FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Pirkle, JL Kaufmann, RB Brody, DJ Hickman, T Gunter, E Paschal, DC AF Pirkle, JL Kaufmann, RB Brody, DJ Hickman, T Gunter, E Paschal, DC TI Exposure of the US population to lead, 1991-1994 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; food contamination; gasoline lead; lead; leaded paint; lead poisoning; water pollution ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD; NHANES AB Blood lead measurements were obtained on 13,642 persons aged 1 year and older who participated in Phase 2 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) from 1991 through 1994. NHANES III is a national representative survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. The overall mean blood lead level for the U.S. population aged 1 year and older was 2.3 mu g/dl, with 2.2% of the population having levels greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dl, the level of health concern for children. Among U.S. children aged 1-5 years, the mean blood lead level was 2.7 mu g/dl, and 890,000 of these children (4.4%) had elevated blood lead levels. Sociodemographic factors associated with higher blood lead levels in children were non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity, low income, and residence in older housing. The prevalence of elevated blood lead levels was 21.9% among non-Hispanic black children living in homes built before 1946 and 16.4% among children in low-income families who lived in homes built before 1946. Blood lead levels continue to decline in the U.S. population, but 890,000 children still have elevated levels. Public health efforts have been successful in removing lead from population-wide sources such as gasoline and lead-soldered food and drink cans, but nem efforts must address the difficult problem of leaded paint, especially in older houses, as well as lead in dust and soil. Lead poisoning prevention programs should target high-risk persons, such as children who live in old homes, children of minority groups, and children living in families with low income. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pirkle, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-F20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 300 Z9 308 U1 7 U2 36 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 106 IS 11 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1289/ehp.98106745 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 144TM UT WOS:000077331200025 PM 9799191 ER PT J AU Troisi, R Weiss, HA Hoover, RN Potischman, N Swanson, CA Brogan, DR Coates, RJ Gammon, MD Malone, KE Daling, JR Brinton, LA AF Troisi, R Weiss, HA Hoover, RN Potischman, N Swanson, CA Brogan, DR Coates, RJ Gammon, MD Malone, KE Daling, JR Brinton, LA TI Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; pregnancy; twinning; toxemia; weight gain; gestational diabetes ID HUMAN CHORIONIC-GONADOTROPIN; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; ESTRADIOL LEVELS; CORD BLOOD; SERUM; MOTHERS; NAUSEA; WOMEN AB In a population based case control study of parous women less than 45 years of age, we evaluated the relations of various pregnancy characteristics to maternal breast cancer risk. Cases (N = 1,239) diagnosed with in situ or invasive breast cancer from 1990 to 1992 in Atlanta, GA, Seattle/Puget Sound, WA, and five counties in central New Jersey, and population controls (N = 1,166) identified by random-digit dialing, were interviewed regarding the details of their pregnancies. We used logistic regression to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and to adjust for breast cancer risk factors. Women who reported nausea or vomiting in their first pregnancy had a slightly lower risk of breast cancer (RR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.72-1.0). We found no strong or consistent associations for maternal risk related to gestational length, pregnancy weight gain, gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, or gender of the offspring, although we found some evidence for reductions in risk for toxemia (RR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.61-1.1) and specific sex (RR for female twins us singletons = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.20-1.3) and timing characteristics of twinning. Overall, these data provide little support for the hypothesis that pregnancy hormone levels are associated with subsequent maternal risk of breast cancer in young women. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Troisi, R (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Execut Plaza N Room 443,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 27 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 IS 6 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1097/00001648-199811000-00014 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 130BR UT WOS:000076499800014 PM 9799175 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Brener, ND Lowry, R Bhatt, A Zabin, LS AF Santelli, JS Brener, ND Lowry, R Bhatt, A Zabin, LS TI Multiple sexual partners among US adolescents and young adults SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; AIDS BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CONDOM USE; RISK BEHAVIOR; SUBSTANCE USE; WOMEN; RELIABILITY AB Context: Because many teenagers and young adults fail to use condoms correctly and consistently: the number of sexual partners they have is an important risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV Identifying factors that are associated with having multiple partners can help in the design of disease interventions. Methods: Data on 8,450 males and females aged 14-22 who participated in the 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with young people's having multiple partners. Results: In all, 63% of female respondents and 64% of males were sexually experienced. Among those who had had sex during the three months before the survey, 15% and 35%, respectively had had two or more partners during that period. At each age, the majority of sexually experienced respondents had had more than one lifetime partner; between ages 14 and 21, the proportion who had had six or more rose from 8% to 31% among females and from 14% to 45% among males. In logistic regression analyses, alcohol use, illicit drug use and young age at first coitus were associated with increased odds that females had had two or more partners in the previous three months and being married lowered the odds; black or Hispanic race or ethnicity: alcohol use and young age at first coitus increased the odds for males, and being married reduced the adds. As the number of reported alcohol-related behaviors increased, the adjusted proportion of respondents who had recently had multiple partners rose from 8% to 48% among females and from 23% to 61% among men. Conclusions: The strong association between alcohol use and having multiple sexual partners underscores the need to educate young people about the effects of alcohol on partner choice and the risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Populat Dynam, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 170 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 11 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 6 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.2307/2991502 PG 5 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 146WX UT WOS:000077456700003 PM 9859017 ER PT J AU Chen, ATL Ing, PS Reidy, JA Schwartz, S Vance, GH Van Dyke, DL AF Chen, ATL Ing, PS Reidy, JA Schwartz, S Vance, GH Van Dyke, DL TI The ACMG CYTO2000 subcommittee? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Boys Town Natl Res Hosp, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. Ctr Human Genet, Cleveland, OH USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Cytogenet Lab, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Chen, ATL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1 BP 67 EP 67 DI 10.1097/00125817-199811000-00026 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 238HF UT WOS:000082704300015 PM 11261434 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW DeGroff, AS Wolitski, RJ AF Purcell, DW DeGroff, AS Wolitski, RJ TI HIV prevention case management: Current practice and future directions SO HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article DE community-based organizations; HIV/AIDS; prevention case management; risk-reduction intervention ID INFECTION AB Prevention case management (PCM) for HIV is an intervention developed in the early 1990s by combining individual HIV risk-reduction interventions and case management. To learn about the practice of PCM, staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) interviewed staff at the 25 community based organizations directly funded by CDC to conduct PCM and visited seven of these agencies. Most of the programs (80 percent) served HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative people. Results indicated considerable variation iii the structure of PCM programs, the types of services, and the populations served. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Behav Intervent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std HIV Prevent, Training & Tech Support Syst Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4241 USA SN 0360-7283 J9 HEALTH SOC WORK JI Health Soc. Work PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 4 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 140EU UT WOS:000077074800005 PM 9834881 ER PT J AU Greenberg, JB MacGowan, R Neumann, M Long, A Cheney, R Fernando, D Sterk, C Wiebel, W AF Greenberg, JB MacGowan, R Neumann, M Long, A Cheney, R Fernando, D Sterk, C Wiebel, W TI Linking injection drug users to medical services: Role of street outreach referrals SO HEALTH & SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article DE injection drug users; medical referrals; street outreach workers ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV RISK BEHAVIOR; METHADONE-MAINTENANCE; AIDS; IMPACT; PARTNERS; WORKERS; CLIENTS; SEX AB Street outreach workers in HIV prevention have expanded their role to include referring injection drug users to medical services. However, little is known about whether drug users act on these referrals. The study discussed in this article examined the level of exposure to street outreach reported by injection drug users, the most common medical referrals acted on as a result of such contacts, anti the predictors of acting on these referrals. Findings indicate that injection drug users with four or more contacts with street outreach workers during the preceding six months were more likely to report acting on referrals. To maximize the relevance of outreach for encouraging medical treatment, both street outreach workers and social workers in health care could benefit from cross training that focuses on strengthening the referral process. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Programs & Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA USA. CUNY John Jay Coll Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Greenberg, JB (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbg2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4241 USA SN 0360-7283 J9 HEALTH SOC WORK JI Health Soc. Work PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 4 BP 298 EP 309 PG 12 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 140EU UT WOS:000077074800007 PM 9834883 ER PT J AU Rugpao, S Nagachinta, T Wanapirak, C Srisomboon, J Suriyanon, V Sirirojn, B Chaiyarassamee, O Prasertwitayakij, W Celentano, DD Nelson, KE Vernon, SD Duerr, A AF Rugpao, S Nagachinta, T Wanapirak, C Srisomboon, J Suriyanon, V Sirirojn, B Chaiyarassamee, O Prasertwitayakij, W Celentano, DD Nelson, KE Vernon, SD Duerr, A TI Gynaecological conditions associated with HIV infection in women who are partners of HIV-positive Thai blood donors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; STD; Thailand; women; heterosexual transmission ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; MANIFESTATIONS; PREVALENCE AB Women who were partners of HIV-positive blood donors were enrolled in a study of heterosexual HIV transmission between March 1992 and December 1996 and were interviewed and examined. Gynaecological conditions, including cervical dysplasia, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis and syphilis were assessed in addition to HIV status and CD4 level. Of 481 women enrolled, 224 (46.6%) were HIV seropositive. HIV-infected women were more likely to have abnormal vaginal discharge on physical examination (OR=2.6, P<0.01), HPV infection with a high-risk type (OR=6.9, P<0.01), and cervical dysplasia (OR=5.3, P<0.01). The prevalence of other gynaecological conditions detected at the enrolment visit did not differ by HN status. History of prior STD (OR=2.0, P<0.01) was more common among HIV-infected women. The median CD4 count was 400 cells/mu l among HIV-infected women. The prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge and bacterial vaginosis increased significantly with decreasing CD4 count. The prevalence of ectopy, vaginal candidiasis, and cervical dysplasia increased with decreasing CD4 count, but these trends were not significant. We conclude that HV-infected Thai women appear to have increased prevalences of abnormal vaginal discharge, squamous intraepithelial lesions and self-reported history of STD. C1 Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. RP Nagachinta, T (reprint author), CDC, WHFB, HIV Sect, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD NOV PY 1998 VL 9 IS 11 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1258/0956462981921341 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 141QH UT WOS:000077154600007 PM 9863581 ER PT J AU Grant, AD Sidibe, K Domoua, K Bonard, D Sylla-Koko, F Dosso, M Yapi, A Maurice, C Whitaker, JP Lucas, SB Hayes, RJ Wiktor, SZ De Cock, KM Greenberg, AE AF Grant, AD Sidibe, K Domoua, K Bonard, D Sylla-Koko, F Dosso, M Yapi, A Maurice, C Whitaker, JP Lucas, SB Hayes, RJ Wiktor, SZ De Cock, KM Greenberg, AE TI Spectrum of disease among HIV-infected adults hospitalised in a respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; Africa; tuberculosis; AIDS-related opportunistic infections; CD4 lymphocyte count ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS; OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASE; NATURAL-HISTORY; AIDS; TUBERCULOSIS; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS; SURVIVAL AB SETTING: Respiratory medicine wards of the University Teaching Hospital, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. OBJECTIVES: To describe the spectrum of opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HN) infected adults hospitalised in the respiratory medicine unit in Abidjan, and the level of immunosuppression at which these diseases occur. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. RESULTS: Overall, 75% of patients were HIV-positive: among these patients, the most frequent diagnosis was tuberculosis, in 61%, followed by bacterial pneumonia (15%), Gram-negative septicaemia (particularly nontyphoid Salmonella) (9%) and empyema (5%). Atypical pneumonias appeared to be rare. Most HIV-positive patients had CD4 counts indicative of advanced immunosuppression: 36% had CD4 counts below 100 x 10(6)/l, 19% between 100 and 199 x 10(6)/l, 29% between 200 and 499 x 10(6)/l, and 16% above 500 x 10(6)/l. Overall in-hospital mortality was 27% for HIV-positive patients and 22% for HIV-negative patients (P = 0.5). In a multivariate analysis, the strongest independent risk factors for death were cachexia (odds ratio [OR] 7.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-26.3), male sex (OR 4.5, 35% CI 1.2-17.4) and age over 40 (OR 4.1, 35% CI 1.0-17.2). CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis and bacterial infections are the major causes of respiratory morbidity in immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults in this population. Efforts to improve the management of HIV-related disease need to focus on prevention and treatment of these infections. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CHU Treichville, Serv Pneumophtisiol, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CHU Treichville, Ctr Diagnost & Rech SIDA, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Inst Pasteur, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & Tb Prevent, Dept HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. United Med & Dent Sch, St Thomas Hosp, Dept Histopathol, London, England. RP Grant, AD (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. OI Hayes, Richard/0000-0002-1729-9892 NR 29 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 2 IS 11 BP 926 EP 934 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 141QP UT WOS:000077155200012 PM 9848615 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Nakashima, AK Purcell, DW Ward, JW AF Sullivan, PS Nakashima, AK Purcell, DW Ward, JW CA HIV AIDS Surveillance Study Grp TI Geographic differences in noninjection and injection substance use among HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men: Western United States versus other regions SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE homosexual men; drug use; HIV infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; YOUNG GAY MEN; ABUSE TREATMENT; RISK-TAKING; DRUG-USE; ALCOHOL; AIDS; BEHAVIOR; INTERCOURSE; INFECTION AB To study the prevalence of and factors associated with the use of alcohol and nonprescription drugs by HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) and to describe variations in alcohol and nonprescription drug use by geographic region, we analyzed data from a multistate, population- and facility-based interview study conducted in 12 U.S, states and metropolitan areas. Among 9735 MSM with HIV infection or AIDS who completed a 45-minute interview, nearly one third reported possible alcohol abuse. Large proportions of MSM also reported the use of marijuana (51%), noninjected cocaine (31%), and crack cocaine (16%) in the 5 years before the interview. Smaller proportions of MSM reported ever having injected cocaine (13%), stimulants (8%), and heroin (8%). Results of logistic regression indicated that in the 5 years before interview, white MSM were significantly (p < .01) more likely than referent (mostly Hispanic) MSM to report use of hallucinogens, marijuana, nitrites, noninjected amphetamines, and diazepam; black MSM were significantly more likely than referent MSM to report use of noninjected crack cocaine. Use of injected stimulants was significantly associated with white race versus referent MSM, and residing in the West versus East. The prevalence of alcohol and drug use among HIV-seropositive MSM is high, and prevalences and types of substance use differ by region and racial/ethnic group. To prevent HIV transmission in this population, health departments and community-based organizations must understand the unique local patterns of substance use to develop effective substance abuse prevention and treatment programs. C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 266 EP 273 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 133NY UT WOS:000076693700009 PM 9803969 ER PT J AU Kitayaporn, D Vanichseni, S Mastro, TD Raktham, S Vaniyapongs, T Des Jarlais, DC Wasi, C Young, NL Sujarita, S Heyward, WL Esparza, J AF Kitayaporn, D Vanichseni, S Mastro, TD Raktham, S Vaniyapongs, T Des Jarlais, DC Wasi, C Young, NL Sujarita, S Heyward, WL Esparza, J TI Infection with HIV-1 subtypes B and E in injecting drug users screened for enrollment into a prospective cohort in Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA DE Asia; drug users; HIV; HIV-1 subtypes; molecular epidemiology; prevalence; Thailand ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; AIDS AB From May through August 1995, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among injecting drug users (IDUs) drawn from 15 drug treatment clinics in Bangkok and who were not known to be HIV-seropositive, to determine the prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes B and E and related risk behaviors, and to offer enrollment in a prospective cohort study. IDUs who voluntarily consented were interviewed, and blood specimens were tested for the presence of HIV antibodies. HIV-1-seropositive specimens were tested for subtypes B' (Thai B) and E by using V3 loop peptide enzyme immunoassays specific for these HIV-1 genetic subtypes. Of 1674 IDUs studied, the mean age was 31.2 years (interquartile range, 25-37 years), 94.8% were men, and 29.3% were HIV-l-seropositive. On multiple logistic regression analysis, HIV-1 seropositivity was associated with older age, not being married, less education, needle sharing, and incarceration. HIV-1 subtype B' accounted for 65% of prevalent infections and subtype E, 35%. Infection with subtype E was associated with younger age and did not seem to be associated with sexual risk behaviors, which were uncommon in general. Bangkok IDUs continue to be at high risk for HIV-1 infection related to needle sharing and incarceration. Although HIV-1 subtype B' accounts for most prevalent infections, subtype E seems to be more prevalent among younger IDUs, and most infections seem likely to result from parenteral transmission. C1 Minist Publ Hlth Thailand, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS Colloborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Med, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Joint UN Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, NY USA. RP Kitayaporn, D (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth Thailand, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS Colloborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 31 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 133NY UT WOS:000076693700012 PM 9803972 ER PT J AU Everett, SA Giovino, GA Warren, CW Crossett, L Kann, L AF Everett, SA Giovino, GA Warren, CW Crossett, L Kann, L TI Other substance use among high school students who use tobacco SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE substance use; drugs; tobacco; adolescents; gender differences; ethnic differences ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DRUG-USE; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; PROGRESSION; BEHAVIORS; CHILDREN AB Purpose: To examine relationships between tobacco use and use of other substances among U.S. high school students, by gender and racial/ethnic subgroups. Methods: Data about tobacco and other substance use were analyzed from the 1995 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers were significantly more likely to report use of all other substances we examined, including lifetime use of cocaine, inhalants, other illegal substances, and multiple substances and current alcohol use, episodic heavy drinking, marijuana use, and cocaine use. A strong dose-dependent relationship between current cigarette smoking and other substance use was identified. Among smokeless tobacco users, a strong dose-dependent relationship was found for all examined substances with the exception of lifetime and current cocaine use. Finally, a pattern of risk emerged suggesting that the likelihood of other substance use increases as students move from no tobacco use to smokeless tobacco use only, to cigarette smoking only, and to use of both smokeless tobacco and cigarettes. Conclusions: Programs designed to prevent tobacco or other substance use should consider that such use often occurs concomitantly. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1998 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Everett, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 1998 VL 23 IS 5 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00023-8 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 135LE UT WOS:000076802500009 PM 9814389 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, M Gentsch, JR Parashar, UD Jin, S Woods, PA Holmes, JL Kirkwood, CD Bishop, RF Greenberg, HB Urasawa, S Gerna, G Coulson, BS Taniguchi, K Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Ramachandran, M Gentsch, JR Parashar, UD Jin, S Woods, PA Holmes, JL Kirkwood, CD Bishop, RF Greenberg, HB Urasawa, S Gerna, G Coulson, BS Taniguchi, K Bresee, JS Glass, RI CA Natl Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System Colla TI Detection and characterization of novel rotavirus strains in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; P-TYPE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; NEW-DELHI; SEROTYPE; GENE AB We recently established a rotavirus strain surveillance system in the United States to monitor the prevalent G serotypes before and after the anticipated implementation of a vaccination program against rotavirus and to identify the emergence of uncommon strains. In this study, we examined 348 rotavirus strains obtained in 1996 to 1997 from children with diarrhea in 10 U.S. cities. Strains were characterized for P and G types, subgroups, and electropherotypes by using a combination of monoclonal antibody immunoassay, reverse transcription-PCR, and hybridization. The four strains most commonly found worldwide comprised 83% of the isolates (P[8]G1, 66.4%; P[4]G2, 8.3%; P[8]G3, 6.9%; P[8]G4, 1.4%), but 9.2% were unusual strains (P[6]G9, 5.5%; P[8]G9, 1.7%; P[6]G1, 1.4%; and P[4]G1 and P[8]G2, 0.3% each). Strains not typeable for P or G type accounted for 5.5% of the total, while 2.3% of the strains had more than one G type (mixed infections). All P[6] G9 strains tested had short electropherotypes and subgroup I specificity and were detected in 4 of 10 cities, while P[8] G9 strains had long electropherotypes and subgroup II VP6 antigens. Both sequence analysis of the VP7 open reading frame (about 94 to 95% amino acid identity with the VP7 gene of G9 prototype strain W161) and binding to a G9 specific monoclonal antibody strongly suggest that U.S. Go strains belong to serotype G9. The high detection rates of unusual rotaviruses with G9 (7.2%) or P[6] (6.9%) specificity in multiple U.S. cities suggest the emergence of new strains or inadequate diagnosis in the past. The epidemiologic importance of these strains remains to be determined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect MS G04, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Childrens Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol, Stanford, CA USA. Palo Alto Vet Adm Hosp, Palo Alto, CA USA. Sapporo Med Univ, Dept Hyg, Virus Lab, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Fujita Hlth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Virol & Parasitol, Aichi, Japan. IRCCS, Policlin San Matteo, Viral Diagnost Serv, Pavia, Italy. RP Gentsch, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect MS G04, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jrg4@cdc.gov OI Coulson, Barbara/0000-0002-2110-8147 NR 50 TC 136 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 3223 EP 3229 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 129YG UT WOS:000076491200021 PM 9774569 ER PT J AU Elie, CM Lott, TJ Reiss, E Morrison, CJ AF Elie, CM Lott, TJ Reiss, E Morrison, CJ TI Rapid identification of Candida species with species-specific DNA probes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DUBLINIENSIS; PCR; ALBICANS; STRAINS; BLOOD AB Rapid identification of Candida species has become more important because of an increase in infections caused by species other than Candida albicans, including species innately resistant to azole antifungal drugs. We previously developed a PCR assay with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) format to detect amplicons from the five most common Candida species by using universal fungal primers and species-specific probes directed to the ITS2 region of the gene for rRNA. We designed probes to detect seven additional Candida species (C, guilliermondii, C. kefyr, C. lambica, C. lusitaniae, C. pelliculosa, C. rugosa, and C. zeylanoides) included in the API 20C sugar assimilation panel, five probes for species not identified by API 20C (C. haemulonii, C. norvegica, C. norvegensis, C. utilis, and C. viswanathii), and a probe for the newly described species C. dubliniensis, creating a panel of 18 Candida species probes. The PCR-EIA correctly identified multiple strains of each species tested, including five identified as C. albicans by the currently available API 20C database but determined to be C. dubliniensis by genotypic and nonroutine phenotypic characteristics. Species identification time was reduced from a mean of 3.5 days by conventional identification methods to 7 h by the PCR-ELA. This method is simple, rapid, and feasible for identifying Candida species in clinical laboratories that utilize molecular identification techniques and provides a novel method to differentiate the new species, C. dubliniensis, from C. albicans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cjm3@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 112 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 36 IS 11 BP 3260 EP 3265 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 129YG UT WOS:000076491200028 PM 9774576 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Visvesvara, GS TI Efficacy of novel antimicrobials against clinical isolates of opportunistic amebas SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; amebas; azithromycin; Balamuthia; macrolides; opportunistic infections; phenothiazines ID ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION; IN-VITRO; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AIDS; AZITHROMYCIN; PATIENT; ANIMALS; GROWTH; HUMANS; AGENT AB We examined the effects of the macrolide antimicrobial agent azithromycin and phenothiazine compounds against clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris, opportunistic pathogens of human beings and other animals. Acanthamoeba growth was inhibited in vitro at 1, 5, and 10 mu g/ml of azithromycin, but not the macrolides, erythromycin, and clarithromycin. In experiments attempting to simulate in vivo conditions, azithromycin protected monolayers of rat glioma cells from destruction by Acanthamoeba at a concentration of 0.1 mu g/ml, and delayed destruction at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 mu g/ml. We concluded that the minimal inhibitory concentration of azithromycin was 0.1 mu g/ml. Our results, however, suggested that the drug was amebastatic but not amebicidal, since ameba growth eventually resumed after drug removal. The phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, and triflupromazine) inhibited Acanthamoeba growth by 70-90% at 5 and 10 mu g/ml, but some of these compounds were toxic for rat glioma cells at 10 mu g/ml. Azithromycin was not very effective against B. mandrillaris in an in vitro setting, but was amebastatic in tissue culture monolayers at concentrations of 0.1 mu g/ml and higher. Balamuthia amebas showed in vitro sensitivity to phenothiazines. Ameba growth was inhibited 30-45% at 5 mu g/ml in vitro, but completely at 5 mu g/ml in the rat glioma model. In spite of their potential as antiamebic drugs in Balamuthia infections, toxicity of phenothiazines limits their use in clinical settings. C1 CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Dept Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), 9 Marlin Cove, Oakland, CA 94618 USA. NR 18 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 45 IS 6 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1998.tb04557.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 148HB UT WOS:000077498300006 PM 9864851 ER PT J AU Trevejo, RT Rigau-Perez, JG Ashford, DA McClure, EM Jarquin-Gonzalez, C Amador, JJ de los Reyes, JO Gonzalez, A Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ McLean, RG Nasci, RS Weyant, RS Bolin, CA Bragg, SL Perkins, BA Spiegel, RA AF Trevejo, RT Rigau-Perez, JG Ashford, DA McClure, EM Jarquin-Gonzalez, C Amador, JJ de los Reyes, JO Gonzalez, A Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ McLean, RG Nasci, RS Weyant, RS Bolin, CA Bragg, SL Perkins, BA Spiegel, RA TI Epidemic leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage - Nicaragua, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiological-Research CY JUN 12-15, 1996 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Soc Epidemiol Res ID INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; ASSAY AB In October 1995, epidemic "hemorrhagic fever," without jaundice or renal manifestations, was reported in rural Nicaragua following heavy flooding; 2259 residents were evaluated for nonmalarial febrile illnesses (cumulative incidence, 6.1%) and 15 (0.7%) died with pulmonary hemorrhage, A case-control study found that case-patients were more likely than controls to have ever walked in creeks (matched odds ratio [MOR], 15.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-132.3), have household rodents (MOR, 10.4; 95% CI, 1.1-97.1), or own dogs with titers greater than or equal to 400 to Leptospira species (MOR, 23.4; 95% CI, 3.6-proportional to), Twenty-six of 51 case-patients had serologic or postmortem evidence of acute leptospirosis. Leptospira species were isolated from case-patients and potential animal reservoirs. This leptospirosis epidemic likely resulted from exposure to flood waters contaminated by urine from infected animals, particularly dogs. Leptospirosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for nonmalarial febrile illness, particularly during periods of flooding or when pulmonary hemorrhage occurs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Bacterial & Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mol Pathol & Ultrastruct Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. Asociac Probienestar Familia Nicaraguense, Managua, Nicaragua. Minist Salud, Complejo Nacl Salud, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Trevejo, RT (reprint author), Cty Sonoma Dept Hlth Serv, 3313 Chanate Rd, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. NR 28 TC 203 Z9 223 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1457 EP 1463 DI 10.1086/314424 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 138TQ UT WOS:000076989500028 PM 9780268 ER PT J AU Wenger, PN Brown, JM McNeil, MM Jarvis, WR AF Wenger, PN Brown, JM McNeil, MM Jarvis, WR TI Nocardia farcinica sternotomy site infections in patients following open heart surgery SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WOUND INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; RECIPIENTS AB Although Nocardia farcinica surgical site infection outbreaks have been reported (though rarely), no source for these has been identified. From May 1992 through June 1993, 5 patients contracted N. farcinica sternotomy site infections following open heart surgery at hospital A, A case-control study comparing case-patients (n = 5) with open heart surgery patients without subsequent sternotomy site infections (n = 50) identified as risk factors diabetes (4/5 vs. 11/50, P < .02) and exposure to a particular anesthesiologist (anesthesiologist A; 4/5 vs. 9/50, P < .01), Four case-patients' isolates and a hand isolate of anesthesiologist A had an identical ribotype pattern (strain 1); the remaining case-patient's isolate and multiple isolates from anesthesiologist A's hands and home had a different ribotype pattern (strain 2), An intensified hand-washing regimen, barriers (gloves, gowns), and cleaning of anesthesiologist A's house were associated with termination of the outbreak. This is the first reported nosocomial N. farcinica outbreak to document the source and person-to-person transmission epidemiologically and molecularly. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 178 IS 5 BP 1539 EP 1543 DI 10.1086/314450 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 138TQ UT WOS:000076989500043 PM 9780283 ER PT J AU Ellis, BA Mills, JN Glass, GE McKee, KT Enria, DA Childs, JE AF Ellis, BA Mills, JN Glass, GE McKee, KT Enria, DA Childs, JE TI Dietary habits of the common rodents in an agroecosystem in Argentina SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Calomys musculinus; Calomys laucha; Akodon azarae; Oligoryzomys flavescens; Bolomys obscurus; dietary selection; food habits ID MICROHISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; HERBIVORE DIETS; FOOD-HABITS; EXTRA FOOD; POPULATIONS; PREDATION; SELECTION; COMMUNITY; PRECISION AB Dietary habits of five common rodents in agroecosystems on the central Argentine Pampa were studied for 15 months using microhistological analysis of stomach contents. All five rodent species were omnivorous, but proportions of major dietary items (arthropods, dicot leaves and seeds, monocot leaves and seeds) varied among species and seasons. Akodon azarae largely was entomophagous; arthropods formed 41-62% of the diet in all seasons. The other four species (Calomys musculinus, Calomys laucha, Bolomys obscurus, and Oligoryzomys flavescens) consumed most diet items throughout the year, but relative proportions varied among seasons. Leaves formed a relatively minor proportion of the diet (12-16% overall for all species) throughout the year. All species except A. azarae consumed higher quantities of seeds (50-73% of stomach volume) than arthropods (15-35%) during autumn and winter but switched to higher quantities of arthropods (30-53%) in spring and summer. Diet breadth was narrower and overlap generally highest during winter when all species were forced to subsist on a reduced set of available resources. Of 28 plant species with >2% cover in the environment, 25 were identified in stomachs of one or more of the five rodent species. The most important plant species in the diet were corn and soybeans (mostly grain), seed of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense), chickweed (Stellaria media), and Amaranthus. High consumption of arthropods, especially by A. azarae, contraindicates the broad-scale use of rodenticides until the role of that rodent species in the control of pest insects can be ascertained. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Womach Army Med Ctr, Communicable Dis Unit, Ft Bragg, NC 28307 USA. RP Ellis, BA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Self, Casey/B-6871-2011; Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 49 TC 35 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 79 IS 4 BP 1203 EP 1220 DI 10.2307/1383012 PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 145PH UT WOS:000077379900012 ER PT J AU Guo, HR Gilmore, R Waag, DM Shireley, L Freund, E AF Guo, HR Gilmore, R Waag, DM Shireley, L Freund, E TI Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections among North Dakota sheep producers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WILDLIFE-LIVESTOCK ENVIRONMENT; Q-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; NOVA-SCOTIA; OUTBREAK; PNEUMONIA; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; ENDOCARDITIS; CAT AB A case of Q fever in a sheep producer was detected by a surveillance system in North Dakota in 1993 when Q fever was not reportable. This is the first officially documented case in the state. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection and identify associated risk factors, we conducted a slurry covering the whole state. A total of 17 cases were identified among 496 sheep producers, their-family members, and hired helpers. The number of sheep raised was a good predictor of C. burnetii infection, Lambing outdoors and frequent physical contacts with sheep during lambing were associated with a higher risk, but petting dogs was correlated with a lower risk. We conclude that C. burnetii infection is prevalent among sheep producers in North Dakota, As the result, Q fever became a reportable disease in North Dakota. C1 Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH USA. N Dakota State Dept Hlth & Consolidated Labs, Bismarck, ND USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. RP Guo, HR (reprint author), Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 138 Sheng Li Rd, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 40 IS 11 BP 999 EP 1006 DI 10.1097/00043764-199811000-00011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 140AD UT WOS:000077062600011 PM 9830608 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Ramos, M Arduino, MJ Aguero, SM Deseda, C Banerjee, S Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Ramos, M Arduino, MJ Aguero, SM Deseda, C Banerjee, S Jarvis, WR TI Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa polymicrobial bloodstream infections traced to extrinsic contamination of a dextrose multidose vial SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE AB Objective: To identify risk factors for polymicrobial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients during an outbreak of BSIs. Design: During an outbreak of BSIs, we conducted a retrospective cohort study, assessed NICU infection control practices and patient exposure to NICU healthcare workers (HCWs), and obtained cultures of the environment and HCW hands. Patients: During the period May 3 to 7, 1996, 5 infants contracted BSIs caused by both Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and one infant contracted a BSI caused by E cloacae only. For each pathogen, all isolates were identical on DNA typing Results: Infants exposed to the following were more likely than nonexposed infants to have BSI: umbilical venous catheters (6/14 vs 0/7, P =.05), total parenteral nutrition given simultaneously with a dextrose/electrolyte solution (6/12 vs 0/9, P =.02), or one HCW (5/7 vs 1/13, P =.007). Neither environmental nor HCW hand cultures yielded the outbreak pathogens. Quality control cultures of intravenous solution bags were negative. Conclusions: We speculate that a dextrose multidose vial became contaminated during manipulation or needle puncture and that successive use of this contaminated vial for multiple patients may have been responsible for BSIs. Aseptic techniques must be employed when multidose vial medications are used. Single-dose vials should be used for parenteral additives whenever possible to reduce the risk of extrinsic contamination and subsequent transmission of nosocomial pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, State Epidemiol Dept, Frio Piedras, PR USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mailstop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 11 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 133 IS 5 BP 640 EP 644 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70104-0 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 137MZ UT WOS:000076919800011 PM 9821421 ER PT J AU Kann, L Kinchen, SA Williams, BI Ross, JG Lowry, R Hill, CV Grunbaum, JA Blumson, PS Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ AF Kann, L Kinchen, SA Williams, BI Ross, JG Lowry, R Hill, CV Grunbaum, JA Blumson, PS Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ CA State & Local YRBSS Coordinators TI Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 1997 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults - behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HN] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, 3 territorial surveys, and 17 local surveys conducted among high school students from February through May 1997. In the United Stares, 73% of all deaths among youth, and young adults 10-24 years of age result from only four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the national 1997 YRBSS demonstrate that many high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes - 19.3% had rarely or never worn a seat belt; during the 30 days preceding the survey, 36.6% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 18.3% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 50.8% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 26.2% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 7.7% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity among school-age youth, young adults, and their children also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HN infection. YRBSS results indicate that in 1997, 48.4% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 43.2% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 2.1% had ever injected an illegal drug. Of all deaths and substantial morbidity among adults greater than or equal to 25 years of age, 67% result from two causes - cardiovascular disease and cancer. Most of the risk behaviors associated with these causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1997, 36.4% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 70.7% had not eaten five or more servings of fruits and vegetables during the day preceding the survey: and 72.6% had not attended physical education class daily. These YRBSS data are already being used by health and education officials to improve national, state, and local policies and programs to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of morbidity and mortality YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives and one of the eight National Education Goals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Westat Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Macro Int Inc, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Kann, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 1998 VL 68 IS 9 BP 355 EP 369 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 145WQ UT WOS:000077395700002 PM 9854692 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Anderson, LJ TI Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies in BALB/c mice after acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection or immunization with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUSION PROTEIN; CELL MEMORY; M2 PROTEIN; CHALLENGE; PHENOTYPE; RESISTANCE; EPITOPES; CD4(+); DEPLETION; RESPONSES AB A better understanding of the immune response to live and formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is important for developing nonlive vaccines. In this study, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and II-restricted, RSV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequencies were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mice intranasally infected with live RSV or intramuscularly inoculated with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV), After RSV infection, both class I- and class Ii-restricted CTLps were detected by day 4 or 5 postinfection (p.i.), Peak CTLp frequencies were detected by day 7 p.i, The class II-restricted CTLp frequencies in the BAL following RSV infection were less than class I-restricted CTLp frequencies through day 14 p.i., during which class I-restricted CTLp frequencies remained elevated, but then declined by 48 days p.i. The frequencies of class II-restricted CTLps in the BAL were 2- to 10-fold less than those of class I-restricted CTLps. For spleen cells, frequencies of both MHC class I- and II-restricted CTLps to live RSV were similar. In contrast, class II-restricted CTLps predominated in FI-RSV-vaccinated mice. RSV challenge of vaccinated mice resulted in an increase in the frequency of class I-restricted CTLps at day 3 p.i. but did not enhance class II-restricted CTLp frequencies. These studies demonstrate differences in the CTLp response to live RSV infection compared with FI-RSV immunization and help define possible mechanisms of enhanced disease after FI-RSV immunization. In addition, these studies provide a quantitative means to address potential vaccine candidates by examining both MHC class I- and II-restricted CTLp frequencies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 72 IS 11 BP 8971 EP 8975 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 127WN UT WOS:000076373700061 PM 9765442 ER PT J AU Irwin, K Scarlett, M Moseley, R AF Irwin, K Scarlett, M Moseley, R TI The urgent need for new HIV/STD prevention options for women SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV; NONOXYNOL-9; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Irwin, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1081 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 147TZ UT WOS:000077514800010 PM 9861583 ER PT J AU Phillips, D Phillips, B Mannino, D AF Phillips, D Phillips, B Mannino, D TI A case study and national database report of progressive systemic sclerosis and associated conditions SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; SCLERODERMA AB We report the case of a 34-year-old white woman with a history of progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) that may be either a rare complication of PSS or induced by D-penicillamine. The DAH progressed to hemoptysis and led to intubation for airway protection. The patient progressed to acute renal failure. Her chest xray revealed diffuse bilateral infiltrates. She developed pulmonary fibrosis with secondary pulmonary hypertension. She experienced a brief period of improvement of her respiratory status after steroid treatment. We also report a database of 21,442 decedents with PSS over a 15-year period from 1979 to 1994. Our report demonstrates that of over 21,000 decedents, only 0.2% had pulmonary hemorrhage or hemoptysis or both listed as a cause of death. The data also demonstrate that PSS was the underlying cause of death more frequently in younger people. Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher for blacks than for whites and for women than for men. C1 Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Phillips, B (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 800 Rose St,MN-614, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1099 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 147TZ UT WOS:000077514800014 PM 9861587 ER PT J AU Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Casper, ML Matson-Koffman, D AF Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Casper, ML Matson-Koffman, D TI Prevalence of multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors among women in the United States, 1992 and 1995: The behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SELF-REPORTED HYPERTENSION; TELEPHONE SURVEY; HEART-DISEASE; CORONARY; HEALTH; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; VALIDITY; POLICY; PROFESSIONALS AB We sought to examine the prevalence of self-reported multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (hypertension, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, overweight, and current smoking) among women in 1992 and 1995 in the United States using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. In 1995 37.5%, 34.4%, and 28.1% of women had zero, one, and two or more of the five risk factors, respectively. In 1995, the respective estimates were 35.5%, 34.3%, and 30%. In both years, the prevalence of two or more risk factors increased with age, decreased with educational level, was higher among black women (lowest among Hispanic women and women of other ethnic groups), and higher among women reporting cost as a barrier to healthcare. The percentage of women with two or more risk factors was higher in 1995 than in 1992 for 35 of 48 states, being statistically significant for 7 states. The percentage of women with at least two risk factors was not significantly lower in 1995 than in 1992 for any state. A higher percentage of women report-ed having multiple CVD risk factors in 1995 compared with 1992. A multifactorial approach to primary prevention and risk factor reduction should be encouraged to help reduce the prevalence and burden of CVD among women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Greenlund, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD NOV PY 1998 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1125 EP 1133 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.1125 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 147TZ UT WOS:000077514800017 PM 9861590 ER PT J AU Tacyildiz, N Cavdar, AO Ertem, U Oksal, A Kutluay, L Uluoglu, O Lin, JC AF Tacyildiz, N Cavdar, AO Ertem, U Oksal, A Kutluay, L Uluoglu, O Lin, JC TI Unusually high frequency of a 69-bp deletion within the carboxy terminus of the LMP-1 oncogene of Epstein-Barr virus detected in Burkitt's lymphoma of Turkish children SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article DE Burkitt's lymphoma; EBV; LMP-1 oncogene; deletion ID LATENT MEMBRANE PROTEIN-1; HODGKINS-DISEASE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA; BNLF-1 GENE; LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; VIRAL EBV; HOT-SPOTS; REGION AB Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in Turkish children is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The C-terminus of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) of EBV is essential for transformation and the 30-bp deletion detected in this region has been implicated to be associated with a more aggressive malignant phenotype. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying EBV pathogenesis in BL of Turkish children, we analyzed 30-bp deletion and 33-bp variable repeat regions of the LMP-1 gene from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues of 30 BL patients (mean age 5.9 years). Primer pairs spanning the 30-bp deletion and 33-bp repeat regions were designed far amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR-amplified products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, Southern blot hybridization, and DNA sequencing. Twenty-eight (93%) of 30 BL biopsy samples were EBV positive as determined by PCR. Variable copy numbers (ranging from 4.5 to 7) of the 33-bp repeat of LMP-1 gene were detected in these EBV-containing tumor samples. To determine the frequency of the 30-bp deletion of the LMP-1 gene, we sequenced the amplimers encompassing this region. Analyses of DNA sequence of 28 Turkish BLs have disclosed four patterns: the first (32% (9/28)) is identical to B95-8 with no deletion, the second (11% (3/28)) Is identical to Asian NPC CAO strain with 30-bp deletion, the third (46% (13/28)) is prevalent in Turkish BLs with a longer deletion (69 bp), and the fourth (11% (3/28)) consists of a mixture of 30-bp and 69-bp deletion. The occurrence of high frequency of the 69-bp deletion appears to have no correlation with the disease site. Mutations found in the CAO strain were also detected in the Turkish BL clustering at the amino acids 322, 334, 338 and 342; whereas mutations specific for Turkish BL were clustered at amino acids 326, 352 and 361. To assess the EBV genotype with the changes in C-terminus of LMP-1 gene, we performed genotyping by PCR to differentiate type A and B strain. All 28 patients were infected by type A EBV. Such a high frequency of the larger size (69 bp) deletion has never been reported. Ascertaining the role of this deletion in BL pathogenesis will require further study. C1 Dr Sami Ulus Children Hosp, Dept Pediat Oncol, Ankara, Turkey. Ankara Univ, Pediat Oncol Hematol Res Ctr, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey. Gen Pathol Ctr, Ankara, Turkey. Gozi Univ, Dept Pathol, Ankara, Turkey. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Tzu Chi Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, 701,Sect 3,Chung Yang Rd, Hualien 970, Taiwan. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD NOV PY 1998 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1796 EP 1805 DI 10.1038/sj.leu.2401203 PG 10 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 138RZ UT WOS:000076987700019 PM 9823956 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Torok, TJ Belay, ED Janssen, RS Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Torok, TJ Belay, ED Janssen, RS Schonberger, LB TI Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States, 1979-1994: Increased mortality associated with HIV infection SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; mortality; epidemiology; human immunodeficiency virus infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS; TRENDS AB To examine trends in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) mortality in the United States, we analyzed PML death rates and deaths for 1979 through 1994, using US multiple cause-of-death data. During the 16-year study period 3,894 PML deaths were reported. The age-adjusted death rate increased more than 20-fold, from less than 0.2 per million persons before 1984 to 3.3 per million persons in 1994. The increase was attributable to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which was recorded on 2,267 (89.0%) of 2.546 death records from 1991 through 1994. PML age-adjusted death rates increased abruptly for all males beginning in 1984 and for black females in 1990. Only a small increase was observed for white females. In 1994, PML was reported in 2.1% of white males who died with HIV-associated disease compared with 1.2% of white females and 1.0% of black males and females who died of similar causes. The epidemic of PML deaths is increasing in parallel with the AIDS epidemic. The increase in HIV-associated PML deaths, first noted among males, has also become apparent among females and probably reflects the increasing importance of drug use and heterosexual transmission of HIV. The reason for the higher prevalence of PML among white males with HIV infection is unknown. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 18 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1159/000026184 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 133LM UT WOS:000076688100004 PM 9778596 ER PT J AU Lawson, HW Lee, NC Thames, SF Henson, R Miller, DS AF Lawson, HW Lee, NC Thames, SF Henson, R Miller, DS TI Cervical cancer screening among low-income women: Results of a national screening program, 1991-1995 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATYPICAL SQUAMOUS CELLS; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; UTERINE CERVIX; UNITED-STATES; MASS; NETHERLANDS; EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT; CYTOLOGY AB Objective: To evaluate the results of cervical cytology screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program and to compare the findings with results from other screening programs. Methods: We analyzed data on 312,858 women aged 18 years and older who received one or more Papanicolaou smears, and follow-up if indicated, from October 1991 through June 1995 at screening sites across the United States providing comprehensive National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program services. Results: Of the women screened, more than half were 40 years or older; slightly less than half (44%) were of racial and ethnic minorities. During the first screening cycle, 3.8% of Papanicolaou tests were reported as abnormal (squamous intraepithelial lesion [SIL] or squamous cell cancer); proportions of abnormals decreased with increasing age. The age-adjusted rate of biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or worse among women screened was 7.4 per 1000 Papanicolaou tests; rates of CIN were highest among young women, but cancer rates peaked among women in their 50s and 60s. The percentages of: first screening cycle-Papanicolaou tests interpreted as high-grade SIL and squamous cell carcinoma associated with biopsy-confirmed CIN II or worse (the positive predictive value) were 56.0% for CIN II/III and 3.7% for invasive cancer. Of the 150 invasive cancers diagnosed, 54.0% were classified as local disease. Conclusion: Observed results emphasize the duality of cervical neoplasia-CIN in younger women and invasive cancer in older women. This finding points to the importance of reaching both younger and older women for cervical cancer screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lawson, HW (reprint author), US Hlth Care Financing Adm, 2201 6th Ave,RX42, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. EM hlawson@hcfa.gov NR 36 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 92 IS 5 BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00257-9 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 131PG UT WOS:000076584000002 PM 9794662 ER PT J AU Halperin, W Vogt, R Sweeney, MH Shopp, G Fingerhut, M Petersen, M AF Halperin, W Vogt, R Sweeney, MH Shopp, G Fingerhut, M Petersen, M TI Immunological markers among workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dioxin; immunotoxicity ID LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; 2,3,7,8-TCDD AB Objectives-To examine the association of immune cell Plumber and function with occupational, exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibernzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Methods-A cross sectional medical survey. The exposed participants were employed at two chemical plants between 1951 and 1972 in the manufacture of 2,4,5-trichlorophenate and its derivatives. The reference group consisted of people with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides who lived within the communities of the workers. Data from a total of 259 workers and 243 unexposed referents were included in the analysis of immune function. Laboratory tests for immune status included enumeration of circulating leukocyte and lymphocyte populations, proliferative responses of circulating lymphocytes to mitogens and antigens, and serum concentrations of the major immunoglobulins and complement factor C3. Results-The workers had substantial exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD, as indicated by a lipid adjusted mean serum TCDD concentration of 229 gpt compared with a mean of 6 ppt in the unexposed referents. Workers were divided into categories based on their serum TCDD concentration. For all categories except the lowest, with values of serum TCDD comparable with the unexposed referents, there mere increased odds of having lower counts of CD26, cells (activated T cells) (odds ratio (OR) 1.0, 95% confidence interval (95% Cl) 0.5 to 1.8 for TCDD <20 ppt; OR 1.6, 95% Cl 0.8 to 3.2 for TCDD 20-51 ppt; OR 2.7, 95% CP 1.4 to 5.1 for TCDD 52-125 ppt; OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.9 for TCDD 125-297 ppt; OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.6 for TCDD 298-3389 ppt). A less consistent finding was decreased spontaneous proliferation of cultured lymphocytes. However, increases were found in proliferation of lymphocytes in response to concanavalin and pokeweed in workers in the high TCDD category. Age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol were significant predictors of several immunological outcomes. Conclusions-Associations between serum TCDD concentration and both a decrease inn circulating CD26 cells and decreased spontaneous background proliferation were the major findings of this study. These results are unlikely to be of clinical importance but may reflect limited evidence for an association between immunological changes in workers and high serum concentrations of TCDD, or chance findings resulting from the evaluation of multiple immunological variables. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Amgen Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. RP Halperin, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 55 IS 11 BP 742 EP 749 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 131PF UT WOS:000076583900004 PM 9924450 ER PT J AU Bousvaros, A Sundel, R Thorne, GM McIntosh, K Cohen, M Erdman, DD Perez-Atayde, A Finkel, TH Colin, AA AF Bousvaros, A Sundel, R Thorne, GM McIntosh, K Cohen, M Erdman, DD Perez-Atayde, A Finkel, TH Colin, AA TI Parvovirus B19-associated interstitial lung disease, hepatitis, and myositis SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parvovirus; parvovirus B19; interstitial lung disease; pneumonia; fibrosing alveolitis; hepatitis; childhood ID EXPANDING SPECTRUM; B19 INFECTION; P-ANTIGEN; CHILDREN; VASCULITIS; PNEUMONIA; ARTHRITIS C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Resp Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Combined Program Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Rheumatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Acton Med Associates, Acton, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Rheumatol, Denver, CO USA. RP Colin, AA (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Div Resp Dis, Mailstop 208,300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Sundel, Robert/0000-0002-0083-5695 FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 MO1 RR 02172] NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(199811)26:5<365::AID-PPUL11>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 5 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 145GJ UT WOS:000077362400011 PM 9859908 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, RB Spitz, AM Strauss, LT Morris, L Santelli, JS Koonin, LM Marks, JS AF Kaufmann, RB Spitz, AM Strauss, LT Morris, L Santelli, JS Koonin, LM Marks, JS TI The decline in US teen pregnancy rates, 1990-1995 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pregnancy in adolescence; birth rate; abortion; sex behavior ID UNITED-STATES; ABORTION AB Objectives. Estimate pregnancy, abortion, and birth rates for 1990 to 1995 for all teens, sexually experienced teens, and sexually active teens. Design. Retrospective analysis of national data on pregnancies, abortions, and births. Participants. US women aged 15 to 19 years. Outcome Measures. Annual pregnancy, abortion, and birth rates for 1990 to 1995 for women aged 15 to 19 years, with and without adjustments for sexual experience (ever had intercourse), and sexual activity (had intercourse within last 3 months). Results. Approximately 40% of women aged 15 to 19 years were sexually active in 1995. Teen pregnancy rates were constant from 1990 to 1991. From 1991 to 1995, the annual pregnancy rate for women aged 15 to 19 years decreased by 13% to 83.6 per 1000. The percentage of teen pregnancies that ended in induced abortions decreased yearly; thus, the abortion rate decreased more than the birth fate (21% vs 9%). From 1988 to 1995, the proportion of sexually experienced teens decreased nonsignificantly. Conclusions. After a 9% rise from 1985 to 1990, teen pregnancy rates reached a turning point in 1991 and are now declining. Physicians should counsel their adolescent patients about responsible sexual behavior, including abstinence and proper use of regular and emergency contraception. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaufmann, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop F-42,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 102 IS 5 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.1542/peds.102.5.1141 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 134ZT UT WOS:000076774600021 PM 9794946 ER PT J AU Braun, MM Terracciano, G Salive, ME Blumberg, DA Vermeer-de Bondt, PE Heijbel, H Evans, G Patriarca, PA Ellenberg, SS AF Braun, MM Terracciano, G Salive, ME Blumberg, DA Vermeer-de Bondt, PE Heijbel, H Evans, G Patriarca, PA Ellenberg, SS TI Report of a US Public Health Service Workshop on hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE) after pertussis immunization SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccine; pertussis vaccine; acellular pertussis vaccine; hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode; collapse; vaccine safety; adverse reaction ID ADVERSE REACTIONS; SYSTEM VAERS; VACCINE; CHILDREN; INFANTS; EVENTS; DTP AB Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode (HHE) is a term used to describe a somewhat heterogenous group of clinical disorders that have been reported primarily in association with whole-cell pertussis vaccination. A 1991 review by the Institute of Medicine determined that the evidence available was indeed consistent with a causal relation between whole-cell pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus immunization and HHE, but that the evidence was insufficient to indicate a causal relationship between HHE and the subsequent development of permanent neurologic damage. More recent data from clinical trials conducted in Europe suggest that HHE also occurs after vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines. The US Food and Drug Administration, in collaboration with the US Public Health Service, sponsored a workshop on HHE in Rockville, Maryland, on June 19, 1997. The primary goals of the workshop were to develop a case definition of HHE and to evaluate the general design and feasibility of possible studies of HHE using the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national passive surveillance system. The goals of such studies would be to understand better the acute HHE event and to evaluate the possibility of longterm sequelae. Case Definition. There has been no generally accepted definition of HHE, and a standard definition would be useful for vaccine safety work and would potentially facilitate interstudy comparisons of the growing number of licensed vaccines containing acellular pertussis components. The workshop defined HHE as an event of sudden onset occurring within 48 hours of immunization, with duration of the episode ranging from 1 minute to 48 hours, in children younger than 10 years of age. All of the following must be present: 1) limpness or hypotonia, 2) reduced responsiveness or hyporesponsiveness, and 3) pallor or cyanosis or failure to observe or to recall skin coloration. HHE is not considered to have occurred if there is a known cause for these signs leg, postictal), if urticaria is present during the event, if normal skin coloration is observed throughout the episode, or if the child is simply sleeping. This inclusive (sensitive) case definition will allow investigators, through the technique of stratification according to certain characteristics leg, time from vaccination to onset of HHE), to attempt to hone the definition and make it more specific. Refinement of the definition of HHE has been hindered by the lack of information on its pathophysiology and by the lack of pathognomonic signs, symptoms, and diagnostic tests. Another hindrance is that by the time the child presents for medical evaluation, the signs of HHE often have normalized. Moreover, different mechanisms may be involved in different individuals whose events meet this workshop's HHE definition. Further Study of HHE. Probably the most important question about HHE is whether it has any permanent sequelae. The workshop assessed the possible contribution VAERS-based studies could make to answering this question and found substantial methodologic problems; however, ongoing studies in Sweden and The Netherlands have the potential to provide useful information on this question. The most useful contribution of VAERS data would be in a descriptive study of HHE, with a possible case-control study of factors that may affect the risk of HHE after vaccination, rather than a study of possible permanent sequelae. The workshop participants felt that a detailed descriptive study of similar to 100 HHE events reported during a 1- to 2-year period could provide a more in-depth description of HHE cases in greater numbers than has been published previously, but the study would not address the issue of long-term sequelae of HHE. Better descriptive data may lead to new hypotheses concerning risk factors, etiology, and pathophysiology of HHE that might be evaluated further by studying subsequent cases and controls from VAERS or from other sources, depending on the hypotheses being tested. Workshop participants agreed that the question of possible long-term sequelae of HHE may currently be best answered in studies being conducted outside of the United States. A cohort of 82 892 infants was enrolled in the Stockholm II randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of one whole-cell and three acellular pertussis vaccines in Sweden in 1993-1994. In this trial, 101 infants developed HHE after vaccination. Of these children, 100 (1 had left Sweden) were evaluated subsequently at 18 months of age, using routine screening tests of motor and cognitive development intended to detect moderate to serious developmental problems. All 100 were found to be developing normally. At older ages, when more subtle developmental problems are detectable, comparison of the physical development and neurodevelopment of these children with a sample of trial participants without a history of HHE should be feasible. A protocol for a study to make such a comparison at ages 5 1/2 and 8 1/2 years is being prepared. In The Netherlands, a case-control study of infants who had HHE reported in 1995 is ongoing. The HHE events were detected through national surveillance linked to the health care delivery system. Growth, health, and neurodevelopment are being assessed. Data presented at the workshop concerning children with HHE reported in 1994 indicate that all 101 children followed during the second year of life (mean age, 1.5 years) were in good health and developing normally. An interesting finding of this follow-up study was the low rate of recurrent collapse (subsequent HHE occurrences) after repeat doses of pertussis vaccine. Summary. Despite increasingly widespread use of acellular pertussis vaccine in infants, HHE will continue to occur. The HHE definition proposed by this workshop should facilitate interstudy comparisons of HHE incidence among in the growing number of vaccines containing acellular pertussis components and perhaps of other vaccines as well. This definition also may aid study in VAERS and elsewhere of the etiology, pathophysiology, and descriptive epidemiology of HHE. Ongoing investigations in Sweden and The Netherlands have the potential to expand substantially knowledge of the possibility of long-term sequelae of HHE. C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab Clin Vaccine Res, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Vaccine Safety Project, Stockholm, Sweden. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Div Vaccine Injury Compensat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Braun, MM (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 102 IS 5 AR e52 DI 10.1542/peds.102.5.e52 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 134ZT UT WOS:000076774600004 PM 9794982 ER PT J AU Hediger, ML Overpeck, MD Kuczmarski, RJ McGlynn, A Maurer, KR Davis, WW AF Hediger, ML Overpeck, MD Kuczmarski, RJ McGlynn, A Maurer, KR Davis, WW TI Muscularity and fatness of infants and young children born small- or large-for-gestational-age SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE small-for-gestational-age; large-for-gestational-age; muscularity; fatness; growth; infants ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; CHILDHOOD GROWTH; FAT DISTRIBUTION; BODY-COMPOSITION; FETAL GROWTH; APPROPRIATE; ADULTHOOD; DISEASE; PRETERM; LIFE AB Objective. There is growing interest in the extent to which body composition, both short- and long-term, differs in infants and children born at the extremes of birth weight. This is because a growing number of studies have linked low birth weight and fetal growth restriction to the chronic diseases in adulthood that often are obesity-related, and there is also evidence to suggest that heavy infants may be at increased risk for obesity in later life, again with the attendant obesity-related chronic diseases. Our objective was to compare anthropometric indices of body composition of infants and young children born small-for-gestational-age (SGA, <10th percentile) or large-for-gestational age (LGA, greater than or equal to 90th percentile) with those of normal birth weight status (appropriate-for-gestational-age, AGA) in a US sample. Design. National sample of US-born non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American infants and young children, 2 to 47 months of age, examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994), for whom birth certificates were obtained. The primary outcomes were normalized anthropometric indices (z scores or standard deviation units [SDU]) of nutritional status and body composition (mid-upper arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, mid-upper arm muscle and mid-upper arm fat areas (UFA), and the arm fat index). The outcomes thus were scaled to permit comparison across chronologic ages. Results. The prevalence of SGA was 8.6%, appropriate-for-gestational-age 80.9%, and LGA 10.5%. From ages 2 to 47 months, for infants and young children born SGA, there was a persistent overall deficit in muscularity (mid-upper arm circumference and mid-upper arm muscle area) of approximately -0.50 SDU, but less of a deficit in fatness, particularly at the youngest ages. For infants and young children born LGA, there was a surfeit in muscularity of similar to 0.45 SDU, with less of a surfeit in fatness, particularly at the youngest ages. Across all ages, the mean UFA showed a statistically significant deficit for SGA children (-0.27 +/- 0.10 SDU) and surfeit for LGA children (0.24 +/- 0.08 SDU). At individual ages for UFA and at individual and all ages combined for skinfold thicknesses, there were no significant differences in level of subcutaneous fatness in the three birth-weight-for-gestational-age groups. There was a tendency in the first year for the arm fat index (% arm fat) to be significantly higher for SGA infants, but the effect did not persist after the first year. Conclusion. SGA infants remain smaller and LGA infants larger in size through early childhood, but the discrepancies in weight are primarily attributable to differences in lean body mass (muscularity). Fatness is less affected. Thus, based on the fatness indicators used, at any given weight for infants and children 2 to 47 months of age, percent body fat appears to be relatively higher for children who were SGA at birth and lower in those who were LGA at birth. These differences in body composition for SGA infants support the evidence documenting a link between disturbances in intrauterine growth and chronic disease associated with subsequent adiposity in adulthood. C1 NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Hyattsville, MD USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. RP Overpeck, MD (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Bldg 6100,Rm 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 34 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 102 IS 5 AR e60 DI 10.1542/peds.102.5.e60 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 134ZT UT WOS:000076774600012 PM 9794990 ER PT J AU Quinlan, KP Sacks, JJ Kresnow, MJ AF Quinlan, KP Sacks, JJ Kresnow, MJ TI Exposure to and compliance with pediatric injury prevention counseling - United States, 1994 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE counseling; wounds and injuries; child; accident prevention ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; BICYCLE AB Background. Because injuries are the leading cause of death in children, injury prevention counseling is recommended as part of routine pediatric care. Increasing such counseling is a national health objective. Estimating the proportion of US children who receive such counseling and assessing their compliance with safety recommendations may help improve counseling efforts. Methods. Respondents to a 1994 random digit-dial telephone survey of the US population were asked about receipt of age-appropriate injury prevention counseling at a medical visit and related safety practices for a randomly selected child 0 to 14 years of age in the household (N = 1596). Results. Receiving any injury prevention counseling was reported for 39.3% of children 0 to 14 years old who had a medical visit in the past year and was more common among children who were younger, lived in urban areas, and lived in poverty. In general, receiving counseling was associated with safer behaviors. Counseling about ipecac was reported for 17.2% of children 0 to 6 years old; having ipecac in the home was more likely for those counseled (73.4% vs 32.0%). Counseling about posting the poison control number was reported for 24.9% of children 0 to 6 years old; posting this number was more common among those counseled (79.3% vs 52.6%). Counseling about bicycle helmets was reported for 18.6% of children 5 to 14 years old; a report of always wearing a helmet was more common among those counseled (43.9%: vs 19.1%.). Counseling about car seals and safety belts; was reported for 25.4% of children 0 to 14 years old; a report of always using occupant restraints was more common among those counseled (89.0% vs 78.2%). Conclusions. Injury prevention counseling is associated with reported preventive safety practices among US children, but a relatively small proportion of households with young children report receiving such counseling. Health care providers should increase efforts to provide injury prevention counseling. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinlan, KP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 102 IS 5 AR e55 DI 10.1542/peds.102.5.e55 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 134ZT UT WOS:000076774600007 PM 9794985 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Rupprecht, CE AF Meltzer, MI Rupprecht, CE TI A review of the economics of the prevention and control of rabies part 2: Rabies in dogs, livestock and wildlife SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Review ID ORAL IMMUNIZATION; RACCOON RABIES; CANINE RABIES; VACCINE; BENEFITS; FIELD; COSTS; ELIMINATION; COVERAGE; EUROPE AB Although rabies in domestic and wild animals represents a significant threat to public health and can cause economic losses among livestock, there are very few studies that examine the economics of rabies in animals. The literature that does exist can be characterised as poorly documented estimates of costs, with insufficient information to allow replication of the analyses. Most papers have numerous 'violations' of the standard recommended procedures for assessing burden of disease and the cost and benefits of interventions. For example, most studies do not distinguish between financial charges and true economic costs. Further, despite the fact that controlling rabies in animal-populations is often a multi-year task, only a few papers contain a multi-year framework, complete with discounting of future costs and benefits. Globally, dog-transmitted rabies represents the largest threat to human health. In order to prevent the transmission of rabies in a dog population, it is theoretically necessary to vaccinate a minimum of 60 to 70% of the dogs. Even countries with potentially sufficient resources, however, do not often meet and sustain these rates. One reason for such failure might be that individual dog owners might feel that it is too expensive to vaccinate their pets. Recent estimates in the US of the cost of vaccinating dogs range from $US16 to $US21 per dog. In developing countries, estimates range from $US0.52 in Thailand, to $US1.19 in the Philippines, to $US2.70 in Malawi. None of these estimates include indirect costs accrued by the pst owners. Lethal methods of dog population control are even more expensive, and attempting to control rabies by reducing dog populations has not worked for any extended period. Rabies in livestock is often reported, but the impact in the US and most developed countries appears relatively small. Vampire bat-transmitted rabies in Latin America appears to be the most serious rabies problem in livestock. The largest cost due to wildlife rabies is the cost of vaccinating domestic animals, both large and small. In the US, domestic animals face multiple sources of wildlife rabies, attributing the entire cost of vaccinating domestic animals to 1 species can result in the over estimation of the benefits Of immunising a given wildlife population via vaccine-laden baits. For example, despite a definite decline in the number of rabid foxes, it has been difficult to obtain the promised benefits of using oral vaccines in Europe to control fox rabies. Other authors maintain that the use of oral vaccines to control fox rabies is cost beneficial, but there are no convincing data supporting that claim. Additionally, vaccinating raccoons with an oral vaccine requires approximately 4 times more vaccine-laden baits vaccinating foxes, which makes it highly questionable if it would be cost beneficial to use oral vaccine to attempt raccoon rabies elimination in areas where it is already enzootic. The economics of using oral vaccines to prevent raccoon rabies invading uninfected areas has yet to be examined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 88 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 17 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PD NOV PY 1998 VL 14 IS 5 BP 481 EP 498 DI 10.2165/00019053-199814050-00003 PG 18 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 136KK UT WOS:000076857800003 PM 10344914 ER PT J AU Hickman, TB Briefel, RR Carroll, MD Rifkind, BM Cleeman, JI Maurer, KR Johnson, CL AF Hickman, TB Briefel, RR Carroll, MD Rifkind, BM Cleeman, JI Maurer, KR Johnson, CL TI Distributions and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents ages 4-19 years: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE lipids; cholesterol; low-density lipoproteins (LDL); high-density lipoproteins (HDL); triglycerides; National Health and Nutrition Examination; Survey (NHANES); children; adolescents ID CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; ADULTHOOD; PLASMA AB Background. Atherosclerosis beans in childhood and progresses into adulthood. The reduction of cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, in childhood may reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Lipid distributions among children and adolescents were examined using the most recent nationally representative data. Methods. Data from 7,499 examinees in NHANES III (1988-1994) were used to estimate mean and percentile distributions of serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides in children and adolescents aged 4 to 19 years. The estimates were analyzed by age, sex, and race/ethnic groups. Trends in mean total cholesterol were examined for 12- to 17-year-olds using data from NHES III (1966-1970), NHANES I (1971-1974), and NHANES III (1988-1994). Results. For children and adolescents 4 to 19 years of age, the 95th percentile for serum total cholesterol was 216 mg/dL and the 75th percentile was 181 mg/dL. Mean age-specific total cholesterol levels peaked at 171 mg/dL at 9-11 years of age and fell thereafter. Females Bad significantly higher mean total cholesterol and LDL-C levels than did males (P < 0.005). Non-Hispanic black children and adolescents had significantly higher mean total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels compared to non-Hispanic white and Mexican American children and adolescents. The mean total cholesterol level among 12- to 17-year-olds decreased by 7 mg/dL from 1966-1970 to 1988-1994 and is consistent with, but less than, observed trends in adults. Black females have experienced the smallest decline between surveys. Conclusions. The findings provide a picture of the lipid distribution among U.S. children and adolescents and indicate that, like adults, adolescents have experienced a fall in total cholesterol levels. Total cholesterol levels in U.S. adolescents declined from the late 1960s to the early 1990s by an average of 7 mg/dL. This information is useful for planning programs targeting the prevention of cardiovascular disease beginning with the development of heathy lifestyles in childhood. (C) 1998 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Briefel, RR (reprint author), 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rrb1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 224 Z9 235 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 879 EP 890 DI 10.1006/pmed.1998.0376 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 147RJ UT WOS:000077579700017 PM 9922071 ER PT J AU Granich, RM Zuber, PLF McMillan, M Cobb, JD Burr, J Sfakianaki, ED Fussell, M Binkin, NJ AF Granich, RM Zuber, PLF McMillan, M Cobb, JD Burr, J Sfakianaki, ED Fussell, M Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis among foreign-born residents of Southern Florida, 1995 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective. To examine the characteristics of foreign-born people with tuberculosis (TB) in Southern Florida, their contribution to the total number of TB cases. and available data on their HIV status as well as to determine the number of cases detected by the overseas medical screening of immigrants and refugees. Methods. The authors reviewed TB cases reported by Broward, Dade, and Palm Beach counties in 1995, Case records were matched against the CDC Division of Quarantine database of immigrants and refugees suspected to have TB at the time of visa application overseas. Results. Nearly half (49%) of TB cases in the three counties were among people born outside the United States-34% in Broward County, 58% in Dade County, and 40% in Palm Beach County. A high percentage (26%) were co-infected with HIV, Of those with known date of arrival, 68% had been in the United States For five or more years. Only three cases had been identified by overseas immigrant screening, Conclusions. A low percentage of TB cases in foreign-born people were identified through the overseas screening system. Controlling TB in South Florida will require efforts targeted toward high risk populations, including people with HIV infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Miami Dade Cty FL Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. RP Granich, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1998 VL 113 IS 6 BP 552 EP 556 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161RW UT WOS:000078303700024 PM 9847928 ER PT J AU Ory, MG Mack, KA AF Ory, MG Mack, KA TI Middle-aged and older people with AIDS - Trends in national surveillance rates, transmission routes, and risk factors SO RESEARCH ON AGING LA English DT Article AB This article explores the stability and changes in national trends related to AIDS rates, transmission routes, and risk factors from the mid-1980s to 1997. The authors show that while the numbers of AIDS cases have grown dramatically for all age groups, the proportion of cases for persons age 50 and older (at diagnosis) has remained a fairly stable 10% of the total case load, resulting in more than 60,000 cases in 1997. Contrary to popular belief, the most prevalent transmission route for middle-aged and older people has always been through sexual contact. While middle-aged and older people may be at reduced risk compared to younger age groups, these data af so reveal a disturbing trend. People age 50 and older continue to be less knowledgeable about AIDS risks, perceive themselves to be at lower risk, and, for those with known AIDS-related risks, have made fewer behavioral accommodations to avoid such risks as compared to younger people. With recent data indicating a faster rise in new AIDS cases among the 50-plus population, middle-aged and older people can no longer be ignored in AIDS prevention or treatment efforts. C1 NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ory, MG (reprint author), NIA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0164-0275 J9 RES AGING JI Res. Aging PD NOV PY 1998 VL 20 IS 6 BP 653 EP 664 DI 10.1177/0164027598206002 PG 12 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 133ZM UT WOS:000076717500002 ER PT J AU Xu, KY Glanton, V Johnson, SR Beck-Sague, C Bhullar, V Candal, DH Pettus, KS Farshy, CE Black, CM AF Xu, KY Glanton, V Johnson, SR Beck-Sague, C Bhullar, V Candal, DH Pettus, KS Farshy, CE Black, CM TI Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection by ligase chain reaction testing of urine among adolescent women with and without Chlamydia trachomatis infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CRYPTIC PLASMID; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; SPECIMENS; CULTURE AB Background and Objectives: Culture, the conventional method for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, requires invasive sive sampling and stringent specimen transport conditions. The recently developed ligase chain reaction test (LCR; Abbott Laboratories; North Chicago, IL) allows noninvasive sampling and stable transport conditions, but has not been evaluated with specimens from adolescent populations. Goal of this Study: To perform a comparative evaluation of a commercial LCR test and culture for the diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae in adolescent women, Study design: Urine and endocervical swab specimens from 330 teenage women seen in two public health adolescent clinics were tested by LCR and culture. For resolution of discordant results, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was developed that directly amplifies N, gonorrhoeae DNA from urine samples processed for LCR, Results: Thirty-one of 330 (9.4%) cervical specimens were culture-positive for N, gonorrhoeae, and 30 of 330 (9.1%) urine specimens were positive by LCR, After resolution of 13 discordant results, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of LCR for urine were 88.2%, 100%, 100%, 98.7%, respectively, and for culture of endocervical specimens were 82.3%, 98.9%, 90.3% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions: Although more expensive than culture, LCR offers a sensitive means for the detection of N, gonorrhoeae in urine samples and may be useful for this purpose in settings where pelvic examinations are difficult to perform and simultaneous detection of N, gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis is advantageous. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Black, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, MS G39,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 25 IS 10 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1097/00007435-199811000-00007 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 145JD UT WOS:000077366600007 PM 9858349 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Branson, B Ballenger, A Peterman, TA AF Chen, Z Branson, B Ballenger, A Peterman, TA TI Risk assessment to improve targeting of HIV counseling and testing services for STD clinic patients SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background and Objective: To determine whether self-administered risk assessment could improve targeting of HIV counseling and testing in an STD clinic. Study Design: Computerized records from the Prince George's County, Maryland, STD clinic from 1993 through 1996 were used to develop and test models for predicting a positive HIV test. In 1996, a self-administered risk assessment was compared with a counselor's risk assessment of the same patient. Results: Testing the 10% of patients at highest risk would identify 39% of those who were HIV-positive; testing 70% of the patients could identify 92% of those who were HIV-positive, In 1996, 2,288 patients completed the self-administered HIV risk assessment. The same number of HIV-positive persons (7 [28%]) were identified using either self-assessment or face-to-face interview. Conclusions: Selectively offering voluntary HIV testing based on risk assessment would not be useful because it would miss many infected persons, If prevention counseling cannot be offered to everyone, it could be targeted to those who report a risk by self-assessment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Prince Georges Cty STD Clin, Forrestville, MD USA. Fuzhou Hlth & Quarantine Bur, Fuzhou, Peoples R China. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 25 IS 10 BP 539 EP 543 DI 10.1097/00007435-199811000-00008 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 145JD UT WOS:000077366600008 PM 9858350 ER PT J AU Augenbraun, M Rolfs, R Johnson, R Joesoef, R Pope, V AF Augenbraun, M Rolfs, R Johnson, R Joesoef, R Pope, V CA Syphilis HIV Study Grp TI Treponemal specific tests for the serodiagnosis of syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; SENSITIVITY; HIV AB Objectives: To determine the rate of concordance of the Microhemagglutination Assay for Antibodies to T. pallidum (MHA-TP) and the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption test (FTA-ABS) prior to therapy in patients with early stage syphilis and to assess the incidence of and associated risk factors for seroreversion of these treponemal specific tests during the first year after therapy for early syphilis. Design: Multicenter, prospective, cohort treatment study of patients with early syphilis. Methods: Five hundred twenty-five patients were enrolled in a study to evaluate the response of early syphilis to either benzathine penicillin 2.4 million units intramuscularly once or this therapy plus amoxicillin 2 g and probenecid 500 mg orally both. three times daily for 10 days. Serologic and clinical follow-up was conducted at intervals over 1 year. MHA-TP and FTA-ABS tests were performed on serologic specimens from each patient visit. Results: Enrollment specimens showed 5% discordant MHA-TP and FTA-ABS results with 85% of these demonstrating a nonreactive MHA-TP. This occurred most commonly in primary syphilis. In patients who had a 1-year sero logic follow-up with FTA-ABS or MHA-TP, seroreversion occurred in 9% and 5% of cases, respectively. No association between HIV-seropositivity and TST seroreversion was demonstrated. Conclusion: The MHA-TP may be less sensitive than the FTA-ABS for identifying patients with primary syphilis. Treponemal specific tests may become nonreactive during the first year after therapy for early syphilis. C1 SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Utah Dept Publ Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Augenbraun, M (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Box 37,SUNY HSCB,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 25 IS 10 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1097/00007435-199811000-00010 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 145JD UT WOS:000077366600010 PM 9858352 ER PT J AU Branson, BM Peterman, TA Cannon, RO Ransom, R Zaidi, AA AF Branson, BM Peterman, TA Cannon, RO Ransom, R Zaidi, AA TI Group counseling to prevent sexually transmitted disease and HIV: A randomized controlled trial SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; AIDS-PREVENTION; RISK-REDUCTION; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective: To compare prevention effectiveness of multisession group counseling with standard HIV prevention counseling for reducing risk behaviors and new sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Methods: Small groups of consenting STD clinic patients were randomized to four 1-hour small group counseling interventions based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model with a booster session at 2 months or to the standard two 20-minute individual counseling sessions. Follow-up interviews and examinations were 2, 6, 9, and 12 months after enrollment, Results: From March 1992 through June 1993, 996 (59%) of 1,681 eligible persons were enrolled; 32 (3%) tested HIV-positive and were excluded, Intervention attendance was 98% for one session, and 47% attended four or five counseling sessions. Follow-up was similar for both groups: 72% attended at least once; 47% returned at 12 months. Both groups had similar increases in condom use and decreases in number of partners, and similar number of new infections with gonorrhea (14%), chlamydia (10%), or syphilis (2%), Conclusions: Two 20-minute counseling sessions were as effective as four 1-hour group sessions for reducing risk behavior and STD incidence in an STD clinic patient population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Branson, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 8 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 25 IS 10 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1097/00007435-199811000-00011 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 145JD UT WOS:000077366600011 PM 9858353 ER PT J AU Macke, BA Hennessy, M McFarlane, MM Bliss, MJ AF Macke, BA Hennessy, M McFarlane, MM Bliss, MJ TI Partner notification in the real world: A four site time-allocation study SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Meeting of the International-Society-of-Sexually-Transmitted-Deseases-Research (ISSTDR) CY OCT 19-22, 1997 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CASE-FINDING EFFECTIVENESS; FIELD FOLLOW-UP; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INFECTION; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS; STRATEGIES; CAROLINA AB Background and Objectives: Although partner notification has been a long-standing intervention and prevention strategy for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), variations in partner notification practices across sites have never been documented, Goals of the Study: To describe provider-assisted partner notification practices in four STD programs in the United States. Study Design: Eleven disease intervention specialists (DIS) in each of three urban sites and seven DIS in one rural site documented their activities and clients for 14 working days using a personal digital assistant, Results: Of 2,506 recorded activity hours across sites, 37.4% of the recorded time was spent on partner notification (PN) activities with 1148 clients. Field visits to locate contacts accounted for the largest proportion of time spent on PN, Overall, PN clients were cases of or were contacts to nonprimary and secondary (P&S) syphilis (39.6%), gonorrhea (25.5%), chlamydia (18.0%), HIV/AIDS (10.4%), and P&S syphilis (6.5%), Conclusion: The activities which constitute PN, the diseases for which PN is used, and the time spent on each PN client vary across sites, More research is needed on the determinants of these variations and their association with the ultimate goal of disease prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hennessy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-44 CDC MS E-44,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 25 IS 10 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1097/00007435-199811000-00012 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 145JD UT WOS:000077366600012 PM 9858354 ER PT J AU Sandstrom, PA Chapman, LE AF Sandstrom, PA Chapman, LE TI Xenotransplantation: about baboon hearts and pig livers - Response SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sandstrom, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 6 IS 11 BP 432 EP 432 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01389-4 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 142WU UT WOS:000077224000009 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Dowell, SF Breiman, RF AF Butler, JC Dowell, SF Breiman, RF TI Epidemiology of emerging pneumococcal drug resistance: implications for treatment and prevention SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Annual Work Group Meeting on Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines for Adults (Vaccines 97) CY OCT 06-08, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Inst Adv Studies Immunol & Aging ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; TREATMENT FAILURE; DISEASE; CEPHALOSPORIN; BACTEREMIA; CHILDREN AB Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infection are becoming increasingly common throughout the world. These strains pose new challenges in the treatment of suspected pneumococcal infections and they highlight the importance of limiting selection for resistant strains through judicious antibiotic use and preventing infection by immunization of persons at high risk. The clinical impact of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae infection has not been fully de;fined, but anecdotal reports suggest that outcome is poor for persons with drug-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended adding vancomycin to the treatment of suspected pneumococcal meningitis cases until the results of culture and susceptibility testing are available. Additional data are needed to determine the optimal empiric antibiotic regimen for nonmeningeal invasive pneumococcal imfections. A 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine can pl event many drug-resistant and susceptible invasive pneumococcal infections. The vaccine is recommended in the United States for persons at increased risk of pneumococcal infeaction due to certain medical conditions and for all persons greater than or equal to 65 years old. Vaccine efficacy for immunocompetent persons greater than or equal to 65 years is 75%. However; the vaccine is underutilized and a substantial reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with invasive pneumococcal infections is unlikely until the vaccine is used more widely among persons at risk for disease. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JCB3@CDC.GOV NR 55 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 1693 EP 1697 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00132-7 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 122CJ UT WOS:000076052900002 PM 9778743 ER PT J AU Coughlin, RT White, AC Anderson, CA Carlone, GM Klein, DL Treanor, J AF Coughlin, RT White, AC Anderson, CA Carlone, GM Klein, DL Treanor, J TI Characterization of pneumococcal specific antibodies in healthy unvaccinated adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides; Streptococcus pneumoniae; antibody; C-polysaccharide; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDES AB Unlike the elderly healthy middle aged adults are at relatively low risk of acquiring serious pneumococcal disease, An explanation that has been proposed is that people in this age group have significant amounts of serum antibody (primarily IgG2) that react with many pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes, The level of antibody can be as high as several hundred micrograms per milliliter of blood for some serotypes, A significant component of this reactivity is directed coward the conserved C-polysaccharide depletion, Even after C-polysaccharide depletion, which is included as a routine part of the assay to determine antibody levels, resting antibody levels in a normal healthy adult population can vary widely. We have analyzed the reactivity of serum from 76 people to 16 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes, The antibody, reactivities to 13 of 16 serotypes are highly correlated with one another Depletion of serum with C-polysaccharide and purified capsular polysaccharide inhibited antibody binding to type specific capsular polysaccharide, Cross-serotype inhibition of antibody binding was also observed. This indicates that there are materials contained within the pneumococcal polysaccharides that contribute to the cross-reactivity of serum antibodies in people that have not been vaccinated with the pneumococcal vaccine. