FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Herikstad, H Hayes, PS Hogan, J Floyd, P Snyder, L Angulo, FJ AF Herikstad, H Hayes, PS Hogan, J Floyd, P Snyder, L Angulo, FJ TI Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella in the United States SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; drug resistance; microbial; cephalosporin resistance; ceftriaxone ID BETA-LACTAMASE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. NORTHSIDE PEDIAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 16 IS 9 BP 904 EP 905 DI 10.1097/00006454-199709000-00015 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA XW932 UT WOS:A1997XW93200013 PM 9306487 ER PT J AU Halsey, NA Schuchat, A Oh, W Baker, CJ AF Halsey, NA Schuchat, A Oh, W Baker, CJ TI The 1997 AAP guidelines for prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PENICILLIN; INFANTS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HASBRO CHILDRENS HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI 02903. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Halsey, NA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 BP 383 EP 384 DI 10.1542/peds.100.3.383 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU212 UT WOS:A1997XU21200021 PM 9282709 ER PT J AU Parrott, JH Dure, L Sullender, W Buraphacheep, W Frye, TA Galliani, C Marston, E Jones, D Regnery, R AF Parrott, JH Dure, L Sullender, W Buraphacheep, W Frye, TA Galliani, C Marston, E Jones, D Regnery, R TI Central nervous system infection associated with Bartonella quintana: A report of two cases SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; CITRATE-SYNTHASE GENE; ROCHALIMAEA-QUINTANA; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PCR; ENDOCARDITIS; HENSELAE; PATIENT C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT RADIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PATHOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Dure, Leon/B-3243-2008 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1542/peds.100.3.403 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU212 UT WOS:A1997XU21200029 PM 9282717 ER PT J AU Cabrera, GR Fortenberry, JD Butler, JS Warshaw, BL Cooperstone, BG Chambliss, R AF Cabrera, GR Fortenberry, JD Butler, JS Warshaw, BL Cooperstone, BG Chambliss, R TI Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. SCOTTISH RITE CHILDRENS MED CTR,SERV NEPHROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 SU S BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU278 UT WOS:A1997XU27800050 ER PT J AU Yusuf, HR Braden, CR Greenberg, AJ Weltman, AC Onorato, IM Valway, SE AF Yusuf, HR Braden, CR Greenberg, AJ Weltman, AC Onorato, IM Valway, SE TI Tuberculosis transmission among five school bus drivers and students in two New York counties SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE school; school bus; student; transmission; tuberculosis ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; OUTBREAK AB Objective. Between November 1994 and April 1995, more than 3300 students in 49 schools in two counties in New York were potentially exposed to five school bus drivels with tuberculosis. This investigation was carried out to determine the extent of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among students. Methods. Components of the epidemiologic investigation included tuberculin skin-test screening and collection of demographic information for students exposed to a driver with tuberculosis, chest radiography and medical evaluation of individuals with positive skin tests, and DNA fingerprinting of M tuberculosis isolates. A positive skin test was defined as 10 mm induration, and a converter was an individual with an increase in reaction size of 10 mm in the past 2 years. Results. The rates of positive skin tests were 0.8%, 0.3%, 9.9%, 1.1%, and 0.7% among US-born students exposed to drivers 1 through 5, respectively. The relative risk for a positive tuberculin skin test was significant only for students exposed to driver 3, and the only secondary case identified among students was exposed to driver 3. The DNA fingerprint patterns of isolates from drivers 3 and 4 matched. Conclusion. There was no clear evidence of transmission of M tuberculosis to students from drivers 1, 2, 4, or 5. However, evidence suggests that driver 3 transmitted M tuberculosis to students and another driver. Routine annual tuberculin skin-test screening of drivers would not have prevented these tuberculosis exposures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT, DIV TB ELIMINAT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NASSAU CTY DEPT HLTH, DIV DIS CONTROL, MINEOLA, NY USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, BUR TB CONTROL, ALBANY, NY USA. RP Yusuf, HR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV, 4770 BUFORD HWY, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1997 VL 100 IS 3 BP art. no. EP e9 DI 10.1542/peds.100.3.e9 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XU212 UT WOS:A1997XU21200017 PM 9271624 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA AF Hahn, RA TI The nocebo phenomenon: Concept, evidence, and implications for public health - Review SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE nocebo; placebo; expectation; etiology ID RECORD-LINKAGE; MORTALITY; SUICIDE; SUGGESTION; INDUCTION; DISEASE; STORIES; COHORT AB The nocebo hypothesis proposes that expectations of sickness and the affective states associated with such expectations cause sickness in the expectant. The nocebo phenomenon is a little-recognized facet of culture that may be responsible for a substantial variety of pathology throughout the world. However, the extent of the phenomenon is not yet known, and evidence is piecemeal and ambiguous. This paper reviews the concept of nocebo and its association with the placebo phenomenon, gives examples of evidence for the nocebo phenomenon, and suggests public health implications. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PREVENT RES & ANALYT METHODS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP D-01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 607 EP 611 DI 10.1006/pmed.1996.0124 PN 1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA XX956 UT WOS:A1997XX95600004 PM 9327466 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Burt, VL Gillum, RF Pamuk, ER AF Vargas, CM Burt, VL Gillum, RF Pamuk, ER TI Validity of self-reported hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1991 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 123rd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 1995 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE hypertension; blood pressure; validity, sensitivity, and specificity; NHANES ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Background. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is the main data source for hypertension surveillance. However, because of a gap of almost 10 years between each NHANES, self-reported data from annual surveys need to be examined as an alternative data source. This study analyzes the validity of self-reported hypertension in a national sample of non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans. Methods. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values positive (PVP) and negative (PVN) of self-reported hypertension were calculated against two definitions of hypertension: the definition recommended by the Third Joint National Committee on Hypertension, JNC III (blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 and/or taking antihypertension medication) and a broader definition including control with lifestyle modifications, Data used come from the NHANES III, 1988-1991. Results. Overall test characteristics using the JNC III definition are sensitivity 71%, specificity 90%, PVP 72%, and PVN 89%. Test characteristics were consistently higher for the broad than for the JNC III definition. Validity of self-reported hypertension is higher among women than among men and among persons with a medical visit during the past year than among those with no visits: validity was lowest among Mexican-American men. Due to the similarity between sensitivity and PVP, the prevalence of self-reported hypertension is nearly equal to the prevalence of JNC III-defined hypertension. Conclusions. Self-reported hypertension may be used for surveillance of hypertension trends, in the absence of measured blood pressure, among non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic black women and persons with a medical visit in the past year. Validation should be repeated with each NHANES. RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 730,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 18 TC 151 Z9 158 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 26 IS 5 BP 678 EP 685 DI 10.1006/pmed.1997.0190 PN 1 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA XX956 UT WOS:A1997XX95600016 PM 9327477 ER PT J AU Jones, WK Smith, J Kieke, B Wilcox, L AF Jones, WK Smith, J Kieke, B Wilcox, L TI Who is at risk in the United States? SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID FEMALE AB FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/female circumcision (FGM/FC) refers to a group of traditional practices that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for cultural, religious, or other non-therapeutic reasons. These practices are usually performed by a nonmedical practitioner in the home or other nonclinical setting. Complications occurring immediately after the practice as well as those encountered months and years afterward can result in disability or premature death, In 1996 Congress directed the Department. of Health and Human Services to develop estimates of the prevalence of women and girls with or at risk for FGM/FC in the United States. This paper reports those estimates, as derived by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which showed that in 1990 there were an estimated 168,000 girls and women living in the United States with or at risk for FGM/FC. RP Jones, WK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,D-51,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 112 IS 5 BP 368 EP 377 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XW236 UT WOS:A1997XW23600019 PM 9323387 ER PT J AU Penman, AD Brackin, BT Embrey, R AF Penman, AD Brackin, BT Embrey, R TI Outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning caused by a fluoride overfeed, Mississippi, 1993 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. To determine the extent and confirm the cause of an August 1993 outbreak of acute fluoride poisoning in a small Mississippi community, thought to result from excess fluoride in the public water supply. Methods. State health department Investigators interviewed patrons of a restaurant where the outbreak first became manifest and obtained blood and urine samples for measurement of fluoride levels. Stale health department staff conducted a random sample telephone survey of community households. Public health environmentalists obtained water and ice samples from the restaurant and tap water samples from a household close to one of the town's water treatment plants for analysis. Health department investigator; and town water department officials inspected the fluoridation system at the town's main water treatment plant. Results. Thirty-four of 62 restaurant patrons reported acute gastrointestinal illness over a 24-hour period. Twenty of 61 households that used the community water supply reported one or more residents with acute gastrointestinal illness over a four-day period, compared with 3 of 13 households that did not use the community water supply. Restaurant water and ice samples contained more than 40 milligrams of fluoride per liter (mg/L), more than 20 times the recommended limit, and a tap water sample from a house located near the main treatment plant contained 200 mg/L of fluoride. An investigation determined that a faulty feed pump at one of the town's two treatment plants had allowed saturated fluoride solution to siphon from the saturator tank into the ground reservoir and that a large bolus of this overfluoridated water had been pumped accidentally into the town system. Conclusions. Correct installation and regular Inspection and maintenance of fluoridation systems are needed-to prevent such incidents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Penman, AD (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE HLTH DEPT,OFF COMMUNITY HLTH SERV,BUR PREVENT HLTH,2423 N ST,JACKSON,MS 39215, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 112 IS 5 BP 403 EP 409 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XW236 UT WOS:A1997XW23600024 PM 9323392 ER PT J AU Palacio, G Tobon, ME Mora, O Sanchez, JL Jimenez, M Munoz, A Pineda, D Villa, A Londono, A Buritica, O Diaz, H Acebedo, S Giraldo, M Canasteros, I Tobon, N Gomez, ME Arana, A Uribe, CS Tsang, V Pilcher, J Ahn, L Rodriguez, M Hurtado, A Ceballos, F Jimenez, I AF Palacio, G Tobon, ME Mora, O Sanchez, JL Jimenez, M Munoz, A Pineda, D Villa, A Londono, A Buritica, O Diaz, H Acebedo, S Giraldo, M Canasteros, I Tobon, N Gomez, ME Arana, A Uribe, CS Tsang, V Pilcher, J Ahn, L Rodriguez, M Hurtado, A Ceballos, F Jimenez, I TI Neurocysticercosis as cause of epilepsy in older patients SO REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA LA French DT Article DE Colombia; cysticercosis; epidemiology; epilepsy; prevalence ID CYSTICERCOSIS TAENIA-SOLIUM; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY ELISA; DIAGNOSIS; PERU; BLOT; CLASSIFICATION; VILLAGE; MEXICO AB Introduction. In this investigations, was carried out a neurocysticercosis (NC) prevalence study during seven months in the Institute Neurologico de Antioquia with the purpose of known neurocysticercosis frecuency as cause of epilepsy in patients older than ten years that we attended in our institute. Material and methods. Computerized tomographies (CT) were made to 503 patients, with epilepsy, 24.7% of them were CT positive for NC. Cysticercosis enzyme linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) test were made to 178 patients, 19.6% were EITB positive for NC and 5% ELISA positive for NC. Results. From this result it is possible to infer that about 8% of the 503 patients with epilepsy had cysticercosis, according to EITB that is the golden assay for NC. The CT and ELISA rest had 94.3% and 27.7% sensitivity respectively according to EITB. The specificity of the CT for NC was 49.2% and specificity for ELISA test was 100% as compared to EITB. The multivariate analysis with logistic regression allowed to establish association of positive EITB with factors such as male sex, eating pork, headaches and multiple lesions in CT. Conclusions. Prevention and education actions are necessary for the interruption of the neurocysticercosis transmission chain in order to diminish the high prevalence of epilepsy in the country and its complication and consequences [REV NEUROL 1997; 25: 1406-10]. C1 INST NEUROL ANTIOQUIA,MEDELLIN 4636,COLOMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,IMMUNOCHEM SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA PI BARCELONA PA C/O CESAR VIGUERA, EDITOR, APDO 94121, 08080 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0210-0010 J9 REV NEUROLOGIA JI Rev. Neurologia PD SEP PY 1997 VL 25 IS 145 BP 1406 EP 1410 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XR405 UT WOS:A1997XR40500016 PM 9377300 ER PT J AU Martins-Filho, OA Dutra, WO Freeman, GL Silveira, AMS Rabello, A Colley, DG Prata, A Gazzinelli, G CorreaOliveira, R CarvalhoParra, J AF Martins-Filho, OA Dutra, WO Freeman, GL Silveira, AMS Rabello, A Colley, DG Prata, A Gazzinelli, G CorreaOliveira, R CarvalhoParra, J TI Flow cytometric study of blood leucocytes in clinical forms of human schistosomiasis SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANSONI EGG ANTIGENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-CELLS; GRANULOMATOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; PATIENT SERA; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; MODULATION AB The aim of this study was to examine three distinct groups of schistosomiasis patients and to determine whether cell phenotype profiles could be correlated with the different clinical forms of the disease, The data obtained indicate that Schistosoma mansoni infected patients have a loa er percentage of CD3+ T cells than do non-infected individuals. Interestingly, infected patients presented more than twice the mean percentage of circulating activated T cells (CD3+HLA-DR+) when compared to the control group. Examination of T lymphocyte subpopulations showed that patients with the severe hepatosplenic form (HS) of the disease had lower levels of both CD8High+ and CD8Low+ cells when compared to the other groups of patients, All infected individuals had a higher percentage of circulating B cells, with an increase in the CD5+ B cell population that was more evident in the HS group. The data presented here are evidence to support a relationship between the hepatosplenic form of the disease, a decrease on the CD8+ cell population and an elevation on CD5+ B cells. C1 FIOCRUZ MS, CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU, FDN OSWALDO CRUZ, BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS, ICB, DEPT BIOQUIM & IMUNOL, BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL. CDC, DIV PARASIT DIS, NCID, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV VALE RIO DOCE, UNIVALE, GOVERNADOR VALADARES, BRAZIL. FAC MED TRIANGULO MINEIRO, UBERABA, BRAZIL. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26505] NR 47 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-119.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XX608 UT WOS:A1997XX60800015 PM 9315121 ER PT J AU McCombs, SB McCray, E Frey, RL Onorato, IM AF McCombs, SB McCray, E Frey, RL Onorato, IM TI Behaviors of heterosexual sexually transmitted disease clinic patients with sex partners at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; HTLV-III/LAV; CONDOM USE; SAN-FRANCISCO; AIDS; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; ADULTS; HEMOPHILIA AB Background and Objectives: From March 1989 through December 1992, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted annual, voluntary surveys of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behavior in sentinel sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in 25 cities in the United States, Goal: Describe behaviors of heterosexual participants who reported as their only risk for HIV infection sexual contact with persons at increased risk for HIV, Study Design: Participants responded to a standard questionnaire that collected demographic data and medical, drug use, and sexual histories, Results: Sex with an injection drug user was the most common risk behavior. Fewer than 5% of participants always used condoms in the preceding year; 38% never used condoms, Multi-variate analyses identified three independent predictors of HIV infection in men: living in the Northeast (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; P < 0.001), sex with an HN-infected woman (OR = 3.6; P < 0.01), and black race (OR = 2.7; P < 0.01). For women, sex with an HIV-infected man was the strongest predictor (OR = 12.0; P < 0.001) followed by Northeast residence (OR = 5.4; P < 0.001) and black race (OR = 3.4; P < 0.01), Conclusion: Sexually transmitted disease clinic patients throughout the United States knowingly engaged in sexual activities with partners at increased risk for HIV infection. HIV prevention activities need to be targeted to all sexually active persons, particularly in areas where injection drug use and HIV are prevalent. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 24 IS 8 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1097/00007435-199709000-00004 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XU749 UT WOS:A1997XU74900004 PM 9293609 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Wey, HE Richards, DE Mathias, PI Krieg, E AF Toraason, M Wey, HE Richards, DE Mathias, PI Krieg, E TI Altered Ca2+ mobilization during excitation-contraction in cultured cardiac myocytes exposed to antimony SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 10-14, 1996 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Soc Toxicol ID RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM FUNCTION; CALCIUM TRANSIENTS; ISOLATED CARDIOMYOCYTES; SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE; RELEASE; EXCHANGE; HEART; 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE; DEPRESSION AB Industrial exposure and pharmaceutical use of antimony compounds have been linked to altered cardiovascular function and pathology. Antimony compounds induce hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias, all of which can arise from aberrations in myocyte regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+](i)). To determine if trivalent antimony affects [Ca2+](i) during excitation-contraction, we developed an in vitro cardiac myocyte model that was exposed for 24 hr to potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) at 0-10 mu M. Control myocytes received sodium potassium tartrate. Concentrations of up to 10 mu M PAT were without effect on total DNA and protein content of cultures, indicating that PAT exposures were not overtly toxic. However, spontaneous beating rates of myocytes were significantly reduced by 5 and 10 mu M PAT. Myocytes were paced by electric field stimulation at 0.5 Hz, and the effect of PAT on [Ca2+](i) transients during excitation-contraction was monitored with fura-2. PAT (2-8 mu M) significantly reduced systolic [Ca2+](i) in a concentration-dependent fashion, but was without effect on diastolic [Ca2+](i) or on the first derivative of the transient rise (d[Ca2+](i)/dt). Myocytes from control cells responded to epinephrine (10(-8)-10(-5) M) in concentration-dependent fashion with elevated systolic [Ca2+](i) and an increase in the rate of decay of transients. In PAT-exposed myocytes, the systolic response was blunted while the decay rate was enhanced. PAT-exposed cells also exhibited a reduced basal [Ca2+](i) when depolarized by 90 mM KCl and a reduced caffeine-releasable Ca2+ pool of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Both control and PAT-treated cells responded to ryanodine in a comparable fashion. Results indicate that a nonlethal exposure to PAT reduces Ca2+ availability during excitation-contraction. Decreased influx of Ca2+ across the sarcolemma and enhanced removal of Ca2+ appear to be responsible. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 146 IS 1 BP 104 EP 115 DI 10.1006/taap.1997.8198 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XZ366 UT WOS:A1997XZ36600012 PM 9299602 ER PT J AU ElOn, J Khaleel, E Malsha, Y Nahmias, J Schantz, P Sneir, R BenIsmail, R Furth, M Hoida, G AF ElOn, J Khaleel, E Malsha, Y Nahmias, J Schantz, P Sneir, R BenIsmail, R Furth, M Hoida, G TI Echinococcus granulosus: a seroepidemiological survey in northern Israel using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE echinococcosis; hydatid disease; Echinococcus granulosus; Israel; seroprevalence; immunoglobulin G; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID HYDATID-DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS AB Following an intensive health education programme, 8651 finger-prick blood samples, 4122 from a predominantly adult group attending a primary care clinic and 4529 from schoolchildren, were collected in Tamra, northern Israel. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used to detect anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibodies, using both crude and purified antigens. The seroprevalence in the adult group was 0.48% (20/4122); optical density values were 0.1-0.14 in 10 subjects, 0.15-0.19 in 9, and greater than or equal to 0.2 in one; prevalences did not differ significantly between males and females or among age groups. Twenty-six of the schoolchildren (0.57%) were seropositive, 23 with optical densities of 0.1-0.14, one of 0.15-0.19, and 2 greater than or equal to 0.2. A high correlation was observed between ELISA positivity and both positivity in the are 5 immunoelectrophoresis test and the presence of a high titre in the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Cross reactivity was observed with sera from schistosomiasis and ancylostomiasis patients, using both crude and purified echinococcal antigens. The results indicated that the IgG ELISA, using both crude and purified antigens, was very useful for seroepidemiological screening for echinococcosis, and that this condition is an emerging disease in northern Israel. C1 KUPAT HOLIM CLIN,TAMRA,ISRAEL. MUNICIPAL AUTHOR,TAMARA,ISRAEL. KUPAT HOLIM CLIN,KIRYAT MOTZKIN,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST AGR,HADERA,ISRAEL. INST PASTEUR,TUNIS,TUNISIA. RP ElOn, J (reprint author), BEN GURION UNIV NEGEV,FAC HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,POB 653,IL-84105 BEER SHEVA,ISRAEL. FU PHS HHS [N01-A0-45184] NR 19 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 91 IS 5 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90011-0 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YD434 UT WOS:A1997YD43400010 PM 9463658 ER PT J AU Malakooti, MA Alaii, J Shanks, GD PhillipsHoward, PA AF Malakooti, MA Alaii, J Shanks, GD PhillipsHoward, PA TI Epidemic dysentery in western Kenya SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE dysentery; Shigella dysenteriae; epidemic; incidence; Kenya ID SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE; TYPE-1; OUTBREAK AB This paper describes the epidemiology of a probable Shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery epidemic in western Kenya. A retrospective record review over 2 years of all cases of dysentery, amoebiasis and diarrhoea was carried out in 13 healthcare facilities in the Rarieda Division of Nyanza province. Of the 3301 cases recorded, 2191 were dysentery, giving a cumulative 2 years incidence rate for dysentery of 4%. The epidemic began in December 1994 and peaked in February 1995, coinciding with the very dry season. One location in the area had an overall attack rate of 9.3%, double that of other locations. Highest rates were in children aged <5 years and in persons >15 years old. S. dysenteriae type 1, with its increasing multi-antibiotic resistance, is a continuing threat to the health of people in this region; this area may be suitable for intensive, prospective surveillance as a prelude to a Shigella vaccine trial. