region. In either case, this observation provides circumstantial evidence for the existence of highly localized magnetic fields on the surface of Procyon. C1 UNIV HAWAII,INST ASTRON,HONOLULU,HI 96822. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DRAKE, SA (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYS SCI ARCHIVE RES CTR,CODE 668,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 406 IS 1 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1086/172436 PN 1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KT453 UT WOS:A1993KT45300025 ER PT J AU SMITH, DF BRECHT, SH AF SMITH, DF BRECHT, SH TI CORONAL PROTON ACCELERATION BY MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES AND RELATED PROTON TRANSPORT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HYDROMAGNETICS; PARTICLE ACCELERATION; SUN, CORONA; SUN, FLARES; SUN, PARTICLE EMISSION; WAVE MOTIONS ID SOLAR-FLARES; ALFVEN-WAVES; TURBULENCE; PARTICLES; WIND; RAY AB We consider coronal proton acceleration by a spectrum of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in the geometry of a magnetic loop including wave-wave interactions. The dominant wave-wave interaction is scattering on the polarization clouds of ions, which leads to the transformation of Alfven waves among themselves and with fast magnetosonic waves, and the transformation of fast magnetosonic waves among themselves. These processes have a very small direct effect on the acceleration process because the frequency changes are small. However, they can have a large indirect effect on the acceleration process because the thermal protons are heated or accelerated by beat-wave processes, allowing many more protons to satisfy the injection condition for acceleration. As a result, assuming that the source of turbulence has a limited energy reserve, the turbulence energy is '' burned out '' in proton acceleration on a time scale of a few to several seconds, depending on the exact conditions. The plausibility of this scenario is demonstrated, assuming an initial Maxwellian distribution for the thermal protons and working only with the total wave-energy density. Confirmation of these results requires a full numerical treatment. The protons are sufficiently well contained by the turbulence that they are released only after the turbulence has burned out. The protons then generate a low level of isotropizing Alfven waves due to the loss-cone instability, which causes their propagation to be diffusive, but only moderately impedes their transport under typical flare conditions. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. BERKELEY RES ASSOCIATES INC,BERKELEY,CA 94701. NOAA,SPACE ENVIRONM LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP SMITH, DF (reprint author), BERKELEY RES ASSOCIATES INC,290 GREEN ROCK DR,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 406 IS 1 BP 298 EP 305 DI 10.1086/172441 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KT453 UT WOS:A1993KT45300030 ER PT J AU NEIDIG, DF KIPLINGER, AL COHL, HS WIBORG, PH AF NEIDIG, DF KIPLINGER, AL COHL, HS WIBORG, PH TI THE SOLAR WHITE-LIGHT FLARE OF 1989 MARCH 7 - SIMULTANEOUS MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS AT HIGH TIME RESOLUTION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SUN, FLARES; SUN, X-RAYS, GAMMA-RAYS ID LOOP RADIATIVE HYDRODYNAMICS; X-RAY BURST; ELECTRON-BEAM; CHROMOSPHERE; MODEL; APRIL AB We present observational data for the 1989 March 7 white-light flare (WLF), including SMM/HXRBS hard X-ray measurements and CCD optical images in 5000 angstrom continuum and at 3 angstrom in the red and blue wings of the Halpha line. The optical data were acquired at a 0.5 s rate under good seeing and were further processed to remove image motion and distortion. The flare kernel shows an impulsive rise in both Halpha and continuum that is well correlated with impulsive hard X-rays. The Halpha emission shows a red asymmetry which we interpret as Doppler redshift associated with explosive heating of the chromosphere. These results are consistent with previous observational descriptions which traditionally have been interpreted in terms of heating and ionization of the flare chromosphere by a nonthermal electron beam. However, new observational results which have not been reported previously include (1) the separation of the flare kernel into a bright inner core and a fainter outer region, where the two components display distinctly different temporal behavior and amount of Halpha red asymmetry, and (2) a delay, relative to hard X-rays, of approximately 1 s in the impulsive rise of the Halpha wing emission, followed by an additional 1-2 s delay in the 5000 angstrom continuum. It is concluded that the observed fluxes and timing of the hard X-ray and WLF optical emissions are consistent with chromospheric heating by nonthermal electrons, with additional visible light continuum possibly being contributed by a backwarmed photosphere irradiated by intense chromospheric recombination continua (principally Balmer continuum). Power sufficiency of nonthermal electrons in balancing WLF radiative losses is shown to be more easily satisfied when the latter irradiation process applies, than in the case of a purely chromospheric model. The observed delays in impulsive Halpha wing emission relative to hard X-rays may be related to the nonthermal ionization time scale of the chromosphere, or may involve the formation of a chromospheric condensation. A satisfactory explanation for the continuum delay is not obtained. C1 UNIV COLORADO, DEPT ASTROPHYS PLANETARY & ATMOSPHER SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, SPACE ENVIRONM LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP NATL SOLAR OBSERV, PHILLIPS LAB AFSC, GEOPHYS DIRECTORATE, SACRAMENTO PEAK, SUNSPOT, NM 88349 USA. NR 39 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 406 IS 1 BP 306 EP 318 DI 10.1086/172442 PN 1 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KT453 UT WOS:A1993KT45300031 ER PT J AU RIND, D CHIOU, EW CHU, W OLTMANS, S LERNER, J LARSEN, J MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, L AF RIND, D CHIOU, EW CHU, W OLTMANS, S LERNER, J LARSEN, J MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, L TI OVERVIEW OF THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND GAS EXPERIMENT-II WATER-VAPOR OBSERVATIONS - METHOD, VALIDATION, AND DATA CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; H2O; O-3; CH4; DEHYDRATION; NIMBUS-7; CLIMATE; MODELS; OZONE; LIMS AB Water vapor observations obtained from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) solar occultation instrument for the troposphere and stratosphere are presented and compared with correlative in situ measurement techniques and other satellite data. The SAGE II instrument produces water vapor values from cloud top to approximately 1 mbar, except in regions of high aerosol content such as occurs in the low to middle stratosphere after volcanic eruptions. Details of the analysis procedure, instrumental errors, and data characteristics are discussed. Various features of the data set for the first 5 years after launch (1985-1989) are identified. These include an increase in middle and upper tropospheric water vapor during northern hemisphere summer and autumn, thus at times of warmest sea surface temperature; minimum water vapor values of 2.5-3 ppmv in the tropical lower stratosphere, with lower values during northern hemisphere winter and spring; slowly increasing water vapor values with altitude in the stratosphere, reaching 5-6 ppmv or greater near the stratopause; extratropical values with minimum profile amounts occurring above the conventionally defined tropopause; and higher extratropical than tropical water vapor values throughout the stratosphere except in locations of possible polar stratospheric clouds. SAGE II data will be useful for studying individual water vapor profiles, tropospheric response to climate perturbations, tropospheric-stratospheric exchange (due to its inherent high vertical resolution), and stratospheric transports. It should also aid in the preparation, for the first time on a global scale, of climatologies of the stratosphere and the upper level cloud-free troposphere, for use in radiative, dynamical, and chemical studies. C1 STX CORP,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA. NOAA,CLIMATE MODELLING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP RIND, D (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10025, USA. NR 55 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 4835 EP 4856 DI 10.1029/92JD01174 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900001 ER PT J AU CHU, WP CHIOU, EW LARSEN, JC THOMASON, LW RIND, D BUGLIA, JJ OLTMANS, S MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, LM AF CHU, WP CHIOU, EW LARSEN, JC THOMASON, LW RIND, D BUGLIA, JJ OLTMANS, S MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, LM TI ALGORITHMS AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSES FOR STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND GAS EXPERIMENT-II WATER-VAPOR RETRIEVAL SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION; PARAMETERS; INVERSION; NIMBUS-7; OZONE AB This paper provides a detailed description of the current operational inversion algorithm for the retrieval of water vapor vertical profiles from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) occultation data at the 0.94-mum wavelength channel. This algorithm is different from the algorithm used for the retrieval of the other species such as aerosol, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide because of the nonlinear relationship between the concentration versus the broad band absorption characteristics of water vapor. Included in the discussion of the retrieval algorithm are problems related to the accuracy of the computational scheme, accuracy of the removal of other interfering species, and the expected uncertainty of the retrieved profile. A comparative analysis on the computational schemes used for the calculation of the water vapor transmission at the 0.94-mum wavelength region is presented. Analyses are also presented on the sensitivity of the retrievals to interferences from the other species which contribute to the total signature as observed at the 0.94-mum wavelength channel on SAGE II instrument. Error analyses of the SAGE II water vapor retrieval will be shown, indicating that good quality water vapor data are being produced by the SAGE II measurements. C1 STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA. GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GODDARD INST SPACE SCI,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV FLIGHT ELECTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP CHU, WP (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. OI Thomason, Larry/0000-0002-1902-0840 NR 27 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 4857 EP 4866 DI 10.1029/92JD01628 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900002 ER PT J AU MCCORMICK, MP CHIOU, EW MCMASTER, LR CHU, WP LARSEN, JC RIND, D OLTMANS, S AF MCCORMICK, MP CHIOU, EW MCMASTER, LR CHU, WP LARSEN, JC RIND, D OLTMANS, S TI ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF WATER-VAPOR IN THE STRATOSPHERE AND UPPER TROPOSPHERE OBSERVED BY THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND GAS EXPERIMENT-II SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID H2O; DISTRIBUTIONS; LIMS; O-3; CH4; HDO AB This paper presents a description of the annual variations of water vapor in the stratosphere and the upper troposphere derived from observations of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II). The altitude-time cross sections exhibit annually repeatable patterns in both hemispheres. The appearance of a yearly minimum in water vapor in both hemispheres at approximately the same time supports the idea of a common source(s) for stratospheric dry air. Annual patterns observed at northern mid-latitudes, like the appearance of a hygropause in winter and the weakening and upward shifting of the hygropause from January to May, agree with in situ balloon observations previously obtained over Boulder and Washington, D. C. An increase in water vapor with altitude in the tropics is consistent with methane oxidation in the upper stratosphere to lower mesosphere as a source for water vapor. A poleward gradient is also shown as expected based on a Lagrangian mean circulation. A linear regression analysis using SAGE II data from January 1986 to December 1988 shows that little annual variation occurs in the middle and upper stratosphere with the region of large annual variability near the tropopause. The semi-annual variability is relatively marked at altitudes of 24 and 40 km in the tropics. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO. NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV FLIGHT ELECTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. RP MCCORMICK, MP (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23665, USA. NR 30 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 4867 EP 4874 DI 10.1029/92JD02218 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900003 ER PT J AU CHIOU, EW MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, LR CHU, WP LARSEN, JC RIND, D OLTMANS, S AF CHIOU, EW MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, LR CHU, WP LARSEN, JC RIND, D OLTMANS, S TI INTERCOMPARISON OF STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR OBSERVED BY SATELLITE EXPERIMENTS - STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND GAS EXPERIMENT-II VERSUS LIMB INFRARED MONITOR OF THE STRATOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERIC TRACE MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MESOSPHERE; NIMBUS-7; MODEL AB This paper presents a comparison of the stratospheric water vapor measurements made by the satellite-borne sensors the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS), and the Spacelab 3 Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment. LIMS obtained data for 7 months between November 1978 and May 1979; ATMOS was carried on Shuttle and observed eight profiles from April 30 to May 6, 1985 at approximately 30-degrees-N and 50-degrees-S; and, SAGE II continues to make measurements since its launch in October 1984. For both 30-degrees-N and 50-degrees-S in May, the comparisons between SAGE II and ATMOS show agreement within the estimated combined uncertainty of the two experiments. Several important features identified by LIMS observations have been confirmed by SAGE II: a well-developed hygropause in the lower stratosphere at low- to mid-latitudes, a poleward latitudinal gradient, increasing water vapor mixing ratios with altitude in the tropics, and the transport of dry lower stratospheric water vapor upward and southward in May, and upward and northward in November. A detailed comparative study also indicates that the two previously suggested corrections for LIMS, a correction in tropical lower stratosphere due to a positive temperature bias and the correction above 28 km based on improved emissivities will bring LIMS measurements much closer to those of SAGE II. The only significant difference occurs at high southern latitudes in May below 18 km, where LIMS measurements are 2-3 ppmv greater. It should be noted that LIMS observations are from 16 to 50 km, ATMOS from 14 to 86 km, and SAGE II from mid-troposphere to 40 km. With multiyear coverage, SAGE II observations should be useful for studying tropospheric-stratospheric exchange, for stratospheric transport, and for preparing water vapor climatologies for the stratosphere and the upper troposphere. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NASA,GODDARD INST SPACE STUDIES,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV FLIGHT ELECTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 4875 EP 4887 DI 10.1029/92JD01629 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900004 ER PT J AU LARSEN, JC CHIOU, EW CHU, WP MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, LR OLTMANS, S RIND, D AF LARSEN, JC CHIOU, EW CHU, WP MCCORMICK, MP MCMASTER, LR OLTMANS, S RIND, D TI A COMPARISON OF THE STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL AND GAS EXPERIMENT-II TROPOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR TO RADIOSONDE MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; SATELLITE; CO AB Upper tropospheric Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) water vapor observations are compared to correlative radiosonde observations and radiosonde based climatologies. The SAGE II 1987 monthly zonal mean water vapor climatology is compared to both the Global Atmospheric Circulation Statistics (1963-1973) climatology and to the 1987 radiosonde climatology. The clear sky SAGE II climatology is found to be approximately half the level of both the clear/cloudy sky radiosonde climatologies. To determine whether this is realistic for these two different climatologies or includes additional observational and instrumental biases, we took the 1987 radiosonde data set and identified approximately 800 correlative profile pairs. The observational biases inherent to SAGE II and the radiosondes produce a set of profile pairs characteristic of clear sky, land conditions. A critical review of the radiosonde measurement capability was carried out to establish the operating range and accuracy in the upper troposphere. We show that even with tight coincidence criterion, the quality of the profile pair comparisons varies considerably because of strong water vapor variability occurring on small time and space scales. Annual zonal means calculated from the set of profile pairs again finds SAGE II significantly drier in many latitude bands. Resolving the radiosonde data base by hygrometer type shows this to be true for all hygrometers except for the thin film capacitive type (Vaisala Humicap). For this hygrometer, between 4.5 and 6.5 km SAGE II is drier by approximately 25.%, and from 8.5 to 11.5 km they are nearly equivalent when global annual means are compared. The good agreement with the Vaisala Humicap, currently the most accurate and responsive hygrometer in operational use, suggests existing radiosonde climatologies contain a significant moist bias in the upper troposphere. C1 HUGHES STX CORP,HAMPTON,VA. NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,HAMPTON,VA 23665. NASA,CLIMATE MODELING & DIAGNOST LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NOAA,CLIMATE MODELING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 4897 EP 4917 DI 10.1029/92JD01630 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900006 ER PT J AU MO, KC KOUSKY, VE AF MO, KC KOUSKY, VE TI FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCULATION ANOMALY PATTERNS AND TROPICAL CONVECTION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; PACIFIC; DYNAMICS; WINTER; STREAM AB Tropical-extratropical connections am investigated for 250-mbar stream function fluctuations in both intraseasonal and interannual bands. The principal modes of anomalous 250-mbar stream function are computed and related to anomalous outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), which is used as a proxy for deep tropical convection. The leading mode for both boreal winter and summer displays a large zonally symmetric component, which appears in both the intraseasonal (IS) and interannual (IA) bands. In the IS band, the dominant mode is an oscillation with a period of 48 days. Correlations between the principal component of this mode and OLR anomalies indicate that this pattern is directly related to convection in the tropical Pacific. The second mode for the boreal winter consists of a wave train from the Pacific Ocean east-northeastward to western North America and then east-southeastward to the subtropical Atlantic Ocean. This mode also exists in both IA and IS bands. Simultaneous and lagged correlations between the amplitude time series of this mode and OLR anomalies indicate that extreme amplitudes of this wave train are preceded by extremes in the OLR anomalies (cloud band activity) in the subtropical North Pacific. Enhanced cloud band activity in the vicinity of Hawaii, associated with an anomalous cyclonic 250-mbar circulation in the same region precedes the maximum development of a 250-mbar ridge south of the Aleutian Islands, trough over western North America and another ridge along the cast coast of the United States. The second mode for boreal summer (June-August) is associated with variations of the Asian monsoon. RP MO, KC (reprint author), NOAA,NWS,NMC,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 5103 EP 5113 DI 10.1029/92JD02952 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900019 ER PT J AU HAMBA, F AF HAMBA, F TI A MODIFIED K-MODEL FOR CHEMICALLY REACTIVE SPECIES IN THE PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS; ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; VERTICAL TRANSPORT; CLOSURE-MODEL; FLUX PROFILES; DIFFUSION; SCALAR; SIMULATION; NO2 AB A modified K model is proposed for the diffusion of chemically reactive species. Eddy diffusivity is modified due to chemical reactions. The effect of cross diffusion is introduced; that is, the scalar flux of a species depends on the scalar gradients of other species. One-dimensional calculations are carried out for the convective boundary layer by using a K model, a modified K model, and a second-order model. Three types of simple chemical reactions are investigated. It is shown that results of the modified K model agree well with those of the second-order model. Profiles of mean mixing ratios and scalar fluxes are compared between the K model and the modified K model. For the simplest chemical reaction the difference between the two models is large when the chemical reaction time scale is shorter than the turbulent time scale. For the reaction of NO-NO2-03 triad, profiles of the scalar fluxes are shown to be very different between the two models. C1 NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 98 IS D3 BP 5173 EP 5182 DI 10.1029/92JD02511 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU069 UT WOS:A1993KU06900025 ER PT J AU HOVINGH, WJ PARSON, R AF HOVINGH, WJ PARSON, R TI PARTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS IN THE PREDISSOCIATION OF QUASI-BOUND STATES OF NEHF - AN ADIABATIC CHANNEL INTERPRETATION SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE PACKET; VANDERWAALS MOLECULES; FRAGMENTATION; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; NECL2 AB We have computed partial cross sections for the internal rotational predissociation of certain quasibound states of the NeHF van der Waals complex, using the time-dependent close-coupled wave packet method. These cross sections show strong selectivity in the orbital angular momentum of the outgoing fragments. We provide an explanation of these propensities based on an adiabatic channel interpretation, and discuss the observable physical consequences of the partial cross sections we calculate. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 1993 VL 204 IS 3-4 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1016/0009-2614(93)90023-T PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KR289 UT WOS:A1993KR28900024 ER PT J AU HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR AF HANSON, DR RAVISHANKARA, AR TI COMMENT ON POROSITIES OF ICE FILMS USED TO SIMULATE STRATOSPHERIC CLOUD SURFACES - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note C1 UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP HANSON, DR (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AERON LAB,R-E-AL2,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 5 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 18 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 11 BP 2802 EP 2803 DI 10.1021/j100113a054 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KT613 UT WOS:A1993KT61300054 ER PT J AU DIZDAROGLU, M OLINSKI, R DOROSHOW, JH AKMAN, SA AF DIZDAROGLU, M OLINSKI, R DOROSHOW, JH AKMAN, SA TI MODIFICATION OF DNA BASES IN CHROMATIN OF INTACT TARGET HUMAN-CELLS BY ACTIVATED HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; IONIZING-RADIATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TUMOR PROMOTER; THYMINE GLYCOL; TRANSFORMATION AB We investigated whether phorbol-12-acetate-13-myristate (PMA)-activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) induce base modifications in target cell DNA in vivo. Human PMNs produced 0.4 +/- 0.8 (SD) nmol of H2O2/10(6) cells during 50 min of exposure to 2 mug/ml PMA and 13.7 +/- 2.8 nmol/10(6) cells during exposure to PMA plus 5 mm NaN3. Neither nonstimulated PMNs, nor PMA alone, nor NaN3 alone induced base modifications in chromatin-associated DNA of human Ad293 cells above control levels, when assayed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. However, a 60-min exposure to 1.7 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) PMNs/ml in the presence of 2 mug/ml PMA induced a 2-3-fold increase in the level of all modified bases detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. The guanine-derived products 8-hydroxyguanine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine, and the adenine-derived product 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine were induced to the highest levels among those bases detected. These data demonstrate that exposure to activated PMNs causes DNA base modifications in target cells in vivo typical of those induced by hydroxyl radical attack. The induction of potentially promutagenic modified bases may contribute to the mutagenicity of activated PMNs. C1 MED SCH BYDGOSZCZ,DEPT CLIN BIOCHEM,PL-85094 BYDGOSZCZ,POLAND. CITY HOPE NATL MED CTR,DEPT MED ONCOL & THERAPEUT RES,DUARTE,CA 91010. RP DIZDAROGLU, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,BLDG 222-A353,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Olinski, Ryszard/E-9607-2014 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA33572, CA53115] NR 36 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1269 EP 1272 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA KR297 UT WOS:A1993KR29700012 PM 8383005 ER PT J AU KORMAN, CE MAYERGOYZ, ID GAITAN, M TAI, GC AF KORMAN, CE MAYERGOYZ, ID GAITAN, M TAI, GC TI AN EFFICIENT METHOD TO COMPUTE THE MAXIMUM TRANSIENT DRAIN CURRENT OVERSHOOT IN SILICON ON INSULATOR DEVICES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILM SOI MOSFETS; VELOCITY OVERSHOOT; EQUATION; MODEL AB We present an efficient method to compute the maximum transient drain current overshoot in silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors. The method is based on the physical idea that the number of majority carriers remains unchanged immediately after a change in the applied gate bias. The maximum overshoot is computed by solving the Poisson and the stationary minority carrier transport equations under the constraint that the number of majority carriers is conserved. Hence, the novel aspect of the method is that it allows one to compute the maximum drain current overshoot without resorting to a computationally costly transient simulation. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparing the value of the drain current computed by this method with the maximum value of the drain current computed by transient simulations. The comparisons show that, with this method, the maximum transient drain current overshoot can be computed quite accurately for fast changes in the gate bias. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ELECT ENGN, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, INST ADV COMP STUDIES, COLL PK, MD 20742 USA. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV SEMICOND ELECTR, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI, WASHINGTON, DC 20052 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 6 BP 2611 EP 2616 DI 10.1063/1.353078 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KT869 UT WOS:A1993KT86900001 ER PT J AU KURODA, Y MCPHADEN, MJ AF KURODA, Y MCPHADEN, MJ TI VARIABILITY IN THE WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN DURING JAPANESE PACIFIC CLIMATE STUDY CRUISES IN 1989 AND 1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; TRANSPORTS AB Data are examined from two cruises of the R/N Natsushima in the region 5-degrees-N to 5-degrees-S, 160-degrees-E to 160-degrees-W during January-February 1989 and January-February 1990. These cruises were conducted in the climatically sensitive region of the central equatorial Pacific cold tongue and the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during extremes of the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). Associated with high SOI values in January-February 1989, anomalously strong trade winds prevailed along the equator between 160-degrees-E and 160-degrees-W, the cold tongue penetrated to west of the date line, surface dynamic height (relative to 1000 dbar) sloped up to the west along the equator by 17 dyn cm between 160-degrees-W and 160-degrees-E, and the depth of the equatorial thermocline increased from 100 m at 160-degrees-W to 150 m at 160-degrees-E. Flow in the surface layer was to the west at speeds up to 60-80 cm s-1 in the South Equatorial Current, and volume transport in the upper 100 m (300 m) was 52 Sv (98 Sv) to the west across the date line between 5-degrees-N and 5-degrees-S. Flow and hydrographic conditions were markedly different 1 year later when the SOI was at a negative extreme. Winds became westerly west of the dateline at speeds up to 10 m s-1, the zonal slope of the upper thermocline and of surface dynamic height reversed, the surface layer warmed by 2-degrees-3-degrees-C between 160-degrees-W and 160-degrees-E, and the cold tongue disappeared from the western Pacific. Zonal currents reversed and flowed eastward at speeds of 20-60 cm s-1 in the upper 75 m along the equator between 155-degrees-E and 175-degrees-E. Conversely, east of 180-degrees easterly surface winds and westward surface flow prevailed, so that near the date line both surface zonal winds and currents were convergent. Associated with this convergence, surface dynamic height rose by 12 dyn cm, and a relatively sharp zonal gradient in water mass properties developed in the surface layer. Net westward volume transport across the dateline between 5-degrees-N and 5-degrees-S in the upper 100 m (300 m) was reduced to 29 Sv (47 Sv) in early 1990, or about 50% of the transports observed the previous year. Diagnosis of the depth integrated zonal momentum balance for both cruises indicated that the changes in upper ocean transport could not be interpreted as a linear equilibrium response to local wind forcing. C1 NOAA, PMEL, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. JAPAN MARINE SCI & TECHNOL CTR, YOKOSUKA, JAPAN. RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 98 IS C3 BP 4747 EP 4759 DI 10.1029/92JC02684 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KR852 UT WOS:A1993KR85200012 ER PT J AU DONNER, LJ AF DONNER, LJ TI A CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION INCLUDING MASS FLUXES, VERTICAL MOMENTUM DYNAMICS, AND MESOSCALE EFFECTS SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL CLOUD CLUSTERS; SCALE WAVE DISTURBANCES; MOISTURE BUDGETS; CONVECTIVE ORGANIZATION; DOWNDRAFTS; SCHEME; HEAT; GATE AB A formulation for parameterizing cumulus convection, which treats cumulus vertical momentum dynamics and mass fluxes consistently, is presented. This approach predicts the penetrative extent of cumulus updrafts on the basis of their vertical momentum and provides a basis for treating cumulus microphysics using formulations that depend on vertical velocity. Treatments for cumulus microphysics are essential if the water budgets of convective systems are to be evaluated for treating mesoscale stratiform processes associated with convection, which are important for radiative interactions influencing climate. The water budget (both condensed and vapor) of the cumulus updrafts is used to drive a semi-empirical parameterization for the large-scale effects of the mesoscale circulations associated with deep convection. The parameterization for mesoscale effects invokes mesoscale ascent to redistribute vertically water detrained at the tops of the cumulus updrafts. The local cooling associated with this mesoscale ascent is probably larger than radiative heating of the mesoscale anvil clouds, and the mesoscale ascent may be in part a response to such radiative heating. The parameterization was applied to two tropical thermodynamic profiles whose diagnosed forcing by convective systems differed significantly. A spectrum of cumulus updrafts was allowed. The deepest of the updrafts penetrated the upper troposphere, while the shallower updrafts penetrated into the region of the mesoscale anvil. The relative numbers of cumulus updrafts of characteristic vertical velocities comprising the parameterized ensemble corresponded well with available observations. However, the large-scale heating produced by the ensemble without mesoscale circulations was concentrated at lower heights than observed or was characterized by excessive peak magnitudes. Also, an unobserved large-scale source of water vapor was produced in the middle troposphere. When the parameterization for mesoscale effects was added, the large-scale thermal and moisture forcing predicted by the parameterization agreed well with observations for both cases. The significance of mesoscale processes, some of which may depend in part on radiative forcing, suggests that future cumulus parameterization development will need to treat some radiative processes. Further, the long time scale of the mesoscale processes relative to that of the cumulus cells indicates a possible requirement for carrying some characteristics of the convective system in time as cumulus parameterizations are incorporated in large-scale models whose resolutions remain too large to capture explicitly the mesoscale processes. RP PRINCETON UNIV, NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,FORRESTAL CAMPUS, US ROUTE 1, POB 308, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. NR 28 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 6 BP 889 EP 906 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0889:ACPIMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KV365 UT WOS:A1993KV36500008 ER PT J AU TING, MF SARDESHMUKH, PD AF TING, MF SARDESHMUKH, PD TI FACTORS DETERMINING THE EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE TO EQUATORIAL DIABATIC HEATING ANOMALIES SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WAVE-PROPAGATION; EL-NINO; PATTERNS; FLOW; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB The steady linear response of a spherical baroclinic atmosphere to an equatorial diabatic heat source having a simple horizontal and vertical structure is examined. This source is imposed upon representative zonally symmetric as well as zonally varying flows during the boreal winter. Two climatologies are considered. One is a 6-year average of global observations analyzed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The other is a 30-year average, taken from a general circulation model (GCM) run at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton. The extratropical response is found to be very sensitive to the basic state around which the governing primitive equations are linearized, and in the case of the ECMWF climatology, to the longitudinal position of the source with respect to the climatological waves. There is also some sensitivity to the vertical level of maximum heating, although again this is more evident in the case of the ECMWF basic state. These results are discussed in terms of simple theoretical ideas, and implications are drawn for the short-range climate prediction problem. The evidence presented here suggests that subtle differences in the ambient flow can give rise to very different low-frequency normal modes, and thence to drastically different responses to tropical perturbations imposed upon that flow. RP TING, MF (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 26 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 50 IS 6 BP 907 EP 918 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<0907:FDTERT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KV365 UT WOS:A1993KV36500009 ER PT J AU FREY, M SIMIU, E AF FREY, M SIMIU, E TI NOISE-INDUCED CHAOS AND PHASE-SPACE FLUX SO PHYSICA D LA English DT Article ID POWER SPECTRA; PERTURBATIONS; ATTRACTORS; SIMULATION AB We study the effect of additive noise on near-integrable second-order dynamical systems whose unperturbed flows have homoclinic or heteroclinic orbits. The noise is represented by a type of Shinozuka stochastic process capable of arbitrarily closely approximating Gaussian noise with any specified spectrum. We derive a formula for the flux factor applicable for any asymptotic mean stationary excitation. This derivation shows that, to first order, the effect of the external excitation on the system is mediated by a linear filter associated with the system homoclinic or heteroclinic orbit. It also shows that the stationary mean distribution of the filtered excitation determines the average phase space flux. This is true for both random and nonrandom excitations and indicates that, for the dynamical systems considered here, these two classes of excitation play substantially equivalent roles in the promotion of chaos. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV STRUCT,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP FREY, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ENGN,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 37 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 63 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 340 DI 10.1016/0167-2789(93)90114-G PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA KV393 UT WOS:A1993KV39300005 ER PT J AU MIYANO, KE WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T SPICER, WE RICHTER, M PIANETTA, P AF MIYANO, KE WOICIK, JC KENDELEWICZ, T SPICER, WE RICHTER, M PIANETTA, P TI SURFACE EXTENDED X-RAY-ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE STUDY OF THE (1 MONOLAYER SB) GAP(110) INTERFACE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS; 110 SURFACES; PHOTOEMISSION; SPECTROSCOPY; OVERLAYERS; SEMICONDUCTORS; INTENSITIES; AMPLITUDE; SI(111) AB Sb L-edge absorption fine structure has been measured to study the bonding geometry of the (1 monolayer Sb)/GaP(110) interface. The polarization dependence of these measurements confirms that the Sb zigzag chains lie nearly parallel to the GaP surface. The Sb-P, Sb-Ga, and Sb-Sb bond lengths are determined to be 2.60+/-0.05, 2.79+/-0.05, and 2.88+/-0.05 angstrom, respectively. These values are better characterized by sums of covalent radii than by bond lengths determined in total-energy-minimization calculations. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD ELECTR LABS,STANFORD,CA 94305. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 11 BP 6444 EP 6449 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.6444 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KT882 UT WOS:A1993KT88200030 ER PT J AU WINKLER, PF OLINGER, TM WESTERBEKE, SA AF WINKLER, PF OLINGER, TM WESTERBEKE, SA TI CCD MOSAIC IMAGES OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT 3C 400.2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PLANETARY NEBULAE, GENERAL; PLANETARY NEBULAE, INDIVIDUAL (3C 400.2); SUPERNOVA REMNANTS ID SHOCK-WAVES; OPTICAL-EMISSION; ATLAS; M33; GHZ; SNR AB We have constructed CCD mosaic images of the old Galactic supernova remnant 3C 400.2 in tines of Halpha + [N II], [S II], and [O III], plus a continuum band. These are the first CCD images covering the full extent of this remnant, and they reveal significantly more nebulosity than the deepest photographic plates. Comparison with radio and X-ray images indicates dramatically different morphology in the three regimes. The optical images both in Halpha + [N II] and in [S II] show an almost complete, irregular shell of emission, with a diameter of about 16', little over half that of the radio shell, while the X-ray structure is a centrally peaked ellipsoid. Underestimates of the true diameters of SNRs through optical measurements could be partially responsible for an excess of small-diameter remnants in extragalactic samples. Approximate values for optical line fluxes are obtained; we estimate L(Halpha) almost-equal-to 3 x 10(35) ergs s-1, roughly 3 times the X-ray luminosity. We also report a previously uncataloged planetary nebula southwest of 3C 400.2. The imaging data were obtained with a TI CCD on the 0.6 m Burrell Schmidt at KPNO. This combination provides a wide (19') field and excellent sensitivity to diffuse emission, while the small aperture ''suppresses'' stars in the crowded Galactic field. With larger chips and mosaic techniques, CCD imaging of virtually all Galactic supernova remnants will become practicable for the first time. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. AURA INC,KITT PEAK NATL OBSERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CERRO TOLOLO INTERAMER OBSERV,LA SERENA,CHILE. RP WINKLER, PF (reprint author), MIDDLEBURY COLL,DEPT PHYS,MIDDLEBURY,VT 05753, USA. NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 405 IS 2 BP 608 EP & DI 10.1086/172392 PN 1 PG 0 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KP612 UT WOS:A1993KP61200021 ER PT J AU LI, HW MCCRAY, R AF LI, HW MCCRAY, R TI THE CA-II EMISSION-LINES OF SN-1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE FORMATION; SUPERNOVAE, INDIVIDUAL (SN-1987A); STARS, INDIVIDUAL (SN-1987A) ID SUPERNOVA 1987A; SN 1987A; ENVELOPES; NICKEL; LIGHT AB We study the evolution of the [Ca II] lambdalambda7300 and Ca II lambdalambda8600 emission lines in the spectrum SN 1987A. We can explain the observations with a model in which (1) the lines come from approximately 1.7 x 10(-4) M. of calcium distributed with filling factor f(Ca) approximately 0.1 in a sphere expanding with velocity 2500 km s-1; (2) the electron number density is given by N(e) approximately 4 x 10(9) cm-3 (t/100 d)-3; (3) the gas temperature decreases from T almost-equal-to 6400 K at 200 days to T almost-equal-to 3900 K at 500 days and (4) ultraviolet pumping in the Ca II lambdalambda3934, 3969 (K, H) lines is required to explain the line ratios for t greater than or similar to 350 days. The mass of calcium in our model is consistent with the LMC abundance of calcium in approximately 5 M. of hydrogen in the inner envelope of SN 1987A. If more calcium is produced by supernova nucleosynthesis, it must be in dense clumps that are too cool (T less than or similar to 3000 K at 200 days) to emit the [Ca II] lambdalambda7300 and Ca II lambdalambda8600 lines. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LI, HW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 405 IS 2 BP 730 EP 737 DI 10.1086/172401 PN 1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KP612 UT WOS:A1993KP61200030 ER PT J AU LUCY, LB ABBOTT, DC AF LUCY, LB ABBOTT, DC TI MULTILINE TRANSFER AND THE DYNAMICS OF WOLF-RAYET WINDS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE LINE, FORMATION; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; STARS, MASS LOSS; STARS, WOLF-RAYET ID RADIATION-DRIVEN WINDS; STELLAR WINDS; MASSIVE STARS; EXPANDING ATMOSPHERES; EMISSION-LINES; HOT STARS; MODEL; HD-50896 AB A Monte Carlo technique for treating multiline transfer in stellar winds is extended to permit the modeling of the dense and highly stratified winds of Wolf-Rayet stars. Radiatively driven solutions are reported for parameters representing a typical WN5 star, and these have mass-loss rates that exceed the single-scattering limit by factors congruent-to 10. The basic physical effect allowing such high mass-loss rates is the highly effective photon trapping brought about by the strong stratification of ionization, which, in the form of the inverse correlation between line width and ionization potential, is an observed phenomenon for both the WN and WC sequences. As a result of photon trapping, approximately 5% of the photon luminosity in the WN5 models is converted into corpuscular luminosity. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP LUCY, LB (reprint author), SPACE TELESCOPE EUROPEAN COORDINATING FACIL,KARL SCHWARZSCHILD STR 2,W-8046 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 40 TC 132 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 405 IS 2 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.1086/172402 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KP612 UT WOS:A1993KP61200031 ER PT J AU GUDEL, M BENZ, AO AF GUDEL, M BENZ, AO TI X-RAY MICROWAVE RELATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVE STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STARS, CORONAE; STARS, LATE-TYPE; RADIO CONTINUUM, STARS; X-RAYS, STARS ID YZ-CANIS-MINORIS; RS-CANUM-VENATICORUM; RADIO-EMISSION; FLARE STARS; UV-CETI; EXOSAT OBSERVATIONS; CHROMOSPHERE STARS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; ALGOL SYSTEMS; VLA SURVEY AB Coronal active stars of seven classes between spectral types F and M, single and double, are compared in their quiescent radio and X-ray luminosities L(R) and L(X). We find, largely independent of stellar class, log L(X) less than or similar to log L(R) + 15.5. This general relation points to an intimate connection between the nonthermal, energetic electrons causing the radio emission and the bulk plasma of the corona responsible for thermal X-rays. The relation, observed over six orders of magnitude, suggests that the heating mechanism necessarily involves particle acceleration. We derive requirements for simple models based on optically thin gyrosynchrotron emission of mildly relativistic electrons and thermal X-rays from the bulk plasma. We discuss the possibility that a portion of the accelerated particles heats the ambient plasma by collisions. More likely, plasma heating and article acceleration ma occur in parallel and in the same process, but at a fixed ratio. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. SWISS FED INST TECHNOL,INST ASTRON,CH-8092 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RP GUDEL, M (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Guedel, Manuel/C-8486-2015 OI Guedel, Manuel/0000-0001-9818-0588 NR 42 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 405 IS 2 BP L63 EP L66 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KP613 UT WOS:A1993KP61300006 ER PT J AU SNAY, RA HOLDAHL, SR AF SNAY, RA HOLDAHL, SR TI INTRODUCTION TO MODELING CRUSTAL DEFORMATION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article C1 NOAA,NATL OCEAN SERV,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. RP SNAY, RA (reprint author), NOAA,NATL GEODET SURVEY,N-CG18,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B3 BP 4541 EP 4542 DI 10.1029/92JB02293 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KQ873 UT WOS:A1993KQ87300034 ER PT J AU PETER, G KLOPPING, FJ SASAGAWA, GS FALLER, JE NIEBAUER, TM AF PETER, G KLOPPING, FJ SASAGAWA, GS FALLER, JE NIEBAUER, TM TI SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM STABILITY OF THE JILAG-4 ABSOLUTE GRAVIMETER SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY OBSERVATIONS AB Variations of absolute gravity measured with the JILAG-4 absolute gravimeter at intervals ranging from 2 hours to 5 years are reviewed to ascertain short- and long-term instrument stability. We find that the standard deviation of the twenty-four 2-hourly drop set means taken during a given station occupation is 1-2 muGal when natural or man-induced microseismic conditions are low and 3-5 muGal when the microseismic activity is high. The standard deviations of the station gravity values obtained by repeated occupations weeks or years apart are within these same ranges, with lower standard deviations found again at bedrock sites where the microseismic noise is low. Based on the repeatability of observations since the beginning of the measurement program in 1987, there is no indication for drift, gradual deterioration, or aging of the instrument. However, because of the degraded performance of the lasers used since 1990, the standard deviation of repeated station occupations increased from 2.27 to 2.87 muGal, and data had to be rejected at several sites. Individual station gravity values in excess of +/-3 muGal from the station mean are found mostly at those sites where density variations between reoccupations are expected on the basis of geological conditions, usually due to groundwater table fluctuations and/or soil moisture changes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. AXIS INSTRUMENTS,BOULDER,CO 80301. RP PETER, G (reprint author), NOAA,NOES 13,OFF OCEAN & EARTH SCI,11400 ROCKVILLE PIKE,ROOM 426G,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 98 IS B3 BP 4619 EP 4626 DI 10.1029/92JB02529 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KQ873 UT WOS:A1993KQ87300040 ER PT J AU HANCOCK, DK COXON, B WANG, SY WHITE, E REEDER, DJ BELLAMA, JM AF HANCOCK, DK COXON, B WANG, SY WHITE, E REEDER, DJ BELLAMA, JM TI L-THREO-BETA-HYDROXYHISTIDINE, AN UNPRECEDENTED IRON(III) ION-BINDING AMINO-ACID IN A PYOVERDINE-TYPE SIDEROPHORE FROM PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS-244 SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH PROMOTING PSEUDOMONAS; FLUORESCENS AB Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometric analysis of a unique pyoverdine-type siderophore isolated from the culture filtrate of Pseudomonas fluorescens 244 reveals a new natural amino acid, L-threo-beta-hydroxyhistidine, that functions as an iron(III) bidentate ligand. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP HANCOCK, DK (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0022-4936 J9 J CHEM SOC CHEM COMM JI J. Chem. Soc.-Chem. Commun. PD MAR 7 PY 1993 IS 5 BP 468 EP 470 DI 10.1039/c39930000468 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KT299 UT WOS:A1993KT29900022 ER PT J AU MINNIS, P HARRISON, EF STOWE, LL GIBSON, GG DENN, FM DOELLING, DR SMITH, WL AF MINNIS, P HARRISON, EF STOWE, LL GIBSON, GG DENN, FM DOELLING, DR SMITH, WL TI RADIATIVE CLIMATE FORCING BY THE MOUNT-PINATUBO ERUPTION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EL-CHICHON; BUDGET EXPERIMENT; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; ATMOSPHERE; CLOUD AB Radiative flux anomalies derived from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spaceborne Earth Radiation Budget Experiment were used to determine the volcanic radiative forcing that followed the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in June 1991. They are the first unambiguous, direct measurements of large-scale volcanic forcing. The volcanic aerosols caused a strong cooling effect immediately; the amount of cooling increased through September 1991 as shortwave forcing increased relative to the longwave forcing. The primary effects of the aerosols were a direct increase in albedo over mostly clear areas and both direct and indirect increases in the albedo of cloudy areas. C1 NOAA,NATL ENVIRONM SATELLITE DATA & INFORMAT SERV,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20233. LOCKHEED ENGN & SCI CO,HAMPTON,VA 23666. RP MINNIS, P (reprint author), NASA,LANGLEY RES CTR,DIV ATMOSPHERE SCI,HAMPTON,VA 23681, USA. RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 43 TC 208 Z9 213 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 5 PY 1993 VL 259 IS 5100 BP 1411 EP 1415 DI 10.1126/science.259.5100.1411 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KP978 UT WOS:A1993KP97800024 PM 17801273 ER PT J AU PARRISH, DD HOLLOWAY, JS TRAINER, M MURPHY, PC FORBES, GL FEHSENFELD, FC AF PARRISH, DD HOLLOWAY, JS TRAINER, M MURPHY, PC FORBES, GL FEHSENFELD, FC TI EXPORT OF NORTH-AMERICAN OZONE POLLUTION TO THE NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; BUDGET AB Measurement of the levels of ozone and carbon monoxide (a tracer of anthropogenic pollution) at three surface sites on the Atlantic coast of Canada allow the estimation of the amount of ozone photochemically produced from anthropogenic precursors over North America and transported to the lower troposphere over the temperate North Atlantic Ocean. This amount is greater than that injected from the stratosphere, the primary natural source of ozone. This conclusion supports the contention that ozone derived from anthropogenic pollution has a hemisphere-wide effect at northern temperate latitudes. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80303. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV SABLE ISL,BEDFORD B4A 1E5,NS,CANADA. RP PARRISH, DD (reprint author), NOAA,AERON LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; NR 24 TC 213 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 5 PY 1993 VL 259 IS 5100 BP 1436 EP 1439 DI 10.1126/science.259.5100.1436 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KP978 UT WOS:A1993KP97800031 PM 17801277 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, TP MILLER, PJ PIERMARINI, GJ BLOCK, S AF RUSSELL, TP MILLER, PJ PIERMARINI, GJ BLOCK, S TI PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PHASE-DIAGRAM OF HEXANITROHEXAAZAISOWURTZITANE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION KINETICS; CHEMICAL-REACTIVITY; CELL AB The five known polymorphs of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (chemical name: 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.0(5,9).0(3,11)]dodecane), alpha,beta, gamma, epsilon, and zeta, were studied by optical polarizing light microscopy (OPLM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a function of temperature and pressure. A high-temperature/high-pressure diamond anvil cell specially designed for these studies was employed. Four reversible and five unidirectional phase transformations were observed and identified by FTIR spectra. Phase boundaries were studied as a function of pressure and temperature permitting a delineation of the various polymorph stability fields. A pressure/temperature reaction/phase diagram for the gamma polymorph to 14.0 GPa and temperatures between -125 and 340-degrees-C (or to thermal decomposition temperatures), is presented. FTIR spectra for all five polymorphs were obtained as a function of temperature and pressure. An a phase with trapped CO2/CO was observed by FTIR. The thermal decomposition temperature/pressure parameters were also determined. C1 NBS,MAT SCI & ENGN LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUSSELL, TP (reprint author), USN,CTR SURFACE WARFARE,SILVER SPRING,MD 20901, USA. NR 15 TC 70 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD MAR 4 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 9 BP 1993 EP 1997 DI 10.1021/j100111a043 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KQ339 UT WOS:A1993KQ33900043 ER PT J AU BOISVERT, RF SAUNDERS, BV AF BOISVERT, RF SAUNDERS, BV TI ALGORITHM-713 PORTABLE VECTORIZED SOFTWARE FOR BESSEL-FUNCTION EVALUATION (VOL 18, PG 456, 1992) SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Correction, Addition DE ALGORITHMS; BESSEL FUNCTION; HYPERBOLIC BESSEL FUNCTION; MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE; MODIFIED BESSEL FUNCTION; ORDER ZERO AND ONE; PORTABLE SOFTWARE; SPECIAL FUNCTION; VECTORIZED SOFTWARE AB A suite of computer programs for the evaluation of Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions of orders zero and one for a vector of real arguments is described. Distinguishing characteristics of these programs are that (a) they are portable across a wide range of machines, and (b) they are vectorized in the case when multiple function evaluations are to be performed. The performance of the new programs are compared with software from the FNLIB collection of Fullerton on which the new software is based. RP BOISVERT, RF (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,COMP & APPL MATH LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0098-3500 J9 ACM T MATH SOFTWARE JI ACM Trans. Math. Softw. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA LR434 UT WOS:A1993LR43400009 ER PT J AU JACH, T BEDZYK, MJ AF JACH, T BEDZYK, MJ TI X-RAY STANDING WAVES AT GRAZING ANGLES SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Article ID BRAGG-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE; CRYSTAL AB X-ray diffraction from crystal surfaces at grazing angles gives rise to X-ray standing waves above and below the surface. Expressions are derived for the fluorescence observed from atoms located on or in a crystal as a result of excitation by the grazing-angle X-ray standing waves. In addition to the dependence of the fluorescence on the position of the atom with regard to the crystal plane that is responsible for the diffraction, the standing-wave amplitude also depends on the distance from the surface. We present standing-wave measurements from I on Ge(111) and the Ge atoms themselves which illustrate these effects. C1 CORNELL UNIV,WILSON LAB,CORNELL HIGH ENERGY SYNCHROTRON SOURCE,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP JACH, T (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV SURFACE & MICROANAL SCI,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0108-7673 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 49 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1107/S0108767392010687 PN 2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA KR354 UT WOS:A1993KR35400015 ER PT J AU ADRIAENS, AG KELLY, WR ADAMS, FC AF ADRIAENS, AG KELLY, WR ADAMS, FC TI PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTIES IN ISOTOPE-DILUTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY USING PULSE COUNTING DETECTION SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID SYSTEMS C1 UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP,DEPT CHEM,UNIV PLEIN 1,B-2610 WILRIJK,BELGIUM. US DEPT COMMERCE,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RI Adriaens, Annemie/F-2520-2013 OI Adriaens, Annemie/0000-0003-4034-1881 NR 12 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 5 BP 660 EP 663 DI 10.1021/ac00053a031 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA KN683 UT WOS:A1993KN68300032 ER PT J AU BENGTSON, JL CROLL, DA GOEBEL, ME AF BENGTSON, JL CROLL, DA GOEBEL, ME TI DIVING BEHAVIOR OF CHINSTRAP PENGUINS AT SEAL-ISLAND SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CHINSTRAP PENGUIN; DIVING; FORAGING; SEABIRD; KRILL; ANTARCTICA; SOUTH-SHETLAND-ISLANDS AB Diving behaviour of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) was studied in four adults brooding chicks on Seal Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. During foraging trips to sea, chinstrap penguins made shallow, short duration dives almost continuously, for the most part within 50 m of the surface. Diving effort was concentrated during the daylight hours (10h00-15h00), although a second peak in effort was seen around midnight (22h00-02h00). These peaks were possibly due to the constraints of visual location of prey, chick provisioning, or the need to take advantage of diurnal changes in krill swarm densities or behaviour. It was estimated that most effort was concentrated 3-20 km from shore. Dive depth and duration averaged 31.0 m (+/- 26.3 m) and 72 s (+/- 36 s), respectively. Maximum dive depth and duration were 121 m and 180 s, respectively. RP BENGTSON, JL (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. NR 0 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 5 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KQ245 UT WOS:A1993KQ24500003 ER PT J AU ALAUDDIN, M SQUIRES, D TISDELL, C AF ALAUDDIN, M SQUIRES, D TISDELL, C TI DIVERGENCE BETWEEN AVERAGE AND FRONTIER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES - AN EMPIRICAL-INVESTIGATION FOR BANGLADESH SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES; MODEL-SPECIFICATION; SUBSTITUTION; TESTS AB Applied economic analysis and policy formation often relies on estimated production technologies. Primal representations of production technologies can be specified as the average production function or as the stochastic frontier. This paper uses nested and non-nested specification tests and assessment of economic variables, including elasticities and marginal products, to evaluate systematic differences between the average production function and three different specifications of the stochastic frontier. Bangladesh serves as an illustrative example. The importance emerges of first beginning any analysis of production technologies with nested hypothesis testing of inefficiency and non-nested hypothesis testing for systematic but unknown differences between the average and stochastic frontier functions followed by nested testing of the final form of the production technology. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,LA JOLLA,CA 92038. RP ALAUDDIN, M (reprint author), UNIV QUEENSLAND,DEPT ECON,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. RI Tisdell, Clem/A-5715-2008 OI Tisdell, Clem/0000-0003-4370-4692 NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 379 EP 388 DI 10.1080/00036849300000045 PG 10 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA KP162 UT WOS:A1993KP16200012 ER PT J AU SCHAUER, DA SELTZER, SM LINKS, JM AF SCHAUER, DA SELTZER, SM LINKS, JM TI EXPOSURE-TO-ABSORBED-DOSE CONVERSION FOR HUMAN ADULT CORTICAL BONE SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article ID DOSIMETRY; MODELS AB The conversion of measured exposure to absorbed dose at a point in bone, under conditions of electron equilibrium, involves a factor (the f-factor) which is proportional to the ratio of the spectrum-averaged photon energy-absorption coefficient for bone to that for air. This paper gives mass energy-absorption coefficients and f-factors for three compositions of human adult compact or cortical bone recommended in publications by the ICRU and the ICRP, for photon energies from 1 keV to 1.5 MeV. Spectrum-averaged f-factors for a number of calibration x-ray beams ranging from 10 to 250 kVp have been calculated and compared to corresponding results obtained with the use of an equivalent photon energy derived from the measured thickness of the half-value layer. At low photon energies (less-than-or-similar-to 200 keV), the new f-factor results reflect: (a) the rather large differences due to the differing calcium contents among the recommended compositions for bone: and (b) the generally poor predictions obtained when replacing a broad energy spectrum by an equivalent photon energy. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,DIV NUCL MED & RADIAT HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DIV RADIAT HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP SCHAUER, DA (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV IONIZING RADIAT,BLDG 245,RM C229,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 44 IS 3 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1016/0969-8043(93)90158-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA KQ756 UT WOS:A1993KQ75600003 PM 8472022 ER PT J AU LAMAZE, GP DOWNING, RG PILIONE, L BADZIAN, A BADZIAN, T AF LAMAZE, GP DOWNING, RG PILIONE, L BADZIAN, A BADZIAN, T TI ANALYSIS OF BORON IN CVD DIAMOND SURFACES USING NEUTRON DEPTH PROFILING SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON SOLID FILMS AND SURFACES CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 1992 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP FRENCH MINIST RES & SPACE, CHAMBRE COMMERCE & IND PARIS, UNIV PIERRE & MARIE CURIE, CEA, CNRS, CTR NATL ETUDES TELECOMMUN, MARNE VALLEE VILLE NOUVELLE, THOMSON CSF, ST GOBAIN, APPLE AB Neutron depth profiling (NDP) is a method of near surface analysis for isotopes that undergo neutron-induced positive Q-value charged particle reactions, e.g., (n,alpha), (n,p). Because of its large cross section and large Q-value, the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction has been widely employed for NDP studies. We have used the NDP technique to study the concentration and distribution of boron in CVD diamond layers. The measurements were made using the new Cold Neutron Depth Profiling instrument at the NIST Cold Neutron Research Facility. The diamond samples were prepared at the Materials Research Laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University. The doped diamond single crystal films were grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition from a mixture of methane, hydrogen and diborane. Natural type IIa crystals cut along the (001) plane were used as substrates. Results of the measurements are presented. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MAT RES LAB,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP LAMAZE, GP (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,NUCL METHODS GRP,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 65-6 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1016/0169-4332(93)90723-O PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA KW458 UT WOS:A1993KW45800099 ER PT J AU VANDERPLOEG, HA LIEBIG, JR OMAIR, M AF VANDERPLOEG, HA LIEBIG, JR OMAIR, M TI BYTHOTREPHES PREDATION ON GREAT-LAKES ZOOPLANKTON MEASURED BY AN INSITU METHOD - IMPLICATIONS FOR ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE SO ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR AB A modified in situ method was used to estimate selective predation impacts of Bythotrephes. In Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) Bythotrephes showed the following prey preference ranking (with clearance rates in liter.d-1 indicated in parentheses): Ceriodaphnia (1.7) almost-equal-to Eubosmina (1.6) > Bosmina (1.4) almost-equal-to Daphnia retrocurva (1.2) > Chydorous (0.8) almost-equal-to Asplanchna (0.7) > copepod nauplii (0.17) > Cyclops C1-C5 (0.09). In offshore Lake Huron, where copepod nauplii were the only zooplankton, Bythotrephes cleared them at a relatively high rate (0.55 liter.d-1). These results were used to determine if Bythotrephes was responsible for recent changes in the cladoceran assemblage in Lake Michigan. Based on maximum abundance estimates, Bythotrephes induced a maximum mortality of 0.05 d-1. This modest predation rate and the high selectivities for most cladocerans suggest little impact; however, this estimate ignores possible spatial coupling between Bythotrephes and its prey. RP VANDERPLOEG, HA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48104, USA. NR 13 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 10 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-9136 J9 ARCH HYDROBIOL JI Arch. Hydrobiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 127 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KZ938 UT WOS:A1993KZ93800001 ER PT J AU BRANDT, JC HEAP, SR BEAVER, EA BOGGESS, A CARPENTER, KG EBBETS, DC HUTCHINGS, JB JURA, M LECKRONE, DS LINSKY, JL MARAN, SP SAVAGE, BD SMITH, AM TRAFTON, LM WALTER, FM WEYMANN, RJ SNOW, M RANDALL, CE LINDLER, DJ SHORE, SN MORRIS, SL GILLILAND, RL LU, L ROBINSON, RD AF BRANDT, JC HEAP, SR BEAVER, EA BOGGESS, A CARPENTER, KG EBBETS, DC HUTCHINGS, JB JURA, M LECKRONE, DS LINSKY, JL MARAN, SP SAVAGE, BD SMITH, AM TRAFTON, LM WALTER, FM WEYMANN, RJ SNOW, M RANDALL, CE LINDLER, DJ SHORE, SN MORRIS, SL GILLILAND, RL LU, L ROBINSON, RD TI OBSERVATIONS OF 3C-273 WITH THE GODDARD HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROGRAPH ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HALO AB The observations of the quasar 3C 273 taken with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph in 1991 February are presented here. We have included both the reduced raw data, and smoothed and deconvolved spectra. Also, a list of observed absorption lines is presented. The data comprise 11 spectra, including 1 low resolution observation and 10 medium resolution observations. The wavelength region covered ranged from about 1150 to 2820 angstrom, but was not all inclusive. The procedures used to obtain and reduce the data, including corrections for fixed pattern noise, compensation for the effects of spherical aberration in the HST primary mirror, and objective detection of weak absorption lines, are described. We also have included a short discussion on the detection of galactic Ni II and Virgo cluster metal lines. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,CTR ASTROPHYS & SPACE SCI,C-011,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,CODE 440,GREENBELT,MD 20771. BALL AEROSP SYST GRP,BOULDER,CO 80306. DOMINION ASTROPHYS OBSERV,VICTORIA V8X 4M6,BC,CANADA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ASTRON,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV QUANTUM PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO & NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ASTRON & SOLAR PHYS LAB,CODE 680,GREENBELT,MD 20771. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AUGEN,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV TEXAS,MCDONALD OBSERV,AUSTIN,TX 78712. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT ASTRON,AUSTIN,TX 78712. SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. CARNEGIE INST WASHINGTON,OBSERV,PASADENA,CA 91101. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,COMP SCI CORP,CODE 681,GREENBELT,MD 20771. SPACE TELESCOPE SCI INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ASTRON,MADISON,WI 53706. RP BRANDT, JC (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,ATMOSPHER & SPACE PHYS LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI Morris, Simon/G-7981-2011; heap, sara/E-2237-2012; Carpenter, Kenneth/D-4740-2012; OI Morris, Simon/0000-0003-4866-110X; SNOW, MARTIN/0000-0001-9106-1332; RANDALL, CORA/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3 BP 831 EP 846 DI 10.1086/116475 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA KQ553 UT WOS:A1993KQ55300006 ER PT J AU MATT, DR MEYERS, TP AF MATT, DR MEYERS, TP TI ON THE USE OF THE INFERENTIAL TECHNIQUE TO ESTIMATE DRY DEPOSITION OF SO2 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT PART A-GENERAL TOPICS LA English DT Article DE DRY DEPOSITION; INFERENTIAL METHOD; SULFUR DIOXIDE ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; VELOCITIES; ROUTINE; FLUXES AB Inferred dry deposition rates of SO2 determined using concentrations from a continuously operated chemical monitor are compared to results obtained from weekly averages, a protocol that is currently employed in many dry deposition networks. Results from two years of data were compared to evaluate any seasonal differences in the uncertainty using a weekly sampling protocol. In general, a weekly sampling protocol was found to underestimate the flux by 40% during the growing season when the diurnal cycle of estimated deposition velocity was found to correlate with measured hourly concentrations. For leafless forest conditions, no consistent correlation was found. This results in a 20% underestimate of the flux on an annual basis. RP MATT, DR (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,AIR RESOURCES LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER TURBULENCE & DIFFUS,POB 2456,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0004-6981 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON A-GEN PD MAR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 4 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90207-F PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KU201 UT WOS:A1993KU20100004 ER PT J AU POTTHOFF, T TELLOCK, JA AF POTTHOFF, T TELLOCK, JA TI OSTEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SNOOK, CENTROPOMUS-UNDECIMALIS (TELEOSTEI, CENTROPOMIDAE) SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; FIN-SUPPORTS; FEEDING FUNCTIONS; FISHES; PISCES; IDENTIFICATION; POMACENTRIDAE; DAMSELFISH; HAEMULIDAE; FLORIDA AB Cartilage and bone development for the snook (Centropomus undecimalis) is described for the vertebral column, ribs, all fins and their supporting structures, hyoid arch, branchial skeleton, oromandibular area, and opercular series based on a size series of 116 laboratory-reared specimens. In addition, 70 larvae were measured live and remeasured after preservation in ethanol; no significant shrinkage occurred. Open cartilaginous neural and haemal arches develop along the straight notochord initially in three places: anterodorsad, ventrad at the center, and posteroventrad. The neural and haemal arches close and develop cartilaginous neural and haemal spines. Notochord flexion is between 3.9 and 4.3 mm NL, 10-18 days after hatching. Ossification of the vertebral column is from anterior to posterior, except that hypural complex ossifies anteriorly and posteriorly. Eight pairs of pleural and epipleural ribs develop. Epipleurals are of dermal origin, but pleurals are partially of dermal and cartilage origin. The parhypural and two hypurals first appear in cartilage below the unflexed notochord. Caudal fin rays develop from hypurals 2 and 3 outward, and at completion of flexion all principal rays are present. The caudal fin is first to begin developing rays followed by soft dorsal, anal, spinous dorsal, pectoral and pelvic fins. Completion of fins is in a different order. The hypural complex is of the basic perciform type, without fusion of parts and with the primitive number of five radial cartilages. Development and structure of the pectoral girdle is typical for percoids. A symphyseal cartilage is present between the ventral approximation of the cleithra. In some specimens, a coracoid foramen is present before ossification. The pelvic basipterygium has a cartilaginous distal radial. Three predorsal bones precede the dorsal pterygiophores. The first pterygiophore originates from one piece of cartilage, but supports two supernumerary spines. The first anal pterygiophore originates from two cartilages and supports two supernumerary spines and a serially associated anal ray, which develops first as a soft ray but later turns into a spinous ray. The last dorsal and anal pterygiophores have posteriorly bifurcated stays. Stays develop separate from the proximal cartilages but fuse to the proximal radial before ossification. The hyoid arch develops from three pieces of cartilage. Seven branchiostegals are supported by the anterior and posterior ceratohyal. The dorsal hypohyal has a foramen, and a beryciform foramen is present on the anterior ceratohyal. Basibranchials 1-3 develop from one piece of cartilage and basibranchial 4 remains cartilaginous, as does the interarcual cartilage. Infrapharyngobranchial 4 develops from a tiny piece of cartilage which rapidly acquires teeth. The lower jaw develops from one piece of cartilage, whereas bones in the upper jaw are of dermal origin. Palatine, metapterygoid, endopterygoid, and quadrate originate from one piece of cartilage. Ectopterygoid is probably of dermal origin. Hymandibula and symplectic bones develop from one cartilage. The opercular series is of dermal origin. Preopercular spines increase in number during ontogeny. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP POTTHOFF, T (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NARRAGANSETT LAB,NE FISHERIES CTR,28 TARZWELL DR,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882, USA. NR 67 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 52 IS 2 BP 669 EP 716 PG 48 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LD105 UT WOS:A1993LD10500003 ER PT J AU MCGARVEY, R SERCHUK, FM MCLAREN, IA AF MCGARVEY, R SERCHUK, FM MCLAREN, IA TI SPATIAL AND PARENT-AGE ANALYSIS OF STOCK RECRUITMENT IN THE GEORGES BANK SEA SCALLOP (PLACOPECTEN-MAGELLANICUS) POPULATION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL MORTALITY-RATE; GIANT SCALLOP; ECOLOGICAL ENERGETICS; FOOD AVAILABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; GULF; GMELIN; CYCLE; ERRORS AB Reproductive interaction between and within subpopulations on Georges Bank was investigated employing annual sampling surveys of sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) abundance available from 1977 to 1988. Time series of recruitment and, together with size-specific fecundity, total yearly egg production were constructed for Georges Bank and all subregions to generate a spatial stock-recruitment analysis. Recruitment is correlated with egg production within the population on the Northern Edge and Northeast Peak which may imply that it is reproductively self-sustaining. Stock-recruitment correlations increased when the eggs of scallops age 3 and 4 were excluded from the stock measure of total egg production. This increase in correlation occurred in every subregion where there was evidence of a positive relationship between eggs and recruits, most strongly for the Northern Edge and Northeast Peak. This is consistent with the hypothesis that older scallops (ages 5 +) are the principle contributors to recruitment. Presently, the fishery begins removing large numbers at age 3.25. Previous yield per recruit analyses have predicted higher yields if age of first capture were raised. These correlations may suggest that the same policy could also result in higher recruitment. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,HALIFAX B3H 4J1,NS,CANADA. NE FISHERIES CTR,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 50 IS 3 BP 564 EP 574 DI 10.1139/f93-065 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LK198 UT WOS:A1993LK19800013 ER PT J AU HIRUKI, LM GILMARTIN, WG BECKER, BL STIRLING, I AF HIRUKI, LM GILMARTIN, WG BECKER, BL STIRLING, I TI WOUNDING IN HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS (MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; SHARK PREDATION; MATING-BEHAVIOR; TAIL AUTOTOMY; ENCOUNTERS; FREQUENCY; SUCCESS AB Injuries observed on endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) at Laysan Island and French Frigate Shoals in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands in 1988 and 1989 were classified into six major types, based on the source of the wounds: mating attempts by adult male monk seals; nonmating aggressive interactions with other seals; attacks by large sharks; attacks by cookiecutter sharks (Isistius brasiliensis); contact with coral reef or debris; and entanglement in netting or marine debris. At both locations, injuries inflicted by adult male seals during mobbing incidents, in which many males attempt to mate with one seal, were seen more frequently than other types of injuries in 1988 and 1989. Injury data from 1982 - 1987 at Laysan Island and from 1985 - 1989 at French Frigate Shoals were used to compare the distribution of mating injuries inflicted by adult males and injuries inflicted by large sharks over size and sex classes of seals. Mating injuries caused by adult male seals were seen primarily on adult females but were also seen on seals in other size classes. Mating injuries inflicted by adult males occurred earlier in the year and with greater frequency at Laysan Island than at French Frigate Shoals. Injuries inflicted by large sharks were observed more often on adult male seals than on seals in other size classes at Laysan Island; however, no such difference was seen among size classes at French Frigate Shoals. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT ZOOL,EDMONTON T6G 2E9,ALBERTA,CANADA. CANADIAN WILDLIFE SERV,EDMONTON T6H 3S5,AB,CANADA. RP HIRUKI, LM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 61 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 3 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1139/z93-066 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KX258 UT WOS:A1993KX25800003 ER PT J AU HIRUKI, LM STIRLING, I GILMARTIN, WG JOHANOS, TC BECKER, BL AF HIRUKI, LM STIRLING, I GILMARTIN, WG JOHANOS, TC BECKER, BL TI SIGNIFICANCE OF WOUNDING TO FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS (MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI) AT LAYSAN ISLAND SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GREY SEAL; MASS-LOSS; ENERGETICS; HARP; PUPS; LACTATION; DYNAMICS AB We studied reproductive rate, length of lactation period, pup survival, and mortality of injured and uninjured female Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) on Laysan Island, northwestern Hawaiian Islands, in 1983-1989. The severity and timing of nonfatal injuries were influential in determining their effect on female reproductive success. There was a tendency towards a shorter mean lactation period and lower survival rate of pups for females with major injuries than for uninjured females. Females with minor injuries were similar to uninjured females in terms of reproductive rate, length of lactation, and pup survival. For females injured shortly before the birth of their pup or during lactation, pup survival was lower than for uninjured females, whereas for females injured during the year prior to pupping, measures of reproductive success were not significantly different from those for uninjured females. Immature (aged 4-8 years) females entering the reproductive population were injured by adult male seals significantly more often than females aged 0-3 years, but at a similar rate to adult females. The major effect of injuries on female reproductive success is an increase in female mortality: 87.5% of the adult females (n = 16) that died on Laysan Island in 1983-1989 sustained injuries from adult male seals. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT ZOOL,EDMONTON T6G 2E9,ALBERTA,CANADA. RP HIRUKI, LM (reprint author), NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES SCI CTR,HONOLULU LAB,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 71 IS 3 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1139/z93-067 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA KX258 UT WOS:A1993KX25800004 ER PT J AU LOCASCIOBROWN, L PLANT, AL CHESLER, R KROLL, M RUDDEL, M DURST, RA AF LOCASCIOBROWN, L PLANT, AL CHESLER, R KROLL, M RUDDEL, M DURST, RA TI LIPOSOME-BASED FLOW-INJECTION IMMUNOASSAY FOR DETERMINING THEOPHYLLINE IN SERUM SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOREACTOR; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY COMPARED ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; PLASMA AB We developed a method for quantitatively determining theophylline in serum, using a heterogeneous immunoassay called flow-injection immunoanalysis. The reaction involves competition between serum theophylline and theophylline-labeled liposomes. Separation occurs on a solid-phase reactor column containing immobilized antibody to theophylline incorporated in a flow-injection system. Subsequent lysis of the bound liposomes provides sensitive detection of the analyte. Effective regeneration of the immobilized antibody activity allows the reactor to be reused for hundreds of sequential samples. Comparison of the results of the flow-injection immunoassay method with results obtained with a commercially available fluorescence polarization method showed an excellent correlation. C1 NIH,CTR CLIN,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,ANALYT LABS,GENEVA,NY 14456. RP LOCASCIOBROWN, L (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 39 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA KR845 UT WOS:A1993KR84500004 PM 8448847 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, ND EICHMILLER, F DICKENS, SV SIMONI, FV AF RICHARDS, ND EICHMILLER, F DICKENS, SV SIMONI, FV TI THE EFFECT OF 2 INITIATOR STABILIZER CONCENTRATIONS IN A METAL PRIMER ON BOND STRENGTHS OF A COMPOSITE TO A BASE-METAL ALLOY SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ADHESIVE; RESIN; RETAINERS; DENTIN AB This study examined the effect of three additives, amine, peroxide and stabilizer, in two concentrations in a metal primer on the adhesion between a cast metal alloy and a resin composite using a 23 factorial statistical design. The additives, benzoylperoxide (BPO) used at 1% or 2% w/w and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) at 0.5% or 1.8% w/w, are polymerization initiators. The third additive, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at 0.01 % or 0.03% w/w, is used as a stabilizer. BPO and BHT were dissolved in an acetone solution containing 20% of the adhesive resin pyromellitic glyceroldimethacrylate (PMGDM). DMPT was in a separate acetone solution. Equal portions of each solution were mixed and applied to a sandpaper-abraded, air-blasted nickel-chrome alloy. Bonding resin and composite were applied over the primer and stored overnight in water. Bond strengths were determined by shearing the composite from the metal at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Increasing the concentration of BPO caused a statistically significant increase in bond strength. A 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05 showed that, of the interactions, only the one between DMPT and BPO was significant, with lower concentrations of DMPT being less sensitive to changes in BPO concentration. RP RICHARDS, ND (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE05129] NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD DENTAL MATERIALS PI DALLAS PA BAYLOR COLLEGE DENTISTRY, 3302 GASTON AVE, DALLAS, TX 75266-0677 SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1016/0109-5641(93)90081-Z PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA ME076 UT WOS:A1993ME07600004 PM 8595848 ER PT J AU TIVEY, MA RONA, PA SCHOUTEN, H AF TIVEY, MA RONA, PA SCHOUTEN, H TI REDUCED CRUSTAL MAGNETIZATION BENEATH THE ACTIVE SULFIDE MOUND, TAG HYDROTHERMAL FIELD, MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE AT 26-DEGREES-N SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE SULFIDES; LAT 37DEGREESN; OMAN OPHIOLITE; RIFT-VALLEY; ANOMALIES; TECTONICS; LATITUDE; SNAKEPIT; DEPOSITS; BASALTS AB A detailed near-bottom magnetic field survey was carried out by the submersible Alvin over the actively venting mound located within the TAG (Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26-degrees 08'N, 44-degrees 49'W. Three-dimensional analysis of these data clearly shows a distinct zone of reduced magnetization directly beneath the active mound. This magnetization low is consistent with the highly altered upflow zone of a hydrothermal vent system that feeds the actively venting mound structure. In contrast, the sea surface magnetic anomaly is associated with a broad 2 x 8 km magnetization low elongated along the axis, that includes both the active and inactive mounds. The short-wavelength (250 m), near-bottom magnetic anomaly over the active mound is far too small to produce the long-wavelength (8 km) sea surface magnetic anomaly at TAG however, and even a collection of mounds with similar magnetic structure cannot produce the magnetic moment needed to generate the sea surface anomaly. Other hypotheses, including reversely magnetized crust and structurally thinned crust could account for the sea surface anomaly but are considered unlikely. The existence of vigorous hydrothermal activity at TAG and the lack of microseismic activity in the TAG area suggests that thermal demagnetization is the prime contributor to the sea surface anomaly. The thermal halo associated with a largely solid but still hot intrusion would provide sufficient demagnetization on a kilometer scale to produce the long-wavelength sea surface anomaly. Pervasive alteration at depth would also be an important factor in the destruction of crustal magnetization and is the only way that such a long-wavelength magnetic signal could be preserved in the crust. The overall model of crustal magnetization at a hydrothermal field with discrete zones of demagnetization in the upper crust and a broader zone of demagnetization at depth is consistent with studies of hydrothermal systems in ophiolite suites. These studies show narrow alteration pipes in the upper crust feeding the exhalative seafloor deposits and pervasive alteration at depth which commonly have associated late-stage intrusive bodies [1]. While detailed magnetic surveys may provide some clues to the location of oceanic hydrothermal upflow zones, only drilling will ultimately test these hypotheses. C1 NOAA,AOML,MIAMI,FL 33149. RP TIVEY, MA (reprint author), WOODS HOLE OCEANOG INST,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. RI Tivey, Maurice/E-9247-2015 OI Tivey, Maurice/0000-0003-0821-1155 NR 39 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 115 IS 1-4 BP 101 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90216-V PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA KW193 UT WOS:A1993KW19300009 ER PT J AU CASTRO, JI AF CASTRO, JI TI THE BIOLOGY OF THE FINETOOTH SHARK, CARCHARHINUS-ISODON SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE RANGE; NURSERIES; FERTILIZATION; MIGRATIONS; FEEDING; ELASMOBRANCHS AB The finetooth shark inhabits shallow coastal waters of the western Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil. It is common off the southeastern United States, where it spends the summer off Georgia and the Carolinas and winters off Florida. The species appears in the nursery and mating areas of South Carolina when the surface water temperature rises above 20-degrees-C in late April and early May. Both adults and juveniles are common in the shallow coastal waters of South Carolina through the summer, where they feed primarily on menhaden. The finetooth shark leaves the Carolinas in early fall and migrates southward as the surface water temperature decreases below 20-degrees-C. Females reach maturity at about 1350 mm TL. Males mature at about 1300 mm TL. The finetooth shark has consecutive, year-long ovarian and gestation cycles, like most carcharhinid sharks. Mating occurs from early May to early June. Freshly mated females bear a large spermozeugma at the base of each uterus. The spermozeugmata are large almond shaped masses of individual spermatozoa embedded in a supporting matrix. Embryos are lecithotrophic during their first fifteen weeks of development. Subsequently, the embryos establish a placental connection to the mother. Implantation occurs when the embryos measure about 130 mm or at about the fifteenth week of gestation. Gravid females carrying young 480-550 mm TL enter the shallow water nurseries off South Carolina in late May. Parturition occurs from late May to mid-June, after a gestation period of about twelve months, plus or minus two weeks. The young measure 480-580 mm TL at birth. Oocytes grow little during the gestation cycle. After parturition, a cohort of oocytes begins to develop, that will be ovulated the following May. Thus, the ovarian cycle lasts about a year, although most of the oocyte growth occurs in the months just prior to ovulation. RP CASTRO, JI (reprint author), NOAA,NMFS,SE FISHERIES CTR,75 VIRGINIA BEACH DR,MIAMI,FL 33149, USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 3 BP 219 EP 232 DI 10.1007/BF00001717 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KR417 UT WOS:A1993KR41700001 ER PT J AU MOLL, RA BRATKOVICH, A CHANG, WYB PU, PM AF MOLL, RA BRATKOVICH, A CHANG, WYB PU, PM TI PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EARLY STAGES OF THE LAKE-MICHIGAN VERNAL THERMAL FRONT SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID NEARSHORE; ONTARIO AB An investigation of the thermal front in southeastern Lake Michigan during April 1988 revealed a dynamic physical, chemical, and biological environment. The front was observed approximately 4 km from the coast as a distinct gradient separating cold open-lake waters from warmer nearshore waters. Surface isotherms near the front were generally parallel to one another but skewed with respect to shore. Comparison between April 22 and 29 showed that the surface isotherm pattern was modulated by wind stress. The pattern from April 29 showed signs of flow instabilities with horizontal scales of 1 km to 5 km. Surface drifter trajectories provided estimates of horizontal convergence at the front which varied from 7 x 10(-6) s-1 to 20 x 10(-6) s-1. Inferred rates of downwelling, which ranged from 9.5 m d-1 to 20.7 m d-1, were sufficient to move a water parcel from the surface to the bottom in 2 d to 6 d at the front. Convergent circulation was observed on both sampling dates despite contrasts in wind stress. Concentrations of chloride, soluble silica, and chlorophyll, which were always higher inshore, were 5% to 82% larger than offshore mean values. The aquatic environment just inshore of the thermal front was characterized by chlorophyll concentrations which exceeded 5.0 mug l-1 while concentrations offshore were between 1.0 mug l-1 and 2.0 mug l-1. A relatively uniform vertical structure in chlorophyll concentrations in the frontal zone was consistent with the observed convergence and inferred downwelling near the front. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,COOPERAT INST LIMNOL & ECOSYST RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NATL SCI FDN,DIV INT PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20550. UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR GREAT LAKES & AQUAT SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. ACAD SINICA NANJING,NANJING INST GEOG & LIMNOL,NANJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP MOLL, RA (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR GREAT LAKES & AQUAT SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD MAR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 92 EP 103 DI 10.2307/1352767 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA LJ175 UT WOS:A1993LJ17500008 ER PT J AU ANTHONY, VC AF ANTHONY, VC TI THE STATE OF GROUNDFISH RESOURCES OFF THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB From the early 1960s to 1977, fishing vessels from 13 nations fished heavily off the northeastern United States. Landings of principal groundfish species rose to 780,000 tonnes in 1965 and abundance declined rapidly. Most species of groundfish were being underfished by the United States. With the passage of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976, fishing by foreign nationals stopped and fishing effort by the United States increased. The number of days fished by otter trawlers steadily increased into the mid-1980s before tapering off. Fishing technology improved and the effective fishing effort continued to go up even though the number of days at sea did not. Landings rose with effort until 1983 and then fell dramatically. Groundfish abundance declined steadily after 1978 for the next decade. By 1990-1992, fishing mortality rates for the three major groundfish species (cod, haddock, yellowtail flounder) were twice as great as the management targets. Overall groundfish landings were one-third the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Landings for haddock and yellowtail flounder were one-tenth the MSY. If the abundance of groundfish were rebuilt to provide the MSY the catch could increase by two to three times with one-half of the present effort. RP ANTHONY, VC (reprint author), NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WATER ST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0012:TSOGRO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ433 UT WOS:A1993KQ43300004 ER PT J AU WESPESTAD, VG AF WESPESTAD, VG TI THE STATUS OF BERING SEA POLLOCK AND THE EFFECT OF THE DONUT HOLE FISHERY SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB A U.S. pollock fishery developed in the Bering Sea in the 1980s, which lead to a phase out of foreign fishing and processing. The displaced foreign fleet began fishing in the central Bering Sea in waters outside of the U.S. and Russian exclusive economic zones, and catches rapidly increased to exceed 1 million tonnes. These removals caused concern that coastal stocks would be adversely impacted. Research has shown that pollock harvested in the central Bering Sea move from the adjacent shelf populations, and the amount moving appears proportional to year-class size. The central Bering Sea fishery primarily harvested a strong 1978 year-class, and catches declined as the year-class aged. Currently, the fishery is closed through a multinational agreement. RP WESPESTAD, VG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,ALASKA FISHERIES SCI CTR,BIN C15700,BLDG 4,7600 SANDPOINT WAY NE,SEATTLE,WA 98036, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD MAR PY 1993 VL 18 IS 3 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0018:TSOBSP>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KQ433 UT WOS:A1993KQ43300005 ER PT J AU BUXTON, NG DEALTERIS, JT AF BUXTON, NG DEALTERIS, JT TI QUANTIFICATION OF WATER-FLOW AND NET DRAG IN MIDWATER TRAWLS SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The flow velocity and hydrodynamic drag of 18 quarter-scale midwater box trawl nets were quantified in a circulating water channel using electromagnetic current meters and strain gauges, with the mouth of each net attached to a rigid pipe frame to maintain geometric similarity. The experimental matrix involved three mesh sizes (25, 50, and 100 mm), three twine diameters (0.5, 1, and 2 mm), two webbing tapers (all bar and three points to one bar), and three test speeds (30, 60, and 90 cm s-1). Under this design, the significant factors affecting the velocity gradient within or ahead of the nets were found to be the solidity ratio of the webbing and the towing speed. The significant factors affecting the drag coefficient of the nets were the solidity ratio and the average webbing angle of incidence. The towing speed was not found to significantly affect the drag coefficient under the experimental conditions. RP BUXTON, NG (reprint author), NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES SCI CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1016/0165-7836(93)90050-H PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA KR862 UT WOS:A1993KR86200005 ER PT J AU GRAEDEL, TE BATES, TS BOUWMAN, AF CUNNOLD, D DIGNON, J FUNG, I JACOB, DJ LAMB, BK LOGAN, JA MARLAND, G MIDDLETON, P PACYNA, JM PLACET, M VELDT, C AF GRAEDEL, TE BATES, TS BOUWMAN, AF CUNNOLD, D DIGNON, J FUNG, I JACOB, DJ LAMB, BK LOGAN, JA MARLAND, G MIDDLETON, P PACYNA, JM PLACET, M VELDT, C TI A COMPILATION OF INVENTORIES OF EMISSIONS TO THE ATMOSPHERE SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; ZONE COLOR SCANNER; NITROUS-OXIDE; HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; METHANE EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE AB Detailed and accurate emissions inventories are essential for reliable computer dispersion model simulation of the behavior of chemically and radiatively important atmospheric species. Currently, model simulations of the atmosphere are limited by the paucity of quality emissions data for input. As a first step in providing internationally recognized emissions inventories, we list here the inventories that are extant, together with their spatial and temporal characteristics and a few interpretive comments. The only global emissions inventory we regard as good is that for chlorofluorocarbons. Those for CO2, CH4, NO(x), SO2, reduced sulfur, and radon we regard as fair. In selected regions, the spatial resolution of emissions is well determined for CO2, CO, NO(x), and SO2. The temporal resolution of existing inventories is almost uniformly poor. Much remains to be done to generate emissions inventories adequate to fully support computer models of regional and global chemistry and climate. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, WASHINGTON, DC 20024 USA. NOAA, PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT, 3720 BA BILTHOVEN, NETHERLANDS. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL, SCH GEOPHYS SCI, ATLANTA, GA 30332 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR, GREENBELT, MD 20771 USA. HARVARD UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, DEPT CIVIL ENGN, ATMOSPHER RES LAB, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. SUNY ALBANY, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA. NORWEGIAN INST AIR RES, N-2001 LILLESTROM, NORWAY. NETHERLANDS ORG APPL SCI RES, APELDOOM, NETHERLANDS. RP AT&T BELL LABS, ROOM 1D-349, MURRAY HILL, NJ 07974 USA. RI Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016 OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859; NR 198 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 1 EP 26 DI 10.1029/92GB02793 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KW450 UT WOS:A1993KW45000001 ER PT J AU KEELING, RF NAJJAR, RP BENDER, ML TANS, PP AF KEELING, RF NAJJAR, RP BENDER, ML TANS, PP TI WHAT ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN MEASUREMENTS CAN TELL US ABOUT THE GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID MODEL; CO2; ATLANTIC; WATER; AIR; SEA AB This paper explores the role that measurements of changes in atmospheric oxygen, detected through changes in the O2/N2 ratio of air, can play in improving our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Simple conceptual models are presented in order to clarify the biological and physical controls on the exchanges of O2, CO2, N2, and Ar across the air-sea interface and in order to clarify the relationships between biologically mediated fluxes of oxygen across the air-sea interface and the cycles of organic carbon in the ocean. Predictions of large-scale seasonal variations and gradients in atmospheric oxygen are presented. A two-dimensional model is used to relate changes in the O2/N2 ratio of air to the sources of oxygen from terrestrial and marine ecosystems, the thermal ingassing and outgassing of seawater, and the burning of fossil fuel. The analysis indicates that measurements of seasonal variations in atmospheric oxygen can place new constraints on the large-scale marine biological productivity. Measurements of the north-south gradient and depletion rate of atmospheric oxygen can help determine the rates and geographical distribution of the net storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. C1 UNIV RHODE ISL,GRAD SCH OCEANOG,KINGSTON,RI 02881. NOAA,CLIMATE MONITORING & DIAGNOST LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP KEELING, RF (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. NR 32 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 6 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 37 EP 67 DI 10.1029/92GB02733 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KW450 UT WOS:A1993KW45000003 ER PT J AU SUEHLE, JS CAVICCHI, RE GAITAN, M SEMANCIK, S AF SUEHLE, JS CAVICCHI, RE GAITAN, M SEMANCIK, S TI TIN OXIDE GAS SENSOR FABRICATED USING CMOS MICRO-HOTPLATES AND INSITU PROCESSING SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON AB We report the first monolithic tin oxide (SnO2) gas sensor realized by commercial CMOS foundry fabrication (MOSIS) and post-fabrication processing techniques. The device is composed of a sensing film that is sputter-deposited on a silicon micromachined hotplate. The fabrication technique requires no masking and utilizes in-situ process control and monitoring of film resistivity during film growth. Micro-hotplate temperature is controlled from ambient to 500-degrees-C with a thermal efficiency of 8-degrees-C / mW and thermal response time of 0.6 ms. Gas sensor responses of pure SnO2 filMS to H-2 and O2 with an operating temperature of 350-degrees-C are reported. The fabrication methodology allows integration of an array of gas sensors of various films with separate temperature control for each element in the array, and circuits for a low-cost CMOS-based gas sensor system. RP SUEHLE, JS (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 20 TC 206 Z9 209 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 118 EP 120 DI 10.1109/55.215130 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA KN764 UT WOS:A1993KN76400008 ER PT J AU MARKS, RB AF MARKS, RB TI PROTECTING EFIE-BASED SCATTERING COMPUTATIONS FROM EFFECTS OF INTERIOR RESONANCES - COMMENT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Note ID SINGULAR FUNCTION EXPANSION RP MARKS, RB (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,MAIL CODE 81301,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 386 EP 387 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA LH043 UT WOS:A1993LH04300021 ER PT J AU Moser, EK Tomasch, WJ Furdyna, JK Coffey, MW Clem, JR AF Moser, E. K. Tomasch, W. J. Furdyna, J. K. Coffey, M. W. Clem, J. R. TI TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTION OF SUPERCONDUCTING YBa2Cu3O7-x FILMS AT 35 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Microwave transmission and reflection measurements are carried out simultaneously on thin films (similar to 2000 angstrom) of YBa2Cu3O7-x having their c axes perpendicular to the LaAlO3 substrate. We determine power transmission and reflection fractions (T, R) as functions of temperature and magnetic field (0C program for supporting this research. Support from Australian Metal Manufacture Ltd. (SXD) and from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Industry, Technology and Commerce (HKL, YCG) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1194 EP 1196 DI 10.1109/77.233338 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TH UT WOS:000209703200072 ER PT J AU Goodrich, LF Srivastava, AN Yuyama, M Wada, H AF Goodrich, L. F. Srivastava, A. N. Yuyama, M. Wada, H. TI n-VALUE AND SECOND DERIVATIVE OF THE. SUPERCONDUCTOR VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTIC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB We studied the n-value (V proportional to I-n) and second derivative (d(2)V/dI(2)) of the voltage-current curve of high and low temperature superconductors and superconductor simulators. We used these parameters for diagnosing problems with sample heating and data acquisition, and as indicators of the superconducting-to-normal state transition. The superconductor simulator may be useful in testing the measurement system integrity and reducing measurement variability since its characteristics are highly repeatable. C1 [Goodrich, L. F.; Srivastava, A. N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Yuyama, M.; Wada, H.] Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1265 EP 1268 DI 10.1109/77.233394 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TH UT WOS:000209703200091 ER PT J AU Bray, SL Ekin, JW Kuroda, T AF Bray, S. L. Ekin, J. W. Kuroda, T. TI CRITICAL-CURRENT DEGRADATION IN MULTIFILAMENTARY Nb3Al WIRES FROM TRANSVERSE COMPRESSIVE AND AXIAL TENSILE STRESS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB The effect of transverse compressive stress and axial tensile stress on the critical current of multifilamentary Nb3Al superconducting wires has been measured. Compared with commercial Nb3Sn, Nb3Al exhibits a relatively small sensitivity to both axial and transverse stress. For a given degradation of critical current at 9 T, Nb3Al will tolerate about twice as much axial stress as Nb3Sn and about five times the transverse stress. The elastic modulus of Nb3Al, 169 +/- 20 GPa, was measured for the first time at cryogenic temperatures and found comparable to that of Nb3Sn. A comparison between the effect of axial and transverse stress showed that Nb3Al, like Nb3Sn, is more sensitive to transverse stress than axial stress. For a given level of critical current degradation, the transverse stress tolerance of Nb3Al is about half the axial stress tolerance. The favorable electromechanical characteristics of Nb3Al, compared with Nb3Sn, may allow increased operating limits for the next generation of large high-field superconducting magnets. C1 [Bray, S. L.; Ekin, J. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kuroda, T.] Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Bray, SL (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy [DE-AI01-84ER52113] FX The authors wish to give special thanks to C. L. H. Thieme for providing the Nb3Al elastic-modulus samples and for valuable discussions, and to S. S. Smith for modulus apparatus design and construction. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy, under contract No. DE-AI01-84ER52113. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1338 EP 1341 DI 10.1109/77.233652 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TH UT WOS:000209703200111 ER PT J AU Moreland, J Harvey, TE Ono, RH Roshko, A AF Moreland, J. Harvey, T. E. Ono, R. H. Roshko, A. TI SCANNED PROBE MICROSCOPY OF YBa2Cu3Ox THIN-FILM DEVICE STRUCTURES ON Si SUBSTRATES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to image YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) films grown on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers on Si substrates. We are currently investigating the effects of deposition and patterning conditions on device topography and performance. We find evidence for pinhole formation in YSZ buffer layers and microcracking in the YBCO films. We also present AFM images of 0.25 mu m wide YBCO lines on Si made using e-beam lithography and ion milling. C1 [Moreland, J.; Harvey, T. E.; Ono, R. H.; Roshko, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Moreland, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU DoE BES [DE-AIO5-89ER14044] FX JM was supported by DoE BES contract DE-AIO5-89ER14044. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1586 EP 1589 DI 10.1109/77.233360 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TH UT WOS:000209703200175 ER PT J AU Roshko, A Rudman, DA Vale, LR Goodrich, LF Moreland, J Beck, HL AF Roshko, A. Rudman, D. A. Vale, L. R. Goodrich, L. F. Moreland, J. Beck, H. L. TI INFLUENCE OF DEPOSITION PARAMETERS ON PROPERTIES OF LASER ABLATED YBa2Cu3O7-delta FILMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB YBa2Cu3O7-delta films have been laser ablated under a variety of conditions, onto four different substrate materials. Using scanning tunneling microscopy it was observed that the films grow by an island nucleation and growth mechanism. The properties of the films were studied as functions of the deposition conditions. Films on LaAlO3 had the best and most reproducible properties. The superconducting transition temperatures of films deposited on LaAlO3 proved to be fairly insensitive to the substrate temperature during deposition; T-c > 90 K were obtained for films deposited over a temperature range from 760 degrees to 850 degrees C. The oxygen partial pressure during the deposition had a large effect on the transition temperature; the highest T(c)s were obtained for films deposited in 26.7 Pa (200 mTorr) oxygen. Measurements of transport critical current indicate that films deposited at lower temperatures are less sensitive to magnetic fields, suggesting that they may contain more defects which act as flux pinning sites. C1 [Roshko, A.; Rudman, D. A.; Vale, L. R.; Goodrich, L. F.; Moreland, J.; Beck, H. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Roshko, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1590 EP 1593 DI 10.1109/77.233896 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TH UT WOS:000209703200176 ER PT J AU Missert, N Reintsema, CD Beall, JA Harvey, TE Ono, RH Rudman, DA Galt, D Price, JC AF Missert, N. Reintsema, C. D. Beall, J. A. Harvey, T. E. Ono, R. H. Rudman, D. A. Galt, D. Price, J. C. TI GROWTH AND CHARAC'T'ERIZATION OF YBCO/INSULATOR/YBCO TRILAYERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Multilevel circuits for high frequency applications of high-T-C superconductors require low dielectric constant insulators between superconducting layers. Initial studies of CeO2 thin films as the insulating layer in YBCO/insulator/YBCO structures revealed insufficient isolation between YBCO layers. Trilayer structures employing thin film composite dielectrics of CeO2 and SrTiO3 were therefore investigated. Each layer grows epitaxially with a morphology comparable to that of a single YBCO film. Transport critical current density measurements of the top YBCO layer resulted in Jc = 2 x 105 A/cm(2) at 77 K, a factor of 10 lower than for single films. Trilayer structures had a microwave surface resistance at 10 GHz and 4 K of 50 mu Omega, comparable to that of single films. Preliminary low temperature measurements of the dielectric constant of composite insulator structures gave values an order of magnitude lower than for pure SrTiO3. C1 [Missert, N.; Reintsema, C. D.; Beall, J. A.; Harvey, T. E.; Ono, R. H.; Rudman, D. A.] NIST, Electromagnet Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Galt, D.; Price, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Missert, N (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Technol Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1741 EP 1744 DI 10.1109/77.233598 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TH UT WOS:000209703200215 ER PT J AU Gutt, GM Kasdin, NJ Condron, MR Muhlfelder, B Lockhart, JM Cromar, MW AF Gutt, G. M. Kasdin, N. J. Condron, M. R., II Muhlfelder, B. Lockhart, J. M. Cromar, M. W. TI A METHOD FOR SIMULATING A FLUX-LOCKED DC SQUID SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Many high precision experiments place severe requirements on the noise, linearity and slew rate of flux-locked dc SQUID systems (linearity requirement approaches 1 in 106 for Gravity Probe-B). A computationally efficient and accurate method of simulating a dc SQUID's V-Phi and I-V characteristics has proven valuable in evaluating and improving various SQUID readout methods. The simulation of the SQUID is based on fitting of previously acquired data from either a real or a modeled device using the Fourier transform of the V-Phi curve. This method does not predict SQUID behavior, but rather is a way of replicating a known behavior efficiently with portability into various simulation programs such as SPICE. In this paper we discuss the methods used to simulate the SQUID and the flux-locking control electronics and present specific examples of this approach. Results include an estimate of the slew rate and linearity of a simple flux-locked loop using a characterized dc SQUID. C1 [Gutt, G. M.; Kasdin, N. J.; Condron, M. R., II; Muhlfelder, B.; Lockhart, J. M.] WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cromar, M. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lockhart, J. M.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. RP Gutt, GM (reprint author), WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NASA [NAS8-36125] FX Research supported by NASA under contract NAS8-36125 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1837 EP 1840 DI 10.1109/77.233324 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300011 ER PT J AU Steiner, RL Clark, AF Kiser, C Witt, TJ Reymann, D AF Steiner, R. L. Clark, A. F. Kiser, C. Witt, T. J. Reymann, D. TI ACCURACY COMPARISONS OF JOSEPHSON ARRAY SYSTEMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Five Josephson-array voltage standard systems were compared using several different methods. All of the tests were performed on site at a 1.018-V level, either by direct connection or through successive measurements of independent voltage sources. The resulting agreement between different systems measuring the same source were generally better than 10.0 parts in 10(-9), limited by source noise and detector resolution. Direct array-to-array comparisons for independent systems achieved agreement to within random uncertainties of 0.2 parts in 10(-9). C1 [Steiner, R. L.; Clark, A. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kiser, C.] Navy Primary Stand Lab East, Washington, DC 20374 USA. [Witt, T. J.; Reymann, D.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. RP Steiner, RL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Calibration Coordination Group of the U. S. Department of Defense FX This work was performed in the Electricity Division, Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, Technology Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, and partially supported by the Calibration Coordination Group of the U. S. Department of Defense. Contributions of the National Institute of Standards and Technology are not protected by U. S. copyright. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 1874 EP 1877 DI 10.1109/77.233315 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300020 ER PT J AU Kautz, RL McDonald, DG Walker, DK Williams, D AF Kautz, R. L. McDonald, D. G. Walker, D. K. Williams, D. TI PROPOSED HIGH-ACCURACY SUPERCONDUCTING POWER METER FOR MILLIMETER WAVES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB The accuracy of conventional microwave power meters is limited by the fact that some of the power dissipated in the meter is not sensed by the bolometric detector. In a proposed power meter, superconducting materials are used to virtually eliminate this source of error. Our goal is to measure a power of 10mW at frequencies in the WR-22 band (33 to 50 GHz) with an accuracy of 0.02%. C1 [Kautz, R. L.; McDonald, D. G.; Walker, D. K.; Williams, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kautz, RL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU Naval Ocean Systems Center [N66001-92MP00017] FX The authors thank R. T. Johnk, N. T. Larsen, J. Ruda, and J. E. Sauvageau for constructive advice and criticism during the course of this work and D. R. Kelley for generous assistance with lead electroplating. This work was supported in part by the Naval Ocean Systems Center under contract number N66001-92MP00017. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2152 EP 2155 DI 10.1109/77.233928 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300086 ER PT J AU Ono, RH Vale, LR Kimminau, KR Beall, JA Cromar, MW Reintsema, CD Harvey, TE Rosenthal, PA Rudman, DA AF Ono, R. H. Vale, L. R. Kimminau, K. R. Beall, J. A. Cromar, M. W. Reintsema, C. D. Harvey, T. E. Rosenthal, P. A. Rudman, D. A. TI HIGH-T-C SNS JUNCTIONS FOR MULTILEVEL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB High quality superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson microbridges have been fabricated in a variety of configurations across the edge of steps in a manner that is consistent with a multilevel integrated circuit process. Our best junctions have critical current-resistance products of 1-3 mV at 4 K and 100-500 pV at 77 K, useful values for many analog and digital applications not requiring hysteretic junctions. The dc transport characteristics of the junctions and issues of reproducibility and uniformity are discussed. In particular, we discuss a simple theoretically based analysis of junction parameter spread. C1 [Ono, R. H.; Vale, L. R.; Kimminau, K. R.; Beall, J. A.; Cromar, M. W.; Reintsema, C. D.; Harvey, T. E.; Rosenthal, P. A.; Rudman, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Ono, RH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Heather Beck in sample preparation and discussions with Nancy Missert. John Moreland and Paul Rice provided the expertise in operating the atomic force microsope. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2389 EP 2392 DI 10.1109/77.233421 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300144 ER PT J AU Booi, PAA Benz, SP Doderer, T Hoffmann, D Schmidt, J Lachenmann, S Huebener, RP AF Booi, P. A. A. Benz, S. P. Doderer, T. Hoffmann, D. Schmidt, J. Lachenmann, S. Huebener, R. P. TI FREQUENCY DEPENDENCE OF THE EMISSION FROM 2D ARRAY JOSEPHSON OSCILLATORS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB Coherent emission from two-dimensional arrays of Josephson junctions, coupled to a detector junction through a dc blocking stripline capacitor, was detected over a frequency range from 50 to 210 GHz. A power of 0.26 pW which is larger than the 0.1 mu W expected from the RSJ model was detected in a range from 140 to 150 GHz. Frequencies where no emission was detected correspond to standing waves in the capacitor when multiples of the half-wavelength match the capacitor length. Low temperature scanning electron microscopy confinned the presence of standing waves at these frequencies, but also revealed standing waves at other frequencies indicating an impedance mismatch and a possible extension of the standing waves into the array. C1 [Booi, P. A. A.; Benz, S. P.] NIST, Div 814 03, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Doderer, T.; Hoffmann, D.; Schmidt, J.; Lachenmann, S.; Huebener, R. P.] Univ Tubingen, Lehrstuhl Expt Phys 2, Inst Phys, Morgenstelle 14, D-7400 Tubingen, Germany. RP Booi, PAA (reprint author), NIST, Div 814 03, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-92-F-00040]; University of Twente in The Netherlands FX The authors thank C. A. Hamilton and R.L. Kautz, for many refreshing and stimulating discussions, and the use of their computer programs. This research was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract No. N00014-92-F-00040. One of the authors (PAAB) acknowledges the support of the University of Twente in The Netherlands. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2493 EP 2495 DI 10.1109/77.233962 PN 4 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300170 ER PT J AU Benz, SP Burroughs, CJ Hamilton, CA AF Benz, S. P. Burroughs, C. J. Hamilton, C. A. TI EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ON SINGLE FLUX QUANTUM LOGIC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB We have optimized the design and calculated the margins for a number of single flux quantum (SFQ) logic elements including AND, OR, XOR, Splitter, DC-to-SFQ converter, and SFQ-to-DC converter. These are the fundamental building blocks necessary to construct more complex logic functions such as the half adder, and full adder. Experimental tests of the primary gates, the AND, OR, XOR, and splitter, were made by imbedding each test gate between DC-to-SFQ converters at the inputs and SFQ-to-DC converters at the outputs. Automated testing of each circuit was used to determine functionality, optimum bias levels, and margins. The experimental bias current margins for each gate are consistent with the simulations. This is the first experimental functional confirmation of these SFQ logic gates. C1 [Benz, S. P.; Burroughs, C. J.; Hamilton, C. A.] NIST, Div 814 03, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div 814 03, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU DARPA [6882] FX This research was supported in part by DARPA order No. 6882. K.C. Gilbert's support with the computer simulations was greatly appreciated. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2582 EP 2585 DI 10.1109/77.233528 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300189 ER PT J AU Welty, RP Martinis, JM AF Welty, Richard P. Martinis, John M. TI TWO-STAGE INTEGRATED SQUID AMPLIFIER WITH SERIES ARRAY OUTPUT SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB We have fabricated a 2-stage integrated dc SQUID amplifier which uses a compact series array of 100 dc SQUIDs as the readout device for a low-noise single SQUID. The output noise is dominated by the amplified noise of the input SQUID and substantially exceeds the input noise of a good roomtemperature preamp. The input stage is a low-inductance double-loop SQUID with energy sensitivi of approximately transformer having input inductance phi(n) = 0.25 mu H and net coupling to the SQUID of k(2) = 0.1. The bandwidth extends from dc to about 390 kHz. The series array has an output voltage swing of 3-4 mV, providing a dynamic range of over 50 dES at full bandwidth. The results suggest the general utility of series SQUID arrays as readout devices for SQUIDS. C1 [Welty, Richard P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martinis, John M.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Welty, RP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU ONR [N00014-92-F-0003] FX Supported in part under ONR contract N00014-92-F-0003. NR 10 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2605 EP 2608 DI 10.1109/77.233523 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300194 ER PT J AU Reuvekamp, EMCM Booi, PAA Verhoeven, MAJ Gerritsma, GJ Rogalla, H AF Reuvekamp, E. M. C. M. Booi, P. A. A. Verhoeven, M. A. J. Gerritsma, G. J. Rogalla, H. TI DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A HTC QUASI- ONE JUNCTION SQUID BASED COMPARATOR SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB A design of a comparator for an all HTC superconductive 4- bit flash A/ D converter is proposed and discussed. The design has been simulated and optimized using the PSCAN computer package [1,2]. The required junction and circuit parameters are thus calculated and compared with the experimental junction parameters. The operating temperature is intended to be as high as 40 K. Due to the current noise- level at these temperatures the I-c of the junctions should be higher than 100 mu A. The output voltages should be of the order of 500 mu V and higher. The junctions in the quasi- one junction SQUID are structured on 2 ramp- edges. The operating frequencies will be below 1 MHz in this first design. Optimization to the GHz range seems very well possible. A first realization uses the YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) superconductor and PrBa2Cu3O7-x (PBCO) as junction barrier and electrode inter layer material. On a 10x10 mm(2) SrTiO3 (001) substrate, 9 comparators and 4 separate ramp-edge junctions are realized. This relative large number of elements on a wafer should allow us to extract statistical information on the scattering of properties due to the fabrication processes. C1 [Reuvekamp, E. M. C. M.; Booi, P. A. A.; Verhoeven, M. A. J.; Gerritsma, G. J.; Rogalla, H.] Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, Low Temp Div, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Booi, P. A. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reuvekamp, EMCM (reprint author), Univ Twente, Dept Appl Phys, Low Temp Div, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. FU European Economical Community FX This research is in part supported by the European Economical Community. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2621 EP 2624 DI 10.1109/77.233519 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300198 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, PA AF Rosenthal, P. A. TI SUB-PICOSECOND MEASUREMENT OF TIME INTERVALS USING SINGLE FLUX QUANTUM ELECTRONICS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB A single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse coincidence detector based on resistively shunted nonhysteretic Josephson junctions was designed and simulated. The coincidence detector generates an SFQ pulse when the delay between the arrival of SFQ pulses at its two inputs is less than the coincidence threshold. Simulations indicate that the minimum coincidence threshold time can be as short as 400 +/- 200 fs assuming Josephson junction characteristic voltages of 1 mV, overdamped dynamics and 4.2 K operating temperatures. Circuit architectures exploiting this gate are suggested. Estimates of the effects of thermal noise on resolution are presented indicating the potential for various time domain measurements with sub-picosecond resolution. C1 [Rosenthal, P. A.] NIST, Cryoelect Metrol, Mc 814-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Rosenthal, PA (reprint author), NIST, Cryoelect Metrol, Mc 814-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2645 EP 2648 DI 10.1109/77.233971 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300204 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Hamilton, CA AF Burroughs, C. J. Hamilton, C. A. TI AUTOMATED JOSEPHSON INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TEST SYSTEM SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB We have developed an automated test system for complex superconductive integrated circuits. Its low speed capability consists of 96 identical I/O channels which are controlled by a PC-486 computer. Each channel is capable of driving currents and reading voltages at frequencies up to 40 kHz. Integrating this low speed I/O capability with high speed test equipment controlled over the IEEE 488 bus allows measurements at frequencies up to the limits of the test equipment. The system can automatically set biases, display curves, measure parameter margins, plot threshold curves, extract experimental circuit values, and collect statistical data on parameter spreads and error rates. Issues of noise suppression, ground loop handling, and auto-calibration are discussed. C1 [Burroughs, C. J.; Hamilton, C. A.] NIST, Div 814 03, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Div 814 03, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2687 EP 2689 DI 10.1109/77.233980 PN 4 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300214 ER PT J AU Doderer, T Hoffmann, D Huebener, RP Kirclunann, N Krulle, CA Lachenmann, S Quenter, D Schmidt, J Stehle, S Niemeyer, J Popel, R Benz, SP Booi, PAA AF Doderer, T. Hoffmann, D. Huebener, R. P. Kirclunann, N. Krulle, C. A. Lachenmann, S. Quenter, D. Schmidt, J. Stehle, S. Niemeyer, J. Poepel, R. Benz, S. P. Booi, P. A. A. TI SUSAN (SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS ANALYSIS) BY LOW TEMPERATURE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (LTSEM) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB We used the technique of Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy for spatially resolved investigations of both Josephson junctions and superconducting integrated circuits during their operation with a spatial resolution of about 1 mu m. Two examples of our studies will be presented: With single Josephson tunnel junctions of various geometries we studied different dynamic states such as fluxon oscillations or unidirectional flux flow. With an integrated circuit consisting of a two-dimensional array of tunnel junctions and an rf detection circuit we investigated the rf-properties of the coupling circuit and confirmed the existence of an impedance mismatch and a geometrical standing wave in the blocking capacitor. C1 [Doderer, T.; Hoffmann, D.; Huebener, R. P.; Kirclunann, N.; Krulle, C. A.; Lachenmann, S.; Quenter, D.; Schmidt, J.; Stehle, S.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys, Lehrstuhl Expt Phys 2, D-7400 Tubingen, Germany. [Niemeyer, J.; Poepel, R.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Benz, S. P.; Booi, P. A. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Doderer, T (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys, Lehrstuhl Expt Phys 2, D-7400 Tubingen, Germany. FU Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the help from C.J. Burroughs, G. Costabile, J.C. Fernandez, F. Hebrank, S. Lemke, B. Mayer, F. Miller, J. Mygind, S. Pagano, R. D. Parmentier, N. F. Pedersen, G. Reinisch, M. R. Samuelsen, A. C. Scott, A.V. Ustinov, and T. Weimann. One of us (C. A. K.) wants to thank the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes for financial support. Part of this work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2724 EP 2727 DI 10.1109/77.233990 PN 4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300224 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, SJ De Obaldia, E Galloway, ML Morales, G Ludwig, KF Mankiewich, PM Skocpol, WJ Ono, RH Beall, JA Vale, LR Rudman, DA AF Berkowitz, S. J. De Obaldia, E. Galloway, M. L. Morales, G. Ludwig, K. F. Mankiewich, P. M. Skocpol, W. J. Ono, R. H. Beall, J. A. Vale, L. R. Rudman, D. A. TI ETCHING AND ANNEALING OF SUBSTRATES FOR SUPERCONDUCTING MULTILAYERS AND DEVICES SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article AB The growth of multilayer and step -edge devices requires patterned etching of films and substrates. It can be expected that any residual disorder introduced by etching will propagate upward through successive layers and affect device quality. We have investigated the structural and electrical quality of YBa2Cu3O7-delta grown on ion etched substrates by a variety of techniques. Co-evaporated YBa2Cu3O7-delta films deposited and postannealed on etched LaAlO3 substrates have substantially higher room temperature resistivities and wider c -axis rocking curve widths than films on unetched substrates. Annealing of the etched substrate prior to evaporation narrows the c -axis rocking curve width and restores resistivity and critical current densities to values comparable to the unetched controls. Laser ablated films on etched substrates show a smaller absolute magnitude of rocking curve broadening and no change in de electrical properties. An increase of the inhomogeneous strain was also observed in coevaporated postannealed and laser ablated films on etched substrates. C1 [Berkowitz, S. J.; De Obaldia, E.; Galloway, M. L.; Morales, G.; Ludwig, K. F.; Mankiewich, P. M.; Skocpol, W. J.