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Aquila Biopharmaceut Inc, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Bacterial Resp Dis Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Rochester, Infect Dis Unit, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Coughlin, RT (reprint author), Aquila Biopharmaceut Inc, 175 Crossing Blvd, Framingham, MA 01702 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI33560, N01 AI45248] NR 13 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 IS 18 SI SI BP 1761 EP 1767 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00139-X PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 122CJ UT WOS:000076052900012 PM 9778753 ER PT J AU Weniger, BG Chen, RT Jacobson, SH Sewell, EC Deuson, R Livengood, JR Orenstein, WA AF Weniger, BG Chen, RT Jacobson, SH Sewell, EC Deuson, R Livengood, JR Orenstein, WA TI Addressing the challenges to immunization practice with an economic algorithm for vaccine selection SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium for the International-Society-for-Vaccines CY SEP 08-11, 1997 CL LEESBURG, VIRGINIA SP Int Soc Vaccines DE biotechnology; cost control; decision support techniques; economics; formularies; group purchasing; immunization; operations research; program; immunization; programming; linear; vaccines ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS RSV; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; HEALTH-CARE; COMBINATION VACCINES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; UNSAFE INJECTIONS; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; DISEASE; SAFETY AB The biotechnology revolution is producing a growing bounty of new vaccines which pose difficult choices in selecting among many products. Some major public and private purchasers of vaccine may offer individual physicians and clinics their choice in assembling vaccine inventories. Others might purchase only a limited stock of products that would satisfactorily immunize a typical child. In either case, current vaccine selection decisions al-e based principally on purchase price alone without systematic consideration of other factors of fiscal consequence. As a potential tool for decision making, we developed an economic algorithm for vaccine selection that would minimize the overall costs of disease control through immunization by considering: (1) purchase price, (2) number of doses needed (3) preparation, time (4) route of administration, (5) cold storage needs, (6) shelf life, (7) earliest age of full immunity, (8) adverse events frequency, and (9) efficacy of protection. to demonstrate the algorithm, variables (I) to (4) above were incorporated into a pilot binary-integer linear programming model that satisfied the recommended immunization schedule for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis B, using eleven vaccines (DTaP, DTaP-Hib, Hib, HepB and Hib-HepB) from four manufacturers. Five (or six) opportunities to vaccinate were modeled at (1), 2, 4, 6, 12-18, and 60 months of life, assuming US$40 per clinic visit, $15 per injection, and,$0.50 per minute of nurse preparation time. Vaccine costs were varied using actual March and September 1997 US Federal vaccine prices, as well as estimates for unpriced new vaccines. Over 16000 distinct vaccine stocking lists by vaccine type and brand were possible. Including a I-month visit the lowest-cost 'solution' of the algorithm was $529.41 per child in the March cost-assumption case and $490.32 in the September one (both included four doses of DTaP-Hib, three HepB, and one DTaP). Without a 1-month visit, the lowest-cost solution in the Mar-ch case cost $486.67 (four DTaP, two Hib-HepB, one DTaP-Hib, and one HepB), while the September case cost $450.32 (four DTaP-Hib, three HepB, and one DTaP). Ensuring at least one product was selected from each of the four manufacturers increased costs about $13.00, and the needed injections rose from eight to Mine. The most economical selection of vaccines to use cannot be intuitively predicted, as permutations are large and solutions are sensitive to minor changes in costs and constraints. A transparent, objective selection method that weighs the economic value of distinguishing features among competing vaccines might offer the 'best value' to vaccine pur chasers, while also creating strong market incentives for continuing innovation and competition in the vaccine industry. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Weniger, BG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bgw2@cdc.gov OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464; Jacobson, Sheldon/0000-0002-9042-8750 NR 85 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 IS 19 BP 1885 EP 1897 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00170-4 PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 126JQ UT WOS:000076290500018 PM 9795397 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Williams, IT Alter, MJ Margolis, HS AF Mast, EE Williams, IT Alter, MJ Margolis, HS TI Hepatitis B vaccination of adolescent and adult high-risk groups in the United States SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VHPB International Congress on Control of Hepatitis B in Europe - Where are we in 1997 CY NOV 17-19, 1997 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board AB Substantial progress has been made in implementing routine infant hepatitis B vaccination in the United States. However, in 1996, an estimated 65 000 acute hepatitis B cases occurred, the majority of which were among young adults in high-risk groups. Recent surveys have found very low vaccination coverage among several high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men and patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Targeted vaccination of persons with risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be provided in a variety of settings including family planning clinics, STD clinics, drug treatment centres, detention centres, jails and prisons. However, vaccination programmes have been infrequently implemented in these settings and the majority of persons with acute hepatitis B cases have had a missed opportunity for vaccination in the past. Thus. in order to accelerate elimination of HBV transmission in the United States, increased efforts are needed to implement effective hepatitis B vaccination programmes targeted to adolescents and adults in high-risk groups. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 SU S BP S27 EP S29 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00288-6 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 154MB UT WOS:000077892000007 PM 9915029 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Mahoney, FJ Alter, MJ Margolis, HS AF Mast, EE Mahoney, FJ Alter, MJ Margolis, HS TI Progress toward elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VHPB International Congress on Control of Hepatitis B in Europe - Where are we in 1997 CY NOV 17-19, 1997 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board DE hepatitis B; prevention programmes; vaccination; United States ID INFECTION; CHILDREN; REFUGEES; BORN AB The strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the United States is comprised of the following components: (1) preventing perinatal transmission, (2) routine infant vaccination, (3) catch-up vaccination of children in high-risk groups at any age, (4) catch-up vaccination of all children at 11-12 years of age and (5) vaccination of adolescents and adults in high-risk groups. According to recent surveys, >85% of pregnant women are screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Of infants born to HBsAg-positive women identified in 1995, 93% received appropriate immunoprophylaxis at birth; however, only 69% were fully vaccinated by 6-8 months of age. From 1991 (when routine infant hepatitis B vaccination was first recommended) to 1996. the proportion of 19-35-month-old children who have received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine has increased from < 10 to 83%. During this lime, rates of acute hepatitis B in children 7-10 years of age have declined by 27% and rates among children 3-6 years of age have declined by 62%. Implementation of programmes for catch-up vaccination of all adolescents at 11-12 years of age and for vaccination of adolescents and adults in high-risk groups have only recently begun and no data are available to assess the progress of these programmes. However, 26% (13/50) of states now have laws requiring adolescents to be vaccinated in order to enter school. Current data indicate that substantial progress has been made in implementing a strategy to eliminate HBV transmission in the United States. Future efforts need to be focused on improving complete immunoprophylaxis of infants of HBsAg-positive mothers, increasing vaccine coverage among 11-12 year old children and implementing programmes to vaccinate adolescents and adults in high-risk groups. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV PY 1998 VL 16 SU S BP S48 EP S51 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00294-1 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 154MB UT WOS:000077892000013 PM 9915035 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Molecular phylogeny of all human enterovirus serotypes based on comparison of sequences at the 5 ' end of the region encoding VP2 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human enterovirus; phylogeny; nucleotide sequence ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VESICULAR DISEASE VIRUS; PICORNAVIRUS GROUP; POLIOVIRUS; GENOME; CLASSIFICATION; CDNA; ECHOVIRUS-22; DISTINCT; BINDING AB Sixty-six human enterovirus serotypes have been described using antibody neutralization, with antigenic variants defined within several serotypes. Despite the availability of sequence data for numerous enteroviruses? the molecular basis of serotype is unknown. Previous studies by others have identified four major phylogenetic groups within the human enteroviruses, but there has been no complete database of homologous sequences for all human enterovirus serotypes. We have determined the homologous partial VP2 sequences for the 12 prototype strains for which VP2 sequence was unavailable and for eight well-characterized antigenic variants. Phylogenetic analysis of all prototype strains produced four major groups, consistent with published enterovirus phylogenies. Many antigenic variants, however, failed to cluster with their respective prototype strains, suggesting that this portion of VP2 may be inappropriate for consistent molecular inference of serotype and for detailed study of enterovirus evolution. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbo2@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 58 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00101-4 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 151UL UT WOS:000077739000004 PM 9879760 ER PT J AU Marshall, KLE Vogt, RL AF Marshall, KLE Vogt, RL TI Illness associated with eating seaweed, Hawaii, 1994 SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALGA C1 Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marshall, KLE (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, 1250 Punchbowl Ave, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 169 IS 5 BP 293 EP 295 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 139CV UT WOS:000077010900012 PM 9830364 ER PT J AU Steinert, M Ockert, G Luck, C Hacker, J AF Steinert, M Ockert, G Luck, C Hacker, J TI Regrowth of Legionella pneumophila in a heat-disinfected plumbing system SO ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY PARASITOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WATER DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; GROWTH; AMEBAS; CHLORINE; ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTAMINATION; PROTOZOA AB We examined the factors involved in the occurrence of Legionellaceae in a hospital water system and the recontamination by Legionella pneumophila after a thermal disinfection procedure was studied. Three months after the heat treatment (70 degrees C), the regrowth of the two prevalent Legionella strains (L. pneumophila serogroup 1 [Oxford-like] and L, pneumophila serogroup 2) reached the original level of cell numbers. Genomic analysis (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) revealed the strains to be survivors of the decontamination. Temperature tolerance experiments showed that the serogroup 1 strain exhibited a higher tolerance to 60 degrees C than the serogroup 2 strain, which could account for the order of reappearance of the strains after the heat treatment. Potential host amoebae, including Acanthamoeba spp. and Vahlkampfia spp., which are known to play a critical role in the amplification process of Legionella, were isolated from the plumbing system. In-vitro studies demonstrated both Legionella strains for a similar rate of multiplication in A. castellanii. In competitive coinfections, however, the serogroup 1 strain achieved a higher rate of multiplication if compared with the serogroup 2 strain. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Inst Mol Infekt Biol, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Hyg, D-06097 Halle, Germany. Med Akad Dresden, Inst Med Mikrobiol, D-01309 Dresden, Germany. RP Hacker, J (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Inst Mol Infekt Biol, Rontgenring 11, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0934-8840 J9 ZBL BAKT-INT J MED M JI Zent.bl. Bakteriol.-Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Virol. Parasitol. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1998 VL 288 IS 3 BP 331 EP 342 PG 12 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA 149XY UT WOS:000077633500003 PM 9861677 ER PT J AU Limpakarnjanarat, K Chuachoowong, R Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Chearskul, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Shaffer, N AF Limpakarnjanarat, K Chuachoowong, R Bhadrakom, C Siriwasin, W Chearskul, S Chotpitayasunondh, T Shaffer, N TI Informed consent for a clinical trial in Thailand SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Limpakarnjanarat, K (reprint author), HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 29 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 18 BP 1332 EP 1332 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 132XC UT WOS:000076655300031 ER PT J AU Smith, W Lieber, B Perrotta, DM Hokama, Y AF Smith, W Lieber, B Perrotta, DM Hokama, Y TI Ciguatera fish poisoning - Texas, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 692-694, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US Hlth Works, Freeport, TX 77541 USA. SE Texas Poison Ctr, Galveston, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, W (reprint author), US Hlth Works, Freeport, TX 77541 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 16 BP 1394 EP 1395 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 130YA UT WOS:000076546900016 ER PT J CA CDC TI Deaths resulting from residential fires and the prevalence of smoke alarms - United States, 1991-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 803-890, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 16 BP 1395 EP 1395 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 130YA UT WOS:000076546900017 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Mainous, AG AF Schwartz, B Mainous, AG TI Antibiotics for children with upper respiratory tract infections - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 16 BP 1401 EP 1402 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 130YA UT WOS:000076546900025 ER PT J AU Bindman, AB Osmond, D Hecht, FM Lehman, JS Vranizan, K Keane, D Reingold, A AF Bindman, AB Osmond, D Hecht, FM Lehman, JS Vranizan, K Keane, D Reingold, A CA MESH Study Grp TI Multistate evaluation of anonymous HIV testing and access to medical care SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA AB Context.-Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the only infectious disease for which anonymous testing is publicly funded, an exception that has been controversial. Objective.-To assess whether anonymous HIV testing was associated with earlier HIV testing and HIV-related medical care than confidential HIV testing. Design.-Retrospective cohort. Setting.-Arizona, Colorado, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, and Texas. Participants.-Probability sample of 835 new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases reported to the state health department's HIV/AIDS Reporting System from May 1995 through December 1996. All had responded to the AIDS Patient Survey; 643 had been tested confidentially for HIV, and 192 had been tested anonymously. Main Outcome Measures.-First CD4(+) cell count; number of days from HIV-positive test result to first HIV-related medical care, from first HIV-related medical care to AIDS, and from first HIV-positive test result to AIDS. Results.-Persons tested anonymously sought testing and medical care earlier in the course of HIV disease than did persons tested confidentially. Mean first CD4(+) cell count was 0.427x10(9)/L in persons tested anonymously vs 0.267x10(9)/L in persons tested confidentially. Persons tested anonymously experienced an average of 918 days in HIV-related medical care before an AIDS diagnosis vs 531 days for persons tested confidentially. The mean time from learning they were HIV positive to the diagnosis of AIDS was 1246 days for persons tested anonymously vs 718 days for persons tested confidentially. After adjustment for the subject's age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, insurance status, HIV exposure group, whether the respondent had a regular source of care or symptoms at the time of the HIV test, and state residence, anonymous testing remained significantly associated with earlier entry into medical care (P<.001). Conclusion.-Anonymous testing contributes to early HIV testing and medical care. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Primary Care Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Aids, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Univ San Francisco, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bindman, AB (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Primary Care Res Ctr, Bldg 90,Ward 95,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [DHHS 282-92-0048] NR 11 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 16 BP 1416 EP 1420 DI 10.1001/jama.280.16.1416 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 130YA UT WOS:000076546900036 PM 9801001 ER PT J AU Nakashima, AK Horsley, R Frey, RL Sweeney, PA Weber, JT Fleming, PL AF Nakashima, AK Horsley, R Frey, RL Sweeney, PA Weber, JT Fleming, PL TI Effect of HIV reporting by name on use of HIV testing in publicly funded counseling and testing programs SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 125th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 09-13, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Natl Assoc Publ Hlth Policy, APHA, Med Care Sect ID UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; EPIDEMIC AB Context.-Policies requiring confidential reporting by name to state health departments of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have potential to cause some of them to avoid HIV testing. Objective.-To describe trends in use of HIV testing services at publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites before and after the implementation of HIV reporting policies, Design and Setting.-Analysis of service provision data from 6 state health departments (Louisiana, Michigan, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, and Tennessee) 12 months before and 12 months after HIV reporting was introduced. Main Outcome Measure.-Percent change in numbers of persons tested at publicly funded HIV counseling and testing sites after implementation of confidential HIV reporting by risk group. Results.-No significant declines in the total number of HIV tests provided at counseling and testing sites in the months immediately after implementation of HIV reporting occurred in any state, other than those expected from trends present before HIV reporting. Increases occurred in Nebraska(l5.8%), Nevada (48.4%), New Jersey (21.3%), and Tennessee (62.8%). Predicted decreases occurred in Louisiana (10.5%) and Michigan (2.0%), In all areas, testing of at-risk heterosexuals increased in the year after HIV reporting was implemented (Louisiana, 10.5%; Michigan, 225.1%; Nebraska, 5.7%; Nevada, 303.3%; New Jersey, 462.9%; Tennessee, 603.8%). Declines in testing occurred among men who have sex with men in Louisiana (4.3%) and Tennessee (4.1%) after HIV reporting; testing increased for this group in Michigan (5.3%), Nebraska (19.6%), Nevada (12.5%), and New Jersey (22.4%). Among injection drug users, testing declined in Louisiana (15%), Michigan (34.3%), and New Jersey (0.6%) and increased in Nebraska (1.7%), Nevada (18.9%), and Tennessee (16.6%). Conclusions.-Confidential HIV reporting by name did not appear to affect use of HIV testing in publicly funded counseling and testing programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nakashima, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 28 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 16 BP 1421 EP 1426 DI 10.1001/jama.280.16.1421 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 130YA UT WOS:000076546900037 PM 9801002 ER PT J AU Tibell, A Heneine, W Folks, T Chapman, L Groth, C AF Tibell, A Heneine, W Folks, T Chapman, L Groth, C TI Safety of xenografts - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Karolinska Inst, Huddinge Hosp, Dept Transplantat Surg, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Tibell, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 24 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9137 BP 1390 EP 1391 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60788-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 133NB UT WOS:000076691700066 ER PT J AU Sackoff, JE Torian, LV Frieden, TR Brudney, KEF Menzies, IB AF Sackoff, JE Torian, LV Frieden, TR Brudney, KEF Menzies, IB TI Purified protein derivative testing and tuberculosis preventive therapy for HIV-infected patients in New York City SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Tuberculosis; prevention; opportunistic infections; health-care delivery ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DRUG-USERS; ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; ANERGY; PROGRESSION; MEDICINE; PROGRAM; RISK AB Objective: To determine whether Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for purified protein derivative (PPD) testing and tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy for PPD-positive patients are implemented in HIV clinics. Design: Retrospective medical chart review. Setting: Ten hospital-based HIV clinics in New York City. Participants: A total of 2397 patients with a first clinic visit in 1995. Outcome measures: PPD testing of eligible patients, and recommendation of preventive therapy and completion of regimen in PPD-positive patients. Method: Outpatient medical records were abstracted for TB history, PPD testing, TB preventive therapy, and patient demographic, social and clinical characteristics. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. Results: Of 1342 patients with an indication for a PPD test, 865 (64%) were PPD tested in the clinic and 757 (88%) returned to have it read. Factors strongly associated with PPD testing in the clinic were number of visits, same sex behavior with men, and CD4+ lymphocyte count above 200 x 10(6)/l. Preventive therapy was recommended for 88% of newly identified PPD-positive patients and 22% of previously identified PPD-positive patients. Of 119 patients on preventive therapy in the clinic, 49 (41%) completed the regimen, 50 (42%) were lost to follow-up, and 20 (17%) discontinued therapy or their status could not be determined. Conclusion: A significant number of missed opportunities to implement TB prevention practices were identified in HIV clinics. Focused attention in HIV clinics, and increased collaboration between HIV clinics and TB control programs may be needed to increase adherence to prevention guidelines. (C) 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Off AIDS Res, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur TB Control, Div TB Intervent, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Sackoff, JE (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Off AIDS Res, 346 Broadway,Room 706, New York, NY 10013 USA. FU PHS HHS [U52 CCU200462] NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 15 BP 2017 EP 2023 DI 10.1097/00002030-199815000-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 132WF UT WOS:000076653100015 PM 9814870 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Onorato, IM AF Ridzon, R Onorato, IM TI Infection in organ-transplant recipients SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TUBERCULOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 22 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 17 BP 1245 EP 1245 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 130QW UT WOS:000076532400018 PM 9786755 ER PT J AU Spry, L Stivers, A Morin, R Timmons, T Weaver, S Douglas, C Safranek, T Roche, J Groves, C Portesi, D Hawkins, M Dwyer, D AF Spry, L Stivers, A Morin, R Timmons, T Weaver, S Douglas, C Safranek, T Roche, J Groves, C Portesi, D Hawkins, M Dwyer, D TI Multistate outbreak of hemolysis in hemodialysis patients - Nebraska and Maryland, 1998 (Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol 47, pg 483-484, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Dialysis Ctr Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA. Bryan Mem Hosp, Lincoln, NE USA. Lincoln Lancaster Cty Hlth Dept, Lincoln, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Svcs Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spry, L (reprint author), Dialysis Ctr Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 21 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 15 BP 1299 EP 1300 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 129PQ UT WOS:000076472500010 ER PT J AU Guarino, PD Meek, JI Kusha, B Tenuta, SW Heimer, R Ryder, RW Magnarelli, LA Blevins, T Cartter, ML Brinkman, CA Mayo, D Hadler, JL Kurpiel, P Ackman, D Fox, D Wong, S Chu, F White, D Morse, D Smith, PF AF Guarino, PD Meek, JI Kusha, B Tenuta, SW Heimer, R Ryder, RW Magnarelli, LA Blevins, T Cartter, ML Brinkman, CA Mayo, D Hadler, JL Kurpiel, P Ackman, D Fox, D Wong, S Chu, F White, D Morse, D Smith, PF TI Statewide surveillance for ehrlichiosis - Connecticut and New York, 1994-1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 476-480, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, New York, NY USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guarino, PD (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 21 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 15 BP 1300 EP 1301 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 129PQ UT WOS:000076472500011 ER PT J AU Eskdale, J McNicholl, J Wordsworth, P Jonas, B Huizinga, T Field, M Gallagher, G AF Eskdale, J McNicholl, J Wordsworth, P Jonas, B Huizinga, T Field, M Gallagher, G TI Interleukin-10 microsatellite polymorphisms and IL-10 locus alleles in rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirm, Dept Surg, Glasgow G31 2ER, Lanark, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, ACID, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Rheumatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wellcome Trust Ctr Human Genet, Oxford, England. Univ Leiden Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. RP Eskdale, J (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirm, Dept Surg, Queen Elizabeth Bldg, Glasgow G31 2ER, Lanark, Scotland. NR 5 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 17 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9136 BP 1282 EP 1283 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70489-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 131KB UT WOS:000076573800017 PM 9788463 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Phillips, WR AF Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Phillips, WR CA Pediat URI Consensus Team TI Appropriate use of antibiotics for URIs in children: Part II. Cough, pharyngitis and the common gold SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; ACUTE BRONCHITIS; OPTICAL IMMUNOASSAY; DOUBLE-BLIND; RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RAPID DETECTION; THROAT SWABS; STREP-A AB This article summarizes the principles of judicious antimicrobial therapy for three of the five conditions-cough, pharyngitis, the common cold-that account for most of the outpatient use of these drugs in the United States. The principles governing the other two conditions, otitis media and acute sinusitis, were presented in the previous issue. This article summarizes evidence against the use of antibiotic treatment for illness with cough or bronchitis in children, unless the cough is prolonged. Although empiric treatment maybe started in patients With pharyngitis when streptococcal infection is suspected the authors recommend withholding antibiotic treatment until antigen testing or culture is positive. There is never any indication for antibiotic treatment of the common com; it is important to understand the natural history of colds, because symptoms such as mucopurulent rhinitis or cough, even when they persist for up to two weeks, do not necessarily indicate bacterial infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1335 EP 1342 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 131LE UT WOS:000076576900017 PM 9803198 ER PT J AU Wyatt, S AF Wyatt, S TI Cancer, minorities & the medically underserved - "Never give up" SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material CT 6th Biennial Symposium on Minorities, the Medically Underserved and Cancer CY APR 23-27, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Intercultural Canc Council C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wyatt, S (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lucille P Markey Canc Ctr, 206 Davis Mills Bldg, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 15 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 8 SU S BP 1707 EP 1709 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8+<1707::AID-CNCR8>3.0.CO;2-R PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 128VG UT WOS:000076428600008 ER PT J AU Paone, D Des Jarlais, DC Singh, MP Grove, D Shi, Q Krim, M Purchase, D Needle, RH Hartsock, P AF Paone, D Des Jarlais, DC Singh, MP Grove, D Shi, Q Krim, M Purchase, D Needle, RH Hartsock, P TI Update: Syringe exchange programs - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 652-653, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. Amer Fdn AIDS Res, New York, NY 10001 USA. N Amer Syringe Exchange Network, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. NIDA, Commun Res Br, Div Epidemiol & Prevent, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paone, D (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 14 BP 1217 EP 1218 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 127NR UT WOS:000076357900010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Primary and secondary syphilis - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 493-497, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INFECTION C1 CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 14 BP 1218 EP 1219 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 127NR UT WOS:000076357900011 ER PT J AU Wetterhall, SF AF Wetterhall, SF TI Medical care at the Olympics - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wetterhall, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 14 BP 1230 EP 1230 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 127NR UT WOS:000076357900021 ER PT J AU Andersen, RE Crespo, C Bartlett, SJ Pratt, SJ AF Andersen, RE Crespo, C Bartlett, SJ Pratt, SJ TI Television watching and fatness in children - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. American Univ, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Andersen, RE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 14 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 14 BP 1231 EP 1232 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 127NR UT WOS:000076357900024 ER PT J AU Abid, M Luo, CC Sekkat, S De Latore, N Mansour, H Holloman-Candal, D Rayfield, M Benslimane, A AF Abid, M Luo, CC Sekkat, S De Latore, N Mansour, H Holloman-Candal, D Rayfield, M Benslimane, A TI Characterization of the V3 region of HIV type 1 isolates from Morocco SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ENVELOPE SUBTYPES; SEQUENCE; THAILAND; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; GENOTYPES; CHILDREN; STRAINS C1 Inst Pasteur Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fac Med, Ctr Immunol, Casablanca, Morocco. RP Sekkat, S (reprint author), Inst Pasteur Maroc, 1 Pl Abou El Kacem Ezzahraoui,BP 120, Casablanca, Morocco. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 15 BP 1387 EP 1389 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1387 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 128PK UT WOS:000076414900010 PM 9788680 ER PT J AU Mead, PS Griffin, PM AF Mead, PS Griffin, PM TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; BLOODY DIARRHEA; SEVERE OUTBREAK; RISK FACTOR; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; MINNESOTA AB Escherichia coli O157 was first identified as a human pathogen in 1982. One of several Shiga toxin-producing serotypes known to cause human illness, the organism probably evolved through horizontal acquisition of genes for Shiga toxins and other virulence factors. E coli O157 is found regularly in the faeces of healthy cattle, and is transmitted to humans through contaminated food, water, and direct contact with infected people or animals. Human infection is associated with a wide range of clinical illness, including asymptomatic shedding, non-bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, and death. Since laboratory practices vary, physicians need to know whether laboratories in their area routinely test for E coli O157 in stool specimens. Treatment with antimicrobial agents remains controversial: some studies suggest that treatment may precipitate haemolytic uraemic syndrome, and other studies suggest no effect or even a protective effect. Physicians can help to prevent E coli O157 infections by counselling patients about the hazards of consuming undercooked ground meat or unpasteurised milk products and juices, and about the importance of handwashing to prevent the spread of diarrhoeal illness, and by informing public health authorities when they see unusual numbers of cases of bloody diarrhoea or haemolytic uraemic syndrome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pfmO@cdc.gov NR 88 TC 406 Z9 427 U1 3 U2 57 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 10 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9135 BP 1207 EP 1212 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01267-7 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 128PQ UT WOS:000076415400040 PM 9777854 ER PT J CA CDC TI Youth agricultural work-related injuries treated in emergency departments - United States, October 1995 September 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 733-737, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP NIOSH, Div Safety Res, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 13 BP 1129 EP 1130 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124YR UT WOS:000076210800008 ER PT J AU Rothrock, G Reingold, A Alexopoulos, N O'Malley, C Smith, NJ Waterman, SH AF Rothrock, G Reingold, A Alexopoulos, N O'Malley, C Smith, NJ Waterman, SH TI Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease among children aged < 5 years - California, 1990-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 737-740, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SEROTYPE C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94617 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Br, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Br, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rothrock, G (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94617 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 13 BP 1130 EP 1131 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124YR UT WOS:000076210800009 ER PT J CA CDC TI Imported dengue - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 544-547, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Dengue Br, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Dengue Br, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 13 BP 1132 EP 1132 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124YR UT WOS:000076210800010 ER PT J AU Hoekstra, EJ LeBaron, CW Megaloeconomou, Y Guerrero, H Byers, C Johnson-Partlow, T Lyons, B Mihalek, E Devier, J Mize, J AF Hoekstra, EJ LeBaron, CW Megaloeconomou, Y Guerrero, H Byers, C Johnson-Partlow, T Lyons, B Mihalek, E Devier, J Mize, J TI Impact of a large-scale immunization initiative in the special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children (WIC) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; MEASLES; EPIDEMIC; RATES AB Context.-Inner-city immunization rates have lagged behind those in other areas of the country. Objective.-To evaluate the impact of an initiative linking immunization with distribution of food vouchers in the inner city, Design.-Retrospective analysis of immunization data gathered in 1996 and 1997, Setting.-Nineteen Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) sites serving 30% of the Chicago, III, birth cohort, Participants.-A total of 16581 children 24 months old or younger. Interventions.-voucher incentives (varying frequency of food voucher issuance based on immunization status) and assessment of immunization status and referral to immunization provider. Main Outcome Measures.-Age-appropriate immunization rates and WIC enrollment rates. Results.-During the 15-month period of evaluation, immunization rates increased from 56% to 89% at sites performing voucher incentives. The proportion of children needing voucher incentives declined from 51% to 12%, Sites performing assessment and referral, but not providing voucher incentives, showed no evidence of improvement in immunization coverage. No difference was observed in enrollment rates between sites performing voucher incentives and those that did not, Conclusion.-Applied in a large-scale, programmatic fashion, voucher incentives in WIC can rapidly increase and sustain high childhood immunization rates in an inner-city population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Catholic Charities, Chicago, IL USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago Immunizat Program, Chicago, IL USA. Special Supplemental Nutr Program Women Infants &, Chicago, IL USA. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 13 BP 1143 EP 1147 DI 10.1001/jama.280.13.1143 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124YR UT WOS:000076210800027 PM 9777813 ER PT J AU Kamb, ML Fishbein, M Douglas, JM Rhodes, F Rogers, J Bolan, G Zenilman, J Hoxworth, T Malotte, CK Iatesta, M Kent, C Lentz, A Graziano, S Byers, RH Peterman, TA AF Kamb, ML Fishbein, M Douglas, JM Rhodes, F Rogers, J Bolan, G Zenilman, J Hoxworth, T Malotte, CK Iatesta, M Kent, C Lentz, A Graziano, S Byers, RH Peterman, TA CA RESPECT Study Grp TI Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases - A randomized controlled trial SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; HIV; AIDS; INFECTION AB Context.-The efficacy of counseling to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has not been definitively shown. Objective.-To compare the effects of 2 interactive HIV/STD counseling interventions with didactic prevention messages typical of current practice. Design.-Multicenter randomized controlled trial (Project RESPECT), with par ticipants assigned to 1 of 3 individual face-to-face interventions. Setting.-Five public STD clinics (Baltimore, Md; Denver, Cole; Long Beach, Calif; Newark, NJ; and San Francisco, Calif) between July 1993 and September 1996. Participants.-A total of 5758 heterosexual, HIV-negative patients aged 14 years or older who came for STD examinations. Interventions.-Arm 1 received enhanced counseling, 4 interactive theory based sessions. Arm 2 received brief counseling, 2 interactive risk-reduction sessions. Arms 3 and 4 each received 2 brief didactic messages typical of current care. Arms 1, 2, and 3 were actively followed up after enrollment with questionnaires at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and STD tests at 6 and 12 months. An intent-to-treat analysis was used to compare interventions. Main Outcome Measures.-Self-reported condom use and new diagnoses of STDs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV) defined by laboratory tests. Results.-At the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits! self-reported 100% condom use was higher (P<.05) in both the enhanced counseling and brief counseling arms compared with participants in the didactic messages arm. Through the 6-month interval, 30% fewer participants had new STDs in both the enhanced counseling (7.2%; P=.002) and brief counseling (7.3%; P=.005) arms compared with those in the didactic messages arm (10.4%). Through the 12-month study, 20% fewer participants in each counseling intervention had new STDs compared with those in the didactic messages arm (P=.008). Consistently at each of the 5 study sites, STD incidence was lower in the counseling intervention arms than in the didactic messages intervention arm, Reduction of STD was similar for men and women and greater for adolescents and persons with an STD diagnosed at enrollment. Conclusions.-Short counseling interventions using personalized risk reduction plans can increase condom use and prevent new STDs. Effective counseling can be conducted even in busy public clinics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, NCHSTP, Reprint Serv,Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Long Beach Hlth Dept, Long Beach, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. New Jersey Hlth Dept, Newark STD Clin, Newark, NJ USA. San Francisco Hlth Dept, San Francisco, CA USA. Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kamb, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, NCHSTP, Reprint Serv,Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-06,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 679 Z9 693 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 7 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 13 BP 1161 EP 1167 DI 10.1001/jama.280.13.1161 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124YR UT WOS:000076210800030 PM 9777816 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD Saisorn, S Kaewkungwal, J Korattana, S Uthaivoravit, W Young, NL Weniger, BG St Louis, ME AF Kilmarx, PH Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD Saisorn, S Kaewkungwal, J Korattana, S Uthaivoravit, W Young, NL Weniger, BG St Louis, ME TI HIV-1 seroconversion in a prospective study of female sex workers in northern Thailand: continued high incidence among brothel-based women SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; incidence; risk factors; female sex workers; Thailand; sexually transmitted diseases ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; COMMERCIAL SEX; RISK-FACTORS; CHIANG-MAI; CONDOM USE; YOUNG MEN; TYPE-1 SEROCONVERSION; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION AB Objectives: To determine the incidence of HIV-1 infection, temporal trends in incidence, and risk factors for seroconversion in a cohort of female commercial sex workers (CSW) in upper northern Thailand, the region of Thailand with the highest rates of HIV-1 infection. Methods: CSW were enrolled from 1991 through 1994 and evaluated prospectively with interviews, physical examination, testing for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and serologic testing for HIV-1 infection. Results: The incidence of HIV-1 seroconversion in the first year of follow-up was 20.3 per 100 person-years among 126 brothel-based CSW and 0.7 per 100 person-years among 159 other CSW who worked in other venues such as bars or massage parlors. Incidence remained elevated among brothel-based CSW who were enrolled later in the study compared with those who enrolled earlier. Through 1996, 30 women seroconverted. In a multivariable proportional hazards model, seroconversion was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with brothel-based sex work (adjusted risk ratio, 7.3) and Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection (adjusted risk ratio, 3.3). Conclusion: Despite national HIV control efforts and declining rates of infection among young men in Thailand, brothel-based CSW may continue to be at high risk for HIV-1 infection. Additional efforts are needed to provide alternative economic choices for young women, to ensure universal condom use during commercial sex, and to develop new prevention technologies. ISSN 0269-9370. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Chiang Rai Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DSM 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 48 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1889 EP 1898 DI 10.1097/00002030-199814000-00021 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 128RJ UT WOS:000076419900021 PM 9792390 ER PT J AU Levine, WC Revollo, R Kaune, V Vega, J Tinajeros, F Garnica, M Estenssoro, M Lewis, JS Higueras, G Zurita, R Wright-DeAguero, L Pareja, R Miranda, P Ransom, RL Zaidi, AA Melgar, ML Kuritsky, JN AF Levine, WC Revollo, R Kaune, V Vega, J Tinajeros, F Garnica, M Estenssoro, M Lewis, JS Higueras, G Zurita, R Wright-DeAguero, L Pareja, R Miranda, P Ransom, RL Zaidi, AA Melgar, ML Kuritsky, JN TI Decline in sexually transmitted disease prevalence in female Bolivian sex workers: impact of an HIV prevention project SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; female sex workers; risk factors; prevention; sexually transmitted diseases; condoms; Bolivia ID INFECTION; BEHAVIOR; THAILAND AB Objective: To implement an HIV prevention intervention among female commercial sex workers (CSW), and to monitor key outcomes using routinely collected clinical and laboratory data. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis Of data from an open-enrollment cohort. Setting: One public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and about 25 brothels in La Pat, Bolivia. Participants: A total of 508 female CSW who work at brothels and attend a public STD clinic. Intervention: Improved STD clinical care, supported by periodic laboratory testing, and behavioral interventions performed by a local non-governmental organization. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of gonorrhea, syphilis (reactive plasma reagin titer greater than or equal to 1.16), genital ulcer disease, chlamydial infection, and trichomoniasis; self-reported condom use in the previous month; and HIV seroprevalence. Results: From 1992 through 1995, prevalence of gonorrhea among CSW declined from 25.8 to 9.9% (P < 0.001), syphilis from 14.9 to 8.7% (P = 0.02), and genital ulcer disease from 5.7 to 1.3% (P = 0.006); trends in prevalence of chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis were not significant. Self-reported condom use during vaginal sex in the past month increased from 36.3 to 72.5% (P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, condom use was inversely associated with gonorrhea [odds ratio (OR), 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-0.97], syphilis (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23-0.64), and trichomoniasis (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.32-0.71). In 1995, HIV seroprevalence among CSW was 0.1%. Conclusion: Effective prevention interventions for female CSW can be implemented through public services and non-governmental organizations while HIV rates are still low, and key outcomes can be monitored using data obtained from periodic screening examinations. ISSN 0269-9370. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Proyecto SIDA, La Paz, Bolivia. Natl Inst Labs Hlth, La Paz, Bolivia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Commun Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. Bolivia Minist Hlth & Social Welf, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Levine, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1899 EP 1906 DI 10.1097/00002030-199814000-00022 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 128RJ UT WOS:000076419900022 PM 9792391 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Rietmeijer, CAM Goldbaum, GM Wilson, RM AF Wolitski, RJ Rietmeijer, CAM Goldbaum, GM Wilson, RM TI HIV serostatus disclosure among gay and bisexual men in four American cities: general patterns and relation to sexual practices SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; HELP-SEEKING; INFECTION; RISK; PARTNERS; AIDS; BEHAVIORS; INTENTIONS; AWARENESS AB The present study examined patterns of serostatus disclosure among previously untested HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative gay and bisexual men recruited from four American cities (n = 701). Six months after learning their HIV serostatus, 97% of study participants had disclosed their test results to at least one other individual. Consistent with earlier studies, test results were most frequently shared with friends and the respondent's primary partner. HIV serostatus was disclosed less frequently to family members, co-workers, and non-primary sex partners. Compared with HIV-seronegative men, HIV-seropositive men were more likely to have disclosed their status to a health care provider and less likely to have shared this information with family members. Of seropositive men, 11% did not disclose their serostatus to their primary partner and 66% did not disclose to a non-primary sex partner. Of HIV-seropositive men with one or more non-primary partners, 16% of those who did not disclose their serostatus reported inconsistent condom use during anal intercourse with these partners. No significant differences in self-reported sexual practices were observed for HIV-seropositive disclosers versus non-disclosers. Compared with HIV-seronegative men who did not disclose, seronegative men who shared information about their serostatus were more likely to have had receptive anal intercourse with their primary partner (p < 0.05) and to have engaged in mutual masturbation (p < 0.005), receptive oral sex (p < 0.005) and insertive anal intercourse (p < 0.05) with non-primary partners. No significant differences were observed between disclosers and non-disclosers with regard to condom use. Implications of the findings for future research and HIV prevention programmes are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Austin, TX USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rywl@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 38 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD OCT PY 1998 VL 10 IS 5 BP 599 EP 610 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 126HD UT WOS:000076287100006 PM 9828956 ER PT J AU Heyward, WL MacQueen, KM Goldenthal, KL AF Heyward, WL MacQueen, KM Goldenthal, KL TI HIV vaccine development and evaluation: Realistic expectations SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID REASSORTANT ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; RHESUS-HUMAN; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK BEHAVIOR; EFFICACY; SAFETY; CHILDREN; VIRUS; AIDS AB As of January 1998, more than 85 vaccines for 24 clinical indications are currently licensed in the United States. From the time of discovery of the etiologic agent to the development of a licensed vaccine, many years have usually been required. Although many vaccines have been licensed on the basis of one efficacy trial, multiple vaccine concepts and multiple efficacy trials (both in the United States and internationally) have at times been necessary. Over a relatively short period of time, there has been remarkable progress in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development, with over 34 different HIV candidate vaccines having been tested in phase 1 trials, and three having been tested in phase 2 trials. In spite of our incomplete understanding of HIV pathogenesis and correlates of protection, the first phase 3 efficacy trial has been initiated in the U.S. and tentative plans have been announced for three other phase 3 efficacy trials with the most advanced HIV candidate vaccines to begin in the next 3 years. Like many previous vaccine development efforts, these initial HIV vaccine efficacy trials could be the first of many large-scale efficacy trials in the future, testing various vaccine design concepts among different high-risk populations in both developed and developing countries, The choice of when and how to proceed to phase 3 trials remains a complex decision, but it is likely that only through such trials will further knowledge be gained to advance this important effort and reach our goal of a safe and effective HIV vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20852 USA. RP Heyward, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-06,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 14 SU 3 BP S205 EP S210 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 133CV UT WOS:000076669600005 PM 9814945 ER PT J AU Mastro, TD Kitayaporn, D AF Mastro, TD Kitayaporn, D TI HIV type 1 transmission probabilities: Estimates from epidemiological studies SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MALE-TO-FEMALE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSFUSION RECIPIENTS; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; NORTHERN THAILAND; INFECTION; PARTNERS C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Mastro, TD (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 50 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 14 SU 3 BP S223 EP S227 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 133CV UT WOS:000076669600007 PM 9814947 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Phillips, WR AF Dowell, SF Schwartz, B Phillips, WR CA Pediatric URI Consensus Team TI Appropriate use of antibiotics for URIs in children: Part I. Otitis media and acute sinusitis SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ACUTE MAXILLARY SINUSITIS; METAANALYSIS; INFECTIONS; ETIOLOGY; EFFICACY; EFFUSION; THERAPY; TRIALS AB Five conditions-otitis media, acute sinusitis, cough, pharyngitis and the common cold-account for most of the outpatient use of antibiotics in the United States. The first part of this two-part article presents guidelines that encourage physicians to make an appropriate distinction between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion, to use shorter courses of antibiotic therapy in uncomplicated cases of otitis media and to limit prophylaxis to recurrence as defined strictly by number of episodes. Sinusitis in younger children is difficult to distinguish from the common cold, and the criterion for use of antibiotics should be duration of symptoms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 NR 40 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1113 EP + PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 127YP UT WOS:000076378600010 PM 9787277 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Mapp, KJ Millson, M AF Ashley, K Mapp, KJ Millson, M TI Ultrasonic extraction and field portable anodic stripping voltammetry for the determination of lead in workplace air samples SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE airborne particulates; anodic stripping voltammetry; lead determination; ultrasonic extraction AB An on-site, field-portable analytical method for the determination of lead in workplace air samples, based on the use of ultrasonic extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), was evaluated. Workplace air samples were obtained using a standard method involving particulate collection onto mixed cellulose ester membrane filters, Samples were collected at work sites where airborne particulates were generated from the abrasive blasting of lead-containing paint on highway bridges. Ultrasonic extraction (UE) of air filter samples in diluted nitric acid, followed by portable ASV, was used for the determination of lead, Also, performance evaluation samples consisting of reference materials of known lead concentration were subjected to the UE-ASV procedure for lead determination. Confirmatory analyses of the air filters and performance evaluation samples subjected to the UE-ASV lead measurement method were conducted by hotplate digestion in concentrated nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide, followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric (ICP-AES) determination of lead. Recoveries of lead from performance evaluation materials (when using the UE-ASV method) were found to be quantitative, The performance of the UE-ASV method far lead in air filters was found to be acceptable, as evaluated by comparison with results from hotplate strong acid digestion followed by ICP-AES analysis, Based on the results of this study, the ultrasonic extraction/portable ASV procedure demonstrates potential for the on-site determination of lead in personal breathing zone and area air samples. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. St Augustine Coll, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 59 IS 10 BP 671 EP 679 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 130TQ UT WOS:000076536800003 PM 9794065 ER PT J AU Davis, RR Sieber, WK AF Davis, RR Sieber, WK TI Trends in hearing protector usage in American manufacturing from 1972 to 1989 SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hearing loss; hearing protectors; National Institute for Occupational Safety and; Health; noise; Occupational Safety and Health Administration; survey AB This study investigated the trends in hearing protector use in United States manufacturing industries. Using data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-sponsored National Occupational Hazard Survey (1972), the National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983), and the Occupational Safety and Heath Administration-sponsored National Survey of Personal Protective Equipment Usage (1989), estimates were made of numbers of workers using hearing protection in various industries. Unique to this study is discussion of the impact of enactment of hearing conservation regulations during the same time frame as the two earlier surveys. In general, higher percentages of workers utilized hearing protection in 1989 than in 1972. Increased hearing protection use over time was also found when size of facility (number of employees) was taken into account. Differences in the use of hearing protection over the period 1972-1989 varied in individual industries, ranging from less than 10 to more than 30%. C1 NIOSH, Bioacoust & Occupat Vibrat Sect, Phys Agents Effects Branch, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Stat Serv Sect, Support Serv Branch, Div Surveillance Hlth Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Davis, RR (reprint author), NIOSH, Bioacoust & Occupat Vibrat Sect, Phys Agents Effects Branch, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 59 IS 10 BP 715 EP 722 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1998)059<0715:TIHPUI>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 130TQ UT WOS:000076536800008 PM 9794069 ER PT J AU Pi-Sunyer, FX Becker, DM Bouchard, C Carleton, RA Colditz, GA Dietz, WH Foreyt, JP Garrison, RJ Grundy, SM Hansen, BC Higgins, M Hill, JO Howard, BV Kuczmarski, RJ Kumanyika, S Legako, RD Prewitt, TE Rocchini, AP Smith, PL Snetselaar, LG Sowers, JR Weintraub, M Williamson, DF Wilson, GT AF Pi-Sunyer, FX Becker, DM Bouchard, C Carleton, RA Colditz, GA Dietz, WH Foreyt, JP Garrison, RJ Grundy, SM Hansen, BC Higgins, M Hill, JO Howard, BV Kuczmarski, RJ Kumanyika, S Legako, RD Prewitt, TE Rocchini, AP Smith, PL Snetselaar, LG Sowers, JR Weintraub, M Williamson, DF Wilson, GT CA Expert Panel Identification, Evaluation, T TI Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: Executive summary SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article C1 Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Laval, Phys Act Sci Lab, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Pawtucket, RI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Nutr Res Clin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Obes & Diabet Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Denver, CO USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Human Nutr & dietet MC 517, Chicago, IL USA. Prime Care Canyon Pk Family Phys Inc, Edmond, OK USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med, Iowa City, IA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol Metab & Hypertens, Univ Hlth Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. US FDA, Div Diabet Tranlat K 10, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Rutgers Eating Disorders Clin, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Pi-Sunyer, FX (reprint author), Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Hansen, Barbara/J-8723-2012; Bouchard, Claude/A-7637-2009; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Hansen, Barbara/0000-0001-9646-3525; Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 0 TC 486 Z9 506 U1 3 U2 56 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 68 IS 4 BP 899 EP 917 PG 19 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 124QE UT WOS:000076192600021 ER PT J AU Hoppin, JA Tolbert, PE Herrick, RF Freedman, DS Ragsdale, BD Horvat, KR Brann, EA AF Hoppin, JA Tolbert, PE Herrick, RF Freedman, DS Ragsdale, BD Horvat, KR Brann, EA TI Occupational chlorophenol exposure and soft tissue sarcoma risk among men aged 30-60 years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophenols; occupational exposure; oils; sarcoma; soft tissue ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; PHENOXY HERBICIDES; CANCER INCIDENCE; MANUFACTURING WORKERS; SAWMILL WORKERS; MORTALITY; DIOXINS; COHORT; DENMARK; FLUIDS AB To evaluate the association of chlorophenol exposure with soft tissue sarcoma risk independent of phenoxyherbicide exposure, the authors analyzed data from the Selected Cancers Study, a population-based case-control study that included 295 male soft tissue sarcoma cases, aged 32-60 years, from eight population-based cancer registries and 1,908 male controls. Chlorophenol exposure was assigned using both an intensity and a confidence estimate by an industrial hygienist based on verbatim job descriptions. Seventeen percent of the jobs rated as high intensity involved wood preservation, while 82% involved cutting oils. Soft tissue sarcoma risk, modeled using conditional logistic regression, was significantly associated with ever having high-intensity chlorophenol exposure (odds ratio = 1,79, 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.88). A duration-response trend was evident among more highly exposed subjects (p for trend < 0.0001). For subjects with 10 or more years of substantial exposure, the odds ratio was 7.78 (95% confidence interval 2.46-24.65). These results suggest that chlorophenol exposure independent of phenoxyherbicides may increase the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. Because of the large number of machinists in the exposed group and the complex composition of cutting fluids, it is possible that another exposure involved in machining is responsible for the observed excess risk. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Tolbert, PE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [1R29CA63622-01A1] NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 148 IS 7 BP 693 EP 703 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 128PU UT WOS:000076415700009 PM 9778176 ER PT J AU Freeman, A Lockey, J Hawley, P Biddinger, P Trout, D AF Freeman, A Lockey, J Hawley, P Biddinger, P Trout, D TI Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a machinist SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE metal working fluids; aerosols; extrinsic allergic alveolitis; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; case report ID EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS; FARMERS LUNG-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; OPERATORS LUNG; FLUID AEROSOLS; WORKERS; EXPOSURE; OUTBREAK; ASTHMA AB Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is a patchy, interstitial lung disease that involves an immunologic reaction of the lung to repeated inhalation of foreign antigens. In this report, we describe a machinist with exposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs) and biopsy-confirmed HP. Return to work, which could be equated with a retrospective workplace-specific bronchoprovocation test, proved that working within an environment in which MWFs were used was associated with clinical deterioration in the patient's pulmonary status and with clinical improvement after removal from exposure. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Grant Hosp, Columbus, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, National Institute Occupat Safety & Health, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Freeman, A (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Div Occupat & Environm Med, Med Sci Bldg Room 5251, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199810)34:4<387::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 115UL UT WOS:000075683900013 PM 9750946 ER PT J AU Kellerman, S Simonds, D Banerjee, S Towsley, J Stover, BH Jarvis, W AF Kellerman, S Simonds, D Banerjee, S Towsley, J Stover, BH Jarvis, W CA Assoc Professionals Infect Control & Epidemiolo TI APIC and CDC survey of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation and control practices in hospitals caring for children Part 1: Patient and family isolation policies and procedures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Background: The 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention draft Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities did not exempt pediatric facilities from instituting controls to prevent nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Many researchers contend that TB disease in children does not require such rigid controls. We surveyed acute-care pediatric facilities in the United States to determine adherence to patient and family isolation policies and procedures. Methods: The study included 4 mailings of a survey to infection control professionals at 284 US children's hospitals and adult acute-care hospitals with >30 pediatric beds. Results: The overall response rate was 69%. Only 41% of respondents reported having a written TB policy specifically designed for pediatric patients. Whereas 98% of respondents isolated pediatric patients with confirmed pulmonary TB, only 69% reported isolation of patients with miliary TB, and 79% reported isolation of patients with positive gastric aspirates. TB isolation policies for adult visitors were in place at 69% of hospitals, and 50% of hospitals evaluated adults for TB as part of the child's TB treatment plan. A median of 3 contact investigations occurred at each of 47% of respondent hospitals in the preceding 5 years. Conclusions: Isolation and infection control policies for children with pulmonary TB largely conformed to published guidelines but varied for children with nonpulmonary TB. Because the greatest risk of nosocomial TB transmission in pediatric facilities comes from adults with TB, a rapid TB screening process for parents and adult contacts accompanying affected children should be instituted at facilities caring for children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kellerman, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 478 EP 482 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70019-7 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 166AX UT WOS:000078555000002 PM 9795675 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Simonds, D Banerjee, S Towsley, J Stover, BH Jarvis, W AF Kellerman, SE Simonds, D Banerjee, S Towsley, J Stover, BH Jarvis, W CA Assoc Professionals Infect Control & Epidemiolo TI APIC and CDC survey of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation and control practices in hospitals caring for children Part 2: Environmental and administrative controls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Background: The 1994 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention draft Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Facilities did not exempt pediatric facilities from instituting controls to,prevent nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) transmission. Many researchers contend that TB disease in children does not require such rigid controls. We surveyed acute-care pediatric facilities in the United States to determine adherence to environmental and administrative control recommendations. Methods: The study included 4 mailings of a survey to infection control professionals at 284 US children's hospitals and adult acute-care hospitals with >30 pediatric beds. Results: Isolation rooms (IRs) generally conformed to recommended guidelines; 92% of respondents reported IRs with greater than or equal to 6 air changes per hour, 90% reported 1-pass air and negative pressure, and 89% reported that IRs were private rooms. A sufficient number of inpatient IRs were reported by 88%, but only 42% had IRs in outpatient areas, and 19% had IRs in off-site clinics. Employee tuberculin skin-test programs were in place at 98% of facilities, but policies pertaining to implementation varied. Employees' use of personal respirators increased at respondent hospitals from 1991 to 1994, but as late as 1994, nearly one third still used surgical masks for high-risk procedures. Conclusions: Environmental and administrative controls used by respondent hospitals largely conformed to published guidelines. Because definitive studies that quantify the risk of nosocomial M tuberculosis transmission in pediatric settings have yet to be performed, pediatric facilities are required to have the same protections in place as do their adult counterparts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sarasota Mem Hosp, Sarasota, FL USA. Kosair Childrens Hosp, Louisville, KY USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 483 EP 487 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70020-3 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 166AX UT WOS:000078555000003 PM 9795676 ER PT J AU Kellerman, S Chan, JL Jarvis, W AF Kellerman, S Chan, JL Jarvis, W TI Use of urokinase in pediatric hematology/oncology patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID VENOUS CATHETER INFECTIONS; LOW-DOSE UROKINASE; ONCOLOGY PATIENTS; ACCESS DEVICES; SEPSIS; THROMBOSIS; INFUSION; BACTEREMIA; CHILDREN; TRIAL AB Purpose: This study was conducted to determine urokinase use practices in pediatric hematology/oncology centers. Methods: Pediatric hematology/oncology centers were surveyed by telephone regarding urokinase use in children with central venous catheters (CVCs). Results: A total of 92 centers participated in the study. Urokinase is the primary thrombolytic agent used in pediatric hematology/oncology centers; 67 of 92 (73%) centers had a written protocol for its use. Multiple boluses of urokinase were used in most centers; only 16 of 92 (17%) centers limited urokinase use to 1 bolus per episode of CVC occlusion. At 10 of 92 (11%) centers, adverse events (eg, fever, chills, or bleeding) after urokinase administration were reported. At 83 of 91 (91%) centers, urokinase was routinely used to clear thrombi in children with central nervous system tumors despite contraindications. At 80 of 92 (87%) centers, occluded CVCs were replaced after unsuccessful thrombolytic therapy, but only 21% of the centers altered the CVC maintenance protocol after replacement. Written protocols, the use of multiple boluses, and urokinase infusions were more likely at larger centers (ie, >200 patients) than in medium (100-200 patients) or small (<100 patients) centers. Conclusions: Urokinase is a widely used alternative to replacement of occluded CVCs, but protocols vary widely. Indiscriminate urokinase use can be expensive and potentially hazardous. Centers that use urokinase should have standardized protocols, monitor use and adverse effects, and periodically review efficacy data. RP Kellerman, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Mail Stop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 502 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70023-9 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 166AX UT WOS:000078555000006 PM 9795679 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR Gaynes, RP Horan, TC Alonso-Echanove, J Emori, TG Fridkin, SK Lawton, RM Richards, MJ Wright, GC Culver, DH Abshire, JP Edwards, JR Henderson, TS Peavy, GE Tolson, JS Wages, JT AF Jarvis, WR Gaynes, RP Horan, TC Alonso-Echanove, J Emori, TG Fridkin, SK Lawton, RM Richards, MJ Wright, GC Culver, DH Abshire, JP Edwards, JR Henderson, TS Peavy, GE Tolson, JS Wages, JT CA NNIS Syst TI National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from October 1986 April 1998, issued June 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, NISA, Project ICARE, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, SISB, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 148 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 522 EP 533 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 166AX UT WOS:000078555000009 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP Sehulster, LM Chiarello, L Simonds, DN Jarvis, WR AF Manangan, LP Sehulster, LM Chiarello, L Simonds, DN Jarvis, WR TI Risk of infectious disease transmission from a common communion cup SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 538 EP 539 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70029-X PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 166AX UT WOS:000078555000012 PM 9795685 ER PT J AU Quale, JM Landman, D Wallace, B Atwood, E Ditore, V Fruchter, G AF Quale, JM Landman, D Wallace, B Atwood, E Ditore, V Fruchter, G TI Deja vu: Nosocomial hepatitis B virus transmission and fingerstick monitoring SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK; HBSAG SUBTYPES; DEVICE; UNIT; SURGEON AB PURPOSE: Three patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection were identified who had been hospitalized on the same medical ward during a 19-day period several months earlier. An investigation was undertaken to determine if nosocomial transmission had occurred. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort study of patients admitted to the medical ward during the 19-day period in 1995 was conducted. In addition, we reviewed medical charts and laboratory records of all patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection who had been admitted to the hospital from 1992 through October 1996 to identify other cases with possible nosocomial acquisition. RESULTS: The 3 patients who had developed acute hepatitis B infection 2 to 5 months after hospitalization on the same medical ward had diabetes mellitus but no identified risk factors for hepatitis B infection. A source patient with diabetes mellitus and hepatitis B "e" antigenemia also was present on the same medical ward at the same time; all 4 patients were infected with the same viral subtype (adw2). Diabetes mellitus and fingerstick monitoring were associated with illness (P < 0.001). Through the review of medical charts and laboratory records, 11 additional cases of suspected nosocomial acquisition via fingersticks were identified in 1996, including two clusters involving an unusual subtype of hepatitis B virus (adw4). The fingerstick device employed had a reusable base onto which disposable lancet caps were inserted. There was ample opportunity for cross-contamination among patients because deficiencies in infection control practices, particularly failure to change gloves between patients, were reported by nurses and patients with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Transmission during fingerstick procedures was the most likely cause of these cases of nosocomial hepatitis B infection. Contamination probably occurred when healthcare workers failed to change gloves between patients undergoing fingerstick monitoring, although other means of contamination cannot be ruled out. (C) 1998 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Landman, D (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 77,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 105 IS 4 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(98)00256-3 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 133NF UT WOS:000076692100007 PM 9809690 ER PT J AU Livir-Rallatos, C El-Shabrawi, Y Zatirakis, P Pellett, PE Stamey, FR Foster, CS AF Livir-Rallatos, C El-Shabrawi, Y Zatirakis, P Pellett, PE Stamey, FR Foster, CS TI Recurrent nodular scleritis associated with varicella zoster virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-ZOSTER AB PURPOSE: To describe a case of recurrent nodular scleritis that was apparently caused by reactivation of a varicella tester virus infection. METHODS: Case report. Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect viral antigen and DNA in the biopsy specimen of inflamed sclera of a patient with a history of recurrent nodular scleritis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction disclosed varicella tester virus protein and DNA in the biopsy specimen of inflamed sclera from the patient. The scleritis resolved with oral famciclovir therapy. CONCLUSION: Reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus and direct viral invasion of sclera apparently caused the recurrent anti-inflammatory resistant scleritis in our patient. (Am J Ophthalmol 1998;126:594-597. (C) 1998 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.). C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Uveitis & Immunol Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Foster, CS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Uveitis & Immunol Serv, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 126 IS 4 BP 594 EP 597 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(98)00120-2 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 126WA UT WOS:000076316500017 PM 9780109 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ML Hammond, WR AF Rosenberg, ML Hammond, WR TI Surveillance the key to firearm injury prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hammond, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00068-3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200001 PM 9791617 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Ikeda, R Powell, KE AF Mercy, JA Ikeda, R Powell, KE TI Firearm-related injury surveillance - An overview of progress and the challenges ahead SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE firearms; injuries; public health surveillance ID REPORTING SYSTEM AB Firearm-related injuries pose a serious public health problem in the United States and are increasingly the focus of public health concern. Despite the magnitude of this problem, ongoing and systematic collection of data on firearm-related injuries to help guide research and policy development has been lacking. The further development of firearm-related injury surveillance systems can provide an objective source of information for policy. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control began to support the development of firearm-related injury surveillance systems by augmenting existing national- and state-level data collection systems and establishing cooperative agreements with state and local health departments to identify optimal firearm-related injury surveillance practices. Some progress has been made in improving the capacity to undertake firearm injury surveillance at national, state, and local levels for mortality, morbidity (including disability), and risk/protective factors, but. much work remains to be done. The development of state and local firearm-related injury surveillance systems provides the dearest potential for linking basic information on firearm-related injuries to action, given the critical role that states have in both public health surveillance and regulation of firearms. Broader application of external cause-of-injury codes, increased standardization and validation of definitions and data-collection instruments, improved methods for identifying firearm characteristics and types, and the identification of efficient techniques for linking health and criminal justice data sources are among the key challenges we face as we try to build a more uniform system for monitoring firearm-related injuries in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00060-9 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200003 PM 9791619 ER PT J AU Annest, JL Mercy, JA AF Annest, JL Mercy, JA TI Use of national data systems for firearm-related injury surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE firearm-related injury surveillance; violence-related surveillance; occupational firearm-related injury surveillance; surveillance of risk behaviors associated with firearm-related injuries ID MEDICAL-EXAMINERS MANNER; DEATH QUESTIONNAIRE; MIND AB Introduction: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of federal data systems that report national data on fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries and associated risk factors and behaviors. Results: There are 13 federal data systems that provide useful information for national surveillance of firearm-related injuries in the United States. Each data system has useful features and limitations. Each provides a different methodologic approach to capture data for monitoring and characterizing firearm-related deaths or injuries, or behavioral risks associated with unintentional and violent events. Conclusion: Although much progress has been made over the past decade to improve national data on firearm-related injuries, many gaps still remain. A mechanism is needed to better coordinate and integrate federal efforts to collect, analyze, and disseminate data on firearm-related injury. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Annest, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mail Stop K-59,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00057-9 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200004 PM 9791620 ER PT J AU Archer, PJ Mallonee, S Schmidt, AC Ikeda, RM AF Archer, PJ Mallonee, S Schmidt, AC Ikeda, RM TI Oklahoma firearm-related injury surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE firearm; surveillance; epidemiology; mortality; morbidity AB Context: The magnitude of firearm-related deaths is known, but few studies ha ire evaluated the magnitude and epidemiology of nonfatal firearm-related injuries. The circumstances resulting in fatal versus nonfatal injury are likely very different. No single data source provides complete details on nonfatal shootings. Objective: To establish a surveillance system to define the epidemiology; of fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries. Design: Data were collected on fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries that occurred in 1995. Setting: State of Oklahoma. Participants: Medical Examiner, Vital Statistics, hospital emergency and medical records departments, police departments, newspaper clipping service. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence rate of firearm-related injuries; case-fatality rate; demographic, medical, and epidemiologic data; sensitivity of each reporting source; completeness of reporting. Results: The incidence rate of firearm-related injuries was 45.5 per 100,000 population. The case fatality rate was 35%. Injury rates were highest among adolescents, young adults, males, and African Americans. The Medical Examiner and Vital Statistics reported 81% and 98% of fatal cases, respectively. Passive surveillance of hospital emergency departments identified 72% of patients seeking hospital treatment. Among inpatients, 81% were identified by medical records departments. Newspaper clippings were obtained for 31% of cases. Information on the victim-perpetrator relationship and the type of firearm was available for 79% and 80% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: Statewide surveillance of firearm-related injuries using multiple data sources is possible and provides a picture of the overall firearm-related injury problem. Strategies to enhance computer linkages of medical and police data should be pursued to maximize the sensitivity of reporting and minimize the costs of surveillance. C1 Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Innury Prevent Serv 0307, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. RP Archer, PJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Innury Prevent Serv 0307, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. FU PHS HHS [U17/CCU611096] NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00054-3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200011 PM 9791627 ER PT J AU LeMier, M Cummings, P Keck, D Stehr-Green, J Ikeda, R Saltzman, L AF LeMier, M Cummings, P Keck, D Stehr-Green, J Ikeda, R Saltzman, L TI Washington State gunshot-wound surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injury; firearm; weapon; surveillance ID INJURY-SURVEILLANCE; EMERGENCY AB Context: Gunshot is the second leading mechanism of injury death in Washington State, but data on nonfatal gun-related injuries are limited. Objective: Develop and evaluate a system for surveillance of fatal and nonfatal gunshot injuries. Design: A gunshot wound surveillance system was pilot-tested. Reports from emergency departments were compared with emergency department logs and reports from medical examiners and coroners were compared with death certificates. Setting: Six Washington counties, with 57% of the state's population. Participants: Hospital emergency departments, coroners, medical examiners, and local law enforcement agencies. Main Outcome Measures: Surveillance system simplicity, acceptability, sensitivity, and predictive value positive. Results: The pilot system was found to be simple and acceptable to data providers. The predictive value positive was 99% for reports from hospital emergency departments and 100% for reports from medical examiners and coroners. The sensitivity of hospital emergency department reporting was 76%; the sensitivity of reporting by medical examiners and coroners was 81%, Conclusions: States interested in developing gunshot-wound surveillance systems should: (1) verify the existence of a statewide-gunshot-wound reporting requirement, (2) consider establishing such a requirement if one does not exist, (3) include hospital emergency departments as a data source, (4) establish the capacity to link records if multiple data sources are used, (5) limit the data reporting requirements to fit on a one-page form, preferably one-side only, (6) periodically review the data and the reporting practices of data providers, and be prepared to make changes if things are not working as planned, and (7) disseminate surveillance data and system evaluation findings on a regular basis. C1 Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Community Wellness & Prevent, Injury Prevent Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP LeMier, M (reprint author), Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Community Wellness & Prevent, Injury Prevent Program, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. FU PHS HHS [U17/CCU11040] NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00053-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200012 PM 9791628 ER PT J AU Fox, J Stahlsmith, L Remington, P Tymus, T Hargarten, S AF Fox, J Stahlsmith, L Remington, P Tymus, T Hargarten, S TI The Wisconsin firearm-related injury surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE firearm; injury; surveillance AB Context: Firearm-related injuries rank second only to motor vehicle-related injuries as a cause of injury death in Wisconsin. Objective: To evaluate the attributes of the Wisconsin Firearm-Related Injury Surveillance System. Design: A structured surveillance system evaluation using predetermined criteria. Setting: A passive surveillance system linking administrative data from existing state-funded inpatient hospitalization and mortality databases. Participants: State health department. Main Outcome Measures: Attributes assessed included simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, resources, and data quality. Results: The use of two existing state databases simplifies data acquisition and linkage. However, hospital discharge and vital records databases are not sufficiently flexible to collect perpetrator and circumstance information. Acceptability is high because of state-mandated reporting to both databases. For firearm-related injuries requiring hospitalization, the system's predictive value positive is 97% when E codes are compared with data from chart reviews. The system is considered timely because annual data from the hospital discharge and vital records systems can be obtained, linked, analyzed, and reported by September of the subsequent pear. The system is sustainable largely because existing software is used for annual evaluations, which requires less than 2 weeks of staff time. Conclusions: With minimal resources and time, the Wisconsin Firearm-Related Injury Surveillance System uses existing state government databases to describe and report the burden of firearm-related injuries. Additional information on circumstances, perpetrators, and weapons involved are available but additional resources are needed to integrate this information with existing data. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53703 USA. Wisconsin Bur Publ Hlth, Injury Control Sect, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RP Fox, J (reprint author), Phys Plus Insurance Corp, 340 W Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53703 USA. RI Alkhalawi, Mohammed/C-6111-2012 FU PHS HHS [U17/CCU511009-03] NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00056-7 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200013 PM 9791629 ER PT J AU Saltzman, LE Ikeda, RM AF Saltzman, LE Ikeda, RM TI Recommended data elements for firearm-related injury surveillance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE firearm; injury; injuries; surveillance; data collection AB During 1994, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded seven states to develop and evaluate surveillance systems for firearm-related injuries. In addition, New York City and California had related experience with firearm-related injury surveillance. At the time these nine jurisdictions began developing their surveillance systems, no standardized definitions or recommendations IL ere available about the best methods or procedures of collecting data or suggested data elements of a firearm-related injury surveillance system. The nine jurisdictions and CDC developed a list of recommended data elements (RDEs) for fatal and nonfatal firearm-related injuries. Mie describe the process used to develop the RDEs, the 21 data elements suggested by the funded projects, the data sources that may be able to provide those data elements, and an indication of which sources may be most useful. We encourage all developing surveillance systems to strive to include these data elements, although some of the elements will be more easily attainable for fatal injury events than nonfatal ones, and no single data source will be able to provide all the desired information about both morbidity and mortality from firearm-related injuries. The RDEs capitalize on the preliminary experiences of the small group of jurisdictions, but they need to be pilot tested and revised as we collect more information about how well these elements capture the desired information and whether the information obtained is useful. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saltzman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00058-0 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200015 PM 9791631 ER PT J AU Koo, D Birkhead, GS AF Koo, D Birkhead, GS TI Prospects and challenges in implementing firearm-related injury surveillance in the United States - Not a flash in the pan SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE firearm; injury; surveillance; standards ID FATALITIES; SYSTEMS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Albany, NY USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 SU S BP 120 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00059-2 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 124CG UT WOS:000076163200016 PM 9791632 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Sacks, JJ Briske, LA Dickey, PH Kinde, MR Mallonee, S Douglas, MR AF Shults, RA Sacks, JJ Briske, LA Dickey, PH Kinde, MR Mallonee, S Douglas, MR TI Evaluation of three smoke detector promotion programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accident prevention; accident, home; burns; fires; program evaluation ID PREVENTION AB Context: Seventy percent of U.S. residential fire deaths occur in homes without a working smoke detector. To help prevent residential fire deaths, many programs have distributed or installed detectors in unprotected homes. Because persons receiving a detector may not install it and because detector batteries require annual replacement, the enduring effectiveness of these programs may be questioned. Objective: We evaluated the long-term functional status of smoke detectors distributed to high-risk households in eight areas of Minnesota, Cherokee County (North Carolina), and Oklahoma City (Oklahoma). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Home visits were made to check the detectors that were distributed 3 to 4 years earlier. Participants: Randomly selected households from the three detector promotion programs. Main Out-come Measure: At least one working smoke detector. Results: Participation rates ranged from 72% to 82%. The percentage of evaluation households with at least one working detector ranged from 58% in Oklahoma to 73% in North Carolina. In 76% of households with nonworking detectors, the batteries were either missing or disconnected. When batteries in nonworking detectors were replaced, 83% of the detectors regained function. Conclusions: Future programs should consider distributing detectors that do not require annual battery changes or find effective ways to ensure that batteries are routinely replaced. Programs should also provide each household with the number of detectors needed to meet the most current recommended standard of the National Fire Protection Agency. The evaluation's participation rates support the practicality of unannounced home visits to evaluate home injury prevention programs in high-risk groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Injury & Violence Prevent Unit, Ctr Hlth Promot, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Employment Secur Commiss N Carolina, Murphy, NC 28906 USA. Oklahoma State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00071-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122ZR UT WOS:000076101800001 PM 9791633 ER PT J AU Adams, EK Melvin, CL AF Adams, EK Melvin, CL TI Costs of maternal conditions attributable to smoking during pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoking; pregnancy; cost; economics; health behavior; health care costs; surveys ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; PLACENTAL ABRUPTION; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PREECLAMPSIA; WOMEN; AGE AB Context: Despite known adverse health effects, many women continue to smoke during pregnancy. Public attention has now focused on the economic as well as health effects of this behavior. Objective: To estimate health care costs associated with smoking-attributable cases of placenta previa, abruptio placenta, ectopic pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of the membrane (PPROM), preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion. Design: Pooled odds ratios were used with data on total cases to estimate smoking-attributable cases. Estimated average costs for cases of ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion were used to estimate smoking-attributable health care costs for these conditions. Incremental costs, or costs above those for a "normal" delivery, were used to estimate smoking-attributable costs of placenta previa, abruptio placenta, PPROM, and preeclampsia associated with delivery. Setting: National estimates for 1993. Participants: Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and claims data from a sample of large, self-insured employers across the country. Results: Smoking-attributable costs ranged from $1.3 million for PPROM to $86 million for ectopic pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy apparently protects against pre-eclampsia and saves between $36 and $49 million, depending on smoking prevalence. Over all conditions smoking-attributable costs ranged from $135 to $167 million. Conclusions: Smoking during pregnancy is a preventable cause of higher health care costs for the conditions studied. While smoking during pregnancy was found to be protective against pre-eclampsia and, hence, saves costs, the net costs were still positive and significant. Effective smoking-cessation programs can reduce health care costs but clinicians will perhaps need to manage increased cases of pre-eclampsia in a cost-effective manner. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Program Serv & Dev Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Adams, EK (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 656, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 25 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 BP 212 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00049-X PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122ZR UT WOS:000076101800007 PM 9791639 ER PT J AU Carmichael, SL Iyasu, S AF Carmichael, SL Iyasu, S TI Changes in the black-white infant mortality gap from 1983 to 1991 in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE infant; neonatal; postneonatal; mortality; trends ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; PRETERM DELIVERY; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; SURFACTANT THERAPY; VITAL-STATISTICS; PRENATAL-CARE; TRENDS; METRONIDAZOLE AB Background: The long-standing difference in infant mortality in the United States between black and white infants has increased in recent years. To help identify the cause, we evaluated changes in birthweight distributions (BDs) and birthweight-specific mortality rates (BSMRs) among black and white infants born in the United States between 1983 and 1991. Methods: Using national linked birth and death certificate data, we limited analyses to singleton births that occurred in the United States to resident, non-Hispanic black and white women. Birthweight data were analyzed in 500 g increments. The black-white gap was partitioned into deaths due to differences in BDs and BSMRs. Results: The black-white infant mortality rate ratio increased from 2.1 in 1983 to 2.4 in 1991. Decreases in BSMRs among infants weighing from 500 to 2499 g occurred in both groups but were smaller among black than white infants; consequently, the percentage of excess deaths to black infants due to differences in BSMRs almost doubled during the study period, from 6.5% to 11.9%. Rates of very low birthweight (VLBW, <1,500 g) increased for black infants, but the ED for white infants changed little. Although about 90% of the excess deaths to black infants resulted from differences in BDs, the changes in BDs had a minimal effect on the widening infant mortality gap. Conclusions: A significant reduction in the black-white infant mortality gap will require a reduction in VLBM and low birthweight (LBW, <2,500 g). To keep the gap from growing, we must also investigate why decreases in BSMRs were smaller among black than white infants between 1983 and 1991. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Carmichael, SL (reprint author), Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, 1900 Powell St,Suite 1050, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00052-X PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122ZR UT WOS:000076101800008 PM 9791640 ER PT J AU Rempel, D Evanoff, B Amadio, PC de Krom, M Franklin, G Franzblau, A Gray, R Gerr, F Hagberg, M Hales, T Katz, JN Pransky, G AF Rempel, D Evanoff, B Amadio, PC de Krom, M Franklin, G Franzblau, A Gray, R Gerr, F Hagberg, M Hales, T Katz, JN Pransky, G TI Consensus criteria for the classification of carpal tunnel syndrome in epidemiologic studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STATE WORKERS COMPENSATION; NERVE-CONDUCTION MEASURES; INDUSTRIAL-WORKERS; MEDIAN NERVE; VIBROMETRY; DIAGNOSIS; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; VIBRATION; THRESHOLD AB Criteria for the classification of carpal tunnel syndrome for use in epidemiologic studies were developed by means of a consensus process. Twelve medical researchers with experience in conducting epidemiologic studies of carpal tunnel syndrome participated in the process. The group reached agreement on Several conceptual issues. First, there is no perfect gold standard for carpal tunnel syndrome. The combination of electrodiagnostic study findings and symptom characteristics will provide the most accurate information for classification of carpal tunnel syndrome. Second, use of only electrodiagnostic study findings is not recommended. Finally, in the absence of electrodiagnostic studies, specific combinations of symptom characteristics and physical examination findings may be useful in some settings but are likely to result in greater misclassification of disease status. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Med, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Acad Ziekenhuis, Maastricht, Netherlands. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Inst Med, Gothenburg, Sweden. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Brigham Multipurpose Arthrit & Musculoskeletal Di, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. RP Rempel, D (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Med, 1301 S 46th St,Bldg 112, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM rempel@itsa.ucsf.edu RI Rempel, David/E-8424-2013; OI Evanoff, Bradley A./0000-0003-0085-333X NR 41 TC 305 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1447 EP 1451 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.10.1447 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 124PV UT WOS:000076191600002 PM 9772842 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Levin, ML Whitaker, DJ Xu, XH AF Miller, KS Levin, ML Whitaker, DJ Xu, XH TI Patterns of condom use among adolescents: The impact of mother-adolescent communication SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INCARCERATED ADOLESCENTS; SEXUAL COMMUNICATION; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; ATTITUDES; FAMILY; PARENT; RISK; DETERMINANTS; PREDICTORS AB Objectives. The association between the timing of discussions about condoms between mother and adolescent and adolescents' condom use during their first and subsequent sexual encounters was examined. Methods. Sexually active adolescents reported whether and when they discussed condoms with their mother and answered questions about their own condom use. Results. Mother-adolescent discussions about condoms that occurred prior to sexual debut were strongly associated with greater condom use during first intercourse and most recent intercourse, along with greater lifetime regular condom use. Conclusions. Discussions about condoms prior to sexual debut are important in promoting condom use among adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM KXM3@cdc.gov RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 25 TC 162 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 88 IS 10 BP 1542 EP 1544 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.10.1542 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 124PV UT WOS:000076191600020 PM 9772860 ER PT J AU Olivares-Villagomez, D McCurley, TL Vnencak-Jones, CL Correa-Oliveira, R Colley, DG Carter, CE AF Olivares-Villagomez, D McCurley, TL Vnencak-Jones, CL Correa-Oliveira, R Colley, DG Carter, CE TI Polymerase chain reaction amplification of three different Trypanosoma cruzi DNA sequences from human chagasic cardiac tissue SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KINETOPLAST MINICIRCLE DNA; DISEASE; BLOOD; HYBRIDIZATION; MYOCARDITIS; DIAGNOSIS; LESIONS; FL-160; GENE; PCR AB Chagas' disease is caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The most common, serious manifestation of Chagas' disease is a progressive inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which occurs decades after primary infection. The inability to consistently demonstrate T. cruzi by histologic techniques in inflammatory cardiac lesions has suggested that the parasites' persistence may not be required for the pathology of the chronic phase. In this report we further analyze the persistence and localization of T. cruzi DNA in the hearts of seven patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, along with four indeterminate patients and seven control patients seronegative for T. cruzi infection. In the seven patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, we extracted DNA from selected inflammatory foci-positive (IFP) and inflammatory foci-negative (IFN) areas of hematoxylin and eosin-stained cardiac tissue. We then used polymerase chain reaction methodology to amplify three different T, cruzi sequences (a minicircle sequence [MCS], a satellite repetitive sequence [RS], and, a low copy number sequence within the gene coding for a flagellar protein [FPS]). The MCS was detected in similar to 100% of both the IFP and IFN areas analyzed. The RS was detected in 37.5% and 23% of the IFP and IFN areas, respectively (difference not statistically significant; P > 0.10, degrees of freedom = 1, G test of independence = 1.9522). The FPS was rarely detected (2%), and was only present in DNA extracted from IFP areas. The MCS was also detected in most indeterminate cases (none of whom had inflammatory lesions) although with a markedly diminished amplification signal relative to cardiomyopathy cases. The MCS was not amplified from the cardiac tissues from seronegative controls. These results suggest that the quantity of T. cruzi DNA persisting in hearts of patients with Chagas' disease correlates with cardiomyopathy, but may not be preferentially associated with inflammatory foci. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. FIOCRUZ, Ctr Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Olivares-Villagomez, D (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 563 EP 570 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 129QD UT WOS:000076473700017 PM 9790431 ER PT J AU Sanders, EJ Marfin, AA Tukei, PM Kuria, G Ademba, G Agata, NN Ouma, JO Cropp, CB Karabatsos, H Reiter, P Moore, PS Gubler, DJ AF Sanders, EJ Marfin, AA Tukei, PM Kuria, G Ademba, G Agata, NN Ouma, JO Cropp, CB Karabatsos, H Reiter, P Moore, PS Gubler, DJ TI First recorded outbreak of yellow fever in Kenya, 1992-1993. I. Epidemiologic investigations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; SURVEILLANCE; DENGUE AB Outbreaks of yellow fever (YF) have never been recorded in Kenya. However, in September 1992, cases of hemorrhagic fever (HF) were reported in the Kerio Valley to the Kenya Ministry of Health. Early in 1993, the disease was confirmed as YF and a mass vaccination campaign was initiated. Cases of suspected YF were identified through medical record review and hospital-based disease surveillance by using a clinical case definition. Case-patients were confirmed serologically and virologically. We documented 55 persons with HF from three districts of the Rift Valley Province in the period of September 10, 1992 through March 11, 1993 (attack rate = 27.4/100,000 population). Twenty-six (47%) of the 55 persons had serologic evidence of recent YF infection, and three of these persons were also confirmed by YF virus isolation. No serum was available from the other 29 HF cases. In addition, YF virus was isolated from a person from the epidemic area who had a nonspecific febrile illness but did not meet the case definition. Five patients with confirmed cases of YF died, a case-fatality rate of 19%. Women with confirmed cases of YF were 10.9 times more likely to die than men (P = 0.010, by Fisher's exact test). Of the 26 patients with serologic or virologic evidence of YF, and for whom definite age was known, 21 (81%) were between 10 and 39 years of age, and 19 (73%) were males. All patients with confirmed YF infection lived in rural areas. There was only one instance of multiple cases within a single family, and this was associated with bush-clearing activity. This was the first documented outbreak of YF in Kenya, a classic example of a sylvatic transmission cycle. Surveillance in rural and urban areas outside the vaccination area should be intensified. C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. WHO, Reg Off, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Virus Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 30 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 644 EP 649 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 129QD UT WOS:000076473700032 PM 9790446 ER PT J AU Reiter, P Cordellier, R Ouma, JO Cropp, CB Savage, HM Sanders, EJ Marfin, AA Tukei, PM Agata, NN Gitau, LG Rapuoda, BA Gubler, DJ AF Reiter, P Cordellier, R Ouma, JO Cropp, CB Savage, HM Sanders, EJ Marfin, AA Tukei, PM Agata, NN Gitau, LG Rapuoda, BA Gubler, DJ TI First recorded outbreak of yellow fever in Kenya, 1992-1993. II. Entomologic investigations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; AFRICA; VECTOR AB The first recorded outbreak of yellow fever in Kenya occurred from mid-1992 through March 1993 in the south Kerio Valley, Rift Valley Province. We conducted entomologic studies in February-March 1993 to identify the likely vectors and determine the potential for transmission in the surrounding rural and urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected by landing capture and processed for virus isolation. Container surveys were conducted around human habitation. Transmission was mainly in woodland of varying density, at altitudes of 1,300-1,800 m. The abundance of Aedes africanus in this biotope, and two isolations of virus from pools of this species, suggest that it was the principal vector in the main period of the outbreak. A third isolate was made from a pool of Ae. keniensis, a little-known species that was collected in the same biotope. Other known yellow fever vectors that were collected in the arid parts of the valley may have been involved at an earlier stage of the epidemic. Vervet monkeys and baboons were present in the outbreak area. Peridomestic mosquito species were absent but abundant at urban sites outside the outbreak area. The entomologic and epidemiologic evidence indicate that this was a sylvatic outbreak in which human cases were directly linked to the epizootic and were independent of other human cases. The region of the Kerio Valley is probably subject to recurrent wandering epizootics of yellow fever, although previous episodes of scattered human infection have gone unrecorded. The risk that the disease could emerge as an urban problem in Kenya should not be ignored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. ORSTOM, Inst Francais Rech Sci Dev & Cooperat, F-75010 Paris, France. Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. WHO, Reg Off, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Med Res Inst, Virus Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 650 EP 656 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 129QD UT WOS:000076473700033 PM 9790447 ER PT J AU May, DS Trontell, AE AF May, DS Trontell, AE TI Mammography use by elderly women: A methodological comparison of two national data sources SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mammography; health surveys; Medicare; evaluation studies ID SELF-REPORTS; ACCURACY AB PURPOSE: Estimates of mammography utilization vary considerably, depending on the data source. Among women aged 65 years and older, recent estimates of annual mammography derived from the 1992 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were 50% higher than estimates from Medicare claims. We investigated possible reasons for the different estimates. METHODS: We identified differences in the populations covered by the two data sources and made appropriate adjustments. Differences due to age were addressed by age restriction and age adjustment. Women in health maintenance organizations were eliminated from the NHIS sample so it more closely resembled the Medicare database, and estimates of mammography utilization by noninstitutionalized women were derived for Medicare to increase comparability with NHIS. By using the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to obtain individual-level comparisons between self-report and claims, we explored potential biases in self-reported data and missing claims. RESULTS: Differences between the sample populations accounted for more than one fourth of the rate difference. About half of the difference could be attributed to erroneous self-reports, biases in self-reported dates (forward and reverse telescoping) and missing Medicare claims. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the discrepancy between the two data sources can be plausibly explained. However, caution must be used in using either data source alone, or both together, to represent the "true" mammography rate. Ann Epidemiol 1998;8:439-444. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Off Res & Demonstrat, Div Beneficiary Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP May, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K55,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [500-92-0020 D.O. # 11] NR 15 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 8 IS 7 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(98)00010-6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 116KC UT WOS:000075722600005 PM 9738690 ER PT J AU Weigel, LM Steward, CD Tenover, FC AF Weigel, LM Steward, CD Tenover, FC TI gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of Enterobacteriaceae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID COLI DNA GYRASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; PARC GENES; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; TOPOISOMERASE-IV; CLINICAL ISOLATE; IN-VITRO; SUBUNIT; CLONING AB Fluoroquinolone resistance (FQ-R) in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. Two mechanisms of FQ-R have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in DNA gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. A single point mutation in gyrA has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. To determine the extent of gyrA mutations associated,vith FQ-R in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers was selected from conserved sequences in the flanking regions of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, This set of primers was used to amplify and sequence the QRDRs from 8 Enterobacteriaceae type strains and 60 fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia stuartii, and Serratia marfescens. Although similarity of the nucleotide sequences of seven species ranged from 80.8 to 93.3%, when compared with that of E, coli, the amino acid sequences of the gyrA QRDR were highly conserved. Conservative amino acid substitutions were detected in the QRDRs of the susceptible type strains of C. freundii, E, aerogenes, K. oxytoca (Ser-83 to Thr), and P. stuartii (Asp-87 to Glu), Strains with ciprofloxacin MICs of >2 mu g/ml expressed amino acid substitutions primarily at the Gly-81, Ser-83, or Asp-87 position, Fluoroquinolone MICs varied significantly for strains exhibiting identical gyrA mutations, indicating that alterations outside gyrA contribute to resistance. The type and position of amino acid alterations also differed among these six genera, High-level FQ-R frequently was associated with single gyrA mutations in all species of Enterobacteriaceae in this study except E. coli. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weigel, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lew9@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 42 IS 10 BP 2661 EP 2667 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 126MH UT WOS:000076296900031 PM 9756773 ER PT J AU Jarvis, BB Sorenson, WG Hintikka, EL Nikulin, M Zhou, YH Jiang, J Wang, SG Hinkley, S Etzel, RA Dearborn, D AF Jarvis, BB Sorenson, WG Hintikka, EL Nikulin, M Zhou, YH Jiang, J Wang, SG Hinkley, S Etzel, RA Dearborn, D TI Study of toxin production by isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum and Memnoniella echinata isolated during a study of pulmonary hemosiderosis in infants SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATRA; FERMENTATION; ANTAGONISTS; INHIBITORS; ENDOTHELIN; SPIRODIHYDROBENZOFURANLACTAMS; ENVIRONMENT; MYCOTOXINS; EXPOSURE; ORGANISM AB A cluster of cases of pulmonary hemosiderosis among infants was reported in Cleveland, Ohio, during 1993 and 1994. These unusual cases appeared only in infants ranging in age from 1 to 8 months and were characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, which caused the babies to cough up blood. A case control study identified major home water damage (from plumbing leaks, roof leaks, or flooding) as a risk factor for development of pulmonary hemorrhage in these infants. Because of an interest in the possibility that trichothecene mycotoxins might be involved in this illness, a number of isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum were grown in the laboratory on rice, and extracts were prepared and analyzed both for cytotoxicity and for specific toxins. Two isolates of Memnoniella echinata, a fungus closely related to S. chartarum, were also included in these studies. S. chartarum isolates collected from the homes were shown to produce a number of highly toxic compounds, and the profiles of toxic compounds from M. echinata were similar; the most notable difference was the fact that the principal metabolites produced by M. echinata were griseofulvins. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Vet & Food Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland. Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Epizootol, Helsinki, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Sorenson, WG (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM wgs1@cdc.gov OI Hinkley, Simon F.R./0000-0002-1831-8389 NR 40 TC 143 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 64 IS 10 BP 3620 EP 3625 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 126LP UT WOS:000076295100011 PM 9758776 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Moreno, JM Bornay-Llinares, FJ Maza, GP Medrano, M Simon, F Eberhard, ML AF Ruiz-Moreno, JM Bornay-Llinares, FJ Maza, GP Medrano, M Simon, F Eberhard, ML TI Subconjunctival infection with Dirofilaria repens - Serological confirmation of cure following surgery SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBCUTANEOUS DIROFILARIASIS; SPAIN AB Cases of zoonotic dirofilariasis infection, caused by Dirofilaria repens, occur widely throughout European, African, Middle Eastern, and Asian countries. The reports of this infection in humans in Spain are limited, and we herein report the case of a 43-year-old man from Elche (Alicante), Spain, who was seen with acute hyperemic reactivity of the temporal limbus of the right eye. A large nematode was visualized on examination and the intact worm was surgically removed. The parasite was identified as a mature but infertile female D repens. The level of serum antibodies against D repens was monitored for 6 months after surgery using immunoenzymatic assays. Serological results confirmed, as expected, the presence of a single worm and the parasitological cure after the surgical removal of the parasite. To our knowledge, this is the fourth autochthonous case of D repens infecting humans in Spain and also the first autochthonous case of subconjunctival localization. C1 Univ Miguel Hernandez, Fac Med, Dept Oftalmol, Div Oftalmol, Alicante 03550, Spain. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Fac Med, Dept Oftalmol, IOA, Alicante 03550, Spain. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Fac Med, Div Microbiol, Alicante 03550, Spain. Univ Salamanca, Fac Farm, Parasitol Lab, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain. Ctr Salud Santa Faz, Alicante, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ruiz-Moreno, JM (reprint author), Univ Miguel Hernandez, Fac Med, Dept Oftalmol, Div Oftalmol, Campus San Juan,Apartado 18, Alicante 03550, Spain. RI Ruiz-Moreno, Jose/E-4644-2016 NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 116 IS 10 BP 1370 EP 1372 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 129XF UT WOS:000076488800019 PM 9790641 ER PT J AU Dale, JC Steindel, SJ Walsh, M AF Dale, JC Steindel, SJ Walsh, M TI Early morning blood collections - A college of American pathologists Q-probes study of 657 institutions SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TURNAROUND TIME; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; COMPONENT AB Objective.-To determine specimen collection and report times, and delivery, analytic, and total turnaround times (TAT) for routine early morning blood collections. Design.-The study was a 2-part College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study. In the first part, participants recorded specimen collection times, receipt in testing laboratory times, and test report times for all routine hemoglobin and potassium samples collected between the hours of 1 AM and 10:30 AM On one intensive care unit and one nonintensive care unit for a 1-week period. In the second part, participants provided information about their specimen collection, delivery, processing, analytic, and reporting practices in a questionnaire. Setting.-An intensive care unit and a nonintensive care unit in 657 institutions. Main Outcome Measures.-Median collection time, delivery time, analytic time, total turnaround time, and report time. Results.-Median institutional collection times ranged from 3 AM to 9:20 AM, with the institution at the 50th percentile reporting a median collection time of 6 AM. Median institutional report times ranged from 3:45 AM to 12:20 PM, with the institution at the 50th percentile reporting a median report time of 7:23 AM. Median delivery, analytic, and total turnaround times for the median institution were 25, 42, and 73 minutes, respectively. Conclusions.-Factors shown to correlate with shorter total turnaround times were rural locations, a lower collections to full-time equivalent ratio, intensive care unit specimens, plasma for potassium measurements, the practice of delivering each specimen as it is collected, pneumatic tube delivery system, direct delivery route, and continuous versus batch testing. C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Performance Assessment Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Coll Amer Pathologists, Northfield, IL USA. RP Dale, JC (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 122 IS 10 BP 865 EP 870 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 128BC UT WOS:000076384500002 PM 9786345 ER PT J AU Stevenson, MR Wallace, LJD Harrison, J Moller, J Smith, RJ AF Stevenson, MR Wallace, LJD Harrison, J Moller, J Smith, RJ TI At risk in two worlds: Injury mortality among Indigenous people in the US and Australia, 1990-92 SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This paper outlines the commonalties and unique differences in injury experience among the Indigenous people in the United States and Australia. Injury mortality rates among Indigenous people in the United States and Australia are approximately 2-3 times greater than rates for the non-Indigenous population in each country. Motor vehicle-related injuries accounted for one-third of the injury deaths for Native Americans and Australian Aboriginals. Suicide accounted for more deaths in Native Americans (15.5 per 100,000) than it did for Australian Aboriginals (11.1 per 100,000), whereas the injury death rate in Australian Aboriginals due to poisoning was almost twice that of Native Americans. Culturally appropriate interventions tailored to specific local settings and problems will be necessary to reduce injury mortality among Indigenous people. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30092 USA. Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. Flinders Univ S Australia, AIHW, Natl Injury Surveillance Unit, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. RP Stevenson, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30092 USA. RI Harrison, James/B-8958-2009 OI Harrison, James/0000-0001-9893-8491 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC AUSTRALIA INC PI CURTIN PA PO BOX 319, CURTIN, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 1326-0200 J9 AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL JI Aust. N. Z. Publ. Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 22 IS 6 BP 641 EP 644 DI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1998.tb01461.x PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 156TV UT WOS:000078018900005 PM 9848955 ER PT J AU Swan, J Wingo, P Clive, R West, D Miller, D Hutchison, C Sondik, EJ Edwards, BK AF Swan, J Wingo, P Clive, R West, D Miller, D Hutchison, C Sondik, EJ Edwards, BK TI Cancer surveillance in the US - Can we have a national system? SO CANCER LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer control; cancer registry; cancer surveillance; registrar AB Cancer-related services are consuming ever-increasing health resources; along with this trend, health care costs are rising. As health care planners, researchers, and policymakers formulate strategies to meet this challenge, they are looking to cancer registries and the health information system built around them as collectors of the most extensive information regarding cancer treatment in the U.S. Currently, there are multiple programs collecting and reporting data regarding cancer incidence, morbidity, mortality, and survival. This report profiles cancer surveillance efforts in the U.S. and describes the National Coordinating Council for Cancer Surveillance, which was organized in 1995 to facilitate a collaborative approach among the organizations involved. Cancer 1998;83:1282-91. (C) 1998 American Cancer Society. C1 NCI, Canc Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Amer Coll Surgeons, Commiss Canc, Chicago, IL USA. No Calif Canc Ctr, Union City, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Program Canc Registries, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Columbus, OH USA. RP Swan, J (reprint author), NCI, Canc Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, EPN 343,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20895 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1282 EP 1291 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981001)83:7<1282::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-L PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 122KF UT WOS:000076070200003 PM 9762927 ER PT J AU Slagle, BL Kaufman, RH Reeves, WC Icenogle, JP AF Slagle, BL Kaufman, RH Reeves, WC Icenogle, JP TI Expression of ras, c-myc, and p53 proteins in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cervical carcinoma; tumor suppressor; p53; c-myc; ras ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; UTERINE CERVIX; KI-RAS; ONCOGENE EXPRESSION; EPITHELIAL LESIONS; GENITAL CARCINOMAS; DNA; INFECTION; GENES AB BACKGROUND. The development of cervical carcinoma is influenced by multiple factors, including the presence of certain high risk types of human papillomavirus. The purpose of the current study was to investigate possible cooperating genetic changes by examining the expression of p53, p62myc, and p21 ras in cervical biopsy specimens. METHODS. Three hundred and ninety-five cervical biopsy specimens representing normal through high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were screened by immunohistochemistry for expression of p53, p62myc, and p21ras. RESULTS. Neither the proportion of tissues staining positive for a given protein nor the staining patterns within the epithelial layers differed significantly among normal or CIN biopsy samples. However, grade specific nuclear staining of p21 ras was found in the cells of 10 lesions that were classified as CIN I by histology. CONCLUSIONS. These results established the normal distribution and expression patterns of p53, p62myc, and p21ras within 395 cervical biopsy samples representing normal through CIN III histology. The expression of these proteins (e.g., staining intensity and layer of epithelium staining positive) is similar in normal tissues and those demonstrating all grades of GIN. Cancer 1998;83:1401-8, (C) 1998 American Cancer Society. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Slagle, BL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-92-0537] NR 43 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1401 EP 1408 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19981001)83:7<1401::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 122KF UT WOS:000076070200018 PM 9762942 ER PT J AU Weston, A Pan, CF Bleiweiss, IJ Ksieski, HB Roy, N Maloney, N Wolff, MS AF Weston, A Pan, CF Bleiweiss, IJ Ksieski, HB Roy, N Maloney, N Wolff, MS TI CYP17 genotype and breast cancer risk SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GENE; P53 AB The MspAI polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of CYP17 has been evaluated as a breast cancer risk factor in a hospital-based case-control study in New York City, The study population consisted of 363 women [123 breast cancer patients and 240 patient controls (123 benign breast disease without atypical hyperplasia, 117 women without breast disease)], There were 224 Caucasians (76 cases, 148 controls), 55 African-Americans (20 cases, 35 controls) and 84 Hispanics (27 cases, 57 controls); 142 premenopausal women and 221 postmenopausal women. Consistent with a previous report (Feigelson et at, Cancer Res., 57: 1063-1065, 1997) we found no evidence to implicate the minor variant (restriction site present allele, designated A2) as a breast cancer risk factor. Furthermore, we sought evidence to implicate the minor variant of CYP17 in the development of more aggressive breast cancers (n = 38/121) as had been reported previously. Although confidence intervals (CI) overlap, the data presented here do not provide support for previously reported findings (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-2.0; n = 38 versus odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; n = 40), Clearly this question needs to be resolved in a larger study. No evidence was found to support the contention that inheritance of the minor variant is a predictor of early age at menarche, Allelic frequencies between different ethnic groups were not found to be different with the exception of Hispanic controls, in which the genotypic distribution was not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, MS 3014,HELD-TMBB,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA 62591] NR 10 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 7 IS 10 BP 941 EP 944 PG 4 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127TK UT WOS:000076366500017 PM 9796640 ER PT J AU Miller, B Rosenbaum, S Stange, PV Solomon, SL Castro, KG AF Miller, B Rosenbaum, S Stange, PV Solomon, SL Castro, KG TI Tuberculosis control in a changing health care system: Model contract specifications for managed care organizations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material AB Increasingly, patients with tuberculosis are receiving clinical care in managed care organizations as a result of enrollment in Medicaid or Medicare, or coverage under privately purchased insurance policies or employee benefit plans, This represents a change from the system that has been in place for decades, where the clinical care and public health functions concerning treatment and control of tuberculosis occurred primarily in local health departments. The separation of individual patient care from the public health aspects of tuberculosis control has created challenges for managed care administrators, medical providers, and public health officials. To assist in the integration of the goals of managed care and public health with respect to the prevention and control of tuberculosis, we developed a set of model contract specifications for use by purchasers of managed care and by managed care organizations concerning the management of patients with tuberculosis and other related public health issues. These specifications can assist health officials in continuing their leadership roles by ensuring that managed care contracts address public health needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Managed Care,Off Director,Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Care Policy Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Miller, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Div TB Eliminat,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Managed Care,Off Director,Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1086/514962 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 129ZF UT WOS:000076493400002 PM 9798014 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Clark, E Lockhart, SR Soll, DR Chia, J Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Clark, E Lockhart, SR Soll, DR Chia, J Jarvis, WR TI Candida albicans endocarditis associated with a contaminated aortic valve allograft: Implications for regulation of allograft processing SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID REPLACEMENT AB A patient developed Candida albicans endocarditis and fungemia after undergoing aortic valve replacement with an allograft. The allograft had been found during tissue bank processing to be contaminated with C. albicans, but it was culture-negative for C, albicans after routine disinfection with an antifungal-containing antimicrobial solution. Comparison of the preimplantation and postimplantation C, albicans isolates revealed remarkable genetic similarity, but antifungal susceptibility testing showed that the postimplantation isolate was more resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B than the preimplantation isolate, suggesting emergence of resistance after disinfection, Implantation of a contaminated heart valve allograft can occur despite disinfection during processing and can result in endocarditis in the recipient. Antimicrobial disinfection protocols that include antifungal drugs may be ineffective. Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations do not require companies to specify details concerning allograft processing. Additional measures may be required to prevent tissue bank release of allografts contaminated with C. albicans or other pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Torrance Mem Med Ctr, Torrance, CA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Sci Biol, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 688 EP 691 DI 10.1086/514944 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 129ZF UT WOS:000076493400004 PM 9798016 ER PT J AU Wells, RM Estani, SS Yadon, ZE Enria, D Padula, P Pini, N Della Valle, MG Mills, JN Peters, CJ AF Wells, RM Estani, SS Yadon, ZE Enria, D Padula, P Pini, N Della Valle, MG Mills, JN Peters, CJ TI Seroprevalence of antibodies to hantavirus in health care workers and other residents of southern Argentina SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas, Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Adm Nacl Labs & Inst Salud, Ctr Nacl Diagnost & Invest Endemoepidemias, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 895 EP 896 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 129ZF UT WOS:000076493400040 PM 9798052 ER PT J AU Hendrix, CM Benefield, LT Wohl, JS Bloom, BC Ostrowski, SR AF Hendrix, CM Benefield, LT Wohl, JS Bloom, BC Ostrowski, SR TI International travel with pets. Part I. Regulations SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article AB The United States is increasingly becoming a nation of international travelers, with approximately 19 million citizens traveling annually to destinations throughout the world. The average and median number of nights spent outside the United States were 18 and 11, respectively. In most instances, the duration of these trips is far shorter than the number of days required for pet quarantine; therefore, family dogs or cats usually remain at a boarding facility in the United States. However, the 1990 census revealed that there were 925,845 United States citizens living abroad. These citizens often own dogs or cats that were either acquired in the United States and transported to a foreign country or purchased/adopted in that foreign country. When these citizens return home, their pets are presented for entry into the United States; these pets are sometimes inadvertently infected with foreign diseases or parasites that have the potential to produce serious consequences within our borders. Part I of this three-part series aims to enlighten veterinarians regarding the complexities of international travel with pets, including the details of leaving the United States and returning to its borders. Parts II and III will discuss foreign pathogens that have been introduced by pets into various countries, including the United States. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Surg & Med, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Vet Care, Valdosta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hendrix, CM (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Surg & Med, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 USA SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1099 EP + PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 132GU UT WOS:000076622600002 ER PT J AU Tsai, TF Halstead, SB AF Tsai, TF Halstead, SB TI Tropical viral infections SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; YELLOW-FEVER; SAUDI-ARABIA; DENGUE VIRUS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC; PERSONNEL; VACCINE AB This section should be of particular interest to the travel medicine physician as it reports many new manifestations of exotic viral infections, both in terms of new clinical expression or extension to new geographical territory. Included are descriptions of improved diagnostic methodologies for arboviral diseases, a discussion of safety issues involving a licensed travel medicine vaccine and a randomized placebo-controlled trial of a drug widely prescribed to reduce vascular permeability in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Curr Coin Infect Dis 11:547-553 (C) 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Tsai, TF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM tft1@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 11 IS 5 BP 547 EP 553 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 136FT UT WOS:000076848400006 PM 17033421 ER PT J AU Henderson, LO Marti, GE Gaigalas, A Hannon, WH Vogt, RF AF Henderson, LO Marti, GE Gaigalas, A Hannon, WH Vogt, RF TI Terminology and nomenclature for standardization in quantitative fluorescence cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantitative Immunofluorescence Measurement CY NOV, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE flow cytometry; fluorescence intensity; molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome; MESF; antibody binding capacity; ABC; cell receptors; quality control; standardization AB Terminology in any field is a complex mix of established conventions, accepted usages, disputed terms, and occasional misnomers. The terminology that has evolved for quantitative fluorescence cytometry (QFCM) is especially multifarious, in part because QFCM encompasses a range from subjective visual assessments to objective photon counts. Thus, while descriptive terms such as "dim" and "bright" are still quite useful, quantitative terms such as "binding capacity" should be used with collective understanding of their exact meanings. This article reviews current usage and proposes definitions that, with refinement from suppliers and users of QFCM technology, can provide the required clarity (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Diabet Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, RF (reprint author), Mailstop F19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfv1@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19981001)33:2<97::AID-CYTO3>3.0.CO;2-H PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 124WL UT WOS:000076205700002 PM 9773869 ER PT J AU Zenger, VE Vogt, R Mandy, F Schwartz, A Marti, GE AF Zenger, VE Vogt, R Mandy, F Schwartz, A Marti, GE TI Quantitative flow cytometry: Inter-laboratory variation SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantitative Immunofluorescence Measurement CY NOV, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE quantitative flow cytometry; molecular equivalent of soluble fluorochrome; antibody-binding capacity; microbead standards; calibration curve ID EXPRESSION; ANTIGENS; LYMPHOCYTES; STANDARDS; CELLS AB Quantitative how cytometry (QFCM) offers a means of standardization within and between flow cytometers, QFCM parameters were set by determining the antibody-binding capacity (ABC) of CD4, CD8, and CD3 cells from 10 normal donors with the use of eight FACScan flow cytometers. QC3 beads and a certified blank bead were used to set up the instruments. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated to molecular equivalents of soluble fluorochrome (MESF) microbead standards was used before and after the donor samples were run to ensure that the machines were operating consistently. Lyophilized cells (Cytotrol) were used as a target, to control for antigen expression in the cell preparation, Quantitative Simply Cellular (QSC) beads were used to establish a standard calibration curve for each of the FITC and phycoerythrin antibody conjugates on each of the instruments. Single-parameter fluorescent histograms derived from list-mode files were used to calculate the slope (coefficient of response), intercept (zero channel), number of channels per decade, and ABC or MESF threshold (blank bead). The fluorescence intensity (geometric mean) of the positive and negative donor cell populations was compared with the standard curves, and the ABCs were calculated. The results show consistent instrument performance between laboratories. However, after standardization of CD3, CD4, and CD8 ABCs to microbeads, large variations were noted between donors and laboratories. The source of this variation does not appear to be in the instrumentation but may be due to the lack of an unified set-up protocol, introducing issues of antibody saturation, methods for whole blood lysis and fixation, and the behavior of the microbead standards. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc.(dagger). C1 NIH, US FDA, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Therapeut Res & Review,Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Carribean Microparticles, Hato Rey, PR USA. RP Marti, GE (reprint author), NIH, US FDA, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Off Therapeut Res & Review,Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bldg 29B,Rm 2NN08,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 138 EP 145 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19981001)33:2<138::AID-CYTO8>3.0.CO;2-F PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 124WL UT WOS:000076205700007 PM 9773874 ER PT J AU Powell, MK Whitfield, W Redelman, D Henderson, LO Vogt, RF AF Powell, MK Whitfield, W Redelman, D Henderson, LO Vogt, RF TI Titration of a CD45-FITC conjugate to determine the linearity and dynamic range of fluorescence intensity measurements on lymphocytes SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantitative Immunofluorescence Measurement CY NOV, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE lymphocytes; cell receptors; quality control; standardization; immunophenotyping; limit of detection; flow cytometry AB To produce biologic calibrators for relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) measurements, we stained leukocytes with serial dilutions of CD45-FITC conjugate and processed them using our regular whole blood lysis procedure. Cells were stained with conjugate concentrations ranging from twice recommended to a million-fold lower At the highest concentrations of conjugate, the RFI reached a plateau near the top of the third decade, indicating saturation of CD45 binding sites. As the concentration decreased, the RFI declined in a highly linear relationship between the dilution factor and the histogram channel number. For channel numbers corresponding to the lowest percentiles of the RFI distribution, Linearity persisted down to the first half decade. The slope of this relationship revealed a true dynamic range of 4.5 decades, which was comparable to the value obtained with microbead standards calibrated in molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF). Our results suggest that the lower Limit of linearity for fluorescence intensity from fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-stained lymphocytes is below 500 MESF and that cellular autofluorescence is the major limiting factor in detecting and quantifying FITC-specific staining. This procedure provides an adroit way of characterizing the Linearity and dynamic range of measurements for quantitative fluorescence cytometry using exactly the same matrix, stains, and preparation methods as those used for cellular analytes, (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 CDC, Natl Diabet Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Sierra Cytometry, Reno, NV USA. RP Vogt, RF (reprint author), CDC, Natl Diabet Reference Lab, Mailstop F19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 2 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19981001)33:2<219::AID-CYTO17>3.0.CO;2-X PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 124WL UT WOS:000076205700016 PM 9773883 ER PT J AU Gill, GV Famuyiwa, OO Rolfe, M Archibald, LK AF Gill, GV Famuyiwa, OO Rolfe, M Archibald, LK TI Serious hand sepsis and diabetes mellitus: Specific tropical syndrome with western counterparts SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; hand infection; African diabetes mellitus; amputation ID INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE AB Infection in the extremities of diabetic patients most commonly involves the feet and, at least in western societies, is often associated with chronic complications of diabetes. Severe hand infection, often culminating in amputation and even death, is, however, well-described in tropical countries, where it may not be associated with any evidence of neuropathy or arterial insufficiency. Similar cases are described in the western literature but are more often associated with more severe antecedent trauma. The literature describing hand sepsis in diabetic patients both in tropical and in western practice is reviewed and we draw some conclusions about pathogenesis and treatment from the literature and from original data documenting the varying experience of hand sepsis in diabetic practice throughout Africa. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Liverpool, Fazakerley Dist Gen Hosp, Clin Dept, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Trop Med Div, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Ogun State Univ, Teaching Hosp, Dept Med, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Armed Forces Hosp, CPO Seeb, Oman. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gill, GV (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Fazakerley Dist Gen Hosp, Clin Dept, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 15 IS 10 BP 858 EP 862 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199810)15:10<858::AID-DIA698>3.3.CO;2-Q PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 126HK UT WOS:000076287700010 PM 9796887 ER PT J AU Mills, JN Childs, JE AF Mills, JN Childs, JE TI Ecologic studies of rodent reservoirs: Their relevance for human health SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ARGENTINE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; JUNIN VIRUS ACTIVITY; HANTAVIRUS; ANTIBODY; RABIES AB Within the past few years, the number of "new" human diseases associated with small-mammal reservoirs has increased dramatically, stimulating renewed interest in reservoir ecology research. A consistent, integrative approach to such research allows direct comparisons between studies, contributes to the efficient use of resources and data, and increases investigator safety. We outline steps directed toward understanding vertebrate host ecology as it relates to human disease and illustrate the relevance of each step by using examples from studies of hosts associated with rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mills, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 48 TC 176 Z9 191 U1 1 U2 17 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 529 EP 537 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500003 PM 9866729 ER PT J AU Vitek, CR Wharton, M AF Vitek, CR Wharton, M TI Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union: Reemergence of a pandemic disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NORTHWESTERN RUSSIA; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; RESURGENCE; PERTUSSIS; SITUATION; VACCINE; ADULTS AB The massive reemergence of diphtheria in the Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union marked the first large-scale diphtheria epidemic in industrialized countries in 3 decades. Factors contributing to the epidemic included a large population of susceptible adults; decreased childhood immunization, which compromised what had been a well-established childhood vaccination program; suboptimal socioeconomic conditions; and high population movement. The role of a change in the predominant circulating strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in this epidemic remains uncertain. Massive, well-coordinated international assistance and unprecedented efforts to vaccinate adults were needed to control the epidemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vitek, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 539 EP 550 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500004 PM 9866730 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Gentsch, JR Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Gentsch, JR Glass, RI TI Rotavirus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RHESUS-ROTAVIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; REASSORTANT VACCINE; DIARRHEAL DISEASES; FIELD TRIAL; WC3 VACCINE; EFFICACY; INFANTS; PROTECTION; RIT-4237 AB Rotavirus, the most common diarrheal pathogen in children worldwide, causes approximately one third of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and 800,000 deaths per year. Because natural infection reduces the incidence and severity of subsequent episodes, rotavirus diarrhea might be controlled through vaccination. Serotype-specific immunity may play a role in protection from disease. Tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) (which contains a rhesus rotavirus with serotype G3 specificity and reassortant rhesus-human rotaviruses with G1, G2, and G4 specificity) provides coverage against the four common serotypes of human rotavirus. In clinical trials in industrialized countries, RRV-TV conferred 49% to 68% protection against any rotavirus diarrhea and 61% to 100% protection against severe disease. This vaccine was licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on August 31, 1998, and should be cost-effective in reducing diarrheal diseases in industrialized countries. The vaccine's efficacy and cost-effectiveness in developing countries should be evaluated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mail Stop G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM uap2@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 217 Z9 236 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 561 EP 570 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500006 PM 9866732 ER PT J AU Beard, CB Durvasula, RV Richards, FF AF Beard, CB Durvasula, RV Richards, FF TI Bacterial symbiosis in arthropods and the control of disease transmission SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; NON-DROSOPHILID INSECTS; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ENGINEERED RESISTANCE; BORNE DISEASE; VECTOR; MALARIA; WOLBACHIA; EXPRESSION AB Bacterial symbionts may be used as vehicles for expressing foreign genes in arthropods. Expression of selected genes can render an arthropod incapable of transmitting a second microorganism that is pathogenic for humans and is an alternative approach to the control of arthropod-borne diseases. We discuss the rationale for this alternative approach, its potential applications and limitations, and the regulatory concerns that may arise from its use in interrupting disease transmission in humans and animals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop F12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cbb0@cdc.gov NR 84 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 581 EP 591 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500008 PM 9866734 ER PT J AU Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC AF Brogdon, WG McAllister, JC TI Insecticide resistance and vector control SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; GUATEMALAN ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXINS; MICROPLATE ASSAY ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; CULEX-PIPIENS DIPTERA; SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; CROSS-RESISTANCE AB Insecticide resistance has been a problem in all insect groups that serve as vectors of emerging diseases. Although mechanisms by which insecticides become less effective are similar across all vector taxa, each resistance problem is potentially unique and may involve a complex pattern of resistance foci. The main defense against resistance is close surveillance of the susceptibility of vector populations. We describe the mechanisms of insecticide resistance, as well as specific instances of resistance emergence worldwide, and discuss prospects for resistance management and priorities for detection and surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, F22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 75 TC 194 Z9 209 U1 2 U2 23 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 605 EP 613 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500010 PM 9866736 ER PT J AU Pieniazek, D Baggs, J Hu, DJ Matar, GM Abdelnoor, AM Mokhbat, JE Uwaydah, M Bizri, AR Ramos, A Janini, LM Tanuri, A Fridlund, C Schable, C Heyndrickx, L Rayfield, MA Heneine, W AF Pieniazek, D Baggs, J Hu, DJ Matar, GM Abdelnoor, AM Mokhbat, JE Uwaydah, M Bizri, AR Ramos, A Janini, LM Tanuri, A Fridlund, C Schable, C Heyndrickx, L Rayfield, MA Heneine, W TI Introduction of HIV-2 and multiple HIV-1 subtypes to Lebanon SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; GENETIC DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; INFECTIONS AB HIV genetic variability, phylogenetic relationships, and transmission dynamics were analyzed in 26 HIV-infected patients from Lebanon. Twenty-five specimens were identified as HIV-1 and one as HIV-2 subtype B. The 25 strains were classified into six env-C2-V3 HIV-1 subtypes: B (n = 10), A (n = 11), C (n = 1), D (n = 1), G (n = 1), and unclassifiable. Potential recombinants combining parts of viral regions from different subtypes A(env)/D-pol/A(gag), G(env)/A(pol), and the unclassifiable-subtype(env)/unclassifiable-subtype(pol)/A(gag) were found in three patients. Epidemiologic analysis of travel histories and behavioral risks indicated that HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes reflected HIV strains prevalent in countries visited by patients or their sex partners. Spread of complex HIV-subtype distribution patterns to regions where HIV is not endemic may be more common than previously thought. Blood screening for both HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Lebanon is recommended to protect the blood supply. HIV subtype data provide information for vaccine development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Pieniazek, D (reprint author), CDC, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 649 EP 656 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500018 PM 9866744 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Xiao, LH Yang, CF Escalante, L Moore, A Beard, CB Arrowood, MJ Lal, AA AF Sulaiman, IM Xiao, LH Yang, CF Escalante, L Moore, A Beard, CB Arrowood, MJ Lal, AA TI Differentiating human from animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; BOVINE; GENE; INFECTION; SEQUENCE AB We analyzed 92 Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from humans and animals by a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method based on the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein 2 gene sequence. Used as a molecular marker, this method can differentiate between the two genotypes of C. parvum and elucidate the transmission of infection to humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aal1@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 18 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 681 EP 685 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500024 PM 9866750 ER PT J AU Toro, J Vega, JD Khan, AS Mills, JN Padula, P Terry, W Yadon, Z Valderrama, R Ellis, BA Pavletic, C Cerda, R Zaki, S Wun-Ju, S Meyer, R Tapia, M Mansilla, C Baro, M Vergara, JA Concha, M Calderon, G Enria, D Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Toro, J Vega, JD Khan, AS Mills, JN Padula, P Terry, W Yadon, Z Valderrama, R Ellis, BA Pavletic, C Cerda, R Zaki, S Wun-Ju, S Meyer, R Tapia, M Mansilla, C Baro, M Vergara, JA Concha, M Calderon, G Enria, D Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Chile, 1997 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; ARGENTINA; VIRUS; DISEASE AB An outbreak of 25 cases of Andes virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) was recognized in southern Chile from July 1997 through January 1998. In addition to the HPS patients, three persons with mild hantaviral disease and one person with asymptomatic acute infection were identified. Epidemiologic studies suggested person-to-person transmission in two of three family clusters. Ecologic studies showed very high densities of several species of sigmodontine rodents in the area. C1 Minist Salud, Santiago, Chile. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS Carlos G, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Aysen Reg 11 Hlth Serv, Coyhaique, Chile. Hosp Reg Coyhaique, Aysen, Chile. Llanchipal Hlth Serv, Puerto Montt, Chile. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Argentina. Catholic Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop A26,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ask0@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 124 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 687 EP 694 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 148BN UT WOS:000077532500025 PM 9866751 ER PT J AU Orloff, KG Batts-Osborne, D Kilgus, T Metcalf, S Cooper, M AF Orloff, KG Batts-Osborne, D Kilgus, T Metcalf, S Cooper, M TI Antibodies to toluene diisocyanate in an environmentally exposed population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ambient air; antibodies; environmental exposure; toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ID ASTHMA AB Residents living near a polyurethane foam manufacturing facility expressed concern to health officials over chemical emissions from the plant. Environmental monitoring of ambient air near the plant indicated the presence of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which was used in foam production. Heath officials collected blood samples from 113 residents and analyzed the blood sera for antibodies to TDI and related diisocyanates. Ten of the 113 residents (9%) had elevated levels of IgG or IgE antibodies specific for one or more diisocyanates. Exposure histories were taken from antibody-positive individuals to identify possible occupational exposure to TDI or the use of diisocyanate-containing consumer products. Exposure to TDI in ambient air may be responsible for the positive antibody responses detected in some residents of the community. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Randolph Cty Hlth Dept, Asheboro, NC 27203 USA. RP Orloff, KG (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 106 IS 10 BP 665 EP 666 DI 10.1289/ehp.98106665 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 134AX UT WOS:000076721200022 PM 9755143 ER PT J AU Bean, NH Maloney, EK Potter, ME Korazemo, P Ray, B Taylor, JP Seigler, S Snowden, J AF Bean, NH Maloney, EK Potter, ME Korazemo, P Ray, B Taylor, JP Seigler, S Snowden, J TI Crayfish: A newly recognized vehicle for vibrio infections SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CONSUMPTION; SHELLFISH AB We conducted a I-year case-control study of sporadic vibrio infections to identify risk factors related to consumption of seafood products in two coastal areas of Louisiana and Texas. Twenty-six persons with sporadic vibrio infections and 77 matched controls were enrolled. Multivariate analysis revealed that crayfish (P < 0.025) and raw oysters (P < 0.009) were independently associated with illness. Species-specific analysis revealed an association between consumption of cooked crayfish and Vibrio parahemolyticus infection (OR 9.24, P < 0.05). No crayfish consumption was reported by persons with V. vulnificus infection. Although crayfish had been suspected as a vehicle for foodborne disease, this is the first time to our knowledge that consumption of cooked crayfish has been demonstrated to be associated with vibrio infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Epidemiol Sect, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Bean, NH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 121 IS 2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1017/S0950268898001381 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 139FV UT WOS:000077018100004 PM 9825776 ER PT J AU Roels, TH Wickus, B Bostrom, HH Kazmierczak, JJ Nicholson, MA Kurzynski, TA Davis, JP AF Roels, TH Wickus, B Bostrom, HH Kazmierczak, JJ Nicholson, MA Kurzynski, TA Davis, JP TI A foodborne outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni (O : 33) infection associated with tuna salad: a rare strain in an unusual vehicle SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID FETUS SUBSP-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; RAW-MILK; ENTERITIS; COLI; TRANSMISSION; GASTROENTERITIS; SALMONELLA; SEROTYPES; ANTIGENS AB We report a foodborne outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infection in a summer camp. Outbreak-related cases occurred in 79 persons including 3 secondary cases in campers. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from stool specimens from 16 of 21 patients who submitted a sample; 13 viable isolates were serotyped and all were serotype O:33 (somatic O scheme) or HL:18 (heat-labile scheme), and biotype III (Lior scheme). This serotype is widely distributed geographically but rarely isolated from humans, Samples of water from the wells supplying the camp were negative for faecal coliforms, and raw milk had not been served in the camp. A matched (1:1)case-control study identified tuna salad served for lunch on 19 July as the likely food item associated with illness (matched odds ratio = 22; 95 % confidence intervals (CI) = 3.6-908). Swimming in the camp pool and other recreational water use in area lakes by the campers were not statistically associated with illness. The precise mechanism of introduction of the organism into the tuna salad remains unknown; contamination most likely occurred through cross-contamination with another food product, the hands of a food handler, or a work surface. Several deficiencies in the operation of the camp kitchen were identified. In Wisconsin, kitchens of such camps are subject to different inspection rules than restaurants. Camp staff, administrators, counselors, food managers, and infirmary staff, should fulfil important roles in their respective areas to prevent future outbreaks. C1 Wisconsin Div Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, Communicable Dis Sect, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sauk Cty Hlth Dept, Baraboo, WI USA. RP Kazmierczak, JJ (reprint author), Wisconsin Div Hlth, Bur Publ Hlth, Communicable Dis Sect, 1414 E Washington Ave,Rm 167, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 121 IS 2 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1017/S0950268898001174 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 139FV UT WOS:000077018100006 PM 9825778 ER PT J AU Davis, LJ Roberts, HL Juranek, DD Framm, SR Soave, R AF Davis, LJ Roberts, HL Juranek, DD Framm, SR Soave, R TI A survey of risk factors for cryptosporidiosis in New York City: drinking water and other exposures SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE OUTBREAK; INFECTION; PREVENTION; MILWAUKEE; WISCONSIN; PARVUM AB We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of known and theoretical exposure risks for cryptosporidiosis among selected New York City residents. Subjects were recruited from outpatients attending either a practice for persons with HIV infection (n = 160), or other medical practices (n = 153), at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. Despite a greater concern for waterborne infection, 82 % of HIV-infected subjects reported consuming municipal tap water compared to 69 % of subjects from other medical clinics (OR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.2-3.6, P = 0.006). Although 18% and 31% of subjects, respectively, denied any tap water consumption at home or work, all but one from each cohort responded positively to having at least one possible alternate source of tap water ingestion such as using tap water to brush teeth or drinking tap water offered in a restaurant. 78 % and 76% of subjects, respectively, had at least one potential risk for exposure other than municipal water consumption, such as swimming in pools or contact with animals. Our findings indicate that it is possible to stratify the population into subsets by the amount of tap water consumed. This suggests that an observational epidemiologic study of the risk of contracting cryptosporidiosis from everyday tap water consumption is feasible. C1 Cornell Univ, Med Ctr, New York Hosp, Dept Med,Div Int Med & Infect Dis, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Soave, R (reprint author), 1300 York Ave,Box 125, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00047] NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 121 IS 2 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1017/S095026889800123X PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 139FV UT WOS:000077018100014 PM 9825786 ER PT J AU LaClaire, L Bronsdon, M Factor, S Suleymanova, F Chorba, T Schwartz, B Facklam, R AF LaClaire, L Bronsdon, M Factor, S Suleymanova, F Chorba, T Schwartz, B Facklam, R TI Isolation of Haemophilus influenzae in central Asia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial & Mycot Dis & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Reg Childrens Hosp Infect Dis, Bacteriol Lab, Taraz 48400, Jambul, Kazakhstan. RP LaClaire, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial & Mycot Dis & Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 17 IS 10 BP 746 EP 747 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 144EW UT WOS:000077301900019 PM 9865997 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Dodds, JM Baligh, M AF Ahluwalia, IB Dodds, JM Baligh, M TI Social support and coping behaviors of low-income families experiencing food insufficiency in North Carolina SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY; MORTALITY; HEALTH AB The Food Research and Action Center estimates that approximately 12% of all families with children younger than 12 years old experience food insufficiency in the United States. The authors conducted 16 focus groups with 141 participants, who were either at risk or experienced food insufficiency, to learn about coping strategies. Individual and network-level coping mechanisms were used to manage insufficient food supply. Social networks included family, friends, and neighbors. The assistance provided included food aid, information, and emotional support. Not all networks were relied on or accessed by everyone. Most participants reported that they relied on family members first, followed by friends, and then neighbors. Parents found reliance on anyone as stressful and often threatening. In conclusion, as the social welfare system becomes constrained, more and more households may experience food insufficiency. Responsive policies are therefore needed to assist low-income families. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iaa2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 25 IS 5 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1177/109019819802500507 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119VK UT WOS:000075918700006 PM 9768380 ER PT J AU Fried, MW Khudyakov, YE Cong, M Nichols, B Smallwood, GA Heffron, TG Stieber, A Gordon, RD Fields, HA AF Fried, MW Khudyakov, YE Cong, M Nichols, B Smallwood, GA Heffron, TG Stieber, A Gordon, RD Fields, HA TI Presence of a new DNA virus, (TTV) in sera from patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C and non-viral liver disease. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 400 BP 262A EP 262A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258100400 ER PT J AU Mizokami, M Orito, E Shini, T Nishioka, K Myers, SG Robertson, B Gojobori, T AF Mizokami, M Orito, E Shini, T Nishioka, K Myers, SG Robertson, B Gojobori, T TI HCV database in World Wide Web SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Nagoya City Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Natl Inst Genet, Mishima, Shizuoka 411, Japan. Viral Res Fdn, Tokyo, Japan. CDC, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 571 BP 305A EP 305A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258100570 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Bulkow, L Harpster, A Snowball, M Lanier, A Sacco, F Williams, J AF McMahon, BJ Bulkow, L Harpster, A Snowball, M Lanier, A Sacco, F Williams, J TI Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HBsAg-positive carriers: A 15 year prospective population-based study in Alaska. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 902 BP 388A EP 388A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258100902 ER PT J AU Gretch, DR Sullivan, DG Lam, N Gerrotto, M Cotler, S McArdle, S Chung, M Polyak, SJ Layden, T Alberti, A McMahon, B Carithers, RL AF Gretch, DR Sullivan, DG Lam, N Gerrotto, M Cotler, S McArdle, S Chung, M Polyak, SJ Layden, T Alberti, A McMahon, B Carithers, RL TI Influence of therapeutic regimens on rates of HCV quasispecies diversification. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Padua, Venice, Italy. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. RI Polyak, Stephen/B-5743-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 939 BP 397A EP 397A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258100937 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K Fattom, A Spelbring, J Naso, R Sapan, C Purdy, M Basham, L Lambert, S Carson, D AF Krawczynski, K Fattom, A Spelbring, J Naso, R Sapan, C Purdy, M Basham, L Lambert, S Carson, D TI Early termination of HCV infection by passive anti-HCV transfer in experimentally infected chimpanzees SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nabi Tm Inc, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 944 BP 398A EP 398A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258100943 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, R Krawczynski, K McCaustland, KA Kamili, S Spelbring, J Carson, D AF Aggarwal, R Krawczynski, K McCaustland, KA Kamili, S Spelbring, J Carson, D TI Subclinical hepatitis E virus infection: experimental studies on a possible role in disease transmission. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 976 BP 406A EP 406A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258100975 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Christiansen, C Gretch, D Harson, R Williams, J Bulkow, L Parkinson, A AF McMahon, BJ Christiansen, C Gretch, D Harson, R Williams, J Bulkow, L Parkinson, A TI The natural history or HCV in Alaska natives: Relationship of risk factor to clearance of HCV RNA. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 1227 BP 469A EP 469A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258101225 ER PT J AU Williams, IT Sabin, K Fleenor, M Judson, F Mottram, K Poujade, J Ryder, P Wise, F Alter, MJ AF Williams, IT Sabin, K Fleenor, M Judson, F Mottram, K Poujade, J Ryder, P Wise, F Alter, MJ TI Current patterns of hepatitis C virus transmission in the United States. The role of drugs and sex. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Jefferson Co, Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Denver Co Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Tacoma Pierce Co, Dept Hlth, Tacoma, WA USA. Multnomah Co, Dept Hlth, Portland, OR USA. Contra Costa Co Publ Hlth Div, Contra Costa, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 1340 BP 497A EP 497A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258101339 ER PT J AU Bower, WA Fagan, EA Shapiro, CN Coleman, PJ Mast, EE Fried, MW Margolis, HS AF Bower, WA Fagan, EA Shapiro, CN Coleman, PJ Mast, EE Fried, MW Margolis, HS TI Pilot study of the epidemiology of acute liver failure in the US. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Sect Hepatol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 2356 BP 751A EP 751A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258102354 ER PT J AU Jablecki, J Kristensen, S Fleenor, M Wafer, L Williams, I Sabin, K AF Jablecki, J Kristensen, S Fleenor, M Wafer, L Williams, I Sabin, K TI Assessment of a county public health department's private sector performance in identifying hepatitis B surface antigen positive women and initial treatment of their newborn infants. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 SU S MA 2427 BP 769A EP 769A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 125VQ UT WOS:000076258102424 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR TI Line-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive-care-unit patients associated with a needleless device and intermittent intravenous therapy SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; RISK AB OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors for an increase in line-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in three pediatric intensive-care units at one hospital that recently had changed brands of needleless access device. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control studies; review of the units' infection control policies and procedures for accessing and replacing components of needleless access devices. SETTING: A community tertiary-care hospital's three pediatric intensive-care units. PATIENTS: Children in one of the three intensive-care units with a central venous catheter in place during January 1, 1995, through May 15, 1996, who developed laboratory-confirmed primary BSI. Children who had central venous catheters in place for >48 hours and who did not develop BSI were chosen randomly as controls. RESULTS: Eight patients met the case definition; they had 11 episodes of BSI. Multivariate analysis identified duration of catheterization and exposure to the IVAC first-generation needleless device as independent risk factors for BSI. Compared with patients from another pediatric intensive-care unit in which the IVAC device also was used but in which an increased BSI rate did not occur, patients from the unit with an increased BSI rate were more likely to receive intermittent (vs continuous) intravenous therapy through one or more lumens. In both units, the IVAC device valve component was replaced every 6 days, and the endcap used to cover the valve (when connected to an unused lumen) was replaced every 24 hours or after each access. The BSI rate returned to baseline after institution of a policy to replace the entire IVAC device, valve, and endcap every 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: An increased risk of BSI was associated with use of the IVAC first-generation needleless device when replaced every 6 days. This increased risk may have been more pronounced in one pediatric intensive-care unit, because patients were more likely to receive intermittent intravenous therapy. Intermittent intravenous therapy or central venous catheter flushing practices may be important determinants of BSI risk ((Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:772-777). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 19 IS 10 BP 772 EP 777 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 130EX UT WOS:000076507900012 PM 9801286 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Balkau, B Simon, D Warnet, JM Claude, JR Ducimetiere, P Eschwege, E AF Fagot-Campagna, A Balkau, B Simon, D Warnet, JM Claude, JR Ducimetiere, P Eschwege, E TI High free fatty acid concentration: an independent risk factor for hypertension in the Paris Prospective Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE free fatty acids; obesity; essential hypertension; insulin; lipids; men ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SYNDROME SYNDROME-X; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; OBESITY HYPERTENSION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PLASMA; HYPERINSULINEMIA AB Background. An inconsistent relationship has been reported between insulin and hypertension incidence. Free fatty acids are related to insulin-resistance and may have a direct effect on hypertension. We examined the effect of free fatty acids on hypertension incidence, taking into account other abnormalities of the insulin-resistance syndrome. Methods In all, 2968 non-hypertensive and non-diabetic Caucasian men were followed for 3 years. Hypertension incidence was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure(DBP) greater than or equal to 95 mmHg or drug treatment for hypertension. Results Free fatty acid elevation was a highly significant risk factor for hypertension when controlled for age, family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption, body mass index, iliac circumference and weight change. Further controlling for SEP, heart rate and fasting insulin and glucose did not decrease its predictive power (hazard rate ratio [RR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.30-1.91 comparing the 90th to the lath percentiles at fasting; RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.33-1.79 at 2 h). In a forward stepwise model controlled for age, family history of hypertension, alcohol consumption and SEP, the selected variables explaining the occurrence of hypertension were, in order, weight change, 2-h free fatty acids, iliac circumference and fasting free fatty acids, whereas body mass index, heart rate, insulin, glucose and other lipids did not enter into the model. Conclusions Free fatty acids elevation, when controlled for all known risk factors and other abnormalities of the insulin-resistance syndrome, is a risk factor for hypertension. These results highlight the possible benefits of treatment using free fatty acid oxidation inhibitors. C1 Fac Med Paris Sud, INSERM, U21, F-94807 Villejuif, France. Hop Henri Mondor, F-94000 Creteil, France. Univ Paris 05, Fac Sci Pharmaceut & Biol, F-75006 Paris, France. Hop Broussais, INSERM, U258, F-75674 Paris, France. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 62 TC 71 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 5 BP 808 EP 813 DI 10.1093/ije/27.5.808 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 139UU UT WOS:000077048700011 PM 9839737 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Bennett, JV Boring, JR Hlady, WG AF Parashar, UD Bennett, JV Boring, JR Hlady, WG TI Topical antimicrobials applied to the umbilical cord stump: a new intervention against neonatal tetanus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neonatal; tetanus; topical; antimicrobials; prevention; case-control ID IODINE-CONTAINING ANTISEPTICS; RISK-FACTORS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INFANTS; CARE AB Background Previous else-control studies of neonatal tetanus (NNT), a leading cause of infant mortality in developing countries, have suggested that antimicrobials applied after delivery to the umbilical cord stump may protect against this disease. However, assessment of their protective effect has been limited by the low prevalence of antimicrobial use in developing countries. Methods We conducted a population-based, matched, case-control study to assess the use of antimicrobials and other factors potentially related to NNT in rural parts of Bangladesh. We studied 359 cases (infants who were normal at birth but who died between the 3rd and 30th day of life after an illness characterized by signs of NNT), each matched to three living controls for gender, residence, and date of birth. Results In univariate analyses, the application of either antibiotics or disinfectants at delivery, and the continuous or any application of disinfectants were protective against NNT. The application of antibiotics at delivery (odds ratio [OR] = 0.21, P = 0.019), hand washing by the delivery attendant (OR = 0.64, P = 0.005), and prior maternal immunization with tetanus toroid (OR = 0.50, P = 0.001) remained protective in conditional logistic-regression analyses. Application of animal dung to the umbilical stump (OR = 2.31, P = 0.047) was hazardous. Conclusions Effective and inexpensive topical antimicrobials provide a new prevention opportunity that could be used by traditional birth attendants and mothers to provide additional benefits to NNT control programmes based on maternal immunization with tetanus toroid. Promotion of hygienic delivery and cord-care practices and increasing tetanus toroid coverage remain cornerstones for the prevention of NNT deaths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poliomyelitis Eradicat Act, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 5 BP 904 EP 908 DI 10.1093/ije/27.5.904 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 139UU UT WOS:000077048700025 PM 9839751 ER PT J AU Vieira, VV Teixeira, LM Zahner, V Momen, H Facklam, RR Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Castro, ACD AF Vieira, VV Teixeira, LM Zahner, V Momen, H Facklam, RR Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Castro, ACD TI Genetic relationships among the different phenotypes of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus dysgalactiae; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; DNA-DNA hybridization; genetic relationships ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SEROLOGICAL GROUP-L; LANCEFIELD GROUP-C; PYOGENIC STREPTOCOCCI; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; PHARYNGITIS AB The species Streptococcus dysgalactiae was proposed to accommodate a heterogeneous group of streptococci associated with infections in animals and human beings. This taxon is now considered to include animal isolates of alpha-haemolytic group C streptococci, previously called S. dysgalactiae; animal and human isolates of beta-haemolytic group C streptococci, previously called 'S. equisimilis'; beta-haemolytic group L strains associated with infections in animals and, rarely, in humans; and beta-haemolytic group C strains isolated from humans. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments (hydroxyapatite method) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) were performed on reference strains and clinical isolates to determine the genetic relationships among these different phenotypic categories. DNA-DNA hybridization tests showed that they were related at the species level, despite the phenotypic and host heterogeneity. Both genotypic and phenotypic characterization indicated that S. dysgalactiae could be separated into two major sub-groups. The first subgroup contained alpha-haemolytic strains that showed levels of DNA relatedness with the type strain of S. dysgalactiae ranging from 84 to 90% and from 82 to 88% under optimal (55 degrees C) and stringent (70 degrees C) conditions, respectively. The second sub-group contained beta-haemolytic strains showing levels of relatedness ranging from 71 to 79% (55 degrees C) and from 62 to 73 % (70 degrees C). Percentage divergence varied from 0.5 to 1.0% (alpha-haemolytic group) and from 2.0 to 3.5 % (beta-haemolytic group). A dendrogram based on phenotypic similarity between the enzyme bands produced by MEE showed a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0.45 between the subclusters formed by the two sub-groups. The results of phenotypic and genotypic characterization were consistent with a published proposal to divide S. dysgalactiae into two subspecies, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, with a few modifications. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castro, ACD (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM immmadc@microbio.ufrj.br RI Momen, Hooman/A-1850-2008; ZAHNER, VIVIANE/C-2596-2013 OI Momen, Hooman/0000-0002-2324-1515; NR 42 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 48 BP 1231 EP 1243 PN 4 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 138LU UT WOS:000076974000016 PM 9828425 ER PT J AU Foulds, J O'Brien, R AF Foulds, J O'Brien, R TI New tools for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: the perspective of developing countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Review DE diagnosis; tuberculosis; cost; developing country ID ACID-FAST BACILLI; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCLE-BACILLI; MICROSCOPY; MYCOBACTERIOLOGY; HIV AB New diagnostics for tuberculosis are urgently needed to replace or facilitate acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy for the identification of smear-positive cases, and to improve the diagnosis of AFB smear-negative cases. These need to be appropriate for use in low income countries. Tests to replace or facilitate AFB microscopy must offer improvements to this test, including increased sensitivity, speed, ease of use, and safety. Products to improve the identification of smear-negative cases should focus on the diagnosis of patients with paucibacillary pulmonary disease, including children and human immunodeficiency virus (HN) infected persons, and those with extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis. C1 WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Foulds, J (reprint author), WHO, Global TB Programme, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 32 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 2 IS 10 BP 778 EP 783 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 124AV UT WOS:000076158900002 PM 9783521 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Kaslow, NJ Price, AW Williams, K Kingree, JB AF Thompson, MP Kaslow, NJ Price, AW Williams, K Kingree, JB TI Role of secondary stressors in the parental death child distress relation SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE childhood bereavement; secondary stressors; internalizing distress; externalizing distress AB This study examined the psychological consequences and secondary stressors associated with death of a parent. The sample (N = 116) consisted of 26 youths who had lost a parent to homicide, 45 youths who had lost a parent to natural death, and 45 nonbereaved youths. Youngsters completed face-to-face interviews, while their guardians completed measures assessing the children's functioning. Results based on both child and guardian reports indicated that parental death was associated with an increase in secondary stressors, regardless of the mode of death. Findings based on guardian reports also revealed that parental death was related to increased internalizing distress, and that parental death due to homicide was related to increased externalizing distress. Furthermore, secondary stressors mediated the parental death-child distress relation such that parental death led to an increase in stressors, which in turn led to increased child distress. Implications for secondary and tertiary preventive interventions are discussed. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH11257-01] NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0627 J9 J ABNORM CHILD PSYCH JI J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 26 IS 5 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1023/A:1021951806281 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 134TM UT WOS:000076759500004 PM 9826294 ER PT J AU Davis, SF Rosen, DH Steinberg, S Wortley, PM Karon, JM Gwinn, M AF Davis, SF Rosen, DH Steinberg, S Wortley, PM Karon, JM Gwinn, M TI Trends in HIV prevalence among childbearing women in the United States, 1989-1994 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; women; epidemiology; serosurvey; prevalence; incidence; trends ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; AIDS AB We used data from a national serosurvey to describe national and regional trends in the prevalence of HIV among women giving birth in the United States from 1989 through 1994, and to estimate the number of women between 15 and 44 years old with HIV infection who had not yet developed opportunistic infections defining AIDS. We compared these estimates with AIDS prevalence and mortality estimates from the national AIDS case surveillance system. HIV seroprevalance among childbearing women remained stable nationwide from 1989 through 1994, ranging from 1.5 to 1.7/1000 women. In the Northeast, seroprevalence declined significantly after 1989. Seroprevalence increased significantly in the South through 1991 and then stabilized, although seroprevalence among black women continued to increase through 1994 in some southern states. Although AIDS prevalence and mortality increased nationwide each year from 1989 through 1994, the number of women infected with HIV who had not yet developed AIDS changed little and was approximately 86,000 in 1994. Our data suggest that new HIV infections among women of reproductive age are occurring at a rate that offsets losses from this population due to aging, disease progression, and death. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 2 BP 158 EP 164 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 126EJ UT WOS:000076279700009 PM 9768625 ER PT J AU Katz, MH McFarland, W Guillin, V Fenstersheib, M Shaw, M Kellogg, T Lemp, GF MacKellar, D Valleroy, LA AF Katz, MH McFarland, W Guillin, V Fenstersheib, M Shaw, M Kellogg, T Lemp, GF MacKellar, D Valleroy, LA TI Continuing high prevalence of HIV and risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men: The young men's survey in the san francisco bay area in 1992 to 1993 and in 1994 to 1995 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; gay men; seroprevalence; young men ID BISEXUAL MEN; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTION; GAY AB Several recent studies have shown high rates of HIV infection and risk behavior among young men who have sex with men (MSM). To assess the direction of the epidemic in this population, we replicated a venue-based study performed in the San Francisco Bay Area during 1992 and 1993. From May 1993 to September 1995, we surveyed 675 MSM aged between 17 and 22. After statistical adjustment for age, ethnicity, residence, and site of recruitment, seroprevalence did not change significantly between the 1992 to 1993 (8.4%) and the 1993 to 1995 (6.7%) surveys. Similarly, no significant changes were found in the rates during the previous 6 months of unprotected receptive anal intercourse (23.4% versus 24.9%), injection drug use (8.0% versus 7.8%), or needle sharing among injection drug users (56.3% versus 64.5%) between the two surveys. Despite the increased attention that the problem of high risk behavior among young MSM has received, effective prevention interventions for MSM are needed as profoundly now as they had been several years ago. C1 Dept Publ Hlth San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. Dept Publ Hlth Santa Clara, San Jose, CA USA. Dept Publ Hlth Alameda, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif, Universitywide AIDS Res Program, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Katz, MH (reprint author), 101 Grove St,Room 308, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM mitch_katz@dph.sf.ca.us NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 2 BP 178 EP 181 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 126EJ UT WOS:000076279700012 PM 9768628 ER PT J AU Moorman, AC Von Bargen, JC Palella, FJ Holmberg, SD AF Moorman, AC Von Bargen, JC Palella, FJ Holmberg, SD CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia incidence and chemoprophylaxis failure in ambulatory HIV-infected patients SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; opportunistic infection; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; breakthrough; prophylaxis ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TRIMETHOPRIM SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PROPHYLAXIS; VIRUS; AZT AB Background: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) remains the most frequently reported serious opportunistic infection in AIDS patients and the second highest cause of mortality among persons with AIDS in the United States, despite the availability of effective chemoprophylaxis. Methods: To evaluate incidence of PCP and determinants of PCP chemoprophylaxis failure, we analyzed data from 2842 patients visits to infectious diseases physicians at 10 HIV clinics (eight private and two public) in eight U.S, cities from January 1992 through June 1996 as part of the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS). We performed a time-dependent regression analysis to examine potential determinants of PCP chemoprophylaxis failure. Results: The incidence of chemoprophylaxis failure was 4.6 PCP cases/100 person-years on chemoprophylaxis; these cases represent 67% of all incident episodes of PCP. In a multivariate analysis, the only significant predictors of chemoprophylaxis failure were the use of agents other than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), history of prior PCP, and a CD4(+) T-lymphocyte cell count of <50 cells/mu l. Dosing or frequency of TMP-SMX did not seem to influence risk of chemoprophylaxis failure. Discussion: Chemoprophylaxis failure, especially among those with the most advanced immunosuppression or history of prior PCP, was the most significant source of new PCP cases in the HOPS cohort and thus represents one of the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality in this cohort. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Moorman, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [UC64/CCU509689-03] NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 2 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 126EJ UT WOS:000076279700013 PM 9768629 ER PT J AU Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT Cibulas, W AF Hicks, HE De Rosa, CT Cibulas, W TI US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; human health; persistent toxic substances; wildlife ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; FISH CONSUMPTION; EXPOSURE; POPULATION; CHILDREN; CONTAMINANTS; MICHIGAN; ANGLERS AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) is designed to investigate and characterize the association between the consumption of contaminated Great Lakes fish and short- and long-term? harmful health effects. Several human populations have been identified who have a potentially higher risk of short- and long-tel-m health effects because of their elevated exposure to and or physiologic sensitivity to contaminants in Great Lakes fish. These susceptible populations include sport anglers, Native Americans, pregnant women, fetuses and nursing infants of mothers who consume contaminated Great Lakes fish, infants and children, the elderly and the urban poor: The ATSDR Great Lakes Research Program has focussed its research efforts on these populations ir? the GI ent Lakes basin. Research findings indicate that susceptible populations continue to be exposed to persistent toxic substances (PTSs):fish consumption appears to be the major pathway of exposure; a significant trend of increasing body burden? of PTSs is associated with increased fish consumption; body burden levels of PTSs are 2-4 times greater than the general population; men and women consume Great Lakes fish during most of their reproductive years; exposure to Great Lakes PTSs may cause disturbances in reproductive parameters and demonstrate neurobehavioral and developmental deficits in newborns. These research findings indicate the need for gl enter health education, and preventive measures to interdict exposures es, and mitigate toxicity not only in the GI eat Lakes and St. Lawrence basin but in other ecosystems with similar pollution problems. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hicks, HE (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Mailstop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 375 EP 396 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZX732 UT WOS:000074549100002 ER PT J AU Hollowell, JG Staehling, NW Hannon, WH Flanders, DW Gunter, EW Maberly, GF Braverman, LE Pino, S Miller, DT Garbe, PL DeLozier, DM Jackson, RJ AF Hollowell, JG Staehling, NW Hannon, WH Flanders, DW Gunter, EW Maberly, GF Braverman, LE Pino, S Miller, DT Garbe, PL DeLozier, DM Jackson, RJ TI Iodine nutrition in the United States. Trends and public health implications: Iodine excretion data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys I and III (1971-1974 and 1988-1994) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENCY DISORDERS; URINARY IODINE; TOTAL DIET; GOITER; PREVALENCE; ELEMENTS AB Iodine deficiency in a population causes increased prevalence of goiter and, more importantly, may increase the risk for intellectual deficiency in that population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [NHANES I (1971-1974) and (NHANES III (1988-1994)] measured urinary iodine (UI) concentrations. UI concentrations are an indicator of the adequacy of iodine intake for a population. The median UI concentrations in iodine-sufficient populations should be greater than 10 mu g/dL, and no more than 20% of the population should have UI concentrations less than 5 mu g/dL. Median UI concentrations from both NHANES I and NHANES III indicate adequate iodine intake for the overall U.S, population, but the median concentration decreased more than 50% between 1971-1974 (32.0 +/- 0.6 mu g/dL) and 1988-1994 (14.5 +/- 0.3 mu g/dL). Low UI concentrations (<5 mu g/dL) were found in 11.7% of the 1988-1994 population, a 4.5-fold increase over the proportion in the 1971-1974 population. The percentage! of people excreting low concentrations of iodine (UI, <5 mu g/dL) increased in all age groups. In pregnant women, 6.7%, and in women of child-bearing age, 14.9% had UI concentrations below 5 mu g/dL. The findings in 1988-1994, although not indicative of iodine deficiency in the overall U.S. population, define a trend that must be monitored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hollowell, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jgh1@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 258 Z9 274 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 83 IS 10 BP 3401 EP 3408 DI 10.1210/jc.83.10.3401 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 126CN UT WOS:000076275500004 PM 9768638 ER PT J AU Taylor, JP Barnett, BJ Del Rosario, L Williams, K Barth, SS AF Taylor, JP Barnett, BJ Del Rosario, L Williams, K Barth, SS TI Prospective investigation of cryptic outbreaks of Salmonella agona salmonellosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; INTERNATIONAL OUTBREAK; FOOD; INFECTION; ENGLAND; WALES; MILK AB The number of Salmonella agona isolates reported annually in Texas from 1992 through 1994 ranged from 14 to 21. An increase in incidence of S. agona infections was noted in the fall of 1995, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis identified prospectively two possible cryptic outbreaks caused by an indistinguishable strain which was isolated from 18 of 59 patients who were culture positive from March through December 1995. These 18 patients had onset of illness from 20 May through 3 October 1995, Eight individuals resided in the Austin area, eight resided in San Antonio, and two resided in Houston; none had attended a common social gathering or owned common pets, Six patients in San Antonio and one patient from Houston recalled eating food items from the same Mexican food restaurant in San antonio, S. agona organisms with the same PFGE profile were isolated from machacado, an air-dried, raw beef product prepared at the restaurant, The machacado had been shredded in a kitchen blender which was the probable source for cross-contamination of other food items. Five patients in Austin reported eating at a popular Mexican food restaurant in Austin. Improperly prepared machacado also may have been served at the Austin restaurant; however, sufficient quantities of machacado were not available for analysis. PFGE was essential in determining whether the cases constituted outbreaks and was invaluable in guiding the epidemiological investigation. C1 Texas Dept Hlth Lab, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Texas Dept Hlth Lab, Bur Labs, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barth, SS (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth Lab, Microbiol Serv Div, 1100 W 49 St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2861 EP 2864 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 119LD UT WOS:000075896800010 PM 9738033 ER PT J AU Kew, OM Sutter, RW Nottay, BK McDonough, MJ Prevots, DR Quick, L Pallansch, MA AF Kew, OM Sutter, RW Nottay, BK McDonough, MJ Prevots, DR Quick, L Pallansch, MA TI Prolonged replication of a type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in an immunodeficient patient SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLEAVAGE SITES; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; SENSITIVITY; ANTIBODIES; MUTATIONS; SEQUENCES; GENOME; BASE AB VP1 sequences were determined for poliovirus type 1 isolates obtained over a 189-day period from a poliomyelitis patient with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome (a defect in antibody formation), The isolate from the first sample, taken 11 days after onset of paralysis, contained two poliovirus populations, differing from the Sabin 1 vaccine strain by similar to 10%, differing from diverse type 1 wild polioviruses by 19 to 24%, and differing from each other by 5.5% of nucleotides. Specimens taken after day Il appeared to contain only one major poliovirus population. Evolution of YP1 sequences at synonymous third-codon positions occurred at an overall rate of similar to 3.4% per year over the 189-day period. Assuming this rate to be constant throughout the period of infection, the infection was calculated to have started similar to 9.3 years earlier. This estimate is about the time (6.9 years earlier) the patient received his last oral poliovirus vaccine dose, approximately 2 years before the diagnosis of immunodeficiency, These findings may have important implications for the strategy to eliminate poliovirus immunization after global polio eradication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Eradicat Vaccine Preventable Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kew, OM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 138 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2893 EP 2899 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 119LD UT WOS:000075896800017 PM 9738040 ER PT J AU Rafferty, ME Baltch, AL Smith, RP Bopp, LH Rheal, C Tenover, FC Killgore, GE Lyerly, DM Wilkins, TD Schoonmaker, DJ Hannett, GE Shayegani, M AF Rafferty, ME Baltch, AL Smith, RP Bopp, LH Rheal, C Tenover, FC Killgore, GE Lyerly, DM Wilkins, TD Schoonmaker, DJ Hannett, GE Shayegani, M TI Comparison of restriction enzyme analysis, arbitrarily primed PCR, and protein profile analysis typing for epidemiologic investigation of an ongoing Clostridium difficile outbreak SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED COLITIS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; DIARRHEA; STRAINS AB During an outbreak of diarrhea in a general hospital in 1992, 166 Clostridium difficile isolates From 102 patients were typed by restriction enzyme analysis (REA), arbitrarily primed PCR (AP PCR), and protein profile analysis (PP) techniques, A total of 18 types and 5 subtypes were identified by REA, 32 types were identified by AP-PCR, and 9 types were identified by PP, Analysis of the data indicated the presence of a predominant strain among 76, 75, and 84% of the isolates by REA, AP-PCR, and PP, respectively. Subsequently, 45 C, difficile isolates which had been collected in 1990 from 33 patients in the same hospital following a significant increase in the number of cases of diarrhea caused by C. difficile were studied by REA, AP-PCR, and PP typing techniques. Thirteen types and one subtype were identified by KEA, 12 types were identified by AP-PCR, and 5 types were identified by PP, As with the isolates from 1992, a dominant strain was identified. This strain was represented by 53, 64, and 70% of the total number of isolates when the strains were typed by REA, AP-PCR, and PP, respectively, Every isolate (210 of 211) from both 1990 and 1992 that was available for typing was typeable by all three methods. Furthermore, the same dominant strain was identified in both 1990 and 1992 by each method. This study demonstrates that each of the three typing methods can be useful in epidemiologic investigations of C. difficile outbreaks and that one strain can be dominant in an institution over a number of years. C1 Stratton Vet Adm Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Albany Med Coll, Albany, NY 12208 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Baltch, AL (reprint author), Stratton Vet Adm Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, 111D,113 Holland Ave, Albany, NY 12208 USA. EM Baltch.Aldona@Albany.VA.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2957 EP 2963 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 119LD UT WOS:000075896800027 PM 9738050 ER PT J AU O'Hara, CM Steward, CD Wright, JL Tenover, FC Miller, JM AF O'Hara, CM Steward, CD Wright, JL Tenover, FC Miller, JM TI Isolation of Enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We describe the isolation and identification of Enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient,vith cholecystitis. There have been only four documented isolations of this organism from humans; it normally occurs in surface water and unpolluted soils. The identification was initially made by a MicroScan Walk/Away system with a Neg Combo 18 conventional identification-susceptibility panel. The organism is susceptible to the aminoglycosides and imipenem but resistant to the cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP O'Hara, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 10 BP 3055 EP 3056 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 119LD UT WOS:000075896800045 PM 9738068 ER PT J AU Collins, MD Hutson, RA Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR AF Collins, MD Hutson, RA Falsen, E Sjoden, B Facklam, RR TI Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAEMOLYSANS; MORBILLORUM AB Six strains of a hitherto undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus isolated from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains were genealogically identical and constitute a new subline within the genus Gemella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from Gemella haemolysans, Gemella bergeriae, and Gemella morbillorum by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium he classified as Gemella sanguinis so. nor. The type strain is CCUG 37820(T). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. BBSRC, Inst Food Res, Reading Lab, Reading RG6 6BZ, Berks, England. Univ Gothenburg, Culture Collect, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 10 BP 3090 EP 3093 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 119LD UT WOS:000075896800056 PM 9738079 ER PT J AU Lawson, DA Simoes, EJ Sharp, D Murayi, T Hagan, R Brownson, RC Wilkerson, J AF Lawson, DA Simoes, EJ Sharp, D Murayi, T Hagan, R Brownson, RC Wilkerson, J TI Prostate cancer screening - A physician survey in Missouri SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIGEN AB This study investigated prostate cancer screening practices using prostate specific antigen testing (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) by primary care physicians in Missouri. In 1993, a mail survey was sent to a stratified random sample of 750 physicians whose primary specialty was general practice, family practice, or internal medicine. Three separate mailings resulted in an overall adjusted response rate of 60 percent. Ninety-five percent of physicians were more inclined to use PSA compared with three years previously, with only 45 percent of physicians more inclined to use DRE. An increase in the use of PSA following a negative DRE was reported by 85 percent and a greater inclination to use TRUS following a positive PSA was reported by 90 percent Eighty-six percent agreed with the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines on prostate cancer screening. Using logistic regression adjusted across levels of demographic and practice factors, prevalence odds ratios were derived with results indicating that agreement with ACS guidelines and being in private practice are strong predictors of a physician's inclination to routinely screen asymptomatic patients for prostate cancer. Our findings have provided baseline information on prostate cancer screening in Missouri and suggest that primary care physicians view PSA testing as a useful procedure and appear to be using it in a manner similar to the general pattern seen across the country. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lawson, DA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. OI Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN SCI PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 23 IS 5 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1023/A:1018745821888 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127ZN UT WOS:000076380900003 PM 9793832 ER PT J AU Belcher, L Kalichman, S Topping, M Smith, S Emshoff, J Norris, F Nurss, J AF Belcher, L Kalichman, S Topping, M Smith, S Emshoff, J Norris, F Nurss, J TI Randomized trial of a brief HIV risk reduction counseling intervention for women SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION; METAANALYSIS; INFECTION AB There is an urgent need for the development and implementation of effective and feasible behavioral HIV acid STD interventions. The purpose of the present randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a single-session, skill-based sexual risk reduction intervention for women. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 1 month and 3 months following the intervention on measures of AIDS knowledge, behavioral intentions, self-efficacy, and sexual risk behavior. Compared with women in an AIDS-education-only condition, women receiving the skill-based intervention reported significantly higher rates of condom use at 3-month follow-up. Results suggest that brief sexual risk reduction programs are feasible and effective within a community setting. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr Study Adult Literacy, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Belcher, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NW,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fcb2@cdc.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH53780, R03-MH56780-01] NR 16 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0022-006X J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 66 IS 5 BP 856 EP 861 DI 10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.856 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 130ZJ UT WOS:000076550300017 PM 9803706 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Timbo, BB Mowbray, JC Bean, NH Potter, ME AF Altekruse, SF Timbo, BB Mowbray, JC Bean, NH Potter, ME TI Cheese-associated outbreaks of human illness in the United States, 1973 to 1992: Sanitary manufacturing practices protect consumers SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHEDDAR CHEESE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; BRUCELLOSIS; FATE AB To identify contributing factors for cheese-associated outbreaks, we reviewed all cheese-associated outbreaks of human illness reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with onsets during 1973 to 1992. The infrequency of large, cheese-associated outbreaks was notable because such outbreaks had been a frequent public health problem before the mid-20th century. Of 32 reported cheese-associated outbreaks, 11 attributed to manufacturing errors caused most of the illnesses and hospitalizations and all 58 deaths. Important factors in these 11 outbreaks were manufacturing cheese with raw or improperly pasteurized milk and postpasteurization contamination. If current Food and Drug Administration sanitary requirements for cheesemaking had been met, these outbreaks would have been preventable. In two outbreaks of Salmonella infections, fewer than 10 Salmonella per 100 g of cheese were detected. In two outbreaks of Brucella infections, efforts to recover the pathogen from the implicated cheese were unsuccessful, emphasizing the inadequacy of end product testing for assuring consumer safety. Curing cheeses kills most bacteria present in cheeses; however, evidence from sources other than the CDC Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System suggests that curing alone may not be a sufficient pathogen control step to eliminate Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli O157:H7 from cheese. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Food & Drug Adm Liaison, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Bra, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, US FDA, Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis C09,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Altekruse, SF (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Food & Drug Adm Liaison, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Bra, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 78 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 61 IS 10 BP 1405 EP 1407 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 129UD UT WOS:000076481100028 PM 9798166 ER PT J AU Sullender, WM Mufson, MA Prince, GA Anderson, LJ Wertz, GW AF Sullender, WM Mufson, MA Prince, GA Anderson, LJ Wertz, GW TI Antigenic and genetic diversity among the attachment proteins of group a respiratory syncytial viruses that have caused repeat infections in children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Society-for-Pediatric-Research Annual Meeting CY MAY 03-05, 1998 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Pediatr Res ID SUBGROUP-B; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE CONSERVATION; INFLUENZA-B; GROUP-A; STRAINS; HETEROGENEITY; EXPRESSION; DIVERGENCE AB Antigenic differences between the two major groups of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus may contribute to reinfections with these viruses. Additional variability occurs within the two major groups; the importance of intra-group variability in reinfections with RS virus has not been defined. Two pairs of group A viruses that had caused sequential infections in children showed G protein amino acid differences of up to 15%. Vaccinia viruses were constructed that expressed the G proteins from 2 of the paired group A isolates, Immunization of cotton rats with the recombinant vaccinia viruses provided equal protection against intranasal challenge by either of the RS viruses. Despite the amino acid differences between the two group A RS virus G proteins, these animal studies did not reveal differences in protection after immunization with the two G proteins, Precise definition of the role of RS virus antigenic variability in the establishment of reinfections in humans will require further investigations in humans. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Marshall Univ, Dept Med, Huntington, WV USA. Viron Syst Inc, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sullender, WM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, 1600 7th Ave S,Suite 752, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. EM Pedp019@uabdpo.dpo.uab.