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. USA,MED RES UNIT,KISUMU,KENYA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. RP Malakooti, MA (reprint author), UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,A1040N,4301 JONES BRIDGE RD,BETHESDA,MD 20814, USA. RI Shanks, George Dennis/F-4056-2014 OI Shanks, George Dennis/0000-0001-5763-8660 NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 91 IS 5 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90018-3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YD434 UT WOS:A1997YD43400014 PM 9463662 ER PT J AU Nwanyanwu, OC Kumwenda, N Kazembe, PN Jemu, S Ziba, C Nkhoma, WC Redd, SC AF Nwanyanwu, OC Kumwenda, N Kazembe, PN Jemu, S Ziba, C Nkhoma, WC Redd, SC TI Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection among male employees of a sugar estate in Malawi SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; human immunodeficiency virus; prevalence; Malawi ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; THERAPY AB In sub-saharan Africa, where malaria is endemic and diagnostic and laboratory services are limited, fever is generally presumed to be due to malaria; however, the proportion of fevers actually related to malaria is unknown in most places. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between fever, malaria parasitaemia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Between February and April 1994, 643 consenting adult male workers of the Sugar Corporation of Malawi (SUCOMA) in Nchalo, Chikwawa District, Malawi were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Participants underwent routine physical examinations and data were collected on age, axillary temperature, and history of fever or other illness in the 2 weeks before enrolment. Patients with axillary temperature greater than or equal to 37.5 degrees C were considered to be febrile. Blood was collected and thick blood films were prepared and examined for the presence of malaria parasites. HIV testing was done using the Wellcozyme(R) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Complete information was obtained from 605 subjects (94%), of whom 248 (41%) reported a history of fever (only 15% of the fever reporters were parasitaemic), 139 (23%) were HIV positive, and 131 (22%) received an antimalarial drug. HIV infection was significantly associated with fever but not with parasitaemia. Fever reporters and non-fever reporters were of similar age (means 32.8 and 33.1 years, respectively). These data suggest that in this population there was both high HIV seroprevalence and gross overestimation of fever as malaria. High HIV prevalence makes it necessary to re-examine the common practice in Malawi of treating all fever among adults as malaria. C1 KAMUZU CENT HOSP,LILONGWE,MALAWI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Nwanyanwu, OC (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 1997 VL 91 IS 5 BP 567 EP 569 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90028-6 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA YD434 UT WOS:A1997YD43400021 PM 9463669 ER PT J AU Tobler, LH Kaufman, E Gefter, N Schable, C Busch, MP AF Tobler, LH Kaufman, E Gefter, N Schable, C Busch, MP TI Use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and 2 recombinant strip immunoblot assay to resolve enzyme immunoassay anti-HIV-2-repeatably reactive samples after anti-HIV-1/2 combination enzyme immunoassay screening SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-DONORS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND: With the implementation of combination human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1/2) antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in donor screening in 1992, the supplemental testing algorithm changed to require the use of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed HIV-1 Western blot (WB) or immunofluorescence assay, as well as an FDA-licensed HIV-2 EIA. When HIV-2 EIA-reactive specimens are identified, further testing to confirm HIV-2 infection is recommended. Currently, a licensed HIV-2 supplemental assay is not available. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The sensitivity of an HIV-1/2 recombinant strip immunoblot assay (SIA) for HIV-2 was determined on the basis of the analysis of 65 HIV-2-positive samples identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Anti-HIV-1/2 combination EIA-repeatably reactive (RR) specimens from seven blood centers and their affiliated hospitals were tested in parallel by HIV-1 WE and HIV-2 EIA. Anti-HIV-2 EIA-RR specimens were further tested by HIV-1/2 SIA. Specimens interpreted as positive for HIV-2 or HIV-1/2 were referred to the CDC for final resolution of antibody status. RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent (63/65) of known HIV-2-positive samples tested positive for HIV-2 only or HIV-1/2 on the HIV-1/2 SIA. A total of 1048 anti-HIV-1/2 combination-EIA-RR specimens were evaluated. Sixty-nine percent (75/109) of the WB-positive specimens were HIV-2 EIA-RR, while only 9 percent (84/939) of WB-indeterminate or WB-negative specimens tested HIV-2 EIA-RR. The HIV-1/2 SIA resolved 91 percent of HIV-2 EIA-RR samples as negative. Four HIV-2 EIA-RR specimens (all HIV-1 WB-positive) were classified as positive for HIV-I and HIV-2 in the HIV-1/2 SIA. Final interpretation of these specimens by CDC was that they were reactive for HIV-1 with cross-reactivity to HIV-2. CONCLUSION: No confirmed HIV-2-positive specimens were detected. The HIV-1/2 SIA is currently useful for resolving HIV-2 EIA-RR specimens. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CHIRON CORP,IMMUNODIAGNOST DEV,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEROL SECT,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,RES SERV,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. RP Tobler, LH (reprint author), IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SCI SERV,270 MASON AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 BP 921 EP 925 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37997454018.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW211 UT WOS:A1997XW21100008 PM 9308638 ER PT J AU AuBuchon, JP Birkmeyer, JD Alter, MJ AF AuBuchon, JP Birkmeyer, JD Alter, MJ TI Cost-effectiveness of specific, targeted HCV lookback programs. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,LEBANON,NH 03766. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S393 EP S393 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500392 ER PT J AU Boctor, F Dobroszycki, J Yoon, JJ Turett, G Sansary, J Padilla, S Choi, YJ Miller, J Linden, J Cable, R Herwaldt, B Wittner, M AF Boctor, F Dobroszycki, J Yoon, JJ Turett, G Sansary, J Padilla, S Choi, YJ Miller, J Linden, J Cable, R Herwaldt, B Wittner, M TI Multiple B-microti infections transmitted via one blood unit SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,BRONX,NY. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S226 EP S226 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500226 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Stramer, SL Lerma, JG Heneine, W AF Busch, MP Stramer, SL Lerma, JG Heneine, W TI Use of a PCR-amplified reverse transcriptase assay (Amp-RT) to rule out occult retrovirus infection in donors with positive HIV p24 antigen neutralization results. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. ARC NRLID,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S435 EP S435 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500434 ER PT J AU Busch, MP Rawal, BD Stramer, SL Satten, GA Janssen, RS AF Busch, MP Rawal, BD Stramer, SL Satten, GA Janssen, RS TI Estimation of HIV incidence in blood donors using a detuned anti-HIV EIA test strategy. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UCSF,IMBC,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARC NRLID,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S433 EP S433 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500432 ER PT J AU deOliveira, CF Diaz, RS Sullivan, M Jacobs, T Gwinn, M Busch, MP AF deOliveira, CF Diaz, RS Sullivan, M Jacobs, T Gwinn, M Busch, MP TI Surveillance of HIV-1 subtypes in US blood donors: 1994-1996. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,BR-04023 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UC SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RI Diaz, Ricardo/K-3978-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S388 EP S388 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500387 ER PT J AU Stramer, SL AberleGrasse, J Brodsky, JP Busch, MP Lackritz, EM AF Stramer, SL AberleGrasse, J Brodsky, JP Busch, MP Lackritz, EM TI US blood donor screening with p24 antigen (Ag); One year experience. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMER RED CROSS,ROCKVILLE,MD. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500001 ER PT J AU Sullivan, M Williams, A Guido, E Metler, R Schable, C Stramer, S AF Sullivan, M Williams, A Guido, E Metler, R Schable, C Stramer, S TI Detection and characterization of an HIV type 2 antibody positive blood donor in the US SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARC,BLOOD SERV,PHILADELPHIA,PA. ARC,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. ARC,BLOOD SERV,NATL REFERENCE LAB INFECT DIS,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S229 EP S229 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500229 ER PT J AU Sullivan, MT Schonberger, LB Kessler, D Williams, AE Dodd, RY AF Sullivan, MT Schonberger, LB Kessler, D Williams, AE Dodd, RY TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) investigational Lookback Study. SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1997 VL 37 IS 9 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XW275 UT WOS:A1997XW27500006 ER PT J AU Hickman, CJ Khan, AS Rota, PA Bellini, WJ AF Hickman, CJ Khan, AS Rota, PA Bellini, WJ TI Use of synthetic peptides to identify measles nucleoprotein T-cell epitopes in vaccinated and naturally infected humans SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; VIRUS NUCLEOPROTEIN; HELPER EPITOPES; WILD-TYPE; HLA-DR; RESPONSES; SPECIFICITY; MOLECULES AB Recombinant measles nucleoprotein (N) and synthetic peptides spanning the length of the N-protein-coding region were used with a proliferation assay to identify human T-cell epitopes in vaccinated and naturally infected adults. A number of epitopes were mapped to specific regions of the measles virus N The proliferative response of at least two donors was mediated by CD4(+) T cells in association with HLA DR antigens. Over 70% of all donors tested responded to peptides representing amino acids 271-290, 367-386, 400-420, and 483-502, suggesting that these peptides may be broadly recognized within an HLA diverse population. The most frequently recognized T-cell epitopes in both naturally infected and vaccinated donors were located in the genetically heterogeneous carboxy-terminal half of the N, Analysis of patterns of peptide reactivity among vaccinated and naturally infected subjects identified several regions of potential difference between these two groups. Peptides 221-240 and 237-256 were recognized among 100% of naturally infected donors but among only 37.5% of vaccinated donors and therefore may be of further interest in studies to investigate induction of lifelong versus transient immunity to measles. Use of chimeric molecules containing multiple well-characterized T- and B-cell epitopes or genetic alteration of attenuated vaccine virus to enhance critical T-cell responses may eventually lead to the development of a vaccine candidate that can more closely model the patterns of immune response elicited by wild-type virus. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DVRD,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Hickman, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DVRD,REVB,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MS C-22,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 235 IS 2 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8678 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA XV859 UT WOS:A1997XV85900023 PM 9281519 ER PT J AU Djavani, M Lukashevich, IS Sanchez, A Nichol, ST Salvato, MS AF Djavani, M Lukashevich, IS Sanchez, A Nichol, ST Salvato, MS TI Completion of the Lassa fever virus sequence and identification of a RING finger open reading frame at the L RNA 5' end SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; L-GENE ENCODES; ZINC-FINGER; PICHINDE ARENAVIRUS; S-RNA; INTERGENIC REGION; PROTEIN; POLYMERASE; REVEALS; DOMAIN AB Lassa (LAS) fever virus is a highly pathogenic arenavirus with large (L) and small (S) RNA genomic segments. The 5' end of the LAS L segment is described here, thereby completing the sequence of the most virulent arenavirus analyzed to date. In keeping with the ambisense gene structure of the arenaviruses, the LAS L RNA encodes a 250-kDa protein and an 11-kDa protein in opposite senses with respect to each other. The 11-kDa protein, defined previously in arenaviruses lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM), Tacaribe (TAC), and Pichinde (PIG), contains a RING type of zinc-binding structure. Expression of the 11-kDa protein in LAS virus-infected cells has been confirmed by binding to peptide-specific antibody. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. BELORUSSIAN EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL RES INST,MINSK,BYELARUS. FU PHS HHS [A132107] NR 26 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 1 PY 1997 VL 235 IS 2 BP 414 EP 418 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8722 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA XV859 UT WOS:A1997XV85900026 PM 9281522 ER PT J AU Spierto, FW Hannon, WH Gunter, EW Smith, SJ AF Spierto, FW Hannon, WH Gunter, EW Smith, SJ TI Stability of urine creatinine SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE creatinine; stability; urine; temperature; time AB The measurement of urinary creatinine is important in many situations, but perhaps most important when measuring the urinary content of substances other than creatinine. Because urine flow changes unpredictably during the day, but total creatinine output is generally constant, many investigators normalize their results to creatinine content (i.e. mg chromium/mg creatinine). Because the widespread use of creatinine levels make the reliability of their measurement important, we decided to test this by studying the effects of storage time and temperature on urine specimens obtained from 10 healthy adults. Our results showed that only prolonged storage time at high temperatures (30 days, 55 degrees C) could cause significant decreases in urine creatinine levels. When stored for 2 days at 55 degrees C the decrease in urine creatinine levels was < 3%. We conclude that in all but extreme cases urine creatinine is virtually unaffected by storage time and temperature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Spierto, FW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD AUG 29 PY 1997 VL 264 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0009-8981(97)00080-6 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XV115 UT WOS:A1997XV11500008 PM 9293380 ER PT J AU Weinstein, MR Litt, M Kertesz, DA Wyper, P Rose, D Coulter, M McGeer, A Facklam, R Ostach, C Willey, BM Borczyk, A Low, DE AF Weinstein, MR Litt, M Kertesz, DA Wyper, P Rose, D Coulter, M McGeer, A Facklam, R Ostach, C Willey, BM Borczyk, A Low, DE TI Invasive infections due to a fish pathogen, Streptococcus iniae SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID ENTEROCOCCUS-SERIOLICIDA; SP-NOV; MENINGITIS; SUIS; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; MASTITIS; CRITERIA; SYNONYM; STRAINS AB Background Streptococcus iniae is a pathogen in fish, capable of causing invasive disease and outbreaks in aquaculture farms. During the winter of 1995-1996 in the greater Toronto area there was a cluster of four cases of invasive S. iniae infection in people who had recently handled fresh, whole fish from such farms. Methods We conducted a prospective and retrospective community-based surveillance for cases of S. iniae infection in humans. To obtain a large sample of isolates, we studied cultures obtained from the surface of fish from aquaculture farms. Additional isolates were obtained from the brains of infected tilapia (oreochromis species). All the isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results During one year, our surveillance identified a total of nine patients with invasive S. iniae infection (cellulitis of the hand in eight and endocarditis in one). All the patients had handled live or freshly killed fish, and eight had percutaneous injuries. Six of the nine fish were tilapia, which are commonly used in Asian cooking. Thirteen additional S. iniae isolates (2 from humans and 11 from infected tilapia) were obtained from normally sterile sites. The isolates from the nine patients were indistinguishable by PFGE and were highly related to the other clinical isolates. There was substantial genetic diversity among the 42 surveillance isolates from the surface of fish, but in 10 isolates the PFGE patterns were identical to those from the patients with S. iniae infection. Conclusions S. iniae can produce invasive infection after skin injuries during the handling of fresh fish grown by aquaculture. We identified a clone of S. iniae that causes invasive disease in both humans and fish. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 MT SINAI HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X5,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT MED,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. SCARBOROUGH GRACE HOSP,SCARBOROUGH,ON,CANADA. PRINCESS MARGARET HOSPS,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. CITY SCARBOROUGH PUBL HLTH DEPT,SCARBOROUGH,ON,CANADA. PUBL HLTH LAB,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 37 TC 162 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 7 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 28 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 9 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1056/NEJM199708283370902 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XT394 UT WOS:A1997XT39400002 PM 9271480 ER PT J AU Rutherford, K Hersman, J Kozlowski, A Giannone, P AF Rutherford, K Hersman, J Kozlowski, A Giannone, P TI Landmine-related injuries, 1993-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 724-726, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 AMER REFUGEE COMM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CARE INT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,INT EMERGENCY & REFUGEE HLTH PROGRAM,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rutherford, K (reprint author), LANDMINES SURVIVORS NETWORK,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 8 BP 621 EP 621 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR547 UT WOS:A1997XR54700013 ER PT J AU Snider, DE AF Snider, DE TI Patient consent for publication and the health of the public SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS RP Snider, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP D-50,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 8 BP 624 EP 626 DI 10.1001/jama.278.8.624 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR547 UT WOS:A1997XR54700017 PM 9272883 ER PT J AU Branche, CM Conn, JM Annest, JL AF Branche, CM Conn, JM Annest, JL TI Personal watercraft-related injuries - A growing public health concern SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID JET-SKI ACCIDENT AB Context.-An increase in the recreational use of personal watercraft (PWC) raises concern about an increase in associated injuries on a national level. Objective.-To estimate the relative frequency, types of injury, and demographic features of persons injured while using PWC in the United States. Design.-Case series. Setting.-Emergency department (ED) visits to hospitals participating a national probability sample. Participants.-All persons treated for PWC-related injury from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1995. Results.-An estimated 32 954 persons (95% confidence interval [CI], 22919-42 989) with PWC-related injuries were treated in US hospital EDs, of which 3.5% were hospitalized. Personal watercraft-related injuries have increased significantly from an estimated 2860 in 1990 to more than 12 000 in 1995. During this period, the number of PWC in operation increased 3-fold from approximately 241 500 in 1990 to an estimated 760 000 in 1995. The most prevalent diagnoses were lacerations, contusions, and fractures. Main Outcome Measures.-The estimated number and percentage of patients treated in EDs for PWC-related injuries, by year, age, sex, and the number and rate per 1000 of PWC in operation by year. Conclusions.-Since 1990, there has been at least a 4-fold increase in injuries associated with an increase in the recreational use of PWC. The rate of ED-treated injuries related to PWC was about 8.5 times higher (95% CI, 8.2-8.8; 1992 data) than the rate of those from motorboats. Specific training and adult supervision is recommended for miners using PWC. Furthermore, medical practitioners should encourage personal flotation device use and other protection for their patients who are known water enthusiasts. RP Branche, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 27 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 8 BP 663 EP 665 DI 10.1001/jama.278.8.663 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR547 UT WOS:A1997XR54700040 PM 9272899 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Relationship between medical genetics and public health: Changing the paradigm of disease prevention and the definition of a genetic disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENOME PROJECT RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TASK FORCE GENET DIS PREVENT,MAILSTOP F49,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 22 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 3 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970822)71:3<289::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-P PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XN685 UT WOS:A1997XN68500008 PM 9268098 ER PT J AU Jason, J Larned, J AF Jason, J Larned, J TI Single-cell cytokine profiles in normal humans: comparison of flow cytometric reagents and stimulation protocols SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; cytokine; intracellular immunofluorescence; T lymphocyte ID GAMMA-PRODUCING CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS; T-CELLS; MEMBRANE; BLOOD; INTERLEUKIN-4; HETEROGENEITY; LYMPHOCYTES; SAPONIN AB Cytokines are produced and function at a micro environmental level; intracellular assessment has only recently become practically feasible. We used 3-color flow cytometry to examine surface and cytoplasmic antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 18 normal donors, assessing the applicability/comparability of various directly conjugated anti-human cytokine reagents and stimulation protocols using separated cells or whole blood preparations. Interdonor variability far exceeded variability due to reagent or stimulation and separation techniques. Based on all results with various reagents, post 4-5.5 h stimulation with PHA/PMA/ionomycin, the range of the percents of T lymphocytes producing various cytokines included: gamma-IFN-13.2-65.0%, IL-2-10.0-56.7%, and TNF-alpha-17.1-79.2%. Compared to CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells more often expressed IL-2 (mean 45.7% of CD4+ vs. 21.4% of CD8+, p < 0.0001), less often expressed gamma-IFN (18.5% vs. 55.3%, p < 0.0001), and did not differ in TNF-alpha expression (52.9% vs. 59.4%). Of T cells producing gamma-IFN, 64.8-100.0% also produced TNF-alpha and 3.5-100.0%. IL-2. Of T cells producing IL-2, 6.0-63.9% also produced gamma-IFN and 37.6-100.0%, TNF-alpha. These results demonstrate the broad spectrum of cytokine patterns in normal human adults, as well as the usefulness and limitations of various currently available cytokine products. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,IMMUNOL BRANCH,DIV AIDS,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD AUG 22 PY 1997 VL 207 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(97)00079-3 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA XX333 UT WOS:A1997XX33300002 PM 9328582 ER PT J AU Pritchett, R Gossman, C Radke, V Moore, J Busenlehner, E Fischer, K Doerr, K Winkler, C FranklinThomsen, M Fiander, J Crowley, J Peoples, E Bremby, L Southard, J Appleton, L Bowers, D Lipsman, J Callaway, H Lawrence, D Gardner, R Cunanan, B Snaman, R Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Mismas, M York, T Pearson, J Lacey, C Purvis, J Curtis, N Mallet, K Thompson, R Portesi, D Dwyer, DM Fletcher, M Levy, M Lawford, T Sabat, M Kahn, M AF Pritchett, R Gossman, C Radke, V Moore, J Busenlehner, E Fischer, K Doerr, K Winkler, C FranklinThomsen, M Fiander, J Crowley, J Peoples, E Bremby, L Southard, J Appleton, L Bowers, D Lipsman, J Callaway, H Lawrence, D Gardner, R Cunanan, B Snaman, R Rullan, J Miller, G Henderson, S Mismas, M York, T Pearson, J Lacey, C Purvis, J Curtis, N Mallet, K Thompson, R Portesi, D Dwyer, DM Fletcher, M Levy, M Lawford, T Sabat, M Kahn, M TI Outbreak of cyclosporiasis - Northern Virginia, Washington, DC, Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 689-691, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FAIRFAX DEPT HLTH,FAIRFAX,VA. ARLINGTON DEPT HLTH,ARLINGTON,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. COMMONWEALTH VIRGINIA,DIV CONSOLIDATED SERV,RICHMOND,VA. MONGOMERY CTY HLTH DEPT,ROCKVILLE,MD. BALTIMORE CTY DEPT HLTH,TOWSON,MD. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. DIST COLUMBIA DEPT HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,US FDA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,ATLANTA,GA. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. RP Pritchett, R (reprint author), ALEXANDRIA DEPT HLTH,ALEXANDRIA,VA, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 538 EP 539 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600009 ER PT J AU Padian, N Glass, S AF Padian, N Glass, S TI Transmission of HIV possibly associated with exposure of mucous membrane to contaminated blood (MMWR, vol 46, pg 620-623, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SALIVA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HIV LAB INVEST BR,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HIV,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Padian, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 539 EP 541 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600010 ER PT J AU delRio, C Edupuganti, S Cassoobhoy, M Taylor, T Ricaurte, F Mogielnicki, RP Soufleris, A Allen, L Beville, J Moore, W AF delRio, C Edupuganti, S Cassoobhoy, M Taylor, T Ricaurte, F Mogielnicki, RP Soufleris, A Allen, L Beville, J Moore, W TI Malaria in an immigrant and travelers - Georgia, Vermont, and Tennessee, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 536-539, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,WHITE RIVER JCT,VT. UNIV TENNESSEE,COLL MED,INFECT DIS SECT,CHATTANOOGA,TN. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,SE REG,CHATTANOOGA,TN. TENNESSE DEPT HLTH,COMMUNICABLE & ENVIRONM DIS SERV,NASHVILLE,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA SECT,EPIDEMIOL BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING PROPOSED,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP delRio, C (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 541 EP 542 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600011 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Steenland, K AF Calvert, GM Steenland, K TI Occupational exposure to silica and end-stage renal disease - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 547 EP 547 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600019 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR Schaffer, DA Chaffin, DJ AF Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR Schaffer, DA Chaffin, DJ TI Platelet transfusion reaction due to Yersinia enterocolitica SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600027 PM 9268274 ER PT J AU Ray, P Black, S Shinefield, H Dillon, A Schwalbe, J Holmes, S Hadler, S Chen, R Cochi, S Wassilak, S AF Ray, P Black, S Shinefield, H Dillon, A Schwalbe, J Holmes, S Hadler, S Chen, R Cochi, S Wassilak, S TI Risk of chronic arthropathy among women after rubella vaccination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PROLONGED ARTHRITIS; JOINT REACTIONS; PREGNANCY; IMMUNIZATION; ASSOCIATION; VIREMIA AB Context.-A review by the institute of Medicine found a possible relationship between rubella vaccination and chronic arthritis among women. Objective.-To evaluate the risk of persistent joint and neurologic symptoms in rubella seronegative women subsequently vaccinated with RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. Design.-Retrospective cohort study based on computerized laboratory data and medical record review. Records were reviewed for symptoms occurring within 2 years before and after the date of serological testing and to identify vaccinees. Possible cases were evaluated by a rheumatologist blinded to serological findings and vaccination status. Setting.-Large health maintenance organization in northern California. Patients.-Women aged 15 to 59 years serotested for rubella during 1990 with continuous health plan membership for 2 years before and after the date of their serological test. Seronegative women immunized within 1 year of serotesting (n=971) were defined as exposed. Primary comparison groups included all unvaccinated, seronegative women (n=924) and randomly selected, seropositive, unvaccinated women (n=2421) matched to exposed subjects on serological test date and age (+/-3 years). Main Outcome Measures.-Prevalence and incidence of chronic joint and neurologic symptoms during 1-year follow-up period stratified by age and serological findings, immunization, and postpartum status. Results.-No significantly increased risk was associated with receipt of rubella vaccine for any outcome except for prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in vaccinated women at least 30 years old compared with seropositive, unvaccinated women (2.9% vs 1.4%; P=.03), A total of 34 women had onset of conditions within the 1-year follow-up period; 9 of these were in the group of seronegative, immunized women, of whom 6 had onset of symptoms within 6 weeks of vaccination. Among these 6 women, symptoms included transient arthritis or arthralgias (6 weeks duration) in 4 women, arthralgia of indeterminate chronicity in 1 woman, and carpal tunnel syndrome in 1 woman. Postpartum women across all groups were less likely to be seen for nontraumatic arthropathies than nonpostpartum women (4.5% vs 7.2%, P=.08 in vaccinated women; 4.8% vs 8.1%, P=.09 in seronegative controls; and 4.8% vs 10.0%, P=.01 in seropositive controls). Conclusions.-In this large retrospective cohort analysis there was no evidence of any increased risk of new onset chronic arthropathies or neurologic conditions in women receiving the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. These data support the continued vaccination of rubella-susceptible women to reduce the risk of congenital rubella syndrome. C1 NO CALIF KAISER PERMANENTE VACCINE STUDY CTR,OAKLAND,CA. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA 23501. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1001/jama.278.7.551 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600028 PM 9268275 ER PT J AU Beller, M Ellis, A Lee, SH Drebot, MA Jenkerson, SA Funk, E Sobsey, MD Simmons, OD Monroe, SS Ando, T Noel, J Petric, M Middaugh, JP Spika, JS AF Beller, M Ellis, A Lee, SH Drebot, MA Jenkerson, SA Funk, E Sobsey, MD Simmons, OD Monroe, SS Ando, T Noel, J Petric, M Middaugh, JP Spika, JS TI Outbreak of viral gastroenteritis due to a contaminated well - International consequences SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; SRSV GASTROENTERITIS; WATER-SYSTEM; CRUISE SHIP; ABOARD; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Context.-Small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) are known to cause viral gastroenteritis, but until now have not been confirmed in the implicated Vehicle in outbreaks. Objective.-Investigation of a gastroenteritis outbreak. Design.-After applying epidemiologic methods to locate the outbreak source, we conducted environmental and laboratory investigations to elucidate the cause. Setting.-Tourists traveling by bus through Alaska and the Yukon Territory of Canada. Participants.-Staff of a restaurant at a business complex implicated as the outbreak source, convenience sample of persons on buses that had stopped there, and bus employees. Main Outcome Measures.-Odds ratios (ORs) for illness associated with exposures. Water samples from the restaurant and stool specimens from tourists and restaurant staff were examined by nucleic acid amplification using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of viral amplification products. Results.-The itineraries of groups of tourists manifesting vomiting or diarrhea were traced back to a restaurant where buses had stopped 33 to 36 hours previously, Water consumption was associated with illness (OR, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-12.6). Eighteen of 26 employees of the business complex were ill; although not the index case, an employee ill shortly before the outbreak lived in a building connected to a septic pit, which was found to contaminate the well supplying the restaurant's water, Genotype 2/P2B SRSV was identified in stool specimens of 2 tourists and 1 restaurant employee. Stools and water samples yielded identical amplification product sequences. Conclusions.-The investigation documented SRSVs in a vehicle epidemiologically linked to a gastroenteritis outbreak. The findings demonstrate the power of molecular detection and identification and underscore the importance of fundamental public health practices such as restaurant inspection, assurance of a safe water supply, and disease surveillance. C1 LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,BUR DIS SURVEILLANCE & FIELD EPIDEMIOL,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. NATL CTR ENTEROVIRUSES,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI & ENGN,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. HOSP SICK CHILDREN,DEPT MICROBIOL,VIROL LAB,TORONTO,ON M5G 1X8,CANADA. LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,BUR INFECT DIS,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. RP Beller, M (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,POB 240249,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 39 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 20 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 7 BP 563 EP 568 DI 10.1001/jama.278.7.563 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XQ986 UT WOS:A1997XQ98600030 PM 9268277 ER PT J AU Addiss, DG Beach, MJ Streit, TG Lutwick, S LeConte, FH Lafontant, JG Hightower, AW Lammie, PJ AF Addiss, DG Beach, MJ Streit, TG Lutwick, S LeConte, FH Lafontant, JG Hightower, AW Lammie, PJ TI Randomised placebo-controlled comparison of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in Haitian children SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES INFECTIONS; HIGH-DOSE IVERMECTIN; TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; FILARIASIS; EFFICACY; HOOKWORM; RECIFE; BRAZIL; GROWTH AB Background Lymphatic filariasis and intestinal helminth infections are important disorders in tropical areas. Periodic treatment with albendazole is now used in many school-based intestinal helminth-control programmes. However, few such programmes exist for lymphatic filariasis, despite evidence that single-dose treatment with ivermectin can greatly reduce the concentration of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in the blood for months to years. We aimed to assess the potential for school-based control of lymphatic filariasis by investigating the efficacy and tolerability of combined ivermectin and albendazole in Haitian schoolchiidren. Methods in January, 1996, we collected 832 20 mu L capillary blood samples for inclusion in a randomised controlled study from children aged 5-11 years, and examined them by microscopy for W bancrofti microfilariae. Infected children were randomly assigned treatment with placebo (n=29), a single 200-400 mu g/kg dose of ivermectin (mean, 273 mu g/kg, n=28), 400 mg albendazole (n=29), or a combination of 200-400 mu g/kg ivermectin and 400 mg albendazole (n=24). Children with high concentrations of microfilariae in the blood were admitted to hospital and adverse reactions were monitored for 3-5 days, otherwise children were examined at school or during a visit to their home. 4 months after treatment, we examined blood samples again for microfilariae. Findings 113 microfilaraemic children were enrolled (mean age 7.8 years). 4 months after treatment, the proportion of children who remained positive for microfilariae was significantly lower in the ivermectin plus albendazole group (four [17%]), but there were no significant changes in the other three groups (20 [69%] placebo, 22 [76%] albendazole alone, 17 [61%] ivermectin alone remained positive; p=0004). Geometric mean microfilarial concentration decreased from 9.3 to 5.3 per 20 mu L blood among children who received placebo; from 15.5 to 1.5 per 20 mu L blood among those who received ivermectin only (p=0.032); from 14.1 to 5.1 per 20 mu L blood among those who received albendazole alone; and from 13.7 to 0.3 per 20 mu L blood among those who received both ivermectin and albendazole (p=0.0001). Systemic adverse reactions did not differ significantly between the four groups. Interpretation For children with W bancrofti microfilaraemia, combined treatment with ivermectin and albendazole was more effective than treatment with ivermectin only, with no measurable increase in severity of adverse reactions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PARASITOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. MAIMONIDES HOSP,BROOKLYN,NY 11219. HOP ST CROIX,LEOGANE,HAITI. RP Addiss, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-22,4700 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 16 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9076 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02231-9 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR135 UT WOS:A1997XR13500010 PM 9274584 ER PT J AU Pearson, ML Abrutyn, E AF Pearson, ML Abrutyn, E TI Reducing the risk for catheter-related infections: A new strategy SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LUMEN SUBCLAVIAN CATHETERS; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; SINGLE-LUMEN; TRIPLE; PREVENTION; TRIAL C1 ALLEGHENY UNIV HLTH SCI,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-69,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 127 IS 4 BP 304 EP 306 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XR266 UT WOS:A1997XR26600010 PM 9265431 ER PT J AU Schleicher, RL Hunter, SB Zhang, M Zheng, M Tan, WX Bandea, CI Fallon, MT Bostwick, DG Varma, VA AF Schleicher, RL Hunter, SB Zhang, M Zheng, M Tan, WX Bandea, CI Fallon, MT Bostwick, DG Varma, VA TI Neurofilament heavy chain-like messenger RNA and protein are present in benign prostate and down-regulated in prostatic carcinoma SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; SUBUNIT; CANCER; GENE; EXPRESSION; ONCOGENES AB Differences in gene expression between benign and malignant human prostate specimens were investigated using the differential display technique, RNA samples from paired benign and malignant areas microdissectcd from opposite sides of the same prostate gland were used for reverse transcription PCR. A 477-bp band was identified that was consistently present in benign prostate but absent or diminished in intensity in malignant tissue. This band was cloned, and the sequence demonstrated 99% identity with a region in the fourth exon of the human neurofilament heavy chain gene (NF-H). Northern blotting with a cDNA probe derived from this band confirmed the presence of a similarly sized message of approximately 3.9 kb in both prostate and brain, and reverse transcription PCR using primers specific to an upstream region of exon 4 confirmed NF-H-like mRNA expression in benign prostatic tissue. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody NF-H showed a positive reaction in benign prostatic epithelial cells but complete absence of staining in prostatic cancer cells. These data demonstrate the presence of a NF-H-like gene product in normal prostatic epithelial cells that is down-regulated or absent in prostatic carcinomas. C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAYO CLIN,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 57 IS 16 BP 3532 EP 3536 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XQ995 UT WOS:A1997XQ99500039 PM 9270025 ER PT J AU Rosner, E Willis, V Lambert, R Latzanich, G Ponsell, P AF Rosner, E Willis, V Lambert, R Latzanich, G Ponsell, P TI CD4(+) T-cell testing practices as implications for training SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE laboratory practices; AIDS; training needs; safety; quality assurance ID HIV-1 AB As new diseases and new testing methods emerge, clinical laboratories are faced with updating the skills of their personnel, Complex techniques, such as flow cytometry, require both education and experience to achieve a high level of proficiency. One of the ways to determine areas in which training is needed is to assess laboratory practices and compare them with practices recommended in guidelines or by panels of experts, In this paper we describe practices reported in a written survey of 206 laboratories that perform CD4(+) T-cell counts (CD4), We provided a list of alternate practices for each of the key steps in the testing process and asked participants to select the practices they use in their laboratories, Published guidelines and interviews with knowledgeable ''key informants'' and focus groups of people who perform CD4 testing were used to formulate the questions, We interpreted variations from recommended practices as indicaters of training needs, Other factors that can affect performance, such as workload, supervision, and resources, were satisfactory to the respondents, A response rate of 73% (247 of 337 laboratories) revealed that laboratories followed most of the recommended practices. Notable exceptions included some areas of quality control and quality assurance and safety, This paper also describes flow cytometry testing as it was practiced in 1993 shortly after release of some of the testing guidelines and provides a baseline of practices for that time frame. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,COLL EDUC,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV FLORIDA,MED CTR,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32209. RP Rosner, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 4 BP 181 EP 185 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XU009 UT WOS:A1997XU00900004 PM 9298836 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ AF Sun, DZ TI El Nino: A coupled response to radiative heating? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MODEL; ENSO AB The very existence of El Nino - the oscillatory behavior of the tropical Pacific climate - may be due to the warmth of the tropics (relative to the coldness of the high latitudes). This is elucidated by subjecting a mathematical model for the coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere system to a varying radiative heating. The temperature of the deep ocean is kept fixed. In response to an increasing radiative heating, the coupled system first experiences a pitch-fork bifurcation that breaks the zonal symmetry imposed by the solar radiation. The resulting zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients increase with increases in the radiative heating. When the zonal SST gradients exceed a critical value, a Hopf bifurcation takes place which brings the system to an oscillatory state, a state that closely resembles the observed tropical Pacific climate. Further increases in the radiative heating result in increases in the magnitude of the oscillation. The results shed new light on the physics of Fl Nino and suggest that climate change due to anthropogenic forcing may occur through the same dynamic modes that sustain natural variability. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA,CIRES,CDC,CU,CLIMAT DIAGNOST CTR,CAMPUS BOX 119,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 16 BP 2031 EP 2034 DI 10.1029/97GL01960 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA XR464 UT WOS:A1997XR46400017 ER PT J AU Young, N Shaffer, N Chaowanachan, T Rapier, J Kittinunvorakoon, C Suksaweang, S Rayfield, M Kalish, ML Mastro, TD AF Young, N Shaffer, N Chaowanachan, T Rapier, J Kittinunvorakoon, C Suksaweang, S Rayfield, M Kalish, ML Mastro, TD TI Modified Amplicor HIV-1 polymerase chain reaction assay in Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST PUBL HLTH,HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG 15 PY 1997 VL 15 IS 5 BP 391 EP 392 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YC364 UT WOS:A1997YC36400011 PM 9342261 ER PT J AU Lene, B Grymes, J AF Lene, B Grymes, J TI Heat-related deaths - Dallas, Wichita, and Cooke Counties, Texas, and United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 528-531, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL WEATHER SERV,FORECAST OFF,FT WORTH,TX. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SO REG CLIMATE CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. CDC,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,SURVEILLANCE & PROGRAMS BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Lene, B (reprint author), SW INST FORENS SCI,DALLAS,TX, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 6 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XP243 UT WOS:A1997XP24300011 ER PT J AU Cooper, GR AF Cooper, GR TI Individual vs laboratory variation in blood lipid values: Updating the literature - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID EDUCATION-PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS; SERUM-LIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL RP Cooper, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 13 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 6 BP 478 EP 478 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XP243 UT WOS:A1997XP24300027 ER PT J AU Marston, BJ Plouffe, JF File, TM Hackman, BA Salstrom, SJ Lipman, HB Kolczak, MS Breiman, RF AF Marston, BJ Plouffe, JF File, TM Hackman, BA Salstrom, SJ Lipman, HB Kolczak, MS Breiman, RF TI Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization - Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; PNEUMOCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; URINARY ANTIGEN; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SPUTUM CULTURE; DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; COUNTY AB Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death due to infectious diseases in the United States; however, the incidence of most infections causing community-acquired pneumonia in adults is not well defined. Methods: We evaluated all adults, residing in 2 counties in Ohio, who were hospitalized in 1991 because of community-acquired pneumonia. Information about risk factors, symptoms, and outcome was collected through interview and medical chart review. Serum samples were collected from consenting individuals during the acute and convalescent phases, and specific etiologic diagnoses were assigned based on results of bacteriologic and immunologic tests. Results: The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in the study counties in 1991 was 266.8 per 100 000 population; the overall case-fatality rate was 8.8%. Pneumonia incidence was higher among blacks than whites (337.7/100 000 vs 253.9/100 000; P<.001), was higher among males than females (291.4 vs 244.8; P<.001), and increased with age (91.6/100 000 for persons aged <45 years, 277.2/100 000 for persons aged 45-64 years, and 1012.3/100 000 for persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years; P<.001). Extrapolation from study incidence data showed the projected annual number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in the United States to be 485 000. These data provide previously unavailable estimates of the annual number of cases that are due to Legionella species (8000-18 000), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (18 700-108 000), and Chlamydia pneumoniae (5890-49 700). Conclusions: These data provide information about the importance of community-acquired pneumonia and the relative and overall impact of specific causes of pneumonia. The study provides a basis for choosing optimal empiric pneumonia therapy, and allows interventions for prevention of pneumonia to be targeted at groups at greatest risk for serious illness and death. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DIV INFECT DIS,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. SUMMA HLTH SYST,INFECT DIS SECT,AKRON,OH. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Marston, BJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP C-23,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 46 TC 433 Z9 447 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 11 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 15 BP 1709 EP 1718 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XP058 UT WOS:A1997XP05800013 PM 9250232 ER PT J AU Tenberg, M Davis, B Smith, D Levy, C England, B Koehler, B Tanda, D Pape, J Hoffman, R Fulgham, R Joe, B Cheek, J AF Tenberg, M Davis, B Smith, D Levy, C England, B Koehler, B Tanda, D Pape, J Hoffman, R Fulgham, R Joe, B Cheek, J TI Fatal human plague - Arizona and Colorado, 1996 (Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol 46, pg 617-620, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. DELTA CTY HLTH DEPT,DELTA,CO 81416. COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO 80222. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INDIAN HLTH SERV,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BR,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Tenberg, M (reprint author), COCONIO CTY HLTH DEPT,FLAGSTAFF,AZ 86001, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 380 EP 382 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800012 ER PT J AU Torok, TJ Tauxe, RV Wise, RP Livengood, JR Sokolow, R Mauvais, S Birkness, KA Skeels, MR Horan, JM Foster, LR AF Torok, TJ Tauxe, RV Wise, RP Livengood, JR Sokolow, R Mauvais, S Birkness, KA Skeels, MR Horan, JM Foster, LR TI A large community outbreak of salmonellosis caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Context.-This large outbreak of foodborne disease highlights the challenge of investigating outbreaks caused by intentional contamination and demonstrates the vulnerability of self-service foods to intentional contamination. Objective.-To investigate a large community outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections. Design.-Epidemiologic investigation of patients with Salmonella gastroenteritis and possible exposures in The Dalles, Oregon. Cohort and case-control investigations were conducted among groups of restaurant patrons and employees to identify exposures associated with illness. Setting.-A community in Oregon. Outbreak period was September and October 1984. Patients.-A total of 751 persons with Salmonella gastroenteritis associated with eating or working at area restaurants. Most patients were identified through passive surveillance; active surveillance was conducted for selected groups. A case was defined either by clinical criteria or by a stool culture yielding S Typhimurium. Results.-The outbreak occurred in 2 waves, September 9 through 18 and September 19 through October 10. Most cases were associated with 10 restaurants, and epidemiologic studies of customers at 4 restaurants and of employees at all 10 restaurants implicated eating from salad bars as the major risk factor for infection. Eight (80%) of 10 affected restaurants compared with only 3 (11%) of the 28 other restaurants in The Dalles operated salad bars (relative risk, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-22.7; P<.001). The implicated food items on the salad bars differed from one restaurant to another. The investigation did not identify any water supply, food item, supplier, or distributor common to all affected restaurants, nor were employees exposed to any single common source. In some instances, infected employees may have contributed to the spread of illness by inadvertently contaminating foods. However, no evidence was found linking ill employees to initiation of the outbreak. Errors in food rotation and inadequate refrigeration on ice-chilled salad bars may have facilitated growth of the S Typhimurium but could not have caused the outbreak. A subsequent criminal investigation revealed that members of a religious commune had deliberately contaminated the salad bars. An S Typhimurium strain found in a laboratory at the commune was indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. Conclusions.-This outbreak of salmonellosis was caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars by members of a religious commune. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. RP Torok, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP G-17,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 317 Z9 331 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 389 EP 395 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.389 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800030 PM 9244330 ER PT J AU Kolavic, SA Kimura, A Simons, SL Slutsker, L Barth, S AF Kolavic, SA Kimura, A Simons, SL Slutsker, L Barth, S TI An outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SONNEI AB Context.-Shigella dysenteriae type 2 is rare in the United States, and outbreaks associated with this pathogen are uncommon. Objective.-To determine the magnitude and source of an outbreak of S dysenteriae type 2. Design.-Retrospective cohort. Setting.-Laboratory of a large medical center. Patients.-Case patients were identified as laboratory workers who had diarrhea on or after October 28 and a positive stool culture or temperature greater than 37.8 degrees C. Laboratory workers with diarrhea only were probable case patients. Main Outcome Measures.-We interviewed laboratory staff and performed identification, serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on isolates from case patients, implicated food, and laboratory stock culture. Results.-From October 29 through November 1, a total of 12 (27%) of 45 laboratory staff developed severe, acute diarrheal illness; 8 had S dysenteriae isolated from stool and 4 were hospitalized. All case patients reported having eaten muffins or doughnuts placed in the staff break room on October 29. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed stool isolates from 9 case patients were indistinguishable from S dysenteriae type 2 recovered from an uneaten muffin and from the laboratory's stock strain, a portion of which was missing. Conclusions.-The source of the outbreak was most likely the laboratory's stock culture, which was used to contaminate the pastries. Results of this investigation underscore the need for adequate precautions to prevent inadvertent or intentional contamination from highly pathogenic laboratory specimens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,AUSTIN,TX 78756. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR CHRON DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,STATE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DALLAS CTY HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DALLAS,TX. NR 18 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 396 EP 398 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.396 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800031 PM 9244331 ER PT J AU Shapiro, RL Hatheway, C Becher, J Swerdlow, DL AF Shapiro, RL Hatheway, C Becher, J Swerdlow, DL TI Botulism surveillance and emergency response - A public health strategy for a global challenge SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Shapiro, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 6 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5 BP 433 EP 435 DI 10.1001/jama.278.5.433 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN518 UT WOS:A1997XN51800038 PM 9244338 ER PT J AU Waxweiler, RJ AF Waxweiler, RJ TI The role of the emergency department in creating a safe America SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE injury; violence; prevention; surveillance; emergency department ID INJURY RP Waxweiler, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL, CHAMBLEE, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1069-6563 EI 1553-2712 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 4 IS 8 BP 761 EP 763 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03780.x PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA XP939 UT WOS:A1997XP93900001 PM 9262691 ER PT J AU Skjeldestad, FE AF Skjeldestad, FE TI How effectively do copper intrauterine devices prevent ectopic pregnancy? SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE case-control study; contraceptive efficacy; copper intrauterine devices; ectopic pregnancy ID CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; MODE; IUDS AB Objective. To assess the risk of ectopic pregnancy when using copper intrauterine devices relative to non-use of contraception and female sterilization. Design. Case-control study. Material and Methods. All cases diagnosed with a histologically verified extrauterine pregnancy and who became spontaneously pregnant in one Norwegian county from January 1, 1987 through to December 31, 1990 were eligible. Non-pregnant control women were chosen at random from the Norwegian Population Registry. Eligible for study were sexually active women, from 20 to 39 years of age, and who defined themselves as fecund. Included in the final analyses were 168 cases and 1,169 controls, who had all been previously pregnant. Statistical methods. Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression. Results. Compared with non-users of contraception, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) among current users of copper intrauterine devices was 0.09 (95% confidence intervals (CI); 0.06-0.13). Compared with women who were sterilized, the aOR of having an ectopic pregnancy among current copper IUD users was 1.6 (95% CI; 0.7-3.5). Conclusion. Relative to non-users of contraception, current copper IUD users had a 91% (95% CI; 87-94%) protection against ectopic pregnancy, while compared with women who had had a tubal sterilization, current copper IUD users had a 60% non-significant increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Skjeldestad, FE (reprint author), UNIV TRONDHEIM HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,N-7006 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 684 EP 690 DI 10.3109/00016349709024611 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XR275 UT WOS:A1997XR27500013 PM 9292645 ER PT J AU Skjeldestad, FE Gargiullo, PM Kendrick, JS AF Skjeldestad, FE Gargiullo, PM Kendrick, JS TI Multiple induced abortions as risk factor for ectopic pregnancy - A prospective study SO ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE ectopic pregnancy; multiple induced abortions; risk factors AB Objective. To assess the risk of ectopic pregnancy by the number of previous induced abortions. Design. Prospective cohort study. Methods. Three thousand seven hundred and fifty-four women, 39 years old or younger, living permanently in one Norwegian county, who had had at least one induced abortion between January 1, 1987 and December 31, 1992, at the University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway were followed prospectively for histologically verified ectopic pregnancies until December 31, 1993. Exposure time was measured from the most recent induced abortion (index abortion) until the ectopic pregnancy closure date, or the subject's 40th birthday. Statistical analyses were done in SAS applying survival analyses and poisson regression. Results. During the follow-up period of 164,167 women-months, we observed 24 ectopic pregnancies in 3,754 women. The adjusted incidence density ratio (aIDR) for women who had had two or more induced abortions was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5-3.1) in comparison with the reference group of women who had had one induced abortion, Measuring exposure as increasing number of consecutive induced abortions, no dose-response to ectopic pregnancy was found between two consecutive (aIDR 0.9) and three or more consecutive abortions (aIDR 1.1) in comparison with the reference group. Conclusion. In our setting, no excess risk of ectopic pregnancy was associated with multiple previous induced abortions compared with one previous induced abortion. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Skjeldestad, FE (reprint author), UNIV TRONDHEIM HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,N-7006 TRONDHEIM,NORWAY. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6349 J9 ACTA OBSTET GYN SCAN JI Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 76 IS 7 BP 691 EP 696 DI 10.3109/00016349709024612 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XR275 UT WOS:A1997XR27500014 PM 9292646 ER PT J AU Sumartojo, E Carey, JW Doll, LS Gayle, H AF Sumartojo, E Carey, JW Doll, LS Gayle, H TI Targeted and general population interventions for HIV prevention: Towards a comprehensive approach SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV; HIV prevention; HIV risk behavior ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; 2 DIVISIVE ISSUES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; AIDS-PREVENTION; NATIONAL SURVEY; RISK BEHAVIOR; HEALTH-EDUCATION; CONDOM USE; IMPACT; WOMEN RP Sumartojo, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BEHAV INTERVENT RES BRANCH MS E37,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 125 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1201 EP 1209 DI 10.1097/00002030-199710000-00002 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XN075 UT WOS:A1997XN07500002 PM 9256937 ER PT J AU Styrt, BA Chaisson, RE Moore, RD AF Styrt, BA Chaisson, RE Moore, RD TI Prior antimicrobials and staphylococcal bacteremia in HIV-infected patients SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 15-18, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA DE chemoprophylaxis; rifabutin; Staphylococcus ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; RIFABUTIN PROPHYLAXIS; BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; NEGLECTED PATHOGENS; AUREUS ENDOCARDITIS; DRUG-USERS; AIDS; TUBERCULOSIS; CIPROFLOXACIN AB Objective: Many drugs used for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in AIDS also have activity against common bacteria. This study was performed to delineate relationships between prior use of antimicrobials and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Design: To compare prior exposure to selected antimicrobial drugs in patients who had S. aureus bacteremia and in controls who did not, a nested case-control study was conducted within a cohort of HIV-infected persons followed in an outpatient clinic. Methods: Using a computerized database based on HIV clinic records, 48 cases with S. aureus bacteremia were compared against 188 controls selected from patients with CD4 cell counts < 200 x10(6)/l. Information on demographic risk factors and antimicrobial drug use was analysed using conditional logistic regression. Results: Injecting drug use was strongly associated with S. aureus bacteremia. Rifabutin use was associated with decreased risk of S. aureus bacteremia [conditional relative risk (RR) 0.308, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.096-0.991] in univariate analysis, near statistical significance in multivariate analysis (RR 0.314, 95% CI 0.096-1.023). The bacteremias were not significantly associated with use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, newer macrolides (azithromycin and clarithromycin), clindamycin or dapsone. Conclusions: Rifabutin may be associated with diminished risk of S. aureus bacteremia incidental to use for other purposes in HIV infection. Further study is needed to assess effects on microbial resistance. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Styrt, BA (reprint author), US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,OFF EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,5600 FISHERS LANE,HFD-530,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. FU AHRQ HHS [R01-HS0780902] NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 10 BP 1243 EP 1248 DI 10.1097/00002030-199710000-00007 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XN075 UT WOS:A1997XN07500007 PM 9256942 ER PT J AU Kalichman, SC Greenberg, J Abel, GG AF Kalichman, SC Greenberg, J Abel, GG TI HIV-seropositive men who engage in high-risk sexual behaviour: Psychological characteristics and implications for prevention SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SENSATION SEEKING; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY MEN; AIDS; RELIABILITY; INFECTION; VALIDITY; COUPLES; SCALE AB A minority of people who test HIV seropositive continue to engage in sexual behaviour that places their partners at high risk for HIV infection. However, little is known about factors that contribute to sexual risk behaviour among HIV-seropositive men. In this study, HIV-seropositive men participating in substance abuse support groups and HIV prevention programmes (n = 223) completed measures of demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour history, sensation-seeking (the propensity to seek optimal stimulation), and sexual compulsivity (persistent sexual preoccupations). Twenty-six per cent of the sample reported having recent multiple unprotected sexual intercourse partners. Across support group and prevention programme participants, men with multiple unprotected partners reported greater sexual compulsivity than men with one or no unprotected partners, but groups did not differ in terms of sensation-seeking. Results suggest that intensive therapeutic interventions are needed for a relatively small number of people who may contribute significantly to the HIV epidemic. C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,CTR AIDS INTERVENT RES,MILWAUKEE,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BEHAV MED INST,ATLANTA,GA. RP Kalichman, SC (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,UNIV PLAZA,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH48286, R01 MH53780, P30 MH52776] NR 42 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD AUG PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 441 EP 450 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA XP042 UT WOS:A1997XP04200007 PM 9337888 ER PT J AU Piltingsrud, HV AF Piltingsrud, HV TI A field deployable gas chromatograph mass spectrometer for industrial hygiene applications SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GC/MS; gas chromatography; mass spectrometer; portable ID COLUMN AB To study the feasibility and efficacy of field gas chromatograph/mass spectrometers (GC/MS), the National institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted laboratory and field testing of a commercial transportable GC/MS. That unit was reengineered and reconstructed by NIOSH as a more portable GC/MS (can be moved, set up, and operated by one person), incorporating novel weight and size-reducing vacuum technology. Further laboratory and field tests were then accomplished. This NIOSH-developed vacuum technology has proven important in reducing the size and weight of the GC/MS by up to 50%, making it much more suitable for field use. Experience has shown that for a large class of survey situations involving monitoring of components of complex mixtures of vapors and gases field use of GC/MS can be very useful. RP Piltingsrud, HV (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US PHS,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 58 IS 8 BP 564 EP 577 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0564:AFDGCS>2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM636 UT WOS:A1997XM63600005 PM 9248030 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI ELPAT Program Report: Background and current status (April 1997) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS-R8,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 58 IS 8 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM636 UT WOS:A1997XM63600012 ER PT J AU StLawrence, JS Ndiaye, SM AF StLawrence, JS Ndiaye, SM TI Prevention research in rural communities: Overview and concluding comments SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National-Institute-of-Mental-Health (NIMH) Workshop on Mental Health Prevention Science in Rural Communities and Contexts CY SEP 14-15, 1995 CL ROCKVILLE, MD SP NIMH DE rural; rural research ID RISK AB This paper provides an overview of the challenges that confront researchers in rural settings, synthesizing the manuscripts in this special issue of The American Journal of Community Psychology. Researchers typically focus on issues of research design, measurement, and data analyses. However when applied research is conducted in rural settings, greater time and attention are required to identify how the research can be conducted successfully. In this overview of the challenges that confront researchers in rural contexts, qualitative differences between rural and urban environments are described with particular attention to their implications for the conduct of rural research. Finally, theoretical and research topics that can better inform future rural research efforts are disucssed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0091-0562 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 545 EP 562 DI 10.1023/A:1024663723437 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA YB167 UT WOS:A1997YB16700007 PM 9338958 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Williamson, DF Liu, SM AF Ford, ES Williamson, DF Liu, SM TI Weight change and diabetes incidence: Findings from a national cohort of US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body weight; cohort studies; diabetes mellitus; obesity; risk factors; weight gain ID GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; FAT DISTRIBUTION; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; OBESITY; MELLITUS; MEN; PREVALENCE; INFORMATION; MORTALITY AB To examine how long-term patterns of weight change affect the risk for diabetes, especially non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the authors examined the relation of weight change over a period of about 10 years (from the baseline examination in 1971-1975 until the first follow-up examination in 1982-1984) to the 9-year incidence of diabetes mellitus (1984-1992) in a national cohort of 8,545 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Followup Study. Diabetes incidence was identified from death certificates, hospitalization and nursing home records, and self-report, In this cohort, 487 participants developed diabetes, The hazard ratios were 2,11 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-3.18) for participants who gained 5-<8 kg, 1.19 (95% CI 0.75-1.89) for participants who gained 8-<11 kg, 2.57 (95% CI 1.84-3.85) for participants who gained 11-<20 kg, and 3.85 (95% CI 2.04-7.22) for participants who gained 20 kg or move compared with participants whose weights remained relatively stable, The authors found no evidence that the results differed by age, sex, or race, They estimated that the population attributable risk was 27% for weight increases of 5 kg or more. Results from this study and other recent studies suggest that the increase in body mass index in the United States that occurred during the 1980s may portend an increase in the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with important public health consequences in future years. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 38 TC 313 Z9 324 U1 0 U2 7 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 3 BP 214 EP 222 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XN539 UT WOS:A1997XN53900002 PM 9247005 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Cnattingius, S Hoffman, HJ Kramer, MS Haglund, B AF MacDorman, MF Cnattingius, S Hoffman, HJ Kramer, MS Haglund, B TI Sudden infant death syndrome and smoking in the United States and Sweden SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; smoking; sudden infant death ID MATERNAL SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; AGE; VALIDATION; PREGNANCY; QUALITY AB The association between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and maternal smoking was compared between the United States and Sweden-two countries with different health care and social support programs and degrees of sociocultural heterogeneity. For 1990-1991 among the five US race/ethnic groups studied, SIDS rates ranged from a high of 3.0 infant deaths per 1,000 live births for American Indians to a low of 0.8 for Hispanics and Asian and Pacific Islanders, The SIDS rate for Sweden (using 1983-1992 data) was 0.9. The strong association between maternal smoking and SIDS persisted after controlling for maternal age and live birth order. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.6 to 2.5 for mothers who smoked 1-9 cigarettes per day during pregnancy (compared with nonsmokers) and from 2.3 to 3.8 for mothers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day during pregnancy. Although birth weight had a strong independent effect on SIDS, the addition of birth weight to the models lowered the odds ratios for maternal smoking only slightly, suggesting that the effect of smoking on SIDS is not mediated through birth weight. SIDS rates increased with the amount smoked for all US race/ethnic groups and for Sweden, Smoking is one of the most important preventable risk factors for SIDS, and smoking prevention/intervention programs have the potential to substantially lower SIDS rates in the United States and Sweden and presumably elsewhere as well. C1 UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT SOCIAL MED,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NIDOCD,EPIDEMIOL STAT & DATA SYST BRANCH,NIH,ROCKVILLE,MD. MCGILL UNIV,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,MONTREAL,PQ,CANADA. NATL BOARD HLTH & WELF,CTR EPIDEMIOL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 28 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XN539 UT WOS:A1997XN53900006 PM 9247009 ER PT J AU Hagberg, M Christiani, D Courtney, TK Halperin, W Leamon, TB Smith, TJ AF Hagberg, M Christiani, D Courtney, TK Halperin, W Leamon, TB Smith, TJ TI Conceptual and definitional issues in occupational injury epidemiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Methodological Challenges to the Study of Occupational Injury CY JUN 10-11, 1996 CL HOPKINTON, MA DE accidents; biomechanics; human engineering; occupational health; prevention; public health; terminology; work-related injury ID DISORDERS AB This paper presents several models that further define the concept of occupational injury. While traditional models have proved successful in isolating specific reseal ch questions and health phenomena, the conceptual model presented permits a broader view of all injury morbidity. This model is based on both the level and frequency of energy transfers. A process model of occupational injury is also presented ro describe the basic pathophysiological relationships associated with tissue effects/damage and recovery/repair. Numerous tradeoffs exist in variable selection, and a third model explores some of these tradeoffs. Differences in terminology and fundamental principles call limit the progress of occupational injury research. Accordingly, an argument is made for consolidation and consensus of terms. Finally, considerations for research are suggested, with an emphasis on the severity of the injury, the risk ratio, and the population at risk. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. LIBERTY MUTUAL RES CTR SAFETY & HLTH,HOPKINTON,MA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Hagberg, M (reprint author), NATL INST WORKING LIFE,DEPT ERGON,S-17184 SOLNA,SWEDEN. RI Courtney, Theodore/J-8902-2013 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 106 EP 115 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199708)32:2<106::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-X PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG883 UT WOS:A1997XG88300002 PM 9215433 ER PT J AU Kraus, JF Gardner, L Collins, J Sorock, G Volinn, E AF Kraus, JF Gardner, L Collins, J Sorock, G Volinn, E TI Design factors in epidemiologic cohort studies of work-related low back injury or pain SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Methodological Challenges to the Study of Occupational Injury CY JUN 10-11, 1996 CL HOPKINTON, MA DE cohort studies; back pain; workplace; injury; methodology ID DISABILITY; INDUSTRY; QUEBEC; MODELS; CLAIMS AB The connection between work-related exposures and the onset of back injury or pain is complex and not clearly understood. This paper raises design issues related to the planning and conduct of cohort studies of industrial low back pain (or injury)(LBP), with care given to definition and measurement of exposure and outcome events. These issues include sample size, outcome definition, study biases, and practical considerations when seeking and maintaining company collaboration with a research effort. Without resolving these issues, the authors conclude: (1) cohort studies of worksite-based LBP are needed to elucidate the causal associations between work tasks and LBP onset, (2) both acute and cumulative exposures should be assessed as risk factors for low back injury or pain, and (3) attention should be paid to the planning of such studies and minimization of potential biases that can limit the validity of the results. These design issues will benefit researchers and companies engaged in the planning and conduct of cohort studies of industrial LBP. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDC,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV. LIBERTY MUTUAL RES CTR SAFETY & HLTH,HOPKINTON,MA. RP Kraus, JF (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SO CALIF INJURY PREVENT RES CTR,76-078 CHS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG883 UT WOS:A1997XG88300006 PM 9215437 ER PT J AU Zwerling, C Daltroy, LH Fine, LJ Johnston, JJ Melius, J Silverstein, BA AF Zwerling, C Daltroy, LH Fine, LJ Johnston, JJ Melius, J Silverstein, BA TI Design and conduct of occupational injury intervention studies: A review of evaluation strategies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Methodological Challenges to the Study of Occupational Injury CY JUN 10-11, 1996 CL HOPKINTON, MA DE injury; intervention; evaluation; occupational; methodology ID LOW-BACK INJURY; ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION; IMPACT; SAFETY; PAIN; INDUSTRY; PROGRAM; HEALTH; WORK AB Occupational injuries continue to exact a great toll on American workers and their employers-the physical and financial costs are enormous. However, in the current political climate, few employers or regulatory agencies will implement injury prevention interventions without specific evidence of their effectiveness. This paper reviews the literature on the design, conduct, and evaluation of occupational injury interventions. Our review suggests that randomized controlled trials are rare and also notes that the quasi-experimental studies in the literature often use the weakest designs. We recommend a hierarchical approach to evaluating occupational injury interventions-beginning with qualitative studies, following up with simple quasi-experimental designs using historical controls, continuing with more elaborate quasi-experimental designs comparing different firms' experience, and, when necessary, implementing randomized controlled trials. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NEW YORK STATE LABORERS HLTH & SAFETY TRUST FUND,NEW YORK,NY. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT LABOR & IND,SAFETY & HLTH ASSESSMENT & RES PREVENT SHARP PROG,MORGANTOWN,WA 98504. RP Zwerling, C (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,INJURY PREVENT RES CTR,134 AMRF,OAKDALE CAMPUS,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [K01 OH00150]; PHS HHS [U02 CCU 308771, R49 CCR 703640] NR 105 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199708)32:2<164::AID-AJIM7>3.3.CO;2-H PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG883 UT WOS:A1997XG88300007 PM 9215438 ER PT J AU Uvin, SC Anderson, D Parekh, B AF Uvin, SC Anderson, D Parekh, B TI Human immunodeficiency virus-1 shedding in the genital tract of a female long-term nonprogressor without detectable plasma human immunodeficiency virus ribonucleic acid SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AIDS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Uvin, SC (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,MIRIAM HOSP,164 SUMMIT AVE,PROVIDENCE,RI 02906, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 33215]; PHS HHS [U641CCU106795] NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 177 IS 2 BP 490 EP 490 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XU865 UT WOS:A1997XU86500082 PM 9290492 ER PT J AU Davis, H Schoendorf, KC Gergen, PJ Moore, RM AF Davis, H Schoendorf, KC Gergen, PJ Moore, RM TI National trends in the mortality of children with sickle cell disease, 1968 through 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL PRESENTATION; ORAL PENICILLIN; ANEMIA; PROPHYLAXIS; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SURVIVAL AB Objectives. This paper describes national trends in mortality of children with sickle cell disease and the settings in which death occurred. Methods. United States death certificate data from 1968 through 1992 were used to calculate mortality rates of Black children with sickle cell disease 1 to 14 pears old. Deaths from trauma, congenital anomalies, and perinatal conditions were excluded. Results. Between 1968 and 1992, mortality rates of Black children with sickle cell disease decreased 41% for 1- to 4-year-olds, 47% for 5- to 9-year-olds, and 53% for 10- to 14-year-olds. During 1986 through 1992, children who died before hospital admission accounted for 41% of deaths among 1- to 4-year-olds, 27% among 5- to 9-year-olds, and 12% among 10- to 14-year-olds. Conclusions. Survival of Black children with sickle cell disease has improved markedly since 1968. A substantial proportion of deaths continue to occur prior to hospital admission. Trends in sickle cell mortality can be monitored inexpensively with death-certificate data. C1 US DEPT HHS,OFF INT & REFUGEE HLTH,OFF SECRETARY,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,INFANT & CHILD HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NIAID,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1317 EP 1322 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.8.1317 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR786 UT WOS:A1997XR78600009 PM 9279267 ER PT J AU Gaudino, JA BlackmorePrince, C Yip, R Rochat, RW AF Gaudino, JA BlackmorePrince, C Yip, R Rochat, RW TI Quality assessment of fetal death records in Georgia: A method for improvement SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; GESTATIONAL-AGE; INFANT-MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH; CERTIFICATES; PRETERM AB Objectives. Although more fetal deaths than neonatal deaths occur, routinely collected fetal death data are seldom used for perinatal epidemiologic research because of data quality concerns. We developed a strategy for identifying and correcting errors in birthweight and gestational age in fetal death records. Methods. Using data from Georgia for 1989 and 1990, we detected singleton fetal death records having improbable or missing birthweight or gestational age by comparing these values with referent values. To verify the questionable values. we contacted 100 reporting hospitals in 1992. Results. In 817 of 2226 records, values were either improbable (60.1%) or missing (39.9%). We were able to contact the hospitals to verify data for 716 (88%) of these records. Verification resulted in corrections to 405 (57%) records, and 48% of unreported birthweights were obtained. Conclusions. Many errors in recorded gestational age and birthweight were identified by this method. Rather than deleting or imputing problem data for analyses, researchers should consider efforts to verify them. Efforts to improve this information should include improved reporting, strict quality assurance, and procedures for routine verification and correction of records. C1 CDC,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF PERINATAL EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Gaudino, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREGNANCY & INFANT HLTH BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1323 EP 1327 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.8.1323 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR786 UT WOS:A1997XR78600010 PM 9279268 ER PT J AU Layton, MC Henning, KJ Alexander, TA Gooding, AL Reid, C Heyman, BM Leung, J Gilmore, DM Frieden, TR AF Layton, MC Henning, KJ Alexander, TA Gooding, AL Reid, C Heyman, BM Leung, J Gilmore, DM Frieden, TR TI Universal radiographic screening for tuberculosis among inmates upon admission to jail SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID YORK-CITY; PRISON; INFECTION; ASSOCIATION; FACILITY; HIV-1 AB Objectives. This study evaluated the efficacy of radiographic screening for tuberculosis in correctional facilities. Methods. Inmates at an admission facility in New York, NY, were screened for tuberculosis by registry cross-match, symptom interviews, tuberculin testing, and chest radiography. Results. Thirty-two cases of tuberculosis were detected among 4172 inmate admissions (767 cases per 100 000). Twenty-five inmates (78%) were previously diagnosed but incompletely treated; all were identified by registry cross-match. Seven inmates (22%) were newly diagnosed, of whom four (57%) were asymptomatic, had negative skin tests, and were detected only by their abnormal radiographs. Conclusions. Screening strategies that limit radiographic testing to inmates with either positive skin tests or symptoms may result in missed opportunities for diagnosing active tuberculosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. ST VINCENTS MED CTR,PRISON HLTH SERV,NEW YORK,NY. BUR TB CONTROL,NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. RP Layton, MC (reprint author), BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS,NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,125 WORTH ST,ROOM 300,BOX 22A,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1335 EP 1337 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.8.1335 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR786 UT WOS:A1997XR78600012 PM 9279270 ER PT J AU Whelan, EA Piacitelli, GM Gerwel, B Schnorr, TM Mueller, CA Gittleman, J Matte, TD AF Whelan, EA Piacitelli, GM Gerwel, B Schnorr, TM Mueller, CA Gittleman, J Matte, TD TI Elevated blood lead levels in children of construction workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE; ABSORPTION; CHILDHOOD; NHANES AB Objectives. This study examined whether children of lead-exposed construction workers had higher blood lead levels than neighborhood control children. Methods. Twenty-nine construction workers were identified from the New Jersey Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) registry. Eighteen control families were referred by workers. Venous blood samples were collected from 50 children (31 exposed, 19 control subjects) under age 6. Results. Twenty-six percent of workers' children had blood lead levels at or over the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention action level of 0.48 mu mol/L (10 mu g/dL), compared with 5% of control children (unadjusted odds ratio = 6/1; 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 147.2). Conclusions. Children of construction workers may be at risk for excessive lead exposure. Health care providers should assess parental occupation as a possible pathway for lead exposure of young children. C1 NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,OCCUPAT DIS & INJURY SERV,TRENTON,NJ. ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI INST,PISCATAWAY,NJ. RP Whelan, EA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1352 EP 1355 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.8.1352 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR786 UT WOS:A1997XR78600017 PM 9279275 ER PT J AU Wells, CD Zuber, PLF Nolan, CM Binkin, NJ Goldberg, SV AF Wells, CD Zuber, PLF Nolan, CM Binkin, NJ Goldberg, SV TI Tuberculosis prevention among foreign-born persons in Seattle King County, Washington SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADULTS AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of classified immigrant and refugee (I&R) screening and of contact investigation (CI) of foreign-born TB cases in Seattle-King County (SKC), Washington. We reviewed I&R evaluations from the SKC TB clinic for 1992-1994 and contact evaluation records for 54 randomly selected U.S.-born and foreign-born pulmonary TB patients from 1993. Among 942 I&R evaluated, 693 (74%) had positive tuberculin skin tests (TST). Preventive therapy (PT) was prescribed for 324 (34%) and treatment for 49 (5%). The remaining 377 were dismissed, of whom 96% did not meet American Thoracic Society PT criteria. Contacts of foreign-born cases were more numerous (6.0 versus 3.4 per case, p = 0.04), and significantly more likely to be TST-positive (50% versus 18%) and to be started on PT (40% versus 23%). The large number of I&R eligible for treatment or PT emphasizes the benefit of prompt evaluation of new arrivals. CI provides an excellent opportunity to screen foreign-born persons at high risk for active TB. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,TB CONTROL PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 156 IS 2 BP 573 EP 577 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA XR408 UT WOS:A1997XR40800034 PM 9279242 ER PT J AU Segurado, AAC Malaque, CMS Sumita, LM Pannuti, CS Lal, RB AF Segurado, AAC Malaque, CMS Sumita, LM Pannuti, CS Lal, RB TI Laboratory characterization of human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) infections in blood donors from Sao Paulo, Brazil SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY; GUAYMI INDIANS; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE AB Serologic screening for human T cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection in blood donors has been recently introduced in Brazil. Analysis of 351,639 blood donations in Sao Paulo from January 1992 to October 1993 identified 1,063 positive (0.30%) and 2,238 indeterminate (0.63%) samples based on serologic confirmation using a 21e Western blot. A detailed analysis (serologic, molecular, and virologic), based on a laboratory diagnostic algorithm for characterization of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections was undertaken in 50 seropositive or seroindeterminate blood donors. Modified serologic assays (2.3 Western blot that incorporate type-specific recombinant peptides) performed in 29 HTLV-1/2 positive and 21 HTLV-1/2 indeterminate donors with the 21e Western blot identified 25 as infected with HTLV-1, four with HTLV-2, five with untypable HTLV-1/2, 15 as HTLV-1/2 indeterminate, and one as seronegative. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using DNA amplification of proviral pol and tax sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells confirmed HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections in all 2.3 Western blot seropositive donors; of the five serologically untypable donors, three were confirmed to be HTLV-1 positive, one HTLV-2 positive, and one negative by PCR. All of the seroindeterminate donors were also negative by PCR. Furthermore, HTLV-1 could be isolated in cocultures from 10 of 18 infected donors. Cell lines developed from two HTLV-l-infected donors were of T cell phenotype (CD2(+), CD3(+)), exhibiting surface markers of activated CD4 cells (CD4(+) CD25(+) HLA-DR+). Thus, we provide evidence for the high seroprevalence of HTLV infection in blood donor population in Sao Paulo, Brazil compared with North American donors and propose a comprehensive serologic and genotypic diagnostic algorithm for HTLV-infected donors that has strong implications for counseling of these individuals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Segurado, AAC (reprint author), UNIV SAO PAULO,SCH MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,VIROL LAB LIM 52,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Pannuti, Claudio/B-7649-2012; Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036 NR 45 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 142 EP 148 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XT635 UT WOS:A1997XT63500005 PM 9288805 ER PT J AU Amano, Y Rumbea, J Knobloch, J Olson, J Kron, M AF Amano, Y Rumbea, J Knobloch, J Olson, J Kron, M TI Bartonellosis in Ecuador: Serosurvey and current status of cutaneous verrucous disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANGIOMATOSIS; AGENT AB Human bartonellosis is a classically biphasic disease caused by infection with the alpha-2 Proteobacteria Bartonella bacilliformis, which is phylogenetically related to the etiologic agents of cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and trench fever. In Ecuador, typical bartonellosis has remained endemic for the past century in highland provinces near the Peruvian border. During the past six years, public health officials have noted an increasing number of atypical cases in which monophasic verrucous cutaneous disease is the only clinical manifestation. Epidemiologic, immunologic, histopathologic, and molecular biological studies have confirmed the presence of sporadic, atypical bartonellosis in residents of the lowland province of Manabi, where archeologic evidence exists of bartonellosis in pre-Colombian times. Between 1987 and 1995, 11 cases of cutaneous bartonellosis were investigated and serologic studies were done on 224 persons from five villages, two lowland and three highland. In the lowland village of Pajan in the province of Manabi, there was a 21% seropositivity proportion in contacts of index cases. These combined data suggest that bartonellosis is significantly under-reported due to the existence of mild clinical disease, possibly associated with less virulent bacterial strains, which are now disseminating or re-emerging in previously disease-free areas. C1 UNIV GUAYAQUIL,NATL CTR TROP MED,GUAYAQUIL,ECUADOR. UNIV TUBINGEN,INST TROP MED,TUBINGEN,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DIV INFECT DIS,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP Amano, Y (reprint author), NATL INST HYG & TROP MED,GUAYAQUIL,ECUADOR. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10119] NR 12 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 57 IS 2 BP 174 EP 179 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XT635 UT WOS:A1997XT63500012 PM 9288812 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Webb, RM Jochimsen, EM Hancock, GA Arduino, MJ Hand, S Currier, M Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Webb, RM Jochimsen, EM Hancock, GA Arduino, MJ Hand, S Currier, M Jarvis, WR TI Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections among patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy traced to breaks in infection control and possible extrinsic contamination by propofol SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; GROWTH; EMULSION; RISK AB Infectious complications associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are extremely unusual. When five of nine patients undergoing ECT at one facility on June 20, 1996 developed Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI), an investigation was initiated. A retrospective cohort study, a procedure review, and observational and microbiologic studies were performed. A case was defined as any patient who had ECT at Facility A from June 1, 1995 through June 20, 1996 and developed S. aureus BSI <30 days after ECT. The post-ECT S. aureus BSI rate was significantly greater on the epidemic day than the pre-epidemic period, (i.e., June 1, 1995 through June 19, 1996) (5 of 9 vs 0 of 54 patients, P < 0.001). All patients during the study period received propofol before ECT. Case patients were more likely than noncase patients to hate higher maximum temperature after ECT (median 103.9 degrees F vs 100.0 degrees F, P < 0.03) and a greater time from preparation of intravenous medications to infusion (median 2.1 vs 1.1 h, P = 0.01). All case-patient S. aureus isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Our investigation suggests that the ECT-associated S, aureus BSIs were associated with infection control breaks, which possibly led to the extrinsic contamination of propofol. Prevention of propofol-associated infectious complications requires aseptic preparation and use immediately before infusion. C1 MISSISSIPPI DEPT HLTH,JACKSON,MS. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US PHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 85 IS 2 BP 420 EP 425 DI 10.1097/00000539-199708000-00031 PG 6 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA XP077 UT WOS:A1997XP07700031 PM 9249124 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Pieniazek, NJ Arrowood, MJ AF Eberhard, ML Pieniazek, NJ Arrowood, MJ TI Laboratory diagnosis of Cyclospora infections SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMANS AB The laboratory diagnosis of newly recognized infectious agents, such as Cyclospora cayetanensis, is frequently problematic because appropriate diagnostic techniques and algorithms are not available. The methods currently available for diagnosis of Cyclospora are described and compared, including concentration procedures, examination of wet preparations, various staining techniques, and the use of molecular-based assays. Because of the autofluorescent properties of the oocysts, particular attention is drawn to the role of fluorescent microscopy in providing a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive technique for diagnosis of Cyclospora infections in stool samples. In addition to text descriptions, photomicrographs are provided to illustrate Cyclospora oocysts in wet and stained preparations and compare them with Cryptosporidium and Isospora oocysts, the other two most common coccidian infections in man. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS F13,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US DEPT HHS,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 121 IS 8 BP 792 EP 797 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XR791 UT WOS:A1997XR79100004 PM 9278606 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Vernon, SD Lee, DR Miller, DL Sharma, S Clancy, KA Hart, CE Reeves, WC AF Unger, ER Vernon, SD Lee, DR Miller, DL Sharma, S Clancy, KA Hart, CE Reeves, WC TI Human papillomavirus type in anal epithelial lesions is influenced by human immunodeficiency virus SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HIV-INFECTION; CANCER; DYSPLASIA; ASSOCIATION; WOMEN; DISEASE; DNA AB Background and Objective.-Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated genital neoplasia. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients also have higher rates of treatment failure and more rapid neoplastic progression. Impaired immune function does not entirely explain these clinical observations. This pilot project was designed to investigate the hypothesis that HIV infection is associated with changes in HPV type and integration within anogenital lesions that could explain the increased risk of neoplastic progression. Methods.--Anal neoplastic lesions from patients with and without HIV infection were analyzed for the presence, type, and integration status of HPV by colorimetric in situ hybridization. Tissue localization of HIV was evaluated by p24 immunohistochemistry and HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction. Results for matched histology were compared for the two patient groups. Results.--For all lesions, the presence of high-risk HPV types and multiple HPV types was strongly associated with HIV infection (P = .003 and .0003, respectively). For lesions with matched histology there was no association of HPV integration with HIV status. Tissue localization of HIV did not significantly influence HPV type or integration. Conclusions.