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ono, R. H.; Beall, J. A.; Vale, L. R.; Rudman, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mankiewich, P. M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Berkowitz, SJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU DARPA/ONR; Consortium for Superconducting Electronics FX Supported by DARPA/ONR and the Consortium for Superconducting Electronics. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 2950 EP 2952 DI 10.1109/77.234020 PN 4 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V43TI UT WOS:000209703300279 ER PT J AU OTI, JO AF OTI, JO TI A MICROMAGNETIC MODEL OF DUAL-LAYER MAGNETIC-RECORDING THIN-FILMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article ID MEDIA AB A micromagnetic model of dual-layer magnetic-recording thin films is described. The model, which is capable of simulating magnetic layers having different magnetic and geometric properties, is applied to the study of the magnetic properties of dual-layer media characterized by a three-dimensional isotropic distribution of anisotropy axes in both layers, using parameters typical of cobalt-alloy films. In the absence of exchange interactions between the layers, a correlation is found between squareness ratios, average magnetostatic energy densities, and structural dimensions of the media. An in-phase magnetization reversal of the layers is found to occur with increasing interlayer exchange coupling. A complex relationship is found between coercivity and media parameters. RP OTI, JO (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 1265 EP 1275 DI 10.1109/20.250631 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA KV879 UT WOS:A1993KV87900005 ER PT J AU ALFASSI, ZB PADMAJA, S NETA, P HUIE, RE AF ALFASSI, ZB PADMAJA, S NETA, P HUIE, RE TI SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE RATE OF REACTION OF CL2.- AND SO4.- RADICALS WITH UNSATURATED ALCOHOLS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID RATE CONSTANTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INORGANIC RADICALS; ORGANIC REDUCTANTS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ABSTRACTION AB Rate constants have been measured in several aqueous/organic solvent mixtures for the addition reaction of Cl2.- radicals with 2-propen-1-ol and 2-buten-1-ol as a function of temperature and with 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butene at room temperature. The rate constants were in the range of 10(6)-10(9) L mol-1 s-1, the activation energies were relatively low (1-10 kJ mol-1), and the pre-exponential factors varied over the range log A = 7.9 to 9.4. The rate constants (k) decreased (by up to a factor of 30) upon increasing the fraction of organic solvent and log k correlated linearly with the dielectric constant for a given water/organic solvent system, but the lines for the different solvent systems had different slopes. A better correlation of log k was found with a combination of the solvatochromic factor, E(T)(30), and the hydrogen-bond donor acidity factor, alpha. This suggests that the rate of reaction is influenced by the solvent polarity and also by specific solvation of the ionic reactant and product. Solvent effect on the reaction of SO4.- with 2-propen-1-ol was studied for comparison. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP ALFASSI, ZB (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,DEPT NUCL ENGN,IL-84121 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1002/kin.550250303 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KN094 UT WOS:A1993KN09400002 ER PT J AU PADMAJA, S ALFASSI, ZB NETA, P HUIE, RE AF PADMAJA, S ALFASSI, ZB NETA, P HUIE, RE TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR REACTIONS OF SO4.- RADICALS IN ACETONITRILE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; ALIPHATIC-AMINES; ETHERS AB Rate constants have been measured for the reactions of the sulfate radical, SO4.-, with alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, and amines in 95% acetonitrile solution. The rate constants were in the range of 10(6) L mol-1 s-1 for the abstraction reactions and 10(7)-10(9) L mol-1 s-1 for the addition and electron transfer reactions. These values are 20 to 80 times lower than those measured in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the rate constants for the reactions Of SO4.- with the primary alcohols increase with the number of carbon atoms and then level off, in contrast to the behavior observed in aqueous solution, where the rate constant increases more sharply for the larger alcohols. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,IL-84121 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1002/kin.550250307 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KN094 UT WOS:A1993KN09400006 ER PT J AU CLIFTON, CL HUIE, RE AF CLIFTON, CL HUIE, RE TI RATE CONSTANTS FOR SOME HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS OF THE CARBONATE RADICAL SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INORGANIC REDUCTANTS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; SO4 AB Rate constants have been measured in aqueous solutions for the reactions of the carbonate radical, CO3.-, with several saturated alcohols and one cyclic ether as a function of temperature. Arrhenius pre-exponential factors ranged from 2 x 10(8) to 1 x 10(9) l mol-1 s-1 and activation energies ranged from 16 to 29 kJ mol-1. The results suggest that the reactions are not pure hydrogen abstraction, but involve an additional interaction of the radical with the -OH or -O- linkage. RP CLIFTON, CL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Huie, Robert/A-5645-2010 NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1002/kin.550250308 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KN094 UT WOS:A1993KN09400007 ER PT J AU MORRISON, G MCLINDEN, MO AF MORRISON, G MCLINDEN, MO TI AZEOTROPY IN REFRIGERANT MIXTURES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE AZEOTROPE; EQUATION OF STATE; MIXTURE; VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM ID HALOGENATED ETHANE REFRIGERANTS; JONES LIQUID-MIXTURES; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; LOCAL COMPOSITION; ALTERNATIVES AB Azeotropic mixtures are attractive as refrigerants because they behave very nearly as pure materials. A simple correlative scheme that allows one to judge whether or not an azeotrope is likely in a binary refrigerant mixture is developed. The existence of 65 azeotropes in the 300 possible binary mixtures of 25 selected refrigerants is predicted. Of those, 23 have been reported in extensive compilations of such information. Among the remainder, for which there is apparently no experimental information, are mixtures that might offer promise as alternative refrigerants. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MORRISON, G (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 53 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD MAR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1016/0140-7007(93)90069-K PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA KM363 UT WOS:A1993KM36300006 ER PT J AU BROWN, MJ ARYA, SP SNYDER, WH AF BROWN, MJ ARYA, SP SNYDER, WH TI VERTICAL DISPERSION FROM SURFACE AND ELEVATED RELEASES - AN INVESTIGATION OF A NON-GAUSSIAN PLUME MODEL SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYERS; GROUND-LEVEL SOURCE; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; FLOW; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; WIND AB The vertical diffusion of a passive tracer released from surface and elevated sources in a neutrally stratified boundary layer has been studied by comparing field and laboratory experiments with a non-Gaussian K-theory model that assumes power-law profiles for the mean velocity and vertical eddy diffusivity. Several important differences between model predictions and experimental data were discovered: 1) the model overestimated ground-level concentrations from surface and elevated releases at distances beyond the peak concentration; 2) the model overpredicted vertical mixing near elevated sources, especially in the upward direction; 3) the model-predicted exponent alpha in the exponential vertical concentration profile for a surface release [C(z)BAR is-proportional-to exp(-z(alpha))] was smaller than the experimentally measured exponent. Model closure assumptions and experimental short-comings are discussed in relation to their probable effect on model predictions and experimental measurements. C1 NOAA, AIR RESOURCES LAB, DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC USA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV, DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI, RALEIGH, NC 27695 USA. OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 32 IS 3 BP 490 EP 505 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0490:VDFSAE>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KQ317 UT WOS:A1993KQ31700005 ER PT J AU KAUTZ, RL ZIMMERLI, G MARTINIS, JM AF KAUTZ, RL ZIMMERLI, G MARTINIS, JM TI SELF-HEATING IN THE COULOMB-BLOCKADE ELECTROMETER SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CHARGE AB A detailed comparison between theory and experiment is used to demonstrate the presence of self-heating in the Coulomb-blockade electrometer. When three different heating models are considered, the best fit with experimental electrometer characteristics is obtained for a model in which the electron temperature of the island electrode is determined by heat transfer to the lattice via electron-phonon coupling. In the successful model, the temperature T(i) of the island electrons is related to the power P(i) dissipated in the island and the temperature T(l) of the phonons by P(i)=SIGMAOMEGA(T(i)5- T(l)5), where SIGMA is an electron-phonon coupling parameter characteristic of the island material and OMEGA is the volume of the island. The best fit between theory and experiment yields a value of SIGMA=0.2 nW/K5/mum3 for the electron-phonon coupling in aluminum. Our calculations show that the electron temperature of the island commonly exceeds 100 mK even when the lattice remains at 35 mK. RP KAUTZ, RL (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2386 EP 2396 DI 10.1063/1.353092 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KT868 UT WOS:A1993KT86800048 ER PT J AU PARK, GS CUNNINGHAM, CE CABRERA, B HUBER, ME AF PARK, GS CUNNINGHAM, CE CABRERA, B HUBER, ME TI SINGLE TRAPPED VORTICES INDUCED IN A SUPERCONDUCTING FILM BY LASER SWITCHING SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Light pulses from an infrared laser can momentarily drive a superconducting strip of niobium normal. Under certain conditions, a single vortex may be trapped while the strip returns to the superconducting state. It was determined that the speckle pattern due to modal interference in the incident light is the most probable cause of vortex trapping. By changing the relative contrast of the speckle pattern, we can change the trapping probability from 0% to about 5% per pulse. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP PARK, GS (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2419 EP 2423 DI 10.1063/1.353096 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA KT868 UT WOS:A1993KT86800052 ER PT J AU BRUM, JL JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW AF BRUM, JL JOHNSON, RD HUDGENS, JW TI ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA OF THE HETEROISOTOPIC CH2D AND CHD2 RADICALS BY RESONANCE ENHANCED MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CARS SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; MATRIX-ISOLATION; METHYL RADICALS; RYDBERG STATE; NU-2 BAND; V2 BAND AB The 3pB-2(1) <-- <-- XB-2(1) bands of CH2D and CHD2 radicals were observed between 305 and 335 nm by mass resolved, 2+ 1 resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. Spectroscopic constants were found for the 3pB-2(1) Rydberg state of the CH2D radical (v00 = 59 940 cm-1, v1a1 CH2 stretch = 2995 cm-1, v2a1 CD stretch = 2220 cm-1, v4b1 out-of-plane large amplitude (OPLA) = 1260 cm-1, v5b2 CH2 asymmetric stretch = 3055 cm-1, v6b2 CD bend = 1115 cm-1) and of the CHD2 radical (v00 = 59 920 cm-1, v1a1 CH stretch = 3040 cm-1, v2a1 CD2 stretch = 2150 cm-1, v4b1 OPLA = 1165 cm-1, V6b2 CH bend = 12 10 cm-1). Vibrational frequencies calculated by ab initio theory agree well with the experimental data. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 98 IS 5 BP 3732 EP 3736 DI 10.1063/1.464051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA KR111 UT WOS:A1993KR11100018 ER PT J AU OHARE, PAG AF OHARE, PAG TI CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SPECIFIC ENERGIES OF REACTION OF ARSENIC AND OF SELENIUM WITH FLUORINE - STANDARD MOLAR ENTHALPIES OF FORMATION DELTA(F)H(M)(DEGREES) AT THE TEMPERATURE 298.15-K OF ASF5, SEF6, AS2SE3, AS4S4, AND AS2S3 - THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ASF5 AND SEF6 IN THE IDEAL-GAS STATE - CRITICAL-ASSESSMENT OF DELTA(F)H(M)(DEGREES)(ASF3,L), AND THE DISSOCIATION ENTHALPIES OF AS-F BONDS SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID VISCOSITY; SPECTRA RP OHARE, PAG (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 25 IS 3 BP 391 EP 402 DI 10.1006/jcht.1993.1042 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA KP701 UT WOS:A1993KP70100012 ER PT J AU CHAO, Y PHILANDER, SGH AF CHAO, Y PHILANDER, SGH TI ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; HEAT-CONTENT; EQUATORIAL OCEAN; SEASONAL CYCLE; DYNAMIC HEIGHT; ROSSBY WAVES; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB A realistic oceanic general circulation model is forced with winds observed over the tropical Pacific between 1967 and 1979. The structure of the simulated Southern Oscillation is strikingly different in the western and eastern sides of the basin, because the principal interannual zonal-wind fluctuations are confined to the west and are in the form of an equatorial jet. This causes thermocline displacements to have maxima off the equator in the west (where the curl of the wind is large) but on the equator in the east. Zonal phase propagation, both on and off the equator, is at different speeds in the west and east. The phase pattern is complex, and there is, on interannual time scale, no explicit evidence of individual equatorial waves. These results lead to a modification of the ''delayed oscillator'' mechanism originally proposed by Schopf and Suarez to explain a continual Southern Oscillation. The results also permit an evaluation of the various coupled ocean-atmosphere models that simulate the Southern Oscillation and indicate which measurements are necessary to determine which models are most relevant to reality. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,ATMOSPHER & OCEAN SCI PROGRAM,PRINCETON,NJ 08544. NR 39 TC 83 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 450 EP 469 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY833 UT WOS:A1993KY83300003 ER PT J AU HELD, IM PHILLIPPS, PJ AF HELD, IM PHILLIPPS, PJ TI SENSITIVITY OF THE EDDY MOMENTUM FLUX TO MERIDIONAL RESOLUTION IN ATMOSPHERIC GCMS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; MODEL; WAVE; DRAG AB GCM experiments with zonally symmetric climates are used to demonstrate that the increase in the meridional eddy momentum fluxes and zonal surface winds that occurs when resolution is increased is primarily due to the increase in meridional rather than zonal resolution. It is argued that the sensitivity to meridional resolution reflects the need to resolve the small scales generated in the Rossby wave field as waves radiate from the midlatitude baroclinic eddy source region into regions with small mean winds. Some additional experiments highlight the sensitivity of surface winds and eddy momentum fluxes to the subgrid-scale horizontal mixing formulation in low-resolution models. RP HELD, IM (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,POB 308,PRINCETON,NJ 08542, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0499:SOTEMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY833 UT WOS:A1993KY83300006 ER PT J AU CHERTOCK, B SUD, YC AF CHERTOCK, B SUD, YC TI COMPARISON OF OCEAN SURFACE SOLAR IRRADIANCE IN THE GLA GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL AND SATELLITE-BASED CALCULATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Note ID RADIATION; BIOSPHERE; SIB AB A global, 7-year satellite-based record of ocean surface solar irradiance (SSI) is used to assess the realism of ocean SSI simulated by the nine-layer Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) General Circulation Model (GCM). January and July climatologies of net SSI produced by the model are compared with corresponding satellite climatologies for the world oceans between 54-degrees-N and 54-degrees-S. This comparison of climatologies indicates areas of strengths and weaknesses in the GCM treatment of cloud-radiation interactions, the major source of model uncertainty. Realism of ocean SSI is also important for applications such as incorporating the GLA GCM into a coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. The results show that the GLA GCM simulates too much SSI in the extratropics and too little in the tropics, especially in the summer hemisphere. These discrepancies reach magnitudes of 60 W m-2 and more. The discrepancies are particularly large in the July case off the western coast of North America. In this region of persistent marine stratus, the GCM climatological values exceed the satellite climatological values by as much as 131 W m-2. Positive and negative discrepancies in SSI are shown to be consistent with discrepancies in planetary albedo. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,ATMOSPHERES LAB,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP CHERTOCK, B (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES INST,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 560 EP 567 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0560:COOSSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KY833 UT WOS:A1993KY83300010 ER PT J AU MOELLER, CC HUH, OK ROBERTS, HH GUMLEY, LE MENZEL, WP AF MOELLER, CC HUH, OK ROBERTS, HH GUMLEY, LE MENZEL, WP TI RESPONSE OF LOUISIANA COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS TO A COLD-FRONT PASSAGE SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GEOMORPHOLOGY; ESTUARIES; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT ID SEA; VALIDATION; IMAGERY AB The effect of a cold front passage on suspended sediment concentrations, water temperatures, and coastal circulation off Louisiana is examined via remote sensing with the Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS). This 12 channel visible-infrared scanning spectrometer is flown on NASA's ER-2 aircraft, collecting 100 m resolution data over a 37 km swath from an altitude of 20 km. Time series charts of water temperature and suspended sediment content record the rapid (days) response of these shallow coastal waters to the cold front system of March 30-April 1, 1989. The river discharge sediment plumes stream down wind from the coast, remaining as coherent discrete water masses for up to 100 km. Detectable temperature gradients evolve rapidly in the estuarine waters in response to changing atmospheric conditions, with lowest temperatures developing in shallowest regions. Water level setup and setdown created by surface winds and barometric pressure strongly affect the exchange of river, estuarine and Gulf water. Behavior of the turbid river and estuarine discharge plumes is important as they serve as the source for new sediment deposits along the coastline. The utility of time series from high resolution, multispectral imagery in coastal environmental research, resource management, and pollution control is clear from this short term, multimission coverage. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,INST COASTAL STUDIES,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RES & DATA SYST CORP,GREENBELT,MD 20770. NOAA,NESDIS,ADV SATELLITE PROD PROJECT,MADISON,WI 53706. RP MOELLER, CC (reprint author), COOPERAT INST METEOROL SATELLITE STUDIES,1225 W DAYTON ST,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 8 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SPR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 434 EP 447 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA KW243 UT WOS:A1993KW24300011 ER PT J AU MURRAY, BT CORIELL, SR MCFADDEN, GB WHEELER, AA SAUNDERS, BV AF MURRAY, BT CORIELL, SR MCFADDEN, GB WHEELER, AA SAUNDERS, BV TI GRAVITATIONAL MODULATION OF THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTION DURING DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY MODULATION; STABILITY; FLOWS AB During directional solidification of a binary alloy at constant velocity, thermosolutal convection may occur due to the temperature and solute gradients associated with the solidification process. For vertical growth in an ideal furnace (lacking horizontal gradients) a quiescent state is possible. The effect of a time-periodic vertical gravitational acceleration (or equivalently vibration) on the onset of thermosolutal convection is calculated based on linear stability using Floquet theory. Numerical calculations for the onset of instability have been carried out for a semiconductor alloy with Schmidt number of 10 and Prandtl number of 0.1 with primary emphasis on large modulation frequencies in a microgravity environment for which the background gravitational acceleration is negligible. The numerical results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in stability depending on whether a heavier or lighter solute is rejected. For large modulation frequencies, the stability behavior can be described by either the method of averaging or an asymptotic resonant mode analysis. RP MURRAY, BT (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(93)90435-Y PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA KV499 UT WOS:A1993KV49900009 ER PT J AU STEINER, B TSENG, W COMAS, J LAOR, U DOBBYN, RG RAJAN, K AF STEINER, B TSENG, W COMAS, J LAOR, U DOBBYN, RG RAJAN, K TI DEFECT FORMATION IN SEMICONDUCTOR LAYERS DURING EPITAXIAL-GROWTH SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON CRYSTAL GROWTH ( ICCG-10 ) CY AUG 16-21, 1992 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP INT UNION CRYSTAL GROWTH, AIRTRON, AKZO, ALLIED SIGNAL, BERTRAM LABS, CERES, CLEVELAND CRYSTALS, CRYSTAL ASSOC, CRYSTAL SYST, CRYSTAL TECHNOL ID MONOCHROMATIC SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; DIFFRACTION IMAGING TOPOGRAPHY AB High resolution monochromatic synchrotron X-radiation diffraction images of several high quality multilayer systems suggest several factors in the establishment of irregularities in layered semiconducting crystals. The nucleation of extensive arrays of dislocations during uniform one micro meter layer deposition appears to depend not only on the extent of lattice mismatch and layer thickness but also on the regularity of the substrate. Propagation of arrays of mismatch dislocations appears to depend on the character of the unit cell. C1 NUCL RES CTR NEGEV,IL-84190 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST,TROY,NY 12180. RP STEINER, B (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD MAR PY 1993 VL 128 IS 1-4 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1016/0022-0248(93)90383-8 PN 1 PG 7 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA KU915 UT WOS:A1993KU91500098 ER PT J AU VENZ, S DICKENS, B AF VENZ, S DICKENS, B TI MODIFIED SURFACE-ACTIVE MONOMERS FOR ADHESIVE BONDING TO DENTIN SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH AB PMGDM, a PMDM-type adhesive monomer, was synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride and glycerol dimethacrylate. Only the para isomer of PMDM, a solid, is used in dental adhesives. The adhesive monomer PMGDM is a liquid and consists of a mixture of para- and meta isomers. This study shows that PMGDM has several advantages over PMDM. For example, the adhesive can be applied at a greater thickness, and additives and/or additional initiators for improved curing can be incorporated. Use of the liquid monomer PMGDM also provided a convenient means of varying the thickness of the adhesive layer between dentin and composite. The adhesive bonds were tested in both shear and tensile modes. PMDM was used as the control. The reliability of the bonds, as judged from the Weibull modulus and Weibull characteristic strength, was improved by (1) use of more concentrated solutions of PMGDM adhesive, (2) use of an adhesive thickness of about 25 mum, and (3) modification of PMGDM with a diluent monomer which is expected to enhance the degree of cure and/or the dentin-wetting properties of the adhesive resin. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV POLYMERS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP VENZ, S (reprint author), AMER DENT ASSOC,HLTH FDN,PAFFENBARGER RES CTR,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 72 IS 3 BP 582 EP 586 DI 10.1177/00220345930720030501 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA KQ783 UT WOS:A1993KQ78300005 PM 8383709 ER PT J AU TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR AF TANUMA, S POWELL, CJ PENN, DR TI USE OF SUM-RULES ON THE ENERGY-LOSS FUNCTION FOR THE EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL OPTICAL-DATA SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; CONSTANTS; 1216-A; 24-A; AL; AG; AU AB We present an evaluation of optical data for Al, Si, Ti, Mo, W, and Ir based on two sum rules for the energy-loss function, the familiar f-sum rule and another sum rule based on a limiting form of the Kramers-Kronig integral. These sum rules were used to evaluate sets of energy-loss function data constructed first from tabulated optical data which have been supplemented by interpolations in the 40-100 eV range for Ti, Mo, W, and Ir. A second set of energy-loss function data was constructed for each material by substituting energy-loss function values calculated from the optical data of Windt et al. (Appl. Opt., 27 (1988) 246, 279) in the 10-525 eV range. The deviations in the results of the sum-rule tests with the second set of optical data were about twice those found for the first set. We conclude that the first set of optical data is preferred over the second set. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NIPPON MIN CO LTD,ANAL RES CTR,TODA,SAITAMA 335,JAPAN. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 109 DI 10.1016/0368-2048(93)80008-A PG 15 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA KZ651 UT WOS:A1993KZ65100009 ER PT J AU JONES, WW AF JONES, WW TI MODELING SMOKE MOVEMENT THROUGH COMPARTMENTED STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39TH SAGAMORE ARMY MATERIALS RESEARCH CONF CY SEP 16-17, 1992 CL PLYMOUTH, MA RP JONES, WW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 11 IS 2 BP 172 EP 183 DI 10.1177/073490419301100206 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA KV027 UT WOS:A1993KV02700006 ER PT J AU SHECHTMAN, D HUTCHISON, JL ROBINS, LH FARABAUGH, EN FELDMAN, A AF SHECHTMAN, D HUTCHISON, JL ROBINS, LH FARABAUGH, EN FELDMAN, A TI GROWTH DEFECTS IN DIAMOND FILMS SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PHASE; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; BOUNDARIES; PARTICLES AB Growth defects in diamond films grown by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were studied by high resolution electron microscopy. Several features of the microstructure were resolved and their importance to the growth of the diamond film was evaluated. The observations included various twin boundaries of the type SIGMA = 3, as well as SIGMA = 9, SIGMA = 27, and SIGMA = 81, which form by an interaction of lower order twins. These higher order boundaries are loci of intersection points of growing planes on two adjacent twins and can serve as an indicator for the local crystal growth direction. The central nucleation site for the growing planes in many cases can be traced back to a quintuplet twin point. A twin quintuplet has five re-entrant angles and thus serves as a preferred nucleation site for new planes as the crystal grows. C1 TECHNION ISRAEL INST TECHNOL,DEPT MAT ENGN,IL-32000 HAIFA,ISRAEL. UNIV OXFORD,OXFORD,ENGLAND. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 9800 MC KNIGHT ROAD SUITE 327, PITTSBURGH, PA 15237 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 3 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1557/JMR.1993.0473 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA KQ748 UT WOS:A1993KQ74800010 ER PT J AU GOYAL, IC GALLAWA, RL GHATAK, AK AF GOYAL, IC GALLAWA, RL GHATAK, AK TI ACCURACY OF EIGENVALUES - A COMPARISON OF 2 METHODS SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-GUIDES; PLANAR AB The problem of estimating the eigenvalues lambda of the equation d2psi/dx2+lambdaf(x)psi(x)=0, where f(x) is smooth and positive in the interval [O,l] and the imposed boundary conditions are psi(O) = psi(l) = O is revisited, Two methods, the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method and Langer's method, which until very recently has been virtually ignored, are compared. The variational principle further improves the accuracy of the eigenvalues. The results obtained when the WKB and Langer's results are used as trial functions with the variational principle are also compared. Results are given in tabular form. The comparison shows that the Langer solution is the better of the two when the turning point [zero of f(x)] is close to the region of interest. If, however, the turning point is far from the region of interest, the two methods yield similar results. The reason for this is discussed. RP GOYAL, IC (reprint author), NBS,DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 34 IS 3 BP 1169 EP 1175 DI 10.1063/1.530192 PG 7 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA KT371 UT WOS:A1993KT37100022 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, V MARTIN, WC AF KAUFMAN, V MARTIN, WC TI WAVELENGTHS AND ENERGY-LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS FOR THE SPECTRA OF SULFUR (S-1 THROUGH S XVI) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS; ATOMIC IONS; ATOMIC SPECTRA; ATOMIC WAVELENGTHS; ATOMIC WAVE-NUMBERS; ENERGY-LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS; FORBIDDEN LINES; INFRARED WAVELENGTHS; INFRARED WAVE-NUMBERS; SULFUR; ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS; WAVELENGTH TABLES; WAVE-NUMBER TABLES AB Wavelengths and their classifications have been compiled for the spectra of the atom and all positive ions of sulfur (Z = 16). The selections of data are based on the compilations of energy levels by Martin, Zalubas, and Musgrove in 1990, with some updating from the more recent literature. Wavelengths (or wavenumbers) calculated from the differences of the energy levels are given along with the observed values for all classified lines; these calculated wavelengths should in general be more accurate than the observed values wherever the two values differ significantly. Calculated wavelengths are also given for a number of lines that have not yet been observed, including some important forbidden transitions. The most complete data are given in separate tables for the different spectra. No limitation has been imposed on the wavelength range of the classified lines, except for the omission of x-ray transitions in the neutral atom. Two finding lists are also included, one for S I through S III and the other for S IV through S XVI. RP KAUFMAN, V (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 279 EP 375 PG 97 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA KY562 UT WOS:A1993KY56200001 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, JS CROVETTO, R SENGERS, JMHL AF GALLAGHER, JS CROVETTO, R SENGERS, JMHL TI THE THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE CO2-H2O SYSTEM FROM 400-K TO 1000-K, UP TO 100 MPA AND 30-PERCENT MOLE FRACTION OF CO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE APPARENT MOLAR VOLUME; CARBON DIOXIDE; CORRESPONDING STATES; CRITICAL LINE; EQUATION OF STATE; EXCESS ENTHALPY; FUGACITY; HENRY CONSTANT; MIXTURE; PHASE BOUNDARIES; STEAM; VIRIAL COEFFICIENT; WATER AB A model is presented for the thermodynamic properties of the aqueous mixture of carbon dioxide, up to 30 mol% composition, in a large range of temperatures (400-1000 K) and pressures (0-100 MPa) around the critical point of water. The model for the Helmholtz free energy of the mixture is based on the principle of generalized corresponding states, with the NBS/NRC Steam Tables as the reference state for pure water. Input to the model are data for the critical line of the mixture, apparent molar volume and pVTx data in supercritical water, phase boundaries, excess enthalpies and mixture second virial coefficient data. Comparisons are presented with those data, with Henry's constants and with other formulations available for this system. Phase boundaries and tabulated values of molar volumes, enthalpies, and fugacities are presented along 35 isobars from 0.05 to 100 MPa, for four compositions, x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30, respectively, at 19 temperatures in the range of 400 to 1000 K. For the same pressures and temperatures, we also list the infinite-dilution (standard state) properties: partial molar volume, enthalpy, heat capacity and fugacity coefficient of the solute CO2. The Fortran codes for generating these properties are listed in Appendix B. RP GALLAGHER, JS (reprint author), US TECHNOL ADM,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,DIV THERMOPHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 431 EP 513 PG 83 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA KY562 UT WOS:A1993KY56200003 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, RN TEWARI, YB BELL, D FAZIO, K ANDERSON, E AF GOLDBERG, RN TEWARI, YB BELL, D FAZIO, K ANDERSON, E TI THERMODYNAMICS OF ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS .1. OXIDOREDUCTASES SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS; ENTHALPIES OF REACTION; ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS; EVALUATED DATA; OXIDOREDUCTASES AB Equilibrium constants and enthalpy changes for reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases have been compiled. For each reaction the following information is given: the reference for the data; the reaction studied; the name of the enzyme used and its Enzyme Commission number; the method of measurement; the conditions of measurement (temperature, pH, ionic strength, and the buffer(s) and cofactor(s) used); the data and an evaluation of it; and, sometimes, commentary on the data and on any corrections which have been applied to it. The thermodynamic conventions pertinent to the tabulation of equilibrium data are discussed. A distinction is made between those thermodynamic quantities which pertain to the overall biochemical reaction and those which pertain to a reference reaction that involves specific species. The data from 205 references have been examined and evaluated. Chemical Abstract Service Registry Numbers have been assigned to the substances involved in these various reactions. There is a cross reference between the substances and the Enzyme Commission numbers of the enzymes used to catalyze the reactions in which the substances participated. RP GOLDBERG, RN (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV BIOTECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 0 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 515 EP 579 PG 65 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA KY562 UT WOS:A1993KY56200004 ER PT J AU HARRISON, DE CRAIG, AP AF HARRISON, DE CRAIG, AP TI OCEAN MODEL STUDIES OF UPPER-OCEAN VARIABILITY AT 0-DEGREES, 160-DEGREES-W DURING THE 1982-1983 ENSO - LOCAL AND REMOTELY FORCED RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; WINDS; CURRENTS AB A hindcast of the 1982-1983 ENSO event using a primitive equation ocean circulation model forced by monthly mean wind stresses based on the SADLER pseudostress fields shows very good agreement with observations at 0-degrees, 159-degrees-W between June 1982 and March 1983. The hindcast experiment is analyzed to explore the processes that caused the large accelerations, decelerations, and thermal changes observed during this time. Several hindcast experiments incorporating variations of the SADLER wind field and several idealized experiments incorporating a western Pacific westerly wind event are analyzed and compared with the 1982-1983 SADLER hindcast to explore the importance of local and remote forcing, the relative importance of zonal and meridional wind stress changes, and the dynamical signatures of the processes at work. Meridional wind stress changes have little effect on either the zonal velocity or temperature fields. Local zonal wind stress variations can account for the qualitative changes in the upper-ocean zonal flow, but cannot reproduce the observed thermal changes or the timing and quantitative evolution of the zonal flow. Remote forcing is needed to account for these latter aspects of the observations. Eastward-propagating Kelvin response appears to be quite important, but westward-propagating Rossby variance forced during 1982 from east of 160-degrees-W does not appear to play any significant role. The idealized remote-forcing experiments indicate that westerly events can account for the variability not explained by local forcing; the essential aspect is how the forcing projects onto the vertical modes defined by the stratification under the forcing at the time of the wind event. Modes higher than the first and second can be strongly forced and the sum over modes produces vertical structures in the near field of the forcing similar to those observed. Simple linear Kelvin mode ideas thus are useful for understanding the response to remotely forced variability. However, nonlinear processes affect the quantitative response, both by changing the stratification under the forcing region as the forcing event proceeds (and thereby altering the modal projection of the forcing) and through zonal advection and interaction between the response and the background mean flow. The dynamical balance of terms for zonal momentum in the SADLER hindcast is quite complex and the difficulty of identifying remote forcing from the balance of terms, even during periods when remote forcing is the primary agent of change, is discussed. This detailed study of a particularly interesting period of equatorial flow and thermal variability illustrates the many processes at work on the equator in the central Pacific during periods of substantial local and remote wind stress variability. It also illustrates some of the challenges that might be encountered in interpreting the results of an oceanic local dynamics experiment under conditions like these. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH OCEANOG,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP HARRISON, DE (reprint author), NOAA,PACIFIC MARINE ENVIRONM LAB,R,E,PM,BLDG 3,BIN C15700,SEATTLE,WA 98115, USA. RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 425 EP 451 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0425:OMSOUO>2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KT610 UT WOS:A1993KT61000002 ER PT J AU BLAAUW, M LINDSTROM, RM AF BLAAUW, M LINDSTROM, RM TI LOCAL AREA NETWORKS IN NAA - ADVANTAGES AND PITFALLS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY-ARTICLES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONF ON MODERN TRENDS IN ACTIVATION ANALYSIS ( MTAA 8 ) CY SEP 16-20, 1991 CL AUSTRIA SP AUSTRIAN SOC ENVIRONM & RADIOCHEM, INT ATOM ENERGY AGCY AB Both at IRI and at NIST, Local Area Networks (LANs) are being used to acquire and process data from multiple gamma-ray spectrometers. In this paper, differences and similarities between three systems are discussed, resulting in recommendations for new systems to be set up. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV INORGAN ANALYT RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP BLAAUW, M (reprint author), DELFT UNIV TECHNOL,INTERFAC REACTOR INST,MEKELWEG 15,2629 JB DELFT,NETHERLANDS. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOAN NUCL CH AR JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.-Artic. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 169 IS 2 BP 443 EP 452 DI 10.1007/BF02043001 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA KX898 UT WOS:A1993KX89800019 ER PT J AU DJUROVIC, S ROBERTS, JR SOBOLEWSKI, MA OLTHOFF, JK AF DJUROVIC, S ROBERTS, JR SOBOLEWSKI, MA OLTHOFF, JK TI ABSOLUTE SPATIALLY-RESOLVED AND TEMPORALLY-RESOLVED OPTICAL-EMISSION MEASUREMENTS OF RF GLOW-DISCHARGES IN ARGON SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARGON; DISCHARGE; GASEOUS ELECTRONICS; OPTICAL EMISSION; PLASMA; RF; SPATIAL PROFILE; TEMPORAL DEPENDENCE ID CONTINUUM MODEL; FREQUENCY; PLASMA; MHZ AB Spatially- and temporally-resolved measurements of optical emission intensities are presented from rf discharges in argon over a wide range of pressures (6.7 to 133 Pa) and applied rf voltages (75 to 200 V). Results of measurements of emission intensities are presented for both an atomic transition (Ar I, 750.4 nm) and an ionic transition (Ar II, 434.8 nm). The absolute scale of these optical emissions has been determined by comparison with the optical emission from a calibrated standard lamp. All measurements were made in a well-defined rf reactor. They provide detailed characterization of local time-resolved plasma conditions suitable for the comparison with results from other experiments and theoretical models. These measurements represent a new level of detail in diagnostic measurements of rf plasmas, and provide insight into the electron transport properties of rf discharges. C1 INST PHYS, YU-21000 NOVI SAD, YUGOSLAVIA. RP DJUROVIC, S (reprint author), NIST, DIV ELECTR, ELECTR & ELECT ENGN LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 159 EP 180 DI 10.6028/jres.098.012 PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100001 PM 28053464 ER PT J AU FAHR, A BRAUN, W KURYLO, MJ AF FAHR, A BRAUN, W KURYLO, MJ TI OPTIMIZING COMPLEX KINETICS EXPERIMENTS USING LEAST-SQUARES METHODS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CH3O3; COMPUTER MODELING; COMPLEX GAS PHASE KINETICS; FREE RADICALS; HO2; LEAST SQUARES; OPTIMIZATION; SIMULATED DATA ID GAS-PHASE; DISPROPORTIONATION REACTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; CH3O2 RADICALS; RATE-CONSTANT; HO2; PROGRAM AB Complex kinetic problems are generally modeled employing numerical integration routines. Our kinetics modeling program, Acuchem, has been modified to fit rate constants and absorption coefficients generically to real or synthesized ''laboratory data'' via a least-squares iterative procedure written for personal computers. To test the model and method of analysis the self- and cross-combination reactions of HO2 and CH3O2 radicals of importance in atmospheric chemistry are examined. These radicals as well as other species absorb ultraviolet radiation. The resultant absorption signal is measured in the laboratory and compared with a modeled signal to obtain the best-fit to various kinetic parameters. The modified program generates synthetic data with added random noise. An analysis of the synthetic data leads to an optimization of the experimental design and best-values for certain rate constants and absorption coefficients. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE, NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 USA. RP FAHR, A (reprint author), NIST, DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODY AM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI Kurylo, Michael/H-2201-2012 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.6028/jres.098.013 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100002 PM 28053465 ER PT J AU KOHL, ML LEVINE, J AF KOHL, ML LEVINE, J TI MEASURING LOW-FREQUENCY TILTS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BOREHOLE TILTMETER; PENDULUM; TILT TIDES ID BOREHOLE TILTMETERS; STRAIN; DISPLACEMENT AB A borehole tiltmeter with a sensitivity of a few nanoradians is described. It is composed of two orthogonal horizontal pendulums with free periods of 1 s. The pendulums are insensitive to barometric pressure fluctuations, and the measured temperature coefficient is less than 30 nrad/degrees-C. The range of the pendulums is about +/- 5 murad, and their response is linear within 1% and stable over several years. The performance of the tiltmeter in the field was evaluated using tidal data obtained from a closely spaced array of boreholes in Southern California. The long-term stability of the tiltmeter is generally better than 1 murad/yr. The data also indicate that instruments in boreholes at least 24 m deep are independent of surface effects. Several different capsules designed to couple the instrument to the surrounding material have been tested. In addition, an experimental method for estimating the magnitudes of local perturbation in the regional tilt field is described. C1 NIST, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RP KOHL, ML (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.6028/jres.098.014 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100003 PM 28053466 ER PT J AU YOUNG, M HALE, PD MECHELS, SE AF YOUNG, M HALE, PD MECHELS, SE TI OPTICAL-FIBER GEOMETRY - ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF CLADDING DIAMETER SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CRITICAL DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS; GRAY SCALE MEASUREMENT; INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE; MICROMETER; MICROSCOPE; OPTICAL FIBER; OPTICAL FIBER GEOMETRY; SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; VIDEO MICROSCOPE AB We have developed three instruments for accurate measurement of optical fiber cladding diameter: a contact micrometer, a scanning confocal microscope, and a white-light interference microscope. Each instrument has an estimated uncertainty (3 standard deviations) of 50 nm or less, but the confocal microscope may display a 20 nm systematic error as well. The micrometer is used to generate Standard Reference Materials that are commercially available. RP YOUNG, M (reprint author), NIST, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.6028/jres.098.015 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100004 PM 28053467 ER PT J AU DOIRON, T AF DOIRON, T TI DRIFT ELIMINATING DESIGNS FOR NONSIMULTANEOUS COMPARISON CALIBRATIONS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CALIBRATION DESIGN; COMPARISON; DRIFT ELIMINATING; LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS; METROLOGY AB The effects of drift on calibrations carried out by comparison have been studied at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for many years, and a number of strategies have been introduced to combat these effects. One strategy, the use of comparison designs which are inherently immune to linear drift, was developed specifically for mass comparison measurements. These techniques, developed for simultaneous comparisons, are extended to the case of non-simultaneous comparisons, such as gage block calibrations, where each artifact is measured separately, and the comparison is made mathematically from the individual measurements. RP DOIRON, T (reprint author), NIST, DIV PRECIS ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.6028/jres.098.016 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100005 PM 28053468 ER PT J AU KU, H SCHAEFER, F VALKIERS, S DEBIEVRE, P AF KU, H SCHAEFER, F VALKIERS, S DEBIEVRE, P TI A 3-RATIO SCHEME FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ISOTOPIC-RATIOS OF SILICON SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATOMIC WEIGHT OF SILICON; ISOTOPE RATIOS; MASS SPECTROMETER; MEASUREMENT SCHEME; REDUNDANCY; SYMMETRY AB This paper proposes a scheme of measurement sequences that has been used for the redetermination of the molar mass (atomic weight) of silicon at the Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements (now Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements). This scheme avoids correlations among the measured ratios caused by normalizing all ion current measurements to that of the largest ion current. It also provides additional information for checking on the consistency of these ratios within a cycle of scans. Measurements of isotope abundance ratios of silicon are used as an illustration. C1 COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, INST REFERENCE MAT & MEASUREMENTS, B-2400 GEEL, BELGIUM. UNIV BREMEN, W-2800 BREMEN 33, GERMANY. HIK TECH COLL, GEEL, BELGIUM. STATE UNIV GHENT, B-9000 GHENT, BELGIUM. UNIV INSTELLING ANTWERP, B-2610 WILRIJK, BELGIUM. RP KU, H (reprint author), NIST, DIV STAT ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.6028/jres.098.017 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100006 PM 28053469 ER PT J AU MIELENZ, KD AF MIELENZ, KD TI WOLF SHIFTS AND THEIR PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CLASSICAL OPTICS; COHERENCE THEORY; CONSERVATION OF ENERGY; CORRELATION-INDUCED SPECTRAL CHANGES; DIFFRACTION; INTERFERENCE; PROPAGATION OF LIGHT; RADIOMETRY; SPECTRAL INVARIANCE; SPECTRAL PRESERVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; WOLF SHIFTS ID PARTIALLY COHERENT-LIGHT; SPECTRUM; RADIOMETRY; PROPAGATION; REDSHIFTS AB This paper attempts to reconcile conflicting points of view of laboratory physicists and coherence theorists on correlation-induced spectral changes arising from the partial coherence of primary and secondary light sources. It is shown that, under normal laboratory conditions and in the Fraunhofer approximation, the directional spectrum of light does not change on propagation in free space, and that each frequency component of the total spectrum is preserved in accordance with the principle of energy conservation. It is demonstrated, and illustrated by examples, that descriptions of diffraction by the theory of partial coherence and by classical wave optics are fully equivalent for incoherent primary sources. A statistical approach is essential, and coherence theory is required, for partially coherent primary sources. C1 US DEPT COMMERCE, TECHNOL ADM, NIST, DIV RADIOMETR PHYS, WASHINGTON, DC 20230 USA. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.6028/jres.098.018 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100007 PM 28053470 ER PT J AU STALICK, JK AF STALICK, JK TI ACCURACY IN POWDER DIFFRACTION-II - A REPORT ON THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL-CONFERENCE GAITHERSBURG, MD MAY 26-29, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP STALICK, JK (reprint author), NIST, DIV REACTOR RADIAT, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.6028/jres.098.019 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100008 PM 28053471 ER PT J AU SWYT, DA AF SWYT, DA TI METROLOGICAL ISSUES IN PRECISION-TOLERANCE MANUFACTURING - A REPORT OF A NIST INDUSTRY-NEEDS WORKSHOP GAITHERSBURG, MD AUGUST 11-12, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP SWYT, DA (reprint author), NIST, DIV PRECIS ENGN, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.6028/jres.098.020 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100009 PM 28053472 ER PT J AU FRANZEN, DL DAY, GW AF FRANZEN, DL DAY, GW TI SYMPOSIUM ON OPTICAL-FIBER MEASUREMENTS BOULDER, CO SEPTEMBER 15-17, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP FRANZEN, DL (reprint author), NIST, DIV ELECTROMAGNET TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 253 EP 255 DI 10.6028/jres.098.021 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100010 PM 28053473 ER PT J AU LENNON, EB AF LENNON, EB TI NORTH-AMERICAN INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK (ISDN) USERS FORUM (NIUF) GAITHERSBURG, MD OCTOBER 26-30, 1992 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP LENNON, EB (reprint author), NIST, COMP SYST LAB, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 98 IS 2 BP 257 EP 259 DI 10.6028/jres.098.022 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LD261 UT WOS:A1993LD26100011 PM 28053474 ER PT J AU CHEN, BH WONGNG, W EICHHORN, BW AF CHEN, BH WONGNG, W EICHHORN, BW TI PREPARATION OF NEW BA4M3S10 PHASES (M = ZR, HF) AND SINGLE-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF BA4ZR3S10 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID K2NIF4 C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP CHEN, BH (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCONDUCT RES,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 103 IS 1 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1006/jssc.1993.1080 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KV216 UT WOS:A1993KV21600009 ER PT J AU MANDEL, J AF MANDEL, J TI OUTLIERS IN INTERLABORATORY TESTING SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE INTERLABORATORY TESTING; OUTLIERS; REJECTION; REPEATABILITY; REPRODUCIBILITY AB The widespread practice of rejecting outliers on the basis of statistical tests of significance is shown to accomplish nothing in terms of finding the causes for discrepancies. A graphical procedure, based on the h-statistic and the k-statistic, is shown to provide a vivid picture of the biases and the internal precisions of the participating laboratories. It is highly recommended that the analysis of the data be followed by an investigation of causes of outliers and thereby lead to improvements in repeatability and reproducibility. RP MANDEL, J (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 21 IS 2 BP 132 EP 135 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA LB485 UT WOS:A1993LB48500007 ER PT J AU ZHOU, G BINTZ, L ANDERSON, DZ BRIGHT, KE AF ZHOU, G BINTZ, L ANDERSON, DZ BRIGHT, KE TI A LIFE-SIZED PHYSICAL MODEL OF THE HUMAN COCHLEA WITH OPTICAL HOLOGRAPHIC READOUT SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BASILAR-MEMBRANE; VIBRATION AB A life-sized physical model of the human cochlea is demonstrated. The model consists of two fluid-filled chambers separated by a polymer membrane and connected through a small hole that serves the same functional purpose as the helicotrema. The dimensions of the two chambers were made identical to those of scala vestibuli and scala tympani in the real cochlea. The membrane's width and length are the same as the values measured for the biological basilar membranes, and its thickness is chosen to give it appropriate rigidity. A piezoelectric transducer drives the system via an elastic window (acting as the oval window) on one side of the scala vestibuli. The resulting vibration pattern on the basilar membrane is investigated with an optical novelty filter, with detection sensitivity of 0.3 angstrom at 2 kHz with a 1-Hz bandwidth. The overall response of this model is found to be a good extrapolation of Bekesy's low-frequency data. However, the tuning curves of this model are not as sharp as those found by Rhode, Johnstone, and others from the in vivo measurements. Possible implications of these results are discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT COMMUN DISORDERS & SPEECH SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ZHOU, G (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1516 EP 1523 DI 10.1121/1.406809 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA KR974 UT WOS:A1993KR97400034 PM 8473604 ER PT J AU CHARNOTSKII, MI AF CHARNOTSKII, MI TI ANISOPLANATIC SHORT-EXPOSURE IMAGING IN TURBULENCE SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID MEDIA; TERM AB A conventional approach to short-exposure imaging through the turbulent atmosphere is generalized to imaging of nonisoplanatic objects. A new approximate formula for a short-exposure modulation transfer function is obtained, based on the path-integral representation of the field in a random medium. This formula is free of some of the drawbacks of previous approximations and describes the influence of diffraction effects and medium fluctuation distribution along the propagation path. Results of computation of short-exposure structure functions and short-exposure modulation transfer functions are presented. C1 NOAA,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV COLORADO,NOAA,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 10 IS 3 BP 492 EP 501 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.10.000492 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA KM867 UT WOS:A1993KM86700011 ER PT J AU GRABBE, A AF GRABBE, A TI DOUBLE-LAYER INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SILYLATED SILICA SURFACES SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FORCES; SAPPHIRE; MICA AB Data are presented for the free energy of interaction mediated by water between silica surfaces which have been silylated with (gamma-aminopropyl)dimethylethoxysilane. The measured interactions are of classical DLVO type, with no hydration force evident. Measurements of silylated silica interacting with untreated silica in water indicate an opposite sign of charge between these surfaces and do not exhibit hydration forces. Comparison of the data with theoretical calculations using fully retarded van der Waals interactions and the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation indicates that the amino-functional surfaces exhibit charge regulation behavior, a model for which is presented. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CERAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 BP 797 EP 801 DI 10.1021/la00027a032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA KU388 UT WOS:A1993KU38800032 ER PT J AU TURNER, JT TESTER, PA STRICKLER, JR AF TURNER, JT TESTER, PA STRICKLER, JR TI ZOOPLANKTON FEEDING ECOLOGY - A CINEMATOGRAPHIC STUDY OF ANIMAL-TO-ANIMAL VARIABILITY IN THE FEEDING-BEHAVIOR OF CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CENTROPAGES-HAMATUS; TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT; EUCALANUS-PILEATUS; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; COPEPOD; CURRENTS; CAPTURE; RATES AB Cinematography of the feeding behavior of five adult female Calanus finmarchicus revealed considerable individual variation in time allocation to three types of behavior: ''slow swim,'' in which only feeding appendages were moving, ''jump,'' in which first antennae and posterior swimming legs were moving, and ''break,'' in which no appendages were moving. Filming was done at three different concentrations of unialgal cultures and in filtered seawater. Animal-to-animal variation within given food concentrations was significant (alpha = 0.0 1, t-test). The significant differences (alpha = 0.0 1, Cochran's Q-test) in mean responses to different food concentrations were complicated by high individual animal variability within food concentrations. Behavioral transitions per minute, and durations of individual periods of slow swimming and break were similarly variable. There was no relation between time spent feeding and concentration of food. We conclude that cinematographic techniques can precisely determine behavioral time allocation, but that sufficient replication must be performed. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,CTR MARINE SCI & TECHNOL,DARTMOUTH,MA 02747. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,BEAUFORT,NC 28516. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR GREAT LAKES STUDIES,MILWAUKEE,WI 53205. RP TURNER, JT (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT BIOL,DARTMOUTH,MA 02747, USA. RI Strickler, J. Rudi/A-8926-2009 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 255 EP 264 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LD675 UT WOS:A1993LD67500001 ER PT J AU MCKEE, BA TODD, JF AF MCKEE, BA TODD, JF TI URANIUM BEHAVIOR IN A PERMANENTLY ANOXIC FJORD - MICROBIAL CONTROL SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Note ID OXIDATION-STATE; MICROORGANISMS; BIOSORPTION; BASIN AB Uranium contamination of groundwaters resulting from U mining activities and the leakage of nuclear waste from storage facilities is a growing concern. In Framvaren Fjord (southern Norway), dissolved U-238 concentrations at the bacterial maximum layer (24 m), which is situated a few meters below the oxic-anoxic (i.e. oxygen-hydrogen sulfide) interface (18 m), are observed to be approximately 60% lower than concentrations above and below this depth. Removal of U occurs well below the depth at which Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides are precipitated and under conditions inconsistent with abiological reduction of soluble U(VI) to particle-reactive U(IV). Our observations suggest that the microbial population in the anoxic waters near the O2-H2S interface in the fjord exerts an effective control on the aquatic biogeochemistry of U in this environment. C1 NOAA,OFF GLOBAL PROGRAMS,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910. RP MCKEE, BA (reprint author), LOUISIANA UNIV,CTR MARINE,MARINE CONSORTIUM,8124 HIGHWAY 56,COCODRIE,LA 70344, USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPH PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 38 IS 2 BP 408 EP 414 PG 7 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA LD675 UT WOS:A1993LD67500014 ER PT J AU MAYES, AM JOHNSON, RD RUSSELL, TP SMITH, SD SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF MAYES, AM JOHNSON, RD RUSSELL, TP SMITH, SD SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI DISTRIBUTIONS OF CHAIN ENDS AND JUNCTION POINTS IN ORDERED BLOCK COPOLYMERS SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SURFACE; CONFORMATION; MORPHOLOGY; POLYMER; FILMS AB Chain configurations in ordered symmetric poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers were examined by neutron reflectivity. In a thin-film geometry the copolymers organize into lamellar microdomains oriented parallel to the substrate surface. The copolymers were synthesized with small fractions of deuterated segments at either the chain ends or centers. This selective labeling permitted characterization of the spatial distribution of chain ends and junction points normal to the plane of the film. From the reflectivity analysis, the junction points are found to be confined to the PS/PMMA interfacial regions. The chain ends, however, are well distributed through their respective domains, exhibiting only a weak maximum in concentration at the center of the domains. C1 IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,650 HARRY RD,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,CINCINNATI,OH 45239. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1052 DI 10.1021/ma00057a026 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA KP770 UT WOS:A1993KP77000026 ER PT J AU SNYDER, K AF SNYDER, K TI A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY OF CONCRETE - DISCUSSION SO MAGAZINE OF CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Discussion RP SNYDER, K (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BLDG & FIRE RES LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON, ENGLAND E14 4JD SN 0024-9831 J9 MAG CONCRETE RES JI Mag. Concr. Res. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 45 IS 162 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA KW972 UT WOS:A1993KW97200010 ER PT J AU WAINRIGHT, SC FOGARTY, MJ GREENFIELD, RC FRY, B AF WAINRIGHT, SC FOGARTY, MJ GREENFIELD, RC FRY, B TI LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE GEORGES BANK FOOD WEB - TRENDS IN STABLE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS OF FISH SCALES SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TROPHIC DYNAMICS; CARBON; ATLANTIC; SEA; FRACTIONATION; PLANKTON; RESUSPENSION; ZOOPLANKTON; C-13/C-12 AB Fish scales from seven species of demersal fish in an archival collection were analyzed for stable isotopic compositions of carbon and nitrogen to study long-term changes in trophic structure of the Georges Bank food web. Nitrogen isotopic compositions are often used to infer trophic level. In the case of haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus), there was a trend towards feeding at 2/3 of one trophic level (2.45 parts per thousand in deltaN-15) lower in 1987 than in 1929. Values of deltaC-13, frequently employed to identify sources of organic carbon to consumers, declined by 1.5 parts per thousand from 1929 to 1960, and then increased again toward the present, suggesting changes in the food web at the level of the primary producers. Superimposed on long-term isotopic trends were short-term variations (1 to 10 yr). To identify potential causes for these isotopic trends, canonical correlation analysis was performed between isotopic data and a suite of environmental and population factors including sea surface temperature, the Greenland Regional Pressure Anomaly (GRPA), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the following haddock stock parameters; stock size, fishing mortality, recruitment, and weight-at-age-2 (a measure of growth rate). Isotopic variation was significantly correlated with a combination of environmental and population variables: GRPA, NAO, weight-at-age-2, stock size, and fishing mortality. On the basis of published gut content analyses, the seven fish species were predicted to vary in trophic level (TL) from American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides Fabricius), (TL 2.9) to summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus), (TL 4.5), whereas measured deltaN-15 values suggested smaller differences in the trophic levels of these species (less than one TL). Four species showed good agreement between gut-predicted and measured deltaN-15 values, while three species did not. Inclusion of information on ontogenetic dietary shifts in our predictions improved the agreement in some cases but not in others. Differences between stable isotope analysis and gut content analysis in terms of what they measure, i.e., integrated assimilated diet vs short-term ingested diet, respectively, may account for some of the differences in results. Based on our analyses and previous studies, feeding habits of these fish may undergo considerable year-to-year and geographic variation, some of which may have been missed in gut-content analyses. To the extent that these fish are representative members of the food web, trophic variation in these fish may indicate more general changes in the food web. C1 MARINE BIOL LAB,CTR ECOSYST,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NOAA,NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. NR 61 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 115 IS 3 BP 481 EP 493 DI 10.1007/BF00349847 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA KV281 UT WOS:A1993KV28100017 ER PT J AU ENGEL, DW BROUWER, M MCKENNA, S AF ENGEL, DW BROUWER, M MCKENNA, S TI HEMOCYANIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MARINE CRUSTACEANS AS A FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; BLUE-CRAB; COPPER; METALLOTHIONEIN; GLUTATHIONE; LOBSTER; HYPOXIA AB A variety of physiological and biochemical measures have been proposed in the literature as indicators of environmental quality. Here we report studies which were designed to determine if hemolymph hemocyanin concentrations in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus could be correlated with environmental water quality. To this end hemocyanin concentrations were measured in hemolymph of blue crabs collected from North Carolina, Florida, and Texas, USA. Blue crabs from isolated estuarine systems in eastern North Carolina (i.e. Albemarle/Pamlico Sound area) had significantly lower concentrations of hemocyanin in their hemolymph than crabs from reference areas (i.e. Core and Currituck Sounds). These lower concentrations could be correlated with reduced dissolved oxygen and chronic hypoxia, but not with any known sources of anthropogenic contamination. Among crabs from Tampa Bay (Florida) and the Houston (Texas) Ship Channel there was a negative correlation between the degree of industrialization and organic contaminants in the digestive gland and sediments and hemocyanin concentration. In the Houston Ship Channel decreased dissolved oxygen confounded the possible correlation with contaminants. In all areas sampled, lower concentrations of hemocyanin were not correlated with either the apparent health or sex of the crabs or with salinity. C1 DUKE UNIV, MARINE LAB, MARINE BIOMED CTR, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES, DIV MARINE FISHERIES, WASHINGTON, NC 27889 USA. RP ENGEL, DW (reprint author), NOAA, NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV, SE FISHERIES SCI CTR, BEAUFORT LAB, 101 PIVERS ISL RD, BEAUFORT, NC 28516 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 93 IS 3 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.3354/meps093235 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA KW968 UT WOS:A1993KW96800004 ER PT J AU OSTENSO, NA AF OSTENSO, NA TI DOHERTY LECTURE - IT IS NOT JUST THE GLOBAL CLIMATE THAT IS CHANGING SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Note RP OSTENSO, NA (reprint author), NOAA,SILVER SPRING,MD 20910, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O I CLAYION MATTHEWS, 1828 L ST, NW, 9TH FL, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1 BP 76 EP 79 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA LH924 UT WOS:A1993LH92400009 ER PT J AU JAIN, K EHRLICH, C HOUCK, J SHARMA, JKN AF JAIN, K EHRLICH, C HOUCK, J SHARMA, JKN TI INTERCOMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVE AREAS OF A PNEUMATIC PISTON GAUGE DETERMINED BY DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE; RANGE AB A variety of primary measurement techniques is now available for the measurement of pressure to 1 MPa and above. To ascertain the systematic uncertainty, if any, which exists in the measured pressure using the individual techniques, it is best to perform direct intercomparisons of primary instruments. However, when direct intercomparison is not possible, the next best alternative is to use a highly stable, reproducible transfer artifact such as a simple piston gauge. Such intercomparisons are described here, utilizing a piston gauge calibrated by a mercury manometer (with 0.1 MPa full-scale pressure), four large diameter 'dimensional' piston gauges from two different manufacturers (all with 1 MPa full-scale pressure), and a controlled clearance piston gauge (with 7 MPa full-scale pressure). The area ratio derived from dimensional measurements on two of the large diameter gauges, when compared with the ratio obtained from measurements traceable to a manometer, agrees within 1 part per million (ppm). For one of the large diameter piston gauges, the area value obtained from the manometer agrees within 3 ppm with its dimensional area, and within 10 ppm with the value obtained by its direct calibration against the controlled clearance piston gauge. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, DIV THERMOPHYS, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RP NATL PHYS LAB, DIV PRESSURE & VACUUM, NEW DELHI 110012, INDIA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 4 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/4/3/001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA KQ496 UT WOS:A1993KQ49600001 ER PT J AU IDE, JP BAYER, H JONES, RN DEVREEDE, JPM SOMLO, PI AF IDE, JP BAYER, H JONES, RN DEVREEDE, JPM SOMLO, PI TI INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF IMPEDANCE IN COAXIAL LINE AT 100, 200 AND 300 MHZ SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB An international comparison of impedance measuring systems has been carried out between the following laboratories: NPL (United Kingdom), NIST (United States of America), PTB (Federal Republic of Germany), CSIRO (Australia) and VSL (the Netherlands), with the NPL acting as pilot laboratory. Eight items covering a range of conductance and capacitance values, all fitted with G900 precision 14 mm connectors, were measured at 100, 200 and 300 MHz. The results presented in this paper show excellent agreement within the quoted uncertainty limits for most items and frequencies. The comparison was sponsored by the Radio Frequency Working Group (GT-RF) of the Comite Consultatif d'Electricite (CCE) of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and was identified by the reference GT-RF/78-11. C1 NETHERLAND MEASUREMENT INST,VAN SWINDEN LAB,DELFT,NETHERLANDS. CSIRO,DIV APPL PHYS,LINDFIELD,NSW 2070,AUSTRALIA. PHYS TECH BUNDESANSTALT,W-3300 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTROMAGNET FIELDS,BOULDER,CO. RP IDE, JP (reprint author), DEF RES AGCY,NATL PHYS LAB,GREAT MALVERN,ENGLAND. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD MAR PY 1993 VL 30 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/30/1/006 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA LB072 UT WOS:A1993LB07200007 ER PT J AU MAY, PT WILCZAK, JM AF MAY, PT WILCZAK, JM TI DIURNAL AND SEASONAL-VARIATIONS OF BOUNDARY-LAYER STRUCTURE OBSERVED WITH A RADAR WIND PROFILER AND RASS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SUMMER; FLOW AB A wind profiler-radio acoustic sounding system at Denver collected hourly wind and virtual-temperature data through the boundary layer in the latter half of 1989. Analyzed monthly averages of 24-h time-height cross sections of the daily measurements show a number of significant features. The growth of the nocturnal temperature inversion is observed, followed by a rapid transition to a deep daytime mixed layer. The progression from a strong diurnal temperature signal in the summer to weak diurnal variability in the winter is documented. A mean upslope wind component is found in the middle-to-late afternoon in the summer and autumn months, with a reverse, return flow aloft. Boundary-layer winds show a strong inertial oscillation, with the phase closely following the diurnal heating cycle. Perturbation winds in the return-flow region aloft oscillate almost 180-degrees out of phase with the boundary-layer winds. C1 NOAA,ERL,WAVE PROPAGAT LAB,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP MAY, PT (reprint author), BUR METEOROL RES CTR,GPO BOX 1289K,MELBOURNE,VIC 3001,AUSTRALIA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 3 BP 673 EP 682 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0673:DASVOB>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KQ093 UT WOS:A1993KQ09300004 ER PT J AU DAVIESJONES, R AF DAVIESJONES, R TI USEFUL FORMULAS FOR COMPUTING DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND THEIR ERRORS FROM 3 OR MORE STATIONS SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WIND AB Given wind data from three noncollinear observing stations, divergence and vorticity can be computed very efficiently by fitting a linear velocity field to the observed wind components. The four wind gradients and the four kinematic quantities (divergence, vorticity, and stretching and shearing deformation) can be expressed as simple algebraic functions of the station coordinates and the observed wind components. Computation of all eight quantities requires only 31 arithmetic operations. All the methods for computing divergence from three stations (linear fitting, Bellamy's graphical method, the line-integral method, and the linear vector point function method) are shown to be equivalent. The fitting method is extended to a six-station network, using a quadratic velocity field to fit the data. Apart from the inversion of a 6 x 6 matrix, which needs to be performed only once for a fixed network geometry, the solution is again simple. It is shown that the 6 x 6 matrix is singular when the stations all lie on a conic section. For an n-sided (n > 3) polygon of stations, simple formulas for divergence and the other quantities are obtained from the generalized, piecewise-linear, Bellamy, and line-integral methods, which again are found to be equivalent. Also presented are least-squares solutions for both the linear and quadratic fitting methods for networks with more than three and six stations, respectively. Apart from the elements of the square matrices and column vectors being summations instead of individual-station quantities, the least-squares solutions have the same form as the exact ones. Simplified versions of the formulas are presented for networks configured in the form of regular polygons with an interior station at the center included to eliminate the singularity of the quadratic method. In this special case, the 6 x 6 matrix can be inverted analytically. For such networks, all the methods give the same value of mean divergence, which is independent of the central observation. Tests involving observations from two particular networks of an analytical wind field show that the computed divergence is a much better estimate of the mean divergence over the network than of the divergence at the centroid. The general simplicity of the analytical formulas for the derived quantities permits analysis of errors due to random wind observing errors. Truncation errors also are discussed. RP DAVIESJONES, R (reprint author), NOAA,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 3 BP 713 EP 725 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0713:UFFCDV>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KQ093 UT WOS:A1993KQ09300007 ER PT J AU QIU, CJ BAO, JW QIN, X AF QIU, CJ BAO, JW QIN, X TI IS THE MASS SINK DUE TO PRECIPITATION NEGLIGIBLE SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note AB The significance of mass sinks (or sources) due to precipitation (or evaporation) is examined using numerical experiments performed with the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model. The results show that the effect of mass sinks (or sources) can have a significant impact on numerical simulations of heavy precipitation. When this effect is ignored, as is commonly done in most global and regional weather prediction models, precipitation is reduced in the model. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA,NOAA,COOPERAT INST MESOSCALE METEOROL STUDIES,100 E BOYD,ROOM 1110,NORMAN,OK 73019. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIV PK,PA 16802. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 3 BP 853 EP 857 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0853:ITMSDT>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KQ093 UT WOS:A1993KQ09300017 ER PT J AU BROWN, RA AF BROWN, RA TI A COMPOSITING APPROACH FOR PRESERVING SIGNIFICANT FEATURES IN ATMOSPHERIC PROFILES SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Note ID SUPERCELL STORMS; FLOW AB Composite profiles of thermodynamic and kinematic variables are prepared to represent the characteristics of the environment within which a particular atmospheric phenomenon occurs. During the averaging process, it is desirable to retain the dominant features and associated gradients found in the individual profiles so that representative values of quantities such as flux parameters, energy budgets, convective available potential energy, and various stability indices can be computed from the composite profiles. The conventional compositing approach, where averages are computed at common heights, reduces or even smooths out a significant feature when the height and vertical extent of the feature differ from one individual profile to the next. To retain a desirable feature in the composite profile, it is necessary to compute averages at the heights where the feature occurs and to compute the average height of the feature itself. As an example of the capabilities of this scaling or feature-preserving approach, the technique was applied to a set of 33 hodographs from supercell thunderstorm environments as documented in the literature. The feature-preserving technique retained realistic wind-shear values, including a midaltitude minimum-shear layer that disappeared when the conventional compositing technique was used. RP BROWN, RA (reprint author), NOAA,ENVIRONM RES LABS,NATL SEVERE STORMS LAB,1313 HALLEY CIRCLE,NORMAN,OK 73069, USA. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 121 IS 3 BP 874 EP 880 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<0874:ACAFPS>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA KQ093 UT WOS:A1993KQ09300020 ER PT J AU HAPIOT, P NETA, P PINSON, J ROLANDO, C SCHNEIDER, S AF HAPIOT, P NETA, P PINSON, J ROLANDO, C SCHNEIDER, S TI ELECTROCHEMICAL AND RADIOLYTIC MECHANISTIC STUDIES ON THE PRIMARY STEP OF PHENOL COUPLING INVOLVED IN LIGNIFICATION SO NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MODEL QUINONE METHIDES; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; SELECTIVE OXIDANT; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ANODIC-OXIDATION; AZIDE RADICALS; RAMAN-SPECTRUM; LIGNIN; SUBSTITUTION AB In order to bring some light on the key step in lignin biosynthesis, the oxidation mechanism of coniferyl alcohol analogues was studied by different electrochemical and radiolytic methods. The primary step of this process involves the formation of phenoxyl radicals. The one electron oxidation standard potentials E-degrees of the phenolate anion/phenoxyl radical couples were directly measured in acetonitrile using fast linear sweep voltammetry on ultramicroelectrodes. Radicals were also characterized by their UV spectra obtained from pulse radiolysis experiments. These radicals were shown to dimerize by a phenoxyl radical-phenolate anion coupling in acetonitrile and by a phenoxyl radical-phenoxyl radical coupling in water. For these two processes, the rate constants have been determined. The primary dimer was identified as a quinone methide undergoing further reaction to the final products. Mechanisms accounting for these dimerization reactions and for the final products are discussed. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. ECOLE NORMALE SUPER,DEPT CHIM,ACTIVAT MOLEC LAB,F-75231 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RP HAPIOT, P (reprint author), UNIV PARIS 07,ELECTROCHIM MOLEC LAB,2 PL JUSSIEU,F-75251 PARIS 05,FRANCE. RI PINSON, Jean/L-7028-2013; Rolando, Christian/E-8278-2011; Pinson, Jean/M-9116-2016 OI Rolando, Christian/0000-0002-3266-8860; NR 107 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS PI PARIS PA S P E S-JOURNAL DEPT, 120 BD ST GERMAIN, F-75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1144-0546 J9 NEW J CHEM JI New J. Chem. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 211 EP 224 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KZ011 UT WOS:A1993KZ01100011 ER PT J AU ANDIVAHIS, L BOSTED, P LUNG, A STUART, L ALSTER, J ARNOLD, R CHANG, C DIETRICH, F DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, K HICKS, R HYDEWRIGHT, C KEPPEL, C KUHN, S LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, R PETERSON, G PETRATOS, G ROCK, S ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, W SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, L AF ANDIVAHIS, L BOSTED, P LUNG, A STUART, L ALSTER, J ARNOLD, R CHANG, C DIETRICH, F DODGE, W GEARHART, R GOMEZ, J GRIFFIOEN, K HICKS, R HYDEWRIGHT, C KEPPEL, C KUHN, S LICHTENSTADT, J MISKIMEN, R PETERSON, G PETRATOS, G ROCK, S ROKNI, S SAKUMOTO, W SPENGOS, M SWARTZ, K SZALATA, Z TAO, L TI MEASUREMENTS OF THE NUCLEON FORM-FACTORS AT LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFERS SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONF CY JUL 26-AUG 01, 1992 CL WIESBADEN, GERMANY SP INT UNION PURE & APPL PHYS, GERMAN PHYS SOC, EUROPEAN PHYS SOC, EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, BUNDESMINIST FORSCH & TECHNOL, HESSISCHES MINIST WISSENSCH & KUNST, E MERCK CHEM, SIEMENS, IBM DEUTSCHLAND, DIGITAL EQUIPMENT MUNCHEN ID ELECTRON-SCATTERING; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; PROTON AB New measurements of the electric G(E)(Q2) and magnetic G(M)(Q2) form factors of the nucleons are reported. The proton data cover the Q2 range from 1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/C)2 and the neutron data from 1.75 to 4.00 (GeV/c)2, more than doubling the range of previous data. Scaled by the dipole fit, G(D(Q2), the results for G(Mp)(Q2)/mu(p)G(D)(Q2) decrease smoothly from 1.05 to 0.92, while G(Ep)(Q2)/G(D)(Q2) is consistent with unity. The preliminary results for G(Mn)(Q2)/mu(n)G(D)(Q2) are consistent with unity, while G(En)2 is consistent with zero at all values of Q2. Comparisons are made to QCD Sum Rule, diquark, constituent quark, and VMD models, none of which agree with all of the new data. C1 LLNL,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. TEL AVIV UNIV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. NBS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. CEBAF,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. RP ANDIVAHIS, L (reprint author), AMERICAN UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20016, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 553 BP C713 EP C716 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA KU230 UT WOS:A1993KU23000078 ER PT J AU WENZEL, L SCAVIA, D AF WENZEL, L SCAVIA, D TI NOAAS COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM - SCIENCE FOR SOLUTIONS SO OCEANUS LA English DT Article C1 NOAA,COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INST PI WOODS HOLE PA OCEANUS MAGAZINE, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 SN 0029-8182 J9 OCEANUS JI Oceanus PD SPR PY 1993 VL 36 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA KZ109 UT WOS:A1993KZ10900012 ER PT J AU ASHWORTH, S IACONIS, C VOTAVA, O RIEDLE, E AF ASHWORTH, S IACONIS, C VOTAVA, O RIEDLE, E TI HIGH-EFFICIENCY, HIGH-POWER DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION OF 0.9-1.5-MU-M LIGHT IN BBO SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; DYE-LASER; MU-M; BETA-BAB2O4; LINEWIDTH AB An efficient method for generation of high energy pulsed ir light between 0.9 and 1.5 mum is described. The technique uses difference frequency mixing of pulsed, visible dye and Nd:YAG laser light in a 10 mm long BBO crystal. Quantum efficiencies of up to 23% and ir pulse energies up to 4.5 mJ are demonstrated. The low shot-to-shot fluctuations of difference frequency generation in BBO make this technique an attractive alternative to the conventional optical parametric oscillator or Raman shifting methods that are currently used to access this spectral region. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RP UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. RI Ashworth, Stephen/B-5912-2008 OI Ashworth, Stephen/0000-0003-4213-3541 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1016/0030-4018(93)90627-H PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA KN039 UT WOS:A1993KN03900022 ER PT J AU LESHKEVICH, GA SCHWAB, DJ MUHR, GC AF LESHKEVICH, GA SCHWAB, DJ MUHR, GC TI SATELLITE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF THE GREAT-LAKES - A REVIEW OF NOAAS GREAT-LAKES COASTWATCH PROGRAM SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Thematic Conf on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP AB To address critical coastal environmental problems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has established the Coastal Ocean Program. Within that program, CoastWatch is designed to provide a rapid supply of up-to-date, coordinated, environmental information, including remotely sensed data, to support Federal and state decision makers and researchers who are responsible for managing the Nation's living marine resources and ecosystems. This paper describes the NOAA CoastWatch program for the Great Lakes. The initial products of the CoastWatch program, a set of surface water temperature images, are routinely derived from NOAA AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) satellite data and made available within hours of acquisition. Preliminary analysis has shown excellent correlation of satellite-derived temperatures with in situ water temperature measurements from mid-lake weather buoys. Other products including turbidity, ocean color, and ice mapping are planned. Components of the Coast Watch system including a wide area communications system, on-line product data bases, an electronically-accessible product archive, and PC software for display and analysis of the satellite imagery are also described. RP LESHKEVICH, GA (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 3 BP 371 EP 379 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LC775 UT WOS:A1993LC77500009 ER PT J AU YAN, XH BREAKER, LC AF YAN, XH BREAKER, LC TI SURFACE CIRCULATION ESTIMATION USING IMAGE-PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION METHODS APPLIED TO SEQUENTIAL SATELLITE IMAGERY SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Thematic Conf on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments CY JUN 15-17, 1992 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP ENVIRONM RES INST MICHIGAN, MARINE SPILL RESPONSE CORP AB Two methods of automating the process of ocean feature tracking for estimating surface currents in coastal areas are outlined. These methods involve pattern recognition and have certain advantages over the more familiar maximum cross-correlation technique of Emery et al. (1986). The first method requires three steps in its application-pattern selection, pattern recognition, and geometrical calculations-to determine both the cross- and the along-isotherm displacements. The second method calculates certain surface motion parameters, including rotation and translation in Hough parameter space. Each method is applied to sequential AVHRR IR satellite imagery off the U.S. east coast. Finally, some of the practical problems encountered in the application of these methods are described. C1 NOAA,NWS,NATL METEOROL CTR,CAMP SPRINGS,MD 20746. RP YAN, XH (reprint author), UNIV DELAWARE,GRAD COLL MARINE STUDIES,CTR REMOTE SENSING,NEWARK,DE 19716, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 59 IS 3 BP 407 EP 413 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA LC775 UT WOS:A1993LC77500014 ER PT J AU HEATHER, RW JULIENNE, PS AF HEATHER, RW JULIENNE, PS TI THEORY OF LASER-INDUCED ASSOCIATIVE IONIZATION OF ULTRACOLD NA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR COLLISION PROCESSES; EXCITED SODIUM ATOMS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; ELECTRONIC STATES; TRAPPED SODIUM; ENERGY CURVES; COLD; TRANSITIONS; POTENTIALS; CONSTANTS AB The rate coefficient for the laser-induced associative-ionization reaction of ultracold Na in an optical trap is calculated as a function of the trap laser detuning from the Na(2S1/2,F = 2)--> Na(2P3/2,F = 3) resonance. Aided by a knowledge of the excited-state potential-energy curves and of the nature of the free-atom optical-pumping process, we propose the following mechanism, which we call photoassociative ionization (PAI): 2Na(3SIGMA(u)+)-->(homegaBAR)Na2*(0g- and 1g)-->(homegaBAR)Na2**(1u)-->Na2+ + e-. Maxima in the calculated PAI rate coefficient occur at detunings that are simultaneously one-photon resonant with bound levels of the long-range 0g- state and two-photon resonant with the lower rotational levels of a vibrational level lying 9 GHz below the dissociation threshold of the autoionizing 1u state. The calculated PAI spectrum (PAI rate coefficient versus trap-laser detuning) displays a series of broad peaks between -0.5 and -4 GHz detuning and a cutoff at -5 GHz detuning, as does the experimentally measured spectrum of Lett et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2139 (1991)]. The broad widths of the peaks in the PAI spectrum is due in part to the orientation averaging of the collision vector with respect to the electric-field vector and to the optical pumping of the Na2-->Na2* rovibronic transition. The calculated PAI rate coefficient at -0.6 GHz detuning is a factor of 4 higher than the experimental value. Fine-structure-changing transitions play a role in the doubly excited states, because of the 1u avoided crossing, but not in the intermediate states, because they have gerade symmetry and the only states that have been shown to undergo fine-structure-changing transitions with large probability have ungerade symmetry. Several predictions based on the proposed model and suggestions for future experiments are discussed. RP HEATHER, RW (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1887 EP 1906 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.1887 PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KV980 UT WOS:A1993KV98000040 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, DJ WOOD, RP GREENE, CH AF ARMSTRONG, DJ WOOD, RP GREENE, CH TI PHOTOIONIZATION OF THE 5D6P 3D1 STATE OF BARIUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRAL BARIUM; LIMIT AB We have carried out a relative measurement of the photoionization cross section of the 5d6p 3D1 state of barium from the 6s ionization threshold to 875 cm-1 (approximately 0.109 eV) above the 5d5/2 ionization threshold. The cross section was measured for two different final-state symmetries by varying the angle between the laser polarization vectors. Both photoionization cross sections contain ''forbidden lines'' which arise through a breakdown of the selection rules on J and M(J) due to the hyperfine interaction in the odd isotopes of barium. These experimental results are compared with jj-coupled eigenchannel R-matrix calculations and show good agreement. Approximate incorporation of the hyperfine effects into the calculations was necessary for a complete understanding of the measured photoionization cross sections. We found that for the odd isotopes (approximately 18% of natural barium) the excited 5d6p 3D1 state was substantially depolarized by the effect of the hyperfine interaction. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP ARMSTRONG, DJ (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302, USA. RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1981 EP 1988 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.1981 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KV980 UT WOS:A1993KV98000048 ER PT J AU MASTERSON, BP TANNER, C PATRICK, H WIEMAN, CE AF MASTERSON, BP TANNER, C PATRICK, H WIEMAN, CE TI HIGH-BRIGHTNESS, HIGH-PURITY SPIN-POLARIZED CESIUM BEAM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BEAM; PARITY NONCONSERVATION; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; LASER-DIODE; TRANSITION AB We describe a cesium atomic beam (10(14) atoms s-1, 6 X 10(16) atoms sr-1 s-1) spin polarized using light from two diode lasers. Of the atoms, 95% may be placed into either the 6S1/2(F,m(F)) = (3,3) or (4,4) state, with less than 2 X 10(-4) of the atoms left in the depleted hyperfine level. The latter fraction rises linearly with atomic beam intensity because of reabsorption of light scattered during the optical pumping process. This and other effects limiting complete hyperfine pumping are discussed. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 2139 EP 2145 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.2139 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KV980 UT WOS:A1993KV98000062 ER PT J AU CIRAC, JI ZOLLER, P AF CIRAC, JI ZOLLER, P TI LASER COOLING OF TRAPPED IONS IN A SQUEEZED VACUUM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTON RECOIL ENERGY; ATOMS AB Laser cooling of a trapped ion damped by an electromagnetic reservoir in a squeezed-vacuum state is investigated. The cooling rate and the final temperature are given for the case in which the ion is located at the node of a laser standing wave, on resonance with its internal transition. In particular, we find that the ion can have final temperatures below the Doppler limit. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 2191 EP 2195 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.2191 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KV980 UT WOS:A1993KV98000067 ER PT J AU PAN, C STARACE, AF AF PAN, C STARACE, AF TI ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS FOR NEAR-THRESHOLD (E, 2E) PROCESSES FOR LI AND MG SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Note ID IONIZATION; DEPENDENCE; ELECTRONS; HYDROGEN; HELIUM; ESCAPE AB Distorted-wave calculations of the triply differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of Li and Mg are presented for the coplanar, theta12 = pi geometry in which the final-state electrons share 2 eV of excess energy equally. Our theoretical approach, described in detail elsewhere [C. Pan and A. F. Starace, Phys. Rev. A 45, 4588 (1992)], employs a partial-wave expansion of initial- and final-state wave functions, treats direct and exchange interactions of initial- and final-state electrons with the target core, and treats the final-state interaction between the two continuum electrons by a screening potential. Li and Mg targets are found to have more complex (e, 2e) angular distributions than either H or He targets, stemming in large part from significant p-wave and higher one-electron phase shifts in the former elements. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80302. RP PAN, C (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LINCOLN,NE 68588, USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 2389 EP 2392 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.2389 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA KV980 UT WOS:A1993KV98000096 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, RA LYNN, JW NUNEZ, V BUSCHOW, KHJ NAKOTTE, H LAWSON, AC AF ROBINSON, RA LYNN, JW NUNEZ, V BUSCHOW, KHJ NAKOTTE, H LAWSON, AC TI CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES OF UAUSN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IONS AB The uranium intermetallic compound UAuSn has been studied by means of neutron powder diffraction. It crystallizes in the CaIn2 structure type, with space group P6(3)/mmc, in agreement with previous x-ray work. Below 37 K, it exhibits long-range antiferromagnetic order, in a double-sized orthohexagonal magnetic unit cell. At the lowest temperature measured, the uranium moment is 1.10mu(B). The magnetic structure is collinear with moments parallel to the orthorhombic b axis and the magnetic space group is C(p)m'cm'. We discuss the Au/Sn disorder in terms of metallic radii and discuss he consequences of this symmetry on the collinearity of the magnetic structure. These results are compared with work on the isostructural compounds UPdSn and UCuSn. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PHILIPS RES LABS,5600 JA EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM,VANDERWAALS ZEEMAN LAB,1018 XE AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP ROBINSON, RA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 9 BP 5090 EP 5094 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.5090 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KQ099 UT WOS:A1993KQ09900036 ER PT J AU PENN, DR COHEN, ML CRESPI, VH AF PENN, DR COHEN, ML CRESPI, VH TI INVERSE ISOTOPE EFFECTS AND MODELS FOR HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID MECHANISMS AB A model for high-temperature superconductivity with a mass-independent electronic mechanism in conjunction with a moderate amount of electron-phonon coupling has previously been shown to be inconsistent with experimental constraints on T(c), the isotope effect exponent, and the electron-phonon coupling. The present work allows for an electronic mechanism with an inverse isotope effect. In this case, the model is consistent with the experimental constraints. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP PENN, DR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ELECTR & OPT PHYS,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. OI Crespi, Vincent/0000-0003-3846-3193 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 9 BP 5528 EP 5530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.5528 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KQ099 UT WOS:A1993KQ09900100 ER PT J AU WEIDER, T GLASER, MA HANLEY, HJM CLARK, NA AF WEIDER, T GLASER, MA HANLEY, HJM CLARK, NA TI SHEAR-INDUCED MELTING OF 2-DIMENSIONAL SOLIDS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES SYSTEM; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; 2 DIMENSIONS; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; SUSPENSIONS; FLUIDS; FLOW; THERMODYNAMICS AB We have carried out detailed nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulation studies of the shear-induced melting transition of a model two-dimensional solid. We find that the shear melting of the two-dimensional soft-disk solid at temperature T=1 and density rho=1.03 occurs in two stages: (1) a transition from elastic to plastic behavior takes place as soon as any finite shear rate is applied; (2) qualitative changes in structural and dynamic behavior occur near a shear rate of gamma=0.07. For gamma less than or similar to 0.07, the system possesses very long-range bond-orientational correlations, and the instantaneous static structure factor exhibits pronounced sixfold anisotropy, with a sixfold pattern that rotates uniformly with time in response to the applied shear. For gamma greater than or similar to 0.07, the system behaves like an ordinary two-dimensional liquid under shear in that the ranges of translational and bond-orientational correlations are comparable and the instantaneous static structure factor does not exhibit persistent sixfold anisotropy. We discuss our results in terms of the two competing possibilities of a Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young two-stage melting scenario or a single first-order melting transition. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,CONDENSED MATTER LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV THERMOPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP WEIDER, T (reprint author), TECH UNIV BERLIN,INST THEORET PHYS,PN 7-1,HARDENBERGSTR 36,W-1000 BERLIN 12,GERMANY. RI Clark, Noel/E-9011-2010; Glaser, Matthew/H-2345-2016 OI Glaser, Matthew/0000-0002-8366-5598 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 10 BP 5622 EP 5628 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.5622 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KT879 UT WOS:A1993KT87900009 ER PT J AU REEVES, ME DITMARS, DA WOLF, SA VANDERAH, TA KRESIN, VZ AF REEVES, ME DITMARS, DA WOLF, SA VANDERAH, TA KRESIN, VZ TI EVIDENCE FOR STRONG ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING FROM THE SPECIFIC-HEAT OF YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ANISOTROPY; PARAMETERS; DIFFUSION; LATTICE AB We report precise measurements of the relative enthalpy of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-delta at high temperatures (273 K < T < 700 K). From these data, we determine the lattice and electronic contributions to the specific heat. We find that the specific heat of the charge carriers follows the temperature dependence of a Fermi liquid with a Sommerfeld constant of 25+/-3 mJ/mole K2. By comparing our data to measurements made at low temperatures, we determine that the electron-phonon coupling is strong in YBa2Cu3O7-delta and adequate to account for the high transition temperature. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. USN,CTR WEAP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP REEVES, ME (reprint author), USN,RES LAB,WASHINGTON,DC 20375, USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 10 BP 6065 EP 6068 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.6065 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KT879 UT WOS:A1993KT87900057 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, RA LAWSON, AC LYNN, JW BUSCHOW, KHJ AF ROBINSON, RA LAWSON, AC LYNN, JW BUSCHOW, KHJ TI INCOMMENSURATE MAGNETIC ORDER IN UPTGE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID HORHSI AB The orthorhombic uranium (1:1:1) ternary compound UPtGe has been studied by means of neutron powder diffraction, using both the time-of-flight method at a spallation source and the constant-wavelength reactor method. The material exhibits incommensurate magnetic order with q=(0,0.5543,0),with a uranium moment at the lowest temperature of 1.11mu(B) and a Neel temperature of 51 K. The moments are confined to the bc plane, which includes the propagation vector for the incommensurate modulation, and they rotate within that plane as one moves parallel to the b axis. The magnitude of the ordered uranium moment is the only order parameter in the problem. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. PHILIPS RES LABS,5600 JA EINDHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV MARYLAND,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP ROBINSON, RA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 10 BP 6138 EP 6141 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.6138 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KT879 UT WOS:A1993KT87900071 ER PT J AU SKANTHAKUMAR, S LYNN, JW PENG, JL LI, ZY AF SKANTHAKUMAR, S LYNN, JW PENG, JL LI, ZY TI OBSERVATION OF NONCOLLINEAR MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE FOR THE CU SPINS IN ND2CUO4-TYPE SYSTEMS SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Note ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PR2CUO4 AB Field-dependent neutron-diffraction measurements have been taken on Nd2CuO4 and Sm2CuO4 in order to distinguish between the proposed collinear and noncollinear spin structures for the Cu ions. For magnetic fields applied along the (110) direction, both systems exhibit Bragg intensities that are continuous and reversible with H. For Nd2CuO4 we have also taken data for fields applied within an angle alpha of the (100) direction, and we have found that the intensities of the magnetic reflections increase or decrease depending on the sign of alpha. Both of these observations are only consistent with the noncollinear spin model. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP SKANTHAKUMAR, S (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,CTR SUPERCOND RES,DEPT PHYS,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 15 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 10 BP 6173 EP 6176 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.47.6173 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA KT879 UT WOS:A1993KT87900080 ER PT J AU WHEELER, AA BOETTINGER, WJ MCFADDEN, GB AF WHEELER, AA BOETTINGER, WJ MCFADDEN, GB TI PHASE-FIELD MODEL OF SOLUTE TRAPPING DURING SOLIDIFICATION SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID INTERFACE; BOUNDARY; MOTION AB A phase-field model for isothermal solidification of a binary alloy is developed that includes gradient energy contributions for the phase field and for the composition field. When the gradient energy coefficient for the phase field is smaller than that for the solute field, planar steady-state solutions exhibit a reduction in the segregation predicted in the liquid phase ahead of an advancing front (solute trapping), and, in the limit of high solidification speeds, predict alloy solidification with no redistribution of composition. Such situations are commonly observed experimentally. C1 UNIV BRISTOL, SCH MATH, BRISTOL BS8 1TW, AVON, ENGLAND. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 44 TC 243 Z9 259 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1893 EP 1909 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.47.1893 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA KY137 UT WOS:A1993KY13700051 ER PT J AU RUSSELL, TP MENELLE, A ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF AF RUSSELL, TP MENELLE, A ANASTASIADIS, SH SATIJA, SK MAJKRZAK, CF TI FLUCTUATION EFFECTS IN THE ORDERING OF THIN DIBLOCK COPOLYMER FILMS - REPLY SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Note C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV REACTOR RADIAT,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP RUSSELL, TP (reprint author), IBM CORP,DIV RES,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120, USA. RI Anastasiadis, Spiros/D-2778-2009 OI Anastasiadis, Spiros/0000-0003-0936-1614 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 70 IS 9 BP 1352 EP 1352 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1352 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KN887 UT WOS:A1993KN88700043 ER PT J AU YOUNG, M AF YOUNG, M TI POLITICS, PENDULUMS AND THE METERS MAKING SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter RP YOUNG, M (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD MAR PY 1993 VL 46 IS 3 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA KT929 UT WOS:A1993KT92900009 ER PT J AU WAN, HX MOORE, JH OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ AF WAN, HX MOORE, JH OLTHOFF, JK VANBRUNT, RJ TI ELECTRON-SCATTERING AND DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT BY SF6 AND ITS ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE BY-PRODUCTS SO PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND PLASMA PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE ATTACHMENT RATES; CROSS SECTION; DISSOCIATIVE ATTACHMENT; ELECTRON SCATTERING; SF6, SF4, SO2, SOF2, SOF4, SO2F2 ID CROSS-SECTIONS; CORONA DISCHARGES; EXCITATION-SPECTRA; MIXTURES; SO2; ENERGIES; DECOMPOSITION; SILICON; IONIZATION; RESONANCE AB Discrete electron-molecule processes relevant to SF6 etching plasmas are examined. Absolute, total scattering cross sections for 0.2-12-eV electrons on SF6m SO2, SOF2, SO2F2, SOF4, and SF4, as well as cross sections for negative-ion formation by attachment of electrons, have been measured. These are used to calculate dissociative-attachment rate coefficients as a function of E/N for SF6 by-products in SF6. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. RP WAN, HX (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,COLL PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 67 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4324 J9 PLASMA CHEM PLASMA P JI Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/BF01447167 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA KP074 UT WOS:A1993KP07400001 ER PT J AU MULLEN, JL AF MULLEN, JL TI AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR MEASURING PHOSPHORUS USING SPECTROPHOTOMETRY SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS AB An improved method for the measurement of phosphorus, using spectrophotometry, is described. This method makes use of selective optical absorption at wavelengths of 704 mum. This absorption results from the formation of a phosphorus-molybdenum complex. It is shown that this optical technique has significant advantages over previously used techniques in terms of speed and long stability (24 hr) of the complex. The method is especially suitable for the measurement of phosphorus in nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) alloys. RP MULLEN, JL (reprint author), NATL INST STANDARDS & TECHNOL,ELECTRODEPOSIT GRP,BLDG 224 B166,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 80 IS 3 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA LB291 UT WOS:A1993LB29100017 ER PT J AU KARL, TR AF KARL, TR TI MISSING PIECES OF THE PUZZLE SO RESEARCH & EXPLORATION LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE GASES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE; NORTHERN; MODEL AB We continue to add trace greenhouse gases to the atmosphere at an unprecedented rate. Many scientists have suggested that the buildup of greenhouse gases will lead to an environmental catastrophe, while others argue that the climate system is either not very sensitive to this change or that the manner in which the climate is likely to change is more cogently described as the ''Garden of Eden.'' Six well-known scientists on this topic provide a basis for an examination of the evidence in support of these positions. The primary difficulty relates to uncertainties about the sensitivity of the climate system. Imprecise measurements of past rates of observed climate change, and inadequate data regarding the timing and magnitude of many climatic forcings preclude precise answers. As a result, it is impossible to completely dismiss extreme positions. RP KARL, TR (reprint author), NOAA,NATL CLIMAT DATA CTR,FED BLDG,ASHEVILLE,NC 28801, USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL GEOGRAPHIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 17TH AND M STS NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8755-724X J9 RES EXPLOR JI Res. Explor. PD SPR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 234 EP 249 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LG925 UT WOS:A1993LG92500008 ER PT J AU JEFFERTS, SR HEAVNER, T HAYES, P DUNN, GH AF JEFFERTS, SR HEAVNER, T HAYES, P DUNN, GH TI SUPERCONDUCTING RESONATOR AND A CRYOGENIC GAAS FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR-AMPLIFIER AS A SINGLE-ION DETECTION SYSTEM SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A current measuring system capable of detecting single ions is described. The detector operates at a frequency of nominally 900 kHz and utilizes a superconducting inductor with high Q(Q almost-equal-to 8500) and a cryogenic GaAs field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier with noise temperature less than 0.3 K. Noise measurements of the FET are presented along with details of the construction of the superconducting inductor. C1 UNIV COLORADO,JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP JEFFERTS, SR (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 64 IS 3 BP 737 EP 740 DI 10.1063/1.1144153 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA KT534 UT WOS:A1993KT53400025 ER PT J AU MCDONALD, B AF MCDONALD, B TI ON INTERPRETATION - SOCIOLOGY FOR INTERPRETERS OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY - MACHLIS,GE, FIELD,DR SO RURAL SOCIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP MCDONALD, B (reprint author), NOAA,WASHINGTON,DC 20230, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL SOC PI BOZEMAN PA ANNE S WILLIAMS, TREASURER MONTANA STATE UNIV DEPT SOCIOLOGY, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 SN 0036-0112 J9 RURAL SOCIOL JI Rural Sociol. PD SPR PY 1993 VL 58 IS 1 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA LD920 UT WOS:A1993LD92000019 ER PT J AU CAVANAGH, RR HEILWEIL, EJ STEPHENSON, JC AF CAVANAGH, RR HEILWEIL, EJ STEPHENSON, JC TI TIME-RESOLVED PROBES OF SURFACE DYNAMICS SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC LINE-SHAPES; HOLE PAIR MECHANISM; VIBRATIONAL DYNAMICS; METAL-SURFACES; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORBED MOLECULES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; LIFETIME; CO; CO/PT(111) AB The excited vibrational state dynamics of CO adsorbed on Pt(111) are explored using subpicosecond infrared pump-probe techniques. The response for a Co(v = 1) adlayer for coverages of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 monolayers is measured as a function of time delay and probe wavelength. The observed transient CO vibrational spectra reveal a shift to lower frequency of the CO internal stretch mode as the degree of excitation of the adlayer is increased. These spectra are discussed in terms of density matrix models which address the coherence time of the adlayer (v = 1) excitation and the excited state spectral characteristics of strongly-coupled anharmonic oscillators. The two-to-three picosecond recovery time of the transient response is consistent with relaxation through electron-hole pair creation. The relationship of the measured T1 decay to the observed lineshape is addressed. RP NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 EI 1879-2758 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 283 IS 1-3 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/0039-6028(93)90986-T PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA KM975 UT WOS:A1993KM97500037 ER PT J AU PARSLEY, MJ BECKMAN, LG MCCABE, GT AF PARSLEY, MJ BECKMAN, LG MCCABE, GT TI SPAWNING AND REARING HABITAT USE BY WHITE STURGEONS IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER DOWNSTREAM FROM MCNARY DAM SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-TRANSMONTANUS AB Spawning and rearing habitats used by white sturgeons Acipenser transmontanus were described from water temperature, depth, and velocity measurements and substrate types present at sites where eggs, larvae, young-of-the-year, and juveniles (ages 1-7) were collected. Spawning and egg incubation occurred in the swiftest water available (mean water column velocity, 0.8-2.8 m/s), which was within 8 km downstream from each of the four main-stem Columbia River dams in our study area. Substrates where spawning occurred were mainly cobble, boulder, and bedrock. Yolk-sac larvae were transported by the river currents from spawning areas into deeper areas with lower water velocities and finer substrates. Young-of-the-year white sturgeons were found at depths of 9-57 m, at mean water column velocities of 0.6 m/s and less, and over substrates of hard clay, mud and silt, sand, gravel, and cobble. Juvenile fish were found at depths of 2-58 m, at mean water column velocities of 1.2 m/s and less, and over substrates of hard clay, mud and silt, sand, gravel, cobble, boulder, and bedrock. C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,POINT ADAMS BIOL STN,HAMMOND,OR 97121. RP PARSLEY, MJ (reprint author), US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,NATL FISHERIES RES CTR,SEATTLE COLUMBIA RIVER FIELD STN,COOK,WA 98605, USA. NR 38 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 122 IS 2 BP 217 EP 227 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0217:SARHUB>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA LL921 UT WOS:A1993LL92100005 ER PT J AU NOVAK, JH PIERCE, TE AF NOVAK, JH PIERCE, TE TI NATURAL EMISSIONS OF OXIDANT PRECURSORS SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF NOX EMISSION AND CONTROL OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN OZONE FORMATION CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 1990 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP ENVIRONM CANADA, ONTARIO MINIST ENVIRONM, NE STATES COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT, US EPA ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; NITROGEN-OXIDES AB This paper provides an overview of the sources, the estimation methodology, and the relative amounts of natural hydrocarbon and NO(x) emissions. The most recent estimate of natural nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) emissions for the United States is 28 Tg yr-1. This compares with 20 Tg yr-1 for anthropogenic NMHC sources. The southeastern and southcentral portions of the United States account for approximately 43% of the annual U.S. natural NMHC estimate. These emissions exhibit strong diurnal and seasonal dependencies related to temperature, solar radiation, and active biomass. Forests are the primary vegetative source of hydrocarbons. The major sources of natural NO(x) emissions in North America are biomass burning, lightning, and microbial activity in soil. We present a comparison of hourly gridded NO(x) emissions from lightning, soil, and man-made sources for the northeastern United States. We also provide results from preliminary investigations of the sensitivity of O3 predictions from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Oxidant Model to natural NMHC and nitric oxide emissions. Disclaimer: This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for presentation and publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. RP NOVAK, JH (reprint author), NOAA,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI MODELING,AIR RESOURCES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 77 DI 10.1007/BF00480814 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA LE663 UT WOS:A1993LE66300006 ER PT J AU COLLINS, AR STEINBACK, S AF COLLINS, AR STEINBACK, S TI RURAL HOUSEHOLD RESPONSE TO WATER CONTAMINATION IN WEST-VIRGINIA SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE ECONOMICS; WATER TREATMENT; WATER DECISION MAKING; RURAL HOUSEHOLDS; COSTS; TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS ID ECONOMIC-LOSSES; EXPENDITURES AB About one-third of all West Virginians obtain domestic water from private water wells. In this research, mail and telephone surveys were used to investigate household responses to bacteria, mineral, and organic chemical contamination of domestic water supplies. Of households who were informed of contamination and acknowledged the problem, over 85 percent took action to avoid exposure to water contamination problems. The most common action was to clean and/or repair the water system (55.9 percent of valid surveys). Approximately 45 percent of households made investments of either a water treatment system, a new water source, or correction of contamination source. The average, annual economic cost of rural household actions was $320 for bacteria, $357 for minerals, and $1,090 for organic contamination. These economic costs represent a lower bound estimate for rural household willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a reduction in domestic water contamination from government action. On average, investment actions had lower annual economic costs than noninvestment actions of boiling and hauling water so that households who undertook investment actions in response to water contamination would have a lower WTP for government action to reduce water contamination. When effectiveness of water treatment systems was evaluated, treatment systems which require minimal household maintenance were found to reduce exposure to water contamination to ''safe' levels as households intended when they installed the system. Treatment systems which were commonly ineffective included those which required continual maintenance (e.g., chlorinators) or were not designed to solve the contaminant problem for which they were purchased (e.g., filter systems for bacteria). C1 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,NE FISHERIES CTR,WOODS HOLE LAB,WOODS HOLE,MA 02543. RP COLLINS, AR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DIV RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,2042 AGR SCI BLDG,POB 6108,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LU297 UT WOS:A1993LU29700005 ER PT J AU CROLEY, TE LEE, DH AF CROLEY, TE LEE, DH TI EVALUATION OF GREAT-LAKES NET BASIN SUPPLY FORECASTS SO WATER RESOURCES BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE FORECASTING; HYDROLOGY; GREAT LAKES; WATER SUPPLY AB Evaluation of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's (GLERL's) physically-based monthly net basin supply forecast method reveals component errors and the effects of model improvements for use on the Laurentian Great Lakes. While designed for probabilistic outlooks, it is assessed for giving deterministic outlooks along with other net basin supply forecast methods of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environment Canada, and with a stochastic approach commissioned by the Corps. The methods are compared to a simple climatological forecast and to actual time series of net basin supplies. Actual net basin supplies are currently determined by estimating all components directly, instead of as water-balance residuals. This is judged more accurate and appropriate for both forecasting and simulation. GLERL's physically-based method forecasts component supplies while the other methods are based on residual supplies. These other methods should be rederived to be based on component supplies. For each of these other methods, differences between their outlooks and residual supplies are used as error estimates for the rederived methods and component supplies. The evaluations are made over a recent period of record high levels followed by a record drought. Net basin supply outlooks are better than climatology, and GLERL's physically-based method performs best with regard to either component or residual net basin supplies. Until advances are made in long-range climate outlooks, deterministic supply outlooks cannot be improved significantly. RP CROLEY, TE (reprint author), NOAA,GREAT LAKES ENVIRONM RES LAB,COMMONWEALTH BLVD,ANN ARBOR,MI 48105, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI HERNDON PA 950 HERNDON PARKWAY SUITE 300, HERNDON, VA 20170-5531 SN 0043-1370 J9 WATER RESOUR BULL JI Water Resour. Bull. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 29 IS 2 BP 267 EP 282 PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA LU297 UT WOS:A1993LU29700011 ER PT J AU SMITH, BB MULLEN, SL AF SMITH, BB MULLEN, SL TI AN EVALUATION OF SEA-LEVEL CYCLONE FORECASTS PRODUCED BY NMCS NESTED-GRID MODEL AND GLOBAL SPECTRAL MODEL SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB Sea level cyclone errors are computed for the National Meteorological Center's Nested-Grid Model (NGM) and the Aviation Run of the Global Spectral Model (AVN). The study is performed for the 1987/88 and 1989/90 cool seasons. All available 24- and 48-h forecast cycles are analyzed for North America and adjacent ocean regions. Forecast errors in the central pressure, position, and 1000-500-mb thickness of the cyclone center are computed. Aggregate errors can be summarized as follows: NGM forecasts of central pressure are too low (forecast pressure lower than analyzed) by 0.72 mb at 24 h and 0.66 mb at 48 h, while AVN forecasts are too high by 2.06 mb at 24 h and 2.50 mb at 48 h. Variance statistics for the pressure error indicate that AVN forecasts possess less variability than those of the NGM. Both mean absolute displacement errors and mean vector displacement errors are smaller for the AVN. The NGM moves surface cyclones too slowly and places them too far poleward into the cold air; the AVN possesses a smaller. slow bias only. Both models contain a weak cold bias as judged from the 1000-500-mb thickness over the cyclone center. The aforementioned aggregate error characteristics exhibit significant variability when the data are stratified by geographical region. observed central pressure, and observed 12-h pressure change, however. For most regional, central pressure, and pressure change categories, the AVN performs better than the NGM in terms of smaller mean pressure errors, reduced pressure error variances, and shorter displacement errors. One noteworthy exception is deepening systems where the NGM's systematic pressure errors are generally 2-3 mb smaller than the AVN's errors. The impact that ensemble averaging of individual NGM and AVN cyclone forecasts has on skill is examined. An equally weighted average of the NGM and AVN increasingly becomes the best forecast (more skillful than both the AVN and NGM individually) as the difference between the two models increases. This finding suggests that ensemble averaging offers increased skill during situations when the NGM and AVN forecasts diverge widely. C1 NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,LANSING,MI. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 37 EP 56 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0037:AEOSLC>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL626 UT WOS:A1993LL62600003 ER PT J AU TRACTON, MS AF TRACTON, MS TI ON THE SKILL AND UTILITY OF NMCS MEDIUM-RANGE CENTRAL GUIDANCE SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Note AB Verification scores are presented to illustrate the general success of NMC forecasters in providing the best day 3, 4, and 5 mean sea level pressure and 6-10-day mean 500-mb height fields given the operationally available array of often conflicting NWP model solutions. As a primer on NMC efforts to enhance the utility of the medium-range forecast guidance, a brief overview is provided on the rationale and expectations for ensemble prediction. RP TRACTON, MS (reprint author), NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,NATL METEOROL CTR,CTR CLIMATE ANAL,W-NMC22,WASHINGTON,DC 20233, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1993)008<0147:OTSAUO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA LL626 UT WOS:A1993LL62600009 ER PT J AU FAHR, A BRAUN, W LAUFER, AH AF FAHR, A BRAUN, W LAUFER, AH TI PHOTOLYSIS OF METHYL VINYL KETONE AT 193.3 NM - QUANTUM YIELD DETERMINATIONS OF METHYL AND VINYL RADICALS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL-STATE DISTRIBUTIONS; ROTATIONAL-STATE; ACETONE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The primary dissociation processes in the photolysis of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) at 193.3 nm have been investigated. A quantum yield of close to unity for the formation of both CH3 and C2H3 radicals has been determined using real-time absorption data in conjunction with gas chromatographic analysis of final products. Detailed kinetic modeling of the system indicates a rate constant of (1.5 +/- 0.3) X 10(-10) cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the cross-combination of methyl with vinyl radicals. A combination/disproportionation ratio for the vinyl-vinyl system of 3.2 +/- 0.7 was obtained. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum and absorption cross-sections of methyl vinyl ketone over the wavelength range from 160 to 200 nm were measured. RP FAHR, A (reprint author), NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV CHEM KINET & THERMODYNAM,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0022-3654 J9 J PHYS CHEM-US JI J. Phys. Chem. PD FEB 25 PY 1993 VL 97 IS 8 BP 1502 EP 1506 DI 10.1021/j100110a007 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA KP603 UT WOS:A1993KP60300007 ER PT J AU CRAFT, NE GRANADOLORENCIO, F AF CRAFT, NE GRANADOLORENCIO, F TI EFFECT OF SAMPLE PREPARATION ON FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMIN AND CAROTENOID CONCENTRATIONS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL,DIV ORGAN ANALYT RES,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL LAB,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97500009 ER PT J AU HALVER, JE HARDY, RW AF HALVER, JE HARDY, RW TI L-ASCORBYL-2-SULFATE ALLEVIATES SCURVY IN ATLANTIC SALMON SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH FISH,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NOAA,SEATTLE,WA 98112. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A746 EP A746 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97501304 ER EF