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27767, AI-33425, AI-20181] NR 45 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 178 IS 4 BP 925 EP 932 DI 10.1086/515697 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 125QF UT WOS:000076248000001 PM 9806017 ER PT J AU Coleman, PJ McQuillan, GM Moyer, LA Lambert, SB Margolis, HS AF Coleman, PJ McQuillan, GM Moyer, LA Lambert, SB Margolis, HS TI Incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States, 1976-1994: Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 21-25, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AB Precise estimates of the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are required to assess the impact of immunization and other prevention strategies in the United States. Race- and age-specific prevalence data obtained from the second and third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES II, 1976-1980, and NHANES LU, 1988-1994) were used to estimate the annual incidence of HBV infection by catalytic modeling. During the period covered by NHANES II, an estimated 323,462 persons were infected annually, and 334,863 were infected annually during the period covered by NHANES III. No statistically significant declines in prevalence of HBV infection occurred between the two surveys, a period during which hepatitis B vaccination targeted only limited numbers of high-risk adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Coleman, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 178 IS 4 BP 954 EP 959 DI 10.1086/515696 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 125QF UT WOS:000076248000005 PM 9806021 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ Weiss, JB Webb, RM Levine, WC Lewis, JS Orle, KA Totten, PA Overbaugh, J Morse, SA Currier, MM Fishbein, M St Louis, ME AF Mertz, KJ Weiss, JB Webb, RM Levine, WC Lewis, JS Orle, KA Totten, PA Overbaugh, J Morse, SA Currier, MM Fishbein, M St Louis, ME TI An investigation of genital ulcers in Jackson, Mississippi, with use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay: High prevalence of chancroid and human immunodeficiency virus infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Meeting of the International-Society-for-STD-Research CY AUG 27-30, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Int Soc STD Res ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; MEN; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; SEROCONVERSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; HEALTH AB In 1994, an apparent outbreak of atypical genital ulcers was noted by clinicians at the sexually transmitted disease clinic in Jackson, Mississippi. Of 143 patients with ulcers tested with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 56 (39%) were positive for Haemophilus ducreyi, 44 (31%) for herpes simplex virus, and 27 (19%) for Treponema pallidum; 12 (8%) were positive for >1 organism. Of 136 patients tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by serology, 14 (10%) a ere HIV-seropositive, compared with none of 200 patients without ulcers (P < .001), HIV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in ulcers of 6 (50%) of 12 HIV-positive patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that men with chancroid were significantly more likely than male patients without ulcers to report sex viith a crack cocaine user, exchange of money or drugs for sex, and multiple sex partners, The strong association between genital ulcers and HIV infection in this population highlights the urgency of preventing genital ulcers in the southern United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Alameda, CA USA. Mississippi State Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Mertz, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-38518] NR 35 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 178 IS 4 BP 1060 EP 1066 DI 10.1086/515664 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 125QF UT WOS:000076248000019 PM 9806035 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Hanson, DL Navin, TR Jones, JL AF Kaplan, JE Hanson, DL Navin, TR Jones, JL TI Risk factors for primary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and adults in the United States: Reassessment of indications for chemoprophylaxis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 22-31, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. AB Risk factors for the development of a first episode of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were investigated in the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Project, a medical record review study involving longitudinal follow-up of human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in 9 US cities. Risk factors included decreasing CD4 lymphocyte count and history of AIDS-defining illness, non-P, carinii pneumonia, oral thrush, or unexplained fever for greater than or equal to 2 days; PCP prophylaxis was protective. PCP incidence/100. person-years of observation among persons not prescribed PCP prophylaxis was higher in those with CD4 lymphocyte counts <250 cells/mu L or CD4 cell percent <14% (8.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7-9.0) than in persons with CD4 cell counts <200 or history of thrush or fever, which constitute current criteria for prophylaxis against PCP (5.9; 95% CI, 5.5-6.4). Because of increased efficiency in capturing persons at highest risk, CD4 cell count <250 or CD4 cell percent <14% should be considered as criteria for prophylaxis against first episodes of PCP. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop G-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 178 IS 4 BP 1126 EP 1132 DI 10.1086/515658 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 125QF UT WOS:000076248000028 PM 9806044 ER PT J AU Beall, B Facklam, RR Elliott, JA Franklin, AR Hoenes, T Jackson, D Laclaire, L Thompson, T Viswanathan, R AF Beall, B Facklam, RR Elliott, JA Franklin, AR Hoenes, T Jackson, D Laclaire, L Thompson, T Viswanathan, R TI Streptococcal emm types associated with T-agglutination types and the use of conserved emm gene restriction fragment patterns for subtyping group A streptococci SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; M-PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; FAMILY AB The T-agglutination types were determined for a diverse collection of 1531 group A streptococci for which the 5' M protein gene (emm) sequences had been analysed. The majority of the T-agglutination types correlated with previously seen M/emm/T-type associations; however, several new associations were found. Analysis of a subset of this collection - which included 1157 clinical isolates with multiply encountered emm types - found that emm amplicon restriction profiles of isolates sharing identical T types and opacity factor phenotypes are useful for detecting groups of isolates with identical emm genes. Many emm genes of known 5' sequence display a highly conserved restriction pattern amongst clinical isolates widely separated both geographically and temporally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 47 IS 10 BP 893 EP 898 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 127MP UT WOS:000076355200007 PM 9788813 ER PT J AU Albright, AV Lavi, E Black, JB Goldberg, S O'Connor, MJ Gonzalez-Scarano, F AF Albright, AV Lavi, E Black, JB Goldberg, S O'Connor, MJ Gonzalez-Scarano, F TI The effect of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) on cultured human neural cells: oligodendrocytes and microglia SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HHV-6; oligodendrocytes; multiple sclerosis; microglia ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; EXANTHEM-SUBITUM; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; ROSEOLA INFANTUM; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; INFECTION; VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; CHILDREN AB Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a betaherpesvirus that has been frequently associated with pediatric encephalitis. In 1995 Challoner et al reported that HHV-6 variant B (HHV-6B) was linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) due to the presence of viral DNA and antigen in the oligodendrocytes surrounding MS plaques. These findings led us to examine HHV-6B's in vitro tropism for primary neural cells. HIV-6B mediated cell-to-cell fusion in cultured adult oligodendroglia. Infection of oligodendrocytes was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (EM), which showed the presence of intracellular HHV-6 particles, and by PCR for HHV-6 DNA. However, the release of infectious virus was low or undetectable in multiple experiments. Microglia were also susceptible to infection by HHV-6B, as demonstrated by an antigen capture assay. We did not detect infection of a differentiated neuronal cell line (NT2D). Our findings suggest that HHV-6B infection of oligodendrocytes and/or microglia could potentially play a role in neuropathogenesis. C1 Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Program Virol & Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol & Microbiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med Neuropathol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gonzalez-Scarano, F (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Neurol, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07325]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-30606] NR 43 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 4 IS 5 BP 486 EP 494 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 134HD UT WOS:000076736700003 PM 9839646 ER PT J AU McCaig, LF Burt, CW Stussman, BJ AF McCaig, LF Burt, CW Stussman, BJ TI A comparison of work-related injury visits and other injury visits to emergency departments in the United States, 1995-1996 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL EMERGENCY; OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES; COSTS; SAMPLE AB Estimates of nonfatal work-related injuries range from 6 to 13 million annually and the mast serious of these injuries are presented to hospital emergency departments (EDs). To describe work-related injury ED visits in the United States, we examined data from the 1995-1996 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, which is a national probability sample survey of visits to EDs of non-federal, short-stay, and general hospitals. In 1995-1996, an annual average of 4 million work-related injury ED visits were made by persons 16 years of age and over The average annual rate of work-related injury visits was 3.5 per 100 workers, and the rate of nonwork-related injury visits was 11.2 per 100 persons. Persons 16-19 years of age had a higher work-related injury visit rate (6.9 per 100 full-time equivalents [FTEs]) than did those 20 years of age and over (3.4 per 100 FTEs). Males had higher work-related injury visit rates (4.3 per 100 FTEs) than females (2.4 per 100 FTEs). The leading cause of injury and diagnosis for work-related injury ED visits were "cuts" (16%) and "open wound" (22%), respectively. Determining appropriate preventive action will reduce the number of workers injured and may result in financial savings for industries and health care systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McCaig, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ambulatory Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 952, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 40 IS 10 BP 870 EP 875 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 129EE UT WOS:000076449700006 PM 9800171 ER PT J AU Dong, MX Petersen, MR Mendell, MJ AF Dong, MX Petersen, MR Mendell, MJ TI Using pilot data to estimate sample size and compare question forms for a crossover study SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sample size; pilot study; crossover study; intervention; office worker; indoor air; questionnaire; Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ID VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; PAIN AB A pilot study was conducted on thirty office workers to help determine if a scannable form of symptom severity questions would yield similar results as a nonscannable form. There were three goals of the pilot study: first, to observe if, in a questionnaire using two forms of Visual Analog Scares (VAS), questions using a scannable sequence of "boxes" for responses would elicit different mean responses than questions using unbroken "lines"; second, to observe if questions using a sequence of "boxes" would elicit different within person and week response variability than questions using unbroken "lines"; and third, to estimate the sample size needed for a crossover study, depending on the particular form of the question used, and the number of crossovers. The pilot study, consisting of three sequential weekly questionnaires, provided week, subject, and error variance components for each of three dependent variables from the two different VAS forms. Most of the calculations were performed with a log transformation of the data. For each VAS form, the number of subjects necessary for desired study power for each symptom was calculated. Based on this pilot study, neither the mean nor the within person and week variance component was consistently larger or smaller for the VAS(box) form than for the VAS(line) form. The linear models analysis showed that the two forms filled out by the same person on the same day had similar mean Values and were highly correlated for all symptoms (R(2)greater than or equal to 0.95). Thus we chose the VAS(box) form because of scanner compatibility and estimated the required number of subjects for our full-scale study based on this chosen form. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Dong, MX (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PI TOKYO PA 1-29-8 SHINJUKU, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160, JAPAN SN 1341-9145 J9 J OCCUP HEALTH JI J. Occup. Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 40 IS 4 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.1539/joh.40.307 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 149LL UT WOS:000077606700009 ER PT J AU Pi-Sunyer, FX Becker, DM Bouchard, C Carleton, RA Colditz, GA Dietz, WH Foreyt, JP Garrison, RJ Grundy, SM Hansen, BC Higgins, M Hill, JO Howard, BV Kuczmarski, RJ Kumanyika, S Legako, RD Prewitt, TE Rocchini, AP Smith, PL Snetselaar, LG Sowers, JR Weintraub, M Williamson, DF Wilson, T Buros, OK Brown, CD Donato, KA Ernst, N Hill, R Horan, MJ Hubbard, VS Kiley, JP Obarzanek, E Schriger, D Chiquette, E AF Pi-Sunyer, FX Becker, DM Bouchard, C Carleton, RA Colditz, GA Dietz, WH Foreyt, JP Garrison, RJ Grundy, SM Hansen, BC Higgins, M Hill, JO Howard, BV Kuczmarski, RJ Kumanyika, S Legako, RD Prewitt, TE Rocchini, AP Smith, PL Snetselaar, LG Sowers, JR Weintraub, M Williamson, DF Wilson, T Buros, OK Brown, CD Donato, KA Ernst, N Hill, R Horan, MJ Hubbard, VS Kiley, JP Obarzanek, E Schriger, D Chiquette, E CA Obesity Initiative Task Force TI Executive summary of the clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Laval, Phys Act Sci Lab, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Pawtucket, RI 02860 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Nutr Res Clin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Prevent Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Obes & Diabet Res Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Obes & Diabet Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Nutr, Denver, CO USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pi-Sunyer, FX (reprint author), St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp Ctr, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. RI Hansen, Barbara/J-8723-2012; Bouchard, Claude/A-7637-2009; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Hansen, Barbara/0000-0001-9646-3525; Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 0 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 98 IS 10 BP 1178 EP 1191 PG 14 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 126WG UT WOS:000076317200027 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Geiss, LS Thompson, TJ Beckles, GLA Lopez, L Hartwell, T Visscher, W Liburd, L AF Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Geiss, LS Thompson, TJ Beckles, GLA Lopez, L Hartwell, T Visscher, W Liburd, L TI A project to reduce the burden of diabetes in the African-American community: Project DIRECT SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; Project DIRECT; community intervention; health promotion; quality of care ID HEART HEALTH-PROGRAM; MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DISEASE RISK; MELLITUS; RETINOPATHY; PROGRESSION; EDUCATION AB Project DIRECT (Diabetes Interventions Reaching and Educating Communities Together) is the first comprehensive community diabetes demonstration project in the United States in an African-American community. This article describes its intervention components and evaluation design. The development and implementation of Project DIRECT has included the community since the project's beginning. Interventions are targeted in three areas: health promotion (improving diet and physical activity levels), outreach (improving diabetes awareness, detection of undiagnosed diabetes, and ensuring that persons with diabetes who are not receiving continuing diabetes care are integrated into the health-care system), and diabetes care (improving self-care, increasing access, and improving the quality of diabetes preventive care received within the health-care system). Evaluation will be internal (conducted by Project DIRECT staff to assess process outcomes in persons directly exposed to each specific intervention) and external (review of outcomes to assess the impact of the multi-intervention program at the level of the entire community). Because diabetes exacts a disproportionate toll among African Americans, the findings from this project should aid in developing strategies to lessen the burden of this disorder, particularly among minority populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 90 IS 10 BP 605 EP 613 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 131ZE UT WOS:000076604500007 PM 9803725 ER PT J AU Kinde, H Visvesvara, GS Barr, BC Nordhausen, RW Chiu, PHW AF Kinde, H Visvesvara, GS Barr, BC Nordhausen, RW Chiu, PHW TI Amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris (leptomyxid ameba) in a horse SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA; HUMANS; INFECTIONS; ANIMALS; AGENT; AIDS C1 Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Sch Vet Med, CVDLS, San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA 92412 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CVDLS Davis, Davis, CA 95617 USA. RP Kinde, H (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Bernardino, Sch Vet Med, CVDLS, San Bernardino Branch, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92412 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 378 EP 381 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 126QA UT WOS:000076303600016 PM 9786532 ER PT J AU Neubauer, H Reischl, U Ropp, S Esposito, JJ Wolf, H Meyer, H AF Neubauer, H Reischl, U Ropp, S Esposito, JJ Wolf, H Meyer, H TI Specific detection of monkeypox virus by polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE orthopoxvirus; DNA sequences; acidophilic inclusion body protein ID INCLUSION PROTEIN; ORTHOPOXVIRUS; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; BODY AB The open reading frame coding for the A-type inclusion body protein (ATI) of monkeypox virus (MPV) was identified and sequenced for two strains. Nucleotide sequence comparison revealed 72-95.3% homology with the reported open reading frame sequences of the ATIs of other orthopoxvirus species, such as variola, vaccinia, cowpox, ectromelia, and camelpox viruses. Each MPV strain contained an 8-bp deletion, which caused a frameshift that introduced a premature stop in the open reading frame at base 2091 relative to the ATI open reading frame of cowpox virus strain Brighten. The sequences enabled a primer pair to be designed that flanked the deletion and specifically amplified a 601-bp fragment that identified and differentiated 19 MPV strains examined from five other Old World orthopoxvirus species examined. The specificity was confirmed by cleavage of the 19 MPV strain amplicons with Bg/II, which produced three subfragments of expected sized, based on the determined MPV sequences. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fed Armed Forces Med Acad, Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. Univ Regensburg, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meyer, H (reprint author), Fed Armed Forces Med Acad, Inst Microbiol, Neuherbergstr 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 1998 VL 74 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(98)00099-8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 123GN UT WOS:000076117600009 PM 9779620 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, R McCaustland, KA AF Aggarwal, R McCaustland, KA TI Hepatitis E virus RNA detection in serum and feces specimens with the use of microspin columns SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E; hepatitis E virus; polymerase chain reaction; viral excretion ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B-HEPATITIS; TYPE-1 RNA AB This report describes the use of microspin columns for extraction of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA from stool and serum specimens for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compares this method with the glass powder method. The microspin column method was found to be 1- to 2-log more sensitive in detecting HEV RNA than the glass powder method and had better reproducibility. The microspin column method also detected HEV RNA in a larger number of specimens than the glass powder method from among a panel of serum and stool specimens. Use of this method may allow better assessment of viremia and fecal excretion in patients and experimental animals infected with HEV. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aggarwal, R (reprint author), Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. OI Aggarwal, Rakesh/0000-0001-9689-494X NR 10 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 1998 VL 74 IS 2 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(98)00049-4 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 123GN UT WOS:000076117600010 PM 9779621 ER PT J AU Hummel, KB Bellini, WJ Offermann, MK AF Hummel, KB Bellini, WJ Offermann, MK TI Strain-specific differences in LFA-1 induction on measles virus-infected monocytes and adhesion and viral transmission to endothelial cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD46; AGGREGATION; LEUKOCYTES; ADHERENCE; RECEPTOR; GENES AB Measles virus (MV) infection of monocytes induces leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-I), an integrin that mediates intercellular adhesion to the endothelium. Thus, an increase in LFA-1 expression could lead to enhanced monocyte adherence and virus dissemination to endothelial cells (ECs) and potentially be an important means of distinction between MV strains. We identified both vaccine and wild-type strains that induced LFA-1 and others that failed to induce. Although adhesion of MV-infected monocytes and viral transmission to ECs was demonstrated, strain-specific differences were not correlated with LFA-1 induction. MV infection of ECs was dramatically reduced in the absence of cell contact, suggesting virus dissemination by cell-cell transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Winship Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hummel, KB (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbh2@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA67382]; NIAMS NIH HHS [P30 AR042687, P30AR42687] NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 72 IS 10 BP 8403 EP 8407 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 118WN UT WOS:000075864100088 PM 9733893 ER PT J AU Roscoe, DE Holste, WC Sorhage, FE Campbell, C Niezgoda, M Buchanan, R Diehl, D Niu, HS Rupprecht, CE AF Roscoe, DE Holste, WC Sorhage, FE Campbell, C Niezgoda, M Buchanan, R Diehl, D Niu, HS Rupprecht, CE TI Efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon rabies in New Jersey SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE efficacy; epidemic; field trial; prevalence; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoon; tetracycline biomarker; vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant oral vaccine ID PROCYON-LOTOR; VIRUS-VACCINE; ATLANTIC STATES; URBAN RACCOONS; IMMUNIZATION AB A field trial to evaluate the efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies was conducted by distributing 180,816 doses (10(8.2)TCID(50)/ml) of vaccine in wax ampules within fish-meal polymer baits at a rate of 64 doses/km(2)/treatment throughout a 552 km(2) area, forming an 18 km wide band across the northern Cape May Peninsula of New Jersey (USA). Vaccination treatments were conducted in the spring and fall between May 1992 and October 1994 from a helicopter along ecotones and from motor vehicles along roads. Vaccine-laden baits were removed by animals from tracking stations within 3 wk and 61% of the identifiable tracks were those of raccoons. Tetracycline incorporated in the baits as a biomarker was detected in 155 (73%) of the vaccination area raccoons following the fall 1993 and spring 1994 vaccinations. Eleven (61%) of the raccoons sampled in the same time period seroconverted (greater than or equal to 0.5 IU) in response to rabies virus glycoprotein. 4 raccoon diagnosed with rabies from the northern border of the vaccination area on 30 April 1993 provided the first evidence that the barrier was being challenged by the rabies epidemic. The prevalence of rabies in raccoons from the vaccination area for the first year (10%, n = 96) and second year (8%, n = 61) of challenge was reduced more than six-fold by vaccination compared to unvaccinated raccoons from northern adjacent surveillance areas during the corresponding first (65%, n = 189) and second years (53%, n = 43). Vaccination also effectively reduced by three-fold the rate at which the epidemic moved through the raccoon population (15 km/yr). The breach of the vaccination area resulted in a resumption of the high rate (43 km/yr) of epidemic movement and a significant nine-fold increase in rabies prevalence (77%, n = 47). The maximum linear movement (12.9 km) among five ear-tagged rabid raccoons in the study area was significantly greater than that of 19 normal radio-collared raccoons (2.58 km) in the area. These large movements of rabid raccoons, together with relocation of nuisance raccoons, spillover of raccoon rabies in skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and other species, insufficient funding and a decision to discontinue the program in 1994 (which could have resulted in insufficient population immunity among raccoons in the vaccination area) may have contributed to the eventual breach of the barrier. C1 New Jersey Div Fish Game & Wildlife, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. E Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Biol Sci, E Stroudsburg, PA USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roscoe, DE (reprint author), New Jersey Div Fish Game & Wildlife, POB 400, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. EM pequest@eclipse.net NR 26 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 752 EP 763 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 137DF UT WOS:000076899000010 PM 9813845 ER PT J AU Mack, KA AF Mack, KA TI Observations from the CDC - Women, chronic disease, and the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDC, NCCDPHP, DACH, BSB, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, DACH, BSB, 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 7 IS 8 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.949 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 137UU UT WOS:000076935400009 PM 9812288 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Will, JC Ford, MAD Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Will, JC Ford, MAD Mokdad, AH TI Health insurance status and cardiovascular disease risk factors among 50-64-year-old US women: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; MEDICAL-CARE; COVERAGE; ACCESS; MASSACHUSETTS; MORTALITY AB To examine the cardiovascular disease risk factors profile and use of preventive health services for cardiovascular disease among uninsured women aged 50-64 years, we studied data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), conducted from 1988 to 1994. Insured women (n = 1308) and uninsured women (n = 303) had similar levels of blood pressure and lipids, but uninsured women were more likely to be current smokers, sedentary, and overweight and to consume less fiber, vitamin C, folate, calcium, and potassium than insured women. Compared with insured women, uninsured women were less likely to have had their blood pressure checked during the previous 6 months, to have had their cholesterol level checked, and to be aware of hypercholesterolemia. Insured women (24.9%) were three times more likely to use estrogen replacement therapy than uninsured women (7.9%). NHANES III data suggest that women without health insurance have a worse cardiovascular disease risk factor profile and use healthcare services less frequently than women with health insurance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD OCT PY 1998 VL 7 IS 8 BP 997 EP 1006 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.997 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 137UU UT WOS:000076935400017 PM 9812296 ER PT J AU Kasiske, BL Rith-Najarian, S Casper, ML Croft, JB AF Kasiske, BL Rith-Najarian, S Casper, ML Croft, JB TI American Indian heritage and risk factors for renal injury SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes population; albuminuria; diabetes; hypertension; myocardial infarction; American Indian heritage; socioeconomic status and health; cardiovascular disease; Inter-Tribal Heart Project ID PIMA-INDIANS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DISEASE; HEALTH; KIDNEY; MICROALBUMINURIA; HYPERTENSION; PROTEINURIA; ALBUMINURIA AB Background. Little is known about the causes and consequences of renal disease among American Indians in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Methods. We examined clinical correlates of albumin/creatinine ratios among 1368 participants in the three tribal communities of the Inter-Tribal Heart Project using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results. Compared to 1086 participants without albuminuria, the 240 with microalbuminuria (30 to 299 mg/g) and the 42- with macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/g) were more likely to report a history of a myocardial infarction (6.4%, 16.0%, and 23.8%, respectively, P < 0.001). Similarly, compared to patients without albuminuria, those with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were more likely to report a history of stroke (2.3%, 8.4% and 26.2%, respectively, P < 0.001). In a multiple linear regression model, independent correlates of albumin excretion (P < 0.05) included: fasting blood sugar, treated diabetes, treated hypertension, higher systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic blood pressure, abnormal electrocardiogram, a history of stroke, the degree of American Indian heritage, and lower household income. Conclusions. Urinary albumin excretion is associated with cardiovascular disease outcomes and risk factors among American Indians of the Great Lakes region. Both heredity and socioeconomic status appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of renal injury in this population. C1 Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Bemidji Area Off, Diabet Program, Bemidji, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kasiske, BL (reprint author), Hennepin Cty Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, 701 Pk Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0085-2538 EI 1523-1755 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1305 EP 1310 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00106.x PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 122XN UT WOS:000076096900030 PM 9767548 ER PT J AU Mangram, AJ Archibald, LK Hupert, M Tokars, JI Silver, LC Brennan, P Arduino, M Peterson, S Parks, S Raymond, A McCullough, M Jones, M Wasserstein, A Kobrin, S Jarvis, WR AF Mangram, AJ Archibald, LK Hupert, M Tokars, JI Silver, LC Brennan, P Arduino, M Peterson, S Parks, S Raymond, A McCullough, M Jones, M Wasserstein, A Kobrin, S Jarvis, WR TI Outbreak of sterile peritonitis among continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis patients SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE epidemic; CCPD; home dialysis; dialysate contamination; infection; endotoxin AB Background. Approximately 30,000 patients receive peritoneal dialysis in the United States. In August 1996, several dialysis centers from different states reported sterile peritonitis among CCPD patients using sterile peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) from a single manufacturer. The manufacturer recalled 53 lots of PDS that had passed established industry guidelines and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved quality control tests [including endotoxin levels <0.5 endotoxin units (EU)/ml], but had pre-sterilization bacterial colony counts >1 cfu/ml. Methods. At one outpatient dialysis center, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all CCPD patients treated during July 15 to August 30, 1996. A case-patient was defined as any HUP patient with culture-negative peritoneal fluid with a white blood cell count >100/mm(3), cloudy peritoneal fluid, and/or abdominal pain. PDS and tubing were cultured for bacteria and assayed for endotoxin. Results. Overall, 14 of 28 patients had sterile peritonitis. The only risk factor identified was exposure to greater than or equal to 1 lot of recalled PDS (14 of 22 vs. 0/6, P = 0.02); the more recalled lots received, the higher the attack rate (P = 0.0001). Five of 47 PDS bags had detectable endotoxin; recalled lots were more likely to have measurable endotoxin than nonrecalled lots (5/19 vs. 0/17, P = 0.05). When case-patients resumed CCPD using PDS from non recalled lots, no further cases were reported. Conclusions. Our results suggest that this outbreak was caused by intrinsic PDS contamination with endotoxin. Pre-sterilization colony counts may be an important quality control indicator for CCPD fluids in conjunction with endotoxin levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mangram, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Mail Stop E-69,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1367 EP 1371 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00110.x PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 122XN UT WOS:000076096900039 PM 9767557 ER PT J AU Holtgrave, DR Pinkerton, SD AF Holtgrave, DR Pinkerton, SD TI Setting performance standards for a national HIV prevention program SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD OCT-DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 481 EP 481 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 128TM UT WOS:000076422700173 ER PT J AU Decoufle, P Hollowell, J Flanders, WD AF Decoufle, P Hollowell, J Flanders, WD TI Is community placement an independent risk factor for increased mortality? Comments on two recent reports SO MENTAL RETARDATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Decoufle, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC F-15,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC MENTAL RETARDATION PI WASHINGTON PA 444 N CAPITOL ST, NW, STE 846, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-1512 USA SN 0047-6765 J9 MENT RETARD JI Ment. Retard. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 36 IS 5 BP 403 EP 405 DI 10.1352/0047-6765(1998)036<0403:ICPAIR>2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 129FA UT WOS:000076452100009 PM 9803132 ER PT J AU Cnattingius, R Cnattingius, S Notzon, FC AF Cnattingius, R Cnattingius, S Notzon, FC TI Obstacles to reducing cesarean rates in a low-cesarean setting: The effect of maternal age, height, and weight SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SECTION RATES; DELAYED CHILDBEARING; RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; WOMEN AB Objective: To examine risk factors for elective and nonelective cesarean delivery in a population with a low cesarean rate. Methods: Nulliparous women delivering singleton births in Sweden during 1992-93 were included (n = 92,623). Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and rates of cesarean delivery. Results: The overall cesarean rate was 11.9%. Risks for cesarean increased consistently with increasing maternal age, decreasing maternal height, and increasing prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Compared with teenagers, the OR of cesarean was 2.6 among women 30-34 years and 4.4 among women 35 years of age or older. Compared with tall women (greater than 174 cm), the OR of cesarean for women 155-164 cm was 2.0, and 4.5 for short women (less than 155 cm). Compared with lean women (BMI less than 20.0), the ORs of cesarean for overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9) and obese women (BMI of at least 30.0) were 1.8 and 2.4, respectively. Similar risks also were obtained when the analyses were restricted to elective or nonelective cesarean deliveries. The effect of prepregnancy BMI on cesarean rate was influenced by maternal height: among tall women, rates of cesarean increased from 5% among lean women to 11% among obese women, whereas corresponding rates among short women were 19% and 36%, respectively. The influence of mother's education, type of hospital, and other factors was considerably less. Conclusion: The increase in maternal age at first birth and the weight among young women present obstacles to the reduction of cesarean rates in developed countries. (Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:501-6. (C) 1998 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Uppsala, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cnattingius, S (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. NR 25 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 92 IS 4 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00244-0 PN 1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 123GY UT WOS:000076118500005 PM 9764619 ER PT J AU Newton, KM Lacroix, AZ Leveille, SG Rutter, C Keenan, NL Anderson, LA AF Newton, KM Lacroix, AZ Leveille, SG Rutter, C Keenan, NL Anderson, LA TI The physician's role in women's decision making about hormone replacement therapy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; ATTITUDES; MENOPAUSE; SYMPTOMS; PERIMENOPAUSAL; DETERMINANTS; INFORMATION; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To ascertain the sources of information women use when making decisions about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based computer-assisted telephone survey of 1082 randomly selected women aged 50-80 years (80.3% response rate) was conducted at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a large staff-model health maintenance organization in Washington state. Results: Overall, 460 participants (42.5%) were current HRT users, 226 (20.9%) were past users,nd 396 (36.6%) were never users. Discussions with physicians dominated as the major source of information used in decision making by current (83.4%) and past (65.5%) users, but were less often cited by never users (44.4%); printed material was used by 44.5% of women. Although 72.1% of current users reported that the amount of information received from their physician about the benefits of HRT was about right, only 48.2% of past users and 33.6% of never users shared this view (P < .001 current versus never), and 13.3% of current users, 32.6% of past users and 58% of never users reported receiving no information from their physician about HRT's benefits. Conclusion: Hormone replacement therapy use is strongly related to interactions between women and their physicians. Many women use written materials to make decisions about HRT. A large proportion of women feel inadequately informed about HRT's risks and benefits. Much work remains to be accomplished toward meeting the goal of the US Preventive Services Task Force that all perimenopausal and postmenopausal women be counseled about the potential benefits and risks of HRT. (Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:580-4. (C) 1998 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Newton, KM (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU009654-04] NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 92 IS 4 BP 580 EP 584 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00272-5 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 123GY UT WOS:000076118500018 PM 9764632 ER PT J AU Powell, MR Morgan, J Guarner, J Colley, DG AF Powell, MR Morgan, J Guarner, J Colley, DG TI Cytokine mRNA levels in the hearts of inbred mice that develop different degrees of cardiomyopathy during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trypanosoma cruzi; Chagas' disease; cytokines; cardiac pathology ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CHAGAS-DISEASE; IFN-GAMMA; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; TNF-ALPHA; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERFERON; ANTIBODIES AB Profiles of cytokine mRNA expression were examined by semiquantitative RT-PCR in the hearts of DBA/2 (pathopermissive) and B10.D2 (pathoresistant) mice during infection with the Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi. The levels and time-course profiles of IFN gamma, IL-I beta and IL-10 mRNA expression were similar in each strain. TNF alpha, iNOs, and IL-13 mRNA expression peaked at comparable levels and rimes after infection in each strain, but declined more rapidly in B10.D2 than in DBA/2 mice. Peak IL-2 mRNA levels were also similar between the two strains, brit occurred earlier in DBA/2 thran in B10.D2 mice. Levels of IL4, IL-6 and IL-12 mRNA were significantly higher in DBA/2 than in B10.D2 mice fr om clay 10 through day 50 of infection. With the exception of IL-1 beta, which was expressed constitutively ill both strains, the levels of mRNA of all other cytokines examined reached their peak no later than day 20 and declined significantly by day 50 after infection. The inflammatory infiltrate paralleled the latter cytokines; starting at day 10 in DBA/2 mice and at day 15 in the B10.D2s, peaking between days 20 and 30 in both strains, decreasing to minimal levels by day 50 in the pathoresistant mice, but maintaining a mild amount through day 70 in the pathopermissive strain The inflammation was composed mostly of lymphocytes and histiocytes throughout the entire process. These data demonstrate differences in the profiles of cytokine mRNA that may be related to the differential degree of cardiac pathology that develops in these two strains of mice upon infection with T. cruzi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Inst Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial,Natl Inst Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Inst Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 20 IS 10 BP 463 EP 471 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1998.00175.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 223EC UT WOS:000081826600003 PM 9797507 ER PT J AU Mofenson, LM Yogev, R Korelitz, J Bethel, J Krasinski, K Moye, J Nugent, R Rigau-Perez, JG AF Mofenson, LM Yogev, R Korelitz, J Bethel, J Krasinski, K Moye, J Nugent, R Rigau-Perez, JG CA Natl Inst Child Hlth Human Dev Intravenous Immu TI Characteristics of acute pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and association with long term mortality risk SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection; pneumonia; mortality; intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis ID HIV-INFECTION; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DISEASE AB Objective. To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, laboratory and treatment characteristics of acute pneumonia and its association with mortality in HIV-infected children. Methods. Data were collected during a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for infection prophylaxis (1988 to 1991); CD4(+) percentage was measured and HIV RNA was assessed on stored sera collected at baseline and every 3 months. Mortality was recorded during the trial and updated through 1996. All reported physician-diagnosed pneumonia episodes underwent blinded review for trial endpoint classification as acute (new radiologic findings and presence of clinical symptoms) or nonacute. Results. On blinded clinical trial endpoint review of all reported pneumonia episodes (n = 281), only 47% were classified as acute. One hundred thirty-one episodes of acute pneumonia were reported in 93 children (47 in 31 IVIG and 84 in 62 placebo patients, P < 0.01). The incidence of acute pneumonia was 24 episodes per 100 patient years. Findings associated with an acute bacterial process were uncommon (leukocytosis greater than or equal to 15 000/mm(3) in 21% and fever greater than or equal to 103 degrees F in 32% of episodes). Multiple acute episodes occurred in 34% of the children and were associated with increased risk of mortality in a univariate analysis (risk ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.4, P = 0.002), but in a multivariate model only baseline HIV RNA copy number and CD4(+) percentage remained independently associated with mortality (relative risk, 2.0 and 1.4, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusion. Acute pneumonia was a common occurrence in HIV-infected children and was associated with long term mortality risk. Multiple episodes of acute pneumonia likely represent a marker of progressive disease and immunologic dysfunction rather than being causally associated with increased long term mortality. C1 NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NYU Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10016 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. RP Mofenson, LM (reprint author), NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Ctr Res Mothers & Children, NIH, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B11, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM LM65D@nih.gov OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808; moye, john/0000-0001-9976-8586 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 17 IS 10 BP 872 EP 880 DI 10.1097/00006454-199810000-00005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 131CE UT WOS:000076557500004 PM 9802627 ER PT J AU Rennels, MB Parashar, UD Holman, RC Le, CT Chang, HG Glass, RI AF Rennels, MB Parashar, UD Holman, RC Le, CT Chang, HG Glass, RI TI Lace of an apparent association between intussusception and wild or vaccine rotavirus infection SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intussusception; rotavirus; vaccine C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Oakland, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Rennels, MB (reprint author), Univ Maryland Hosp, N5W70,22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 5 TC 92 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 17 IS 10 BP 924 EP 925 DI 10.1097/00006454-199810000-00018 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 131CE UT WOS:000076557500017 PM 9802640 ER PT J AU Boyce, TG Craig, AS Schaffner, W Dermody, TS AF Boyce, TG Craig, AS Schaffner, W Dermody, TS TI Fever and encephalopathy in two school age boys SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROSSE VIRUS-INFECTIONS C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Serv, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boyce, TG (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 17 IS 10 BP 935 EP + DI 10.1097/00006454-199810000-00025 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 131CE UT WOS:000076557500024 PM 9802647 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Anderson, RN Kochanek, KD Rosenberg, HM Hoyert, DL Guyer, B AF MacDorman, MF Anderson, RN Kochanek, KD Rosenberg, HM Hoyert, DL Guyer, B TI Statistics and death certificates - In reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1998 VL 102 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1001 PN 1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 126DL UT WOS:000076277600041 ER PT J AU Lindegren, ML Hanson, IC Hammett, TA Beil, J Fleming, PL Ward, JW AF Lindegren, ML Hanson, IC Hammett, TA Beil, J Fleming, PL Ward, JW CA Sexual Transmission HIV Infection Children Work TI Sexual abuse of children: Intersection with the HIV epidemic SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatric; human immunodeficiency virus; child sexual abuse ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; INFECTED CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; AIDS; ADOLESCENTS; VICTIMS; TRENDS AB Objective. Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the predominant risk exposure among adolescents and adults reported with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although perinatal transmission accounts for the majority of HIV infection in children, there have been reports of HIV transmission through sexual abuse of children. We characterized children <13 years of age who may have acquired HIV infection through sexual abuse. Methods. All reports by state and local health departments to the national HIV/AIDS surveillance system of children with HIV infection not AIDS (n = 1507) and AIDS (n = 7629) through December 1996 were reviewed for history of sexual abuse. Information was ascertained from data recorded on the case report form as well as investigations of children with no risk for HIV infection reported or identified on initial investigation. For children with a possible history of sexual abuse, additional data were collected, including how sexual abuse was diagnosed; characteristics of the perpetrator(s) (ie, HIV status and HIV risks); and other possible risk factors for the child's HIV infection. Results. Of 9136 children reported with HIV or AIDS, 26 were sexually abused with confirmed ((n = 17) or suspected (n = 9) exposure to HIV infection; mean age of these children at diagnosis of HIV infection was 8.8 years (range, 3 to 12 years). There were 14 females and 3 males who had confirmed sexual exposure to an adult male perpetrator at risk for or infected with HIV; of these, 14 had no other risk for HIV infection, and 3 had multiple risks for HIV infection tie, through sexual abuse, perinatal exposure, and physical abuse through drug injection). The other 9 children (8 females, 1 male) had no other risk factors for HIV infection and were suspected to have been infected through sexual abuse, but the identity, HIV risk, or HIV status of all the perpetrator(s) was not known. All cases of sexual abuse had been reported to local children's protective agencies. Sexual abuse was established on the basis of physician diagnosis or physical examination (n = 20), child disclosure (n = 15), previous or concurrent noncongenital sexually transmitted disease (n = 9), and for confirmed cases, criminal prosecution of the HIV-infected or at-risk perpetrator (n = 8). For the 17 children with confirmed sexual exposure to HIV infection, 19 male perpetrators were identified who were either known to be HIV infected (n = 18) or had risk factors for HIV infection (n = 17), most of whom were a parent or relative. Conclusions. These 26 cases highlight the tragic intersection of child sexual abuse and the HIV epidemic. Although the number of reported cases of sexual transmission of HIV infection among children is small, it is a minimum estimate based on population-based surveillance and is an important and likely underrecognized public health problem. Health care providers should consider sexual abuse as a possible means of HIV transmission, particularly among children whose mothers are HIV-antibody negative and also among older HIV-infected children. The intersection of child abuse with the HIV epidemic highlights the critical need for clinicians and public health professionals to be aware of the risk for HIV transmission among children who have been sexually abused, and of guidelines for HIV testing among sexually abused children, and to evaluate and report such cases. URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/icg/content/fu11/102/4/e46. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Lindegren, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1998 VL 102 IS 4 BP art. no. EP e46 DI 10.1542/peds.102.4.e46 PN 1 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 126DL UT WOS:000076277600021 PM 9755283 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Rupprecht, CE AF Meltzer, MI Rupprecht, CE TI A review of the economics of the prevention and control of rabies part 1: Global impact and rabies in humans SO PHARMACOECONOMICS LA English DT Review ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; COST; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BENEFITS; VACCINE; ELIMINATION; RACCOONS AB The existing literature on the economics of rabies and its control can be characterised as a poorly documented set of cost estimates with insufficient information to allow replication of the analyses. Most articles have numerous 'violations' of the standard recommended procedures for assessing the burden of disease and the cost and benefits of interventions. Per capita costs are often crudely extrapolated from small to large populations without allowing for geographic differences in incidence. Furthermore, most studies do not distinguish between financial charges and true economic costs, and only a few articles contain a multiyear framework, complete with discounting of future costs and benefits. With the exception of the increase in average incidence of postexposure prophylaxes (PEPs) in Asia, the average incidences of both human-rabies cases and PEPs in Africa, the Americas and Europe have not changed significantly over time. There are, however, large differences between countries within a region and regional averages can conceal notable changes in incidences over time for a given country. The largest number of human-rabies cases occur in developing countries due to the low levels of vaccination among dogs, the high cost of biologicals for PEP and problems of availability. The costs (1995 values) of PEP range from $US1707 per person in Massachusetts, US, to $US2.50 for a complete series of vaccinations (without immunoglobulin) using sheep-derived vaccines in Karachi, Pakistan. Most studies which reported the cost of PEP, however, provided only direct medical costs and did not consider indirect costs such as lost productivity due to death, permanent disability or time spent while receiving medical care. Given the expense of controlling rabies in dogs and wildlife, there is an urgent need to develop a cheaper human-rabies vaccine or further refine the 'low-dose' PEP regimes. PEP is often given unnecessarily, and experience with expert consultations systems and algorithms has shown that the rate, and therefore total cost, of PEP can be significantly reduced. However. because it may be difficult to identify lesions from a bite by a bat, algorithms may be of less value when dealing with possible exposure to bat rabies. Using US prices and values, only 2 individuals per 1000 possible contacts have to be at risk from bat rabies in order for it to be economically justifiable to give PEP to all those potentially exposed to bat rabies. With regard to pre-exposure vaccination, routine use of pre-exposure has generally not been shown to be cost effective. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 94 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1170-7690 J9 PHARMACOECONOMICS JI Pharmacoeconomics PD OCT PY 1998 VL 14 IS 4 BP 365 EP 383 DI 10.2165/00019053-199814040-00004 PG 19 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 125UN UT WOS:000076255600004 PM 10344905 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Mann, JM AF Aral, SO Mann, JM TI Commercial sex work and STD: The need for policy interventions to change societal patterns SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVALENCE; HIV C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-EO2, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 25 IS 9 BP 455 EP 456 DI 10.1097/00007435-199810000-00002 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 130CG UT WOS:000076501000002 PM 9800255 ER PT J AU Sobal, J Khan, LK Bisogni, C AF Sobal, J Khan, LK Bisogni, C TI A conceptual model of the food and nutrition system SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE model; food; nutrition; health; agriculture; diet; systems ID CHOICE AB The food system is a widely used concept, but few systematic frameworks model the full scope and structure of the food and nutrition system. Bibliographic searches, a modified Delphi technique, focus groups and interviews with experts on the topic were conducted to identify existing models of agriculture, food, nutrition, health and environmental systems. These models were examined, classified and synthesized into an integrated conceptual model of the food and nutrition system. Few existing models broadly described the system and most focused on one disciplinary perspective or one segment of the system. Four major types of models were identified: food chains, food cycles, food webs and food contexts. The integrated model developed here included three subsystems (producer, consumer, nutrition) and nine stages (production, processing, distribution, acquisition, preparation, consumption, digestion, transport, metabolism). The integrated model considers the processes and transformations that occur within the system and relationships between the system and other systems in the biophysical and social environments. The integrated conceptual model of the food and nutrition system presents food and nutrition activities as part of a larger context and identifies linkages among the many disciplines that deal with the food and nutrition system. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sobal, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Room 303,MVR Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 63 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 47 IS 7 BP 853 EP 863 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00104-X PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 107JM UT WOS:000075204700002 PM 9722106 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Aberle-Grasse, J Rawal, BD Stramer, SL Williams, AE Satten, GA Janssen, RS AF Busch, MP Aberle-Grasse, J Rawal, BD Stramer, SL Williams, AE Satten, GA Janssen, RS TI Sensitivity of confidential unit exclusion and anti-HBc and syphilis tests for detection of recent vs longstanding HIV infections in blood donors. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ARC, Rockville, MD USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1998 VL 38 IS 10 SU S MA S267 BP 72S EP 72S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 124FM UT WOS:000076171800287 ER PT J AU Weiblen, BJ Manak, MM Garrett, PE Lal, RB Pieniazek, D Fridlund, C Pau, CP Busch, MP Machado, D AF Weiblen, BJ Manak, MM Garrett, PE Lal, RB Pieniazek, D Fridlund, C Pau, CP Busch, MP Machado, D TI Performance of HIV RNA assays with various HIV subtypes. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BBI, W Bridgewater, MA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. IMBC, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1998 VL 38 IS 10 SU S MA S295 BP 79S EP 79S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 124FM UT WOS:000076171800315 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Rawal, BD Watenabe, K Schreiber, GB Satten, GA Janssen, RS AF Busch, MP Rawal, BD Watenabe, K Schreiber, GB Satten, GA Janssen, RS CA REDS Study & CDC TI HIV incidence in first time vs. repeat blood donors. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1998 VL 38 IS 10 SU S MA S300 BP 80S EP 80S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 124FM UT WOS:000076171800320 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Aberle-Grasse, J Rawal, BD Stramer, SL Williams, AE Satten, GA Janssen, RS AF Busch, MP Aberle-Grasse, J Rawal, BD Stramer, SL Williams, AE Satten, GA Janssen, RS TI Demographic correlates of HIV incidence among first-time blood donors. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. ARC, Rockville, MD USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1998 VL 38 IS 10 SU S MA S301 BP 81S EP 81S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 124FM UT WOS:000076171800321 ER PT J AU Tibbals, MA Leiby, DA Herwaldt, BL Herron, RM AF Tibbals, MA Leiby, DA Herwaldt, BL Herron, RM TI Evidence of circulating parasites in Trypanosoma cruzi seropositive blood donors. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARC, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ARC, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1998 VL 38 IS 10 SU S MA S391 BP 103S EP 103S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 124FM UT WOS:000076171800411 ER PT J AU Mungai, MW Kachur, SP Tegtmeier, GE Pieniazek, NJ Siemenda, SB Parise, ME AF Mungai, MW Kachur, SP Tegtmeier, GE Pieniazek, NJ Siemenda, SB Parise, ME TI Transfusion-transmitted malaria in the United States, 1963-1998. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Community Blood Ctr Greater Kansas City, Kansas City, MO USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1998 VL 38 IS 10 SU S MA S393 BP 104S EP 104S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 124FM UT WOS:000076171800413 ER PT J AU Brown, J Matthews, AL Sandstrom, PA Chapman, LE AF Brown, J Matthews, AL Sandstrom, PA Chapman, LE TI Xenotransplantation and the risk of retroviral zoonosis SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN SERUM; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; C VIRUSES; CELLS; TRANSPLANTATION; SENSITIZATION; PERSPECTIVE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; ANTIBODY AB It is hypothesized that xenotransplantation could facilitate the emergence of new human pathogens. Retroviruses might pose the greatest public health risk because of the possibility of undetected transmission within a population. Evidence from naturally occurring retroviral zoonoses and cross-species infections by animal retroviruses provides a basis for reasoned speculation on the risks posed by xenotransplantation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 6 IS 10 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01347-X PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 129LC UT WOS:000076463800018 PM 9807786 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Angulo, FJ Tauxe, RV AF Rowe, AK Angulo, FJ Tauxe, RV TI A lime in a litre rapidly kills toxogenic Vibrio cholerae O1 SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIC; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 28 IS 4 BP 247 EP 248 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 130VW UT WOS:000076541900025 PM 9803858 ER PT J AU Haws, JM Morgan, GT Pollack, AE Koonin, LM Magnani, RJ Gargiullo, PM AF Haws, JM Morgan, GT Pollack, AE Koonin, LM Magnani, RJ Gargiullo, PM TI Clinical aspects of vasectomies performed in the United States in 1995 SO UROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NO-SCALPEL VASECTOMY; SPERM; INTERPOSITION AB Objectives. Currently, no surveillance system collects data on the numbers and characteristics of vasectomies performed annually in the United States. This study provides nationwide data on the numbers of vasectomies and the use of no-scalpel vasectomy, various occlusion methods, fascial interposition, and protocols for analyzing semen after vasectomy. Methods. A retrospective mail survey (with telephone follow-up) was conducted of 1800 urology, family practice, and general surgery practices drawn from the American Medical Association's Physician Master File and stratified by specialty and census region. Mail survey and telephone follow-up yielded an 88% response rate. Results. In 1995, approximately 494,000 vasectomies are estimated to have been performed by 15,800 physicians in the United States. Urologists performed 76% of all vasectomies, and nearly all (93%) urology practices performed vasectomies in 1995. Nearly one third (29%) of vasectomies in 1995 were no-scalpel vasectomies, and 37% of physicians performing no-scalpel vasectomies taught themselves the procedure. The most common occlusion method in 1995 (used for 38% of all vasectomies) was concurrent use of ligation and cautery. In 1995, slightly less than half (48%) of all physicians surveyed interposed the fascial sheath over one end of the vas when performing a vasectomy. Protocols for ensuring azoospermia varied: 56% of physicians required one postvasectomy semen specimen; 39% required two, and 5%, three or more. Conclusions. No-scalpel vasectomy, used by nearly one third of U.S. physicians, has become an accepted part of urologic care. Physicians' variations in occlusion methods, use of fascial interposition, and postvasectomy protocols underscore the need for large scale, controlled, and statistically valid studies to determine the efficacy of occlusion methods and fascial interposition, as well as whether azoospermia is the only determination of a successful vasectomy. UROLOGY 52: 685-691, 1998. (C) 1998, Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 AVSC Int, New York, NY 10016 USA. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Haws, JM (reprint author), AVSC Int, 79 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0090-4295 J9 UROLOGY JI UROLOGY PD OCT PY 1998 VL 52 IS 4 BP 685 EP 691 DI 10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00274-X PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 123ZF UT WOS:000076155100032 PM 9763094 ER PT J AU Yu, ZY Karem, KL Kanangat, S Manickan, E Rouse, BT AF Yu, ZY Karem, KL Kanangat, S Manickan, E Rouse, BT TI Protection by minigenes: a novel approach of DNA vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE epitope; DNA vaccine; HSV ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; GLYCOPROTEIN-D; T-LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION; INVITRO; TYPE-1; CELLS; RECOGNITION; EPITOPES AB To test the principle that genetically engineered epitopes in a plasmid DNA can efficiently induce specific immunity, a minigene cassette encoding cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T and B cell epitopes from herpes simplex virus (HSV) was constructed and placed in an expression vector named pcMini. Following immunizations with pcMini, mice developed epitope-specific CTLs comparable to the response induced by live HSV. Less effective but detectable antibody, lymphoproliferative, and T cell cytokine responses were also produced, In addition, pcMini-primed mice elicited a recall response upon restimulation with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HSV antigen. The protection provided by minigene vaccination was significant, although not as efficient as live virus vaccine. The DNA minigene approach may prove useful to define and induce immune responses against minimal antigenic determinants. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Immunol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Heska Corp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. NIKKD, Liver Dis Sect, DDB, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yu, ZY (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Immunol, 828 Guggenheim Bldg,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-14981] NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT PY 1998 VL 16 IS 17 BP 1660 EP 1667 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 107RC UT WOS:000075222200011 PM 9713944 ER PT J CA Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prev Hlth Promot Natl Ctr Hlth Stat TI Maternal mortality - United States, 1982-1946 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 705-707, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PREGNANCY-RELATED MORTALITY C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 12 BP 1042 EP 1043 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 121FJ UT WOS:000076002400012 ER PT J CA Advisory Comm Immun Pract Am Acad Family Physicians Am Acad Pediat CDC TI Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians: Use of reminder and recall by vaccination providers to increase vaccination rates (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 715-717, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Acad Family Physicians, Kansas City, MO USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 12 BP 1043 EP 1043 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 121FJ UT WOS:000076002400013 ER PT J AU Meng, JH Pillot, J Dai, X Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE AF Meng, JH Pillot, J Dai, X Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE TI Neutralization of different geographic strains of the hepatitis E virus with anti-hepatitis E virus-positive serum samples obtained from different sources SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; OPEN-READING FRAME-2; TRANSMITTED NON-A; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; C VIRUS; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIGENIC EPITOPES; MOLECULAR-CLONING AB A recently developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based cell culture neutralization assay was used to investigate cross-neutralization of known hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains obtained from various HEV-endemic regions of the world with different anti-HEV-positive serum samples. Serum specimens obtained from cynomolgus macaques experimentally infected with strains from Burma, Mexico, or Pakistan cross-neutralized the infectivity of each strain as well as an isolate from Morocco. Serum samples obtained either from infected patients who reside in HEV-endemic regions of the world or from U.S. residents who became infected while traveling to such regions also neutralized all four strains. In contrast, antibodies obtained from rabbits immunized with full-length Burma strain ORF2 protein neutralized only the Burma and Pakistan strains, not the Mexico or Morocco strains. In addition, antibodies obtained from guinea pigs immunized with an N-terminal truncated Burma strain ORF2 protein neutralized each strain except the Morocco strain. These data strongly suggest that antibodies elicited during an HEV infection demonstrate broad HEV neutralizing activity, whereas antibodies elicited after immunization with recombinant Burma ORF2 protein demonstrate a more limited ability to neutralize various HEV strains obtained from different regions of the world endemic for the disease. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nanjing Railway Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. Inst Pasteur, Unite Immunol Microbienne, Paris, France. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Dermatol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Meng, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ZTAO@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 1998 VL 249 IS 2 BP 316 EP 324 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9346 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 128BD UT WOS:000076384600012 PM 9791023 ER PT J AU Donato, KA Pi-Sunyer, FX Becker, DM Bouchard, C Carleton, RA Colditz, GA Dietz, WH Foreyt, JP Garrison, RJ Grundy, SM Hansen, BC Higgins, M Hill, JO Howard, BV Kuczmarski, RJ Kumanyika, S Legako, RD Prewitt, TE Rocchini, AP Snetselaar, LG Weintraub, M Williamson, DF Wilson, GT Brown, CD Ernst, N Hill, DR Horan, MJ Kiley, JP Obarzanck, E Hubbard, VS Schriger, D Chiquette, E AF Donato, KA Pi-Sunyer, FX Becker, DM Bouchard, C Carleton, RA Colditz, GA Dietz, WH Foreyt, JP Garrison, RJ Grundy, SM Hansen, BC Higgins, M Hill, JO Howard, BV Kuczmarski, RJ Kumanyika, S Legako, RD Prewitt, TE Rocchini, AP Snetselaar, LG Weintraub, M Williamson, DF Wilson, GT Brown, CD Ernst, N Hill, DR Horan, MJ Kiley, JP Obarzanck, E Hubbard, VS Schriger, D Chiquette, E CA Expert Panel Identification, Evaluation, T TI Executive summary of the clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB An estimated 97 million adults in the United States are overweight or obese, a condition that substantially raises their risk of morbidity from hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, and endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancers.(1) Higher body weights are also associated with increases in all-cause mortality. Obese individuals may also suffer from social stigmatization and discrimination. As a major contributor to preventive death in the United States today, overweight and obesity pose a major public health challenge. C1 Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Laval, St Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Pawtucket, RI USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Prime Care Canyon Pk Family Phys Inc, Edmond, OK USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Univ Hlth Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. US FDA, Off Drug Evaluat 5, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Eating Disorders Clin, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Donato, KA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. RI Hansen, Barbara/J-8723-2012; Bouchard, Claude/A-7637-2009; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Hansen, Barbara/0000-0001-9646-3525; Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 4 TC 409 Z9 415 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 17 BP 1855 EP 1867 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124DV UT WOS:000076166800001 ER PT J AU Simonsen, L Conn, LA Pinner, RW Teutsch, S AF Simonsen, L Conn, LA Pinner, RW Teutsch, S TI Trends in infectious disease hospitalizations in the United States, 1980-1994 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB Background: A recent study concluded that between 1980 and 1992, deaths from infectious diseases increased 58%. This article explores trends in infectious diseases as a cause of hospitalization. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Hospitalization Discharge Survey for 1980 through 1994 using a previously developed approach to evaluate infectious diseases in data coded according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision. Results: Between 1980 and 1994, the rate of hospitalizations in the United States declined approximately 33%; hospitalizations occurred at a rate of 133 +/- 5 per 1000 US population (35 million +/- 1 million discharges) in 1994. The rate of hospitalization for infectious diseases declined less steeply - 12% during this interval - resulting in an increased proportion of hospitalizations because of infectious diseases. In 1994, the rate of hospitalizations for infectious diseases was 15.4 +/- 0.7 per 1000 US population (4.0 million +/- 0.2 million discharges). The fatality rate associated with hospitalizations for infectious diseases increased from 1.9% +/- 0.1% to 4.0% +/- 0.3%, attributable to increased hospitalizations of elderly persons and an increased fatality rate among those younger than 65 years. Among selected categories, hospitalizations for human immunodeficiency virus infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, prosthetic device infections, sepsis, and mycosis increased substantially, and hospitalizations for upper respiratory tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and oral infections declined sharply. Hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections constituted 37% of all infectious disease hospitalizations in 1994. Conclusions: Considering hospitalizations as a dimension of the burden of infectious diseases involves an array of factors: secular trends in hospitalization, changing case management practices, demographic changes, and trends in the variety of infectious diseases themselves. Increases in the proportions of hospitalizations because of infectious diseases during years when hospitalizations for all causes were decreasing reflect an increasing burden of infectious diseases in the United States between 1989 and the mid-1990s. C1 Ctr Dis Control, NCID, OD, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. TRW Co Inc, Govt Informat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pinner, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCID, OD, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Mail Stop C12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 13 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 28 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 17 BP 1923 EP 1928 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.17.1923 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 124DV UT WOS:000076166800009 PM 9759689 ER PT J AU Sirimanne, SR Patterson, DG Ma, L Justice, JB AF Sirimanne, SR Patterson, DG Ma, L Justice, JB TI Application of cloud-point extraction-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography - A preliminary study of the extraction and quantification of vitamins A and E in human serum and whole blood SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE cloud-point extraction; vitamins; retinol; alpha-tocopherol ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PLASMA; PRECONCENTRATION; RETINOL; CANCER; LYCOPENE AB Methods available for quantification of vitamins A and E in serum or blood requires preconcentration and clean-up by liquid-liquid extraction, evaporation of the extract, and reconstitution of the extract in a solvent of choice before analysis. This process not only involves the use of toxic organic solvents but also requires a long sample preparation time. The lipids and other non-polar coextractants often require additional steps for sample clean-up and evaporation, which may cause sample losses. The use of cloud-point extraction eliminates most of these sample clean-up problems. We recently demonstrated that cloud-point extraction (CPE) can be used for extraction and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) from human serum. We now demonstrate how CPE can be used with human serum and blood, at volumes as low as 50 mu l, and report a methodology for extracting and quantifying two clinically important vitamins, (A and E) from human serum and blood. Vitamins A and E were extracted from human serum and blood by using Genapol X-80 as the cloud-point extractant under salting out conditions. Serum and blood samples were diluted in organic-free water to get sufficiently large sample volumes for CPE. The surfactant-rich phases were separated by centrifugation, and the samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV after deleterious coextractants were removed by precipitating them with acetonitrile. The recoveries of spiked vitamins A and E were found to be 85.6+/-0.4% and 82.6+/-5.2%, respectively. The average concentration of vitamins A and E in a serum pool after correction for recoveries were found to be 43.4+/-1.8 mu g/dl (1.5 +/- 0.1 mu mol/l) and 564.3 +/- 65.3 mu g/dl (13.1 +/- 1.5 mu mol/l), respectively. Vitamin A and E concentrations in whole blood were found to be 26.3+/-0.4 mu g/dl (0.92+/-0.01 mu mol/l) and 457.5+/-15.6 mu g/dl (10.6+/-0.4 mu mol/l), respectively. These values are comparable with those obtained by the reference method used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The success of the preliminary study will lead to a comprehensive validation of this method for vitamins A and E in serum and blood. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science BN. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sirimanne, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD SEP 25 PY 1998 VL 716 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00287-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 129UM UT WOS:000076482100014 PM 9824225 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Ribot, EM Barrett, TJ AF Glynn, MK Ribot, EM Barrett, TJ TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium infections - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 24 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 13 BP 922 EP 922 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 121VY UT WOS:000076037400013 ER PT J AU Dimandja, JMD Kaljurand, M Phillips, JB Valentin, J AF Dimandja, JMD Kaljurand, M Phillips, JB Valentin, J TI Maximum entropy chromatogram reconstruction SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE maximum entropy deconvolution; data processing; signal to noise ratio AB Maximum entropy has been successfully applied to problems of optical images and NMR spectroscopy. In this paper, we present the results of maximum entropy deconvolution applied to simulated and real chromatographic data. A brief theoretical discussion is given. The technique is tested both qualitatively and quantitatively using simulated data. Peak resolution can be dramatically improved but quantitative accuracy is limited. The technique is applied to a re-analysis of Pioneer Venus chromatographic data and to storage column data. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Exobiol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Kaljurand, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS F17,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD SEP 21 PY 1998 VL 371 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00271-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 118FH UT WOS:000075827400001 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG Clark, GG Gubler, DJ Reiter, P Sanders, RJ Vorndam, AV AF Rigau-Perez, JG Clark, GG Gubler, DJ Reiter, P Sanders, RJ Vorndam, AV TI Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BORNE DISEASE-CONTROL; AEDES-AEGYPTI; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SHOCK SYNDROME; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; VECTOR CONTROL; RISK-FACTORS AB The incidence and geographical distribution of dengue have greatly increased in recent years. Dengue is an acute mosquito-transmitted viral disease characterised ny fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, rash, nausea, and vomiting. Some infections result in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), a syndrome that in its most severe form can threaten the patient's life, primarily through increased vascular permeability and shock. The case fatality rate in patients with dengue shock syndrome can be as high as 44%. For decades, two distinct hypotheses to explain the mechanism of DHF have been debated-secondary infection or viral virulence. However, a combination of both now seems to be the plausible explanation. The geographical expansion of DHF presents the need for well-documented clinical, epidemiological, and virological descriptions of the syndrome; in the Americas. Biological and social research are essential to develop effective mosquito control, medications to reduce capillary leakage, and a safe tetravalent vaccine. C1 CDC, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, San Juan, PR USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), CDC, Dengue Branch, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. EM Jor1@cdc.gov NR 95 TC 466 Z9 493 U1 3 U2 49 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 19 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9132 BP 971 EP 977 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)12483-7 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 121FG UT WOS:000076002200039 PM 9752834 ER PT J AU Daily, P Gelling, L Mukerjee, N Rothrock, G Reingold, A Vugia, D Waterman, S Morin, C Phan, Q Barrett, N Mshar, P Hadler, JL Baughman, W Farley, M Stephens, D Blake, P Toomey, K Billmann, L Harrison, L Dwyer, DM Rainbow, J Osterholm, M Hathaway, B Morse, D Smith, P Stefonek, K Fleming, D Barnes, B Lefkowitz, L AF Daily, P Gelling, L Mukerjee, N Rothrock, G Reingold, A Vugia, D Waterman, S Morin, C Phan, Q Barrett, N Mshar, P Hadler, JL Baughman, W Farley, M Stephens, D Blake, P Toomey, K Billmann, L Harrison, L Dwyer, DM Rainbow, J Osterholm, M Hathaway, B Morse, D Smith, P Stefonek, K Fleming, D Barnes, B Lefkowitz, L TI Adoption of hospital policies for prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 665-670, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Vet Adm Med Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Maryland State Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Dept Human Resources, State Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, ABCs & Emerging Infect Program Network, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daily, P (reprint author), Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 16 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 11 BP 958 EP 959 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 119JC UT WOS:000075891400010 ER PT J AU Fukuda, K Nisenbaum, R Stewart, G Thompson, WW Robin, L Washko, RM Noah, DL Barrett, DH Randall, B Herwaldt, BL Mawle, AC Reeves, WC AF Fukuda, K Nisenbaum, R Stewart, G Thompson, WW Robin, L Washko, RM Noah, DL Barrett, DH Randall, B Herwaldt, BL Mawle, AC Reeves, WC TI Chronic multisymptom illness affecting Air Force veterans of the Gulf War SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-DESERT-SHIELD; PERSIAN-GULF; US VETERANS; HEALTH; STORM; MISSISSIPPI; INFECTION; MORTALITY; PERSONNEL; DISEASES AB Context.-Gulf War (GW) veterans report nonspecific symptoms significantly more often than their nondeployed peers. However, no specific disorder has been identified, and the etiologic basis and clinical significance of their symptoms remain unclear. Objectives.-To organize symptoms reported by US Air Force GW veterans into a case definition, to characterize clinical features, and to evaluate risk factors. Design.-Cross-sectional population survey of individual characteristics and symptoms and clinical evaluation (including a structured interview, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, psychiatric screening, physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, and serologic assays for antibodies against viruses, rickettsia, parasites, and bacteria) conducted in 1995, Participants and Setting.-The cross-sectional questionnaire survey included 3723 currently active volunteers, irrespective of health status or GW participation, from 4 air force populations,The cross-sectional clinical evaluation included 158 GW veterans from one unit, irrespective of health status. Main Outcome Measures.-Symptom-based case definition; case prevalence rate for GW veterans and nondeployed personnel; clinical and laboratory findings among veterans who met the case definition. Results.-We defined a case as having 1 or more chronic symptoms from at least 2 of 3 categories (fatigue, mood-cognition, and musculoskeletal). The prevalence of mild-to-moderate and severe cases was 39% and 6%, respectively, among 1155 GW veterans compared with 14% and 0.7% among 2520 nondeployed personnel. Illness was not associated with time or place of deployment or with duties during the war. Fifty-nine clinically evaluated GW veterans (37%) were noncases, 86 (54%) mild-to-moderate cases, and 13 (8%) severe cases, Although no physical examination, laboratory, or serologic findings identified cases, veterans who met the case definition had significantly diminished functioning and well-being. Conclusions.-Among currently active members of 4 Air Force populations, a chronic multisymptom condition was significantly associated with deployment to the GW. The condition was not associated with specific GW exposures and also affected nondeployed personnel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 337 Z9 338 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 16 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 11 BP 981 EP 988 DI 10.1001/jama.280.11.981 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 119JC UT WOS:000075891400031 PM 9749480 ER PT J AU Richards, MJ Edwards, JR Culver, DH Gaynes, RP AF Richards, MJ Edwards, JR Culver, DH Gaynes, RP CA Natl Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Syst TI Nosocomial infections in Coronary Care Units in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in Coronary, Care Units (CCUs) in the United States, we analyzed data collected between 1992 and 1997 using the standard protocols of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Intensive Care Unit (ICU) surveillance component. Data on 227,451 patients with 6,698 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Urinary tract infections (35%), pneumonia (24%), and primary bloodstream infections (17%) were almost always associated with use of an invasive device (93% with a urinary catheter, 82% with a ventilator, 82% with a central line, respectively). The distribution of pathogens differed from that reported from other types of ICUs. Staphylococcus aureus (21%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (27%) from urine. Only 10% of reported urine isolates were Candida albicans. S. aureus (24%) was the more common bloodstream isolate than enterococci (10%). The mean overall patient infection rate was 2.7 infections per 100 patients. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, number of hospital beds, number of CCU beds, or the hospital teaching affiliation, and were the best rates for comparisons between units. Use of invasive devices was lower than in other types of ICUs. Overall patient infection rates were lower than in other types of ICUs,which is largely explained by lower rates of invasive device usage. (C) 1998 by Excerpta Medico, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop E55,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1998 VL 82 IS 6 BP 789 EP 793 DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00450-0 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 122CK UT WOS:000076053100016 PM 9761092 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Talaska, G Mueller, CA Ammenheuser, MM Au, WW Fajen, JM Fleming, LE Briggle, T Ward, E AF Calvert, GM Talaska, G Mueller, CA Ammenheuser, MM Au, WW Fajen, JM Fleming, LE Briggle, T Ward, E TI Genotoxicity in workers exposed to methyl bromide SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE methylbromide; micronucleus; biological marker; fumigation; smoking; mutagenicity test; hprt mutation ID SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; HPRT MUTANT LYMPHOCYTES; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY; HUMAN-BLOOD; 6-THIOGUANINE-RESISTANT LYMPHOCYTES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; INHALATION TOXICITY; CYTOGENETIC DAMAGE AB To address the genotoxicity of in vivo methyl bromide (CAS 74-83-9) exposure in humans, we collected blood and oropharyngeal cells as part of a cross-sectional morbidity study of methyl bromide-exposed fumigation workers and their referents. Micronuclei were measured in lymphocytes and oropharyngeal cells, and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene (hprt) mutations were measured in lymphocytes. A total of 32 workers and 28 referents provided specimens. Among current non-smokers, mean hprt variant frequencies (Vfs) were found to be elevated among workers compared to referents (geometric mean: workers = 4.49 x 10(-6), referents = 2.96 x 10(-6); two-sided p = 0.22); this difference was more pronounced among workers with 4 h or more of recent methyl bromide exposure compared to referents (geometric mean: workers = 6.56 x 10(-6), referents = 2.96 x 10(-6); two-sided p = 0.06). Mean oropharyngeal cell micronuclei were higher among workers compared to referents (mean: workers = 2.00, referents = 1.31; two-sided p = 0.08); the results were similar when workers with 4 h or more of recent methyl bromide exposure were compared to referents (mean: workers = 2.07, referents = 1.31; two-sided p = 0.13). No consistent differences between workers and referents were observed for frequencies of kinetochore-negative lymphocyte micronuclei, or kinetochore-positive lymphocyte micronuclei. The study was limited by a sample size sufficient only for detecting relatively large differences, absence of a reliable method to measure the intensity of workplace methyl bromide exposures, and relatively infrequent methyl bromide exposure (e.g., the median length of exposure to methyl bromide during the 2 weeks preceding the survey was 4 h). In conclusion, our findings provide some evidence that methyl bromide exposure may be associated with genotoxic effects in lymphocytes and oropharyngeal cells. Further study on the genotoxicity of methyl bromide exposure in humans is warranted. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Div Environm Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD SEP 11 PY 1998 VL 417 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00105-3 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 121TP UT WOS:000076030300007 PM 9733941 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Rudolph, DL Owen, SM Spira, TJ Lal, RB AF Xiao, LH Rudolph, DL Owen, SM Spira, TJ Lal, RB TI Adaptation to promiscuous usage of CC and CXC-chemokine coreceptors in vivo correlates with HIV-1 disease progression SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE pathogenesis; receptor; virus-cell interaction ID CD4(+) T-CELLS; INFECTION; INDIVIDUALS; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION AB Objective: To study coreceptor usage of sequential primary HIV-1 isolates in a longitudinal follow-up cohort of HIV-1-infected men to understand its contribution to pathogenesis of HIV disease. Design: Viral coreceptor usage of sequential primary isolates from HIV-1-infected individuals was examined at various timepoints and data was compared with CD4 cell counts, rates of disease progression and beta-chemokine production. Methods: Fifty-eight sequential primary isolates were obtained from four rapid progressors, six late progressors, and three long-term nonprogressors (LTNP) and their coreceptor usage was examined by infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from donors with wild-type or non-functional CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-5, and by infection of GHOST4 cells expressing CD4 and various chemokine receptors [CCR-1-CCR-5, CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4, BOB/GPR15/ BONZO/STRL33]. Production of RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 beta was examined using unstimulated or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC isolated from these individuals at multiple timepoints during infection. Results: A switch from single CCR-5 coreceptor usage to multiple coreceptor usage occurred in all four rapid progressors and three out of six late progressors. In addition to the commonly used coreceptors CXCR-4, CCR-5, and CCR-3, some of the viruses isolated from patients in the terminal stage of infection also used CCR-1, CCR-2b, CCR-4, and BOB as coreceptors. The emergence of viral variants capable of utilizing multiple coreceptors generally preceded CD4 cell decline to < 200 x 10(6)/l and correlated with the onset of AIDS. In contrast, three LTNP maintained exclusive usage of CCR-5 over a period of 7-12 years post-infection. Endogenous production of RANTES and MIP-1 beta by PBMC from LTNP was not significantly different from rapid and late progressors. However, PHA-driven production of both chemokines was significantly higher in LTNP, suggesting that in vivo activating stimuli might curtail HIV replication by inducing these chemokines. Conclusions: Viral variants capable of utilizing a broad range of coreceptors correlated with HIV-1 disease progression. In contrast, LTNP maintain exclusive usage of CCR-5 and produce higher levels of beta-chemokines. Thus, both viral and host determinants leading to the emergence of viral variants capable of using an expanded range of coreceptors may be likely determinants of disease progression. (C) 1998 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Immunol Sect, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Retrovirus Dis Branch, Immunol Sect, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 24 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 10 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 13 BP F137 EP F143 DI 10.1097/00002030-199813000-00001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 119HR UT WOS:000075890300001 PM 9764773 ER PT J AU Haldeman, GA Rashidee, A Horswell, R AF Haldeman, GA Rashidee, A Horswell, R TI Changes in mortality from heart failure - United States, 1980-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 633-637, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT; TRENDS C1 Louisiana Hlth Care Review Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Haldeman, GA (reprint author), Louisiana Hlth Care Review Inc, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 10 BP 874 EP 875 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115LN UT WOS:000075666600013 ER PT J AU Hanzlick, R AF Hanzlick, R TI National autopsy data dropped from the National Center for Health Statistics database SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hanzlick, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 9 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 10 BP 886 EP 886 DI 10.1001/jama.280.10.886 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115LN UT WOS:000075666600033 PM 9739971 ER PT J AU Tsai, TF Popovici, F Cernescu, C Campbell, GL Nedelcu, NI Laurentia, V Spantulescu, L Chitu, V Ruta, S Tardei, G Craciun, D Nicolaiciuc, D Pitigoi, D Ceianu, C Nicolescu, G Ungureanu, A Vladimirescu, LA Deubel, V LeGuenno, B Han, L Savage, H Tengelsen, L Tengelsen, EA Knauert, F Mangiafico, JA Rossi, C AF Tsai, TF Popovici, F Cernescu, C Campbell, GL Nedelcu, NI Laurentia, V Spantulescu, L Chitu, V Ruta, S Tardei, G Craciun, D Nicolaiciuc, D Pitigoi, D Ceianu, C Nicolescu, G Ungureanu, A Vladimirescu, LA Deubel, V LeGuenno, B Han, L Savage, H Tengelsen, L Tengelsen, EA Knauert, F Mangiafico, JA Rossi, C CA Investigative Team TI West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID VIRUSES AB Background West Nile fever (WNF) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus infection endemic in Africa and Asia. In 1996, the first major WNF epidemic in Europe occurred in Romania, with a high rate of neurological infections. We investigated the epidemic to characterise transmission patterns in this novel setting and to determine its origin. Methods Hospital-based surveillance identified patients admitted with acute aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in 40 Romanian districts, including Bucharest. Infection was confirmed with IgM capture and indirect IgG ELISAs. In October, 1996, we surveyed outpatients in Bucharest and seven other districts to estimate seroprevalence and to detect infected patients not admitted to hospital. We also measured the rates of infection and seropositivity in mosquitoes and birds, respectively. Results Between July 15 and Oct 12, we identified 393 patients with serologically confirmed or probable WNF infection, of whom 352 had acute central-nervous-system infections. 17 patients older than 50 years died. Fatality/case ratio and disease incidence increased with age. The outbreak was confined to 14 districts In the lower Danube valley and Bucharest (attack rate 12.4/100 000 people) with a seroprevalence of 4.1%. The number of mild cases could not be estimated. WN virus was recovered from Culex pipiens mosquitoes, the most likely vector, and antibodies to WN virus were found in 41% of domestic fowl. Interpretation The epidemic in Bucharest reflected increased regional WNF transmission in 1996. Epidemics of Cx pipiens-borne WNF could occur in other European cities with conditions conducive to transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Bucharest Prevent Med Ctr, Bucharest, Romania. Inst Virol, Bucharest, Romania. Minist Hlth, Bucharest, Romania. Cantacuzino Inst, Bucharest, Romania. Ctr Natl Reference Fievres Hemorrag & Arbovirus, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. US Army Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Fort Detrick, MD USA. RP Tsai, TF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 31 TC 430 Z9 459 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 5 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9130 BP 767 EP 771 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)03538-7 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 117CH UT WOS:000075762700010 PM 9737281 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Rabkin, CS AF Selik, RM Rabkin, CS TI Cancer death rates associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; CERVICAL-CANCER; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK; MALIGNANCIES; HEMOPHILIA; LYMPHOMAS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD SEP 2 PY 1998 VL 90 IS 17 BP 1300 EP 1302 DI 10.1093/jnci/90.17.1300 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 115MJ UT WOS:000075668600015 PM 9731737 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR Willingham, M Goldstein, E AF Pinkerton, SD Holtgrave, DR Willingham, M Goldstein, E TI Cost-effectiveness analysis and HIV prevention community planning SO AIDS & PUBLIC POLICY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; CHILDBEARING AGE; BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; SCREENING WOMEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; PROGRAMS; AIDS C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Pinkerton, SD (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Ctr AIDS Intervent Res, Dept Psychiat & Behav Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV PUBLISHING GROUP PI HAGERSTOWN PA 17100 COLE RD #312, HAGERSTOWN, MD 21740-6901 USA SN 0887-3852 J9 AIDS PUBLIC POLICY J JI Aids Public Policy J. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3 BP 115 EP 127 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 186VR UT WOS:000079751300004 PM 10915279 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Beckett, LA Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Field, TS Evans, DA AF Morris, MC Beckett, LA Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Bennett, DA Field, TS Evans, DA TI Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of incident Alzheimer disease SO ALZHEIMER DISEASE & ASSOCIATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; Alzheimer disease; vitamins ID COMMUNITY POPULATION; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; DOWNS-SYNDROME; E CONSUMPTION; CAROTENOIDS; BRAIN; WOMEN AB Oxidative stress may play a role in neurologic disease. The present study examined the relation between use of vitamin E and vitamin C and incident Alzheimer disease in a prospective study of 633 persons 65 years and older. A stratified random sample was selected from a disease-free population. At baseline, all vitamin supplements taken in the previous 2 weeks were identified by direct inspection. After an average follow-up period of 4.3 years, 91 of the sample participants with vitamin information met accepted criteria for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. None of the 27 vitamin E supplement users had Alzheimer disease compared with 3.9 predicted based on the crude observed incidence among nonusers (p = 0.04) and 2.5 predicted based on age, sex, years of education, and length of follow-up interval (p = 0.23). None of the 23 vitamin C supplement users had Alzheimer disease compared with 3.3 predicted based on the crude observed incidence among nonusers (p = 0.10) and 3.2 predicted adjusted for age, sex, education, and follow-up, interval (p = 0.04). There was no relation between Alzheimer disease and use of multivitamins. These data suggest that use of the higher-dose vitamin E and vitamin C supplements may lower the risk of Alzheimer disease. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Aging Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Inst Aging, 1645 W Jackson,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05362, N01-AG-0-2107, N01-AG-1-2106] NR 29 TC 188 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0893-0341 J9 ALZ DIS ASSOC DIS JI Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 121 EP 126 DI 10.1097/00002093-199809000-00001 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 145DG UT WOS:000077355300001 PM 9772012 ER PT J CA CDC TI Toward an electronic death registration system in the United States - Report of the Steering Committee to reengineer the death registration process SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 120UM UT WOS:000075975800007 ER PT J AU Grosch, JW Alterman, T Petersen, MR Murphy, LR AF Grosch, JW Alterman, T Petersen, MR Murphy, LR TI Worksite health promotion programs in the US: Factors associated with availability and participation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE worksite health promotion; participation; health education; screening; exercise programs; occupation; health predictors ID EMPLOYEE FITNESS PROGRAM; RISK AB Purpose. To examine how the availability of and participation in worksite health pre motion programs varies as a function of individual (e.g., age), organizational (e.g., occupation), and health (e.g., high blood pressure) characteristics. Availability of worksite programs was also compared to that reported in two previous national surveys of private companies. Design. Data analyzed were from the 1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a national cross-sectional probability sample of the U.S. civilian population. Subjects. Five thousand two hundred nineteen NHIS respondents met the inclusion criteria of (1) being currently employed in a company of at least 50 employees, and (2) completing the NHIS section on worksite health promotion. Measures. Employees indicated the availability of and their participation in, 33 different types Of worksite programs. National Health Interview Survey data were also available regarding general health, blood pressure, body mess index, and medical conditions. Results. Smoking cessation programs had the highest mean availability (43 %), followed by health education programs (31 %) and screening tests (31 %). Overall, availability of worksite programs appeared comparable to that reported in a recent national survey. Participation ranged from 32 % for health education programs to 5 % for smoking cessation programs. Compared to availability, participation depended less on individual and organizational characteristics. Healthy employees were not consistently more likely to participate in worksite health promotion programs than nonhealthy employees. Conclusions. Although availability of worksite health promotion programs remains high, participation by employees in specific types of programs can vary widely. Attempts to increase participation should look beyond individual, health and organizational variables, to specific features of the work environment that encourage involvement in health promotion activities. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Grosch, JW (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. OI Alterman, Toni/0000-0003-1512-4367 NR 29 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 13 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 118UN UT WOS:000075858900008 PM 10186933 ER PT J AU Stayner, L Dankovic, D Smith, R Steenland, K AF Stayner, L Dankovic, D Smith, R Steenland, K TI Predicted lung cancer risk among miners exposed to diesel exhaust particles SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; diesel; lung cancer ID COAL-MINERS; CARBON-BLACK; RAILROAD WORKERS; ENGINE EMISSIONS; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; MORTALITY; RATS; INHALATION; TIME; EXPOSURES AB Several quantitative risk assessment models have been published for occupational and environmental exposures to diesel exhaust particles (DEP). These risk assessment models are reviewed and applied to predict lung cancer risks for miners exposed to DEP. The toxicologically based unit risk estimates varied widely (from 2 to 220 X 10(-6) per mu g/m(3)). The epidemiologically based unit risk estimates were less variable and suggest higher risks (from 100 to 920 X 10(-6) per mu g/m(3)). The wide range of risk estimates derived from these analyses reflects the strong assumptions and large uncertainties underlying these models. All of the models suggest relatively high risks (i.e., >1/1,000) for miners with long-term exposures greater than 1,000 mu g/m(3). This is not surprising, given the fact that miners may be exposed to DEP concentrations similar to those that induced lung cancer in rats and mice, and substantially higher than the exposure concentrations in the positive epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:207-219, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs C14, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Stayner, L (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs C14, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 72 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199809)34:3<207::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-S PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106AE UT WOS:000075106900002 PM 9698989 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Deddens, J Stayner, L AF Steenland, K Deddens, J Stayner, L TI Diesel exhaust and lung cancer in the trucking industry: Exposure-response analyses and risk assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diesel exhaust; lung cancer; risk assessment ID WORKERS AB Background Diesel exhaust is considered a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research an Cancer (IARC). The epidemiologic evidence rests an studies of lung cancer among truck drivers, bus drivers, shipyard workers, and railroad workers. The general public is exposed to diesel exhaust in ambient air Two regulatory agencies are now considering regulating levels of diesel exhaust: the California EPA (ambient levels) and the Mine Safety Health Administration (MSHA) (occupational levels). To date, there have been few quantitative exposure-response analyses of diesel exhaust and lung cancer based on human data. Methods We conducted exposure-response analyses among workers in the trucking industry, adjusted for smoking. Diesel exhaust exposure was estimated based on a 1990 industrial hygiene survey. Past exposures were estimated assuming that they were a function of 1) the plumber of heavy duty trucks on the road, 2) the particulate emissions (grams/mile) of diesel engines over time, and 3) leaks from trucks' exhaust systems for long-haul drivers. Results Regardless of assumptions about past exposure, all analyses resulted in significant positive trends in lung cancer risk with increasing cumulative exposure. A male truck driver exposed to 5 mu g/m(3) of elemental carbon (a typical exposure in 1990, approximately five times urban background levels) would have a lifetime excess risk of lung cancer of 1-2%, above a background risk of 5%. Conclusions We found a lifetime excess risk ten times higher than the 1 per 1,000 excess risk allowed by OSHA in setting regulations. There are about 2.8 million truck drivers in the U.S. Our results depend on estimates about unknown past exposures, and should be viewed as exploratory. They conform reasonably well to recent estimates for diesel-exposed railroad workers done by the California EPA, although those results themselves have been disputed Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:220-228, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 27 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199809)34:3<220::AID-AJIM3>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106AE UT WOS:000075106900003 PM 9698990 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI AF Tokars, JI TI Vancomycin use and antimicrobial resistance in hemodialysis centers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 32 IS 3 BP 521 EP 523 PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 116RA UT WOS:000075737300027 PM 9740174 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Aminoglycoside dosing: Timing is of the essence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID METAANALYSIS; EFFICACY; SINGLE; SAFETY; INTERVAL; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 105 IS 3 BP 256 EP 258 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 120XF UT WOS:000075982200015 PM 9753032 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Hogan, VK Grummer-Strawn, L Colville, WR Peterson, A AF Ahluwalia, IB Hogan, VK Grummer-Strawn, L Colville, WR Peterson, A TI The effect of WIC participation on small-for-gestational-age births: Michigan, 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; MEDICAID COSTS; PRENATAL-CARE; MISSOURI; WEIGHT; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM AB Objectives. This study examined the relationship between enrollment in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and delivery of small for-gestational-age infants. Methods. WIC records were linked with birth certificates for 1992 full-term births: 41234 WIC records and 18534 non-WIC records were identified Length of participation was defined by gestational age at enrolment. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between WIC participation and small-for-gestational-age births. Results. Odds ratios for small-for-gestational-age births decreased with increasing length of enrollment in WIG. Conclusions. Enrollment in WIC is associated with a lower prevalence of small-for-gestational-age deliveries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM iaa@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1374 EP 1377 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1374 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 115PD UT WOS:000075673100017 PM 9736880 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Nelson, DE Wilson, RW AF Anderson, JE Nelson, DE Wilson, RW TI Telephone coverage and measurement of health risk indicators: Data from the National Health Interview Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study compared health behavior variables for all US households and households with telephones to measure the potential impact of telephone coverage on estimates from telephone surveys. Methods. Data were derived fi-om the 1991 through 1994 versions of the National Health Interview Survey. Results. Ninety-five percent of respondents lived in households with telephones. Differences in health indicators were small (<1%) in comparisons between all households and those with telephones. Results were similar when only respondents below the poverty level were included. Conclusions. Telephone noncoverage effects appear to be small, supporting the use of telephone surveys for health risk behavior surveillance with most population groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1392 EP 1395 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.9.1392 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 115PD UT WOS:000075673100023 PM 9736886 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Mahon, B Mendoza, CE Passaro, D Cano, F Baier, K Racioppi, F Hutwagner, L Mintz, E AF Sobel, J Mahon, B Mendoza, CE Passaro, D Cano, F Baier, K Racioppi, F Hutwagner, L Mintz, E TI Reduction of fecal contamination of street-vended beverages in guatemala by a simple system for water purification and storage, handwashing, and beverage storage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; DRINKING-WATER; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; RISK; PERU AB Street-vended foods and beverages, an integral part of urban economies in the developing world, have been implicated in cholera transmission in Latin America. To improve the microbiologic quality of market-vended beverages in Guatemala, we tested a simple system consisting of dilute bleach (4.95% free available chlorine) for water purification, narrow-mouth plastic vessels with spigots for disinfecting and storing water and for preparing and storing beverages, handwashing soap, and education in using the system. We conducted a randomized controlled intervention trial among 41 vendors who received the intervention and 42 control vendors, comparing total and fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli contamination of market-vended beverages, stored water, and vendors' hands. Samples were obtained at baseline and at each of six weekly follow-up visits. At baseline, fecal coliform bacteria were found in 40 (48%) market-vended beverages and E. coli in 14 (17%). When compared with samples from control vendors, a significant decrease in total coliform (P < 0.001) and fecal coliform (P < 0.001) bacteria in samples of stored water and beverages sold by intervention vendors was observed over the course of the study. The vessel system was well accepted by vendors. This simple inexpensive system consisting of hypochlorite disinfectant, plastic vessels, soap, and education can significantly reduce fecal contamination of market-vended beverages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ 08905 USA. USEMB HHS, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit 3321, APO AA 34024, Guatemala City, Guatemala. WHO, European Ctr Environm & Hlth, I-0187 Rome, Italy. Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Procter & Gamble Co, Sharon Woods Tech Ctr, Corp Prod Dev Beauty Care, Cincinnati, OH 45241 USA. RP Mintz, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 380 EP 387 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 119RJ UT WOS:000075910700007 PM 9749629 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G Santos, A Noroes, J Amaral, F Addiss, D AF Dreyer, G Santos, A Noroes, J Amaral, F Addiss, D TI Ultrasonographic detection of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti using a 3.5-MHz transducer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; NORTHERN GHANA; SCROTAL AREA; IN-VIVO; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; IVERMECTIN; ANTIGENEMIA; ULTRASOUND; POPULATION AB Adult Wuchereria bancrofti can be readily detected by ultrasound in the lymphatic vessels of the spermatic cord with a 7.5-MHz transducer, but most ultrasound machines in developing countries are equipped with 3.5-MHz transducers. To assess the potential for ultrasound as a tool for diagnosis and epidemiologic assessment in lymphatic filariasis, we compared the performance of 3.5-MHz and 7.5-MHz transducers in 61 men in Recife, Brazil. All men had three ultrasound examinations using a 3.5 MHz transducer and an examination with a 7.5-MHz probe. Using the 7.5-MHz transducer, adult W. bancrofti were detected in 41 men; 81 adult worm nests were detected. Sixty-four (79%) nests were detected with the 3.5-MHz probe, each on all three examinations. The 3.5-MHz probe correctly identified 35 (85.4%) of 41 men as infected; sensitivity increased with lymphatic vessel diameter. Ultrasonographic examination with a 3.5-MHz transducer is a sensitive method for detection of adult W. bancrofti in men and merits consideration as a tool for rapid epidemiologic assessment. C1 FIOCRUZ, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Dept Parasitol, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, Recife, PE, Brazil. Mediax, Mem Imagem & Diagnost, Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), FIOCRUZ, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Dept Parasitol, Av Moraes Rego S-N Cidade Univ, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 119RJ UT WOS:000075910700011 PM 9749633 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Alfano, E AF Eberhard, ML Alfano, E TI Adult Toxocara cati infections in US children: Report of four cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB We report four cases of passage of subadult or adult Toxocara cati worms by young children ages 20 months to seven years. Worms were expelled rectally in two cases and in two cases they were vomited. A single worm was passed in two cases, three worms in one case, and 15 worms in the fourth case. All worms that were available for study were identified as T. cati by morphologic criteria, including the arrow-shaped cervical alae and the digitiform shape of the male tail. None of the four children exhibited clinical signs of ocular or visceral larva migrans, and in two cases where serum samples were available, neither child had a titer to Toxocara. These results further the argument that these children acquired the worms through the ingestion of immature worms passed by infected cats, not through the ingestion of infective eggs. Although the children were generally not ill as a result of these unusual infections, it does serve to reinforce the public health issue that potential serious consequences can occur where children have exposure to an environment that has been contaminated with cat feces, or, more specifically, infective eggs, and could become infected with larval forms of Toxocara. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 404 EP 406 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 119RJ UT WOS:000075910700012 PM 9749634 ER PT J AU Fanslow, JL Norton, RN Spinola, CG AF Fanslow, JL Norton, RN Spinola, CG TI Indicators of assault-related injuries among women presenting to the emergency department SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; BATTERED WOMEN AB Study objective: We sought to determine whether women presenting for treatment of assault-related injuries at a public hospital emergency department differed from those presenting for unintentional injuries with regard to a variety of demographic and presentation characteristics, nature and anatomic site of injury, and admission or follow-up treatment for injury. Methods: We conducted a random-sample retrospective medical record review of women aged 15 years and older who presented at either of 2 24-hour public-hospital emergency departments in Auckland, New Zealand. The characteristics of women identified as presenting with assault-related injuries on the basis of the record review were compared with those of women who presented for treatment of unintentional injuries. We also assessed the sensitivity and predictive value of nature and anatomic site of injury as markers of assault. Results: We reviewed 8,051 records, of which 2,966 (37%) involved an injury at presentation. Two hundred sixty patients (9%) were identified as victims of assault. Of those women who presented with assault-related injuries and had known assailants, most were likely injured by a partner or former partner. Women with assault-related injuries were more likely to be younger and of Maori or Pacific Islands origin. They were also more likely to present between the hours of 6 PM and 6 AM on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday and to have a greater history of prior presentations to the emergency department. Compared with patients who presented with unintentional injuries, women with assault-related injuries had a greater likelihood of presenting with contusions (odds ratio, 3.54; 95% confidence interval, 2.57 to 4.88); ill-defined signs and symptoms (odds ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.46 to 4.18); fractures of the head, spine, or trunk (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 3.53); and open wounds (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.61). Assault-related injuries most commonly involved the head (odds ratio, 12.8; 95% confidence interval, 9.33 to 17.68). Despite the strength of these associations, however, with regard to nature of injury the sensitivity and positive predictive value of these indicators were limited (sensitivity less than or equal to 26.5%, positive predictive value less than or equal to 24.3%). The maximum sensitivity for anatomic site as a marker for assault was found for injuries to the head (63.7%), but the positive predictive value was still low at 35.7%. Women with assault-related injuries were more likely than women with unintentional injuries to be discharged from the emergency department without referral for follow-up treatment and were more likely to leave the department without referral for follow-up treatment and were more likely to leave the department without completing treatment. Conclusions: Women identified as presenting with assault-related injuries differ from those who present with unintentional injuries in terms of their demographic and presentation characteristics, as well as the nature, anatomic site of injury, and follow-up treatment for injuries. Although some of this information has implications for service delivery to abused women, the use of clinical indicators such as nature and anatomic site of injury have limited predictive value. Therefore we recommend that health care providers routinely screen patients for assault, particularly assault by intimate partners, so that they may respond appropriately by providing better treatment and referral. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Family & Intimate Violence Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fanslow, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Family & Intimate Violence Prevent Team, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlf7@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 32 IS 3 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70011-3 PN 1 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 116RC UT WOS:000075737500009 PM 9737497 ER PT J AU Deitchman, S Decker, J Santis, L AF Deitchman, S Decker, J Santis, L TI A novel source of carbon monoxide poisoning: Explosives used in construction SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We describe an incident of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning caused by CO migrating through soil after nearby detonation of explosive charges. Employees worked in a newly installed, unconnected manhole without incident and finished shortly before underground explosives were detonated 50 feet south of the manhole to break up rock and soil. A worker entering the manhole 45 minutes after the explosion collapsed within minutes, as did two coworkers who rescued him. One worker died, and all had elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin. Air samples collected from the manhole 2 days after the incident showed 1,910 ppm CO; in laboratory detonations, sample explosive yielded 27 L CO per kilogram detonated. We believe the CO in this incident was released from the nearby explosion and migrated through soil and fractured rock into the manhole. The blasting and construction industries should be made aware of this previously unrecognized route of CO exposure. Additionally, confined-space procedures and training are needed to prevent future accidents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Deitchman, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE D40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 32 IS 3 BP 381 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70019-8 PN 1 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 116RC UT WOS:000075737500017 PM 9737505 ER PT J AU McDougal, LK Tenover, FC Lee, LN Rasheed, JK Patterson, JE Jorgensen, JH LeBlanc, DJ AF McDougal, LK Tenover, FC Lee, LN Rasheed, JK Patterson, JE Jorgensen, JH LeBlanc, DJ TI Detection of Tn917-like sequences within a Tn916-like conjugative transposon (Tn3872) in erythromycin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECALIS; COMPOSITE STRUCTURE; PLASMID DNA; ELEMENT; GENE; DETERMINANTS; TN1545; IDENTIFICATION AB A series of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS)-resistant pneumococcal isolates of a variety of serotypes was examined and was found to contain Tn917-like elements by DNA-DNA hybridization. Like Tn1545, Tn917 also encodes an ermAM gene but does not mediate resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analyses of the DNAs flanking three of the Tn917-like elements revealed that they were inserted into orf9 of a Tn916-like element in a composite transposon-like structure (Tn3872). Other MLS-resistant strains appeared to contain Tn1545-like elements that had suffered a deletion of sequences including the aphA-3 sequences responsible for kanamycin resistance. Thus, the MLS resistance phenotype in pneumococci appears to be mediated by the ermAM present on a much wider variety of genetic elements than was previously appreciated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch G08, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM FNT1@CDC.GOV NR 66 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 42 IS 9 BP 2312 EP 2318 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 116RB UT WOS:000075737400029 PM 9736555 ER PT J AU Robinson, JK Rigel, DS Amonette, RA AF Robinson, JK Rigel, DS Amonette, RA TI Sun-protection behaviors used by adults for their children - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 480-482, 1998) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 Amer Acad Dermatol, Schaumburg, IL 60178 USA. CDC, Canc Surveillance Br, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robinson, JK (reprint author), Amer Acad Dermatol, Schaumburg, IL 60178 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 134 IS 9 BP 1175 EP 1176 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 119ZY UT WOS:000075930200036 ER PT J AU Blalock, SJ Patterson, CC Dooley, MA DeVellis, RF Orenstein, D AF Blalock, SJ Patterson, CC Dooley, MA DeVellis, RF Orenstein, D TI Women's knowledge and beliefs concerning estrogen and osteoporosis risk-reduction. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 612 BP S134 EP S134 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215600613 ER PT J AU Helmick, CG Bender, B Perry, M Ramsey, F Mann, L Boeselager, G Breslosky, T Jackson-thompson, J AF Helmick, CG Bender, B Perry, M Ramsey, F Mann, L Boeselager, G Breslosky, T Jackson-thompson, J TI State-specific arthritis data from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Missouri State Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. Arizona State Dept Hlth, Phoenix, AZ USA. Kansas State Dept Hlth, Topeka, KS USA. Montana State Hlth Dept, Helena, MT USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 1823 BP S336 EP S336 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215601822 ER PT J AU Jonas, BL Gonzalez, EB McNicholl, JM Grayson, C Parker, RM Williams, MV Conn, DL Whitworth, W Callahan, LF AF Jonas, BL Gonzalez, EB McNicholl, JM Grayson, C Parker, RM Williams, MV Conn, DL Whitworth, W Callahan, LF TI Inadequate health literacy: Implications for patient education in rheumatoid arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Emory Univ, CDC, Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 1830 BP S337 EP S337 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215601829 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Salazar, AG Luta, G Renner, JB Rivadeneira, A Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG AF Jordan, JM Salazar, AG Luta, G Renner, JB Rivadeneira, A Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG TI Leg length discrepancy: A modifiable risk factor for knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA)? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 1918 BP S352 EP S352 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215601917 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Luta, G DeRoos, A Kohlmeier, L Renner, JB Craft, N Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG AF Jordan, JM Luta, G DeRoos, A Kohlmeier, L Renner, JB Craft, N Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG TI Naturally-occurring anti-oxidants may prevent knee osteoarthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 604 BP S133 EP S133 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215600605 ER PT J AU Murphy, FT Dennis, GJ George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V Morgan, OS Faghiri, Z Wilson, WA AF Murphy, FT Dennis, GJ George, R Kubota, K Fears, M Pope, V Morgan, OS Faghiri, Z Wilson, WA TI Discordance to cardiolipin and beta 2-glycoprotein-1 antibodies in HTLV-1-associated tropical spastic paraparesis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 1655 BP S308 EP S308 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215601654 ER PT J AU Whitworth, WC McNicholl, JM McDermott, TM Kuffner, T Jones, BL AF Whitworth, WC McNicholl, JM McDermott, TM Kuffner, T Jones, BL TI Tumor necrosis factor a microsatellite polymorphisms and TNF-DRB1 haplotypes in African Americans with rheumatoid arthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal London Hosp, Med Unit, London E1 1BB, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 SU S MA 183 BP S63 EP S63 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125AQ UT WOS:000076215600184 ER PT J AU Chaudhary-Webb, M Paschal, DC Elliott, WC Hopkins, HP Ghazi, AM Ting, BC Romieu, I AF Chaudhary-Webb, M Paschal, DC Elliott, WC Hopkins, HP Ghazi, AM Ting, BC Romieu, I TI ICP-MS determination of lead isotope ratios in whole blood, pottery, and leaded gasoline: Lead sources in Mexico City SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY; BONE AB Lead isotope ratios were measured with ICP-MS, using electrothermal vaporization for pottery, whole blood and leaded gasoline from residents of a small town in Mexico. Comparison was made of the isotope ratios Pb208/Pb204; Pb207/Pb204 and Pb208/Pb204. in ceramic cookware (pottery) and leaded gasoline and related whole blood specimens. It is apparent from the similarity of the two ratios that the predominant source of lead in this population is the ceramicware used for cooking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paschal, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI NORWALK PA 761 MAIN AVE, NORWALK, CT 06859-0105 USA SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 156 EP 163 PG 8 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 140RQ UT WOS:000077102500003 ER PT J AU Chen, HP Paschal, DC Miller, DT Morrow, JC AF Chen, HP Paschal, DC Miller, DT Morrow, JC TI Determination of total and inorganic mercury in whole blood by on-line digestion with flow injection SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; MICROWAVE SAMPLE PRETREATMENT; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; URINE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; REDUCTION; WATER AB This paper discusses the use of a commercially available now injection system for the determination of total and inorganic mercury in whole blood. The procedures are simple, fast, and fully automatic with very limited sample manipulation and low sample consumption. The detection limits were 0.14 and 0.45 m mu g/L for total and inorganic mercury measurements, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were about 10% for total mercury and less than 7% for inorganic mercury determination. The procedures are suitable for epidemiological studies in which large numbers of samples are processed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chen, HP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Mailstop F18,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hbc4@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI NORWALK PA 761 MAIN AVE, NORWALK, CT 06859-0105 USA SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 176 EP 179 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 140RQ UT WOS:000077102500007 ER PT J AU Alexander, GR Kogan, MD AF Alexander, GR Kogan, MD TI Ethnic differences in birth outcomes: The search for answers continues SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; WEIGHT; HEALTH; CARE; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; DURATION; INFANTS; DISEASE C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Alexander, GR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, 320 Ryals Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU PHS HHS [MCJ-9040] NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD SEP PY 1998 VL 25 IS 3 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536X.1998.00198.x PG 4 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 116LU UT WOS:000075727200007 PM 9767223 ER PT J AU Lotric-Furlan, S Petrovec, M Zupanc, TA Nicholson, WL Sumner, JW Childs, JE Strle, F AF Lotric-Furlan, S Petrovec, M Zupanc, TA Nicholson, WL Sumner, JW Childs, JE Strle, F TI Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Europe: Clinical and laboratory findings for four patients from Slovenia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Sesquiannual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Rickettsiology CY SEP 21-24, 1997 CL CHAMPION, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol ID NEW-YORK-STATE; LYME BORRELIOSIS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; HUMAN-DISEASE; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; INFECTION AB Febrile illnesses following a tick bite in patients from Slovenia were evaluated for an ehrlichial etiology, A case of acute human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was confirmed by seroconversion to the HGE agent or molecular identification of ehrlichial organisms. Acute infection with the HGE agent was confirmed in four patients. None of the patients had detectable antibodies to the HGE agent at their first visit, but polymerase chain reaction analysis was positive for three patients. All four patients subsequently seroconverted to the HGE agent as shown by high titers of antibody, Clinical features and laboratory findings were similar to those in reports from the United States, although the disease course was relatively mild in the Slovenian cases. All patients recovered rapidly and without sequelae, although only two received antibiotic therapy (of whom only one was treated with doxycycline). HGE is an emerging tick-borne disease in the United States and should now be included in the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses occurring after a tick bite in Europe. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ljubljana 1525, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lotric-Furlan, S (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Japljeva 2, Ljubljana 1525, Slovenia. NR 23 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 119VD UT WOS:000075917900002 PM 9770134 ER PT J AU Ing, MB Schantz, PM Turner, JA AF Ing, MB Schantz, PM Turner, JA TI Human coenurosis in North America: Case reports and review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 17-21, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION; CYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIGENS AB Coenurosis is a zoonotic disease of humans caused by the larval stage of Taenia (Multiceps) species. In North America, the adult tapeworm of Taenia (Multiceps) serialis is found in canids. The cystic larval forms (coenuri) are found in hares, rabbits, squirrels, and, rarely, in humans. We review in clinical detail the fifth case reported from North America, involving a child with extensive central nervous system involvement. We also report a sixth case, involving an adult with an intramuscular coenurus. The latter case was diagnosed by needle aspiration of the cyst. Although praziquantel administration may have been effective in killing the parasite in both patients, we are concerned about the production of marked inflammation as a result of treatment. The four other North American cases are reviewed, and the epidemiology of the infection in animals is discussed. C1 Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Infect Dis Sect 111M, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Sch Med, Loma Linda, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. RP Ing, MB (reprint author), Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv, Infect Dis Sect 111M, 11201 Benton St, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1086/514716 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 119VD UT WOS:000075917900019 PM 9770151 ER PT J AU Craig, AS Sockwell, DC Schaffner, W Moore, WL Skinner, JT Williams, IT Shaw, FE Shapiro, CN Beth, BP AF Craig, AS Sockwell, DC Schaffner, W Moore, WL Skinner, JT Williams, IT Shaw, FE Shapiro, CN Beth, BP TI Use of hepatitis A vaccine in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 124th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 17-21, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NEW YORK SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; A VACCINE; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN AB Hepatitis A outbreaks in communities are often difficult to control. From July 1994 through June 1995, 676 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Shelby County, Tennessee. With the Iicensure of a hepatitis A vaccine in February 1995, a new tool for outbreak control became available, During August-October 1995, a mass vaccination campaign was conducted. A total of 34,054 children received the first dose of hepatitis A vaccine. From December 1995 through December 1996, the number of hepatitis A cases reported inside the intervention area declined by 64%; outside the intervention area, the number of cases declined by 40%. The precise contribution of the vaccine campaign to the decline in the number of outbreak cases is difficult to quantify because community outbreaks often wane over time. The vac cine campaign may have hastened the decline of the number of outbreak cases. Future interventions should consider an earlier campaign with greater vaccine coverage. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Med Ctr N A1124, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Memphis & Shelby Cty Hlth Dept, Memphis, TN USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv Sect, Nashville, TN USA. Frederic E Shaw MD JD, Washington, DC USA. RP Schaffner, W (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Med Ctr N A1124, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 531 EP 535 DI 10.1086/514700 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 119VD UT WOS:000075917900021 PM 9770153 ER PT J AU Buchholz, UT McNeil, MM Keyes, LE Good, RC AF Buchholz, UT McNeil, MM Keyes, LE Good, RC TI Mycobacterium malmoense infections in the United States, January 1993 through June 1995 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY-DISEASE; PATIENT; LYMPHADENITIS; LEUKEMIA; CULTURE; ENGLAND AB Mycobacterium malmoense is a nontuberculous mycobacterium rarely encountered in the United States. However, isolations of M. malmoense from 73 patients (11 in 1992, 35 in 1993, and 27 in 1994) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We contacted state mycobacteriology laboratories and health care providers of patients whose M. malmoense isolations were reported from January 1993 through June 1995. To assign disease status for these patients, we used the criteria of the American Thoracic Society. Of 60 evaluable patients with disease status, only six (10%) had disease due to M. malmoense (five adults with pulmonary disease and one child with cervical lymphadenitis). We conclude that the number of patients with disease due to M. malmoense remains low. Increased isolation of this species may be due to the increased use of more sensitive and specific laboratory methods. For surveillance purposes, multiple M. malmoense isolates and age of younger than 10 years appear to be the best predictors for M. malmoense disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1086/514702 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 119VD UT WOS:000075917900024 PM 9770156 ER PT J AU Galland, GG Morris, CL Sullivan, JS Roberts, JM Collins, WE AF Galland, GG Morris, CL Sullivan, JS Roberts, JM Collins, WE TI Changes in hematologic values during infection of new world monkeys with Plasmodium falciparum and P-vivax SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Owl (Aotus sp.) and squirrel (Saimiri sp.) monkeys are used frequently in malaria vaccine trials, during which the animals are monitored daily for parasitemia and general well-being. Every 2 weeks, blood samples are taken, and hematology and chemistries are performed. We examined 97 cases of malarial infection in owl and squirrel monkeys, whose parasitemia increased by greater than or equal to 22,000 parasites/uL daily during a 14-day interval. After malaria challenge, unprotected animals had significant changes in hematologic values. These changes could not be completely attributed to the increase in the parasite counts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Sci Resources Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Galland, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Sci Resources Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 37 IS 5 BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA V2596 UT WOS:000165287500008 PM 12456140 ER PT J AU Beckles, GLA Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Herman, WH Aubert, RE Williamson, DF AF Beckles, GLA Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Herman, WH Aubert, RE Williamson, DF TI Population-based assessment of the level of care among adults with diabetes in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; UNITED-STATES; MELLITUS; RELIABILITY; DISEASE; QUESTIONNAIRE; ADHERENCE; VALIDITY; QUALITY AB OBJECTIVE - To estimate the levels of use of preventive care and to identify correlates of such care among people with diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 2,118 adults, age greater than or equal to 18 years, with self-reported diabetes in 22 states that participated in the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Most subjects were age greater than or equal to 45 years (83%), women (51%), and white (75%) and were diagnosed at ages greater than or equal to 30 years (83%), had type 2 diabetes (89%), and mere not using insulin (66%). RESULTS - Among all people with diabetes, 78% practiced self-monitoring of blood glucose, and 25% were aware of the term "glycosylated hemoglobin" or "hemoglobin A one C" (HbA(1c)). In the last year, 72% of the subjects visited a health care provider for diabetes care at least once, 61% had their feet inspected at least once, and 61% received a dilated eye examination. Controlled for age and sex, the odds ratios (ORs) for insulin use were for self-monitoring (OR [95% CI]; 4.0 [2.6-6.1]); having heard of HbA(1c) or receipt of a dilated eye examination (1.9 [1.4-2.5]); at least one visit to a provider (3.4 [1.9-7.2]); and feet inspected at least once (2.1 [1.5-2.9]). In addition, people <45 years, those who did not complete high school, and those without insurance coverage were high-risk groups for underuse of preventive care. Only 3% of insulin users and 1% of nonusers met all five of the American Diabetes Association standards in the previous year. CONCLUSIONS - Underuse of recommended preventive care practices is common among people with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Prudential Ctr Hlth Care Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Beckles, GLA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 37 TC 204 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 1998 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1432 EP 1438 DI 10.2337/diacare.21.9.1432 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 113MZ UT WOS:000075556800008 PM 9727887 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, MS Flegal, KM AF Eberhardt, MS Flegal, KM TI Assessing the utility of glycated hemoglobin SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Eberhardt, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 1998 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1578 EP 1578 DI 10.2337/diacare.21.9.1578 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 113MZ UT WOS:000075556800040 PM 9727921 ER PT J AU Penman, AD Saaddine, JB Hegazy, M Sous, ES Ali, MA Brechner, RJ Herman, WH Engelgau, MM Klein, R AF Penman, AD Saaddine, JB Hegazy, M Sous, ES Ali, MA Brechner, RJ Herman, WH Engelgau, MM Klein, R TI Screening for diabetic retinopathy: The utility of nonmydriatic retinal photography in Egyptian adults SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; diabetic retinopathy; screening; nonmydriatic camera ID FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY; DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY; EYE DISEASE; CAMERA; CARE; COMMUNITY; MELLITUS; PROGRAM AB Although regular screening for diabetic retinopathy with ophthalmoscopy or retinal photography is widely recommended in the United States and Europe, few reports of its use in developing countries are available. We compared the performance of screening by retinal photography with that of indirect ophthalmoscopy by using data from a population-based survey of diabetes and its complications in Egypt. During that project, 427 persons with diabetes underwent an eye examination and fundus photography with a non-mydriatic camera through a dilated pupil. Data from the examinations of the right eye of each patient are presented. Ninety-two (22 %) of the 427 retinal photographs were ungradable; in 58 eyes (63 %), this was due to media opacity (42 eyes with cataract, 3 with corneal opacity, and 13 with both). Agreement between retinal photography and indirect ophthalmoscopy was poor (kappa = 0.33; 95 % CI = 0.27-0.39) and primarily due to the large number of eyes (n = 79) with ungradable photographs that could be graded by ophthalmoscopy. None of these eyes was judged by ophthalmoscopy to have sight-threatening retinopathy. Fifty-four photographs were diagnosed with greater retinopathy than found on ophthalmoscopy. Retinal photography with the nonmydriatic camera through a dilated pupil is a useful method to screen for diabetic retinopathy in most adults in Egypt. However, such screening strategies have limited use in older persons and in persons with corneal disease or cataract. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Penman, AD (reprint author), State Hlth Dept, Off Community Hlth Serv, 2423 N State St, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 15 IS 9 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199809)15:9<783::AID-DIA634>3.3.CO;2-X PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 115AP UT WOS:000075641600011 PM 9737809 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Nelson, RG Knowler, WC Pettitt, DJ Robbins, DC Go, O Welty, TK Lee, ET Howard, BV AF Fagot-Campagna, A Nelson, RG Knowler, WC Pettitt, DJ Robbins, DC Go, O Welty, TK Lee, ET Howard, BV TI Plasma lipoproteins and the incidence of abnormal excretion of albumin in diabetic American Indians: The Strong Heart Study SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; albuminuria; nephropathies; Type II diabetes; Strong Heart Study ID RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RENAL-FUNCTION; PIMA-INDIANS; SIMVASTATIN TREATMENT; SEX-HORMONES; INSULIN; NEPHROPATHY; PROGRESSION AB Animal studies suggest that lipids are risk factors for kidney diseases. Some prospective studies and clinical trials have reported predictive effects of lipoproteins on different stages of diabetic nephropathy in humans. We examined lipoprotein abnormalities to determine if they predict abnormal urinary excretion of albumin (greater than or equal to 30 mg albumin/g creatinine), using logistic regression. We followed 671 American Indians (211 men, 460 women) with Type II diabetes for a mean of 3.9 years (range 1.7-6.2). Participants were aged 45-74 years. They had normal excretion of albumin and normal serum creatinine at baseline. 67 men and 144 women developed abnormal excretion of albumin. In models controlled for age, treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin, HbA(1c), study site, degree of Indian heritage, mean arterial blood pressure, albumin excretion at baseline and duration of diabetes, a high HDL cholesterol was a protector for abnormal excretion of albumin in women [odds ratio (OR) comparing the 90th with the 10th percentile = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32-0.98], but not in men (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.66-3.4). Further adjustment for obesity, insulin concentration, alcohol consumption or physical activity did not change the results. There was a tendency for high values of VLDL and total triglyceride and small LDL size to predict abnormal excretion of albumin in women only. We conclude that low HDL cholesterol was a risk factor for abnormal excretion of albumin in women, but not in men. Sex hormones may be responsible for sex differences in the association between HDL cholesterol and abnormal excretion of albumin. C1 NIDDKD, Phoenix, AZ 85016 USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Epidemiol Res, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Aberdeen Area Indian Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Rapid City, SD USA. RP Fagot-Campagna, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS-K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Nelson, Robert/B-1470-2012 NR 51 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD SEP PY 1998 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1002 EP 1009 DI 10.1007/s001250051023 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 118HX UT WOS:000075833400003 PM 9754817 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Chiu, JL Lin, JC AF Zhang, L Chiu, JL Lin, JC TI Activation of human herpesvinus 8 (HHV-8) thymidine kinase (TK) TATAA-less promoter by HHV-8 ORF50 gene product is SP1 dependent SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES; FACTOR-R; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; BZLF1 PROMOTER; VIRAL-DNA; PROTEIN; BINDING AB Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a newly discovered virus closely associated with Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas, When they occur in patients with AIDS, these B-cell lymphomas frequently harbor another human herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), To determine the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of early gene expression by the immediate-early gene products of HHV-8 and to assess possible molecular interactions between HHV-8 and EBV, we studied the regulation of the HHV-8 thymidine kinase (TK) promoter in cell lines harboring either or both viruses. The constitutive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity of the TK promoter was low in all six cell lines tested, A putative immediate-early gene product of HHV-8 ORF50, which is a homolog of EBV BRLF1, was cloned into an expression vector and tested for its transactivating capacity. In the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the CAT activity of the TK promoter was increased 7- to 720-fold by cotransfection with the ORF50 clone in EBV-producing cell lines (Ramos/AW, P3HR-1, and BC-1) but not in EBV-negative cell lines (BCBL-1 and Ramos), nor in the latently EBV-infected cell line Raji. The TK promoter contains three consensus SP1- and two AP1-binding sites. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the cellular factor SP1, but not AP1, was found to bind specifically to the TK promoter. To determine whether the increased CAT activity resulted from the interaction of SP1 with the ORF50 gene product, we introduced mutations into two SP1-binding sites. Both mutated SP1 sites had reduced SP1-binding activity and greatly decreased TK promoter responsiveness to ORF50 transactivation, suggesting that upregulation of TK promoter by ORF50 is SP1 dependent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Dept Biol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Lin, JC (reprint author), Tzu Chi Coll Med, Dept Microbiol, 701 Sect 3,Chung Yang Rd, Hualien 970, Taiwan. NR 47 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 BP 735 EP 742 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 126ZG UT WOS:000076324800001 PM 9778032 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA AF Hahn, RA TI Does blindness protect against cancers? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BREAST-CANCER; HYPOTHESIS; EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Stat & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Stat & Epidemiol Branch, D-01, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1998 VL 9 IS 5 BP 481 EP 483 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 113EG UT WOS:000075537000002 PM 9730024 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS AF Coughlin, SS TI Scientific paradigms in epidemiology and professional values SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-BOX; INFORMED CONSENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FUTURE C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Program Publ Hlth Eth, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1998 VL 9 IS 5 BP 578 EP 580 DI 10.1097/00001648-199809000-00020 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 113EG UT WOS:000075537000020 PM 9730042 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Kotchick, BA Dorsey, S Forehand, R Ham, AY AF Miller, KS Kotchick, BA Dorsey, S Forehand, R Ham, AY TI Family communication about sex: What are parents saying and are their adolescents listening? SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID AIDS; TEENAGERS; BEHAVIOR AB Context: Communication between parents and adolescents about sex, particularly in minority families, has been understudied; more information is needed both on which sex-related topics are discussed and on how their content is transmitted. Methods: Parent-adolescent communication about 10 sex-related topics was examined in a sample of 907 Hispanic and black 14-16-year-olds. Chi-square analyses were performed to test for significant differences across the 10 topics in discussions reported by the adolescents (with either parent) and by the mothers. The openness of communication, parent-adolescent agreement about communication of topics and differences by gender and ethnicity were also examined. Results: Significantly higher proportions of mothers and adolescents reported discussions of HIV or AIDS (92% by mothers and 71% by adolescents, respectively) and STDs (85% and 70%, respectively) than of issues surrounding sexual behavior, contraceptive use and physical development (27-74% for these other eight topics as reported by mothers vs. 15-66% as reported by adolescents). The gender of the adolescent and of the parent holding the discussion, but not the family's ethnicity, significantly influenced findings, with adolescents of both sexes more likely to report discussions with mothers than with fathers, and with parents more likely to discuss any of the 10 topics with an adolescent of the same gender than of the opposite gender. The likelihood of a topic being discussed and of mother-adolescent agreement that a topic was discussed both increased with an increasing degree of openness in the communication process. Conclusions: Consistent with research among white samples, mothers of black and Hispanic adolescents are the primary parental communicators about sexual topics. To facilitate communication, educational programs for parents should cover not only what is discussed, but how the information is conveyed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Behav Res Inst, Athens, GA 30602 USA. CDC, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 13 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 30 IS 5 BP 218 EP 235 DI 10.2307/2991607 PG 18 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 124JX UT WOS:000076180100003 PM 9782044 ER PT J AU Friedman, CR Glynn, MK Quick, R Khanna, B Iihoshi, N Revollo, C Gold, BD AF Friedman, CR Glynn, MK Quick, R Khanna, B Iihoshi, N Revollo, C Gold, BD TI Helicobacter pylori sero-incidence in a cohort of rural Bolivian children SO GUT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cenetrop, Santa Cruz, CA USA. CCH, La Paz, Bolivia. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD SEP PY 1998 VL 43 SU 2 BP A41 EP A41 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 126TJ UT WOS:000076309500145 ER PT J AU Lauby, JL Semaan, S Cohen, A Leviton, L Gielen, A Pulley, L Walls, C O'Campo, P AF Lauby, JL Semaan, S Cohen, A Leviton, L Gielen, A Pulley, L Walls, C O'Campo, P TI Self-efficacy, decisional balance and stages of change for condom use among women at risk for HIV infection SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTRACEPTIVE USE; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIORS AB Theory-based models of HIV prevention need to be tested using appropriate measures with populations at high risk, Data from interviews with 4036 women recruited from facilities and randomly sampled from high-risk communities were used to examine the mediating variables specified by the Transtheoretical Model (TM), The analysis aimed to test the reliability of brief self-efficacy and decisional balance measures, assess the relationships of these measures to stages of change for condom and contraceptive use, and examine the extent to which these findings are consistent for women interviewed in different settings, The results indicated that the scales measuring self-efficacy and advantages (pros) of the behaviors were moderately to highly reliable, while those measuring disadvantages (cons) were much less reliable. Results were similar for women recruited from community and from facility settings. Possible explanations for the low reliabilities for cons were examined. Significant differences in mean scores by stage of change were found for all measures of self-efficacy, pros and cons, These findings are consistent with patterns predicted by TM. C1 Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Family Planning Council, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Lauby, JL (reprint author), Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA. RI Cohen, Abigail/K-9180-2013 OI Cohen, Abigail/0000-0002-7425-7218 NR 17 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 13 IS 3 BP 343 EP 356 DI 10.1093/her/13.3.343 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120UC UT WOS:000075974900004 ER PT J AU Ten Brinke, J Selvin, S Hodgson, AT Fisk, WJ Mendell, MJ Koshland, CP Daisey, JM AF Ten Brinke, J Selvin, S Hodgson, AT Fisk, WJ Mendell, MJ Koshland, CP Daisey, JM TI Development of new volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure metrics and their relationship to "sick building syndrome" symptoms SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE volatile organic compounds (VOC); sick building syndrome (SBS); total volatile organic compounds (TVOC); office buildings; indoor sources ID INDOOR AIR; OFFICE BUILDINGS; EMISSIONS; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; PREVALENCE; CHAMBER; CLIMATE; PAINTS AB Occupants of office buildings are exposed to low concentrations of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that encompass a number of chemical classes and a broad range of irritancies. "Sick building syndrome" (SBS) is suspected to be related to these exposures. Using data from 22 office areas in 12 California buildings, seven VOC exposure metrics were developed and their ability to predict self-reported SBS irritant symptoms of office workers was tested. The VOC metrics were each evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis model adjusted for other risk factors or confounders. Total VOCs and most of the other metrics were not statistically significant predictors of symptoms in crude or adjusted analyses. Two metrics were developed using principal components (PC) analysis on subsets of the 39 VOCs. The irritancy/PC metric was the most statistically significant predictor of adjusted irritant symptoms. The irritant potencies of individual compounds, highly correlated nature of indoor VOC mixtures, and probable presence of potent, but unmeasured, VOCs were variously factored into this metric. These results, which for the first time show a Link between low level VOC exposures from specific types of indoor sources to SBS symptoms, require confirmation using data sets from other buildings. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Envrionm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Appl Social Studies & Social Res, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Daisey, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Envrionm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 45 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 24 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 140 EP 152 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120DQ UT WOS:000075939900002 ER PT J AU Igietseme, JU Uriri, IM Kumar, SN Ananaba, GA Ojior, OO Momodu, IA Candal, DH Black, CM AF Igietseme, JU Uriri, IM Kumar, SN Ananaba, GA Ojior, OO Momodu, IA Candal, DH Black, CM TI Route of infection that induces a high intensity of gamma interferon-secreting T cells in the genital tract produces optimal protection against Chlamydia trachomatis infection in mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MUCOSAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; NASAL LYMPHOID-TISSUE; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; MOUSE PNEUMONITIS; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; DEFICIENT MICE; GUINEA-PIGS; IN-VIVO; ANTIGEN AB The induction of local T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cellular immunity is crucial for resistance of mice to genital infection by the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. We tested the hypothesis that the route of immunization that elicits relatively high numbers of chlamydia-specific, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-secreting T lymphocytes (ISTLs) in the genital tract would induce optimal protective immunity against reinfection. Female BALB/c mice were infected intravaginally (i.v.), intranasally (i.n.), orally (p.o.), or subcutaneously (s.c.) with C. trachomatis. At days 7, 14, 21, and 28 postinfection, T cells isolated from the genital tract tissues were restimulated with chlamydial antigen in vitro, and the amounts of IFN-gamma induced were measured by a sandwiched enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. At day 7 postinfection, i.n.- and i.v.-immunized mice had high Bevels of chlamydia-specific ISTLs in their genital tracts (203.58 +/- 68.1 and 225.5 +/- 12.1 pg/ml, respectively). However, there were no detectable ISTLs in the genital tracts of p.o.- or s.c.-infected mice. When preinfected mice were challenged i.v. 70 days later, animals preexposed by the i.n. route were highly resistant to reinfection, with greatly reduced chlamydial burden, and suffered an attenuated infection that resolved by day 6 postchallenge. Animals preexposed by the i.v. route were modestly protected, whereas p.o. and s.c. groups were indistinguishable in this regard from control mice. The resistance of i.n.-immunized mice (and to some extent the i.v.-exposed mice) to reinfection was associated with early appearance (within 24 h) of high levels of genital ISTLs compared with mice preinfected by other routes. Furthermore, although i.n. and i.v.-immunized mice had comparable levels of chlamydia-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in their vaginal washes, the levels of IgG2a were four- sixfold higher in i.n.-immunized mice than in any of the other groups. The results suggested that immunization routes that faster rapid induction of vigorous genital mucosal cell-mediated immune (CMI) effecters (e.g., IFN-gamma), the CMI-associated humoral effector, IgG2a, and to some extent secretory IgA produce protective immunity against chlamydial genital infection. Therefore, i.n, immunization is a potential delivery route of choice in the development of a vaccine against Chlamydia. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Spelman Coll, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uriri, IM (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034, G12 RR003034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231, R01 AI041231] NR 51 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 66 IS 9 BP 4030 EP 4035 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 113RF UT WOS:000075564500004 PM 9712743 ER PT J AU Kellerman, SE Tokars, JI Jarvis, WR AF Kellerman, SE Tokars, JI Jarvis, WR TI The costs of healthcare worker respiratory protection and fit-testing programs SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NEW-YORK-CITY; CARE WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; HOSPITAL WORKERS; OUTBREAK; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: We studied hospital costs associated with healthcare worker (HCW) respiratory protection and respirator fit-testing programs recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to decrease nosocomial or occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: The number and cost of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filter and dust-mist (DM) respirators for 1989 to 1994 were obtained from study hospital purchasing departments, and the costs of HCW fit-testing and education programs for 1994 were estimated from information provided by infection control practitioners. Costs of N-class respirator programs were estimated for study hospitals using retrospective cost analysis and an observational study. SETTING: Four urban hospitals with, and one rural community hospital without, documented nosocomial or occupational transmission of multidrug-resistant TB. RESULTS: During the study period, four of five hospitals introduced HEPA and DM respirators and respirator education and fit-testing programs. Median costs in 1994 were $83,900 (range, $2,000-$223,000) for respirators and $17,187 (range, $8,736-$26,175) for respiratory fit-testing programs. The projected median annual cost of N95 respirators was $62,023 (range, $270-$422,526). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with CDC TB guidelines may require a substantial investment. However, outlays for respirators and education and fit-testing programs are more reasonable than would be suggested by analyses that estimated the costs of preventing one case of nosocomial TB (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:629-634). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sek0@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600003 PM 9778158 ER PT J AU Al-Rabea, AA Burwen, DR Eldeen, MAF Fontaine, RE Tenover, F Jarvis, WR AF Al-Rabea, AA Burwen, DR Eldeen, MAF Fontaine, RE Tenover, F Jarvis, WR TI Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in neonates in a hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSI) in neonates in a hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). DESIGN: Two case-control studies among hospitalized neonates during February 15-May 14, 1991, and a procedural and microbiological investigation. SETTING: Hospital A, a maternity and children's hospital in KSA. PATIENTS: Case patients had a blood culture positive for K pneumoniae after >2 days of hospitalization and had no evidence of a nonblood primary site of infection. RESULTS: When the 20 case patients were compared with controls, hospitalization in a critical-care unit (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.20-51.1; P=.03) was identified as a risk factor. When the case patients were compared with a second set of controls matched by critical-care status, receipt of a particular intravenous fluid (D10%/0.2NS; OR, 11.0; CI95, 1.42-85.2; P=.009) or a blood product (OR undefined; P=.04) were identified as risk factors. Infusates were administered via umbilical catheters for most case and control patients (19/20 vs 15/20, P>.05); catheters were manipulated more frequently in patients in critical-care units. Umbilical catheter tip, skin, or mucus membrane K pneumoniae colonization occurred in 47% and 53% of evaluated case and control patients, respectively. Available K pneumoniae isolates from blood cultures and colonization sites had identical antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Emphasis on handwashing, careful preparation and administration of infusates, and aseptic technique for catheter insertion, maintenance, and manipulation was temporally associated with resolution of the epidemic. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak was probably due to infusion therapy practices that led to BSI in nursery patients colonized with K pneumoniae. Both catheter-related infections and extrinsic contamination of infusates may have occurred. Hospital personnel should be aware of their potential to spread nosocomial pathogens from person to person and should implement Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations to decrease nosocomial BSIs (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:674-679). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Matern & Childrens Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Mailstop E69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 BP 674 EP 679 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600012 PM 9778167 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Pichette, SC Pryor, ER McGowan, JE Culver, DH Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP AF Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Pichette, SC Pryor, ER McGowan, JE Culver, DH Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP TI Impact of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on vancomycin (VANC) use in adult intensive care units (ICUs) at US hospitals. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, ICARE Hosp, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 17 BP 683 EP 683 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600028 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Tokars, JI Kioski, CM Yen, BM Cage, GD Jarvis, WR AF Trick, WE Tokars, JI Kioski, CM Yen, BM Cage, GD Jarvis, WR TI P-aeruginosa infections in neurosurgical patients after cerebral ventricular catheter placement. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 30 BP 685 EP 685 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600043 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Levine, RB Carson, LA Arduino, MJ Killar, T Grillo, FG Jarvis, WR Pearson, ML AF Wang, SA Levine, RB Carson, LA Arduino, MJ Killar, T Grillo, FG Jarvis, WR Pearson, ML TI Gem-negative bacteremia (GNB) in a hemodialysis unit traced to probable drain port contamination, Maryland. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 27 BP 685 EP 685 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600039 ER PT J AU Campbell, S Srivastava, P Cardo, D AF Campbell, S Srivastava, P Cardo, D TI Potentially preventable occupational percutaneous injuries (PIs) resulting in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 34 BP 686 EP 686 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600048 ER PT J AU Jochimsen, EM Boyer, C Lyons, D McGeer, A McArthur, M Armstrong-Evans, M McKibben, P Cardo, D AF Jochimsen, EM Boyer, C Lyons, D McGeer, A McArthur, M Armstrong-Evans, M McKibben, P Cardo, D TI Assessment of the nature and frequency of blood contacts among home healthcare workers. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Mikalix & Co, Boston, MA USA. Mt Sinai & Princess Margaret Hosp, Toronto, ON M4X 1K9, Canada. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 36 BP 686 EP 686 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600049 ER PT J AU Hubert, SK Steward, CD Tenover, FC McGowan, JE AF Hubert, SK Steward, CD Tenover, FC McGowan, JE TI Determination of a screening method for glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (GISA) and other Staphylococci using Mueller-Hinton agar. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 48 BP 688 EP 688 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600061 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR CA NISS TI Seasonal variation of Acinetobacter spp. infections reported to the national nosocomial infection surveillance (NNIS) system: 1987-1996. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 55 BP 690 EP 690 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600068 ER PT J AU Kim, SD McDonald, LC Miller, JM McAllister, S Jerris, R Jarvis, WR AF Kim, SD McDonald, LC Miller, JM McAllister, S Jerris, R Jarvis, WR TI Determining the significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from blood cultures at a community hospital: A role for species level identification. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Dekalb Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 63 BP 691 EP 691 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600075 ER PT J AU Hofmann, J Silber, JL Cetron, MS Strikas, RA Paul, S Breiman, RF AF Hofmann, J Silber, JL Cetron, MS Strikas, RA Paul, S Breiman, RF TI Pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease: Long term care facility- vs. community-acquired. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Camden, NJ 08103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NJ Dept Hlth & Sr Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 71 BP 692 EP 692 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600082 ER PT J AU Trick, W Kuehnert, MJ Quirk, SB Arduino, MJ Aguero, SM Jarvis, WR AF Trick, W Kuehnert, MJ Quirk, SB Arduino, MJ Aguero, SM Jarvis, WR TI Point-prevalence survey and risk factors for inter-facility transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization among patients at acute and long-term care facilities in one community. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. Siouxland Dist Hlth Dept, Sioux City, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 70 BP 692 EP 692 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600084 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Jernigan, JA Pullen, A Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Jernigan, JA Pullen, A Jarvis, WR TI Association between mucositis severity and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) bacteremia in VRE-colonized cancer patients. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 77 BP 693 EP 693 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600088 ER PT J AU Kool, J Bergmire-Sweat, D Brown, E Massi, D Pruckler, J Fields, B Benson, R Kolczack, M Butler, J AF Kool, J Bergmire-Sweat, D Brown, E Massi, D Pruckler, J Fields, B Benson, R Kolczack, M Butler, J TI The tepid zone: Risk factors for nosocomial transmission of legionnaires' disease and for colonization of hospital water systems by Legionella. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 79 BP 694 EP 694 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600092 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Pryor, ER Edwards, JR McGowan, JE Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP AF Fridkin, SK Pryor, ER Edwards, JR McGowan, JE Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP CA Hosp CDC and Rollins Sch of Public Hlth Emory Univ TI Do hospital antibiograms reflect resistance in nosocomial infections? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. ICARE Hosp, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 90 BP 695 EP 695 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600103 ER PT J AU Richards, MJ Edwards, J Culver, EDH Gaynes, RP AF Richards, MJ Edwards, J Culver, EDH Gaynes, RP CA Natl Nosocomial Infect Surveillance (NNIS) Sys TI Nosocomial infections (Ni) in coronary care units (CCUs) in the United States. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Nosocomial Infect Surveillance Syst, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 87 BP 695 EP 695 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600099 ER PT J AU Duffy, R Couto, B Granich, R Starling, C Cardo, D Jarvis, W AF Duffy, R Couto, B Granich, R Starling, C Cardo, D Jarvis, W TI Outbreak of pyrogenic reactions in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (CC), Brazil. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vera Cruz Hosp, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 91 BP 696 EP 696 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600104 ER PT J AU Wainwright, S Cardo, D Strikas, RA Williams, WW AF Wainwright, S Cardo, D Strikas, RA Williams, WW CA NaSH Surveillance Grp TI Characteristics of exposures to varicella and herpes zoster in six hospitals. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NASH Surveillance Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA 96 BP 696 EP 696 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600109 ER PT J AU Campbell, S Srivastava, P Cardo, D AF Campbell, S Srivastava, P Cardo, D CA NaSH Surveillance Grp TI Differences in reported occupational exposures to blood/body fluids by status of source patients. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NaSH Surveillance Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA M36 BP 714 EP 714 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600215 ER PT J AU Wang, SA AF Wang, SA CA HIV PEP Registry Grp TI Findings from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) registry: PEP following occupational HIV exposure. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, HIV PEP Registry Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA M38 BP 714 EP 714 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600216 ER PT J AU Salman, L Soto-Irizarry, M San Gabriel, P Kellerman, S Jarvis, W AF Salman, L Soto-Irizarry, M San Gabriel, P Kellerman, S Jarvis, W TI Observational study of infection control practices of pediatric health care workers (HCWs) caring for children with suspected tuberculosis (TB). SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA M54 BP 717 EP 717 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600230 ER PT J AU Garfein, R Goldstein, S Dentinger, C Shapiro, C Mast, E AF Garfein, R Goldstein, S Dentinger, C Shapiro, C Mast, E TI An outbreak of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a New York area hospital. SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA M77 BP 720 EP 720 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600251 ER PT J AU Garrett, D Laserson, K Medeiros, EAS Vianna, PC Duffy, R Jarvis, W Binkin, N AF Garrett, D Laserson, K Medeiros, EAS Vianna, PC Duffy, R Jarvis, W Binkin, N TI Influence of BCG immunization on two step tuberculin skin test results in healthy medical and nursing students in Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil (BR). SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 19 IS 9 MA M82 BP 721 EP 721 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 131AM UT WOS:000076553600254 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Butler, JC AF Fiore, AE Butler, JC TI Detecting nosocomial Legionnaires' disease SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Legionnaires' disease; Legionella pneumophila ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; RISK-FACTORS; TAP WATER; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; MODE; PNEUMONIA; ASPIRATION; CLUSTER; AMEBAS AB Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an underdiagnosed cause of nosocomial pneumonia. Long-term, endemic nosocomial transmission has occurred in some hospitals. Techniques for the rapid diagnosis of patients with nosocomial LD due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 are now available. Identification of nosocomial LD should prompt intensified surveillance for other cases and epidemiologic and environmental investigations. Standard methods for control. of Legionella growth in aerosol-producing devices and hospital hot water systems include hyperchlorination and thermal disinfection. Newer water purification technologies are promising but require evaluation. Decontamination may require multiple interventions, and long-term surveillance for new cases is advised. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 15 IS 9 BP 625 EP + PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 122XQ UT WOS:000076097100013 ER PT J AU Nelson, BK Conover, DL Krieg, EF Snyder, DL Edwards, RM AF Nelson, BK Conover, DL Krieg, EF Snyder, DL Edwards, RM TI Effect of environmental temperature on the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol in rats SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE RF radiation; industrial solvents; glycol ethers; developmental toxicity; synergism; environmental temperature; hyperthermia; hypothermia ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; TERATOGENIC INTERACTION; CYTOSINE-ARABINOSIDE; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; BODY-TEMPERATURE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; HYPERTHERMIA; MICE; EXPOSURE; SOLVENTS AB Objective: This research was conducted to determine if altered environmental temperatures would affect the interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency (RF) radiation and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME). This is important because RF radiation is used in a variety of workplaces that have poorly controlled environmental temperatures, and many workers are concurrently exposed to various chemicals. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and 2ME produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. Methods: RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at the control value (38 degrees), 39.0 degrees or 40.0 degrees C for 2 or 4 h combined with either 0 or 100 mg/kg 2ME at environmental temperatures of 18 degrees, 24 degrees and 30 degrees C (65 degrees, 75 degrees, and 85 degrees F) were given on gestation day 13 to Sprague-Dawley rats. Dams were killed on gestation day 20, and the fetuses were examined for external malformations. Results and conclusions: Environmental temperature does affect the specific absorption rate (SAR) necessary to maintain a specific colonic temperature but does not affect the interactive developmental toxicity of RF radiation and 2ME in rats. These results, consistent with the literature, add to the evidence that the developmental toxicity of RF radiation (combined or alone) is associated with colonic temperature, not with SAR. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Nelson, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 71 IS 6 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1007/s004200050300 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119WP UT WOS:000075921400007 PM 9766915 ER PT J AU Valleroy, LA MacKellar, DA Karon, JM Janssen, RS Hayman, CR AF Valleroy, LA MacKellar, DA Karon, JM Janssen, RS Hayman, CR TI HIV infection in disadvantaged out-of-school youth: Prevalence for US Job Corps entrants, 1990 through 1996 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; African Americans; HIV infection; HIV prevalence trends; HIV seroprevalence; race/ethnicity; socioeconomic status; youth ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; STATES MILITARY SERVICE; UNITED-STATES; TEENAGERS; TRENDS; WOMEN; AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS; PROGRAM AB To describe HIV infection prevalence and prevalence trends for disadvantaged out-of-school youth in the United States, we analyzed the HIV prevalence for and demographic characteristics of youth, aged 16 through 21 years, who entered the U.S. Job Corps from January 1990 through December 1996. Job Corps is a federally funded jobs training program for socially and economically disadvantaged out-of-school youth. All 357,443 entrants residing at Job Corps centers during their training were tested for HIV infection; 822 (2.3 per 1000) were HIV-positive. HIV prevalence was higher for women than for men (2.8 per 1000 versus 2.0 per 1000; relative risk [RR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-1.6). Among racial/ethnic groups, prevalence was highest for African Americans (3.8 per 1000). Prevalence was higher for African American women (4.9 per 1000) than for any other gender and racial/ethnic group. From 1990 through 1996, standardized HIV prevalence-stratified by age, race/ethnicity, home region, population of home metropolitan statistical area, and year of entry-declined for women and for men: for women, from 4.1 per 1000 in 1990 to 2.1 per 1000 in 1996(p = .001); and for men, from 2.8 per 1000 in 1990 to 1.4 per 1000 in 1996 (p = .001). These data suggest that HIV prevalence for disadvantaged out-of-school youth declined from 1990 through 1996. However, considering their youth, prevalence was still high, particularly for women and African Americans, most notably African American women. These data support the need for ongoing HIV prevention programs targeting such youth. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Labor, Off Job Corps, Employment & Training Adm, Washington, DC 20210 USA. RP Valleroy, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 114QX UT WOS:000075621300011 PM 9732072 ER PT J AU Grunbaum, JA Basen-Engquist, K Pandey, D AF Grunbaum, JA Basen-Engquist, K Pandey, D TI Association between violent behaviors and substance use among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white high school students SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE violence; adolescents; Mexican-American; substance use; suicide ID UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; YOUTH VIOLENCE; HEALTH; ADOLESCENT; PREVENTION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; HOMICIDE AB Purpose: To determine the prevalence of violent behaviors among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white high school students and to explore the associations between violent behaviors and alcohol and illicit drug use. Methods: The Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to 1786 high school students in a biethnic community in Southeast Texas; 65% were Mexican-American, 26% were non-Hispanic white, and 9% were of another ethnicity. Results: There were no significant ethnic differences in prevalence of drinking alcohol, illicit drug use, fighting, carrying a weapon, or planning or attempting suicide. After adjustment for age, carrying a weapon and fighting were significantly associated with alcohol and illicit drug use, with few exceptions, among the four gender- and ethnic-specific subgroups. However, the relationship between suicide (plans and attempts) and substance use among the four subgroups was less consistent and of much lower magnitude than for carrying a weapon and fighting. Conclusions: A substantial percentage of adolescents engage in violent behaviors, and fighting and weapon carrying are associated with substance use among both gender and ethnic groups. A systematic and integrated approach to changing the environment and norms of communities is needed to affect change and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with violent behaviors. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1998. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Dept Behav Sci, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX USA. RP Grunbaum, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [R48/CCR602176] NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(98)00010-X PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 113UU UT WOS:000075572700006 PM 9730358 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Obisesan, T Gillum, RF AF Vargas, CM Obisesan, T Gillum, RF TI Association of serum albumin concentration, serum ionized calcium concentration, and blood pressure in the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African Americans; blood pressure; ionized calcium; Mexican Americans; NHANES III; serum albumin ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HYPERTENSION; RISK; POPULATION; DEATH AB A few small studies of white persons have found a positive association between serum albumin and blood pressure. However, this association might be due to ionized calcium. No data on albumin or ionized calcium have appeared for African Americans or Hispanics, and few for women. To explore the association of serum albumin (g/L) and ionized calcium (mmol/L) with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94, were analyzed. Results from multiple regressions, controlling for age, overweight, alcohol intake, hematocrit, pulse, antihypertensive medication, and smoking indicate that serum albumin is positively correlated (P < 0.01) to systolic and diastolic brood pressure among non-Hispanic white men 25-59 and 60-89 years old. Ionized calcium was associated negatively with diastolic blood pressure among younger Mexican-American men. In this national sample, serum albumin was consistently associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure only among non-Hispanic white men. J CLIN EPIDEMIOL 51;9:739-746, 1998. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM CAV5@CDC.GOV NR 26 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 51 IS 9 BP 739 EP 746 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00047-X PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 115DG UT WOS:000075647800005 PM 9731922 ER PT J AU McAllister, SK Pearson, ML Bland, LA Arduino, MJ Aguero, SM Jarvis, WR AF McAllister, SK Pearson, ML Bland, LA Arduino, MJ Aguero, SM Jarvis, WR CA Latex Allergy Study Grp TI Comparison of serologic immunoassays for the detection of latex-specific IgE in sera SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY LA English DT Article DE latex; latex allergy; diagnosis; immunoassays; RAST; CAP-RAST; AlaSTAT ID SPINA-BIFIDA; RISK-FACTORS; CONTACT URTICARIA; ALLERGY; RUBBER; CHILDREN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; ANTIGENS; SKIN AB Background: Reported IgE-mediated (type I) reactions to latex have increased since the late 1980s. However, characterization of latex hypersensitivity has been limited by the absence of standardized reagents and extracts for diagnostic testing. Methods: To assess the performance and diagnostic utility of latex immunoassays, we used clinically defined sera from spina bifida patients. We evaluated the Phadezym Modified RAST, CAP System RAST (CAP-1 and CAP-2), and AlaSTAT assay methods and determined their sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and overall accuracy. The RAST and AlaSTAT assays used a natural latex allergen; the CAP assay method used a natural (CAP1) and a glove extract allergen (CAP2). A positive assay result was defined as greater than or equal to 0.35 IU/mL of latex-specific IgE. Results: Of 102 samples tested, 34 (33 %) were positive based on clinical criteria. The sensitivity of the assays ranged from 88 % (AlaSTAT) to 93 % (CAP1, CAP2); specificity ranged from 79 % (CAP1) to 94 % (AlaSTAT). The positive and negative predictive values of the assays ranged from 90 % (CAP1) to 97 % (AlaSTAT) and 80 % (AlaSTAT) to 85 % (CAP2), respectively. Overall accuracy of the assays ranged from 88 % (CAP1) to 90 % (CAP2, AlaSTAT, RAST). Agreement between the CAP1 (natural allergen) and CAP2 (glove allergen) assays was 98 %. Conclusion: In populations such as persons with spina bifida, where the prevalence of latex allergy is high, these immunoassays have good utility for diagnosis of latex allergy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arduino, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-01,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY SOC PI WAYNE PA 3139 S WAYNE RD, WAYNE, MI 48184 USA SN 1081-1672 J9 J CLIN LIGAND ASSAY JI J. Clin. Ligand Assay PD FAL PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA 139MD UT WOS:000077031900010 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN Kalou, M Maurice, C Bile, C Borget, MY Koblavi, S Boateng, E Sassan-Morokro, M Anatole-Ehounou, E Ghys, P Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ AF Nkengasong, JN Kalou, M Maurice, C Bile, C Borget, MY Koblavi, S Boateng, E Sassan-Morokro, M Anatole-Ehounou, E Ghys, P Greenberg, AE Wiktor, SZ TI Comparison of NucliSens and Amplicor Monitor assays for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma of persons with HIV-1 subtype A infection in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRANCHED DNA AB We compared the sensitivity and accuracy of the NucliSens assay and those of both the standard and modified (addition of a new primer set, primer mix 1, supplied by Roche) Amplicor HIV Monitor assays to quantify human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in persons infected with HIV-1 subtype A in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, Seventy-one plasma samples from HIV-l-seropositive persons at different stages of HN infection and 15 samples from HIV antibody-negative persons were analyzed. The HIV-1 genetic subtype was determined either by DNA sequencing or by a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Of the 71 samples, 70 (98%) were subtype A and 1 was subtype G, Of the 70 subtype A samples, the proportion of RNA-positive plasma samples and mean HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly higher by the modified HIV Monitor assay (n = 67 [96%]; mean RNA levels, 5.2 log(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) than the NucliSens assay (n = 56 [80%]; 4.3 log(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) or the standard HIV Monitor assay (n = 44 [63%]; mean RNA levels, 3.8 log(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) (all P values were <0.05), The HIV-1. RNA levels by the modified HIV Monitor assay correlated significantly with those by the NucliSens assay (r = 0.76; P < 0.001) and the standard HIV Monitor assay (r = 0.57; P < 0.001), as did the RNA levels by the NucliSens and the standard HIV Monitor assays (r = 0.60; P < 0.001), Lower CD4 cell counts were significantly correlated with higher HIV-1 RNA levels by all three assays (r = -0.47 for the NucliSens assay, -0.45 for the standard HIV Monitor assay, and -0.62 for the modified HN Monitor assay). These results indicate that the modified HIV Monitor assay has the highest sensitivity and efficiency at quantifying the levels of RNA in persons infected with HIV-1 subtype A and thus constitutes a valuable tool for the monitoring of RNA levels in areas of Africa were HIV-1 subtype A is predominant. C1 CHU Treichville, Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Virol Lab, Projet RETRO CI, BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2495 EP 2498 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 111CY UT WOS:000075420800020 PM 9705381 ER PT J AU Giladi, M Avidor, B Kletter, Y Abulafia, S Slater, LN Welch, DF Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Ephros, M AF Giladi, M Avidor, B Kletter, Y Abulafia, S Slater, LN Welch, DF Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Ephros, M TI Cat scratch disease: the rare role of Afipia felis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIGENS; SEROLOGY; AGENT AB Since its isolation in 1988, Afipia felis has been associated with cat scratch disease (CSD) in only one report and its role in CSD has been questioned. We have cultured A. felis from a lymph node of a patient with CSD. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA relatedness studies, fatty acid analysis, and PCR of the A,felis ferredoxin gene showed that the isolate is identical to the previously reported A. felis isolate, To determine the role of A. felis in CSD, PCR of the 16S rRNA gene followed by hybridizations with specific probes were performed with lymph node specimens from CSD patients, All 32 specimens tested positive for Bartonella henselae and negative for A. felis, We conclude that A, felis is a rare cause of CSD. Diagnostic tests not conducive to the identification of A. felis might cause the diagnosis of CSD due to A. felis to be missed. C1 Ichilov Hosp, Tel Aviv Sourasky Med Ctr, Bernard Pridan Lab Mol Biol Infect Dis, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. Carmel Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Haifa, Israel. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Lab Corp Amer, Dallas, TX USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Dallas, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giladi, M (reprint author), Ichilov Hosp, Tel Aviv Sourasky Med Ctr, Bernard Pridan Lab Mol Biol Infect Dis, 6 Weizmann St, IL-64239 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2499 EP 2502 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 111CY UT WOS:000075420800021 PM 9705382 ER PT J AU Rudolph, KM Parkinson, AJ Roberts, MC AF Rudolph, KM Parkinson, AJ Roberts, MC TI Molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antibiogram of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B isolates from selected areas within the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERNS; INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; MULTIRESISTANT CLONE; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FRANCE; ALASKA AB Fifty-eight clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B, including 16 from Alaska, 14 from Arizona, 11 from Washington, and 17 from seven additional states, were analyzed, The antibiograms of these isolates were assigned to 10 antibiotic profiles based on their susceptibilities to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Thirty-two (55%) of these isolates were penicillin nonsusceptible, while 21 (36%) were intermediate or resistant to three or more antibiotics, The restriction endonucleases ApaI and SmaI were used to digest intact chromosomes, and the fragments were resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns were combined, and 13 of the 16 Alaskan isolates showed indistinguishable PFGE patterns. One other isolate exhibited highly related ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns, differing by only one band after restriction with ApaI. Among the 14 isolates from Arizona, 1 was indistinguishable from the predominant ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns seen in the Alaskan isolates; 5 others were highly related (al band after cutting with either enzyme) to the Alaskan isolates, suggesting a common ancestral origin. Of the remaining eight isolates, six additional ApaI plus SmaI PFGE patterns were observed. The 28 isolates from the various contiguous states had 22 ApaI plus SmaI PFGE patterns. No correlations were found between specific PFGE patterns, antibiograms. dates of isolation, or geography. The serotype 6B isolates across the contiguous United States were genetically diverse, while the 6B isolates from Alaska appeared to be much less diverse. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Roberts, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2703 EP 2707 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 111CY UT WOS:000075420800056 PM 9705417 ER PT J AU Padhye, AA Davis, MS Baer, D Reddick, A Sinha, KK Ott, J AF Padhye, AA Davis, MS Baer, D Reddick, A Sinha, KK Ott, J TI Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium inflatipes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHIALOPHORA-PARASITICA; INFECTIONS AB Phaeoacremonium inflatipes, one of three species previously classified as strains of Phialophora parasitica, was identified as the causal agent of a subcutaneous infection of the left foot of an 83-year-old woman from South Carolina, The patient had a granulomatous growth over the anteromedial aspect of her left foot. It was surgically excised, which led to complete healing,without complications, Tissue sections of the excised mass stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori's methenamine silver strains showed many septate hyphal elements of various lengths, some exhibiting brownish pigment in the cell walls of the hyphae, Portions of the tissue, when cultured, yielded many colonies which were initially glabrous, off white becoming velvety, greyish brown on aging. Microscopically, their hyphae were septate, branched, and phaeoid and bore lateral and terminal, erect, septate conidiophores. The conidiogenous cells (phialides) were terminal or lateral, mostly monophialidic, subcylindrical to spinelike in shape, and constricted at their bases and bore funnel-shaped, inconspicuous collarettes at their tips. The conidia were subhyaline, oblong, and ellipsoid to allantoid. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Fungus Reference Lab, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29202 USA. Lexington Med Ctr, Columbia, SC 29169 USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Fungus Reference Lab, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 36 IS 9 BP 2763 EP 2765 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 111CY UT WOS:000075420800072 PM 9705433 ER PT J AU Caceres, VM Ball, RT Somerfeldt, SA Mackey, RL Nichols, SE MacKenzie, WR Herwaldt, BL AF Caceres, VM Ball, RT Somerfeldt, SA Mackey, RL Nichols, SE MacKenzie, WR Herwaldt, BL TI A foodborne outbreak of cyclosporiasis caused by imported raspberries SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE cyclosporins; diarrhea; food; parasites ID FOREIGN RESIDENTS; TRAVELERS; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; PATHOGEN; HUMANS; NEPAL AB BACKGROUND. Cyclospora cayetanensis is a recently recognized parasite that causes prolonged diarrheal illness. Its modes of transmission have not been fully determined, although some investigations before 1996 implicated water. Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in the United States in 1996 and 1997 are evidence of the increasing incidence of this disease. This report describes an outbreak of cyclosporiasis in persons who attended a luncheon on May 23, 1996, near Charleston, South Carolina. METHODS. In this retrospective cohort study, we interviewed all 64 luncheon attendees and the chef regarding food and beverage exposures. A case of cyclosporiasis was defined as diarrhea (greater than or equal to 3 loose stools per day, or 22 loose stools per day if using antimotility drugs) after attending the luncheon. We identified sporadic cases of cyclosporiasis and traced the implicated food. RESULTS. Of 64 luncheon attendees, 38 (59%) met the case definition. Persons who ate raspberries (relative risk [RR]=5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 - 13.2) or potato salad (RR=1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 - 2.6) were at significantly increased risk for illness. The population attributable risk percentages were 73% for raspberries and 20% for potato salad. Cyclospora oocysts were found in stools from 11 (85%) of the 13 case patients submitting specimens for testing. Implicated raspberries originated in Guatemala. CONCLUSIONS. Our investigation is one of the first studies to implicate a specific food (raspberries) as a vehicle for transmission of Cyclospora, Because of the apparent increasing incidence of cyclosporiasis in the United States, family physicians should consider testing for Cyclospora in any patient with prolonged, unexplained diarrhea, C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. CDC, Div Field Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Caceres, VM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Polio Eradicat Activ, Mailstop E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 USA SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3 BP 231 EP 234 PG 4 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 120MD UT WOS:000075959400010 PM 9752377 ER PT J AU Demi, A Bakeman, R Sowell, R Moneyham, L Seals, B AF Demi, A Bakeman, R Sowell, R Moneyham, L Seals, B TI Suicidal thoughts of women with HIV infection: Effect of stressors and moderating effects of family cohesion SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; AIDS; STIGMATIZATION; DISTRESS; RISK AB Associations of suicidality with sociodemographic characteristics, number of HIV-related symptoms, perceived stigma, depressive mood, emotional distress, and family cohesion were investigated in a sample of women with HIV infection. Of 214 women, 56% reported neither suicidal thoughts nor attempts since learning they were HIV infected, 31% reported thoughts but no attempts, and 14% reported both thoughts and attempts. Women who reported suicidal thoughts reported more HIV-related symptoms, more perceived stigma, greater depressive mood, more emotional distress, and less family cohesion than did women who reported no suicidal thoughts; women who reported both thoughts and attempts did not differ from women who reported only thoughts on these variables. Family cohesion moderated the effect of symptoms on thoughts. Those who reported suicidal thoughts reported more HIV-related symptoms only when family cohesion was relatively low. C1 Georgia State Univ, Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Nursing, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Demi, A (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Sch Nursing, Univ Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM ademi@gsu.edu; bakeman@gsu.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0893-3200 J9 J FAM PSYCHOL JI J. Fam. Psychol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 344 EP 353 DI 10.1037/0893-3200.12.3.344 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 122PT UT WOS:000076081200004 ER PT J AU Peret, TCT Hall, CB Schnabel, KC Golub, JA Anderson, LJ AF Peret, TCT Hall, CB Schnabel, KC Golub, JA Anderson, LJ TI Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBGROUP-A; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ATTACHMENT (G)PROTEIN; PRIMARY INFECTION; VARIABLE REGION; G-PROTEIN; HETEROGENEITY; EVOLUTION; CHILDREN AB Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is classified into two major groups, A and B, each of which contains multiple variants. To characterize the molecular epidemiology of HRSV strains over time, sequencing studies of a variable region of the attachment protein gene from a single community in the United States during 5 successive years were performed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clades (genotypes) that were further classified in subtypes based on greater than or equal to 96% nucleotide similarity. Five genotypes and 22 subtypes among 123 group A HRSV isolates, and four distinct genotypes and six subtypes among 81 group B HRSV isolates were identified. One to two genotypes or subtypes accounted for greater than or equal to 50% of isolates from a given year, a shift in the predominant genotype or subtype occurred each year such that no genotype or subtype predominated for more than 1 of the 5 study years. The consistency in the displacement of the predominant strain suggests that a shift, even within the same group, is advantageous to the virus. It was hypothesized that the 'novel' strain is better able to evade previously induced immunity in the population and consequently either circulates more efficiently or is more pathogenic. The yearly shift in HRSV strains may contribute to the ability of HRSV to consistently cause yearly outbreaks of HRSV disease. These results also suggest that isolates may need to be characterized as to both group and genotype to fully understand protective immunity after natural infection and efficacy studies of candidate vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 226 Z9 236 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 79 BP 2221 EP 2229 PN 9 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 114CY UT WOS:000075592600018 PM 9747732 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Renshaw, MA Evatt, BL Benson, JM AF Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Renshaw, MA Evatt, BL Benson, JM TI The up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells by activated protein C SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; BLOOD-COAGULATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FACTOR-V; VASCULAR INJURY; BINDING-PROTEIN; ENDOTOXIN; INACTIVATION; MODULATION; RESISTANCE AB The protein C/protein S anticoagulant pathway has been proposed to be a common link between coagulation and inflammation. Studies have suggested that a component of the anticoagulant pathway, activated protein C (APC), may playa role in the inflammatory response by modulating the effects of cytokines such as TNF and by blocking neutrophil activation. Cytokines are known to be intimately involved in the inflammatory response and to function in part to restore hemostatic balance. To begin to delineate what role APC may have in the inflammatory response, we have investigated the effect of APC on the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in primary HUVEC, human microvascular endothelial cells, and human coronary artery endothelial cells, Our results have demonstrated that physiologic concentrations of APC significantly up-regulated the production of both IL-6 and IL-8, This increase, which was seen at both the RNA and protein level, was not due to either thrombin or LPS contamination of the APC preparation. Additional studies also showed that the APC-mediated up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 was IL-1 independent. Although neither purified protein C nor protein S alone had an effect on cytokine production, protein S, the cofactor for APC, significantly enhanced the ability of APC to up-regulate IL-6/IL-8 production. These results provide further evidence for a role for APC in the inflammatory response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-D02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM WOH1@CDC.C-OV NR 38 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 161 IS 5 BP 2567 EP 2573 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 112UB UT WOS:000075511600062 PM 9725257 ER PT J AU Schluter, WW Reef, SE Redd, SC Dykewicz, CA AF Schluter, WW Reef, SE Redd, SC Dykewicz, CA TI Changing epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; PROGRAM; WOMEN AB To describe clinical presentation and epidemiology of US infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) and to identify missed opportunities for maternal vaccination, data from CRS cases reported to the National. Congenital Rubella Syndrome Registry (NCRSR) from 1985 through 1996 were analyzed. Missed opportunities for maternal vaccination were defined as missed postpartum, premarital, and occupational opportunities, that is, times when rubella vaccination is recommended but was not given. From 1985 through 1996, 122 CRS cases were reported to the NCRSR, The most frequent CRS-related defect was congenital heart disease. Of the reported infants with CRS, 44% were Hispanic. Of 121 known missed opportunities for rubella vaccination among 94 mothers of infants with indigenous CRS, 98 (81%) were missed postpartum opportunities. CRS continues to occur in the United States. Hispanic infants have an increased risk of CRS. Missed opportunities for postpartum rubella vaccination were identified for 52% of indigenous CRS cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reef, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 636 EP 641 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 112UL UT WOS:000075512700005 PM 9728530 ER PT J AU Nahmias, AJ Clark, WS Kourtis, AP Lee, FK Cotsonis, G Ibegbu, C Thea, D Palumbo, P Vink, P Simonds, RJ Nesheim, SR AF Nahmias, AJ Clark, WS Kourtis, AP Lee, FK Cotsonis, G Ibegbu, C Thea, D Palumbo, P Vink, P Simonds, RJ Nesheim, SR CA CDC Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission TI Thymic dysfunction and time of infection predict mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Retroviruses adn Opportunistic Infections CY JAN 22, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; CHILDREN; TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; LOAD; AGE AB The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced thymic dysfunction (TD) on mortality was studied in 265 infected infants in the CDC Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study. TD was defined as both CD4 and CD8 T cell counts below the 5th percentile of joint distribution for uninfected infants within 6 months of life, The 40 HIV-infected infants with TD (15%) had a significantly greater mortality than did the 225 children without TD (44% vs. 9% within 2 years). Infants with TD infected in utero had higher mortality than did those infected intrapartum (70% vs. 37% within 2 years), while no significant difference was noted between infants without TD with either mode of transmission. The TD profile was independent of plasma virus load. Virus-induced TD by particular HIV strains and the time of transmission are likely to explain the variation in pathogenesis and patterns of disease progression and suggest the need for early aggressive therapies for HIV-infected infants with TD. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Pediat Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Perinatal HIV Transmiss Collaborat Ctr, New York, NY USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Newark, DE USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Nahmias, AJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, 69 Bulter St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM Andre_Nahmias@oz.pedemory.edu NR 23 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 680 EP 685 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 112UL UT WOS:000075512700010 PM 9728535 ER PT J AU Roberts, ED Bohm, RP Lowrie, RC Habicht, G Katona, L Piesman, J Philipp, MT AF Roberts, ED Bohm, RP Lowrie, RC Habicht, G Katona, L Piesman, J Philipp, MT TI Pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis in the rhesus monkey: The early disseminated and chronic phases of disease in the peripheral nervous system SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IXth Annual International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis and Other Tick-Borne Disorders CY APR 19-20, 1996 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI LIPOPROTEINS; OUTER SURFACE LIPOPROTEINS; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; SCHWANN-CELLS; INFECTION; MODEL; LIPOPEPTIDES; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; ANALOGS AB The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of early and late neuroborreliosis of the peripheral nervous system were investigated in rhesus macaques infected with the JD1 strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection was proven by culture or polymerase chain reaction analysis of skin biopsies and indirectly by Western blot analysis. Three months after infection, neuritis involving multiple nerves was the most consistent neurologic manifestation. Both macrophages and B lymphocytes but not T. lymphocytes were present in the cellular infiltrates. Axonal structures surrounding infiltrates had changes consisting of demyelination and axonal phagocytosis. Some of the Schwann cells in lesions stained with anti-nitrotyrosine and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies. B. burgdorferi, or antigens thereof, were visualized immunohistochemically within macrophages. Forty-six months after infection, the most common changes were regenerative, whereas neuritis was infrequent. Aberrant axonal regeneration, irregularly sized myelinated fibers, and fibrosis were frequently observed. Possible mechanisms to explain the appearance and subsidence of Lyme neuritis are discussed. C1 Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, Covington, LA 70433 USA. Tulane Univ, Med Ctr, Covington, LA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Roberts, ED (reprint author), Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, 18703 3 Rivers Rd, Covington, LA 70433 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00164]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU606604] NR 39 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 722 EP 732 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 112UL UT WOS:000075512700016 PM 9728541 ER PT J AU Shapiro, RL Altekruse, S Hutwagner, L Bishop, R Hammond, R Wilson, S Ray, B Thompson, S Tauxe, RV Griffin, PM AF Shapiro, RL Altekruse, S Hutwagner, L Bishop, R Hammond, R Wilson, S Ray, B Thompson, S Tauxe, RV Griffin, PM CA Vibrio Working Grp TI The role of Gulf Coast oysters harvested in warmer months in Vibrio vulnificus infections in the United States, 1988-1996 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-16, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID IRON; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; SATURATION; SHELLSTOCK; DISEASE; FLORIDA; CHOLERA; SERUM AB Vibrio vulnificus infections are highly lethal and associated with consumption of raw shellfish and exposure of wounds to seawater. V. vulnificus infections were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 23 states. For primary septicemia infections, oyster trace-backs were performed and water temperature data obtained at harvesting sites. Between 1988 and 1996, 422 infections were reported; 45% were wound infections, 43% primary septicemia, 5% gastroenteritis, and 7% from undetermined exposure. Eighty-six percent of patients were male, and 96% with primary septicemia consumed raw oysters. Sixty-one percent with primary septicemia died; underlying liver disease was associated with fatal outcome, All trace-backs with complete information implicated oysters harvested in the Gulf of Mexico; 89% were harvested in water >22 degrees C, the mean annual temperature at the harvesting sites (P <.0001), Control measures should focus on the increased risk from oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico during warm months as well as education about host susceptibility factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Epidemiol Branch, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Bur Environ Epidemiol, State Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. State Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Epidemiol Sect, New Orleans, LA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. RP Shapiro, RL (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 25 TC 126 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 752 EP 759 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 112UL UT WOS:000075512700019 PM 9728544 ER PT J AU Bornay-Llinares, FJ da Silva, AJ Moura, H Schwartz, DA Visvesvara, GS Pieniazek, NJ Cruz-Lopez, A Hernandez-Jauregui, P Guerrero, J Enriquez, FJ AF Bornay-Llinares, FJ da Silva, AJ Moura, H Schwartz, DA Visvesvara, GS Pieniazek, NJ Cruz-Lopez, A Hernandez-Jauregui, P Guerrero, J Enriquez, FJ TI Immunologic, microscopic, and molecular evidence of Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Septata intestinalis) infection in mammals other than humans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; MICROSPORIDIAL INFECTIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; AIDS PATIENTS; N-SP; CUNICULI AB Encephalitozoon intestinalis (Septata intestinalis) is the second most prevalent microsporidian species infecting humans, but it has not been described in other animal species. This investigation examined 10 domestic animal stool samples (8 mammalian, 2 avian) containing spores detected by anti-Encephalitozoon monoclonal antibody immunofluorescence (FA). The presence of E. intestinalis but not Encephalitozoon hellem or Encephalitozoon cuniculi was confirmed in 6 of 8 mammalian stool samp:ies by species-specific FA and polymerase chain reaction, Clusters of spores inside epithelial cells were observed in feces of five mammals (donkey, dog, pig, cow, and goat) using "quick-hot" Gram-chromotrope stain. None of the 10 samples reacted with anti-E. hellem or anti-E. cuniculi sera, nor were they amplified with species-specific primers for E. hellem and E, cuniculi. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of E. intestinalis in animals other than humans. The data shown herein suggest the possibility that E. intestinalis infection may be zoonotic in origin. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miguel Hernandez, Ctr Bioingn, Div Microbiol, Alicante, Spain. UERJ, Fac Ciencias Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Hosp Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Autonoma Puebla, Escuela Med, Dept Agentes Biol, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Inst Invest Biomed Oriente, Puebla, Mexico. RP Enriquez, FJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Bldg 90,Room 202,POB 210090, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [PHS T37-TW00036] NR 27 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 112UL UT WOS:000075512700027 PM 9728552 ER PT J AU Moss, DM Chappell, CL Okhuysen, PC DuPont, HL Arrowood, MJ Hightower, AW Lammie, PJ AF Moss, DM Chappell, CL Okhuysen, PC DuPont, HL Arrowood, MJ Hightower, AW Lammie, PJ TI The antibody response to 27-, 17-, and 15-kDa Cryptosporidium antigens following experimental infection in humans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the American-Society-of-Parasitologists / Society-of-Protozoologists CY JUN 11-15, 1996 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Amer Soc Parasitologists, Soc Protozoologists ID HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PARVUM; OUTBREAK; INTENSITY; OOCYSTS; IGA AB Previous studies have suggested that persons infected with Cryptosporidium parvum develop antibody responses to 27-, 17-, and 15-kDa C, parvum antigens, Studies of volunteers infected with Cryptosporidium species provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between antibody reactivity to these antigens and infection outcome. As monitored by immunoblot, increases in specific antibody reactivity were more prevalent among volunteers who developed signs and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis (n = 11) than among asymptomatic infected (n = 7; P =.05) or oocyst-negative volunteers (n = 11; P =.02), Volunteers with preexisting IgG antibody to the 27-kDa antigen excreted fewer oocysts than volunteers without this antibody (P =.003), IgG reactivity to the 17-kDa antigens and IgM reactivity to the 27-kDa antigens were higher at day 0 for asymptomatic infected persons than for those who developed symptoms (P =.03 and P =.04, respectively). These results suggest that characteristic antibody responses develop following C, parvum infection and that persons with preexisting antibodies may be less likely to develop illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Ctr Infect Dis, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-02558] NR 19 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 178 IS 3 BP 827 EP 833 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 112UL UT WOS:000075512700028 PM 9728553 ER PT J AU Brogdon, WG AF Brogdon, WG TI Measurement of flight tone differentiates among members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex (Diptera : Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae complex; sound; flight tone; behavior ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; ALBOPICTUS DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; MOSQUITOS; BEHAVIOR AB Through digital sampling and resampling at 5,000 and 20,000 Hz of amplified mosquito flight sound, baseline separation was observed for flight tone frequency distributions of male and female Anopheles gambiae Giles, An. arabiensis, Patton, An. merus Donitz, and An. melas Theobald. Males of the 4 species showed flight tones considerably higher than females. Up to 7 harmonics were measured for each species. Close correspondence for each individual mosquito of the means of the night tone harmonics (corrected for harmonic number) demonstrated the accuracy and precision of the method. These data indicate that night tone differences have been subjected to selection and may act as an isolating mechanism for mating or serve some other behavioral purpose in these mosquitoes. Individuals and swarms of sympatric species were distinguished from each other for both males and females, but the allopatric species, An. merus and An. melas, were indistinguishable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 35 IS 5 BP 681 EP 684 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124YN UT WOS:000076210500011 PM 9775592 ER PT J AU Costero, A Edman, JD Clark, GG Scott, TW AF Costero, A Edman, JD Clark, GG Scott, TW TI Life table study of Aedes aegypti (Diptera : Culicidae) in Puerto Rico fed only human blood versus blood plus sugar SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; life table; Puerto Rico ID FITNESS; ASSAY AB Life table studies were performed in 1996 with Aedes aegypti (L.) during the low (cool/dry) and high (hot/rainy) dengue virus transmission seasons in Puerto Rico. Mated adult females from field-collected pupae were placed individually in cases and divided into 2 treatment groups: one was fed only human blood and the other human blood plus a 10% sucrose solution. Survival and number of eggs laid were recorded daily fbr each female. During both seasons, age specific survivorship was higher for the blood plus sugar group, groups fed only human blood had higher reproductive outputs (m(x)), and net replacement rates (R-o) for blood only groups were higher than for those fed blood plus sugar. Intrinsic rates of growth (r) were the same for both treatments during the low (cool/dry) transmission season, but higher for the blood-only treatment during the high (hot/rainy) transmission season. Our results indicate that feeding on only human blood provides an evolutionary advantage to Ae. aegypti females in Puerto Rico. These results are similar to those from an earlier study carried out with Ae, aegypti in Thailand; the advantage of feeding on human blood does not seem to be restricted to a particular geographic region. We also found that the benefits associated with human feeding persist through epidemiologically different times of the year. We conclude that feeding on human blood is reproductively beneficial for Ae. aegypti, which map increase their contact with human hosts, and therefore may influence their vectorial capacity for dengue viruses through frequent feeding on blood. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. CDC, San Juan Labs, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. RP Costero, A (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22119] NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 35 IS 5 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124YN UT WOS:000076210500032 PM 9775613 ER PT J AU Martorell, R Khan, LK Hughes, ML Grummer-Strawn, LM AF Martorell, R Khan, LK Hughes, ML Grummer-Strawn, LM TI Obesity in Latin American women and children SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth Congress of the Sociedad-Latinoamericana-de-Nutricion CY NOV 09-15, 1997 CL GUATEMALA CITY, GUATEMALA SP Soc Latinoamer Nutr DE overweight; obesity; Latin America and Caribbean; Mexican Americans ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION TRANSITION; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; POPULATIONS; CHILDHOOD; HEALTH; BRAZIL AB National surveys conducted since 1982 were used to assess maternal and child obesity in Latin American and Caribbean countries and in U.S. residents of Mexican descent. Obesity in women, a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2), was 3% in Haiti, 8-10% in eight Latin American countries and 29% in Mexican Americans. Median BMI for Latin American women were near or above the 50th percentile of the general U.S. population; values exceeded the 75th percentile in the case of Mexican Americans. The prevalence of overweight (>1 so above mean weight-for-height) in children 1-5 y of age ranged from 6% in Haiti to 24% in Peru among 13 countries. Overweight occurred in 24% of Mexican-American children. Prevalences of overweight in children and of obesity in women were greater in urban areas and in households of higher socioeconomic status. Overweight in children increased with higher maternal education; however, in some countries, obesity in women decreased with higher education. No general pattern of change over time was observed in eight countries in overweight in children. Obesity in women increased in the three countries with such data and in Mexican-American women and children. There was a tendency for greater national incomes to be associated with greater obesity levels in women and with lower levels of stunting in children. Levels of obesity in the region indicate a public health concern, particularly among women, considering that studies have identified mortality and morbidity risks associated with obesity in adults. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Martorell, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 36 TC 142 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 128 IS 9 BP 1464 EP 1473 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 117ML UT WOS:000075785200009 PM 9732306 ER PT J AU Page, E Trout, D AF Page, E Trout, D TI Mycotoxins and building-related illness SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HEALTH; ENVIRONMENT; TOXICOSIS; OUTBREAK C1 NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Page, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 40 IS 9 BP 761 EP 763 DI 10.1097/00043764-199809000-00001 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 121MG UT WOS:000076017100001 PM 9777557 ER PT J AU Bernard, B Nelson, N Estill, CF Fine, L AF Bernard, B Nelson, N Estill, CF Fine, L TI The NIOSH review of hand-arm vibration syndrome: Vigilance is crucial SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDUCED WHITE FINGER; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SHIPYARD WORKERS; PREVALENCE C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bernard, B (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 40 IS 9 BP 780 EP 785 DI 10.1097/00043764-199809000-00006 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 121MG UT WOS:000076017100005 PM 9777561 ER PT J AU Tomar, SL Azevedo, AB Lawson, R AF Tomar, SL Azevedo, AB Lawson, R TI Adult dental visits in California: Successes and challenges SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Public-Health-Dentistry, 60th CY OCT 15-17, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Assoc Publ Hlth Dent DE adult dental visits; California; Healthy People 2000; BRFSS; health services accessibility; dental insurance; socioeconomic status; telephone survey ID CARE UTILIZATION; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH AB Objectives: This study sought to estimate and characterize the proportion of California adults who visited a dentist in the preceding year and to identify reasons for not going. Methods: In 1995, 4,029 adults were interviewed by telephone as part of the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Items included recentness of a dental visit, dental insurance status, and number of teeth lost due to disease. Persons who had not seen a dentist within the preceding year were asked the main reason they had not gone. Results: In 1995, 65.9% of adults reported visiting a dentist in the preceding twelve months. Use of dental services was greater among persons aged 35 years or older (70.4%) than among those aged 18-34 years (58.4%) and among those with dental insurance (74.9%) than those without (54.4%). Dental visits were less likely among adults living at or below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, those with less than a high school education, and the edentulous. Reasons most commonly cited for not seeing a dentist were no perceived reason to go (37.2%), cost (30.7%), and fear (9.2%). Conclusion: Substantial variation in use of dental services exists among California's adults. Achieving equity in access and opportunity for disease prevention in this state may require expanded dental insurance coverage and serious efforts in oral health promotion. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Dent, Dept Dent Publ Hlth & Hyg, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Calif State Dept Hlth Serv, Off Dent Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Tomar, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1998.tb03009.x PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 206MD UT WOS:000080882100004 PM 10390709 ER PT J AU Stevenson, M Brewer, RD Lee, V AF Stevenson, M Brewer, RD Lee, V TI The spatial relationship between licensed alcohol outlets and alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes in Gwinnett County, Georgia SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle crashes; alcohol ID DRIVERS AB This study was conducted to determine if alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes are more likely to occur near on-site, retail alcohol outlets, and to evaluate the usefulness of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology for assessing potential risk factors for alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes. We compared drivers aged 17 years and older who were involved in an alcohol-related single-vehicle crash from January 1994 through December 1995 in Gwinnett County, Georgia (referred to as case drivers), with those who were involved in a non-alcohol-related single-vehicle crash (referred to as control drivers). We used the Gwinnett County Department of Transportation file to select case and control drivers and to obtain descriptive information on the drivers and the crashes. We used GIS to determine the distance between crash sites and on-site, retail alcohol outlets and to assess if crashes clustered around outlet locations. We identified a total of 299 case drivers and randomly selected 331 control drivers. A similar percentage of case drivers and control drivers crashed within 0.49 miles of a licensed premise (26% versus 24%). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found no significant association between alcohol-related single-vehicle crashes and close proximity to an on-site, retail alcohol outlet. Single-vehicle alcohol-related crashes are not associated with dose proximity to an on-site, retail alcohol outlet. GIS technology can be useful for assessing potential environmental risk factors for alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes, such as retail alcohol outlets, and for planning public health interventions that promote traffic safety. Published by National Safety Council and Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevenson, M (reprint author), Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. OI Stevenson, Mark/0000-0003-3166-5876 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 29 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1016/S0022-4375(98)00016-4 PG 7 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 115CD UT WOS:000075645200007 ER PT J AU Wang, YC AF Wang, YC TI Probability of correct identification of non-additive cells in row-column designs SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE LA English DT Article DE row-column design; Latin square; non-additivity; search linear model AB Consider a row-column design with m non-additive (NA) cells. Let delta(h) (h = 1,..., m) be the amount of non-additivity in the hth NA cell. Let sigma(2) be the error variance. The set of NA cells and the delta's are all unknown, and must be identified (so that the estimates of treatment contrasts be made distortion free). Let U be a set of m distinct cells, and S-e(2)(U) be the sum of squares due to error using all data, but ignoring the cells U. Consider Srivastava's rule R-1 (introduced by Srivastava in search linear model theory) of identifying NA cells: take U-0 as the set of NA cells if and only if S-e(2)(U) is minimum for U = U-0. It has been proved that the m NA cells are identifiable if and only if R-1 can identify them when sigma(2) = 0. For the noisy cases, what is the probability of correct identification of NA cells using R-1 technique? In this paper, we shall study non-additivity of row-column designs for the noisy cases and develop some general theoretical methods to find the probability of correct identification of NA cells. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3758 J9 J STAT PLAN INFER JI J. Stat. Plan. Infer. PD SEP 1 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 391 EP 408 DI 10.1016/S0378-3758(98)00072-X PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 130NX UT WOS:000076527100028 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Crall, JJ Schneider, DA AF Vargas, CM Crall, JJ Schneider, DA TI Sociodemographic distribution of pediatric dental caries: NHANES III, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; PREVALENCE AB This article examines the extent to which caries prevalence and untreated caries vary in children by ethnicity and household income level. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, for 10,332 children 2 to 18 years of age indicate that lower-income children and Mexican-American and African-American children are more likely to have a higher prevalence of caries and more unmet treatment needs than their higher-income and non-Hispanic white counterparts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Agcy Hlth Care Policy & Res, Rockville, MD 20854 USA. US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Off Medicaid & State Operat, Baltimore, MD 21207 USA. RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 12 TC 236 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 129 IS 9 BP 1229 EP 1238 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 118RK UT WOS:000075853600020 PM 9766104 ER PT J AU Ervin, RB Smiciklas-Wright, H AF Ervin, RB Smiciklas-Wright, H TI Using encoding and retrieval strategies to improve 24-hour dietary recalls among older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AGE-DIFFERENCES; VALIDITY; MEMORY; ACCURACY AB Objective To examine whether using an encoding strategy and/or providing more support at the time of retrieval improves the accuracy of 24-hour dietary recalls among the elderly. Design Posttest-only control group design. Setting The sample was recruited through advertisements and at senior centers and a low-income apartment building in rural central Pennsylvania. Subjects Study participants were 21 men and 73 women aged 58 years old and older. Everyone completed the study. Intervention The treatment group was unobtrusively guided in use of an encoding strategy before consuming the prepared meal. Main outcome measures A 24-hour dietary recall and recognition tests were administered the next day for the foods consumed at the meal and for serving sizes of 5 of the foods. Memory tests were also administered. Statistical analyses performed Linear regression was used to examine differences between the treatment and control groups and to identify variables that explained variation in the number of foods correctly recalled or recognized. The chi(2) test was used to examine correct vs incorrect recall or recognition of the serving sizes of the 5 foods between the groups and to identify explanatory variables for this task. Results Subjects remembered more foods when they used an encoding strategy and when recognition replaced free recall; they performed best when both strategies were used. Use of this encoding strategy did not improve accurate recall or recognition of serving sizes of 5 foods; however, performances did improve when recognition replaced free recall. Conclusions Among older adults, use of an encoding strategy and provision of support at the time of retrieval enhances memory of foods consumed but not of amounts consumed. To strengthen memory of foods consumed, older adults need to perform effortful memory tasks when they are eating. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ervin, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [T32 AG00048] NR 38 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 989 EP 994 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00227-2 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 116ZX UT WOS:000075756200009 PM 9739798 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Iverson, C Messmer, T Erdman, D Lett, SM Talkington, DF Anderson, LJ Fields, B Carlone, GM Breiman, RF Cetron, MS AF Fiore, AE Iverson, C Messmer, T Erdman, D Lett, SM Talkington, DF Anderson, LJ Fields, B Carlone, GM Breiman, RF Cetron, MS TI Outbreak of pneumonia in a long-term care facility: Antecedent human parainfluenza virus 1 infection may predispose to bacterial pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; VACCINE; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the causes of an outbreak of lobar pneumonia. DESIGN: Matched (1:2) case-control study. SETTING: A 70-bed chronic care facility for older people. PARTICIPANTS: Residents of the facility. RESULTS: Ten residents developed pneumonia over a 10-day period. Two residents died. One case-patient had Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia; another had polymerase chain reaction evidence of S. pneumoniae infection. No other etiologic agent was identified. Only four of 10 case-patients had received routine diagnostic cultures of blood or sputum before the administration of antibiotics. Symptoms of upper respiratory illness (URI) among residents before the pneumonia outbreak corresponded with elevation of antibodies to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV1). In a matched case-control study, six of 10 case-patients, compared with five of 20 controls, had symptoms of URI during the preceding month (matched odds ratio (MOR) = 4.5, 95% CI = 0.8-33). Nine case-patients had serum available, and five of these had both serologic evidence of recent HPIV1 infection and recent URI, compared with two of 18 controls (MOR = 9.0, 95% CI = 1.2-208). Only three residents had documentation of pneumococcal vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Noninfluenza viral infections may play a role in the pathogenesis of some bacterial pneumonias. S. pneumoniae was the cause of at least two pneumonias; lack of preantibiotic cultures may have interfered with isolation of S. pneumoniae in others. Recent HPIV1 infection was epidemiologically linked to subsequently developing pneumonia. Spread of HPIV1 in the facility may have contributed to increased susceptibility to S. pneumoniae and, potentially, to other bacterial pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Resp Dis Branch,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, US PHS, US Dept HHS,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enteroviral Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Div Quarantine,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, Boston, MA USA. RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Epidemiol Program Off, MS D18,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1112 EP 1117 PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 116TR UT WOS:000075741400008 PM 9736104 ER PT J AU Osunkoya, AO Obisesan, TO Gillum, Z AF Osunkoya, AO Obisesan, TO Gillum, Z TI The association between age-related macular degeneration and hypertension in the US in NHANES III. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 46 IS 9 MA P279 BP S86 EP S86 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 116TR UT WOS:000075741400345 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Obisesan, TO Gillum, RF AF Vargas, CM Obisesan, TO Gillum, RF TI Serum ionized calcium and blood pressure in the US elderly population in NHANES III. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Howard Univ, Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Geriatr, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 46 IS 9 MA P281 BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 116TR UT WOS:000075741400347 ER PT J AU Adhami, J Reiter, P AF Adhami, J Reiter, P TI Introduction and establishment of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse (Diptera : Culicidae) in Albania SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; used tires; Albania ID VECTOR COMPETENCE; ARBOVIRUSES; MOSQUITOS; VIRUSES; STRAINS; AEGYPTI; NORTH; FEVER AB In August-October 1979, infestations of the mosquito Aedes albopictus were discovered at a number of widely separated sites in Albania. Used tires were the principal larval habitat. The species was probably introduced from China in the mid-1970s. The initial infestation was probably at a rubber factory adjacent to the port of Durres (Durazzo), from where the mosquito was shipped in tires to recapping plants in other parts of the country. This is the first recorded infestation of Ae. albopictus outside Oriental and Australasian regions. C1 Kerkimor Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Parasitol Sect, Tirana, Albania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, San Juan, PR USA. RP Adhami, J (reprint author), Blloku 50 Vjetori,P 2,SH 2-11, Tirana, Albania. NR 27 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 14 IS 3 BP 340 EP 343 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 136KY UT WOS:000076859000015 PM 9813831 ER PT J AU Qu, YS Hadgu, A AF Qu, YS Hadgu, A TI A model for evaluating sensitivity and specificity for correlated diagnostic tests in efficacy studies with an imperfect reference test SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE conditional independence; EM algorithm; finite mixture models; item response theory; sensitivity; specificity ID LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS; EM ALGORITHM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; AGREEMENT; ERROR AB The purpose of a diagnostic efficacy study is to evaluate and compare the sensitivities and specificities of several diagnostic tests. Usually the diagnostic tests are correlated conditional on disease status, and the reference test is subject to error. In the Chlamydia trachomatis study, five screening tests far detecting chlamydia in endocervical specimens were compared. The five tests are correlated, and the reference test (the cell culture test) has less than 100% sensitivity. The conventional method ignores both the correlations between the tests and the misclassification of the reference test and thus cannot provide a valid analysis. We propose a model to evaluate and compare the sensitivities and specificities of correlated diagnostic tests when there is either an imperfect reference test or even no reference test. The model also can estimate the effects of covariates. It is a generalized linear mixed model with two unobserved variables, one continuous and one dichotomous. We use a hybrid algorithm, which consists of the EM algorithm and the Newton-Raphson method, for obtaining its maximum likelihood estimation. Methods fur model checking and for estimating and comparing both subject-specific and population-averaged sensitivities and specificities are given. C1 Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Qu, YS (reprint author), Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. NR 23 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 93 IS 443 BP 920 EP 928 DI 10.2307/2669830 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 123BG UT WOS:000076105500012 ER PT J AU LeDuc, JW AF LeDuc, JW TI Surveillance at the international level SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases - Meeting the Challenge CY JUN, 1995 CL NEW YORK ACAD MED, NEW YORK, NEW YORK HO NEW YORK ACAD MED C1 WHO, Div Communicable Div, Geneva, Switzerland. RP LeDuc, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 522 EP 525 DI 10.1007/BF02427700 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 118GB UT WOS:000075829100020 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Conference summary SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.1007/BF02427701 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 118GB UT WOS:000075829100021 ER PT J AU Meinkoth, JH Ewing, SA Cowell, RL Dawson, JE Warner, CK Mathew, JS Bowles, M Thiessen, AE Panciera, RJ Fox, C AF Meinkoth, JH Ewing, SA Cowell, RL Dawson, JE Warner, CK Mathew, JS Bowles, M Thiessen, AE Panciera, RJ Fox, C TI Morphologic and molecular evidence of a dual species ehrlichial infection in a dog presenting with inflammatory central nervous system disease SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS; CAUSATIVE AGENT; CHAFFEENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PASSAGE; HORSES C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anat Pathol & Pharmacol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Infect Dis & Physiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Med & Surg, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meinkoth, JH (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anat Pathol & Pharmacol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 12 IS 5 BP 389 EP 393 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 120AJ UT WOS:000075931300012 PM 9773417 ER PT J AU Rogers, MM Ahluwalia, IB Melvin, CL AF Rogers, MM Ahluwalia, IB Melvin, CL TI The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth,Program Serv & Dev Branch, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Syst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rogers, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth,Program Serv & Dev Branch, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Syst, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 1998 VL 7 IS 7 BP 799 EP 801 DI 10.1089/jwh.1998.7.799 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 123XB UT WOS:000076149900010 PM 9785304 ER PT J AU Miagostovich, MP Nogueira, RMR Schatzmayr, HG Lanciotti, RS AF Miagostovich, MP Nogueira, RMR Schatzmayr, HG Lanciotti, RS TI Molecular epidemiology of DEN-2 virus in Brazil SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP ORSTOM, CNRS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Oswaldo Cruz Inst, CNPq, Brazil, FAPERJ, Brazil, CAPES, Brazil, FNS, Brazil, INTERACTIVA Biotechnol Gmbh, Sigma Chem Co, Brazil DE dengue virus type 2; sequencing; Brazil C1 Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, Lab Flavivirus, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Miagostovich, MP (reprint author), Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, Lab Flavivirus, Av Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 93 IS 5 BP 625 EP 626 DI 10.1590/S0074-02761998000500011 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 119UJ UT WOS:000075915900011 PM 9830528 ER PT J AU Xiao, L Sulaiman, I Fayer, R Lal, AA AF Xiao, L Sulaiman, I Fayer, R Lal, AA TI Species and strain-specific typing of Cryptosporidium parasites in clinical and environmental samples SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics of Infectious Diseases CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SP ORSTOM, CNRS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Oswaldo Cruz Inst, CNPq, Brazil, FAPERJ, Brazil, CAPES, Brazil, FNS, Brazil, INTERACTIVA Biotechnol Gmbh, Sigma Chem Co, Brazil DE Cryptosporidium; phylogeny; genotype; ribosomal RNA ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; OOCYST WALL; PARVUM; APICOMPLEXA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; RESTRICTION; SEQUENCE AB Cryptosporidiosis has recently attracted attention as an emerging waterborne and foodborne disease as well as an opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals. the lack of genetic information however, has resulted in confusion in the taxonomy of Cryptosporidium parasites and in the development of molecular tools for the identification and typing of oocysts in environmental samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene has shown that the genus Cryptosporidium comprises several distinct species. Our data show the presence of at least four species: C. parvum, C. muris, C. baileyi and C. serpentis (C. meleagridis, C. nasorum and C. felis were not studied). Within each species, there is some sequence variation. Thus, various genotypes (genotype 1, genotype 2, guinea pig genotype, monkey genotype and koala genotype, etc.) of C. parvum differ from each other in six regions of the SSU rRNA gene. Information on polymorphism in Cryptosporidium parasites has been sued in the development of species and strain-specific diagnostic tools. Use of these tools in the characterization of oocysts in various samples indicates that C. parvum genotype 1 is the strain responsible for most human Cryptosporidium infections. In contrast, genotype 2 is probably one of the major sources for environmental contamination, and has been found in most oysters examined from Chesapeake Bay that may serve as biologic monitors of estuarine waters. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ARS, USDA, Parasite Immunobiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 30 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 93 IS 5 BP 687 EP 691 DI 10.1590/S0074-02761998000500022 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 119UJ UT WOS:000075915900022 PM 9830539 ER PT J AU Brinton, LA Brogan, DR Coates, RJ Swanson, CA Potischman, N Stanford, JL AF Brinton, LA Brogan, DR Coates, RJ Swanson, CA Potischman, N Stanford, JL TI Breast cancer risk among women under 55 years of age by joint effects of usage of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; oral contraceptives; hormone replacement therapy; risk ID EXPANDED CASE-CONTROL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MENOPAUSAL ESTROGENS; COHORT AB Objective: To assess effects on breast cancer risk of exposure to both oral contraceptives and menopausal hormones, an increasingly common exposure. Design: A case-control study of breast cancer among women under the age of 55 years in Atlanta, GA involving 1,031 cases and 919 population controls was conducted. Results: Ever use of oral contraceptives was associated with a relative risk of 1.1 (95% 0.9-1.4), whereas the relative risk for hormone replacement therapy was 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.2). Seventeen percent of the cases versus 19% of the population controls reported exposure to both agents, resulting in a relative risk of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.4) relative to those unexposed to either preparation. Although there was little variation in risk associated with joint effects by either age or race, there were statistically nonsignificant elevations in risk for this exposure among women who had experienced a natural menopause (relative risk = 2.0, 95% CI 0.7-5.6), were relatively thin (relative risk = 1.5, 0.8-3.0), or who had a first degree relative with breast cancer (relative risk = 2.0, 0.6-7.0), When joint effects of longer term use of both agents were considered, subjects who reported use of oral contraceptives for 10 or more years and hormone replacement for 3 or more years had a relative risk of 3.2 (95% CI 1.4-7.4) compared with nonusers of either preparation. Conclusions: Although our results must be cautiously interpreted given small numbers within subgroups, they raise concern and emphasize the need for further evaluation on breast cancer risk of the increasingly common exposure to both oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. (Menopause 1998;5:145-151. (C) 1998, The North American Menopause Society.). C1 NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Brinton, LA (reprint author), NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Execut Plaza N,Room 443,6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7374, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 120QF UT WOS:000075966600003 PM 9774759 ER PT J AU Gomez, E Moore, A Sanchez, J Kool, J Castellanos, PL Feris, JM Kolczak, M Levine, OS AF Gomez, E Moore, A Sanchez, J Kool, J Castellanos, PL Feris, JM Kolczak, M Levine, OS TI The epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage among infants and young children in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; epidemiology; carriage; vaccines ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; RISK-FACTORS; OROPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; PHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; PROTEIN CONJUGATE; INVASIVE DISEASE; ALASKAN ESKIMOS; ANTISERUM AGAR AB Background Whether herd immunity will occur with widespread Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in developing countries is dependent on whether the vaccines are capable of reducing carriage in these settings. However, few population-based studies of Hib carriage in developing countries exist. Methods. To study Hib carriage in the Dominican Republic, we collected nasopharyngeal swab specimens from a population-based sample of 983 children 0 to 47 months old in a periurban area of Santo Domingo, Results, Nasopharyngeal swabs of 76 (7.7%) children were positive for Hib, Rib carriage varied by age group with a low of 1.5% among 0 to 5 month olds, a peak of 12.5% in 6 to 11 month olds and prevalence rates of 6.0, 7.9 and 9.8% among 1-, 2- and 3-year-olds, respectively. Hib carriage was 51% lower among currently breast-fed 6 to 11 month olds than among those not currently breast-fed (18.2% vs. 9.0%; P = 0.08). Conclusions. Infants and young children in Santo Domingo have high rates of Hib carriage, characterized by an early peak in carriage that corresponds with the peak of risk for Hib meningitis, The ability of Hib vaccines to diminish carriage to levels that will effectively reduce transmission and lead to herd immunity in this setting needs to be determined. C1 Secretaria Estado Salud Publ & Asistencia Social, Dept Nacl Epidemiol, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Clin Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Dept Enfermendades Infectocontagiosas, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Org Panamer Salud, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 BP 782 EP 786 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 126ER UT WOS:000076280400003 PM 9779761 ER PT J AU Lanphear, BP Hall, CB Black, J Auinger, P AF Lanphear, BP Hall, CB Black, J Auinger, P TI Risk factors for the early acquisition of human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 infections in children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus; human herpesvirus 6; human herpesvirus 7; children; infection; risk factors; breast-feeding ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; HHV-6; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; INFANTS; ADULTS; VIRUS AB Objective, Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) are common infections in children, but risk factors for their early acquisition have not been described. Methods, Excess sera fi om children 12 to 31 months of age enrolled in a cross-sectional, random survey were tested for human herpesviruses 6 and 7 infection,as measured by using immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays. Results, Of 164 children 131 (80%) had antibody to HHV-6, and 79 (47%) of 167 had antibody to HHV-7, In logistic regression analysis low income [odds ratio (OR), 2.9; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.02 to 8.7] and having more than 1 sibling (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.9 to 5.1) were risk factors for HHV-6 infection after adjusting for age, whereas month of test (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.3 to 5.9) and Black pace (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.9, 4.6) were associated with a higher prevalence of HHV-7 infection. In contrast having ever been breastfed appeared to protect against HHV-7 infection (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3 to 1.1). Conclusions. Despite studies linking both HHV-6 and HHV-7 with exanthem subitum, risk factors for the early acquisition of HHV-6 and HHV-7 are distinct, Subsequent studies investigating the transmission of HHV-6 should explore family size and other factors associated with poverty, whereas breast-feeding should be examined as a protective factor for HHV-7 infection. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Gen & Community Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lanphear, BP (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Gen & Community Pediat, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [2T-32 PE-12002]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI33020-02] NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 BP 792 EP 795 DI 10.1097/00006454-199809000-00008 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 126ER UT WOS:000076280400005 PM 9779763 ER PT J AU Bennett, J Erdman, D Glass, R Bellini, W Heath, J Simasathien, S Migasena, S AF Bennett, J Erdman, D Glass, R Bellini, W Heath, J Simasathien, S Migasena, S TI Measles vaccine failure and infections SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE measles; vaccine failure C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mahidol Univ, Vaccine Trial Ctr, Pramongkutklao Hosp, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. RP Bennett, J (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 BP 850 EP 850 DI 10.1097/00006454-199809000-00027 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 126ER UT WOS:000076280400024 PM 9779782 ER PT J AU Lagos, R Levine, OS Avendano, A Horwitz, I Levine, MM AF Lagos, R Levine, OS Avendano, A Horwitz, I Levine, MM TI The introduction of routine Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Chile: a framework for evaluating new vaccines in newly industrializing countries SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Infection in Asia CY DEC 17-19, 1996 CL BALI, INDONESIA SP Assoc Med Prevent, Fdn Marcel Merieux, Childrens Vaccine Initiat DE Haemophilus influenzae; Haemophilus influenzae type b; conjugate vaccines; Chile ID TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; YOUNG INFANTS; LARGE-SCALE; PRP-T; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EFFICACY AB Objective. To determine the burden of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, the safety and immunogenicity of Hib conjugate vaccine, the practicality of combining Hib conjugate and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines and the effectiveness of routine vaccination. Study designs. A series of studies were carried out involving infants and children in Santiago, Chile. The study designs included retrospective surveillance, cost-benefit analysis, randomized placebo-controlled trials of safety and immunogenicity and a Phase IV postlicensure evaluation of vaccine effectiveness. Results. The studies included in this stepwise process showed that Hib invasive disease was a significant public health problem with a substantial economic burden; that combining Hib conjugate and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines was practical, safe and elicited a strong immunologic response; and that the combined formulation afforded a high level of protection against invasive Hib disease (90% effectiveness). Conclusions. In July, 1996, Chile became only the third newly industrializing country to introduce routine Hib conjugate vaccination. New vaccines, such as Hib conjugates, will be more expensive than existing ones. The stepwise process used in Chile may serve as an example for the evaluation of new vaccines in nonindustrialized countries. C1 Serv Salud Metropolitano Norte, Ctr Vacunas Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minst Salud, Oficina Director Programas, Santiago, Chile. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Div Infect Dis & Trop Pediat,Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Geog Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lagos, R (reprint author), Assoc Aide Med Prevent, 3 Ave Pasteur, F-92430 Marnes La Coquette, France. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI45251, U01-AI35948] NR 49 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 SU S BP S139 EP S148 DI 10.1097/00006454-199809001-00010 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 126ZN UT WOS:000076325400010 PM 9781748 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Schwartz, B Pierce, N Kane, M AF Levine, OS Schwartz, B Pierce, N Kane, M TI Development, evaluation and implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines for young children in developing countries: current status and priority actions SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Infection in Asia CY DEC 17-19, 1996 CL BALI, INDONESIA SP Assoc Med Prevent, Fdn Marcel Merieux, Childrens Vaccine Initiat DE Haemophilus influenzae; Hib; pneumonia; vaccine ID PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE; COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CHILDHOOD BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; ALASKA NATIVE INFANTS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Diarrheal & Resp Dis Programme NP, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Global Programme Vaccines & Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Assoc Aide Med Prevent, 3 Ave Pasteur, F-92430 Marnes La Coquette, France. NR 131 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 SU S BP S95 EP S113 DI 10.1097/00006454-199809001-00003 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 126ZN UT WOS:000076325400003 PM 9781741 ER PT J AU Levine, OS Schwartz, B AF Levine, OS Schwartz, B TI The rationale for population-based surveillance for Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Infection in Asia CY DEC 17-19, 1996 CL BALI, INDONESIA SP Assoc Med Prevent, Fdn Marcel Merieux, Childrens Vaccine Initiat DE Haemophilus influenzae; meningitis ID BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PNEUMONIA AB Although Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines have been spectacularly successful, nearly eradicating Hib disease in countries where used routinely, they are relatively expensive. In many countries the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease is uncertain, and it is unclear whether the local burden of Hib disease warrants the costs of adding Hib vaccine to the routine immunization program. Population-based surveillance to assess the local burden of Hib disease can help decision makers with this process. Although pneumonia is more common than meningitis, surveillance for Hib meningitis and invasive disease is likely to be more feasible and efficient than surveillance for Hib pneumonia. Standardization of laboratory methods for the isolation and identification of H. influenzae from CSF specimens is essential to successful surveillance. Should a country decide to introduce Hib conjugate vaccine as a routine immunization, population-based surveillance data collected before and after the introduction of vaccine can be used to monitor its impact. Finally population-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis also can provide information on the incidence of pneumococcal and meningococcal infections and on serogroup or serotype distributions that will be important when evaluating the new vaccines for those pathogens that are being developed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levine, OS (reprint author), Assoc Aide Med Prevent, 3 Ave Pasteur, F-92430 Marnes La Coquette, France. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 SU S BP S195 EP S198 DI 10.1097/00006454-199809001-00024 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 126ZN UT WOS:000076325400024 PM 9781762 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Serbanescu, F Rochat, R Berg, CJ Iyasu, S Gargiullo, PM AF Saraiya, M Serbanescu, F Rochat, R Berg, CJ Iyasu, S Gargiullo, PM TI Trends and predictors of infant sleep positions in Georgia, 1990 to 1995 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE sudden infant death syndrome; epidemiology; prone sleep position ID DEATH-SYNDROME; RISK AB Background. In recent years, the prone sleeping position has emerged as the strongest modifiable risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, the leading cause of infant mortality between 1 month and 1 year of age in the United States. Since April 1992, sudden infant death syndrome risk-reduction strategies have included the promotion of the back or side sleeping position (nonprone) for healthy infants younger than 1 year of age. Most recently, the back position has been advocated as the best sleeping position and the side position as an alternative. Methods. To evaluate trends in prevalence of the prone position from 1990 to 1995, we used data available from the Georgia Women's Health Survey, a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 3130 women 15 to 44 years of age. We examined the position in which women put their infant to sleep in the first 2 months of life for their most recent live birth (N = 868) and determined independent predictors of prone sleep position among women who consistently used the prone or the back/side position (n = 636) using multiple logistic regression. Results. The prevalence of mothers who put their infant to sleep in the prone position significantly decreased, from 49% in 1990 to 15% in 1995. This decrease is primarily attributable to a major shift to the side position rather than to the back. Using multiple logistic regression, we found the prone sleeping position to be significantly higher among women who entered prenatal care after the first trimester (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-9.2), were black (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.1), had less than a high school education (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.4), and were living in rural Georgia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.7). For the period after April 1992, women who had previous children were 2.6 (OR, 95% CI, 1.7-4.1) times more likely to use the prone sleep position than were first-time mothers. Conclusions. The prevalence of the use of the prone sleep position for infants decreased significantly over the study period. This decrease coincided with national efforts to promote the back or side sleeping position. Increased efforts should target groups who are more likely to use the prone position to attain the national goal of less than or equal to 10% of prone position prevalence by the year 2000, with emphasis on placing the infant on the back. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol Branch,Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Prevent Branch, Perinatal Epidemiol Unit, Atlanta, GA 30301 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol Branch,Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1998 VL 102 IS 3 AR e33 DI 10.1542/peds.102.3.e33 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 117EB UT WOS:000075766800010 PM 9724681 ER PT J AU Wekesa, JW Brogdon, WG Hawley, WA Besansky, NJ AF Wekesa, JW Brogdon, WG Hawley, WA Besansky, NJ TI Flight tone of field-collected populations of Anopheles gambiae and An-arabiensis (Diptera : Culicidae) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acoustic communication; Anopheles arabiensis; A-gambiae; cryptic species; flight tone; reproductive isolation ID BODY-SIZE; SWARMING BEHAVIOR; COMPLEX; TANZANIA; SUCCESS AB Laboratory colonies of the human malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae Giles and An. arabiensis Patton have distinct flight tones. If flight tone similarly distinguishes natural populations of these sympatric sibling species, it may play a role in reproductive isolation of swarms that are otherwise behaviourally identical. To assess the fidelity of flight tone differences in natural populations, flight tone was measured in the Fl progeny of mosquitoes of both species captured in western Kenya. Flight tone distributions of wild An. gambiae and An. arabiensis were similar to their laboratory conspecifics. However, interspecies comparisons of flight tone of wild mosquitoes revealed significantly different but overlapping distributions for both sexes. Furthermore, when the effect of body size on flight tone was determined, there was a positive correlation between wing length and flight tone for both sexes of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis, suggesting that mosquito size is a significant variable affecting flight tone. Although these findings diminish any practical benefit of flight tone as a diagnostic tool in species identification, its potential role in pre-mating species recognition needs further investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Clin Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Wekesa, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6962 J9 PHYSIOL ENTOMOL JI Physiol. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3032.1998.233087.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117KM UT WOS:000075780500014 ER PT J AU Houston, T Kolbe, LJ Eriksen, MP AF Houston, T Kolbe, LJ Eriksen, MP TI Tobacco-use cessation in the '90s - Not "adults only" anymore SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Amer Med Assoc, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Houston, T (reprint author), Amer Med Assoc, Dept Prevent Med & Environm Hlth, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 27 IS 5 SU S BP A1 EP A2 DI 10.1006/pmed.1998.0421 PN 3 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 134LP UT WOS:000076744700001 PM 9808811 ER PT J AU Halperin, W Horan, JM AF Halperin, W Horan, JM TI Surveillance of injuries SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Halperin, W (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 113 IS 5 BP 424 EP 426 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161RV UT WOS:000078303600017 PM 9769767 ER PT J AU Harvey, PA Sacks, JJ Ryan, GW Bender, PF AF Harvey, PA Sacks, JJ Ryan, GW Bender, PF TI Residential smoke alarms and fire escape plans SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. To estimate the proportion of U.S. homes with installed smoke alarms, smoke alarms on the same floor as occupants' bedrooms, and fire escape plans. Methods, The authors analyzed data on smoke alarm use and fire escape planning from a 1994 stratified random telephone survey of 5238 U.S. households. Results. Respondents From 91% of surveyed households reported the presence of at least one installed smoke alarm, and 94% of respondents reported having an alarm on the same level of the home as their sleeping area. The prevalence of installed smoke alarms varied by highest education level in the household and income level. Sixty percent of all households had designed or discussed a Fire escape plan at least once; only 17% of these households had actually practiced one. Conclusions. Although overall use of smoke alarms was high, certain population subgroups were less likely to have smoke a arms or to have them installed on the same floor as bedrooms. Fire escape planning, another important safety measure. was somewhat less common, and very few respondents reported having practiced a fire escape plan with the members of their household. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Harvey, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE K63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 113 IS 5 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 161RV UT WOS:000078303600021 PM 9769771 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Brenner, FW AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Brenner, FW TI Supplement 1997 (no. 41) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 15 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1997 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 8 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 4 to subspecies salamae, 2 to subspecies diarizonae, and 1 to subsp. houtenae. In addition, the antigenic factors H:z(85) and H:z(87) are described and one modification to the Kauffmann-White scheme is reported. C1 Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Hamburg Hyg Inst, Arbeitsgrp, RKI, Natl Referenzzentrum Salmonellon & Andere Bakteri, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 149 IS 8 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(99)80008-4 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131QQ UT WOS:000076587100008 PM 9795998 ER PT J AU Arduino, MJ AF Arduino, MJ TI How should dialyzers be reprocessed? SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material ID REUSE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Arduino, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,C01, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 11 IS 5 BP 282 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1525-139X.1998.tb00368.x PG 3 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 119YZ UT WOS:000075927900008 ER PT J AU Pillay, A Liu, H Chen, CY Holloway, B Sturm, AW Steiner, B Morse, SA AF Pillay, A Liu, H Chen, CY Holloway, B Sturm, AW Steiner, B Morse, SA TI Molecular subtyping of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; SYPHILIS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; PERTENUE; PROTEIN; BINDS; VIRUS AB Background and Objectives: Epidemiologic studies on syphilis have been hampered by the fact that strains of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T, pallidum), the causative agent of this disease, cannot be differentiated by either protein-based or deoxyribonucleic acid-based methods. Syphilis is endemic in many developing countries and is common in some industrialized nations, In addition, the disease has been shown to increase the risk of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. Goal: To develop a molecular subtyping method for T, pallidum. Study Design: Two genes exhibiting intrastrain variability were identified as potential targets for strain differentiation: the acidic repeat protein (arp) gene, which contains a variable number of 60 base pair repeats, and a member of the treponema pallidum repeat (tpr) gene family. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction endonuclease digestion of polymerase chain reaction products from laboratory strains and clinical specimens were used to develop a molecular subtyping scheme for T, pallidum. Results: Determining the number of repeats in the alp gene by polymerase chain reaction resulted in 12 different subtypes among the 63 isolates that were studied. Among those, most (54.2%) had alp genes with 14 repeats. The other II subtypes had mp genes with 7 to 21 repeats, each accounting for 2% to 14% of the isolates. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of a member of the tpr gene family from a subset of 46 isolates followed by digestion of the polymerase chain reaction product with MseI resulted in seven restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns designated a to g, Strains with 14 repeats could be grouped into five restriction fragment length polymorphism subtypes, By combining the two systems we observed 16 subtypes among 46 isolates examined. This typing system is stable, reproducible, and easy to perform. In addition, the use of the ABI Genetic Analyzer for the determination of fragment size and banding patterns makes the results unbiased, Conclusion: This is the first molecular subtyping system that distinguishes among clinical isolates of T, pallidum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Natal, Dept Med Microbiol, Durban, South Africa. RP Steiner, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mail Stop D13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 25 IS 8 BP 408 EP 414 DI 10.1097/00007435-199809000-00004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 119MT UT WOS:000075900800004 PM 9773432 ER PT J AU Knapp, JS AF Knapp, JS TI Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRAINS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Knapp, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Bacterial STD Branch, Mailstop G-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 25 IS 8 BP 425 EP 426 DI 10.1097/00007435-199809000-00008 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 119MT UT WOS:000075900800008 PM 9773436 ER PT J AU Lawson, ML Maculuso, M Bloom, A Hortin, G Hammond, KH Blackwell, R AF Lawson, ML Maculuso, M Bloom, A Hortin, G Hammond, KH Blackwell, R TI Objective markers of condom failure SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SEXUAL ASSAULT; SEMEN AB Background: Studies of condom efficacy rely on self-reported behavior. Objective markers of exposure to semen may provide a more valid assessment of condom failure and failure to use condoms. Goals of this Study: To compare three semen biomarkers: acid phosphatase (AP) activity, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the human seminal plasma antigen (MHS-5). Study Design: Twenty women were intravaginally inoculated with six measured, increasingly larger amounts of their partners' semen. Vaginal fluid was collected by the participant using swabs and tested. Results: Background levels of PSA were low (0.00-1.25 ng/ml), background levels of AP were variable (0-350 U/l), and all preinoculation samples were negative for MHS-5. All postinoculation samples were positive for PSA, 64 of 117 (55%) for AP, and 14 of 120 (12%) for MHS-5. Conclusion: The PSA immunoassay was the best semen biomarker under these sampling and testing conditions. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maculuso, M (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, UAB Stn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409679-02] NR 17 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 25 IS 8 BP 427 EP 432 DI 10.1097/00007435-199809000-00009 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 119MT UT WOS:000075900800009 PM 9773437 ER PT J AU Evatt, B Austin, H Barnhart, E Schonberger, L Sharer, L Jones, R DeArmond, S AF Evatt, B Austin, H Barnhart, E Schonberger, L Sharer, L Jones, R DeArmond, S TI Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease among persons with hemophilia SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BLOOD; TRANSMISSION; VARIANT AB BACKGROUND: Although Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been shown to be transmissible through blood components in rodent models, no human blood-to-blood transmission has been documented. If blood transmission were possible in humans, persons with hemophilia in the United States would be at higher risk of contracting CJD, because they receive large numbers of blood components. Nearly one-half of the hemophilia population contracted HIV in the 1980s, and many of these people have since died with neurologic complications. This study investigated whether some hemophilia patients with neurologic disorders may have died with CJD. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hemophilia treatment Centers across the United States were invited to participate in this retrospective surveillance study. The centers were asked to send any available formalin-fixed paraffin block brain samples from hemophilia decedents. Slides were prepared at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and reviewed by three expert neuropathologists. Two slides were stained for the prion protein at the request of one of the neuropathologists. RESULTS: Specimens from 24 decedents with genetic bleeding disorders were collected and reviewed. The panel found no evidence of CJD in any of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study sample is small, these results support the growing evidence that CJD is not being transmitted in the nation's blood supply. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Evatt, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1998 VL 38 IS 9 BP 817 EP 820 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.38998409000.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 117UW UT WOS:000075801700004 PM 9738620 ER PT J AU Karter, AJ Gazzaniga, JM Cohen, RD Casper, ML Davis, BD Kaplan, GA AF Karter, AJ Gazzaniga, JM Cohen, RD Casper, ML Davis, BD Kaplan, GA TI Ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women, 1985 to 1991 SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY MORTALITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; HYPERTENSION; DECLINE AB We compare recent trends in ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke mortality in California among the 6 major sex-racial or -ethnic groups. Rates of age-specific and -adjusted mortality were calculated for persons aged 35 and older during the years 1985 to 1991. Log-linear regression modeling was performed to estimate the average annual percentage change in mortality. During 1985 through 1991, the mortality for IHD and stroke was generally highest for African Americans, intermediate for non-Hispanic whites, and lowest for Hispanics. Age-adjusted mortality for IHD declined significantly in all sex-racial or -ethnic groups except African-American women, and stroke rates declined significantly in all groups except African-American and Hispanic men. African Americans had excess IHD mortality relative to non-Hispanic whites until late in life, after which mortality of non-Hispanic whites was higher. Similarly, African Americans and Hispanics had excess stroke mortality relative to non-Hispanic whites early in life, whereas stroke mortality in non-Hispanic whites was higher at older ages. The lower IHD and stroke mortality among Hispanics was paradoxical, given the generally adverse risk profile and socioeconomic status observed among Hispanics. An alarmingly high prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular disease risk factors in 1994 to 1996, particularly hypertension, leisure-time sedentary lifestyle, and obesity, is a serious public health concern, with implications for future trends in cardiovascular disease mortality. Of particular concern was the growing disparities in stroke and IHD mortality among younger-aged African Americans relative to Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, No Calif Reg, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, CORE Program, Inst Hlth & Aging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Human Populat Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Karter, AJ (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, No Calif Reg, 3505 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. EM ajk@dor.kaiser.org NR 50 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 169 IS 3 BP 139 EP 145 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 119NK UT WOS:000075902400001 PM 9771151 ER PT J AU Heneine, W Tibell, A Switzer, WM Sandstrom, P Rosales, GV Mathews, A Korsgren, O Chapman, LE Folks, TM Groth, CG AF Heneine, W Tibell, A Switzer, WM Sandstrom, P Rosales, GV Mathews, A Korsgren, O Chapman, LE Folks, TM Groth, CG TI No evidence of infection with porcine endogenous retrovirus in recipients of porcine islet-cell xenografts SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; DIABETIC-PATIENTS; TRANSPLANTATION; ASSAY; XENOTRANSPLANTATION; SURVIVAL; PLASMA AB Background The study of whether porcine xenografts can lead to porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) infection of recipients is critical for evaluating the safety of pig-to-man xenotransplantation. PERV is carried in the pig germline, and all recipients of porcine tissues or organs will be exposed to the virus. Methods We studied 10 diabetic patients who had received porcine fetal islets between 1990 and 1993, looking for evidence of PERV infection by using PCR serology, PCR, and reverse transcriptase assays. Prolonged xenograft survival (up to a year) was confirmed in five patients by porcine C-peptide excretion and detection of pig mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in serum. Findings Despite the evidence for extended exposure to pig cells and despite concomitant immunosuppressive therapy, we were unable to detect markers of PERV infection in any patient, Screening for two PERV sequences in peripheral blood lymphocytes collected 4-7 years after the xenotransplantation was negative. Markers of PERV expression, including viral RNA and reverse transcriptase, were undetectable in sera from both early (day 3 to day 180) and late (4-7 years) time points. Western blot analysis for antibodies was consistently negative, Interpretation These results suggested the absence of PERV infection in these patients. Also this study establishes a minimum standard for post-transplant surveillance of patients given porcine xenografts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Karolinska Inst, Huddinge Hosp, Dept Transplantat Surg, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Acad Hosp, Dept Clin Immunol, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM WMH2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 271 Z9 282 U1 0 U2 11 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 29 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9129 BP 695 EP 699 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07145-1 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116MT UT WOS:000075729700014 PM 9728986 ER PT J AU Davidiants, V Mannrikian, M Sayadian, G Parunakian, A Davtian, B AF Davidiants, V Mannrikian, M Sayadian, G Parunakian, A Davtian, B CA WHO Natl Ctr Infect Dis CDC TI Epidemic malaria transmission - Armenia, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 526-528, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Ararat Reg Hlth Dept, Natl Informat & Anal Ctr, Yerevan, Armenia. Minist Hlth, Ararat Reg Hlth Dept, Sanit Epidemiol Svcs, Yerevan, Armenia. Minist Hlth, Ararat Reg Hlth Dept, Hlth Care Syst, Yerevan, Armenia. Minist Hlth, Ararat Reg Hlth Dept, Republ Sanit & Epidemiol Svc, Yerevan, Armenia. WHO, European Reg, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Epidemiol Branch,Malaria Sect, Epidemiol Program Off,Div Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davidiants, V (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Ararat Reg Hlth Dept, Natl Informat & Anal Ctr, Yerevan, Armenia. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 8 BP 689 EP 689 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 111PM UT WOS:000075446900011 ER PT J AU Davidson, PW Myers, GJ Cox, C Axtell, C Shamlaye, C Sloane-Reeves, J Cernichiari, E Needham, L Choi, A Wang, YN Berlin, M Clarkson, TW AF Davidson, PW Myers, GJ Cox, C Axtell, C Shamlaye, C Sloane-Reeves, J Cernichiari, E Needham, L Choi, A Wang, YN Berlin, M Clarkson, TW TI Effects of prenatal and postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on neurodevelopment - Outcomes at 66 months of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IN-UTERO EXPOSURE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MERCURY; DIET; HAIR; LEAD AB Context.-Human neurodevelopmental consequences of exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) from eating fish remain a question of public health concern. Objective.-To study the association between MeHg exposure and the developmental outcomes of children in the Republic of Seychelles at 66 months of age. Design.-A prospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants.-A total of 711 of 779 cohort mother-child pairs initially enrolled in the Seychelles Child Development Study in 1989. Setting.-The Republic of Seychelles, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean where 85% of the population consumes ocean fish daily. Main Outcome Measures.-Prenatal and postnatal MeHg exposure and 6 age-appropriate neurodevelopmental tests: the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities, the Preschool Language Scale, the Woodcock-Johnson Applied Problems and Letter and Word Recognition Tests of Achievement, the Bender Gestalt test, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Results.-The mean maternal hair total mercury level was 6.8 ppm and the mean child hair total mercury level at age 66 months was 6.5 ppm. No adverse outcomes at 66 months were associated with either prenatal or postnatal MeHg exposure. Conclusion,-In the population studied, consumption of a diet high in ocean fish appears to pose no threat to developmental outcomes through 66 months of age. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Ctr Dev Disabil, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Republ Seychelles Minist Hlth, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Lund, Lund, Sweden. RP Davidson, PW (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Ctr Dev Disabil, Box 671,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM pdavidson@cc.urmc.rochester.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Myers , Gary /I-4901-2013; OI Myers , Gary /0000-0003-4317-015X; Wang, Yining/0000-0003-2763-1008 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-01247, ES-05497, ES-07271] NR 47 TC 402 Z9 415 U1 6 U2 37 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 26 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 8 BP 701 EP 707 DI 10.1001/jama.280.8.701 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 111PM UT WOS:000075446900031 PM 9728641 ER PT J AU Brock, J Rubin, C Marcus, M Dorgan, J Longnecker, M Hoyer, A Needham, L AF Brock, J Rubin, C Marcus, M Dorgan, J Longnecker, M Hoyer, A Needham, L TI Studies of human health effects of endocrine-active xenobiotic compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 115-ENVR BP U794 EP U794 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902335 ER PT J AU Hill, RH AF Hill, RH TI Chemical safety levels (CSLs): A proposal for chemical safety practices in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 015-CHAS BP U363 EP U363 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234901023 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Barr, D Schur, H Brock, J Sampson, EJ AF Needham, LL Barr, D Schur, H Brock, J Sampson, EJ TI Nonpersistent endocrine disruptors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 172-ENVR BP U812 EP U812 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902392 ER PT J AU Patterson, DG Dimanji, J Grainger, J Barr, JR Turner, W AF Patterson, DG Dimanji, J Grainger, J Barr, JR Turner, W TI The use of fast single and multidimentional GC coupled with high resolution and TOF mass spectrometry for assessing human exposure to environmental toxicants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 185-ANYL BP U193 EP U193 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900525 ER PT J AU Sampson, EJ Patterson, DG Needham, LL AF Sampson, EJ Patterson, DG Needham, LL TI Potential human endocrine effects from exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 112-ENVR BP U793 EP U793 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902332 ER PT J AU Leroy, V Newell, ML Dabis, F Peckham, C Van de Perre, P Bulterys, M Kind, C Simonds, RJ Wiktor, S Msellati, P AF Leroy, V Newell, ML Dabis, F Peckham, C Van de Perre, P Bulterys, M Kind, C Simonds, RJ Wiktor, S Msellati, P CA Ghent Int Work Grp Mother Child Transmis HIV TI International multicentre pooled analysis of late postnatal mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; INFANT; COUNTRIES; BORN; RISK AB Background An understanding of the risk and timing of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in the postnatal period is important for the development of public-health strategies. We aimed to estimate the rate and timing of late postnatal transmission of HIV-1. Methods We did an international multicentre pooled analysis of individual data from prospective cohort studies of children followed-up from birth born to HIV-1-infected mothers. We enrolled all uninfected children confirmed by HIV-1-DNA PCR, HIV-1 serology, or both. Late postnatal transmission was taken to have occurred if a child later became infected. We calculated duration of follow-up for non-infected children from the time of negative diagnosis to the date of the last laboratory follow-up, or for infected children to the mid-point between the date of last negative and first positive results. We stratified the analysis for breastfeeding. Findings Less than 5% of the 2807 children in four studies from industrialised countries (USA, Switzerland, France, and Europe) were breastfed and no HIV-1 infection was diagnosed. By contrast, late postnatal transmission occurred in 49 (5%) of 902 children in four cohorts from developing countries, in which breastfeeding was the norm (Rwanda [Butare and Kigali], Ivory Coast, Kenya), with an overall estimated risk of 3.2 per 100 child-years of breastfeeding follow-up (95% CI 3.1-3.8), with similar estimates in individual studies (p=0.10). Exact information on timing of infection and duration of breastfeeding was available for 20 of the 49 children with late postnatal transmission. We took transmission to have occurred midway between last negative and first positive HIV-1 tests. If breastfeeding had stopped at age 4 months transmission would have occurred in no infants, and in three if it had stopped at 6 months. Interpretation Risk of late postnatal transmission is consistently shown to be substantial for breastfed children born to HIV-1-positive mothers. This risk should be balanced against the effect of early weaning on infant mortality and morbidity and maternal fertility. C1 Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Inst Child Hlth, London, England. Ctr Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kantonsspital, Swiss Perinatal Cohort, CH-9007 St Gallen, Switzerland. Projet RETRO CL, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. ORSTOM, Programme SIDA, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Leroy, V (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, 146 Rue Leo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. EM valeriane.leroy@dim.u-bordeaux2.fr RI SHCS, MoCHIV/G-4081-2011; SHCS, all/G-4072-2011; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; SHCS, ch/G-4077-2011; Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013; OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616; Newell, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-1074-7699 NR 33 TC 174 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 22 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9128 BP 597 EP 600 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01419-6 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 113TE UT WOS:000075567400007 PM 9746019 ER PT J AU Moore, JM Nahlen, BL Lal, AA AF Moore, JM Nahlen, BL Lal, AA TI Postpartum coma SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Moore, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 22 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9128 BP 658 EP 658 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79619-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 113TE UT WOS:000075567400064 PM 9746060 ER PT J AU Otsuka, K Smith, CJ Grainger, J Barr, JR Patterson, DG Tanaka, N Terabe, S AF Otsuka, K Smith, CJ Grainger, J Barr, JR Patterson, DG Tanaka, N Terabe, S TI Stereoselective separation and detection of phenoxy acid herbicide enantiomers by cyclodextrin-modified capillary zone electrophoresis electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale Techniques (HPCE 98) CY FEB 01-05, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA DE enantiomer separation; pesticides; phenoxy acid herbicides ID MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENVIRONMENTAL INTEREST; CHIRAL SEPARATION; DRUGS; POLLUTANTS; SAMPLES AB An application of on-line coupling of capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (CE-MS) to the chiral separation of phenoxy acid herbicide enantiomers was investigated. As an ionization method, electrospray ionization (ESI) is used for a CE-MS interface. Generally, nonvolatile additives in separation solutions sometimes decrease the MS sensitivity and/or signal intensity. In this study, however, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (TM-beta-CD) was used as a chiral selector and it migrated directly into the ESI interface. By using the negative-ionization mode along with a methanol-water-formic acid solution as a sheath liquid and nitrogen as a sheath gas, stereoselective separation and detection of three phenoxy acid herbicide enantiomers were successfully achieved with a 20 mM TM-beta-CD in a 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.6). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. RP Otsuka, K (reprint author), Himeji Inst Technol, Fac Sci, Dept Mat Sci, Kamigori, Hyogo 6781297, Japan. RI Otsuka, Koji/E-9628-2011 OI Otsuka, Koji/0000-0003-1088-0569 NR 23 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 21 PY 1998 VL 817 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00317-3 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 120MP UT WOS:000075960400011 ER PT J AU Ishikawa, K Fransen, K Ariyoshi, K Nkengasong, LN Janssens, W Heyndrickx, L Whittle, H Diallo, MO Ghys, PD Coulibaly, IM Greenberg, AE Piedade, J Canas-Ferreia, W van der Groen, G AF Ishikawa, K Fransen, K Ariyoshi, K Nkengasong, LN Janssens, W Heyndrickx, L Whittle, H Diallo, MO Ghys, PD Coulibaly, IM Greenberg, AE Piedade, J Canas-Ferreia, W van der Groen, G TI Improved detection of HIV-2 proviral DNA in dually seroreactive individuals by PCR SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE dual seroreactivity; PCR; West Africa; HIV-2 ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; COTE-DIVOIRE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MIXED INFECTIONS; SOOTY MANGABEYS; WEST-AFRICA; ABIDJAN; AIDS AB Objective: To improve the detection rate of HIV-2 proviral DNA in primary uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-2-seroreactive and HIV-1-HIV-2 dually seroreactive individuals. Materials and methods: Two newly designed HIV-2 PCR primer pairs in the long terminal repeat (LTR) gag and gag-pol regions and a previously described env and LTR HIV-2 PCR primer pairs were tested on samples from 66 confirmed HIV-2-seropositive individuals (The Gambia, 40; Gate d'lvoire, 17; Guinea-Bissau, nine), 209 dually seroreactive individuals (The Gambia, 82; Cote d'lvoire, 127), 24 genetically characterized isolated HIV-1 strains (group M subtypes A-H and group O), one simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain cpz, 10 HIV-2 isolates (subtype A, B and unidentified), two SIV(sm) isolates, and 10 seronegative samples. Results: All HIV-2 primers evaluated showed 100% specificity since there was no amplification observed with 24 HIV-1, one SIV(cpz) and 10 seronegative samples. One single copy of the HIV-2 genome could be detected with all outer primer pairs as well as all inner primer pairs on one PCR round used. Sensitivity of primers (at least one of the four primer pairs was positive) to HIV-2-seropositive samples was 100% (all nine) in Guinea-Bissau, 71% (12/17) in Cote d'lvoire, 100% (all 20) in Gambian AIDS patients, and 85% (17/20) in Gambian pregnant women. Doubling the PBMC of dually seroreactive individuals from 7.5 x 10(4) to 1.5 x 10(5) in the PCR revealed the presence of both HIV-1 and 2 proviral DNA in 72% (92/127) in Cote d'lvoire and 72% (59/82) in The Gambia. By doubling the number of PBMC, HIV-2 detection in dually seroreactive individuals by PCR was increased from 65 to 77% in Cote d'lvoire and from 67 to 83% in The Gambia. Conclusions: The use of 1.5 x 10(5) primary uncultured PBMC and the newly designed HIV-2 primer pairs allowed us to document the highest percentage (72%) ever reported of HIV-1-HIV-2 dual infections amongst HIV-1-HIV-2 dually seroreactive individuals in Cote d'lvoire and The Gambia. Improved detection of HIV-2 proviral DNA, rather than exposure to both viruses, infection with only one virus, or infection with a unique third virus containing epitopes common to both HIV-1 and HIV-2, contributes to a more accurate monitoring of the prevalence of HIV-1-HIV-2 dual infections. (C) 1998 Lippincott-Raven Publishers. C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. MRC, Fajara, Gambia. Project RETRO Cl, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Programme Natl Lutte Contre SIDA Malad Sexuelleme, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Lisbon, Portugal. RP van der Groen, G (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Nationalestr 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Piedade, Joao/A-2132-2009 OI Piedade, Joao/0000-0001-6384-1737 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1419 EP 1425 DI 10.1097/00002030-199812000-00003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 112EH UT WOS:000075480800003 PM 9727562 ER PT J AU Hendriks, JCM Satten, GA van Ameijden, EJC van Druten, HAM Coutinho, RA van Griensven, GJP AF Hendriks, JCM Satten, GA van Ameijden, EJC van Druten, HAM Coutinho, RA van Griensven, GJP TI The incubation period to AIDS in injecting drug users estimated from prevalent cohort data, accounting for death prior to an AIDS diagnosis SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE death before AIDS; HIV disease progression; incubation period distribution; injecting drug users; CD4 counts; Markov model ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; NEW-YORK-CITY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; SEROCONVERSION; AMSTERDAM; MORTALITY; EPIDEMIC AB Objective: To estimate the incubation-period distribution (time from seroconversion to AIDS) accounting for death before an AIDS diagnosis (DBAD) in a cohort of injecting drug users (IDU) in Amsterdam, The Netherlands and to compare these estimates with those previously obtained from a contemporaneous study of homosexual and bisexual men in Amsterdam carried out using the same facilities. Design: Participants in a cohort study begun in Amsterdam at the end of 1985 have scheduled follow-up visits every 4 months. All participants of Dutch nationality and who had two or more follow-up visits before January 1996 from which CD4 measurements were available were included in this study. Data concerning AIDS diagnosis and death were verified through review of national and municipal registries. Methods: Because time of seroconversion was unknown for study participants and because IDU are at substantial risk for DEAD, we used a Markov model with CD4-based stages that allows for DEAD. The parameters in this model were estimated using the method of maximum likelihood and confidence intervals were calculated using bootstrap methods. Results: A total of 173 IDU (134 seroprevalent, 39 seroincident) made 1829 visits. Nearly 10% of the visits were non-consecutive. Forty-five IDU developed AIDS and 25 died without an AIDS diagnosis. We estimated that 24% [95% confidence interval (CI), 17-25%] of IDU die before an AIDS diagnosis. As a result, the median time from seroconversion to AIDS (10.5 years; 95% CI, 9.1-10.7 years) is considerably longer than the median time from seroconversion to death (8.3 years; 95% CI, 7.9-8.5 years). Conditional on survival to an AIDS diagnosis, the median time to AIDS is 8.2 years (95% CI, 7.7-8.7 years). The median survival time after a diagnosis of AIDS is estimated to be 1.0 years. Conclusion: The high occurrence of DEAD in IDU has a considerable influence on estimates of the incubation-period distribution. Progression from seroconversion to death was faster in the IDU cohort than in a cohort of homosexual men in Amsterdam (median, 8.3 years and 9.6 years, respectively). However, progression to AIDS conditional on survival to an AIDS diagnosis seems to be similar in both the IDU cohort and in the cohort of homosexual men (median, 8.2 years and 8.3 years, respectively). (C) Lippincott-Raven Publishers. C1 Univ Nijmegen, Dept Med Stat, NL-6525 EP Nijmegen, Netherlands. Municipal Hlth Serv, Dept Publ Hlth, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hendriks, JCM (reprint author), Univ Nijmegen, Dept Med Stat, Kapittelweg 54, NL-6525 EP Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Hendriks, J.C.M./L-4363-2015; van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1537 EP 1544 DI 10.1097/00002030-199812000-00017 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 112EH UT WOS:000075480800017 PM 9727576 ER PT J AU Simonds, RJ Brown, TM Thea, DM Orloff, SL Steketee, RW Lee, FK Palumbo, PE Kalish, ML AF Simonds, RJ Brown, TM Thea, DM Orloff, SL Steketee, RW Lee, FK Palumbo, PE Kalish, ML CA Perinatal AIDS Collaborat Transmis Study TI Sensitivity and specificity of a qualitative RNA detection assay to diagnose HIV infection in young infants SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE pediatrics; vertical transmission; HIV diagnosis ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFICATION; PLASMA; TYPE-1; LIFE AB Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of an RNA detection assay for diagnosing perinatal HIV infection. Methods: Plasma and serum specimens taken during the first 3 months of life from HIV-infected and uninfected children enrolled in a cohort study were assayed for HIV RNA using the qualitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) kit. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated. NASBA results from infected children were compared with DNA PCR results from the same blood samples. Autoantibody patterns of suspected false-positive specimens were compared with those of subsequent specimens from the same child to exclude specimen labelling errors. Results: Amongst 131 specimens from 105 HIV-infected children, the sensitivity of the qualitative NASBA assay was 13 out of 34 [38%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 22-56] at < 7 days, 56 out of 58 (97%; 95% CI, 88-100) at 7-41 days, and 37 out of 39 (95%; 95% CI, 83-99) at 42-93 days of life. Of 252 specimens from 206 uninfected children, six tested positive and one tested indeterminate by NASBA. Four of these positive specimens had discordant autoantibody patterns suggesting mislabelling; excluding these, the test specificity was 245 out of 248 (99%; 95% CI, 97-100). Amongst 128 paired specimens from infected children, NASBA results were more often positive than those from DNA PCR (103 versus 92; P = 0.01). Amongst infants with specimens drawn in the first week of life, the proportion born after > 4 h of membrane rupture was greater amongst those testing negative (81%) than those testing positive (46%; P = 0.05). Conclusions: The qualitative NASBA RNA assay is highly specific and more sensitive than DNA PCR. Qualitative RNA assays may be useful for diagnosing and excluding perinatal HIV infection in children after the first week of life for such purposes as initiating antiretroviral therapy and other treatment, resolving parental uncertainty, determining timing of transmission, and providing endpoints for intervention trials. (C) 1998 Lippincott-Raven Publishers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NY City Perinatal HIV Transmis Collaborat Study, New York, NY 10001 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1545 EP 1549 DI 10.1097/00002030-199812000-00018 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 112EH UT WOS:000075480800018 PM 9727577 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Ward, JW Jones, JL AF Lansky, A Ward, JW Jones, JL TI Combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: policies and practices SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1552 EP 1553 DI 10.1097/00002030-199812000-00020 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 112EH UT WOS:000075480800020 PM 9727579 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, J Sylla-Koko, F Peeters, M Ellenberger, D Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, RA Msellati, P Greenberg, AE Combe, P Rayfield, M AF Nkengasong, J Sylla-Koko, F Peeters, M Ellenberger, D Sassan-Morokro, M Ekpini, RA Msellati, P Greenberg, AE Combe, P Rayfield, M TI HIV-1 group O virus infection in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID AFRICA; SENSITIVITY C1 Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. CeDReS, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. ORSTOM, Retrovirus Lab, F-34032 Montpellier, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ORSTOM, Programme SIDA, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, J (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 20 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1565 EP 1566 DI 10.1097/00002030-199812000-00028 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 112EH UT WOS:000075480800028 PM 9727587 ER PT J AU Quinn, K Baldwin, G Stepak, P Thorburn, K Bartleson, C Goldoft, M Kobayashi, J Stehr-Green, P AF Quinn, K Baldwin, G Stepak, P Thorburn, K Bartleson, C Goldoft, M Kobayashi, J Stehr-Green, P TI Civilian outbreak of adenovirus acute respiratory disease - South Dakota, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 565-567, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM C1 Spokane Reg Hlth Dist, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Washington Dept Hlth, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, K (reprint author), Spokane Reg Hlth Dist, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 7 BP 595 EP 596 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 110ME UT WOS:000075384300009 ER PT J AU Schaefer, LM Kellen-Anderson, LM Parker, SL Schnurr, DP Gaydos, JC AF Schaefer, LM Kellen-Anderson, LM Parker, SL Schnurr, DP Gaydos, JC CA O Four Bear Box Elder Jobs Corps TI Civilian outbreak of adenovirus acute respiratory disease - South Dakota, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 567-570, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 7 BP 596 EP 596 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 110ME UT WOS:000075384300010 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Esteban, E Rubin, C Holmes, A Brody, DJ AF Niskar, AS Kieszak, SM Esteban, E Rubin, C Holmes, A Brody, DJ TI Hearing loss among children - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 19 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 7 BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 110ME UT WOS:000075384300023 ER PT J AU Nicholson, JKA Stetler-Stevenson, M AF Nicholson, JKA Stetler-Stevenson, M TI Quantitative fluorescence: To count or not to count. Is that the question? SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANADIAN CONSENSUS RECOMMENDATIONS; IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS; HEMATOLOGIC NEOPLASIA; FLOW-CYTOMETRY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Dept Pathol, Div Clin Sci, Flow Cytometry Unit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Nicholson, JKA (reprint author), 1-1202 A25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 203 EP 204 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19980815)34:4<203::AID-CYTO5>3.0.CO;2-G PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 111JU UT WOS:000075434200005 PM 9725461 ER PT J AU Oakley, GP AF Oakley, GP TI Plasma homocyst(e)ine levels and folic acid supplementation - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Oakley, GP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 13 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 7 BP 476 EP 477 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 109UP UT WOS:000075342500016 ER PT J AU Keller, D Ettestad, P Sewell, CM Rains, R Englender, S Woods, T Pape, J Tanda, D Reynolds, J Hoffman, R Mertz, G Scully, G Mapel, D Koster, F DeLury, J Hansbarger, C Hjelle, B Yates, T Iralu, J Freeman, C Hroch, B Nunes, A Loretto, D Peter, D Fulgham, R Courtois, L Mattson, M Charleston, R Cheek, J AF Keller, D Ettestad, P Sewell, CM Rains, R Englender, S Woods, T Pape, J Tanda, D Reynolds, J Hoffman, R Mertz, G Scully, G Mapel, D Koster, F DeLury, J Hansbarger, C Hjelle, B Yates, T Iralu, J Freeman, C Hroch, B Nunes, A Loretto, D Peter, D Fulgham, R Courtois, L Mattson, M Charleston, R Cheek, J TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - Colorado and New Mexico, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 449-452, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM 87101 USA. El Paso Cty Hlth Dept, El Paso, TX USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Teller Cty Hlth Dept, Woodland Park, CO USA. RP Keller, D (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM 87101 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 6 BP 504 EP 505 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 108AY UT WOS:000075244900011 ER PT J AU Saccenti, JC Baker, NE AF Saccenti, JC Baker, NE TI CDC's National Profile of Local Boards of Health, September 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 573-574, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Syst, Publ Hlth Pract Program, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Saccenti, JC (reprint author), Natl Assoc Local Boards Hlth, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 6 BP 505 EP 505 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 108AY UT WOS:000075244900012 ER PT J AU Schmid, DS AF Schmid, DS TI Role of HHV-8 in Kaposi sarcoma - Abstract and commentary SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DNA-SEQUENCES; HERPESVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ANTIGENS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 12 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 6 BP 570 EP 571 DI 10.1001/jama.280.6.570 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 108AY UT WOS:000075244900040 PM 9707154 ER PT J AU Brooks, JB Syriopoulou, V Butler, WR Saroglow, G Karydis, K Almenoff, PL AF Brooks, JB Syriopoulou, V Butler, WR Saroglow, G Karydis, K Almenoff, PL TI Development of a quantitative chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry method to detect tuberculostearic acid in body fluids SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B LA English DT Article DE tuberculostearic acid ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; MENINGITIS AB We developed a mass spectral method to verify the detection of free tuberculostearic acid (TSA) by frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas chromatography (FPEC-GC) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, pericardial fluid, ascites fluid and pleural fluid of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To obtain satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for comparison of the test using mass spectrometry (MS) in the single ion monitor (SIM) mode to the FPEC-GC test, we developed a specific, sensitive, quantitative chemical ionization mass spectrometry capillary gas chromatography (QCIGC-MS) test. The procedure maximized the molecular ion (i.e., made it the base peak) for increased specificity and sensitivity, and instrument parameters for increased sensitivity. The procedure uses a computerized approach, requiring an internal standard (nonadecanoic acid) for precise measurement of the retention time and quantitation of the molecular ion of TSA. Data from this study suggest that QCIGC-MS analysis could be a valuable tool to confirm FPEC-GC identification of TSA in CSF, serum, and in pleural, ascites, and pericardial fluids. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aghia Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat 1, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Crit Care Serv, Kansas City, MO 64128 USA. RP Brooks, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD AUG 7 PY 1998 VL 712 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00158-3 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 100RW UT WOS:000074830000001 PM 9698223 ER PT J AU Fienberg, AA Hiroi, N Mermelstein, PG Song, WJ Snyder, GL Nishi, A Cheramy, A O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Cole, DG Corbett, R Haile, CN Cooper, DC Onn, SP Grace, AA Ouimet, CC White, FJ Hyman, SE Surmeier, DJ Girault, JA Nestler, EJ Greengard, P AF Fienberg, AA Hiroi, N Mermelstein, PG Song, WJ Snyder, GL Nishi, A Cheramy, A O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Cole, DG Corbett, R Haile, CN Cooper, DC Onn, SP Grace, AA Ouimet, CC White, FJ Hyman, SE Surmeier, DJ Girault, JA Nestler, EJ Greengard, P TI DARPP-32: Regulator of the efficacy of dopaminergic neurotransmission SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEOSTRIATAL NEURONS; BASAL GANGLIA; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; CAUDATE-PUTAMEN; RAT STRIATUM; MUTANT MICE; RECEPTORS; COCAINE; D1; PHOSPHOPROTEIN AB Dopaminergic neurons exert a major modulatory effect on the forebrain. Dopamine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein (32 kilodaltons) (DARPP-32), which is enriched in all neurons that receive a dopaminergic input, is converted in response to dopamine into a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor. Mice generated to contain a targeted disruption of the DARPP-32 gene showed profound deficits in their molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral responses to dopamine, drugs of abuse, and antipsychotic medication. The results show that DARPP-32 plays a central role in regulating the efficacy of dopaminergic neurotransmission. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Lab Mol Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. Connecticut Mental Hlth Ctr, New Haven, CT 06508 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Coll Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Coll France, INSERM, U114, F-75005 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Somerville, NJ 08807 USA. Finch Univ Hlth Sci Chicago Med Sch, Dept Neurosci, N Chicago, IL 60064 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Neurosci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Florida State Univ, Program Neurosci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Rockefeller Univ, Mol & Cellular Neurosci Lab, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM fienba@rockvax.rockefeller.edu RI Hiroi, Noboru/E-2215-2013; Girault, Jean-Antoine/F-7518-2013; Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; OI Hiroi, Noboru/0000-0002-6846-5969; Girault, Jean-Antoine/0000-0002-7900-1705; Haile, Colin/0000-0001-8293-7291 FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 08227, DA10044, F31 DA005794]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH40899] NR 47 TC 337 Z9 341 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 7 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5378 BP 838 EP + DI 10.1126/science.281.5378.838 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 108ZD UT WOS:000075295600054 PM 9694658 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE AF Biagini, RE TI Epidemiology studies in immunotoxicity evaluations SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE field studies; immunotoxicity; epidemiology; allergy; immunomodulation ID NARCOTICS MANUFACTURING FACILITY; PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SECRETORY IGA; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SKIN; HEALTH; IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB Studies in humans designed to detect immunomodulation from exposure to xenobiotics present challenging problems to epidemiologists and immunotoxicologists. Exposed and control groups must be carefully selected, exposure to the xenobiotic must be sufficiently high and well-documented, and the referent group should be as similar as possible to the exposed. Immune markers/functional tests in an individual may be influenced by sunlight exposure, medication, illness and use of recreational drugs; all of these potential confounding factors must be addressed. Sample acquisition is usually performed at sites geographically distant from the controlled environment of an investigator's laboratory, yielding an assortment of new problems that would not occur in clinical or hospital situations. Regulations and guidelines concerning the transport of biological samples and potential hazards of HIV and HBV exposures to personnel must be adapted to field conditions. Since the application of immunotoxicological techniques to populations exposed to xenobiotics is relatively new, and the ability to measure an increasing number of immune biomarkers of activation, suppression, autoimmunity or hypersensitivity is rapidly expanding, there are difficulties in the interpretation of statistically positive results (sometimes within the normal range) and their potential health significance. Finally, both biological and methodological factors complicate the assessment of dose-response/concentration-effect relationships in human immunotoxicity studies, and traditional dose-response relationships may not always be present. Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Biomed & Behav Sci, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM reb4@cdc.gov NR 81 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD AUG 7 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 1 BP 37 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(98)00062-6 PG 18 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 123ED UT WOS:000076112100004 PM 9769109 ER PT J AU Roberts, HE Cragan, JD Cono, J Khoury, MJ Weatherly, MR Moore, CA AF Roberts, HE Cragan, JD Cono, J Khoury, MJ Weatherly, MR Moore, CA TI Increased frequency of cystic fibrosis among infants with jejunoileal atresia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cystic fibrosis; jejunoileal atresia; meconium ileus; birth defects surveillance ID SMALL-INTESTINAL ATRESIA; IDENTIFICATION; GENE AB There appears to be an increased frequency of cystic fibrosis (CF) among infants with jejunoileal atresia (JIA), However, the figures vary widely, and no population-based data exist. The purpose of this study was to quantitate the magnitude of the association between JIA and CF in Atlanta using population-based data from 1968 to 1995, Case subjects included all infants with isolated JIA born during 1968-1995 to mothers residing in the five-county metropolitan Atlanta area at the time of birth. To ascertain cases, we reviewed records of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based birth defects registry. Caucasian JIA cases were cross-referenced with patients in the CF registry at the Egleston Cystic Fibrosis Center at Emery University to more completely ascertain the diagnosis of CF among JLA cases. During 1968-1995, MACDP ascertained a total of 94 isolated JIA cases, for a birth prevalence of 1.8/10,000 live births, Among the cases, 38 were Caucasian, 52 were African-American, and 4 were of Asian or Hispanic ethnicity. Four of the 38 Caucasian JIA cases (11%) also had CF. The expected number of JIA cases with CF is 0.019 based on the estimated population incidence of 1/2,000 for CF, The observed to expected (O/E) ratio of Caucasian JIA cases with CF is greater than 210 (P < 0.0001), Caucasian infants with JLA have more than 210 times the risk for CF compared with Caucasian infants in the general population. The results of this study have implications for the management of infants born with JLA and genetic counseling for families with affected infants. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Cyst Fibrosis & Pediat Pulm Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Roberts, HE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Genet Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 6 PY 1998 VL 78 IS 5 BP 446 EP 449 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980806)78:5<446::AID-AJMG9>3.0.CO;2-J PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 107KT UT WOS:000075207500009 PM 9714011 ER PT J CA CDC TI Multistate outbreak of Salmonella serotype Agona infections linked to toasted oats cereal - United States, April-May, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 462-464, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP Ctr Dis Control, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 5 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 5 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105AR UT WOS:000075050200010 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Rolfs, RT Greenspan, JR Wasserheit, JN AF Gunn, RA Rolfs, RT Greenspan, JR Wasserheit, JN TI Role of community-based organizations in control of sexually transmitted diseases - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 5 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 5 BP 420 EP 420 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105AR UT WOS:000075050200019 ER PT J AU Schulte, JM Nolt, BJ Williams, RL Spinks, CL Hellsten, JJ AF Schulte, JM Nolt, BJ Williams, RL Spinks, CL Hellsten, JJ TI Violence and threats of violence experienced by public health field-workers SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARE WORKERS; SOCIAL-WORKERS; CRACK COCAINE; ASSAULTS; AMERICA; COUNTY; CLIENT; ABUSE AB Context. - Public health workers may work with clients whose behaviors are risks for both infectious disease and violence. Objective. - To assess frequency of violent threats and incidents experienced by public health workers and risk factors associated with incidents. Design. - Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires. Setting. - Texas sexually transmitted disease (STD), human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and tuberculosis (TB) programs. Participants. - Questionnaires were completed by 364 (95.5%) of 381 public health workers assigned to the programs. The STD program employed 131 workers (36%), the HIV/AIDS program, 121 workers (33%), and the TB program, 112 workers (31%). Main Outcome Measures. - The frequencies with which workers had ever experienced (while on the job) verbal threats, weapon threats, physical attacks, and rape, and risk factors associated with those outcomes. Results. - A total of 139 (38%) of 364 workers reported 611 violent incidents. Verbal threats were reported by 136 workers (37%), weapon threats by 45 (12%), physical attacks by 14 (4%), and rape by 3 (1%). Five workers (1%) carried guns and/or knives while working. In multiple logistic regression, receipt of verbal threats was associated with worker's male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-4.0), white ethnicity (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.1), experience of 5 years or longer (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.8), weekend work (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1), and sexual remarks made to the worker by clients (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5). Receipt of weapon threats was associated with worker's male sex (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.4-15.3), white ethnicity (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.8-9.3), age of 40 years or older (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.8), work experience of 5 years or longer (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0), rural work (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-10.1), being alone with the opposite sex (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.6-9.7), and interaction with homeless clients (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.7-18.8). Physical attacks were associated with sexual remarks made to the worker by clients (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.4-13.9). No risk factors predicting rape were identified. Conclusions. - Violence directed toward public field-workers is a common occupational hazard. An assessment of what situations, clients, and locations pose the risk of violence to public health workers is needed. C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Bur HIV STD Prevent, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Schulte, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Div TB Eliminat, MS E10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 5 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 5 BP 439 EP 442 DI 10.1001/jama.280.5.439 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105AR UT WOS:000075050200031 PM 9701079 ER PT J AU Krug, EG Ikeda, RM Qualls, ML Anderson, MA Rosenberg, ML Jackson, RJ AF Krug, EG Ikeda, RM Qualls, ML Anderson, MA Rosenberg, ML Jackson, RJ TI Preventing land mine-related injury and disability - A public health perspective SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTIPERSONNEL MINES; MOZAMBIQUE; CAMBODIA C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krug, EG (reprint author), CDC, Div Violence Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-6, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 5 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 5 BP 465 EP 466 DI 10.1001/jama.280.5.465 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 105AR UT WOS:000075050200036 PM 9701084 ER PT J AU Schafer, MP Fernback, JE Jensen, PA AF Schafer, MP Fernback, JE Jensen, PA TI Sampling and analytical method development for qualitative assessment of airborne mycobacterial species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bio-aerosol; M-tuberculosis; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); tuberculosis AB This article presents a novel, qualitative approach for detecting airborne M. tuberculosis. Culturing or sample purification is not required. A DNA diagnostic method involving the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled to an enzymatically generated color reaction was used for direct detection of M. bovis BCG (Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin), a surrogate for pathogenic M. tuberculosis. Fewer than 10 mycobacteria were detected with no culturing using this bioanalytical method. Analysis was completed in 1 to 1.5 days, in contrast to traditional culturing methods requiring a minimum of 2-3 weeks. To evaluate an air sampling method coupled to a PCR bioanalytical method, liquid cultures of the surrogate were aerosolized and collected for PCR analyses using 37-mm filter cassettes containing polytetrafluoroethylene filters. An Andersen six-stage (viable) particle sizing sampler was employed as a reference sampler. Aerosolized BCG impacted onto Andersen agar plates required incubation periods of 6-8 weeks before small colony forming units could be detected and enumerated. Although the BCG mean length of the rod-shaped particles was 8.3 mu m, the airborne BCG particles were collected predominantly on the Andersen 4-6 stages, representing aerodynamic diameters 0.7 to 3.3 mu m. Approximately 25 mycobacteria were detected without culturing using the PCR-filter cassette method. This approach could be used to detect airborne mycobacterial species of the M. tuberculosis complex and could permit the early detection of contaminated indoor air. Also, the efficacy of environmental controls could be evaluated and monitored. This approach could also be used to study the expulsion of infectious particles from patients and may permit risk assessment in regard to personal respiratory protection. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schafer, MP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, US Dept HHS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-7, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 8 BP 540 EP 546 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1998)059<0540:SAAMDF>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 112VU UT WOS:000075516000004 PM 9725932 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Bartley, DL Kennedy, ER AF Smith, JP Bartley, DL Kennedy, ER TI Laboratory investigation of the mass stability of sampling cassettes from inhalable aerosol samplers SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aerosol exposure; filters; gravimetric measurement; mass stability; sampling AB A study was conducted to evaluate the mass stability of the materials used in the construction of samplers with internal cassettes for the gravimetric measurement of inhalable aerosol exposures. The internal cassettes from IOM samplers were studied. Results indicate that the mass stability of filters is uniform, but the mass stability of the cassette material may dramatically affect the results of the measurement. Cassettes constructed from plastic exhibited drastic shifts in mass depending on the environmental conditions of their storage. Under room humidity, the plastic cassettes absorbed 1 to 2 mg of water over several days. When these cassettes were placed in a desiccator, they lost mass consistently but did not approach a stable mass. Studies repeated with cassettes made of stainless steel showed negligible mass variability. Based on this study, the use of stainless steel cassettes is recommended for gravimetric determinations of aerosol exposure, although field blanks may in some cases be used for correction of data from plastic cassettes. This study shows the need to evaluate the mass stability of the cassette material of any sampling device where an internal cassette is weighed together with the filter. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, US PHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Phys Sci & Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, US PHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Phys Sci & Engn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 8 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1998)059<0582:LIOTMS>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 112VU UT WOS:000075516000009 PM 9725936 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI ELPAT program report: Background and current status (February 1998) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAD C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, PSH, CDC,Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, PSH, CDC,Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R8, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 8 BP 592 EP 595 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 112VU UT WOS:000075516000010 ER PT J AU Daley, WR AF Daley, WR TI Factors associated with implantation of single- versus dual-chamber pacemakers in 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SICK SINUS SYNDROME; SURVIVAL; COMPLICATIONS; SELECTION; BLOCK AB Characteristics of hospitalized patients receiving initial pacemaker implantation were determined using a multistate inpatient discharge database. Analysis revealed a significant association of pacemaker type with patient age and income level, even after controlling for diagnostic factors. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Surveillance & Biometr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Daley, WR (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, EHHE, HSB, Mailstop F-46,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 82 IS 3 BP 392 EP + DI 10.1016/S0002-9149(98)00327-0 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 107EK UT WOS:000075193900027 PM 9708676 ER PT J AU Menard, MK Liu, QD Holgren, EA Sappenfield, WM AF Menard, MK Liu, QD Holgren, EA Sappenfield, WM TI Neonatal mortality for very low birth weight deliveries in South Carolina by level of hospital perinatal service SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the South-Atlantic-Association-of-Obstetricians-and-Gynecologists CY JAN 24-27, 1998 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP S Atlantic Assoc Obstetricians & Gynecologists DE infant mortality; neonatal intensive care; outcome and process assessment (health; care); prematurity; regionalization of perinatal care ID REGIONALIZATION; INFANTS; POPULATION; CARE AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether neonatal mortality rates for very low birth weight (500 to 1499 g) infants born in South Carolina differ by level of perinatal services available at the hospital of birth. STUDY DESIGN: Linked live birth certificates and infant death certificates for 1993 through 1995 were used. Birth weight-specific neonatal mortality rates among 2375 very low birth weight infants were estimated and analyzed by race and by level of perinatal services at the hospital of birth. Rates were compared with chi(2) analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of very low birth weight deliveries occurred in level III hospitals. The overall neonatal mortality rate was 178 deaths/1000 very low birth weight live births. Neonatal mortality rates, adjusted for birth weight and race, were significantly higher (P < .05) for infants born in level I hospitals (267 deaths/1000 live births), all level II hospitals (232 deaths/1000 live births), and level II hospitals with neonatologists (213 deaths/1000 live births) than for infants born in level III centers (146 deaths/1000 live births). CONCLUSION: Very low birth weight infants are more likely to survive if born in level III hospitals than in level I or II facilities, with or without neonatologists. Obstetric providers should support public health efforts and perinatal health systems to ensure that all women have access to a strong system of risk-appropriate perinatal care. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal & Fetal Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Bur Maternal & Child Hlth, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Menard, MK (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal & Fetal Med, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. NR 23 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 179 IS 2 BP 374 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70367-9 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 115MF UT WOS:000075668300026 PM 9731841 ER PT J AU Field, AE Colditz, GA Fox, MK Byers, T Serdula, M Bosch, RJ Peterson, KE AF Field, AE Colditz, GA Fox, MK Byers, T Serdula, M Bosch, RJ Peterson, KE TI Comparison of 4 questionnaires for assessment of fruit and vegetable intake SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CANCER PREVENTION; UNITED-STATES; BASE-LINE; HEALTH AB Objective. This study compared Fruit and vegetable assessments derived from I self-administered questionnaires. Methods. Among 102 adolescents, servings of fruits and vegetables assessed by 4 questionnaires were compared with estimates from 24-hour recalls. Results, nle prevalence of consuming 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day was underestimated by the questionnaires, Questionnaires asking subjects to recall their diet over the previous year were more effective iu ranking subjects (r's greater than or equal to.42) than those assessing previous-day diet (r's greater than or equal to.30). onclusions. Brief assessments of fruit and vegetable intake are more useful for ranking subjects than for estimating prevalence of consumption of 5 or more servings per day. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr & Maternal & Child Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Field, AE (reprint author), Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 20 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1998 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1216 EP 1218 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.8.1216 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106XJ UT WOS:000075176300014 PM 9702152 ER PT J AU Headrick, ML Korangy, S Bean, NH Angulo, FJ Altekruse, SF Potter, ME Klontz, KC AF Headrick, ML Korangy, S Bean, NH Angulo, FJ Altekruse, SF Potter, ME Klontz, KC TI The epidemiology of raw milk-associated foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the United States, 1973 through 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study describes the epidemiology of raw milk-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1973 through 1992. Methods. Surveillance data for each reported raw milk-associated outbreak were reviewed. A national survey was conducted to determine the legal status of intrastate raw milk sales for the period 1973 through 1995. Results. Forty-six raw milk-associated outbreaks were reported during the study period; 40 outbreaks (87%) occurred in states where the intrastate sale of raw milk was legal. Conclusions. Consumption of raw milk remains a preventable cause of foodborne disease outbreaks. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Epidemiol Branch, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klontz, KC (reprint author), HFS-728,200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 14 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1998 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1219 EP 1221 DI 10.2105/AJPH.88.8.1219 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 106XJ UT WOS:000075176300015 PM 9702153 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Evatt, BL AF Hooper, WC Evatt, BL TI The role of activated protein C resistance in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE venous thromboembolism; activated protein C resistance; factor V Leiden ID FACTOR-V LEIDEN; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; POOR ANTICOAGULANT RESPONSE; ADDITIONAL RISK FACTOR; COAGULATION-FACTOR-V; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DEFICIENT FAMILIES; MUTATION AB Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease in the United States. VTE is usually a consequence of either acquired or inherited alterations in hemostatic regulatory proteins. These regulatory proteins are predominantly those of the protein C/protein S natural anticoagulant pathway. Acquired deficiencies in this pathway are frequently a consequence of other clinical entities leg, cancer, AIDS, and diabetes), while inherited deficiencies can be responsible for venous thrombosis in an otherwise healthy individual. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe the pathobiology of the anticoagulant protein system and to review the clinical implications of activated protein C resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 80 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 316 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 DI 10.1097/00000441-199808000-00007 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107VM UT WOS:000075231700007 PM 9704665 ER PT J AU Lammie, PJ Reiss, MD Dimock, KA Streit, TG Roberts, JM Eberhard, ML AF Lammie, PJ Reiss, MD Dimock, KA Streit, TG Roberts, JM Eberhard, ML TI Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; PEDIATRIC POPULATION; RISK FACTOR; RESPONSIVENESS; ANTIGENS; MICROFILAREMIA; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; IGG4 AB Longitudinal studies are being conducted in Leogane, Haiti to investigate the relationship between acquisition of filarial infection and development of antifilarial immunity as well as the impact of maternal infection on this relationship. Children (0-24 months of age) residing in Leogane were enrolled and were examined periodically to monitor parasitologic status and to collect serum for antigen and antifilarial antibody determinations. To examine the development of filarial antigenemia and antifilarial antibody responses in this cohort, serum samples were selected from a cross section of the population at two (n = 82) and four years of age (n = 76). Antigen prevalence increased from 6% among two-year-olds to more than 30% among four-year-olds, but in only one four-year-old child were microfilaria detected in a 20-mu l smear. The proportion of antigen-positive children born to antigen-positive mothers was higher than the proportion of antigen-positive children born to antigen-negative mothers (9.8% versus 0% for two-year-olds; P = 0.15; and 39.6% versus 22.7% for four-year-olds; P = 0.18). Antifilarial IgG4 levels were significantly higher among antigen-positive children at both two and four years of age (P < 0.001). In analyses of paired samples, antifilarial IgG4 responses increased significantly more among children who acquired infection by four years of age than among children who remained antigen negative, whereas antifilarial IgG1 and IgG2 responses changed equally for antigen-positive and -negative children. Antifilarial antibody levels were not influenced by maternal infection status, but were significantly influenced by age, antigen status, and the neighborhood within the community. These results provide evidence that children acquire infection early in life and suggest that antifilarial antibody responses may peak in early childhood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cell Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109NN UT WOS:000075329000006 PM 9715935 ER PT J AU Koumans, EHA Katz, DJ Malecki, JM Kumar, S Wahlquist, SP Arrowood, MJ Hightower, AW Herwaldt, BL AF Koumans, EHA Katz, DJ Malecki, JM Kumar, S Wahlquist, SP Arrowood, MJ Hightower, AW Herwaldt, BL TI An outbreak of cyclosporiasis in Florida in 1995: A harbinger of multistate outbreaks in 1996 and 1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN RESIDENTS; NEPAL; TRAVELERS; ORGANISM; PATHOGEN; SOIL AB Before 1995, only one outbreak of cyclosporiasis had been reported in the United States. To identify risk factors for Cyclospora infection acquired in Florida in 1995, we conducted a matched case-control study (24 sporadic cases and 69 controls) and retrospective cohort studies of clusters of cases associated with two May social events (attack rates = 15.4% [8 of 52] and 54.5% [6 of 11]). In univariate analysis of data from the case-control study, consumption of fresh raspberries (odds ratio [OR] = 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-31.7) and barehanded contact with soil (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.4-20.7) were associated with infection; soil contact was also implicated in multivariate analysis. For the events, mixed-fruit items that had only fresh raspberries and strawberries in common had elevated relative risks (3.7 and 4.2), but the confidence intervals overlapped 1.0. The raspberries eaten at the events and by sporadic case-patients were imported. Given the cumulative evidence of the three studies and the occurrence in 1996 and 1997 of outbreaks in North America associated with consumption of Guatemalan raspberries, food-borne transmission of Cyclospora was likely in 1995 in Florida as well. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109NN UT WOS:000075329000010 PM 9715939 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Rigau-Perez, JG Clark, GG Reiter, P Gubler, DJ AF Meltzer, MI Rigau-Perez, JG Clark, GG Reiter, P Gubler, DJ TI Using disability-adjusted life years to assess the economic impact of dengue in Puerto Rico: 1984-1994 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; HEALTH PROBLEM; DISEASE; BURDEN; WORLD AB This study presents the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a non-monetary economic measure of impact, lost to dengue in Puerto Rico for the period 1984-1994. Data on the number of reported cases, cases with hemorrhagic manifestations, hospitalizations, and deaths were obtained from a surveillance system maintained at the Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (San Juan, PR). The reported cases were divided into two age groups (0-15 years old and > 15 years old), and then multiplied by predetermined factors (10 for 0-15 years; 27 for > 15 years) to allow for age-related under-reporting of cases. Severity of dengue was modeled by classifying cases into three groups: dengue fever, dengue with severe manifestations, and hospitalized cases. Each group was assigned a different number of days lost because of dengue-related disability. Dengue caused an average of 658 DALYs per year per million population (SE = 114, range = 145-1,519). A multivariate sensitivity analysis, which simultaneously altered the values of six input variables, produced a mean of 580 DALYs/year/million population, with a maximum average of 1,021 DALYs/year/million population, and a maximum, single-year estimate for 1994 of 2,153 DALYs/million population. The most important input was the number of days lost to classic dengue. The DALYs/year/million population lost to dengue in Puerto Rico are much greater than previous estimates concerning the impact of dengue hemorrhagic fever alone. The loss to dengue is similar to the losses per million population in the Latin American and Caribbean region attributed to any of the following diseases or disease clusters; the childhood cluster (polio, measles, pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus), meningitis, hepatitis, or malaria. The loss is also of the same order of magnitude as any one of the following: tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases (excluding human immunodeficiency virus), tropical cluster (e.g., Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis), or intestinal helminths. The results objectively suggest that when governments and international funding agencies allocate resources for research and control, dengue should be given a priority equal to many other infectious diseases that are generally considered more important. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 265 EP 271 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109NN UT WOS:000075329000015 PM 9715944 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG AF Rigau-Perez, JG TI The early use of break-bone fever (quebranta huesos, 1771) and dengue (1801) in Spanish SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB The appellation of break-bone fever for dengue is attributed to the popular name given to the disease in the first described epidemic of an illness that is clinically compatible with dengue in Philadelphia in 1780. The origin of the word dengue as the name of an illness is currently attributed to the Swahili phrase Ka dinga pepo, thought to have crossed from Africa to the Caribbean in 1827; in Cuba this phrase was popularly identified with the Spanish word dengue. This article presents documents from Spanish archives that indicate the use of quebranta huesos (break-bone) by a physician in Puerto Rico to describe a febrile illness in 1771, and the use of the term dengue by the Queen of Spain in 1801 to describe an acute febrile illness with bone and joint pains, hemorrhage, and jaundice. These texts are evidence of a more generalized use of the term break-bone than previously recognized, and conversely, the specifically Spanish origin of dengue as the name for an illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. RP Rigau-Perez, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 2 Calle Casia, San Juan, PR 00921 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 272 EP 274 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109NN UT WOS:000075329000016 PM 9715945 ER PT J AU Ito, A Plancarte, A Ma, L Kong, Y Flisser, A Cho, SY Liu, YH Kamhawi, S Lightowlers, MN Schantz, PM AF Ito, A Plancarte, A Ma, L Kong, Y Flisser, A Cho, SY Liu, YH Kamhawi, S Lightowlers, MN Schantz, PM TI Novel antigens for neurocysticercosis: Simple method for preparation and evaluation for serodiagnosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; GLYCOPROTEIN ANTIGENS; CYST FLUID; CYSTICERCOSIS; COMPONENTS; ELISA AB Neurocysticercosis (NCC), which is caused by infection with the larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), is now recognized as a major cause of neurologic diseases in countries where the infection is endemic. Migration of persons from these countries is resulting in diagnosis and local transmission in nonendemic countries at increasing rates. In the present study, immunoblotting and an ELISA were carried out using antigens of T. solium cysticerci fractionated by isoelectric focusing and serum samples from patients with NCC, alveolar (AE) or cystic echinococcosis (CE), and other diseases. Immunoblot analysis revealed antigens fractionated by isoelectric focusing (pH 9.2-9.6) either from cyst fluid of T. solium cysticerci or from intact cysts had unique components (glycoproteins) highly specific and sensitive for detection of NCC exclusively. All confirmed NCC serum samples (53 of 53) recognized at least three major bands of 10-26-kD of fractions with pH 9.2-9.6 from either intact cysts or cyst fluid. These bands were not recognized by sera from patients with other parasitic diseases including AE (0 of 34), CE (0 of 36), or other heterologous parasitoses (0 of 77), patients with hepatoma (0 of 19) or sarcoidosis (0 of 11), or sera from healthy controls (0 of 29). The ELISA using the antigens showed the same sensitivity and specificity for differentiation of NCC (53 of 53) from other diseases (0 of 107) or healthy individuals (0 of 29). Both immunoblotting and the ELISA using the fractionated antigens readily differentiated all NCC from AE or CE in a blind test of 29 serum samples of persons with NCC, CE, and AE. Antigens fractionated from cyst fluid of T. solium cysticerci by a simple, single-step isoelectric focusing (pH 9.2-9.6) are highly specific and sensitive for differential serodiagnosis of NCC in immunoblotting and/or an ELISA. C1 Gifu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, Gifu 500, Japan. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Mol Parasitol, Suwon, South Korea. Catholic Univ Korea, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, Seoul, South Korea. Chongqing Univ Med Sci, Inst Infect & Parasit Dis, Chongqing, Peoples R China. Yarmouk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Irbid, Jordan. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, Werribee, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Ito, A (reprint author), Gifu Univ, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, Gifu 500, Japan. RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014; Lightowlers, Marshall/L-5966-2015; Cho, Seung-Yull/G-5517-2011 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187; Lightowlers, Marshall/0000-0002-6655-0086; Cho, Seung-Yull/0000-0002-7579-8120 NR 16 TC 100 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109NN UT WOS:000075329000020 PM 9715949 ER PT J AU Karanja, DHS Boyer, AE Strand, M Colley, DG Nahlen, BL Ouma, JH Secor, WE AF Karanja, DHS Boyer, AE Strand, M Colley, DG Nahlen, BL Ouma, JH Secor, WE TI Studies on schistosomiasis in western Kenya: II. Efficacy of praziquantel for treatment of schistosomiasis in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency VIRUS-1 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PARASITE SURVIVAL; HOST ANTIBODY; MANSONI; ANTIGENS; CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOPATHOLOGY; AIDS; MICE AB Praziquantel is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis chemotherapy. Although the exact mechanism of how praziquantel kills schistosomes remains poorly understood, the immune response of the host is an important factor in drug efficacy. It is thus possible that disease states of humans that lead to immunodeficiencies, such as infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), may render praziquantel less effective in treating schistosomiasis, To test this hypothesis, persons with high levels of Schistosoma mansoni infection who were or were not also infected with HIV-1 were treated with a standard regimen of praziquantel and monitored by quantitative fecal examination and plasma circulating cathodic antigen. Both groups responded to praziquantel therapy equally and individuals with low percentages (< 20%) of CD4(+) T cells did not differ from individuals with higher CD4 cell percentages. These data demonstrate that persons with HIV-1 infection can be treated effectively for schistosomiasis with praziquantel. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Minist Hlth, Div Vector Borne Dis, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 2 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109NN UT WOS:000075329000023 PM 9715952 ER PT J AU Sharp, TW Brennan, RJ Keim, M Williams, RJ Eitzen, E Lillibridge, S AF Sharp, TW Brennan, RJ Keim, M Williams, RJ Eitzen, E Lillibridge, S TI Medical preparedness for a terrorist incident involving chemical or biological agents during the 1996 Atlanta Olympic games SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MASS DESTRUCTION; NERVE AGENTS; TOKYO SUBWAY; WARFARE; WEAPONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EMERGENCY; DISASTER; DEFENSE; THREAT AB During the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, unprecedented preparations were undertaken to cope with the health consequences of a terrorist incident involving chemical or biological agents. Local, state, federal, and military resources joined to establish a specialized incident assessment team and science and technology center. Critical antimicrobials and antidotes were strategically stockpiled. First-responders received specialized training, and local acute care capabilities were supplemented. Surveillance systems were augmented and strengthened. However, this extensive undertaking revealed a number of critical issues that must be resolved if our nation is to successfully cope with an attack of this nature. Emergency preparedness in this complex arena must be based on carefully conceived priorities. Improved capabilities must be developed to rapidly recognize an incident and characterize the agents involved, as well as to provide emergency decontamination and medical care. Finally, capabilities must be developed to rapidly implement emergency public health interventions and adequately protect emergency responders. C1 US Marine Corps, Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Lillibridge, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 55 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 32 IS 2 BP 214 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70139-8 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 106JL UT WOS:000075126100014 PM 9701305 ER PT J AU Dematte, JE O'Mara, K Buescher, J Whitney, CG Forsythe, S McNamee, T Adiga, RB Ndukwu, IM AF Dematte, JE O'Mara, K Buescher, J Whitney, CG Forsythe, S McNamee, T Adiga, RB Ndukwu, IM TI Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heat stroke; intensive care units; outcome assessment (health care); health status; activities of daily living ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ST-LOUIS; HEATSTROKE; COAGULATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; DEATHS; LIVER AB Background: In July 1995, Chicago sustained a heat wave that resulted in more than 600 excess deaths, 3300 excess emergency department visits, and a substantial number of intensive care unit admissions for near-fatal heat stroke. Objective: To describe the clinical features of patients admitted to an intensive care unit with near-fatal classic heat stroke. Patients were followed for 1 year to assess delayed functional outcome and mortality. Design: Observational study. Setting: Intensive care units in the Chicago area. Patients: 58 patients admitted to the hospital from 12 July to 20 July 1995 who met the case definition of classic heat stroke. Measurements: The data collection tool was designed to compile demographic and survival data and to permit analysis of organ system function by abstracting data on physical examination findings, electrocardiography and echocardiography results, fluid resuscitation, radiography results, and laboratory findings. Data on functional status at discharge and at 1 year were collected by using a modified Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. Results: Patients experienced multiorgan dysfunction with neurologic impairment (100%), moderate to severe renal insufficiency (53%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (45%), and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (10%); Fifty-seven percent of patients had evidence of infection on admission. In-hospital mortality was 21%. Most survivors recovered near-normal renal, hematologic, and respiratory status, but disability persisted, resulting in moderate to severe functional-impairment in 33% of patients at hospital discharge. At 1 year, no patient had improved functional status, and an additional 28% of patients had died. Conclusions: Near-fatal classic heat stroke is associated with multiorgan dysfunction. A high percentage of patients had infection at presentation. A high mortality rate was observed during acute hospitalization and at 1 year, in addition, substantial functional impairment at discharge persisted 1 year. The degree of functional disability correlated highly with survival at 1 year. C1 Univ Chicago, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Michael Reese Hosp & Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60521 USA. Resurrect Med Ctr, Crit Care Unit, Chicago, IL 60631 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Dean Students Off, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ndukwu, IM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, 5481 S Maryland Ave,MC 6076, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00055] NR 53 TC 167 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 3 BP 173 EP + PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104UA UT WOS:000075032700001 PM 9696724 ER PT J AU Shapiro, RL Hatheway, C Swerdlow, DL AF Shapiro, RL Hatheway, C Swerdlow, DL TI Botulism in the United States: A clinical and epidemiologic review SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TOXIN TYPE-A; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM; INFANT BOTULISM; ADULT BOTULISM; ENCODING GENE; NEUROTOXIN; ANTITOXIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swerdlow, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 63 TC 238 Z9 254 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104UA UT WOS:000075032700008 PM 9696731 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR TI Linking antimicrobial use to nosocomial infections: The role of a combined laboratory-epidemiology approach SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ACINETOBACTER-CALCOACETICUS; BAUMANNII; OUTBREAK; NEED C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 3 BP 245 EP 247 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104UA UT WOS:000075032700010 PM 9696734 ER PT J AU Trees, DL Sandul, AL Whittington, WL Knapp, JS AF Trees, DL Sandul, AL Whittington, WL Knapp, JS TI Identification of novel mutation patterns in the parC gene of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; TOPOISOMERASE-IV; REDUCED UPTAKE; DNA GYRASE; STRAINS; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; NORFLOXACIN; ACID AB Of 65 ciprofloxacin-resistant, clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 5 isolates exhibited ParC mutations previously undescribed in the gonococcus. For isolates containing two ParC mutations (the Ser-87-->Ile and Glu-91-->Gly mutations and the Gly-85-->Cys and Arg116-->Leu mutations) the MICs of ciprofloxacin (8.0 to 64.0 mu g/ml) were higher than those for the isolate containing the single ParC mutation (Arg-116-->Leu; MIC, 1.0 mu g/ml). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial STD Branch, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Neisseria Reference Lab, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Trees, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial STD Branch, Div AIDS STD TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dlt1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 42 IS 8 BP 2103 EP 2105 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 106LV UT WOS:000075131800038 PM 9687414 ER PT J AU Brazell, T Peter, C Ginsberg, M Montes, J Bolan, G Waterman, S Ehret, J Judson, FN AF Brazell, T Peter, C Ginsberg, M Montes, J Bolan, G Waterman, S Ehret, J Judson, FN TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae - San Diego, California, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 405-408, 1998) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 San Diego Cty Dept Hlth, Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Community Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, STD Control Br, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Denver Dept Hlth, Denver, CO USA. CDC, Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Dis Br, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Br, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brazell, T (reprint author), San Diego Cty Dept Hlth, Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Community Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92101 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 134 IS 8 BP 1049 EP 1050 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 110ZY UT WOS:000075413900031 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S AF Shahangian, S TI Proficiency testing in laboratory medicine SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch G23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shahangian, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Div Lab Syst, Lab Practice Assessment Branch G23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 122 IS 8 BP 674 EP 674 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 106XV UT WOS:000075177300003 PM 9701327 ER PT J AU Astles, JR Lipman, HB Schalla, WO Blumer, SO Fehd, RJ Smith, C Hearn, TL AF Astles, JR Lipman, HB Schalla, WO Blumer, SO Fehd, RJ Smith, C Hearn, TL TI Impact of quality control on accuracy in enzyme immunoassay testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY PERFORMANCE; VARIABLES AB Objective.-To assess use of quality control (QC) material, supplemental to internal kit controls (calibrators), as protection against errors in enzyme immunoassay testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies. Design.-From August 1994 to January 1996, enzyme immunoassay testing accuracy was assessed for laboratories participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Model Performance Evaluation Program that provided information regarding their use of QC material. Error rates were examined for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody-negative, strongly positive, and weakly positive samples. Results.-The overall error rate with QC (2.20%) was significantly (P =.0023) tower than the error rate without QC (2.90%). With QC use there was a significant reduction in the relative risk of error for negative (P =.014) and weakly positive (P =.0067) samples. After multivariate analysis, use of QC lowered overall error rate by 29% (P =.0009). Laboratories not using QC were at increased risk of systematic error. Following the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 guidelines for QC material was relatively more protective against error than lower frequencies/number of levels. Conclusions.-Using QC protected against errors in enzyme immunoassay testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibodies. Two levels of QC should be used with each run as mandated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Astles, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Mail Stop F-11,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 122 IS 8 BP 700 EP 707 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 106XV UT WOS:000075177300007 PM 9701331 ER PT J AU Etzel, RA Montana, E Sorenson, WG Kullman, GJ Allan, TM Dearborn, DG AF Etzel, RA Montana, E Sorenson, WG Kullman, GJ Allan, TM Dearborn, DG TI Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS; ENUMERATION AB Background: A geographic cluster of 10 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in infants occurred in Cleveland, Ohio, between January 1993 and December 1994. Study Design: This community-based case-control study tested the hypothesis that the 10 infants with pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis were more likely to live in homes where Stachybotrys atra was present than were 30 age- and ZIP code-matched control infants. We investigated the infants' home environments using bio-aerosol sampling methods, with specific attention to S atra. Air and surface samples were collected from the room where the infant was reported to have spent the most time. Results: Mean colony counts for all fungi averaged 29 227 colony-forming units (CFU)/m(3) in homes of patients and 707 CFU/m(3) in homes of controls. The mean concentration of S atra in the air was 43 CFU/m(3) in homes of patients and 4 CFU/m(3) in homes of controls. Viable S atr was detected in filter cassette samples of the air in the homes of 5 of 9 patients and 4 of 27 controls. The matched odds ratio for a change of 10 units in the mean concentration of S atra in the air was 9.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-3 x 10(6)). The mean concentration of S atra on surfaces was 20 x 10(6) CFU/g and 0.007 x 10(6) CFU/g in homes of patients and controls, respectively. Conclusion: Infants with pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis were more likely than controls to live in homes with toxigenic S atra and other fungi in the indoor air. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Agri Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Case Western Reserve Univ, Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Etzel, RA (reprint author), 1400 Independence Ave SW,Room 3718 Franklin Ct, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM RUTH.ETZEL@USDA.GOV NR 32 TC 187 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 152 IS 8 BP 757 EP 762 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JQ UT WOS:000075126500007 PM 9701134 ER PT J AU Fanslow, JL Norton, RN Robinson, EM Spinola, CG AF Fanslow, JL Norton, RN Robinson, EM Spinola, CG TI Outcome evaluation of an emergency department protocol of care on partner abuse SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; BATTERED WOMEN; VICTIMS; PHYSICIANS; DOCTORS AB Study objective: To evaluate the impact of a protocol on partner abuse (PA) at increasing identification and improving acute management of abused women by emergency department (ED) staff. Methods: A community intervention trial compared two public hospital EDs at baseline and following implementation of a PA intervention. The intervention involved training staff at one ED in a protocol for the identification and acute management of abused women. Outcomes were assessed by reviewing a random sample of women's medical records. Identification of PA was assessed for each record on a yes/no basis. identified cases were classified as 'confirmed' or 'suspected' PA. Acute management was assessed by ascertaining staff documentation of abuse and use of interventions. Results: approximately equal numbers of records were reviewed at each ED pre and post implementation (total n=8,051). Eighty-nine per cent of ED staff were trained. No difference in the overall identification of PA was found (chi(2)=0.13, p=0.72), but logistic regression analyses showed other significant changes. At the intervention site, there was an increase in confirmed cases of PA (chi(2)=17.6, p=0.006), a trend towards increased documentation (chi(2)=3.5, p=0.06) and a significant increase in interventions offered (chi(2)=13.8, p=0.002). Changes at the comparison site failed to reach significance. Conclusion: implementation of this protocol resulted in a moderate increase in confirmed cases of abuse and improved the acute management offered to identified victims. The findings reinforce recommendations for widespread implementation of training and protocols to address partner abuse. C1 Univ Auckland, Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Biostat Unit, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Univ Auckland, Alcohol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Auckland 1, New Zealand. RP Fanslow, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Family & Intimate Violence Prevent Team, NCIPC, DVP, MS K-60,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlf7@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 3 PU PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC AUSTRALIA INC PI CURTIN PA PO BOX 319, CURTIN, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 1326-0200 J9 AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL JI Aust. N. Z. Publ. Health PD AUG PY 1998 VL 22 IS 5 BP 598 EP 603 DI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.1998.tb01445.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 143DJ UT WOS:000077239500017 PM 9744216 ER PT J AU Feingold, JM Abraham, J Bilgrami, S Ngo, N Visvesara, GS Edwards, RL Tutschka, PJ AF Feingold, JM Abraham, J Bilgrami, S Ngo, N Visvesara, GS Edwards, RL Tutschka, PJ TI Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation SO BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; meningoencephalitis; stem cell transplantation ID ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; PATIENT; AMEBAS; AIDS AB Amoebic meningoencephalitis is an unusual complication of hone marrow transplantation. We report a case of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation. Leg weakness, fever and urinary retention developed 69 days following transplantation. The patient then developed fever, generalized tonic clonic seizure, rapid deterioration of mental functions and hypercapneic respiratory failure. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a ring enhancing lesion at the level of the thoracic spines 11 and 12. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed pleocytosis. Despite empiric therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, the patient's condition worsened and she died II days following admission. Autopsy findings revealed a subacute meningoencephalitis secondary to Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Jean Marie Colbert Bone Marrow Transpant Ctr, Sch Med, Farmington, CT 06062 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Farmington, CT 06062 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Feingold, JM (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Jean Marie Colbert Bone Marrow Transpant Ctr, Sch Med, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06062 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0268-3369 J9 BONE MARROW TRANSPL JI Bone Marrow Transplant. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 297 EP 300 DI 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701320 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation SC Biophysics; Oncology; Hematology; Immunology; Transplantation GA 105CZ UT WOS:000075056200014 PM 9720747 ER PT J AU Sturgeon, SR Brock, JW Potischman, N Needham, LL Rothman, N Brinton, LA Hoover, RN AF Sturgeon, SR Brock, JW Potischman, N Needham, LL Rothman, N Brinton, LA Hoover, RN TI Serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and endometrial cancer risk (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE endometrial cancer; DDT; PCB; organochlorines; United States; women ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BREAST-CANCER; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; WOMEN; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; UTERUS AB Objectives: Endogenous and exogenous estrogens are important in the development of endometrial cancer. Several organochlorine compounds, such as o,p'-DDT, have estrogenic properties. The objective of this case-control analysis was to examine serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds and risk of endometrial cancer. Methods: Analyses were based on a sample of 90 endometrial cancer cases and 90 individually matched community controls from a multicenter case-control study in five geographic regions of the United States. Information on potential confounders, including menstrual and reproductive factors, cigarette smoking, diet, and weight, was obtained by interview. Results: The adjusted relative risk of endometrial cancer in the highest quartile of exposure compared with women in the lowest quartile was 0.7 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.2-2.0) for p,p'-DDE, and 0.9 for total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (CI = 0.4-2.5). Conclusions: These findings do not support the hypothesis that organochlorine compounds are linked to the development of endometrial cancer. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Hormonal Studies Sect, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sturgeon, SR (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Hormonal Studies Sect, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Execut Plaza N,Room 443, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 30 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD AUG PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1023/A:1008823802393 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 127AT UT WOS:000076328100009 PM 9794174 ER PT J AU Choudhary, G Hansen, H AF Choudhary, G Hansen, H TI Human health perspective on environmental exposure to hydrazines: A review SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Review ID CARCINOGEN 1,2-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSEQUENT RISK; FREE-RADICALS; DNA; RATS; METABOLISM AB Hydrazines are colorless liquid compounds that have been found at various Department of Defense hazardous waste sites. They are designated as environmental contaminants causing adverse effects to public health and have been identified at many National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites and federal facilities sites in the United States. Three chemically similar hydrazines - hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine - occur in the environment and cause adverse health effects to persons living near hazardous waste sites. Humans are exposed to hydrazines by drinking contaminated water, by inhaling contaminated air, or by swallowing or touching contaminated dust. Human occupational data and studies in laboratory animals suggest that people exposed to hydrazines may develop adverse systemic health effects or cancer. Hydrazines have caused cancer in animals following acute- or intermediate-duration exposure by the oral and inhalation routes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the World Health Organization have classified hydrazines as possible cancer- causing environmental contaminants. The presented information may be useful to public health officials, physicians, toxicologists, and government agencies for evaluating health effects data on hydrazines. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Choudhary, G (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop e-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 132 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1998 VL 37 IS 5 BP 801 EP 843 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00088-5 PG 43 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103XP UT WOS:000074983400001 PM 9717244 ER PT J AU Kilgore, ML Steindel, SJ Smith, JA AF Kilgore, ML Steindel, SJ Smith, JA TI Evaluating stat testing options in an academic health center: therapeutic turnaround time and staff satisfaction SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARE; POINT; GLUCOSE AB We compared centralized vs distributed methods for delivering "stat" test results for blood gas, glucose, and electrolyte assays. The parameters for comparison were as follows: (a) laboratory turnaround time (TAT), (b) therapeutic TAT, and (c) staff satisfaction. Therapeutic TAT, defined as the time from the initiating order to the receipt of the result and the implementation of any indicated change in treatment, was obtained by direct observation of testing procedures at the bedside and timing each step in the process. Observing therapeutic TAT yields information on the impact of laboratory testing methods in the context of clinical decision making. Therapeutic TAT was 1-2 min shorter for bedside testing compared with a satellite laboratory and 9-14 min shorter in the satellite laboratory compared with centralized testing. Satellite laboratories received the highest staff satisfaction scores, followed by bedside testing, with the central-laboratory receiving the lowest scores. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Div Lab Med, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kilgore, ML (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Div Lab Med, P230 West Pavil,619 S 19th St, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU412262-01] NR 17 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1597 EP 1603 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 107QW UT WOS:000075221600002 PM 9702944 ER PT J AU Caudill, SP Cooper, GR Smith, SJ Myers, GL AF Caudill, SP Cooper, GR Smith, SJ Myers, GL TI Assessment of current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol measurements SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; VARIABILITY; RECOMMENDATIONS; RISK; DISEASE; QUALITY; IMPACT; LIPIDS AB We examine the effect of systematic bias and random error, quality control, and intraperson biological variation on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) clinical classifications for reported lipid measurements. We consider misclassification to occur if a true lipid homeostatic set point is within a desirable range but the reported lipid value is in a high-risk range, or if a hue Lipid homeostatic set point is in a high-risk range but the reported Lipid value is in a desirable range. To evaluate the overall adequacy of the NCEP guidelines to ensure correct patient classification, we construct operating characteristic curves for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We demonstrate that if laboratories are meeting the NCEP guidelines for inherent bias and analytic precision and are using standard quality-control (QC) procedures incorporating at least two QC samples per analytical run from each of two QC pools (for a total of 4 QC samples), the current NCEP guidelines are adequate to ensure (probability >0.90) correct patient classifications regardless of the size of the systematic bias of the laboratory or increased random analytic error. Thus we suggest that at least two concentrations of QC material be included in the QC scheme to ensure that the measurement system is operating within desired specifications across the entire range of desirable and high-risk lipid concentrations and to ensure with high probability that patients are correctly classified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Caudill, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM spc1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 44 IS 8 BP 1650 EP 1658 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 107QW UT WOS:000075221600009 PM 9702951 ER PT J AU Gainzarain, JC Canut, A Lozano, M Labora, A Carreras, F Fenoy, S Navajas, R Pieniazek, NJ da Silva, AJ del Aguila, C AF Gainzarain, JC Canut, A Lozano, M Labora, A Carreras, F Fenoy, S Navajas, R Pieniazek, NJ da Silva, AJ del Aguila, C TI Detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in two human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with chronic diarrhea by polymerase chain reaction in duodenal biopsy specimens and review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT; INFECTION; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; ALBENDAZOLE; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB Intestinal microsporidiosis has been associated traditionally with severely immunocompromised patients with AIDS. We describe two new cases of intestinal microsporidiosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human immunodeficiency virus-negative adults. Both patients presented with chronic nonbloody diarrhea, and one had intestinal lymphangiectasia as well. Intestinal microsporidiosis was diagnosed by evaluation of stool samples, and the specific species was determined by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in duodenal biopsy specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of confirmation of E. bieneusi in the intestinal epithelium of HIV-negative individuals by use of PCR in duodenal biopsy specimens. Cases of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-negative individuals reported in the English-language literature are reviewed. These two new cases along with those described previously corroborate the need to evaluate for microsporidia in HIV-negative individuals with unexplained diarrhea. C1 Hosp Santiago Apostol, Secc Microbiol, Med Interna Serv, Vitoria 01004, Alava, Spain. Hosp Santiago Apostol, Serv Anat Patol, Vitoria, Spain. Univ San Pablo CEU, Secc Parasitol, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Canut, A (reprint author), Hosp Santiago Apostol, Secc Microbiol, Med Interna Serv, C Olaguibel 29, Vitoria 01004, Alava, Spain. RI del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016; Fenoy, Soledad /A-9633-2016 OI del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899; Fenoy, Soledad /0000-0002-5218-6308 NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1086/514660 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 108VB UT WOS:000075285400027 PM 9709895 ER PT J AU Duchin, JS Jereb, JA Smith, PA Nolan, CM AF Duchin, JS Jereb, JA Smith, PA Nolan, CM TI Sensitivities of the commercially available tuberculin skin test reagents in persons with recent tuberculosis - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Allergy & Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Duchin, JS (reprint author), Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, 999 3rd Ave,Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 2 BP 408 EP 409 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 108VB UT WOS:000075285400036 ER PT J AU Donaldson, C Narayan, KMV AF Donaldson, C Narayan, KMV TI The cost of diabetes - A useful statistic? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter ID MELLITUS C1 Univ Aberdeen, Hlth Econ Res Unit, Aberdeen, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Donaldson, C (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Community Hlth Sci, 3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM c.donalds@ucalgary.ca RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 1998 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1370 EP 1371 DI 10.2337/diacare.21.8.1370 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 106YA UT WOS:000075177900033 PM 9702454 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Knowler, W Narayan, V Saaddine, J Goldschmid, M Beckles, G Gregg, E Howard, B AF Fagot-Campagna, A Knowler, W Narayan, V Saaddine, J Goldschmid, M Beckles, G Gregg, E Howard, B TI HDL subfractions and incidence of type 2 diabetes: Opposite effects in men and women. SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, DDT, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Phoenix, AZ USA. Medlant Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD AUG PY 1998 VL 41 SU 1 MA 467 BP A120 EP A120 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 109ZG UT WOS:000075353800470 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Yaffe, K Cauley, JA Beckles, G Narayan, KMV AF Gregg, EW Yaffe, K Cauley, JA Beckles, G Narayan, KMV TI Type II diabetes is associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD AUG PY 1998 VL 41 SU 1 MA 469 BP A121 EP A121 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 109ZG UT WOS:000075353800473 ER PT J AU Will, JC Vinicor, F Calle, EE AF Will, JC Vinicor, F Calle, EE TI Getting and surviving prostate cancer: Are men with diabetes fortunate? SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD AUG PY 1998 VL 41 SU 1 MA 450 BP A116 EP A116 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 109ZG UT WOS:000075353800455 ER PT J AU Frost, FJ de la Cruz, AA Moss, DM Curry, M Calderon, RL AF Frost, FJ de la Cruz, AA Moss, DM Curry, M Calderon, RL TI Comparisons of ELISA and Western blot assays for detection of Cryptosporidium antibody SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; PERCOLL GRADIENTS; WATER SUPPLIES; OUTBREAK; OOCYSTS; GIARDIA; SPOROZOITES; PURIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION AB A seroprevalence survey was conducted using ELISA and Western blot (WB) assays for antibody to three Cryptosporidium antigens on 380 blood donors in Jackson County, Oregon. The purpose was to determine if either assay could detect serological evidence of an outbreak which occurred in Talent, Oregon 6 months earier. The ELISA, which tested for combined IgG, IgA and IgM, and the WE, which tested separately for IgG and IgA, detected an almost twofold increase in serological response for persons who consumed Talent drinking water during the previous 11 months. The increases, however, were statistically significant (P < 0.05) only for the WE. The identification of serological evidence of infection, using sera collected 6 months after the end of the outbreak in a population not selected because of cryptosporidiosis-like illness, suggests that assays of Cryptosporidium-specific IgG and IgA may assist in estimating the magnitude of asymptomatic infections in the population. C1 SW Ctr Managed Care Res, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Frost, FJ (reprint author), SW Ctr Managed Care Res, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 121 IS 1 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1017/S0950268898008991 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 118ZW UT WOS:000075871700024 PM 9747774 ER PT J AU Frost, FJ Calderon, RL Muller, TB Curry, M Rodman, JS Moss, DM de la Cruz, AA AF Frost, FJ Calderon, RL Muller, TB Curry, M Rodman, JS Moss, DM de la Cruz, AA TI A two-year follow-up survey of antibody to Cryptosporidium in Jackson County, Oregon following an outbreak of waterborne disease SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID GIARDIA; TRANSMISSION; SUPPLIES; OOCYSTS AB To estimate the duration of Cryptosporidium-specific antibody, a Western blot assay measured antibody in paired sera from 124 residents of Jackson County, Oregon collected 0.5 and 2.5 years after the end of an outbreak in Talent, Jackson County. The outcome measure was the intensity of antibody responses, (which may approximate to a titre), to 27-kDa and 15/17-kDa antigens. Intensity of response to the 27-kDa antigen(s) declined to 54% of the 1992 value while responses to a 15/17-kDa antigen(s) remained close to the initial values. Increasing age of the donor predicted higher intensity of antibody to the 15/17-kDa antigen(s) in both the initial (P = 0.004) and follow-up (P = 0.038) surveys. No relationship was observed between age and antibody intensity for the 27-kDa antigen(s) during either survey (P > 0.10). Both the initial and follow-up surveys showed significant elevations in antibody intensity for Talent residents, possibly indicating a high endemic rate of infection/re-infection or high levels of chronic infection. C1 SW Ctr Managed Care Res, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CDC, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Frost, FJ (reprint author), SW Ctr Managed Care Res, 2425 Ridgewest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. NR 19 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 121 IS 1 BP 213 EP 217 DI 10.1017/S095026889800898X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 118ZW UT WOS:000075871700025 PM 9747775 ER PT J AU Hu, W Hasan, A Wilson, A Stanford, MR Yun, LY Todryk, S Whiston, R Shinnick, T Mizushima, Y van der Zee, R Lehner, T AF Hu, W Hasan, A Wilson, A Stanford, MR Yun, LY Todryk, S Whiston, R Shinnick, T Mizushima, Y van der Zee, R Lehner, T TI Experimental mucosal induction of uveitis with the 60-kDa heat shock protein derived peptide 336-351 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE UVEORETINITIS; MYELIN BASIC-PROTEIN; BEHCETS-DISEASE; T-CELLS; S-ANTIGEN; IMMUNE DEVIATION; ORAL TOLERANCE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; SUPPRESSION; THERAPY AB Subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization of rats with the human 60-kDa heat shock protein (HSP)derived peptide 336-351 induced clinical and/or histological uveitis in 80 % of rats. Subsequent experiments to prevent the development of uveitis by oral or nasal administration of the peptide have failed, instead, uveitis was induced in 74.6 % of rats given the peptide orally (5 times), in 75 % given the peptide nasally (5 times) or 91.7 % of those administered the peptide by both routes (10 times). Histological examination showed that any one route of administration of the peptide elicited iridocyclitis in 42.2 % but loss of photoreceptors only in 4.9 % of rats. In contrast, sequential administrations of the peptide by a combined mucosal-s.c. route resulted in iridocyclitis in only 25 % but loss of photoreceptors in 40 % of animals. Examination of mRNA from CD4-enriched splenic cells by reverse transcription-PCR failed to yield significant differences in Th1 or Th2 cytokines, Treatment with monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD4 yielded a dose-dependent decrease in uveitis from 82 % to 25 %. Similarly, treatment with IL-4 significantly decreased the development of uveitis from 68 % to 30.4 %. Conversely, treatment of the rats with mAb to CD8 greatly enhanced the onset of uveitis (from about 22 days in the controls to 11 days) and all the rats developed uveitis by day 24. Thus, CD4(+) cells mediate, whereas CD8(+) cells suppress the development of uveitis. We suggest that this novel experimental mucosal model of induction of uveitis by the human 60-kDa HSP-derived peptide 336-351, which is specific in stimulating T cell responses in Behcet's disease, is consistent with the ore-genital onset of this disease and the development of uveitis. C1 United Med & Dent Sch Guys & St Thomas Hosp, Guys Hosp, Dept Immunol, London SE1 9RT, England. CDC, Hansens Dis Lab, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Marianna Univ, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Protect, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Lehner, T (reprint author), United Med & Dent Sch Guys & St Thomas Hosp, Guys Hosp, Dept Immunol, London SE1 9RT, England. EM t.Lehner@umds.ac.uk RI van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015 OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755 NR 42 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 2444 EP 2455 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199808)28:08<2444::AID-IMMU2444>3.0.CO;2-N PG 12 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 110LA UT WOS:000075381100020 PM 9710222 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB Howards, SS AF Peterson, HB Howards, SS TI Vasectomy and prostate cancer: the evidence to date SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES MEN; RISK; COHORT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE PI BIRMINGHAM PA 1209 MONTGOMERY HIGHWAY, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35216-2809 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 70 IS 2 BP 201 EP 203 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 105UN UT WOS:000075092100002 PM 9696206 ER PT J AU Marcus, M Kiely, J Xu, FJ McGeehin, M Jackson, R Sinks, T AF Marcus, M Kiely, J Xu, FJ McGeehin, M Jackson, R Sinks, T TI Changing sex ratio in the United States, 1969-1995 SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE sex ratio; vital statistics; time trends ID HORMONE LEVELS; CYCLE; TESTOSTERONE; CONCEPTION; INFANTS; DIOXIN; BIRTH AB Objective: To determine if the sex ratio of live births in the United States has changed during the 27 years from 1969 through 1995. Design: Regression analysis of secular trends in sex ratios. Setting: Population-based data. Patient(s): Liveborn infants in the United States 1969-1995. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sex of liveborn infant. Result(s): The sex ratio (number of male births divided by number of female births) declined significantly among whites during the 27 years under study. Among black newborns, the sex ratio significantly increased during the same time period. Conclusion(s): These secular trends could not be explained by changing maternal or paternal age, or by changing proportions of specific birth orders. Possible explanations for the observed changes in sex ratio include random fluctuations in sex ratio over time, changes in demographic characteristics of the population (other than the characteristics controlled for in this analysis), and changes in frequency or timing of intercourse. Environmental exposures are unlikely to account for the observed trends. (Fertil Steril(R) 1998;70:270-3. (C)1998 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE PI BIRMINGHAM PA 1209 MONTGOMERY HIGHWAY, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35216-2809 USA SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 70 IS 2 BP 270 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00149-6 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 105UN UT WOS:000075092100015 PM 9696219 ER PT J AU Scott, SA Jorgensen, CM Suarez, L AF Scott, SA Jorgensen, CM Suarez, L TI Concerns and dilemmas of Hispanic AIDS information seekers: Spanish-speaking callers to the CDC National AIDS Hotline SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; MINORITY WOMEN; ACCULTURATION; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; RISK; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE; LANGUAGE; GENDER AB Hispanic communities suffer disproportionately from the impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). Each year, thousands of Spanish-speaking Hispanics call the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National AIDS Hotline to ask questions about HIV. During 1995 alone, Spanish line staff answered more than 29,000 calls. This article presents a profile of callers and their concerns based on a systematic sample of these calls (N = 6,933) and qualitative data. The authors triangulated quantitative and qualitative results to provide a deeper understanding of the issues and dilemmas discussed with callers. Males and females called in equal numbers, but significant gender differences were observed in both situational and content variables. Gender roles, cultural values, and anxiety strongly affect the way that callers approach information and prevention. Findings suggest that health educators need to carefully examine whether prevention programs will reinforce or challenge traditional gender roles, sexual norms, and cultural values. C1 CDC Hotlines Project, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC Natl AIDS Hotline, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scott, SA (reprint author), CDC Hotlines Project, POB 13827, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM shesco@ashastd.org NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 25 IS 4 BP 501 EP 516 DI 10.1177/109019819802500408 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 102PP UT WOS:000074933300008 PM 9690107 ER PT J AU Dean, AG AF Dean, AG TI Epi Info 2000 and related software SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 19 IS 8 BP 603 EP 603 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 121DY UT WOS:000075998600018 ER PT J AU Kreindel, S McGuill, M Rupprecht, C DeMaria, A AF Kreindel, S McGuill, M Rupprecht, C DeMaria, A TI Rabies postexposure prophylaxis: When is it appropriate? SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Using data from medical records, we evaluated the epidemiology and appropriateness of rabies postexposure prophylaxis in Massachusetts. The study sample consisted of 1151 patients seen between 1990 and 1995 in the Boston area with diagnoses or events of rabies preventive treatment, rabies vaccine administration, and/or animal bite. Dogs and cats accounted for 93% of exposures in patients who received prophylaxis. Forty-six percent of individuals exposed to these animals started prophylaxis the same day the exposure occurred. In the case of 32% of patients who completed treatment, the animal was documented as being available for quarantine and/or testing. Human rabies immunoglobulin was not given to 18% of rabies vaccine recipients, despite a lack of history of rabies immunization. The study reveals that a large amount of rabies postexposure prophylaxis is administered to persons whose risk of exposure to the virus is very low or nonexistent. Much prophylaxis is administered when dog or cat quarantine or testing can be used to rule out rabies. Knowledge of the epidemiology of rabies in the area is frequently not applied when rabies postexposure prophylaxis is prescribed. Adherence to official recommendations for prophylaxis is often deficient, and failure to follow full prophylaxis protocol consistently is inappropriate and potentially dangerous. In a small but significant proportion of individuals receiving rabies postexposure prophylaxis, nonadherence to official recommendations occurs. C1 Bur Communicable Dis Control, Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kreindel, S (reprint author), Bur Communicable Dis Control, Dept Publ Hlth, 305 South St, Boston, MA 02130 USA. EM silvia.kreindel@state.ma.us NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 7 IS 6 BP 274 EP 279 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 108VH UT WOS:000075286100009 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Byers, TE Giles, WH AF Ford, ES Byers, TE Giles, WH TI Serum folate and chronic disease risk: findings from a cohort of United States adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort study cardiovascular diseases; folic acid; mortality; neoplasms; risk factors ID INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; NUTRITIONAL FACTORS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MICRONUTRIENT INTAKE; PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE AB Background Previous studies have suggested that folate may provide protection against various chronic conditions. Methods We examined the effect of serum folate concentration on mortality and chronic disease incidence in a nationally representative sample of 3059 adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study who were first examined from 1971 through 1975 and who were followed for about 19 years through 1992. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for the lowest quintile of serum folate compared with the highest quintile for selected causes of death and disease incidence. Results The hazards ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.18 (95% CI: 0.91-1.52); for mortality for diseases of the circulatory system, 1.31 (95% CI: 0.82-2.12]; and for cancer mortality 0.99 (95% CI : 0.46-2.11). The hazard ratio for incidence of diseases of the circulatory system was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.86-1.26): and for cancer incidence, 1.00 (95% CI: 0.61-1.66). The hazards ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.26 (95% C1: 1.01-1.57) for participants with a serum folate of <9.3 nmol/l compared with other participants. Conclusions Low levels of serum folate may be associated with mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular disease. However, the study lacked power to adequately examine the association between folate and disease-specific endpoints. Additional studies, using serum and other measures of folate nutritional status, are needed to examine the relationship between folate nutrition and other more specifically defined health outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biostat, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Chron Dis Control & Community Intervent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 67 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 592 EP 598 DI 10.1093/ije/27.4.592 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 120QM UT WOS:000075967900008 PM 9758112 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Afful, B Acheampong, JW AF Lawn, SD Afful, B Acheampong, JW TI Pulmonary tuberculosis: diagnostic delay in Ghanaian adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; diagnosis; delay; Africa ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB SETTING: Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, West Africa. OBJECTIVE: TO determine the factors affecting the delay from the onset of symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis until the initiation of treatment. DESIGN: A retrospective questionnaire survey of 100 adults with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS: The median total delay in diagnosis was 4 months (mean = 7.7), and total delay exceeded 6 months in 44% of patients. Total delay was strongly associated with rural residence (P = 0.001). The median doctor delay from the first consultation until diagnosis was double the median patient delay in initial presentation (8 weeks versus 4 weeks). Doctor delay was significantly increased in females, rural patients, and among those needing hospital admission. Increased doctor delay was strongly correlated with rates of failure to perform sputum microscopy (r = 0.39), low rates of diagnosis, and was seen particularly among private practitioners and rural government institutions. CONCLUSION: Delays in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis are prolonged in Kumasi, Ghana, with a frequently lengthy doctor delay. The new National Tuberculosis Programme is decentralising the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis, with the introduction of widely available sputum microscopy and rigorous training of health personnel. This should help to reduce doctor delay and thereby improve tuberculosis control. C1 Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Med Sci, Dept Med, Kumasi, Ghana. St George Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, London, England. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirus Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 101 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 2 IS 8 BP 635 EP 640 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 107BG UT WOS:000075185500006 PM 9712277 ER PT J AU Nopkesorn, T Mock, PA Mastro, TD Sangkharomya, S Sweat, M Limpakarnjanarat, K Laosakkitiboran, J Young, NL Morse, SA Schmid, S Weniger, BG AF Nopkesorn, T Mock, PA Mastro, TD Sangkharomya, S Sweat, M Limpakarnjanarat, K Laosakkitiboran, J Young, NL Morse, SA Schmid, S Weniger, BG TI HIV-1 subtype E incidence and sexually transmitted diseases in a cohort of military conscripts in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 incidence; Thailand; Asia; sexual HIV transmission; sexually transmitted diseases; syphilis; herpes simplex virus; Haemophilus ducreyi; chancroid; prostitution; condom use; male-to-male sex ID YOUNG MEN; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; RISK-FACTORS; CONDOM USE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PROBABILITY; BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIC AB Objectives: To determine the rate of and risk factors for HIV-1 seroconversion and describe sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence rates for young men in northern Thailand. Methods: Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires and serologic testing at enrollment In a prospective study in 1991 and at follow-up after 6, 17, and 23 months on a cohort of 1115 men selected by lottery for military conscription. Results: A total of 14 men seroconverted to HIV-I envelope subtype E. The overall HN-I incidence rate was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.8) per 100 person-years (PY) of follow-up. However, the rate was 2.0/100 PY for conscripts from the upper northern subregion of Thailand compared with 0.5/100 PY from other regions (adjusted rate ratio [RR] = 2.69; 95% CI, 0.8-12.2). On multivariate analyses, the behavioral factors associated with HIV-I seroconversion were frequency of sex with female sex workers (FSWs; p =.04), receptive anal sex (adjusted RR = 6.73; 95% CI, 1.8-21.7), and large amount of alcohol consumption (adjusted RR = 3.12; 95% CI, 1.0-10.9). Genital ulceration was the STD most strongly associated with seroconversion. The prevalence of serologic reactivity to syphilis, Hsemophilus ducreyi, and herpes simplex virus type 2 increased with greater frequency of sex with FSWs and was generally higher for men from the upper north. Conclusions: Young men in northern Thailand are at high risk for HIV-1, primarily through sex with FSWs; and other STDs are highly associated with HIV-1 incidence. As HIV-I infection extends into the general population, intervention programs are needed to address the problem of sexual transmission apart from commercial sex venues. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Royal Thai 3rd Army, Phitsanulok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Mastro, TD (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 372 EP 379 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106HV UT WOS:000075124600009 PM 9704943 ER PT J AU Downing, RG Otten, RA Marum, E Biryahwaho, B Alwano-Edyegu, MG Sempala, SDK Fridlund, CA Dondero, TJ Campbell, C Rayfield, MA AF Downing, RG Otten, RA Marum, E Biryahwaho, B Alwano-Edyegu, MG Sempala, SDK Fridlund, CA Dondero, TJ Campbell, C Rayfield, MA TI Optimizing the delivery of HIV counseling and testing services: The uganda experience using rapid HIV antibody test algorithms SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; rapid testing; counseling; Uganda ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WESTERN-BLOT; SCREENING ASSAYS; INFECTION; ABSENCE; DONORS AB The AIDS Information Center (AIC) was established in Kampala, Uganda in 1990 in response to increasing interest by members of the general public who wished to know their HIV serostatus. By 1996, >300,000 clients had been seen. HIV serologic testing was performed at a central laboratory and results reported back to AIC after 2 weeks. Approximately 25% of clients failed to learn their HIV serostatus as a result of failure to return or late arrival of results. To address these issues, AIC carried out an evaluation of 3 rapid HIV assays, Sere-Strip, SeroCard: and Capillus, against a standard criterion to identify a testing algorithm that could be used as an on-site confirmatory testing strategy, The study was carried out over a period of 5 working days and 325 clients were seen. An algorithm was identified, which gave no indeterminate results with unambiguously positive or negative specimens, which was 100% sensitive and specific, and which could be integrated with minimal disruption into existing counseling procedures. All clients left AIC knowing their HIV serostatus and having spent <2 hours at the Center. The results of this evaluation demonstrate that "same-day" results can be provided in counseling and testing settings without compromising the quality of counseling or the accuracy of HIV testing. C1 Uganda Virus Res Inst, CDC UVRI Res Collaborat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. RP Downing, RG (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, CDC UVRI Res Collaborat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106HV UT WOS:000075124600011 PM 9704945 ER PT J AU Witschger, O Willeke, K Grinshpun, SA Aizenberg, V Smith, J Baron, PA AF Witschger, O Willeke, K Grinshpun, SA Aizenberg, V Smith, J Baron, PA TI Simplified method for testing personal inhalable aerosol samplers SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ASPIRATION EFFICIENCIES; SAMPLING EFFICIENCY; WORKER; AIR; MODEL; DUST; BODY AB The presently available protocol for evaluating the performance of personal aerosol samplers according to the inhalable convention is difficult to satisfy as it requires a large cross-section wind tunnel. The present study was initiated to simplify and reduce the cost of the test method by mounting the test samplers on a small, stationary torso instead of a full-size rotating manikin. The simplified torso consisted of a rectangular three-dimensional body (33 cm wide, 21 cm deep, 21 cm high). Replicates of the personal inhalable aerosol sampler under consideration were attached in the center of each vertical face of the simplified torso representing the three principal sampling orientations (facing the wind, turned 90 degrees, and turned 180 degrees to the wind). When the samplers were mounted on a full-size manikin, the air flew in the vicinity of the manikin was found to depend on the sampler location, symmetry of the manikin, and position of the manikin's arms. On the simplified torso, the magnitude and direction of the air flow near the samplers were found to be comparable to that of the manikin. When subjected to nearly monodisperse aerosol Bows (particle size of 70 mu m, wind velocity of 50 and 200 cm s(-1)), both methods yielded aerosol sampling efficiencies that were statistically not different at three major sampling orientations. The advantages of the simplified torso are that fewer measurements need to he made; a smaller, less expensive wind tunnel can be used for the testing; and interlaboratory variability of personal inhalable samplers' performance may be decreased. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Aerosol Res & Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Witschger, O (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Aerosol Res & Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 29 IS 7 BP 855 EP 874 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10013-1 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZU008 UT WOS:000074152000007 ER PT J AU Day, JR Frank, AT O'Callaghan, JP DeHart, BW AF Day, JR Frank, AT O'Callaghan, JP DeHart, BW TI Effects of microgravity and bone morphogenetic protein II on GFAP in rat brain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hippocampus; spaceflight; stress; glucocorticoids; astrocytes; glial fibrillary acidic protein ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; ASTROCYTE LINEAGE CELLS; CA3 PYRAMIDAL NEURONS; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; MESSENGER-RNA; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; ENTORHINAL CORTEX; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIPPOCAMPUS AB This study evaluated effects of bone morphogenetic protein II (BMP) on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brain of female Fischer 344 rats during 14 days of spaceflight. GFAP mRNA decreased in vehicle-implanted rats flown on the space shuttle by 53 and 48% in the stratum moleculare and stratum lacunosum moleculare hippocampal subregions, respectively. GFAP mRNA was not significantly affected by BMP implantation during spaceflight. Rats returning from space exhibited a 56% increase in serum corticosterone. BMP treatment did not additively increase corticosterone elevations in microgravity but appeared to increase serum corticosterone and reduce GFAP mRNA in the stratum moleculare in control rats. These data suggest that exposure to microgravity reduces GFAP expression in hippocampal astrocytes. C1 Penn State Univ, Erwin Mueller Lab 208, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Day, JR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Erwin Mueller Lab 208, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jrd6@psu.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 72 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 85 IS 2 BP 716 EP 722 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 114CV UT WOS:000075592300044 PM 9688751 ER PT J AU Clark, NC Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR Tenover, FC AF Clark, NC Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR Tenover, FC TI Detection and differentiation of vanC-1, vanC-2, and vanC-3 glycopeptide resistance genes in enterococci SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTIONS; VANCOMYCIN; IDENTIFICATION; CASSELIFLAVUS; FLAVESCENS AB The VanC phenotype, as found in Enterococcus gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, and E.flavescens, is characterized by intrinsic low-level resistance to vancomycin, The nucleotide sequences of the vanC-1 gene in E. gallinarum, the vanC-2 gene in E. casseliflavus, and the vanC-3 gene in E. flavescens have been reported, although there is some disagreement as to whether E. flavescens is a legitimate enterococcal species. Previous attempts to differentiate the vanC-2 and vanC-3 genes by PCR analysis have been unsuccessful. The purpose of the present study was to detect and differentiate the three vanC determinants and examine the distribution of these genes in a collection of both typical and atypical enterococci, The 796-bp vanC-1 PCR product was amplified only from E. gallinarum isolates. As expected, due to the extensive homology in the vanC-2 and vanC-3 gene sequences, all of the E. casseliflavus and E. casseliflavus/flavescens isolates produced the 484-bp vanC-2 PCR product, although the E.gallinarum isolates were negative. Only the E. casseliflavus/flavescens isolates produced the 224-bp vanC-3 product. Using the three sets of primers, we were able to detect and distinguish the vanC-1, vanC-2, and vanC-3 genes from both typical and atypical enterococci strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and analysis of genomic DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were also performed, but the results indicated that they were not able to distinguish among strains possessing the three vanC genotypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Clark, NC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2294 EP 2297 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZZ359 UT WOS:000074721500025 PM 9666008 ER PT J AU Beall, B Facklam, RR Jackson, DM Starling, HH AF Beall, B Facklam, RR Jackson, DM Starling, HH TI Rapid screening for penicillin susceptibility of systemic pneumococcal isolates by restriction enzyme profiling of the pbp2B gene SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI; BINDING PROTEIN-2B; SOUTH-AFRICA AB Restriction digest profiling of pneumococcal pbp2b-specific amplicons was effective for screening penicillin resistance. The pbp2b amplicon of all pneumococcal isolates for which the MICs of penicillin were less than or equal to 0.03 mu g/ml had one of two different susceptible restriction profiles, and all 33 isolates for which MICs were 0.5 mu g/ml of greater had one of seven distinct resistant profiles. Low-concentration penicillin resistance (MICs = 0.06 mu g/ml to 0.25 mu g/ml) was associated with sensitive HaeIII profiles iri some isolates; however, RsaI profiling and pbp2b sequence analysis of such isolates revealed that some isolates contained low-level resistant pbp2b alleles, while others had susceptible pbp2b alleles. This data indicates that low-level penicillin resistance is sometimes conferred by determinants other than pbp2b. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM beb0@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2359 EP 2362 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZZ359 UT WOS:000074721500041 PM 9666024 ER PT J AU Chagla, AH Borczyk, AA Facklam, RR Lovgren, M AF Chagla, AH Borczyk, AA Facklam, RR Lovgren, M TI Breast abscess associated with Helcococcus kunzii SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI AB Helcococcus kunzii, a nonvirulent member of the human skin flora, has recently been implicated in causing infections in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of breast abscess associated with H. kunzii in an immunocompetant patient and discuss the criteria used in its identification and our observations of susceptibility testing for this species. C1 London Publ Hlth Lab, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada. Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chagla, AH (reprint author), London Publ Hlth Lab, POB 5704,Terminal A, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 8 BP 2377 EP 2379 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZZ359 UT WOS:000074721500047 PM 9666030 ER PT J AU Ostchega, Y Long, LR Goh, GH Hirsch, R Ma, LD Scott, WW Johnson, W Thoma, GR AF Ostchega, Y Long, LR Goh, GH Hirsch, R Ma, LD Scott, WW Johnson, W Thoma, GR TI Establishing the level of digitization for wrist and hand radiographs for the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE NHANES III; radiograph; hand; digital resolution ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS AB In the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, radiographs of the hands and knees were taken of participants 60 years and older as part of the study of arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions. The purpose of the study was to decide the digitizing resolution to be used for these radiographs. A set of wrist and hand radiographs (N = 49) was graded by two radiologists for degree of bone erosions and served as a "gold standard." The radiographs were then digitized at three resolution levels; low-resolution 150 mu m (2001 x 1634 x 12 bit matrix); intermediate-resolution 100 mu m (3000 x 2400 x 12 bit matrix); and high-resolution 50 mu m (4900 x 3000 x 12 bit matrix). A comparison of the digital images versus the gold standard reading was made at the three resolutions by two radiologists. Kappa statistics suggested fair (K > .4) to excellent (K > .75) agreement between the gold standard and the images at all levels. Intraclass correlation coefficient suggested high agreement between readers (ICC > .5), with minimal individual reader effect. Variance component estimates showed that the major contribution (78-83%) to scoring came from variability in the images themselves, not from the readers. The 100 mu m resolution was selected over the 150 and 50 mu m on the basis of practical considerations such as storage requirements, display time, and easier manipulation of the digital images by the readers. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Century Comp Inc, Laurel, MD USA. Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Res Methodol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ostchega, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Room 900,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0897-1889 J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD AUG PY 1998 VL 11 IS 3 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 110MP UT WOS:000075385200002 PM 9718501 ER PT J AU Fox, SA Stein, JA Gonzalez, RE Farrenkopf, M Dellinger, A AF Fox, SA Stein, JA Gonzalez, RE Farrenkopf, M Dellinger, A TI A trial to increase mammography utilization among Los Angeles Hispanic women SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE mammography; utilization; Hispanic women; cancer control; churches ID MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; HEALTH-SERVICES; CANCER CONTROL; ETHNIC-GROUPS; PAP SMEAR; BREAST; ATTITUDES; COMMUNITY; CHURCH AB The objective of this program was to increase mammography screening rates among Hispanic women through a series of targeted community-wide interventions. A diverse away of outreach efforts was offered by the program to increase awareness and use of screening mammography. Before the program, 12 percent of the Hispanic women surveyed in the intervention community had been screened, compared with 27 percent after the program. There was no change in screening among Hispanic women in the control community (23 percent before and 24 percent after the program). The program demonstrated that the awareness and behavior of "hard-to-reach" underscreened Hispanic women can be changed through intensive targeted outreach and that a church-based cancer control program can play an effective role in the process. This finding has national health policy implications. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Rand Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Psychol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. ADA, Sect 504, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Fox, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1 RO 1 CA 4.5003]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA 01070] NR 47 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 309 EP 321 PG 13 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 105YH UT WOS:000075102600009 PM 10073211 ER PT J AU Sloan, FA Viscusi, WK Chesson, HW Conover, CJ Whetten-Goldstein, K AF Sloan, FA Viscusi, WK Chesson, HW Conover, CJ Whetten-Goldstein, K TI Alternative approaches to valuing intangible health losses: the evidence for multiple sclerosis SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE benefit valuation; risk assessment ID UNITED-STATES; UTILITIES; OUTCOMES; QUALITY; RISKS; LIFE AB This study uses both risk-risk and risk-dollar approaches to assess intangible health losses associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Using an estimation approach that adjusts for potential perceptional biases that may affect the expressed risk tradeoffs, we estimated parameters of the utility function of persons with and without MS as well as the degree of subjects' overestimation of the probability of obtaining MS. The sample included subjects from the general population and persons with MS. We found that marginal utility of income is lower in the state with MS than without it. However, the difference in marginal utility in the two states was greater for persons without MS than for those with the disease. Persons with MS overestimated the probability of acquiring MS to a greater extent than did persons within MS. Correcting for overestimation of this probability, the value of intangible loss of a statistical case of MS derived from responses of the general population was US$350,000 to US$500,000. Persons with MS were willing to pay somewhat more than this (D80, I18, J17), (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy Law & Management, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Sloan, FA (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Whetten, Kathryn/C-8572-2009; de Lima, Andreia/G-8040-2014 OI Whetten, Kathryn/0000-0002-4841-7695; NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6296 J9 J HEALTH ECON JI J. Health Econ. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 4 BP 475 EP 497 DI 10.1016/S0167-6296(97)00025-8 PG 23 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA ZW580 UT WOS:000074425800003 PM 10180927 ER PT J AU Khanna, B Cutler, A Israel, NR Perry, M Lastovica, A Fields, PI Gold, BD AF Khanna, B Cutler, A Israel, NR Perry, M Lastovica, A Fields, PI Gold, BD TI Use caution with serologic testing for Helicobacter pylori infection in children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Foundation for Gastrointestinal Microbial Pathogens on Developments in Helicobacter Research CY FEB, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, FLORIDA SP Fdn Gastrointestinal Microbial Pathogens ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRITIS; ASSOCIATION; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY; PROTEINS; DISEASE; ULCER; RISK AB Commercial serologic assays accurately detect adult Helicobacter pylori infection. Their use in children remains controversial. An ELISA to detect H, pylori IgG in children was developed and compared with three commercial assays. ELISA standardization was done with sera from all ages and validation was done with another cohort of sera with known H, pylori status. Three commercial serologic assays were subsequently compared against this pediatric ELISA at independent sites, at which 142 pediatric serum samples from different countries were evaluated. The pediatric ELISA was 91.4% sensitive. Assay 3 demonstrated a sensitivity of 78%. Less sensitivity was observed for assay 1 (70%) and assay 2 (63%). Accuracy of commercial assays was greatly reduced when sera from developing countries and younger ages were evaluated. Results of serologic tests used to diagnose H, pylori should be interpreted with caution when evaluating children with abdominal pain. Accurate serologic assays in children may be more important for epidemiologic research than for clinical decision making. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Red Cross Childrens Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol, Cape Town, South Africa. Sinai Hosp, Detroit, MI 48235 USA. RP Gold, BD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, 2040 Ridgewood Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM Ben_Gold@oz.ped.emory.edu NR 37 TC 106 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 178 IS 2 BP 460 EP 465 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 103JA UT WOS:000075153000022 PM 9697727 ER PT J AU Rockwell, RJ Ertle, WJ Moss, CE AF Rockwell, RJ Ertle, WJ Moss, CE TI Safety recommendations for laser pointers SO JOURNAL OF LASER APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laser safety; laser pointers; eye safety AB The use of laser diode pointers that operate in the visible radiation region (400-760 nm) is becoming widespread. These pointers are intended for use by educators while presenting talks in the classroom or at conventions and meetings. They are also useful in any situation where one needs to point out special items during any instructive situation. The pointers can be purchased in novelty stores, mail-order magazines, office supply stores, common electronic stores, and over the internet. The power emitted by these laser painters ranges from I to 5 mW. The potential for hazard with laser pointers is generally considered to be limited to the unprotected eyes of individuals who might be exposed by a direct beam (intrabeam viewing). No skin hazard usually exists. There are, however, even more powerful laser pointers now appearing. The units are imported into the U.S. often without proper manufacturer certification or labeling. The potential for hazards with these devices is not well understood by the general public and workers, and numerous exposure incidents have been recorded by the authors. Users of these products need to be alerted to the potential hazards and be encouraged to follow appropriate safety recommendations. These factors are discussed and safety recommendations for laser pointers are presented. (C) 1998 Laser Institute of America. C1 Rockwell Laser Ind, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Rockwell, RJ (reprint author), Rockwell Laser Ind, 7754 Camargo Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1042-346X J9 J LASER APPL JI J. Laser Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA 110MA UT WOS:000075383900005 PM 10182367 ER PT J AU Papa, A Johnson, AM Stockton, PC Bowen, MD Spiropoulou, CF Alexiou-Daniel, S Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Antoniadis, A AF Papa, A Johnson, AM Stockton, PC Bowen, MD Spiropoulou, CF Alexiou-Daniel, S Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST Antoniadis, A TI Retrospective serological and genetic study of the distribution of hantaviruses in Greece SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hantavirus; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; ELISA; RT-PCR ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PULMONARY SYNDROME; RENAL SYNDROME; DOBRAVA-VIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; BUNYAVIRIDAE; RNA AB A retrospective serological and genetic study of hantaviruses responsible for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Greece during the last 17 years is presented. Fifty-one serum samples taken from 30 HFRS cases previously diagnosed by immunofluorescence assay were tested by ELISA for IgG (Hantaan, Dobrava, and Puumala) and IgM antibodies (Hantaan and Puumala). Results were compatible with the majority of infections being related to hantaviruses carried by rodents of the subfamily Murinae. RNA was extracted from 26 selected samples and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using primers specifically designed for the detection of hantaviruses associated with murine (MS-N-specific, MM-G1-specific primers) or arvicoline rodents (PPT-N-specific primers). In addition, primers previously designed for the detection of the G2 coding region of the Murinae-associated hantaviruses were also used. Sequencing of the PCR products was then performed, followed by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence differences. Eleven out of the 26 serum samples tested were found to be positive by PCR with the MS-N primers, whereas four were positive with the MM-G1 primers, and only two with the G2 primers. None of the samples was found positive with the PPT primers. The sequence analysis showed that the virus that was responsible for these 11 HFRS cases was the Dobrava virus, which is endemic throughout the Balkans. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Aristotelian Univ Salonika, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, GR-54006 Thessalonika, Greece. Aristotelian Univ Salonika, Sch Med, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Arboviruses & H, GR-54006 Thessalonika, Greece. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Papa, A (reprint author), Aristotelian Univ Salonika, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, GR-54006 Thessalonika, Greece. NR 18 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 55 IS 4 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199808)55:4<321::AID-JMV11>3.0.CO;2-H PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZX305 UT WOS:000074502100011 PM 9661842 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Hollingshead, SK Musser, JM Parkinson, AJ Briles, DE Crain, MJ AF Robinson, DA Hollingshead, SK Musser, JM Parkinson, AJ Briles, DE Crain, MJ TI The IS1167 insertion sequence is a phylogenetically informative marker among isolates of serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE insertion sequences; IS1167; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; molecular epidemiology; population genetics; restriction fragment length polymorphism; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID PENICILLIN-RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCI; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTIRESISTANT CLONE; POPULATION-GENETICS; INVERTED REPEATS; B DISEASE; STRAINS; DNA; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The phylogenetic utility of the IS1167 insertion sequence was examined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of a sample of 50, predominantly invasive, capsular serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates previously characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The strains represented a genetically diverse assemblage of 34 distinct clonotypes composed of 26 restriction fragment types and 23 multilocus enzyme types. All isolates carried the IS1167 insertion sequence, with an average of 9.5 copies. The cross-classification of isolates based on RFLP and MLEE typing schemes was 81% concordant. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) association between strains of a given RFLP lineage with those of a given MLEE lineage. A significant correlation (P < 0.00004) was also found between the proportion of restriction fragments shared by any given pair of isolates and their genetic distances estimated from the MLEE data. Parity between the two genetic markers implied that the sampled isolates were in linkage disequilibrium. The existence of nonrandom associations among genetic loci was confirmed by Monte Carlo analyses of the MLEE data. These studies, thus, demonstrated that invasive pneumococcal isolates of a single capsule type recovered on a regional scale can retain a largely clonal population structure over a period of 8 years. The ability to detect linkage disequilibrium and generate relatively congruent dendrograms based on distance and parsimony methods suggested that the restriction fragment data were robust to phylogenetic analysis. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Comparat Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Sect Mol Pathobiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Robinson, DA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI21548, AI33119]; WHI NIH HHS [WHOV23/181/47] NR 39 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 47 IS 2 BP 222 EP 229 DI 10.1007/PL00006379 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 106YE UT WOS:000075178400014 PM 9694671 ER PT J AU Katona-Apte, J Mokdad, A AF Katona-Apte, J Mokdad, A TI Malnutrition of children in the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE malnutrition; famine; child development; anthropometry; North Korea AB Natural disasters have caused extensive damage to crops and to infrastructure in the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea (DPRK). The international community has responded by providing emergency food aid. To improve understanding of the magnitude of food deficiency in the DPRK. The World Food Programme (WFP) conducted a nutritional assessment survey in August 1997. The survey measured the height and weight of a total of 3984 children <7 y of age in 40 government-selected institutions. Additional information was obtained on institutional access to food and on the care, treatment and parental support of a subsample of severely malnourished and nonmalnourished children. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting), based on weight-for-height Z-score < -2, varied from 0 to 32.7% among institutions, and the prevalence of chronic malnutrition (stunting), based on height-for-age < -2 Z-score varied from 0.6 to 74.1%. The findings from this survey indicate the presence of areas with severe acute or chronic malnutrition in the DPRK. C1 UN, World Food Programme, Rome, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Dept Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katona-Apte, J (reprint author), UN, World Food Programme, Rome, Italy. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 128 IS 8 BP 1315 EP 1319 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 110DB UT WOS:000075363900012 PM 9687550 ER PT J AU Henderson, AK Payne, MM Ossiander, E Evans, CG Kaufman, JD AF Henderson, AK Payne, MM Ossiander, E Evans, CG Kaufman, JD TI Surveillance of occupational diseases in the United States - A survey of activities and determinants of success SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Managers of state-based occupational disease surveillance programs were interviewed for information on their program's characteristics and factors that contributed to their success. There were 68 programs in 52 jurisdictions (50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City). Reportable conditions ranged from a specific disease to "all occupational diseases." Of these programs, 56% met at least one of their objectives, Conditions associated with successful programs usually had short latency periods, were easily diagnosed and were related to a workplace hazard. They included agricultural injuries, burns, respiratory diseases, cumulative trauma disorders, and poisonings due to lead pesticides, or carbon monoxide. Successful programs had larger budgets and more staff than did unsuccessful programs, and also took actions after notification of a condition. C1 Washington State Dept Labor & Ind, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. SW Washington Hlth Dist, Vancouver, WA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. PTI Environm Serv, Bellevue, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Henderson, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008 OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 40 IS 8 BP 714 EP 719 DI 10.1097/00043764-199808000-00009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 112CT UT WOS:000075477100011 PM 9729755 ER PT J AU Washko, R Robinson, E Fehrs, LJ Frieden, TR AF Washko, R Robinson, E Fehrs, LJ Frieden, TR TI Tuberculosis transmission in a high school choir SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Clin Invest Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Serv, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Washko, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Clin Invest Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,Room H-009, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM RMW8@CDC.GOV NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 1998 VL 68 IS 6 BP 256 EP 259 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111CR UT WOS:000075420200007 PM 9720000 ER PT J AU Daley, WR Kaczmarek, RG AF Daley, WR Kaczmarek, RG TI The epidemiology of cardiac pacemakers in the older US population SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVES: This study estimates the age distribution of older patients (>64 years) receiving implantable cardiac pacemakers in non-federal US hospitals and determines major characteristics of this group using a massive, nationally representative sample of inpatient discharge records. DESIGN: Discharge records were obtained from the 1992 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Correlation with census data from 1992 was used to determine age and gender specific rates. SETTING: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample is a 20% stratified probability sample of non-federal US hospitals. PATIENTS: Records of all recipients (26,425) of an initial or replacement pacemaker were selected. RESULTS: Individuals 65 years of age and older received an estimated 131,361 initial and replacement pacemaker pulse generators (87% of the total) in non-federal US hospitals in 1992. Pacemaker implantation was performed in urban teaching hospitals (28.9%), non-teaching urban hospitals (57.8%), and rural hospitals (13.3%). The age specific implantation rates per 100,000 population were 226.5 (age 65-74 years), 585.9 (age 75-84 years), 874.9 (age 85-94 years), and 540.4 (more than 94 years). The age-adjusted rate for men was 70% greater than the corresponding rate for women. Major diagnoses of implant recipients included atrioventricular block (37.8%) and atrial fibrillation (28.5%). Two percent of pacemaker recipients died before discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of pacemaker implantation increases sharply up to age 95. As the number of older people in the US population grows, particularly those in the age ranges greater than 75 and 85 years, a sharply increased number of pacemakers will be implanted unless other factors decrease the need for these devices. The data also demonstrate diffusion of this technology from academic centers. C1 US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Surveillance & Biometr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Daley, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, EHHE,HSB, Mailstop F-46,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1016 EP 1019 PG 4 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 107WB UT WOS:000075233000015 PM 9706894 ER PT J AU Sanchez, A Yang, ZY Xu, L Nabel, GJ Crews, T Peters, CJ AF Sanchez, A Yang, ZY Xu, L Nabel, GJ Crews, T Peters, CJ TI Biochemical analysis of the secreted and virion glycoproteins of Ebola virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARBURG VIRUS; PROTEINS AB The glycoproteins expressed by a Zaire species of Ebola virus were analyzed for cleavage, oligomerization, and other structural properties to better define their functions. The 50- to 70-kDa secreted and 150-kDa virion/structural glycoproteins (SGP and GP, respectively), which share the 295 N-terminal residues, are cleaved near the N terminus by signalase, A second cleavage event, occurring in GP at a multibasic site (RRTRR down arrow) that is likely mediated by furin, results in two glycoproteins (GP1 and GP2) linked by disulfide bonding. This furin cleavage site is present in the same position in the GPs of all Ebola viruses (R[R/K]X[R/K]R down arrow), and one is predicted for Marburg viruses (R[R/K]KR down arrow), although in a different location. Based on the results of cross-linking studies, we were able to determine that Ebola virion peplomers are composed of trimers of GP1-GP2 heterodimers and that aspects of their structure are similar to those of retroviruses, paramyxoviruses, and influenza viruses. We also determined that SGP is secreted from infected cells almost exclusively in the form of a homodimer that is joined by disulfide bonding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Sanchez, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Bldg 15,Room SB611,Mail Stop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ans1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 72 IS 8 BP 6442 EP 6447 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZZ446 UT WOS:000074730200022 PM 9658086 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Perdue, ML Cox, N Rowe, T Bender, C Huang, J Swayne, DE AF Suarez, DL Perdue, ML Cox, N Rowe, T Bender, C Huang, J Swayne, DE TI Comparisons of highly virulent H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated from humans and chickens from Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY; REASSORTANT VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; DUCK-ORIGIN; H7 SUBTYPE; PIGS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; SWINE AB Genes of an influenza A (H5N1) virus from a human in Hong Kong isolated in May 1997 were sequenced and found to be all avian-like (K. Subbarao et al., Science 279:393-395, 1998). Gene sequences of this human isolate were compared to those of a highly pathogenic chicken H5N1 influenza virus isolated from Hong Kong in April 1997. Sequence comparisons of all eight RNA segments from the two viruses show greater than 99% sequence identity between them. However, neither isolate's gene sequence was closely (>95% sequence identity) related to any other gene sequences found in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the nucleotide sequences of at least four of the eight RNA segments clustered with Eurasian origin avian influenza viruses. The hemagglutinin gene phylogenetic analysis also included the sequences from an additional three human and two chicken H5N1 virus isolates from Hong Kong, and the isolates separated into two closely related groups. However, no single amino acid change separated the chicken origin and human origin isolates, but they all contained multiple basic amino acids at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, which is associated with a highly pathogenic phenotype in poultry. In experimental intravenous inoculation studies with chickens, all seven viruses were highly pathogenic, killing most birds within 24 h.All infected chickens had virtually identical pathologic lesions, including moderate to severe diffuse edema and interstitial pneumonitis. Viral nucleoprotein was most frequently demonstrated in vascular endothelium, macrophages, heterophils, and cardiac myocytes. Asphyxiation from pulmonary edema and generalized cardiovascular collapse were the most likely pathogenic mechanisms responsible for illness and death. In summary, a small number of changes in hemagglutinin gene sequences defined two closely related subgroups, with both subgroups having human and chicken members, among the seven viruses examined from Hong Kong, and all seven viruses were highly pathogenic in chickens and caused similar lesions in experimental inoculations. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 51 TC 249 Z9 290 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 72 IS 8 BP 6678 EP 6688 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZZ446 UT WOS:000074730200051 PM 9658115 ER PT J AU Boiron, P Locci, R Goodfellow, M Gumaa, SA Isik, K Kim, B McNeil, MM Salinas-Carmona, MC Shojaei, H AF Boiron, P Locci, R Goodfellow, M Gumaa, SA Isik, K Kim, B McNeil, MM Salinas-Carmona, MC Shojaei, H TI Nocardia, nocardiosis and mycetoma SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL PARMA, ITALY SP Int Soc Human & Anim Mycol DE Nocardia; Actinomadura; actino mycetoma; eumycetoma ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; ASTEROIDES COMPLEX; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS; CLINICAL CORRELATION; FARCINICA INFECTION; VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; BRASILIENSIS AB The recent emergence of invasive infections due to Nocardia spp., including nosocomial outbreak, is now evident. Newer molecular diagnostic and typing methods are developed. Although sulfonamide-based therapy is generally effective, optimal treatment may be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates. The improved classification of nocardiae and other related genera such as actinomadurae, using the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, provide a sound basis for improved diagnostic methods for the identification of members of clinically significant species. The commonest cause of eumycetoma in Sudan is Madurella mycetomatis, and Streptomyces somaliensis and Actinomadura madurae for actinomycetoma. The humoral immunity response in actinomycetoma patients and in experimental mice was measured and significant titre of anti-P24 antibody was demonstrated. C1 Inst Pasteur, Unite Mycol, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Biol Difesa Piante, Area Rizzi, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. Univ Khartoum, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Khartoum, Sudan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Sect, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Med, Dept Inmunol, Monterrey 64000, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Boiron, P (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unite Mycol, 25 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. EM pboironb@pasteur.fr NR 93 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 SU 1 BP 26 EP 37 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 115LG UT WOS:000075665900003 PM 9988489 ER PT J AU Lasker, BA Smith, GW Kobayashi, GS Whitney, AM Mayer, LW AF Lasker, BA Smith, GW Kobayashi, GS Whitney, AM Mayer, LW TI Characterization of a single group I intron in the 18S rRNA gene of the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genome; group I intron sequence; Histoplasma capsulatum AB A 425-bp insertion in Histoplasma capsulatum strain G186B, denoted as Hc.SSU.1, was identified as a group I intron, based on the presence of the conserved sequence elements P, Q, R and S and a predicted secondary structure consistent for group I introns. The Hc.SSU.1 sequence from strain G186B was identical to strain G184B but differed from strain FLs1 by five nucleotides. Hc.SSU.1 was most similar to the group I intron from the black mould Exophiala castellanii. Southern blot analysis suggests that the intron is not dispersed in the genome and that most, if not all 18S rRNA genes harbour the intron. Northern blots demonstrated absence of the intron from mature 18S rRNA. A Hc.SSU.1-specific PCR assay detected the intron in six of 37 isolates of Histoplasma. Hc.SSU.1-containing strains exhibited no significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibilities when compared to isolates not containing Hc.SSU.1. This investigation demonstrates the existence of group I intron sequences in the H. capsulatum genome and its evolutionary relationship among other group I intron sequences. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Lasker, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BAL3@CDC.GOV NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1080/02681219880000311 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 112LA UT WOS:000075495100003 PM 9776836 ER PT J AU Reiss, E Tanaka, K Bruker, G Chazalet, V Coleman, D Debeaupuis, JP Hanazawa, R Latge, JP Lortholary, J Makimura, K Morrison, CJ Murayama, SY Naoe, S Paris, S Sarfati, J Shibuya, K Sullivan, D Uchida, K Yamaguchi, H AF Reiss, E Tanaka, K Bruker, G Chazalet, V Coleman, D Debeaupuis, JP Hanazawa, R Latge, JP Lortholary, J Makimura, K Morrison, CJ Murayama, SY Naoe, S Paris, S Sarfati, J Shibuya, K Sullivan, D Uchida, K Yamaguchi, H TI Molecular diagnosis and epidemiology of fungal infections SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL PARMA, ITALY SP Int Soc Human & Anim Mycol DE molecular; epidemiology; diagnostics; PCR; candidiasis; aspergillosis ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; REPETITIVE SEQUENCE; ORAL CANDIDA; DNA; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB A variety of methods are utilized for DNA strain subtyping of Candida spp. because no 'gold standard' exists. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) or restriction enzyme analysis (REA) are useful to determine the source of an outbreak, but more reproducible and discriminatory methods such as Southern hybridization and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) may be required. When applied to some nocosomial Candida infections, multiple strains and species have been identified. Microevolution of yeast species occurs and epidemiologically related isolates may show minor pattern differences, creating uncertainty as to whether they are distinct strains. Approximately 1000 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from environmental and clinical sources were typed by REA probed with an A. fumigatus-specific retrotransposon-like sequence. Patients with no symptom of aspergillosis may carry several strains, whereas patients with pulmonary aspergillosis may carry one or two strains; nocosomial transmission of aspergillosis was proven in 39% of the patients studied; any given environmental strain can be infectious; the environmental population of A. fumigatus is extremely diverse and no specific niche was found in the hospital. A PCR assay was designed to target conserved 18S-ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences shared by most fungi and a 687 bp product was amplified from 25 medically important fun gal species. Studies with blood, cerebrospinal fluid and sputum specimens from patients with mycoses indicated that the PCR assay is more sensitive in diagnosing invasive fungal infections than blood culture methods. More specific identification is obtainable with genus/species-specific probes designed from within the PCR-amplified sequences for C, albicans, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus/Penicillium spp. and C. glabrata/Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A. fumigatus and A. niger were differentiated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. In situ hybridization (ISH) detected a 648 bp fragment of the 18S rDNA of C. neoformans and a 568 bp fragment of the alkaline proteinase gene of A. fumigatus in tissues from experimentally infected animals. In ISH, the entire process can be automated, making this procedure rapid and easy The difficulty in establishing a diagnosis of invasive candidiasis has prompted the quest for a clinically useful PCR test for candidaemia. The universal fungal oligonucleotide primer pair, ITS3 and ITS4, amplifies portions of the 5.8S ad 28S rDNA subunits, and the ITS2 region. Although rRNA genes are highly conserved, the ITS regions are distinctive. DNA probes were designed from ITS2 that were specific for 16 different Candida species. Simple, rapid sample preparation was suitable for PCR analysis of BacT/Alert blood culture bottles. Sample preparation, PCR, and EIA detection of the amplicon from five different Candida species was accomplished in 7 h, 2.5 days sooner than by conventional culture methods. As well as saving time, minor yeast species among a major species, or among bacteria, were simultaneously detected. PCR-EIA using a microtitration plate format had sensitivity 10-times greater than that obtained with ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. Taqman combines in one step PCR, probe hybridization, and fluorescent signal generation. Taqman PCR had sensitivity equivalent to PCR-EIA and required only 5 h, including sample preparation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nagoya Univ, Sch Med, Med Mycol Lab, Dis Mechanism & Control Res Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 466, Japan. Direct Prospect & Assistance Publ, Direct Rech Clin, Paris, France. Inst Pasteur, Lab Aspergillus, Paris, France. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Oral Med & Pathol, Dublin Dent Sch & Hosp, Dublin 2, Ireland. Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Bacteriol, Kaga, Japan. Teikyo Univ, Sch Med, Inst Med Mycol, Kaga, Japan. Toho Univ, Ohashi Hosp, Res Lab Pathol, Tokyo, Japan. RP Reiss, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM err2@cdc.gov RI latge, jean paul/F-3581-2011; Debeaupuis, Jean-Paul/A-2035-2012; Latge, Jean Paul/C-9846-2014; Coleman, David/C-2008-2009; OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-1797-2888; Sullivan, Derek/0000-0003-0195-9697 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 SU 1 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 115LG UT WOS:000075665900028 PM 9988514 ER PT J AU Padhye, AA Bennett, JE McGinnis, MR Sigler, L Flis, A Salkin, IF AF Padhye, AA Bennett, JE McGinnis, MR Sigler, L Flis, A Salkin, IF TI Biosafety considerations in handling medically important fungi SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIVth Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL PARMA, ITALY SP Int Soc Human & Anim Mycol DE biosafety principles; medically important fungi; fungal waste disposal; mailing of pathogenic fungi ID LABORATORY-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS AB Over 500,000 workers in the USA alone are employed in laboratories that range from small physician offices to large clinical laboratories handling microbes for comprehensive research and/or diagnostic work. These workers are exposed to a variety of potential occupational health risks such as exposure to infectious clinical materials, environmental specimens, cultures, complex and inflammable chemicals, radiation, and electrical and mechanical hazards. As members of the International Society for human and Animal Mycology, we have no policy statement on biosafety standards for handling medically important fungi. The intent of the symposium is to cover some of the important aspects of biosafety. (1). standards in handling dimorphic fungal pathogenic; (2) the principles and criteria of biosafety levels and classification of known medically important fungi, aerobic actinomycetes, environmental fungi according to their biosafety levels; (3) medically important fungal waste and its safe disposal; and (4) biosafety and regulatory considerations in handling and mailing medically important fungi in a culture collection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, Clin Mycol Sect, Clin Invest Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Med Mycol Res Ctr, Ctr Trop Dis,Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Univ Alberta, Microfungus Collect & Herbarium, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Wadsworth Ctr, New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 SU 1 BP 258 EP 265 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 115LG UT WOS:000075665900029 PM 9988515 ER PT J AU Powell, KE Heath, GW Kresnow, MJ Sacks, JJ Branche, CM AF Powell, KE Heath, GW Kresnow, MJ Sacks, JJ Branche, CM TI Injury rates from walking, gardening, weightlifting, outdoor bicycling, and aerobics SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE injury rates; physical activity ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXERCISE; TIME AB Purpose: The objective of this survey was to estimate the frequency of injuries associated with five commonly performed moderately intense activities: walking for exercise, gardening and yard work, weightlifting, aerobic dance, and outdoor bicycling. Methods: National estimates were derived from weighted responses of over 5,000 individuals contacted between April 28 and September 18, 1994, via random-digit dialing of U.S. residential telephone numbers. Self-reported participation in these five activities in the late spring and summer of 1994 was common, ranging from an estimated 14.5 +/- 1.2% of the population for aerobics (nearly 30 million people) to 73.0 +/- 1.5% for walking (about 138 million people). Results: Among participants, the activity-specific 30-d prevalence of injury ranged from 0.9 +/- 0.5% for outdoor bicycle riding to 2.4 +/- 1.3% for weightlifting. The estimated number of people injured in the 30 d before their interview ranged from 330,000 for outdoor bicycle riding to 2.1 million for gardening or yard work. Incidence rates for injuries causing reduced participation in activity were 1.1 +/- 0.5 . 100 participants 30 d for walking, 1.1 +/- 0.4 for gardening, and 3.3 +/- 1.9 for weightlifting. During walking and gardening, men and women were equally likely to be injured, but younger people (18-44 yr) were more likely to be injured than older people (45 + yr). Injury rates were low, yet large numbers of people were injured because participation rates were high. Most injuries were minor, but injuries may reduce participation in these otherwise beneficial activities. Conclusions: Additional studies to confirm the magnitude of the problem, to identify modifiable risk factors, and to recommend methods to reduce the frequency of such injuries are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Powell, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K-60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KEP1@CDC.GOV NR 15 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1246 EP 1249 DI 10.1097/00005768-199808000-00010 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 108HK UT WOS:000075260100010 PM 9710864 ER PT J AU Lodmell, DL Ray, NB Parnell, MJ Ewalt, LC Hanlon, CA Shaddock, JH Sanderlin, DS Rupprecht, CE AF Lodmell, DL Ray, NB Parnell, MJ Ewalt, LC Hanlon, CA Shaddock, JH Sanderlin, DS Rupprecht, CE TI DNA immunization protects nonhuman primates against rabies virus SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINE; DISEASE; CELLS AB More than 40,000 people die annually from rabies worldwide(1). Most of these fatalities occur in developing countries, where rabies is endemic, public health resources are inadequate and there is limited access to preventive treatment(2). Because of the high cost of vaccines derived from cell culture, many countries still use vaccines produced in sheep, goat or suckling mouse brain(3). The stability and low cost for mass production of DNA vaccines would make them ideal for use in developing countries(4). To investigate the potential of DNA vaccines for rabies immunization in humans, we vaccinated Macaca fascicularis (Cynomolgus) monkeys with DNA encoding the glycoprotein of the challenge virus standard rabies virus, or with a human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV). The monkeys then were challenged with a non-passaged rabies virus. DNA or HDCV vaccination elicited comparable primary and anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses. All ten vaccinated monkeys (DNA or HDCV) survived a rabies virus challenge, whereas monkeys vaccinated with only the DNA vector developed rabies. Furthermore, serum samples from DNA- or HDCV-vaccinated monkeys neutralized a global spectrum of rabies virus variants in vitro. This study shows that DNA immunization elicits protective immunity in nonhuman primates against lethal challenge with a human viral pathogen of the central nervous system. Our findings indicate that DNA vaccines may have a promising future in human rabies immunization. C1 NIAID, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zooneses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lodmell, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Rocky Mt Labs, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 23 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 4 IS 8 BP 949 EP 952 DI 10.1038/nm0898-949 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 106AK UT WOS:000075107400040 PM 9701249 ER PT J AU Sheikh, KA Nachamkin, I Ho, TW Willison, HJ Veitch, J Ung, H Nicholson, M Li, CY Wu, HS Shen, BQ Cornblath, DR Asbury, AK McKhann, GM Griffin, JW AF Sheikh, KA Nachamkin, I Ho, TW Willison, HJ Veitch, J Ung, H Nicholson, M Li, CY Wu, HS Shen, BQ Cornblath, DR Asbury, AK McKhann, GM Griffin, JW TI Campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides in Guillain-Barre syndrome - Molecular mimicry and host susceptibility SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOTOR AXONAL NEUROPATHY; MILLER-FISHER-SYNDROME; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPE; GANGLIOSIDES; ASSOCIATION; STRAINS; ANTIGEN AB Objective: This study was designed to determine if the presence of specific ganglioside-like moieties in Campylobacter lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) is related to the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and to discover how frequently such moieties, including GM1, are present in these LPSs. Methods: We studied Campylobacter isolates and sera from seven patients with GBS (five acute motor axonal neuropathy, one acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and one Fisher's syndrome), and compared them with similar specimens from patients with Campylobacter enteritis alone. Results: All GBS patients had antiganglioside antibodies. Anti-GM1 and anti-GD1a titers were significantly elevated in post-Campylobacter GBS, both axonal and demyelinating, compared with normal control subjects or those with uncomplicated Campylobacter diarrhea. Campylobacter isolated from patients with GBS and with enteritis alone had similar ganglioside-like moieties. Conclusions: These results indicate that patients who develop GBS respond differently to the ganglioside-like epitopes on Campylobacter than do non-GBS diarrhea patients. Our findings support a role for host susceptibility as a determinant for the outcome following Campylobacter infection. These findings have important implications for the development of vaccines against Campylobacter jejuni. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Zanvyl Krieger Mind Brain Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Glasgow, Inst Neurol Sci, Dept Neurol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Second Teaching Hosp, Hebei Med Sch, Dept Neurol, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China. Beijing Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Beijing, Peoples R China. Beijing Med Univ, Teaching Hosp 1, Dept Infect Dis, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Sheikh, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RI Ho, Tony/F-1019-2011 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS-31528, NS-34846] NR 41 TC 81 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD AUG PY 1998 VL 51 IS 2 BP 371 EP 378 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 110NN UT WOS:000075387400013 PM 9710005 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Luman, ET Floyd, RL Murphy, CC Bennett, EM Boyle, CA AF Ebrahim, SH Luman, ET Floyd, RL Murphy, CC Bennett, EM Boyle, CA TI Alcohol consumption by pregnant women in the United States during 1988-1995 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING; HEALTH AB Objective: To examine trends in alcohol use among pregnant women in the United States and to characterize pregnant women who use alcohol, with an emphasis on frequent use (at least five drinks per occasion or at least seven drinks per week). Methods: We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 1988 through 1995 to obtain the percentage of pregnant women who used alcohol. We used multiple logistic models to identify subgroups of pregnant women who are at increased risk for alcohol use. Results: Overall, 14.6% (869 of 5983) of pregnant women consumed alcohol and 2.1% (133 of 5983) consumed alcohol frequently. Among pregnant women, alcohol use decreased from 22.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.8, 23.9) in 1988 to 9.5% (95% CI 7.9, 11.8) in 1992 and then increased to 15.3% (95% CI 13.1, 17.2) by 1995. Among pregnant women, frequent alcohol use decreased from 3.9% (95% CI 2.4, 5.2) in 1988 to 0.9% (95% CI 0.4, 1.6) in 1991 and then increased to 3.5% (95% CI 2.0, 5.1) by 1995. Pregnant women who were at high risk for alcohol use were college educated, unmarried, employed, or students, had annual household incomes of more than $50,000, or were smokers. Pregnant women who were at high risk for frequent alcohol use were more likely to be unmarried, or smokers. Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women calls for increased ascertainment of alcohol use among preconceptional and pregnant women. Brief interventions by clinicians, increased referral to alcohol treatment programs, and increased use of contraception by women of reproductive age who are problem drinkers should be considered as means of preventing alcohol-exposed pregnancies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FAS Prevent Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FAS Prevent Sect, Mailstop F-15,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 92 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00205-1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 104YP UT WOS:000075044800007 PM 9699749 ER PT J AU Stokes, L Letz, R Gerr, F Kolczak, M McNeill, FE Chettle, DR Kaye, WE AF Stokes, L Letz, R Gerr, F Kolczak, M McNeill, FE Chettle, DR Kaye, WE TI Neurotoxicity in young adults 20 years after childhood exposure to lead: the Bunker Hill experience SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neurological; neurophysiological; x ray fluorescence; lead; epidemiology ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; IN-VIVO MEASUREMENTS; BONE LEAD; BLOOD LEAD; NERVE-CONDUCTION; SMELTER WORKERS; PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; DENTIN; DETERMINANTS AB Objectives-An epidemiological study of young adults was conducted to determine whether environmental exposure to lead during childhood was associated with current adverse neurobehavioural effects. Methods-The exposed group consisted of 281 young adults who had been exposed environmentally to lead as children and the unexposed referent group consisted of 287 age and sex frequency matched subjects. Information on demographics, past and current health, and past exposures to neurotoxicants, and responses to the Swedish Q16 questionnaire were collected by interview. Standard neurobehavioural and neurophysiological tests were administered by computer or trained technicians. K x ray fluorescence was used to estimate tibial bone lead concentrations among the exposed and unexposed groups. Associations were examined between the exposed group and referents and tibial bone lead concentration and the neurobehavioural and neurophysiological outcomes of interest. Results-Among the measures of peripheral nerve function, after controlling for confounders, sural sensory nerve evoked response amplitude, peroneal motor nerve compound motor action potential amplitude, vibrotactile thresholds of fingers and toes, and standing steadiness were significantly associated with exposure group. Among the neurobehavioural tests, hand-eye coordination, simple reaction time latency, trails B latency, symbol digit latency, serial digit, and learning error score were also significantly associated with exposure group after controlling for confounders. Exposed subjects had significantly more neuropsychiatric symptoms than the referents. Associations between tibial bone lead concentration and scores for vocabulary, vibrotactile thresholds of the fingers, and vibrotactile thresholds of the toes approached significance. Conclusions-Significant adverse central and peripheral neurological effects were found in a group of young adults 20 years after childhood environmental exposure to lead when compared with non-exposed controls. The absence of a significant association between neurological outcomes and tibial bone lead concentration, and the presence of significant associations between neurological outcomes and exposure group may be due to either the magnitude of measurement uncertainty in K Lt. ray films relative to the actual tibial bone lead concentration in these young non-occupationally exposed subjects, or uncontrolled confounding of the exposure group. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Stokes, L (reprint author), CDC, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 55 IS 8 BP 507 EP 516 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 103VZ UT WOS:000074979700001 PM 9849536 ER PT J AU Burr, WE Brown, MF Eberhard, ML AF Burr, WE Brown, MF Eberhard, ML TI Zoonotic Onchocerca (Nematoda : Filarioidea) in the cornea of a Colorado resident SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVICALIS AB Objective: A female patient, resident in the state of Colorado, presented with iritis of the right eye. Slit-lamp examination showed the presence of a thin, threadlike worm entwined in the cornea. The patient was taken to surgery for removal of the parasite. Design: A case report. Intervention: A 3-mm-long supertemporal incision was made in the cornea and further dissected until the worm could be grasped and removed by gentle traction. Results: The worm, a filarial nematode, was identified as a member of the genus Onchocerca, most likely Onchocerca cervicalis, a natural parasite of horses. The patient had an uneventful recovery, and 1 week after surgery, her visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and corneal edema were all resolving. Conclusion: In the United States and elsewhere, most cases of zoonotic filarial infection involving the eye are caused by Dirofilaria or Dipetalonema-like worms. However, the current case was caused by a species of Onchocerca. This is the first case of zoonotic Onchocerca from the eye to be reported, only the second case of zoonotic Onchocerca in the United States, and the seventh case worldwide. The worm was removed surgically, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F13, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Harvey & Bernice Jones Eye Inst, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F13, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD AUG PY 1998 VL 105 IS 8 BP 1494 EP 1497 DI 10.1016/S0161-6420(98)98035-6 PG 4 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 107VK UT WOS:000075231500036 PM 9709764 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Walker, M Carson, L Arduino, M Aguero, SM Gomez, P McNeil, P Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Walker, M Carson, L Arduino, M Aguero, SM Gomez, P McNeil, P Jarvis, WR TI Outbreak of Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infections in a nursery associated with contaminated aerosols and air conditioners SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Acinetobacter spp.; bacteremia; nursery; airborne ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; CALCOACETICUS BIOVAR ANITRATUS; RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEPTICEMIA AB Background. Acinetobacter spp. are multidrug-resistant bacteria that grow well in water and cause infections with unexplained, increased summer prevalence. In August, 1996, eight infants acquired Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infection (A-BSI) while in a nursery in the Bahamas; three infants died and an investigation was initiated. Methods. A case patient was defined as any newborn in the nursery during August 6 to 13, 1996, with A-BSI. To identify risk factors for A-BSI we conducted a retrospective cohort study and performed environmental cultures and air sampling using settle plates. The genetic relatedness of environmental isolates was assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Results. Of 33 patients in the nursery 8 (24%) met the case definition. Patients with peripheral iv catheters were more likely to develop A-BSI (8 of 21 vs. 0 of 10, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis among patients with iv catheters indicated that only exposure to one nurse was an independent risk factor for developing A-BSI (P < 0.005). Nursery settle plates were more likely to grow Acinetobacter spp. than were settle plates from other hospital areas (8 of 9 vs. 0 of 5, P < 0.005); cultures from nursery air conditioners also grew Acinetobacter spp. Environmental isolates were genetically diverse. After installation of a new air conditioner in May, 1995, A-BSIs occurred more frequently during months of increased absolute humidity or environmental dew point. Conclusions. Acinetobacter spp. may cause nosocomial BSI and death among infants during periods of polyclonal airborne dissemination; breaks in aseptic technique during: iv medication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Nassau, Bahamas. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wrj1@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 30 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 8 BP 716 EP 722 DI 10.1097/00006454-199808000-00011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 112FB UT WOS:000075482500011 PM 9726347 ER PT J AU Guerrero, ML Noel, JS Mitchell, DK Calva, JJ Morrow, AL Martinez, J Rosales, G Velazquez, FR Monroe, SS Glass, RI Pickering, LK Ruiz-Palacios, GM AF Guerrero, ML Noel, JS Mitchell, DK Calva, JJ Morrow, AL Martinez, J Rosales, G Velazquez, FR Monroe, SS Glass, RI Pickering, LK Ruiz-Palacios, GM TI A prospective study of astrovirus diarrhea of infancy in Mexico City SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 64th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-Research CY MAY 05-11, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Soc Pediat Res DE Astrovirus; infant diarrhea; viral gastroenteritis ID GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTIONS; PROTECTION; SEROTYPES; OUTBREAK; CENTERS; JAPAN AB Aim. To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of astrovirus-associated diarrhea in a cohort of young children from a periurban community in Mexico City. Methods. From November, 1988, through December, 1991, a total of 214 children were enrolled in a longitudinal study of diarrhea and monitored from birth to 18 months of age. A stool specimen was collected during each episode of diarrhea, Specimens from a total of 510 diarrhea episodes were tested for astrovirus by enzyme immunoassay and examined for other enteric pathogens. The antigenic types of astrovirus were determined by a typing enzyme immunoassay, Results. Astrovirus was detected in 26 (5%) of 510 diarrhea episodes, with an incidence rate of 0.1 episode/child year; the highest rate was in children 13 to 18 months of age. Astrovirus-associated diarrhea was characterized by a median of 4 stools (range, 2 to 10) during the first 24 h, a median duration of 3 days (range, 1 to 21), vomiting (20%), and fever (7%). No cases of dehydration or repeat symptomatic infections were observed, Coinfection with another pathogen was detected in 11 of the 26 episodes (42%). Serotype 2 (35%) was most common, followed by serotypes 4 (15%), 3 (11%), and 1 and 5 (4% each); 31% were nontypable. Astrovirus-associated diarrhea was less severe, as measured by the number of stools (4.3 +/- 1.9), than diarrhea caused by rotavirus (7.1 +/- 2.8) or when coinfections occurred (5.5 +/- 1.6; P = 0.008). Conclusions, Astrovirus was associated with 5% of the episodes of diarrhea in this cohort of young Mexican children and presented as a mild secretory diarrhea, Five predominant antigenic types were detected with type 2 being the most common. C1 Natl Inst Nutr, Dept Infect Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Ruiz-Palacios, GM (reprint author), Ist Nacl Nutr, Dept Infectol, Vasco Quiroga 15, Tlalpan 14000, DF, Mexico. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NICHD NIH HHS [NIH-NICHHD13021] NR 25 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 8 BP 723 EP 727 DI 10.1097/00006454-199808000-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 112FB UT WOS:000075482500012 PM 9726348 ER PT J AU Lemons, JA Blackmon, LR Fanaroff, AA MacDonald, HM Miller, CA Papile, LA Rosenfeld, W Shoemaker, CT Speer, ME AF Lemons, JA Blackmon, LR Fanaroff, AA MacDonald, HM Miller, CA Papile, LA Rosenfeld, W Shoemaker, CT Speer, ME CA Comm Fetus Newborn TI Hospital discharge of the high-risk neonate - Proposed guidelines SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; HOME OXYGEN-THERAPY; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; PRETERM INFANTS; BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA; CHILD-ABUSE; FOLLOW-UP; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; TERM NEONATE; HEALTH AB This policy statement is the first formal statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics on the issue of hospital discharge of the high-risk neonate. It has been developed, to the extent possible, on the basis of published, scientifically derived information. Four categories of high risk are identified: 1) the preterm infant, 2) the infant who requires technological support, 3) the infant primarily at risk because of family issues, and 4) the infant whose irreversible condition will result in an early death. The unique home care issues for each are reviewed within a common framework. Recommendations are given for four areas of readiness for hospital discharge: infant, home care planning, family and home environment, and the community and health care system. The need for individualized planning and physician judgment is emphasized. C1 Amer Nurses Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Assoc Womens Hlth Obstet & Neonatal Nurses, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 101 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JH UT WOS:000075125800024 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM McCarver, DG Notterman, DA Ward, RM Weismann, DN Wilson, GS Wilson, JT AF Berlin, CM McCarver, DG Notterman, DA Ward, RM Weismann, DN Wilson, GS Wilson, JT CA Comm Drugs TI Prevention of medication errors in the pediatric inpatient setting SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE DRUG EVENTS AB Medication errors that occur on a pediatric medical/surgical inpatient care unit are usually avoidable. Several steps are recommended to reduce these errors, beginning with the physician and including every member of the health care team. Pediatricians should help hospitals develop effective programs for safely providing treatment with medications to hospitalized children. C1 Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC USA. Pharmaceut Res & Manufacturers Assoc Amer, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Canadian Paediat Soc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Amer Acad Child & Adolescent Psychiat, Washington, DC USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Amer Acad Family Phys, Kansas City, MO USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Joint Commis Accreditat Healthcare Org, Chicago, IL USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 BP 428 EP 430 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JH UT WOS:000075125800026 ER PT J CA Comm Children Disabilities TI Auditory integration training and facilitated communication for autism SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CONTROVERSIAL THERAPIES; CHILDREN AB This statement reviews the basis for two new therapies for autism-auditory integration training and facilitative communication. Both therapies seek to improve communication skills. Currently available information does not support the claims of proponents that these treatments are efficacious. Their use does not appear warranted at this time, except within research protocols. C1 Social Secur Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 BP 431 EP 433 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JH UT WOS:000075125800027 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Crayne, EM Spitalny, KC AF Finelli, L Crayne, EM Spitalny, KC TI Treatment of infants with reactive syphilis serology, New Jersey: 1992 to 1996 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE congenital syphilis; syphilis; antimicrobial treatment; hospitalization ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; MATERNAL ATTACHMENT; VULNERABILITY; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; TIME AB Background and Rationale. Diagnosis of congenital syphilis is problematic: infants with congenital syphilis are often asymptomatic, and signs in symptomatic infants are frequently subtle and nonspecific. Furthermore, there are no readily available diagnostic tests that provide a definitive diagnosis. Previously, the diagnosis of congenital syphilis was based: on a complex set of clinical and laboratory criteria, and only infants with clinically apparent illness or laboratory findings indicating congenital syphilis were classified as cases and reported to health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To systematize diagnosis and case-reporting, the CDC developed a standardized surveillance case definition in 1988. This case definition includes symptomatic infants as well as asymptomatic infants of mothers with untreated or inadequately treated syphilis during pregnancy. It is intended to be highly sensitive to better estimate the burden of disease in the community. Treatment guidelines for congenital syphilis are intentionally conservative and err on the side of overtreatment so that all potentially infected infants are treated. The congenital syphilis surveillance case definition is compatible with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and CDC treatment guidelines; thus, the number of infants identified and reported to state health departments and the CDC should reflect the number of infants treated. Hundreds of infants with reactive serologic tests for syphilis (STS) are reported each year to the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS). The majority of these infants do not meet the case definition for congenital syphilis, and most are treated although treatment guidelines indicate that treatment is not necessary. Objective. To determine whether infants with reactive STS in New Jersey are being treated according to the AAP treatment guidelines. Methods. Medical records of newborns with reactive STS reported to NJDHSS between July 1, 1992, and June 30, 1996, were reviewed to determine status of infection and compliance with the AAP treatment guidelines. The 1995 NJDHSS Uniform Billing and Hospital Discharge Data was used to estimate the mean cost of hospitalization per day for infants with the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. Results. During the study period, 1669 newborns with reactive STS were reported to the NJDHSS Sexually Transmitted Disease Program. Medical record review was completed for 1480 infants (88%). Infants were classified by CDC surveillance criteria as follows: 0 confirmed cases; 515 (35%) presumptive cases; 16 (1%) syphilitic stillbirths; and 949 (64%) cases that did not meet the definition for congenital syphilis. Of the 512 presumptive cases that survived the immediate perinatal period, 478 (93%) were treated with antibiotics and 459 (90%) were treated according to the AAP treatment guidelines. Only 27 infants (6%) were treated with a single intramuscular dose of benzathine penicillin. Thirty-four infants (7%) were not treated; instead, their physicians chose to follow them clinically and serologically. All of those treated were asymptomatic, and most were born to mothers with a history of adequate treatment before or during pregnancy, but who were without serologic follow-up. Of the 949 infants that did not meet the case definition, 329 infants (35%) were not treated and 620 (65%) were treated with antibiotics. The 508 (82%) infants created with antibiotics were treated with intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics for greater than or equal to 10 days; only 62 (10%) were treated with a singular intramuscular dose of benzathine penicillin. According to NJDHSS Uniform Billing Hospital Discharge Data, 267 infants weighing greater than or equal to 2500 g were discharged with a diagnosis of congenital syphilis in 1995. The median number of hospital days for these infants was 10, and the mean cost of hospitalization per day was S1010. Sources of payment of hospital charges for most infants were public insurance and self-pay. The estimate cost for 9 excess days of hospitalization for treatment of 231 infants with reactive STS who did not meet the case definition in New Jersey in 1995 was $2100 330. Discussion. Nearly half of the infants classified as presumptive cases were born to mothers who had been administered proper treatment for syphilis before or during pregnancy, but who failed to drop their titer fourfold after treatment. Of these infants, 99% were asymptomatic. If the recommended diagnostic testing of infants had been performed, the majority probably could have been treated with a single intramuscular injection. Most of the infants not meeting the case definition were treated for 10 days with intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics. It is unclear why the majority of infants were treated, but it is unlikely that maternal treatment history was unknown to the clinician at the time the treatment decision was made and the Infant was managed as if the mother were untreated. However, it is our experience that even when documentation of maternal treatment is readily and conspicuously available in the maternal medical record, most infants are treated for 10 days. Unnecessary and prolonged hospitalization and treatment of infants with reactive serology have significant social, medical, and economic consequences and should be prevented when possible. Hospitalization of uninfected infants for antimicrobial treatment separates newborns from their parents at a critical time for bonding and integration into the family unit. Infants who are hospitalized after birth, even for minor health problems, are at risk of developing a nosocomial infection. The economic burden of treatment falls almost entirely on public programs. In response to this problem, we have developed a set of recommendations to reduce overtreatment of infants with reactive syphilis serology. Clinicians should be trained regarding the interpretation of maternal and infant serology test results and indications for treatment. The recommended diagnostic work-up of infants should be performed including physical examination, a quantitative nontreponemal STS, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and long-bone radiography when indicated. The antibiotic therapy recommended should be administered after review of maternal history and the results of the infant's examination and testing. Clinicians should be aware that health departments possess and are required to retain information about maternal serology titer history and treatment, which can be used to make clinical decisions about the treatment of infants. Health departments should be able to provide information about maternal titer history and treatment to clinical agencies with I to 2 working days of the birth of the infant. Clinical agencies and health departments need to develop strategies for improving the exchange of information. Clinicians should improve the exchange of information between obstetric and pediatric services. Finally, all untreated or inadequately treated mothers should be treated before discharged hospital so that they are treated adequately before their next pregnancy. C1 New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 BP art. no. EP e27 DI 10.1542/peds.102.2.e27 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JH UT WOS:000075125800054 PM 9685473 ER PT J AU Stoll, BJ Holman, RC Schuchat, A AF Stoll, BJ Holman, RC Schuchat, A TI Decline in sepsis-associated neonatal and infant deaths in the United States, 1979 through 1994 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; RESEARCH NETWORK; RISK-FACTORS; ONSET SEPSIS; INTRAPARTUM; SEPTICEMIA; INFECTION; PREVENTION; EXPERIENCE AB Background. Infant mortality in the United States has continued to decline in recent years, but changes in sepsis-associated deaths among infants have not been evaluated previously. Methods. Data from US death records were analyzed for the period 1979 through 1994 to assess trends in sepsis-associated deaths among newborns and older infants. Results. Annual neonatal mortality associated with sepsis declined by 25% from 50.5 deaths per 100 000 live births in 1979 through 1981 to 38.0 deaths per 100 000 live births in 1992 through 1994. Although infant mortality associated with sepsis declined from 71.7 to 56.4 per 100 000 live births over the same period, this decline was attributable to lower sepsis-related mortality among newborns. The rates of sepsis-associated deaths declined for both preterm and term deliveries. Approximately 2260 infants (1521 of whom were newborns) died of sepsis per year in 1992 through 1994. Sepsis-associated death was more likely to occur among infants who were male, black, preterm, or born in the South. Among black infants, the racial gap in sepsis-associated mortality was greater for term than for preterm infants. Conclusions. Despite declines in the overall sepsis-related mortality among newborns, racial and regional gaps in mortality persisted over the 16-year study period. Almost half of the sepsis-related deaths occurred among infants who were born prematurely. Disproportionate rates of prematurity among blacks and infants born in the South may have contributed to persistently high sepsis-related mortality in these groups. Future efforts to reduce the incidence of sepsis-associated deaths will depend on targeting higher risk populations and reducing prematurity. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stoll, BJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal Perinatal Med, 80 Butler St SE,Box 26015, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. NR 36 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 AR e18 DI 10.1542/peds.102.2.e18 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JH UT WOS:000075125800044 PM 9685463 ER PT J AU Weng, S Bulterys, M Chao, A Stidley, CA Dushimimana, A Mbarutso, E Saah, A AF Weng, S Bulterys, M Chao, A Stidley, CA Dushimimana, A Mbarutso, E Saah, A TI Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus-1 transmission and intrauterine growth: A cohort study in Butare, Rwanda SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; mother-to-child transmission; Africa; intrauterine growth; birth weight; gestational age; ponderal index ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MATERNAL HIV-INFECTION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFANTS BORN; FETAL GROWTH; RISK-FACTORS; VITAMIN-A AB Objective. To study the association of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission with birth outcomes, including birth weight, gestational age, ponderal index, head circumference, and weight/head ratio. Methods. Data from a prospective cohort study of 627 pregnant women and their infants in Butare, Rwanda, from October 1989 until April 1994 were analyzed. A total of 318 HIV-l-infected and 309 seronegative women were enrolled during pregnancy and gave birth to 590 live singletons. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to assess the association of mother-child HIV status with several birth outcome measures. Results. Unadjusted mean birth weight of HIV-infected infants was 235 g (95% confidence interval [CI] = 94 to 376 g) less than that of HIV-uninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers (the reference group). After adjustment for gestational age, socioeconomic factors, maternal age, parity, hematocrit, and anthropomorphic measures, mean birth weight of HIV-infected infants was 154 g (95% CI = 38 to 271 g) lower than that of the reference group. When infants born to HIV-seronegative mothers were compared with the reference group, mean birth weights did not differ. Adjusted models resulted in estimates of mean head circumference 0.6 cm smaller (95% CI = 0.2 to 1.1 cm), ponderal index 0.14 lower (95% CI = 0.05 to 0.23), weight/head ratio 3.5 lower (95% CI 0.5 to 6.4), and gestational age 0.5 weeks shorter (95% CI = 0.1 to 0.9 weeks) for HIV-infected, infants than for the reference group. Conclusions. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, this study showed statistically significant differences in birth weight, gestational age, ponderal index, and weight/head ratio when HIV-infected infants were compared with noninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Div Community Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Natl Univ Rwanda, Sch Med, Ctr Publ Hlth, Butare, Rwanda. Natl Univ Hosp Rwanda, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Butare, Rwanda. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Bulterys, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD22496, HD25785] NR 69 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 IS 2 AR e24 DI 10.1542/peds.102.2.e24 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 106JH UT WOS:000075125800051 PM 9685470 ER PT J AU Yung, BR Hammond, WR Sampson, M Warfield, J AF Yung, BR Hammond, WR Sampson, M Warfield, J TI Linking psychology and public health: A predoctoral clinical training program in youth violence prevention SO PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID KNOWLEDGE AB Although clinical psychology has made strides in developing prevention and intervention strategies to reduce youth violence, there has been little attention to skills-oriented preprofessional training to prepare graduate students for practice roles in this emerging area of public health concern. This article describes a practicum training experience that prepares doctoral-level clinical psychology trainees to serve as youth violence prevention service providers, trainers, and consultants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Profess Psychol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Yung, BR (reprint author), Ellis Inst, Sch Profess Psychol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Violence Prevent, 9 N Edwin Moses Blvd, Dayton, OH 45407 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7028 J9 PROF PSYCHOL-RES PR JI Prof. Psychol.-Res. Pract. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 29 IS 4 BP 398 EP 401 DI 10.1037/0735-7028.29.4.398 PG 4 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 103VN UT WOS:000074978700015 ER PT J AU Secor, WE Powell, MR Morgan, J Wynn, TA Funk, CD AF Secor, WE Powell, MR Morgan, J Wynn, TA Funk, CD TI Mice deficient for 5-lipoxygenase, but not leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase, display altered immune responses during infection with Schistosoma mansoni SO PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS LA English DT Article DE schistosomasis; lipoxygenase; granuloma; hypersensitivity ID EOSINOPHIL-STIMULATION PROMOTER; ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCTS; PULMONARY GRANULOMA; EXPRESSION; EGG; MACROPHAGES; DISRUPTION; PATHOLOGY AB Periovular granuloma formation during Schistosoma mansoni infection is a complex, multifaceted immunologic response. Products of arachidonic acid metabolism have been shown to contribute to this response through studies in which general inhibitors of lipoxygenase function reduce granulomatous inflammation. To determine which lipoxygenases are important for granuloma development in schistosomiasis, wild type mice or mice deficient for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) or "leukocyte-type" 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) were infected with S. mansoni and studied for responses to schistosome eggs and egg antigens. At the acute stage of infection, when granuloma formation is usually maximal, 5-LO deficient mice developed smaller granulomas around liver-deposited schistosome eggs compared with wild type or 12-LO deficient mice. 5-LO mice also displayed less antibody-mediated (5 h) and cell-mediated, delayed-type (24 h) hypersensitivity to schistosome egg antigens than did the other two infection groups, in an attempt to determine possible mechanisms for the reduced inflammatory responses, we also measured hepatic mRNA levels of cytokines that have been shown to influence granuloma size (IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma). The mRNA levels for IL-10 were significantly lower in 5-LO-deficient mice, but SEA-stimulated spleen cells did not demonstrate a significant difference in IL-10 production between wild type and 5-LO mice. These data suggest that 5-LO plays a role in host responses to schistosomiasis via a mechanism that cannot be explained solely by changes in expression of these cytokines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Expt Therapeut, Stellar Chance Labs, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Funk, Colin/A-9518-2010; Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53558] NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-6980 J9 PROSTAG OTH LIPID M JI Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5-6 BP 291 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0090-6980(98)00059-8 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 218FY UT WOS:000081543600003 PM 9990674 ER PT J AU Wiley, DJ Frerichs, RR Ford, VL Simon, P AF Wiley, DJ Frerichs, RR Ford, VL Simon, P TI Failure to learn human immunodeficiency virus test results in Los Angeles public sexually transmitted disease clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV; RETURN; INFECTION; REASONS AB Background: Early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection is essential for initiating treatment and partner-notification activities. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic attendees are at high risk for infection and should be made aware of their HIV status. Goal: To determine the characteristics associated with not receiving an HIV test result in an STD clinic setting. Study Design: Confidential HIV testing was offered to 6,705 persons attending four public STD clinics in Los Angeles who submitted blood for syphilis serology and were tested for HIV antibody in an unlinked HIV serosurvey, Human immunodeficiency virus test results and return status were anonymously linked to other risk information. Results: Only one-third of attendees were tested and given their results. Those testing HIV positive in the anonymous survey and those requesting HIV testing were most likely to receive a test result (i.e., 41% and 49%, respectively). Those solely requesting an STD examination, repeat testers, and African-Americans were least likely to receive a result (i.e,, 32%, 30%, and 26%, respectively). Conclusions: Most STD clinic patients fail to receive an HIV test result, Other strategies, such as rapid HIV testing, are needed to increase participation and receipt of HIV test results in this high-risk population. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wiley, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T-32-AI07481] NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 25 IS 7 BP 342 EP 345 DI 10.1097/00007435-199808000-00003 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109QF UT WOS:000075334100003 PM 9713912 ER PT J AU Rietmeijer, CA Wolitski, RJ Fishbein, M Corby, NH Cohn, DL AF Rietmeijer, CA Wolitski, RJ Fishbein, M Corby, NH Cohn, DL TI Sex hustling, injection drug use, and non-gay identification by men who have sex with men - Associations with high-risk sexual behaviors and condom use SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; MALE PROSTITUTES; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; PROJECT; INTERVENTION; EDUCATION; IDENTITY; PROGRAM AB Objective: To explore differences in demographic characteristics, risk practices, and preventive behaviors among subgroups of men who have sex with men (MSM), including gay- and non-gay-identified MSM, MSM who inject drugs, and those engaging in sex hustling. Design: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires in a purposive sample of MSM. Setting: Gay bars, bath houses, adult video arcades, and outdoor cruising areas in Denver and Long Beach. Participants: Men who reported oral or anal sex with another man in the past year with oversampling of non-gay-identified MSM. Results: Of 1,290 MSM, 417 (32%) did not gay-identify, 86 (7%) were drug injectors, and 117 (9%) were hustlers, Of drug-injecting MSM, 55% reported sex hustling and 40% of hustlers reported injection drug use, Hustling was associated with higher number of partners, more frequent anal sex with men and women, and less frequent condom use during anal sex,vith occasional male partners. Hustlers and drug-injecting MSM used condoms less consistently during vaginal intercourse with female partners than did other MSM. Conclusions: Among MSM, subgroups at particularly high risk for HIV can be identified, Although these subgroups may be relatively small, they may be important epidemiologic links to the larger MSM and heterosexual communities and warrant focused behavioral interventions to prevent the further spread of HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Denver, CO USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Ctr Behav Res & Serv, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Rietmeijer, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU801086-08] NR 32 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 25 IS 7 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1097/00007435-199808000-00006 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109QF UT WOS:000075334100006 PM 9713915 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Wasserheit, JN AF Aral, SO Wasserheit, JN TI Social and behavioral correlates of pelvic inflammatory disease SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SEEKING MEDICAL-CARE; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; DELAY-BEHAVIOR; RISK FACTOR; CONDOM USE; PREVENTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN AB Objectives: To review the social and behavioral correlates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the light of the renewed interest in the transmission dynamics of communicable diseases, the new emphasis on health care seeking and health service provision, and increased attention to contextual and population level factors affecting morbidity. Methods: Social and behavioral correlates of PID are reviewed using a conceptual scheme that matrixes the differences among risk factors for exposure, acquisition, and development of sequelae with the differences between individual-level risk factors and population-level determinants. Results: Two major factors contribute to the development of PID: recurrent (or persistent) chlamydial infection of the cervix, which are geographically concentrated and associated with contextual variables, and critical delays in detection and treatment of cervical infection, which are amenable to interventions. Conclusions: Widespread screening for cervical infection followed by timely and appropriate treatment is key for prevention of PID. Health care seeking, provider training, and availability of detection technologies and drugs need to be improved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), NCHSTP, Off Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 25 IS 7 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1097/00007435-199808000-00010 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109QF UT WOS:000075334100010 PM 9713919 ER PT J AU Fox, KK Whittington, WL Levine, WC Moran, JS Zaidi, AA Nakashima, AK AF Fox, KK Whittington, WL Levine, WC Moran, JS Zaidi, AA Nakashima, AK TI Gonorrhea in the United States, 1981-1996 - Demographic and geographic trends SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; BEHAVIORAL-RESEARCH; GAY MEN; SYPHILIS; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK; STD; POPULATIONS; RATES AB Objective: To describe demographic and geographic trends in gonorrhea incidence in the United States from 1981 through 1996. Study Design: We analyzed aggregate gonorrhea cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by the 50 states, District of Columbia, and 63 large cities. Annual incidence rates (cases/100,000 persons) were calculated. Results: Between 1981 and 1996, the incidence of reported gonorrhea decreased 71.3%, from 431.5 to 124.0 cases/100,000. However, rates among blacks were 35 times higher than rates among whites in 1996 (684.6 versus 19.4) compared with 11 times higher in 1981 (1,894.3 versus 164.3), Among women of all races, 15 to 19 year olds had the highest rates (716.6 in 1996), whereas among men, 20 to 24 year olds had the highest rates (512.9 in 1996), Southern states had higher rates than other regions. Conclusions: Large segments of the population, including adolescents, young adults, and blacks, continue to have high rates of gonococcal infection; prevention programs and health care providers should address the needs of these groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Brach, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Fox, KK (reprint author), NC DHHS, HIV STD Prevent & Care Sect, POB 29601, Raleigh, NC 27626 USA. NR 42 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 25 IS 7 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1097/00007435-199808000-00011 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109QF UT WOS:000075334100011 PM 9713920 ER PT J AU Kamb, ML Rhodes, F Hoxworth, T Rogers, J Lentz, A Kent, C MacGowen, R Peterman, TA AF Kamb, ML Rhodes, F Hoxworth, T Rogers, J Lentz, A Kent, C MacGowen, R Peterman, TA CA Project RESPECT Study Grp TI What about money? Effect of small monetary incentives on enrolment, retention, and motivation to change behaviour in an HIV/STD prevention counselling intervention SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE incentives; money; intervention evaluation; HIV prevention; STD clinic patients AB Objectives: We studied the effect of small monetary incentives and non-monetary incentives of similar value on enrolment and participation in clinic based HIV/STD prevention counselling. We examined incident STDs to try to assess whether participants offered money may be less motivated to change risky behaviours than those offered other incentives. Methods: Patients from five US STD clinics were invited to enrol in a multisession risk reduction counselling intervention and, based on their enrolment date, were offered either 415 for each additional session or non-monetary incentives worth $15. The two incentive groups were compared on participants' enrolment, completion of intervention sessions, and new STDs over the 24 months after enrolment. Results: Of 648 patients offered money, 198 (31%) enrolled compared with 160 (23%) of 696 patients offered other incentives (p=0.002). Enrollees in the two incentive groups had similar baseline characteristics, including condom use. Of the 198 participants offered money, 109 (55%) completed all sessions compared with 59 (37%) of the participants offered other incentives (p <0.0001). Comparing those offered money with those offered other incentives STD rates were similar after 6, 12, and 24 months. Conclusions: Small monetary incentives enhanced enrolment and participation compared with other incentives of similar value. Regardless of incentive offered, participants had similar post-enrolment STD rates, suggesting that the type of incentive does not adversely affect motivation to change behaviour. Money may be useful in encouraging high risk individuals to participate in and complete counselling or other public health interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. City Long Beach Hlth Dept, Long Beach, CA USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Newark STD Clin, Newark, NJ USA. Baltimore City Hlth Dept, Baltimore, MD USA. San Francisco City Clin, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kamb, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 74 IS 4 BP 253 EP 255 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 116ZZ UT WOS:000075756400006 PM 9924463 ER PT J AU Cowan, EP Tabor, E Nemo, G Williams, A Lal, RB Busch, MP AF Cowan, EP Tabor, E Nemo, G Williams, A Lal, RB Busch, MP TI Studies to address reports of human T-lymphotropic virus type I tax sequences in US blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NHLBI, Transfus Med Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, REDS Study Chesapeake Reg, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Irwin Mem Blood Ctr, REDS, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Cowan, EP (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 8 BP 800 EP 801 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1998.38898375523.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 109GE UT WOS:000075312600018 PM 9709792 ER PT J AU Gambaryan, AS Matrosovich, MN Bender, CA Kilbourne, ED AF Gambaryan, AS Matrosovich, MN Bender, CA Kilbourne, ED TI Differences in the biological phenotype of low-yielding (L) and high-yielding (H) variants of swine influenza virus A/NJ/11/76 are associated with their different receptor-binding activity SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ MUTANTS; NATURAL HOST; A VIRUS; REPLICATION; CELLS; ANTIGENICITY; GANGLIOSIDES; SPECIFICITY; RECOGNITION; MEMBRANE AB Low- (L) and high-yielding (H) variants of A/sw/NJ/11/76 influenza virus were compared for their growth properties in embryonated chicken eggs and MDCK cells and for their binding affinity for the membrane fractions prepared from cells of the chicken embryo allantoic membrane, MDCK, and swine tracheal cells, as well as for soluble sialic acid containing macromolecules and monovalent sialosides. We have shown, that during infection in MDCK cells and in eggs, the progeny of the L variant remain predominantly cell associated, in contrast to those of H. As a result, accumulation of the L mutant in allantoic or culture fluid is significantly slowed in comparison with the H variant. Visualization of the infectious foci formed by the viruses in MDCK cell monolayers and on the allantoic membrane revealed that L spreads predominantly from cell to cell, while the spread of H involves release of the virus progeny into solution and its rapid distribution over the cell monolayer via convectional flow of the liquid. In the binding assays, L displayed significantly higher binding affinity than H for cellular membranes, gangliosides, and sialylglycoproteins, however, the affinity of the variants for the monovalent sialic acid compounds was comparable. Unlike H, L bound strongly to dextran sulfate. The data obtained suggest that all distinctions of the L and H biological phenotypes reported previously [Kilbourne, E. D., Taylor, A. H., Whitaker, C. W., Sahai, R., and Caton, A. (1988) Hemagglutinin polymorphism as the basis for low-and high-yield phenotypes of swine influenza virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 85, 7782-7785] could be rationally explained by a more avid binding of the L variant to the surface of target cells, and that this effect is mainly due to enhanced electrostatic interactions. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Russian Acad Med Sci, MP Chumakov Inst Poliomyelitis & Viral Encephalit, Moscow 142782, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Matrosovich, MN (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, 332 N Lauderdale St, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM Mikhail.Matrosovich@stjude.org RI Gambaryan, Alexandra/E-2667-2014 NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 247 IS 2 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9274 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 110VX UT WOS:000075403000011 PM 9705915 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Maher, K Pallansch, MA TI Complete sequence of echovirus 23 and its relationship to echovirus 22 and other human enteroviruses SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE echovirus 23; echovirus 22; enteroviruses; complete nucleotide sequence ID PICORNAVIRUS GROUP AB To define the relationship between echovirus 23 (E23) and other human enteroviruses, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of E23 isolated from a child with high fever in Connecticut in 1986 and compared the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with those of other enteroviruses representing each of the major enterovirus phylogenetic groups, poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus A16, coxsackievirus B3, echovirus 22 (E22), and enterovirus 70. The genome of E23 (strain CT86-6760) was 7352 nucleotides in length, exclusive of the poly(A) tail, and the genome organization was typical of the picornaviruses. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequences were most related to those of E22, a virus with which E23 shares many biological properties, and was quite divergent from the sequences of other enteroviruses ( < 20% average amino sequence identity). These data lend further support to the suggestion that E22 and E23 are distinct from members of the Enterovirus genus and that they should be reclassified in a separate genus within the Picornaviridae. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 56 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00080-X PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 124UU UT WOS:000076201500011 PM 9783471 ER PT J AU Loue, S Bounlu, K Pholsena, V Mastro, TD AF Loue, S Bounlu, K Pholsena, V Mastro, TD TI HIV seroprevalence and HIV-1 subtype E among pregnant women in Vientiane, Laos SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Sethathirath Hosp, Vientiane, Laos. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Loue, S (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 30 PY 1998 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1403 EP 1403 DI 10.1097/00002030-199811000-00032 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 103QD UT WOS:000074968600032 PM 9708430 ER PT J AU Hecht, FM Grant, RM Petropoulos, CJ Dillon, B Chesney, MA Tian, H Hellmann, NS Bandrapalli, NI Digilio, L Branson, B Kahn, JO AF Hecht, FM Grant, RM Petropoulos, CJ Dillon, B Chesney, MA Tian, H Hellmann, NS Bandrapalli, NI Digilio, L Branson, B Kahn, JO TI Sexual transmission of an HIV-1 variant resistant to multiple reverse-transcriptase and protease inhibitors SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; PHYLOGENIES; SENSITIVITY; BOOTSTRAP; SELECTION C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Program, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, AIDS Program, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Gladstone Inst Virol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA USA. ViroLog, S San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Aids Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Hecht, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Program, 995 Potrero Ave,Ward 84, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI 27763]; PHS HHS [UO1 41531, U64/CCU913941] NR 30 TC 354 Z9 358 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 30 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 5 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1056/NEJM199807303390504 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104TL UT WOS:000075031400004 PM 9682043 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Gunter, EW AF Looker, AC Gunter, EW TI Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 30 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 5 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104TL UT WOS:000075031400012 PM 9696642 ER PT J AU Bijnen, FCH Caspersen, CJ Feskens, EJM Saris, WHM Mosterd, WL Kromhout, D AF Bijnen, FCH Caspersen, CJ Feskens, EJM Saris, WHM Mosterd, WL Kromhout, D TI Physical activity and 10-year mortality from cardiovascular diseases and all causes - The Zutphen Elderly Study SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER ADULTS; MEN; STROKE; CHOLESTEROL; PREVENTION; POPULATION; PROGRAM; WOMEN AB Background: Little is known about physical activity and mortality risk in the elderly. Therefore, we describe the associations between the physical activity pattern of elderly men and the mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and all causes. Methods: Self-reported physical activity was assessed with a validated questionnaire for retired men in a population-based sample of 802 Dutch men, aged 64 to 84 years at baseline. Relative risks were estimated for 10-year mortality from CVD (199 deaths), CHD (90), stroke (47), and all causes (373) for tertiles of time spent on physical activity (reference, lowest tertile). Adjustments were made for baseline age, relevant major chronic diseases, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results: Mortality risks from CVD and all causes decreased with increasing physical activity (P for trend =.04) with adjusted relative risks of 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.01) and 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.00) in the highest tertile of total physical activity, respectively. Except for CHD, time spent in more intense activities (greater than or equal to 4 kcal/kg per hour) was more strongly associated with all mortality outcomes than less intense activities, but no single type of activity was particularly protective. Walking or cycling at least 3 times per week for 20 minutes tour definition of activity based on general health recommendations) was associated with reduced mortality from CVD (adjusted relative risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.88) and all causes (relative risk, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.88). Additional adjustment for biological cardiovascular risk factors did not affect the strength of any association. Conclusion: In a general population of elderly men, physical activity may protect against mortality from CVDs and all causes. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis & Environm Epidemiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Dept Med Physiol & Sports Med, NL-3521 GG Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Limburg, Dept Human Biol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Feskens, EJM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis & Environm Epidemiol, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Feskens, Edith/A-3757-2012; Kromhout, Daan/A-8566-2014; OI Feskens, Edith/0000-0001-5819-2488 NR 39 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 158 IS 14 BP 1499 EP 1505 DI 10.1001/archinte.158.14.1499 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 102ZY UT WOS:000074957200003 PM 9679790 ER PT J AU Straus, WL Qazi, SA Kundi, Z Nomani, NK Schwartz, B AF Straus, WL Qazi, SA Kundi, Z Nomani, NK Schwartz, B CA Pakistan Co-Trimoxazole Study Grp TI Antimicrobial resistance and clinical effectiveness of co-trimoxazole versus amoxycillin for pneumonia among children in Pakistan: randomised controlled trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; COMMUNITY; PENICILLIN AB Background Cotrimoxazole is widely used in treatment of paediatric pneumonia in developing countries, but drug resistance may decrease its effectiveness. We studied the effectiveness of co-trimoxazole compared with that of amoxycillin in pneumonia therapy, and assessed the clinical impact of co-trimoxazole resistance. Methods We recruited 595 children, aged 2-59 months, with non-severe or severe pneumonia (WHO criteria) diagnosed in the outpatient wards of two urban Pakistan hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned on a 2:1 basis co-trimoxazole (n=398) or amoxycillin (n=197) in standard WHO doses and dosing schedules, and were monitored in study wards. The primary outcome was inpatient therapy failure (clinical criteria) or clinical evidence of pneumonia at outpatient follow-up examination. Findings There were 92 (23%) therapy failures in the cotrimoxazole group and 30 (15%) in the amoxycillin group (p=0.03)-26 (13%) versus 12 (12%) among children with non-severe pneumonia (p=0.856) and 66 (33%) versus 18 (18%) among those with severe pneumonia (p=0.009). For patients with severe pneumonia, age under 1 year (p=0.056) and positive chest radiographs (p=0.005) also predicted therapy failure. There was no significant association between antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration and outcome among bacteraemic children treated with co-trimoxazole. Interpretation Co-trimoxazole provided effective therapy in non-severe pneumonia. For severe, life-threatening pneumonia, however, co-trimoxazole is less likely than amoxycillin to be effective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Pakistan Inst Med Sci, Islamabad, Pakistan. Rawalpindi Gen Hosp, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Natl Inst Hlth, Islamabad, Pakistan. RP Straus, WL (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, POB 4,WP39-160, W Point, PA 19486 USA. NR 24 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON WC1B 3SL, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 25 PY 1998 VL 352 IS 9124 BP 270 EP 274 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10294-X PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 103TT UT WOS:000074974500009 PM 9690406 ER PT J AU Song, SQ Ashley, DL AF Song, SQ Ashley, DL TI Sample purification for the analysis of caffeine in tobacco by gas chromatography mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE tobacco; caffeine; alkaloids ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THEOPHYLLINE; THEOBROMINE; PLASMA; COFFEE; BRAIN AB A commonly used additive to tobacco products is cocoa. A sensitive and selective method was developed to measure caffeine, a marker for cocoa, in tobacco by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Tobacco components usually produce high background signals in GC-MS analysis. Therefore, a series of extraction steps were designed to effectively purify the tobacco extracts. The analytical recovery of caffeine was 100% when [trimethyl-C-13(3)]caffeine was used as an isotope-dilution reference. A linear calibration curve was generated with caffeine concentration ranging from 0.01 to 20 mu g/ml. The detection limit of caffeine was 0.02 mu g/ml in the final solution. This method was applied to several commercial tobacco products, of which the corresponding caffeine levels varied from below the detection limit to 125 mu g/g. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Song, SQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 814 IS 1-2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00384-7 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 106XH UT WOS:000075176200015 PM 9718692 ER PT J AU Chang, HJ von Reyn, CF Jarvis, WR AF Chang, HJ von Reyn, CF Jarvis, WR TI Malassezia pachydermatis infections - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. RP Chang, HJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 23 PY 1998 VL 339 IS 4 BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 102HQ UT WOS:000074918700024 ER PT J AU Schomburg, DR Berenson, L Dragovic, L Sathyabagiswaran, L Ahonima, S AF Schomburg, DR Berenson, L Dragovic, L Sathyabagiswaran, L Ahonima, S TI Heat-related mortality - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 473-476, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Chief Med Examiners Off, New York, NY 10016 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Vital Stat & Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Oakland Cty Med Examiners Off, Pontiac, MI USA. Cty Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Br, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schomburg, DR (reprint author), Chief Med Examiners Off, 520 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 4 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100FC UT WOS:000074804200014 ER PT J AU Robinson, JK Rigel, DS Amonette, RA AF Robinson, JK Rigel, DS Amonette, RA TI Sun-protection behaviors used by adults for their children - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 480-482, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Amer Acad Dermatol, Schaumburg, IL 60168 USA. CDC, Canc Surveillance Br, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robinson, JK (reprint author), Amer Acad Dermatol, Schaumburg, IL 60168 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 4 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100FC UT WOS:000074804200015 ER PT J AU Holt, D Even, J Young, WW Chalke, PE Stuchner, D Covey, L King, S Johnson, MA Twomey, M Steinkeler, S Pelletier, P Boucher, P Mills, D Becket, G Hawkes, A Shields, D Sonnenfeld, N Wolman, R Smith, A Crinon, L Sloat, C Sherman, J Pabst, P Bouchard, M Matthews, J Hardacker, J Smith, D Drake, A Gensheimer, K AF Holt, D Even, J Young, WW Chalke, PE Stuchner, D Covey, L King, S Johnson, MA Twomey, M Steinkeler, S Pelletier, P Boucher, P Mills, D Becket, G Hawkes, A Shields, D Sonnenfeld, N Wolman, R Smith, A Crinon, L Sloat, C Sherman, J Pabst, P Bouchard, M Matthews, J Hardacker, J Smith, D Drake, A Gensheimer, K TI Community needs assessment and morbidity surveillance following an ice storm - Maine, January 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 47, pg 351-354, 1998) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CLUSTER-SAMPLING METHOD C1 Town Off, Norway, ME 04268 USA. Stephens Mem Hosp, Norway, ME USA. Cent Maine Med Ctr, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA. St Marys Reg Med Ctr, Lewiston, ME USA. CDC, Div Field Epidemiol, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Environm Hazards Epidemiol Sect, Hlth Studies Br,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effec, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maine Dept Human Serv, Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. RP Holt, D (reprint author), Town Off, Norway, ME 04268 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 4 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100FC UT WOS:000074804200016 ER PT J AU Hanzlick, R Combs, D AF Hanzlick, R Combs, D TI Coroner and medical examiner systems - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID DEATH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hanzlick, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 4 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 100FC UT WOS:000074804200024 ER PT J AU St Louis, ME Wasserheit, JN AF St Louis, ME Wasserheit, JN TI Epidemiology - Elimination of syphilis in the United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP St Louis, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5375 BP 353 EP 354 DI 10.1126/science.281.5375.353 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 102HR UT WOS:000074918800028 PM 9705711 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Cauley, JA Seeley, DG Ensrud, KE Bauer, DC AF Gregg, EW Cauley, JA Seeley, DG Ensrud, KE Bauer, DC CA Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Res Grp TI Physical activity and osteoporotic fracture risk in older women SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE osteoporosis, postmenopausal; exercise; fracture; physical fitness; falls, accidental ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; EXERCISE; CALCIUM AB Background: Physical activity has been related to enhanced bone mass and improved physical functioning and thus may reduce the risk for osteoporotic fracture. Objective: To determine whether higher levels of physical activity are related to lower incidence of hip, wrist, and vertebral fractures. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four clinical centers in Baltimore, Maryland; Portland, Oregon; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania. Participants: 9704 nonblack women 65 years of age or older. Measurements: Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire at baseline. Hip and wrist fractures were followed for an average of 7.6 years. The incidence of vertebral fracture was determined morphometrically by using radiography at baseline and an average of 3.7 years later. Results: Higher levels of leisure time, sport activity, and household chores and fewer hours of sitting daily were associated with a significantly reduced relative risk for hip fracture after adjustment for age, dietary factors, falls at baseline, and functional and health status. Very active women (fourth and fifth quintiles) had a statistically significant 36% reduction in hip fractures (relative risk, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.89]) compared with the least active women (lowest quintile). The intensity of physical activity was also related to fracture risk: Moderately to vigorously active women had statistically significant reductions of 42% and 33% in risk for hip and vertebral fractures, respectively, compared with inactive women. Total physical activity, hours of household chores per day, and hours of sitting per day were not significantly associated with wrist or vertebral fractures. Conclusions: Among older community-dwelling women, physical activity is associated with a reduced risk for hip fracture but not wrist or vertebral fracture. C1 Univ Vermont, Coll Med, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Minnesota, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NIADDK NIH HHS [1-R01-AM35584]; NIAMS NIH HHS [1-R01-AR35582, 1-R01-AR35583] NR 33 TC 194 Z9 199 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 101CL UT WOS:000074852000001 PM 9669990 ER PT J AU Decker, CF Jarvis, WR AF Decker, CF Jarvis, WR TI Bacteria and safety of the blood supply SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Decker, CF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 2 BP 164 EP 165 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 101CL UT WOS:000074852000025 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ Trenberth, KE AF Sun, DZ Trenberth, KE TI Coordinated heat removal from the equatorial Pacific during the 1986-87 El Nino SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; OCEAN; THERMOSTAT; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; ENSO AB Utilizing radiation data from Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), circulation statistics from NCEP reanalysis, and assimilated ocean data for the tropical Pacific basin, we show that the surface ocean warming during the 1986-87 El Nino is not only accompanied by significant increases in the cloud reflection of the solar radiation, but also by marked increases in the poleward energy transport in both the atmosphere and ocean, Measured over the equatorial region, the feedback from the ocean dynamics is twice as large as from the atmospheric dynamics which in turn is twice as large as the feedback from the cloud albedo. The three feedbacks constitute a strong regulatory effect upon the equatorial SST. The results reveal a prominent role of El Nino in the heat removal from the equatorial Pacific. C1 CU, CIRES, CDC, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), CU, CIRES, CDC, NOAA, Campus Box 449, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012 OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2659 EP 2662 DI 10.1029/98GL01813 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101UJ UT WOS:000074886300051 ER PT J AU Dickersin, K Fredman, L Flegal, KM Scott, JD Crawley, B AF Dickersin, K Fredman, L Flegal, KM Scott, JD Crawley, B TI Is there a sex bias in choosing editors? Epidemiology journals as an example SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication CY SEP, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Journal of the Amer Med Assoc, British Med J, Project HOPE ID SCIENTIFIC FIELDS; POLICIES; WOMEN AB Context.-Editors, authors, and reviewers are influential in shaping science. The careers of women in public health have received less scrutiny than those of women in medicine and other branches of science. The performance of women as editors, authors, and reviewers in epidemiology has not been previously studied. Objective.-To examine changes over time in the representation of women at the editorial level in US epidemiology journals compared with the proportion of women authors and reviewers. Design and Setting.-Cross-sectional study of 4 US epidemiology journals, American Journal of Epidemiology, Annals of Epidemiology, Epidemiology, and the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly the Journal of Chronic Diseases), for 1982, 1987, 1992, and 1994. Subjects.-Editors, authors, and reviewers for the selected years. Main Outcome Measures.-Sex of editors, authors, and reviewers. Results.-We identified 2415 reports associated with 8005 authors. One of 7 editors in chief was a woman, a position she shared with a man. For all journals, the proportion of editors who were women ranged from 5 (6.5%) of 77 in 1982 to 42 (16.3%) of 258 in 1994. Over all journals and all years, women comprised a higher proportion of authors (28.7% [2225/7743]) compared with reviewers (26.7% [796/2982]) or editors (12.8% [89/696]). Conclusions.-Fewer women in public health hold editorial positions than are authors and reviewers. The reasons for this important discrepancy, including the possibility of a selection bias favoring men, should be further investigated. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Charles McC Mathias Natl Study Ctr Trauma & Emerg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Dickersin, K (reprint author), Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Box G-A4, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM kay_dickersin@brown.edu RI Dickersin, Kay/A-4576-2008; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 3 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1001/jama.280.3.260 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZZ204 UT WOS:000074706000020 PM 9676675 ER PT J AU Olson, CM Glass, RM Thacker, SB Stroup, DF AF Olson, CM Glass, RM Thacker, SB Stroup, DF TI Ethical issues in studying submissions to a medical journal SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication CY SEP, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Journal of the Amer Med Assoc, British Med J, Project HOPE AB A protocol to prospectively study characteristics of meta-analyses submitted to a weekly medical journal raised several ethical issues. In submitting a manuscript for publication, authors do not implicitly consent to have their work used for research. Authors must be free to refuse to consent, without it affecting their chances for publication. Systematically analyzing data on manuscript characteristics might influence the decision to publish. Having investigators who are not on the editorial staff or peer reviewers extract the manuscripts' characteristics breaks the confidentiality of the author-editor-reviewer relationship. In response to these issues, we added a statement to our journal's instructions for authors that submitted manuscripts may be systematically analyzed to improve the quality of the editorial or peer review process. Authors had to actively consent to participate, but editors and external reviewers were unaware of which authors were participating. The manuscript characteristics were not shared with authors, editors, or external reviewers. The investigators were blinded to each manuscript's author and institution. After we addressed ethical issues encountered in studying manuscripts submitted to a medical journal, 99 of 105 authors submitting a meta-analysis during the study's first 24 months agreed to participate. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olson, CM (reprint author), JAMA, 515 N State St, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 3 BP 290 EP 291 DI 10.1001/jama.280.3.290 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ZZ204 UT WOS:000074706000031 PM 9676686 ER EF