--The presence of high-risk HPV types and multiple types within low-grade lesions may explain the increased risk of neoplastic progression in HIV patients. Colocalization of HIV and HPV does not appear to be required for this effect. There is no evidence that HPV integration is influenced by HIV infection. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MSG18,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 121 IS 8 BP 820 EP 824 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XR791 UT WOS:A1997XR79100007 PM 9278609 ER PT J AU Burt, FJ Swanepoel, R Shieh, WJ Smith, JF Leman, PA Greer, PW Coffield, LM Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Zaki, SR AF Burt, FJ Swanepoel, R Shieh, WJ Smith, JF Leman, PA Greer, PW Coffield, LM Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Zaki, SR TI Immunohistochemical and in situ localization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in human tissues and implications for CCHF pathogenesis SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; CLINICAL-FEATURES; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; CRNA; DNA AB Background.--Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, and eastern Europe, and that is caused by a recently emerged bunyavirus. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of CCHF infection is essential and is currently performed by virus isolation and serology. Histopathologic studies have been limited to a small number of cases, and little is known about the cellular tropism of CCHF virus and the pathogenesis of this disease. Design.--We conducted a retrospective case analysis of 12 patients with a diagnosis of CCHF infection, confirmed by virus isolation, who were evaluated at the Special Pathogens Unit, National institute for Virology, South Africa. The clinicopathologic features of CCHF and the diagnostic role of virus isolation as compared with serology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization were evaluated. Additionally, the distribution of CCHF virus in human tissues was examined. Results.--The clinical and histopathologic features of CCHF resemble those of other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Of the 12 patients with virus isolation-confirmed CCHF infection, 5 were positive by serology, 10 by immunohistochemistry, and 5 by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses showed that the mononuclear phagocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes are main targets of infection. Association of parenchymal necrosis in liver with viral infection suggests that cell damage may be mediated by a direct viral cytopathic effect. Conclusions.--The diagnosis of CCHF, suspected by history and clinical features, can be supported histopathologically. However, since the pathologic features resemble those of other viral hemorrhagic fevers, an unequivocal diagnosis can be made only by laboratory tests. The utility of immunohistochemistry as a sensitive and rapid diagnostic modality was established by the high degree of concordance with virus isolation. Infection of mononuclear phagocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CCHF. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFECT DIS PATHOL ACT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WITWATERSRAND,DEPT VIROL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. NATL INST VIROL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV VIROL,FT DETRICK,MD 21702. NR 25 TC 95 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 121 IS 8 BP 839 EP 846 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XR791 UT WOS:A1997XR79100010 PM 9278612 ER PT J AU daSilva, AJ BornayLlinares, FJ delaPuente, CD Moura, H Peralta, JM Sobottka, I Schwartz, DA Visvesvara, GS Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ AF daSilva, AJ BornayLlinares, FJ delaPuente, CD Moura, H Peralta, JM Sobottka, I Schwartz, DA Visvesvara, GS Slemenda, SB Pieniazek, NJ TI Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi (microsporidia) infections by polymerase chain reaction in stool samples using primers based on the region coding for small-subunit ribosomal RNA SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IN-VITRO CULTURE; PATIENT; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIMENS; DIARRHEA; SPORES; BIOPSY; PCR AB Objective.--Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most prevalent microsporidian causing chronic diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The current methods used for routine diagnosis of infections caused by microsporidia are based on microscopic detection of the microorganism spores in stained smears. We evaluated the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique as a tool to diagnose Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections, using the species-specific diagnostic primer pair EBIEF1/EBIER1 on stool samples that were also analyzed by optical microscopy. Design.--To perform PCR in such samples, we developed a novel protocol to obtain DNA free of PCR inhibitors. This protocol was based on disruption of spores using glass beads and overnight digestion with proteinase K; final purification was accomplished with the RapidPrep Micro Genomic DNA Isolation Kit for Cells and Tissues (Pharmacia Biotech Inc, Piscataway, NJ). We also evaluated this approach on aliquots of a sample fixed in formalin from 1 to 10 days. Patients and Samples.--We evaluated the PCR technique on 64 stool samples obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had persistent chronic diarrhea. Patients were from Spain, Brazil, Germany, and the United States. Results.--Using this approach, we could confirm the presence of E bieneusi in all 17 positive samples; no false-positive results were observed. We could also amplify E bieneusi DNA in 10 aliquots of one sample fixed up to 10 days in 10% formalin. Conclusion.--We conclude that PCR technology is very suitable for species identification of microsporidia in stool samples and may have a potential application in prospective studies in formalin-fixed samples. C1 UNIV ALICANTE,DEPT GENET & MICROBIOL,E-03080 ALICANTE,SPAIN. HOSP VERGE DELS LLIRIS,MICROBIOL LAB,ALICANTE,SPAIN. UNIV SAN PABLO CEU,FAC CIENCIAS EXPT & TECN,SECC PARASITOL,MADRID,SPAIN. HOSP EVANDRO CHAGAS,FIOCRUZ,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV ESTADO RIO DE JANEIRO,FAC CIENCIAS MED,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV HAMBURG,KRANKENHAUS EPPENDORF,INST MIKROBIOL & IMMUNOL,D-2000 HAMBURG,GERMANY. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP daSilva, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL & DIAGNOST BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PHS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 121 IS 8 BP 874 EP 879 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XR791 UT WOS:A1997XR79100016 PM 9278618 ER PT J AU Moura, H Schwartz, DA BornayLlinares, F Sodre, FC Wallace, S Visvesvara, GS AF Moura, H Schwartz, DA BornayLlinares, F Sodre, FC Wallace, S Visvesvara, GS TI A new and improved ''quick-hot gram-chromotrope'' technique that differentially stains microsporidian spores in clinical samples, including paraffin-embedded tissue sections SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; INFECTED PATIENTS; STOOL; SPECIMENS; DIARRHEA; DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE AB Objective.--This report describes a new and improved ''quick-hot Gram-chromotrope'' staining technique that detects microsporidian spores in clinical specimens, such as stool, urine, saliva, nasopharyngeal fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples, as well as in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Design.--In this procedure, the samples are stained in heated (50 degrees C to 55 degrees C) solutions of crystal violet and iodine used in Gram's stain, followed by a modified chromotrope solution (heated to 50 degrees C to 55 degrees C). The modified stain is composed of chromotrope 2R (1%), fast green (0.15%), and phosphotungstic acid (0.25%). Results.--With this stain and the new protocol, microsporidian spares are stained dark violet against a pale green background, and the total staining time is shortened to 5 minutes. Conclusions.--This new technique is fast, reliable, and simple. It can be easily adapted for use in clinical laboratories. C1 UNIV ESTADO RIO DE JANEIRO,FAC CIENCIAS MED,DPL,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. HOSP EVANDRO CHAGAS,INST OSWALDO CRUZ,FIOCRUZ,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. HOSP VERGE DELS LLIRIS,MICROBIOL LAB,ALCOY,ALICANTE,SPAIN. UNIV ALICANTE,DEPT GENET & MICROBIOL,E-03080 ALICANTE,SPAIN. UNIV FED FLUMINENSE,FAC MED,DEPT PATOL,NITEROI,RJ,BRAZIL. RP Moura, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL & DIAGNOST BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 32 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 121 IS 8 BP 888 EP 893 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA XR791 UT WOS:A1997XR79100018 PM 9278620 ER PT J AU Scariati, PD GrummerStrawn, LM Fein, SB AF Scariati, PD GrummerStrawn, LM Fein, SB TI Water supplementation of infants in the first month of life SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTOXICATION; CONVULSIONS AB Objective: To describe the prevalence of and risk factors associated with regular water supplementation of neonates. Design: Evaluation of data from the Food and Drug Administration's Infant Feeding Practices Study, a panel study of US women of fairly high socioeconomic status who were followed up from late pregnancy through their infants' first year of life. The sample was drawn from a nationally distributed consumer mail panel. Each mother was asked whether she gave her neonate water at least 3 times per week. Participants: a total of 1677 mothers of infants who were neonates in April through November 1993. Main Outcome Measures: Percentages of mothers who gave their neonates water at least 3 times a week, considering infant feeding status, mother's education, and family income. Results: About one fourth (24.7%) of the mothers reported giving their neonates water at least 3 times per week. Stratification by feeding practices and socioeconomic factors revealed that 41.6% of mothers who formula-fed their neonates, 47.4% of mothers with less than a high school education, and 35.4% of mothers with an annual family income las than $22 500 gave their neonates water at least 3 times per week. Conclusions: Water supplementation of neonates was a prevalent practice in this cohort of women. Feeding practices, maternal education, and family income were all significant risk factors associated with this behavior. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US FDA,OFF SCI ANAL & SUPPORT,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 151 IS 8 BP 830 EP 832 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XQ271 UT WOS:A1997XQ27100013 PM 9265887 ER PT J AU Brooks, CA Gabella, B Hoffman, R Sosin, D Whiteneck, G AF Brooks, CA Gabella, B Hoffman, R Sosin, D Whiteneck, G TI Traumatic brain injury: Designing and implementing a population-based follow-up system SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; SCALE AB Craig Hospital and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment began designing a population-based followup system for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in 1994. With funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Colorado TBI Follow-up System addresses the issue, ''What happens to persons with TBI after they are dis charged from the hospital?'' Two methods of data collection are used, medical record review and annual telephone surveys to gather long-term outcomes. The design calls for following all persons hospitalized with severe TBI (defined as any person with inpatient rehabilitation and/or with an Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score for the head of 3 or greater) and a 20% random sample of persons hospitalized with less severe TBI. An expert panel was used to select variables for retrospective abstracting and prospective interviewing. Information obtained from medical records includes data verifying eligibility, diagnoses, radiological results, circumstances of injury, and severity of injury, as well as demographic data. The interview instrument includes questions and scales related to health status, disability, handicap, quality of life, and service utilization. Both methods of data collection have been pilot-tested and are now used routinely in the Colorado TBI Follow-up System. (C) 1997 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. C1 COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Brooks, CA (reprint author), CRAIG HOSP RES,3425 S CLARKSON ST,ENGLEWOOD,CO 80110, USA. FU PHS HHS [U17/CCU812447] NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 78 IS 8 SU 4 BP S26 EP S30 DI 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90152-0 PG 5 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA XR538 UT WOS:A1997XR53800005 PM 9270485 ER PT J AU Pachman, LM Hayford, JR Hochberg, MC Pallansch, MA Chung, A Daugherty, CD Athreya, BH Bowyer, SL Fink, CW Gewanter, HL Jerath, R Lang, BA Szer, IS Sinacore, J Christensen, ML Dyer, AR AF Pachman, LM Hayford, JR Hochberg, MC Pallansch, MA Chung, A Daugherty, CD Athreya, BH Bowyer, SL Fink, CW Gewanter, HL Jerath, R Lang, BA Szer, IS Sinacore, J Christensen, ML Dyer, AR TI New-onset juvenile dermatomyositis - Comparisons with a healthy cohort and children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; POLYMYOSITIS; MUSCLE; VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; RNA AB Objective. To determine, in a case-control study, if patients with new-onset juvenile dermatomyositis (juvenile DM) have increased symptoms prior to onset, exposure to certain environmental conditions, frequency of familial autoimmune diseases, or antibody titers, compared with 2 control groups. Methods. A structured interview with the families of 80 children with juvenile DM, 40 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), or 23 healthy children, from the same geographic area as the children with juvenile DM, was conducted. All children's sera were tested for antibody to Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus (HSV), or coxsackievirus B (CVB). Results. A high proportion of children with juvenile DM had constitutional symptoms 3 months before the disease-onset date (P = 0.013 versus control children). Children with JRA had more relatives with rheumatoid arthritis (P = 0.0001) and pernicious anemia (P = 0.003) than did children with juvenile DM or healthy children. Among children less than or equal to 7 years of age, elevated enteroviral titers were more frequent in those with juvenile DM (81%) and in healthy controls (90%) than in those with JRA (64%), suggesting a common environmental exposure. Titers to T gondii, HSV, or CVB 1-6 were normal. Conclusion. Frequencies of familial autoimmune disease, exposure to environmental factors, or elevated antibody titers to T gondii, HSV, or CVB are not increased in juvenile DM. Children with juvenile DM do have symptoms of illness 3 months before the disease-onset date, and young patients have elevated enteroviral titers, as do young geographic controls. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. ALFRED I DUPONT INST,WILMINGTON,DE 19899. JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY HOSP CHILDREN,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV TEXAS,DALLAS,TX 75230. REDMONT PEDIAT ASSOCIATES,RICHMOND,VA. MED COLL GEORGIA,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. DALHOUSIE UNIV,HALIFAX,NS,CANADA. CHILDRENS HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL. RP Pachman, LM (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT IMMUNOL RHEUMATOL,CHICAGO,IL 60614, USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1526 EP 1533 DI 10.1002/art.1780400822 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA XP456 UT WOS:A1997XP45600022 PM 9259435 ER PT J AU Henderson, LO Powell, MK Hannon, WH Bernert, JT Pass, KA Fernhoff, P Ferre, CD Martin, L Franko, E Rochat, RW Brantley, MD Sampson, E AF Henderson, LO Powell, MK Hannon, WH Bernert, JT Pass, KA Fernhoff, P Ferre, CD Martin, L Franko, E Rochat, RW Brantley, MD Sampson, E TI An evaluation of the use of dried blood spots from newborn screening for monitoring the prevalence of cocaine use among childbearing women SO BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-DEPENDENT MOTHERS; PREGNANCY; MECONIUM; URINE; INFANTS AB A collaborative March of Dimes study was designed to examine the utility of dried blood spot (DBS) materials routinely collected from newborns as a source for monitoring cocaine exposure and to assess the prevalence of cocaine use among childbearing women in Georgia. We used a modified urinary radioimmunoassay (RIA) to anonymously detect the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE) in DBSs. Extensive efforts were undertaken to assure absolute nonlinkage of BE data to any individual. The positive results found by RIA were confirmed by a mass spectrometry (MS) method specifically developed to detect BE in DBSs. BE was measured in 23,141 DBSs collected during 2 months of routine newborn screening in Georgia. A good correlation was observed for RIA results versus MS results (r(2) = 0.97). The estimated minimal statewide BE prevalence was 4.8 per 1000 childbearing women. We demonstrated that immunoassay testing for cocaine without confirmatory testing can yield falsely elevated prevalence rates. When proper confirmatory testing is done, DBSs are a valuable source for population-based monitoring of substance abuse among childbearing women. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY 12201. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MED GENET,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,PUBL HLTH LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1077-3150 J9 BIOCHEM MOL MED JI Biochem. Mol. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 143 EP 151 DI 10.1006/bmme.1997.2609 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XR061 UT WOS:A1997XR06100004 PM 9259979 ER PT J AU Burse, VW DeGuzman, MR Korver, MP Najam, AR Williams, CC Hannon, WH Therrell, BL AF Burse, VW DeGuzman, MR Korver, MP Najam, AR Williams, CC Hannon, WH Therrell, BL TI Preliminary investigation of the use of dried-blood spots for the assessment of in utero exposure to environmental pollutants SO BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN SERUM AB We determined the concentration of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in dried-blood spot specimens from 2-day old infants from rural Texas who had never been breast fed. Anonymous, residual whole blood spots on filter paper, previously used for routine newborn screening procedures, were seabed in a phosphate buffer, extracted with an organic solvent, and eluted through silica gel. The concentrated eluates were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection (ECD). The blood collected from 10 newborns was analyzed and found to contain DDE concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 1.87 pg/mu l with a mean of 0.72 pg/mu l. One of the 10 newborns had a whole blood DDE concentration of 1.87 pg/mu l, which was greater than the concentration of 1.34 pg/mu l in a freshly drawn sample from an adult donor whose blood serum was shown to contain DDE. With improvement in detection limits, this approach has the potential to displace the analyses of mothers' blood (as a surrogate indicator of infants' exposures) and cord blood as standard procedures for determining the newborns' body burden of environmental pollutants. C1 DEPT HLTH,BUR RES & LABS,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. RP Burse, VW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP F17,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1077-3150 J9 BIOCHEM MOL MED JI Biochem. Mol. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.1006/bmme.1997.2603 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XR061 UT WOS:A1997XR06100014 PM 9259989 ER PT J AU Kang, DH Tepper, A Patterson, DG AF Kang, DH Tepper, A Patterson, DG TI Coplanar PCBs and the relative contribution of coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents in human serum SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs; TEFs, TEQs; human serum ID SUBSTITUTED POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DIBENZOFURANS; EXPOSURE; DIOXINS; BLOOD AB Coplanar PCBs in human serum were measured by high-resolution gas chromatography/isotope-dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry in 46 pulp and paper mill workers and 16 community residents with no specific known source of PCB exposure. The relative contribution of coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQs) were compared using the toxic equivalency factors proposed by Safe [1] and the factors recently proposed by WHO [2]. The mean concentrations of PCB-126 and PCB-169 were higher in paper mill workers than in community residents. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Serum PCB-126, but not PCB-169, was correlated with body mass index (Spearman's r=0.40, p=0.002). Serum PCB-169, but not PCB-126, was correlated with age (Spearman's r=0.54, p=0.0001). Multiple linear regression analysis for log-transformed combined PCBs showed that age (p=0.008). body mass index (p=0.031), and eating locally caught fish (p=0.019) were statistically significant predictors. The majority of the total TEQ in serum is due to PCDDs (63%), whereas PCDFs account for 21% and coplanar PCBs account for 15% when calculated using the TEFs proposed by Safe. The percent contributions from PCDDs, PCDFs, and coplanar PCBs were 66%, 24%, and 10% respectively when calculated based on the TEFs proposed by WHO. Age, body mass index, and consumption of locally caught fish are significant predictors for coplanar PCB levels in human serum. Serum PCDDs were the major contributors to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent toxicity in this study. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Kang, DH (reprint author), SEOUL NATL UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,CHONGNO KU,28 YONGON DONG,SEOUL 110799,SOUTH KOREA. RI Kang, Dae Hee/E-8631-2012 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00115-X PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XK305 UT WOS:A1997XK30500007 PM 9241822 ER PT J AU Curtis, JR Ullman, M Collier, AC Krone, MR Edlin, BR Bennett, CL AF Curtis, JR Ullman, M Collier, AC Krone, MR Edlin, BR Bennett, CL TI Variations in medical care for HIV-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia - A comparison of process and outcome at two hospitals SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE AIDS; intensive care; outcome; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; process; quality of care ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NEW-YORK-STATE; INFECTED PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; INTENSIVE-CARE; MORTALITY DATA; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; SEVERITY AB Background: Institutional variation in Be quality of medical care may he evaluated by examining process measures, such as use of diagnostic procedures or treatment modalities, ol outcome measures, such as mortality. We undertook this study to examine variations in both process and outcome of care for patients with HIV-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) at two geographically diverse, HIV-experienced, public municipal hospitals. Design: Retrospective review of hospitalized patients diagnosed as having PCP cared for at two municipal hospitals from 1988 to 1990. At hospital A, charts of all patients diagnosed as having PCP were abstracted (n=209); at hospital B, a random sample of 15% were abstracted (n=136). Results: Among all hospitalized patients diagnosed as having PCP, the frequency of making a definitive diagnosis of PCP (as opposed to treating empirically) differed markedly at the two hospitals (85% in hospital A vs 26% in hospital B; p<0.001), as did the use of intensive care (18% vs 3%; p<0.001) and ''do-not-resuscitate'' orders (39% vs 14%; p<0.001), although the timing of starting anti-Pneumocystis medications (89% vs 88% within the first 2 hospital days) and the use of corticosteroids (21% vs 23%) were similar. Despite differences in the process of care, survival rates were similar at the two institutions (75% vs 76%; p=0.8) and remained similar when logistic regression was used to control for demographic variables and severity of illness (odds ratio for survival, hospital B vs A, 1.2 [95% confidence interval, 0.7, 2.0]). The 95% confidence intervals (0.7,; 2.0), however, were consistent with a considerable (and clinically) significant) disparity in survival (from 30% lower to a twofold higher odds of survival). Sample size calculations shelved that a sample of 10 cases in each hospital would be required to detect the observed difference in definitive diagnosis rates (85% vs 26%), but 722 cases in each hospital would he required to detect a relevant difference in mortality. Conclusions: The process of care for hospitalized patients with PCP in these two institutions differed considerably, but the survival rates were not significantly different, even after adjusting for confounding factors. While sample sizes available at the individual institutions were sufficient for evaluation of the process of care, they did not provide the power necessary to evaluate outcomes. Comparisons of outcomes such as mortality between individual hospitals may not have the statistical power to exclude important differences. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV BIOSTAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DIV GEN MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,VET ADM LAKESIDE MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RI Bennett, Charles/C-2050-2008; Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013; OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125; Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU AHRQ HHS [1ROTHS0694-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27757] NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 1997 VL 112 IS 2 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1378/chest.112.2.398 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA XQ816 UT WOS:A1997XQ81600020 PM 9266875 ER PT J AU McNamara, JR Leary, ET Ceriotti, F BoersmaCobbaert, CM Cole, TG Hassemer, DJ Nakamura, M Packard, CJ Seccombe, DW Kimberly, MM Myers, GL Cooper, GR AF McNamara, JR Leary, ET Ceriotti, F BoersmaCobbaert, CM Cole, TG Hassemer, DJ Nakamura, M Packard, CJ Seccombe, DW Kimberly, MM Myers, GL Cooper, GR TI Point: Status of lipid and lipoprotein standardization. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION-PROGRAM RECOMMENDATIONS; INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MATERIAL; CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM; COMPARABILITY; FEDERATION; PROJECT AB Cholesterol and triglyceride standardization procedures have been used extensively and continuously since the 1950s. Definitive and Reference Methods, as well as primary and secondary standards, have been developed and maintained as the basis far evaluating the accuracy of results by various methods in many laboratories. But, although standardization efforts for apolipoprotein A-I and B measurements have been reported in detail in the scientific literature, much less has been reported in the area of total and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride standardization efforts. Standardized cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, determined in multiple large epidemiological and clinical studies, have been instrumental to the National Cholesterol Education Program panels that have assessed the lipoprotein values associated with risk of coronary disease, and have determined the cutpoints that are now used extensively by physicians to guide diagnosis and treatment of individual patients. C1 PACIFIC BIOMETR RES FDN,SEATTLE,WA. HS RAFFAELE,MILAN,ITALY. UNIV ROTTERDAM HOSP,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO. STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI. OSAKA MED CTR CANC & CARDIOVASC DIS,OSAKA,JAPAN. GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRM,INST BIOCHEM,GLASGOW G4 0SF,LANARK,SCOTLAND. CANADIAN REFERENCE LAB 1996 LTD,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP McNamara, JR (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. OI Ferruccio, Ceriotti/0000-0002-0958-5354 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 43 IS 8 BP 1306 EP 1310 PN 1 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XP425 UT WOS:A1997XP42500002 PM 9267305 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Jarvis, WR TI Changing epidemiology of nosocomial infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients - Response SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK-FACTORS; BACTEREMIA; SURVEILLANCE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1086/514554 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XT820 UT WOS:A1997XT82000029 PM 9332533 ER PT J AU Doherty, PC Tripp, RA HamiltonEaston, AM Cardin, RD Woodland, DL Blackman, MA AF Doherty, PC Tripp, RA HamiltonEaston, AM Cardin, RD Woodland, DL Blackman, MA TI Tuning into immunological dissonance: an experimental model for infectious mononucleosis SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CD8(+) T-CELLS; MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DEFICIENT MICE; IN-VIVO; B-CELLS; HERPESVIRUS; MEMORY; PROLIFERATION AB Virus infections cause a much more profound perturbation of the lymphoid tissue than can be accounted for by the exigencies of the antigen-specific response. The extent of this 'immunological dissonance' is seen most dramatically in mice infected with a persistent gamma-herpesvirus, MHV-68. A profile of massive, continuing proliferation of both T and B cells in the lymph nodes and spleen leads to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of a CD62L(low) CD8(+) T cell subset in the blood, a pattern first detected two to three weeks after intranasal exposure to the inducing virus. This syndrome, which seems identical to human infectious mononucleosis (IM), persists for a further month or more. Part of the IM-like phase of MHV-68 infection reflects the selective expansion of V beta 4(+) CD8(+) T cells, with the V beta 4 effect being apparent for several different MHC class I H-2 types but-not in mice that are deficient in MHC class II glycoprotein expression. Depleting CD4(+) T helper cells in MHV-68-infected mice leads to the decreased proliferation of the CD8(+) T cells in the spleen and fewer CD62L(low) CD8(+) T lymphocytes than would be expected in peripheral blood, but fails to diminish the prominence of the V4 beta(+) CD8(+) population. The results so far of this unique experimental mouse model of IM suggest that both cytokine-mediated effects and a viral superantigen are operating to promote the dramatic expansion and persistence of activated CD8(+) T cells in the vascular compartment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP Doherty, PC (reprint author), ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, DEPT IMMUNOL, 332 N LAUDERDALE, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. RI Doherty, Peter Charles/C-4185-2013; OI Doherty, Peter Charles/0000-0002-5028-3489; Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0952-7915 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 9 IS 4 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1016/S0952-7915(97)80098-2 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XT719 UT WOS:A1997XT71900007 PM 9287187 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR TI The global impact of vancomycin-resistant enterococci SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID FAECIUM; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; ABILITY; RISK AB During the past 8 years, vancomycin-resistant enteracocci have emerged as a major public health problem, Data from USA surveillance system hospitals show that the proportion of enterococci resistant to vancomycin continues to increase in both intensive care unit and non-intensive care unit patients, Internationally, vancomycin-resistant enterococci have been found in food stuffs and in the gastrointestinal tracts of non-hospitalized persons in areas where avoparcin has been used as an animal feed additive. Although infection control recommendations have been shown to be effective, their incomplete implementation or adherence results in the continued transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The development of alternative control measures or more complete implementation of current recommendations is necessary if the transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci is to be reduced or terminated. (C) Rapid Science Publishers. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 304 EP 309 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XL802 UT WOS:A1997XL80200012 ER PT J AU Litzelman, DK Marriott, DJ Vinicor, F AF Litzelman, DK Marriott, DJ Vinicor, F TI Independent physiological predictors of foot lesions in patients with NIDDM SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID LOWER-EXTREMITY AMPUTATION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK-FACTORS; NEUROPATHY; ULCERATION; CARE AB OBJECTIVE - To identify and quantify independent physiological risk factors for foot lesions in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - There were 352 patients enrolled in a 1-year randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing risks for lower-extremity pathology through patient education and system interventions. Inclusion criteria were as follows: being age 40 years or over, being at or above ideal body weight, and having been diagnosed with NIDDM. Participants were predominantly African-American (76%), elderly (mean 60 years of age), indigent (77% with annual income <$10,000), or women (81%) who had diabetes for 10 years. Prospective multivariate modeling used baseline clinical signs (e.g., blood pressure, dermatological characteristics, and neuropathic measures) and laboratory values (e.g., lipid profiles and measures of glycemic control) to predict foot lesions rated using the Seattle Wound Classification. RESULTS - When controlling for intervention effects, only measures of neuropathy (monofilament testing [odds ratio {OR} 2.75, 95% CI 1.55-4.88] and thermal sensitivity testing [2.18, 1.13-4.21]) predicted wounds classified 1.2 (minor injury), but investigation of wounds rated at least 1.3 (nonulcerated lesions) indicated baseline wounds (13.41, 3.19-56.26), monofilament abnormalities (5.23, 2.26-12.13), and low HDL (1.63, 1.11-2.39) as predictors. Although fungal dermatitis, dry cracked skin, edema, ingrown nails, microalbuminuria, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin Al, were candidates for one or both of the multivariable models (P < 0.3), they were not significant multivariate predictors. CONCLUSIONS - Lesions may be preventable with aggressive screening for peripheral neuropathy and abnormal lipids. Also, these results provide empirical support for the commonly held belief that foot lesions prospectively predict future wounds. C1 INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,HLTH SERV RES & DEV SERV,RICHARD L ROUDEBUSH VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Litzelman, DK (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,REGENSTRIEF INST HLTH CARE,6TH FLOOR,1001 W 10TH ST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-08-0661] NR 26 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 1997 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1278 DI 10.2337/diacare.20.8.1273 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XM224 UT WOS:A1997XM22400011 PM 9250453 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Egeland, GM Ashley, DL Lawryk, NJ Weisel, CP White, MC Bundy, T Shortt, E Middaugh, JP AF Backer, LC Egeland, GM Ashley, DL Lawryk, NJ Weisel, CP White, MC Bundy, T Shortt, E Middaugh, JP TI Exposure to regular gasoline and ethanol oxyfuel during refueling in Alaska SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE benzene; blood VOCs; gasohol; gasoline; oxyfuels; toluene ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER; HUMAN BLOOD; POPULATION; SMOKING AB Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under cold conditions in Fairbanks, Alaska. We compared concentrations of gasoline components in the blood and in the personal breathing zone (PBZ) of people who pumped regular unleaded gasoline (referred to as regular gasoline) with concentrations in the blood of those who pumped an oxygenated fuel that 10% ethanol (E-10). A subset of participants ipants in a wintertime engine performance study provided blood samples before and after pumping gasoline (30 using regular gasoline and 30 using E-10). The biological and environmental samples were analyzed for selected aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in gasoline (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m-l p-xylene and o-xylene); the biological samples were also analyzed for three chemicals not found in gasoline (1,4-dichlorobenzene, chloroform, and styrene). People in our study had significantly higher levels of gasoline components in their blood after pumping gasoline than they had before pumping gasoline. The changes in VOC levels in blood were similar whether the individuals pumped regular gasoline or the E-10 blend. The analysis of PBZ samples indicated that there were also measurable levels of gasoline components in the air during refueling. The VOC levels in PBZ were similar for the two groups. In this study, we demonstrate that people are briefly exposed to low (ppm and sub-ppm) levels of known carcinogens and other potentially toxic compounds while pumping gasoline, regardless of the type of gasoline used. C1 ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524. ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI INST,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. ALASKA DEPT LABOR,KENAI,AK 99611. STATE ALASKA DEPT LABOR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99510. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MS F46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 105 IS 8 BP 850 EP 855 DI 10.1289/ehp.97105850 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YC207 UT WOS:A1997YC20700020 PM 9347900 ER PT J AU Berry, M Bove, F AF Berry, M Bove, F TI Birth weight reduction associated with residence near a hazardous waste landfill SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE environmental health; hazardous waste; low birth weight; Superfund ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES; EXPOSURE; CADMIUM; CONTAMINATION; DRINKING; ALCOHOL; MOTHERS; SMELTER; GROWTH AB We examined the relationship between birth weight and mother's residence near a hazardous waste landfill. Twenty-five years of birth certificates (1961-1985) were collected for four towns. Births were grouped into five 5-year periods corresponding to hypothesized exposure periods (1971-1975 having the greatest potential for exposure), From 1911 to 1975, term births (37-44 weeks gestation) to parents living closest to the landfill (Area 1A) had a statistically significant lower average birth weight (192 g) and a statistically significant higher proportion of low birth weight odds ratio (OR) = 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-12.3] than the control population. Average term birth weights in Area 1A rebounded by about 332 g after 1975. Parallel results were found for all births (gestational age >27 weeks) in area 1A during 1971-1975. Area 1A infants had tm ice the risk of prematurity (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.4) during 1971-1975 compared to the control group. The results indicate a significant impact to infants born to residents living near the landfill during the period postulated as having the greatest potential for exposure. The magnitude of the effect is in the range of birth weight reduction due to cigarette smoking during pregnancy. C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Berry, M (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,CONSUMER & ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,210 S BROAD ST,5TH FLOOR,CN 360,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 34 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 105 IS 8 BP 856 EP 861 DI 10.1289/ehp.97105856 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YC207 UT WOS:A1997YC20700021 PM 9347901 ER PT J AU Ackman, D Marks, S Mack, P Caldwell, M Root, T Birkhead, G AF Ackman, D Marks, S Mack, P Caldwell, M Root, T Birkhead, G TI Swimming-associated haemorrhagic colitis due to Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection: Evidence of prolonged contamination of a fresh water lake SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; BLOODY DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; POOL AB We describe an Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak associated with a fresh water lake at a county park. Campers were surveyed for diarrhoeal illness within 10 days of their visit, and a case-control study of day visitors was conducted. A confirmed case was a symptomatic person with a stool culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 and a probable case was a person with bloody diarrhoea. Clinical isolates of E. call O157 were subtyped by pulsed held gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In the camper survey, 12 (38 %) of 32 swimmers had a diarrhoeal illness (relative risk [RR] = 12.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-89.7). For the case-control study, the 12 cases were more likely than controls to have purposefully ingested lake water (odds ratio [OR] = 6.9, 95% CI = 0.9-55.8). The PFGE patterns of six clinical isolates were indistinguishable. This report further demonstrates that contaminated fresh-water lakes can be the source of community outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. DUTCHESS CTY DEPT HLTH,POUGHKEEPSIE,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR,ALBANY,CA. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,ALBANY,CA. RP Ackman, D (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,OFF PUBL HLTH,ROOM 651 CORNING TOWER,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1017/S095026889700770X PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XT294 UT WOS:A1997XT29400001 PM 9287936 ER PT J AU Cicirello, HG Kehl, KS Addiss, DG Chusid, MJ Glass, RI Davis, JP Havens, PL AF Cicirello, HG Kehl, KS Addiss, DG Chusid, MJ Glass, RI Davis, JP Havens, PL TI Cryptosporidiosis in children during a massive waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic findings SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN FECAL SPECIMENS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; OOCYSTS; INFECTION; PATIENT; TRANSMISSION; DEFICIENCY AB During the spring of 1993 an estimated 403 000 residents of the greater Milwaukee, Wisconsin area experienced gastrointestinal illness due to infection with the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum following contamination of the city's water supply. To define the clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic features of outbreak-associated cryptosporidiosis in children, medical and laboratory records for all children submitting stool samples to the microbiology laboratory of the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between 7 April and 13 May 1993 were reviewed retrospectively. Interviews with parents were also conducted to obtain additional clinical history. Cryptosporidium, as the sole pathogen, was identified in stools from 49 (23 %) of the 209 children enrolled in the study. Children with laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis were more likely to live in areas of Milwaukee supplied with contaminated water (RR = 1.92, CI = 1.19-3.09), to be tested later in their illness (P < 0.05), to have submitted more than one stool specimen (P = 0.01), to have an underlying disease that altered their immune status (RR = 2.78, CI = 1.60-4.84), and to be older than 1 year of age (RR = 2.02, CI = 1.13-3.60). Clinical illness in these patients was more prolonged and associated with weight loss and abdominal cramps compared with Cryptosporidium-negative children. In the context of this massive waterborne outbreak relatively few children had documented infection with Cryptosporidium. If many children who tested negative for the parasite were truly infected, as the epidemiologic data suggest, existing laboratory tests for Cryptosporidium were insensitive, particularly early in the course of illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. MED COLL WISCONSIN,CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,DEPT PATHOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. MED COLL WISCONSIN,CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 119 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1017/S0950268897007589 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XT294 UT WOS:A1997XT29400009 PM 9287944 ER PT J AU Udhayakumar, V Ongecha, JM Shi, YP Aidoo, M Orago, ASS Oloo, AJ Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Hoffman, SL Weiss, WR Lal, AA AF Udhayakumar, V Ongecha, JM Shi, YP Aidoo, M Orago, ASS Oloo, AJ Hawley, WA Nahlen, BL Hoffman, SL Weiss, WR Lal, AA TI Cytotoxic T cell reactivity and HLA-B35 binding of the variant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein CD8(+) CTL epitope in naturally exposed Kenyan adults SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Plasmodium falciparum; circumsporozoite protein; HLA-B35 ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; MALARIA; POLYMORPHISM AB In this study, we have investigated the extent of natural polymorphism in the CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) determinant (amino acids 368-390) of circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from a holoendemic region of Kenya, and determined how this variation affects the CTL reactivities in clinically immune adults and binding specificities to human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B35. Among the eight variant sequences that were found in this region, four were new and not seen in parasites from other geographical regions. When synthetic peptides corresponding to the eight variants were used to test the presence of CTL response in different donors, a different spectrum of CTL reactivity to these variants was noticed. While CTL from some donors recognized the P1 sequence (the most prevalent type of sequence) but not P8 (another major variant), other donors showed a reverse pattern of reactivity. Although none of the donors was able to recognize all the variants, CTL responses to ail the eight variant sequences were found in this population. An octamer peptide with P1 sequence KPKDELDY in this polymorphic determinant was known to bind HLA-B35. When we tested the effect of natural variation in this octamer sequence on HLA-B35 binding, it became evident that SP13 with D --> N substitution retained its binding specificity to HLA-B35. On the other hand,the SP12 octamer sequence which had two substitutions did not bind HLA-B35. The most interesting finding was the observation that a D --> G substitution at position 374 rescued the binding ability of SP14, which otherwise could not bind to this HLA molecule due to E --> Q amino acid substitution at position 372. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration showing that a natural polymorphism can rescue the binding specificity to an HLA-class I molecule that was lost due to another natural amino acid substitution. Altogether, these results demonstrate that natural polymorphism in the CS protein affects both the CTL reactivity and the ability to bind to HLA-B35. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. UNIV OXFORD,JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,INST MOL MED,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. KENYATTA UNIV,NAIROBI,KENYA. NMRI,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MOL VACCINE SECT,MAIL STOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1952 EP 1957 DI 10.1002/eji.1830270819 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XQ080 UT WOS:A1997XQ08000018 PM 9295031 ER PT J AU Rohrbach, LA Johnson, CA Mansergh, G Fishkin, SA Neumann, FB AF Rohrbach, LA Johnson, CA Mansergh, G Fishkin, SA Neumann, FB TI Alcohol-related outcomes of the day one community partnership SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE-ABUSE PREVENTION; DRUG PREVENTION; PROJECT SMART; PROGRAMS AB This paper presents the alcohol-related outcomes of the Day One Community Partnership, a coalition located in a diverse urban community in Southern California that implemented comprehensive alcohol abuse prevention activities based on a public health model. The most promising outcome was the adoption and implementation by city government of a comprehensive policy to reduce alcohol availability. A school-based survey indicated that from baseline to three-year follow-up, there was a trend towards reductions in 30-day alcohol use for youth in grades 7, 9, and 12, and a marginally significant decline in 7-day alcohol use among high school seniors. There was an inconsistent pattern of changes in alcohol-related outcomes such as beliefs and behavioral intentions. Possible explanations for the pattern of results are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KAISER PERMANENTE,OAKLAND,CA. RP Rohrbach, LA (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,INST HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT RES,1540 ALCAZAR ST,CHP 207,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 20 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1016/S0149-7189(97)00011-6 PG 8 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA XN737 UT WOS:A1997XN73700012 ER PT J AU Wachsmuth, IK Sparling, PH Barrett, TJ Potter, ME AF Wachsmuth, IK Sparling, PH Barrett, TJ Potter, ME TI Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the United States SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Diseases CY APR, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP US Japan Cooperat Med Sci Program DE Escherichia coli O157:H7 disease emergence; enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli; surveillance; hazard analysis critical control point; transmission vehicle ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; APPLE CIDER; O157-H7; DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; SURVIVAL; STRAINS C1 FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV, USDA, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1016/S0928-8244(97)00053-9 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XX747 UT WOS:A1997XX74700004 PM 9348158 ER PT J AU Peters, CJ AF Peters, CJ TI Ebola and hantaviruses SO FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Diseases CY APR, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP US Japan Cooperat Med Sci Program DE Ebola virus; hantavirus; viral hemorrhagic fever; Sin Nombre virus; hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PULMONARY SYNDROME; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; VIRUS-INFECTION; HANTAAN VIRUS; GENOME; LINE RP Peters, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-8244 J9 FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC JI FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0928-8244(97)00059-X PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XX747 UT WOS:A1997XX74700010 PM 9348164 ER PT J AU Lushniak, BD AF Lushniak, BD TI The public health impact of irritant contact dermatitis SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL SKIN-DISEASE; HAND ECZEMA; INDUSTRIAL-CITY; PREVALENCE; WORKERS; DERMATOSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB The public health impact of a disease can be measured using statistical, clinical, and economic measures. Three factors point out the importance of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) as a disease having a public health impact-1) ICD is common; 2) ICD often has a poor prognosis; and 3) ICD results in a noteworthy economic impact for society and for an individual as it affects vocational and avocational activities. It is also a disease amenable to public health interventions. C1 HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. RP Lushniak, BD (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US PHS,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 345 EP & DI 10.1016/S0889-8561(05)70313-1 PG 14 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA XU433 UT WOS:A1997XU43300002 ER PT J AU Zeidner, N Mbow, ML Dolan, M Massung, R Baca, E Piesman, J AF Zeidner, N Mbow, ML Dolan, M Massung, R Baca, E Piesman, J TI Effects of Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi on modulation of the host immune response: Induction of a TH2 cytokine response in Lyme disease-susceptible (C3H/HeJ) mice but not in disease-resistant (BALB/c) mice SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; SALIVARY-GLAND EXTRACTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TICKS ACARI; MACROPHAGES; IXODIDAE; DISSEMINATION; LIPOPROTEINS; SPIROCHETE AB Previous studies have demonstrated that both Ixodes scapularis saliva and Borrelia burgdorferi antigens modulated lymphokines and monokines in vitro, The studies presented here were designed to delineate the role of I. scapularis and B, burgdorferi in modulation of the host immune response in vivo, Infestation of C3H/HeJ mice with infected I. scapularis resulted in an up regulation of IL-4 as early as 8 days after tick infestation, while the levels of T helper cell type 1 (TH1) cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), were significantly decreased by days 10 to 12. In contrast, the cytokine profile of BALB/c mice exposed to infected nymphal ticks resulted in only transient alterations in IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production throughout a 12-day period postinfestation. Although the IL-10 level was elevated in both C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice infested with infected nymphal ticks, no significant difference in the levels of IL-10 was noted between the mouse strains. Flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated increases in the numbers of splenic B-cell and CD4(+) lymphocytes in C3H/HeJ but not BALB/c mice exposed to infected ticks. Cell depletion experiments with C3H/HeJ mice demonstrated that CD4(+) cells were the sole producers of IFN-gamma, and IL-10 while both CD4(+) and CD8(+) splenocytes contributed to the production of IL-2 and IL-4, These findings suggest that B and CD4(+) splenocytes are activated, increase in number, and produce a polarized TH2 response in C3H/HeJ mice exposed to infected I. scapularis, Given that C3H/HeJ mice are susceptible to Lyme disease and the initial TH2 polarization is not evident in BALB/c mice, effective control of this response may have ramifications for spirochete transmission in vivo. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Zeidner, N (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FOOTHILLS CAMPUS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 37 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 65 IS 8 BP 3100 EP 3106 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XM714 UT WOS:A1997XM71400016 PM 9234760 ER PT J AU DeSilva, AM Fish, D Burkot, TR Zhang, Y Fikrig, E AF DeSilva, AM Fish, D Burkot, TR Zhang, Y Fikrig, E TI OspA antibodies inhibit the acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes ticks SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; SURFACE-PROTEIN-A; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DAMMINI; TRANSMISSION; AGENT; MICE; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; RICINUS AB Ixodes ticks are infected by Borrelia burgdorferi when larvae feed on spirochete-infected mice. We studied the acquisition of B. burgdorferi by larval ticks, characterized the production of outer surface protein A (OspA) by spirochetes entering larvae, and examined the effects of OspA antibodies on the establishment of B. burgdorferi infections in ticks. Most larvae were infected by spirochetes 24 to 48 h after placement on mice. OspA antibodies stained the first spirochetes observed in larvae, suggesting that OspA is synthesized early during the colonization of the vector, When OspA antibodies were administered to B. burgdorferi-infected mice and larvae were then placed on the animals, the severity of larval infection and the number of infected ticks (7 of 16) were decreased compared with that of controls (15 of 16), The inhibitory effects of OspA antibodies were observed with passive antibody transfer as well as active host-generated immunity, The lower larval infection rate observed in the presence of OspA antibodies was exacerbated after the larval molt since only 1 of 12 nymphs was infected, and none of the mice that were fed upon by these nymphs became infected with B. burgdorferi. Therefore, an OspA antibody response in mice altered the reservoir competence of the vertebrate host by inhibiting the movement of B. burgdorferi from the host to the vector. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,RHEUMATOL SECT,DEPT INTERNAL MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30548, AI-49387] NR 22 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 65 IS 8 BP 3146 EP 3150 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XM714 UT WOS:A1997XM71400023 PM 9234767 ER PT J AU Mbow, ML Zeidner, N Panella, N Titus, RG Piesman, J AF Mbow, ML Zeidner, N Panella, N Titus, RG Piesman, J TI Borrelia burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic cells induce a protective immune response against tick-transmitted spirochetes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; LYME-DISEASE AGENT; IXODES-DAMMINI; T-CELLS; ANTIGEN; MICE; OSPA; INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION AB Borrelia burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic tells and epidermal cells were able to initiate the production of anti-outer surface protein A (OspA) antibody in vitro with normal T and B cells from either BALB/c or C3H/HeJ mice, Inhibition of anti-B. burgdorferi antibody production was observed after 3 days, but not after 2 days, of exposure of the antigen-presenting cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha +/- granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Furthermore, splenic dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with live B. burgdorferi spirochetes and then adoptively transferred into naive syngeneic mice mediated a protective immune response against tick-transmitted spirochetes. This protection appeared not to be due to killing of spirochetes in the feeding ticks, since ticks fed to repletion on B. burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic cell-sensitized mice still harbored live spirochetes, Western blot analysis of the sera collected from dendritic cell-sensitized mice demonstrated that the mice responded to a limited set of B. burgdorferi antigens, including OspA, -B, and -C compared to control groups that either had received unpulsed dendritic cells or were not treated, Finally, mice in the early stage of B, burgdorferi infection were able to develop anti-OspA antibody following injection with B. burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic cells, Our results demonstrate for the first time that adoptive transfer of B. burgdorferi-pulsed dendritic cells induces a protective immune response against tick-transmitted B. burgdorferi and stimulates the production of antibodies specific for a limited set of B, burgdorferi antigens in vivo. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Mbow, ML (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED & BIOMED SCI,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27511] NR 39 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 65 IS 8 BP 3386 EP 3390 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XM714 UT WOS:A1997XM71400058 PM 9234802 ER PT J AU Kellerman, S Tokars, JI Jarvis, WR AF Kellerman, S Tokars, JI Jarvis, WR TI The cost of selected tuberculosis control measures at hospitals with a history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis outbreaks SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION-CONTROL PROGRAMS; CDC TB SURVEY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MEMBER HOSPITALS; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; ADULTS AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost of nonrespirator-related tuberculosis (TB) control measures at several hospitals, following publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s revised TB infection control guidelines. DESIGN: Infection control (IC) and TB coordinators obtained cost information on tuberculin skin-test (TST) programs, addition of IC and employee health service (EHS) personnel, and the retrofit or new construction of environmental controls. SETTING: Four hospitals with, and one community hospital without, prior nosocomial multidrug-resistant TB transmission. RESULTS: During the study period, the TST program costs remained constant at four of five hospitals and increased at one hospital (median 1994 TST program cost: $5,568; range, $2,393-$44,902). Additional IC or EHS personnel were hired at four of five hospitals (median cost increase, $125,500; range, $63,000-$228,000). The median cost of new construction or new equipment purchases (ie, sputum induction booths, ultraviolet lights, or portable high-efficiency particulate air filters) at study hospitals was $163,000 (range, $45,000-$524,000) and $70,000 (range, $31,000-$93,000), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Costs associated with implementing control measures similar to those recommended in the CDC TB IC guidelines varied widely by hospital. Engineering controls involved the largest capital outlay, but increases in personnel were the largest continuing cost. These costs represent improvements made to upgrade selected aspects of hospital TB control programs, not the cost of an optimal TB control program (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:542-547). RP Kellerman, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,MAIL STOP E-69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 18 IS 8 BP 542 EP 547 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XR534 UT WOS:A1997XR53400005 PM 9276234 ER PT J AU Labowitz, A Young, A Heffernan, R Cato, S Layton, M Mojica, B AF Labowitz, A Young, A Heffernan, R Cato, S Layton, M Mojica, B TI Surveillance for penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae - New York City, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 297-299, 1997) SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Reprint RP Labowitz, A (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CDC,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 14 IS 8 BP 659 EP 660 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XT114 UT WOS:A1997XT11400011 ER PT J AU Besansky, NJ Mukabayire, O Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS Hamm, DM McNitt, L AF Besansky, NJ Mukabayire, O Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS Hamm, DM McNitt, L TI The Anopheles gambiae tryptophan oxygenase gene expressed from a baculovirus promoter complements Drosophila melanogaster vermilion SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATION; SEQUENCES; MOSQUITO; INSECTS; CELLS AB An Anopheles gambiae cDNA encoding tryptophan oxygenase was placed under the control of the constitutive baculovirus promoter, ie-1. The chimeric construct, expressed transiently in vermilion (tryptophan oxygenase) mutants of Drosophila melanogaster, partially rescued adult eye color. The successful genetic complementation by this construct demonstrated both the proper function of the tryptophan oxygenase product and the effectiveness of the ie-l promoter in directing expression of foreign genes in live insects. The functionality of An. gambiae tryptophan oxygenase in a higher fly fulfils predictions based on its structural conservation throughout millions of years of independent evolution. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Besansky, NJ (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 27 IS 8-9 BP 803 EP 805 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(97)00040-4 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA YQ576 UT WOS:000071401700011 PM 9443379 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Gates, L Flanders, WD VanAssendelft, OW Barboriak, JJ Joesoef, MR Byers, T AF Freedman, DS Gates, L Flanders, WD VanAssendelft, OW Barboriak, JJ Joesoef, MR Byers, T TI Black/white differences in leukocyte subpopulations in men SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blacks; cigarette smoking; ischaemic heart disease; leukocytes; lymphocytes; neutrophils ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-CELL COUNT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; GENETIC NEUTROPENIA; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; BLACK; ATHEROGENESIS; ADULTS; POPULATIONS AB Background. Although counts of leukocytes differ substantially between blacks and whites, and are predictive of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), racial differences in counts of leukocyte subpopulations have received less attention. Methods. We examined black/white differences in leukocyte subpopulations among 3467 white and 493 black 31-45 year-old-men who had previously served in the US Army. Laboratory determinations were performed at a central location during 1985-1986. Results. Black men had an 840 cell/mu l (or 15%) lower mean total leukocyte count than did white men, largely due to a 960 cell/mu l (or 25%) lower mean neutrophil count, Although black men also had a 20% lower mean monocyte count (approximate to 70 cells/mu l) than did white men, their mean lymphocyte count was 10% higher (approximate to 200 cells/mu l). Counts of various leukocyte subpopulations were associated with cigarette smoking, haemoglobin levels, platelet counts, and several other characteristics, but black/white differences in counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and other subpopulations could not be attributed to any of the examined covariates. Conclusions. Despite the relatively low counts of leukocytes and neutrophils among black men, their lymphocyte counts are generally higher than those among white men. It is possible that black/white differences in counts of various cell types may influence race-specific rates of IHD, and future studies should attempt to assess the importance of leukocyte subpopulations in the development of clinical disease. C1 LOVELACE FDN MED EDUC & RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87108. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. MILWAUKEE VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MILWAUKEE,WI. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,DENVER,CO. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,K-26,4770 BUFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1093/ije/26.4.757 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XV909 UT WOS:A1997XV90900009 PM 9279607 ER PT J AU Armenian, HK Melkonian, A Noji, EK Hovanesian, AP AF Armenian, HK Melkonian, A Noji, EK Hovanesian, AP TI Deaths and injuries due to the earthquake in Armenia: A cohort approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort; deaths; disasters; earthquakes; injuries ID 1980 EARTHQUAKE; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; VICTIMS; RESCUE AB Background. This is the first population-based study of earthquake injuries and deaths that uses a cohort approach to identify factors of high risk. As part of a special project that collected data about the population in the aftermath of the earthquake that hit Northern Armenia on 7 December 1988, employees of the Ministry of Health working in the earthquake zone on 7 December 1988, and their families, were studied as a cohort to assess the short and long term impact of the disaster. The current analysis assesses short term outcomes of injuries and deaths as a direct result of the earthquake Methods. From an unduplicated list of 9017 employees, it was possible to contact and interview 7016 employees or their families over a period extending from April 1990 to December 1992. The current analysis presents the determinants of 831 deaths and 1454 injuries that resulted directly from the earthquake in our study population of 32 743 people (employees and their families). Results. Geographical location, being inside a building during the earthquake, height of the building, and location within the upper floors of the building were risk factors for injury and death in the univariate analyses. However, multivariate analyses. using different models, revealed that being in the Spitak region (odds ratio [OR] = 80.9, 95% confidence interval [GI] : 55.5-118.1) and in the city of Gumri (OR = 30.7, 95% Ci : 21.4-44.2) and inside a building at the moment of the earthquake (OR = 10.1, 95%;, GI:6.5-15.9) were the strongest predictors for death. Although of smaller magnitude, the same factors had significant On for injuries. Building height was more important as a factor in predicting death than the location of the individual on Various floors of the building except for being on the ground floor of the building which was protective. Conclusions. Considering that most of the high rise buildings destroyed in this earthquake were built using standard techniques, the most effective preventive effort for this disaster would have been appropriate structural approaches prior to the earthquake. C1 MINIST HLTH,REPUBL INFORMAT & COMP CTR,YEREVAN,ARMENIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Armenian, HK (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 43 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 806 EP 813 DI 10.1093/ije/26.4.806 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XV909 UT WOS:A1997XV90900015 PM 9279613 ER PT J AU Bertolli, J Pangi, C Frerichs, R Halloran, ME AF Bertolli, J Pangi, C Frerichs, R Halloran, ME TI A case-control study of the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine for preventing leprosy in Yangon, Myanmar SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BCG; leprosy; vaccine effectiveness ID NORTHERN MALAWI; TUBERCULOSIS; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; TRIAL; BURMA; RISK AB Background. Five randomized trials, a follow-up study, and six case-control investigations of BCG vaccine's effectiveness (Vf) for preventing leprosy have been conducted internationally, with widely varying estimates of VE. Because of the difficulty of generalizing from disparate results, local estimates of VE are needed for health planning purposes and are currently particularly relevant, given the World Health Organization's (WHO) goal to eliminate leprosy by the year 2000. Methods. WE: conducted a case-control study in Yangon, Myanmar. Residents of Yangon between the ages of 6 years and 24 years who were listed in the National Leprosy Registry as being on active treatment far leprosy between December 1992 and April 1993 were eligible to participate in the study as cases. Control subjects were matched to the cases on age, sex, and neighbourhood. Results. One or more doses of BCG were associated with a VE of 66%. The results show significant trend of increasing VE with increasing number of BCG doses (one dose, VE = 55%; two doses, VE = 68%; three doses, VE = 87%). One dose of BCG vaccine appeared to provide protection substantially higher than that found in an earlier vaccine trial in Myanmar, but consistent with results from case-control studies in other countries. Conclusions. These data suggest that BCG reduces the risk of leprosy in Myanmar, and that BCG vaccination of infants, along with early case-finding and treatment, should be considered an important part of the leprosy intervention strategy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,YANGON GEN HOSP,DEPT HLTH,CENT SPECIAL SKIN CLIN,RANGOON,MYANMAR. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29-AI31305, R01-AI-32042] NR 32 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 888 EP 896 DI 10.1093/ije/26.4.888 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XV909 UT WOS:A1997XV90900026 PM 9279624 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, PI Sherman, LF AF Fujiwara, PI Sherman, LF TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: many paths, same truth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; OUTBREAK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Fujiwara, PI (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,125 WORTH ST,CN 74,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 1 IS 4 BP 297 EP 298 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA YK001 UT WOS:A1997YK00100002 PM 9432382 ER PT J AU Huebner, RE Moeti, TL Binkin, NJ Rumisha, DW AF Huebner, RE Moeti, TL Binkin, NJ Rumisha, DW TI Survey of physician use of radiography and sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis diagnosis and follow-up in Botswana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; diagnosis; Botswana; physician; survey AB SETTING: National survey of physician knowledge, attitudes, and practices for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and monitoring in Botswana. OBJECTIVE: To assess adherence to national guidelines for TB diagnosis and monitoring. DESIGN: Questionnaires were mailed to all physicians registered with the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: The response rate was 69%. Diagnostic and follow-up practices differed substantially from national recommendations. Senior District Medical Officers (SDMOs) were the most likely to adhere to guidelines on use of sputum examination for diagnosis (87%) and follow-up (50%); private practitioners were the least likely to follow the same guidelines (53% and 10%, respectively). SDMOs were also less likely to use radiographs for diagnosis (27%); the greatest use was seen in government hospital-based physicians (86%). While mast SDMOs had received an introduction to the TB programme and had access to the programme manual and recent information on TB, the majority of other practising physicians in the country did not. CONCLUSION: Recommended diagnostic procedures for TB were not being followed by a substantial percentage of physicians. Efforts are being made to inform hospital-based physicians and private practitioners about TB programme policies. Adherence to programme recommendations is vital to strengthen TB control efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BOTUSA TB PROJECT,GABORONE,BOTSWANA. BOTSWANA NATL TB PROGRAMME,GABORONE,BOTSWANA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 1 IS 4 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA YK001 UT WOS:A1997YK00100009 PM 9432389 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Kassler, WJ Branson, BM Peterman, TA AF Tao, GY Kassler, WJ Branson, BM Peterman, TA TI Home collection kits for HIV testing: Evaluation of three strategies for dealing with insufficient dried blood specimens SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE home kit testing; models for blood specimen collection ID WESTERN BLOTS AB Home collection kits allow individuals to obtain a blood specimen at home and send it to a laboratory for HIV testing, In preliminary studies, 15% of kit users submitted specimens considered to be insufficient for analysis. The current Public Health Service policy requires the laboratory to reject all such specimens entirely and request a second specimen, even though some specimens are sufficient to perform an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) but not a Western blot (WB) test. Using decision analysis, we evaluated three strategies to handle specimens sufficient to perform an EIA but insufficient to perform a WB analysis: current recommendation, or baseline, for which no test is preformed and ''quantity not sufficient'' is reported; alternative 1, for which an EIA is done and reported as ''negative'' or ''quantity not sufficient'' (if initially reactive); and alternative 2, for which an EIA is done and reported as ''negative'' or ''a reactive screening test'' (if initially reactive). Baseline strategy requires all consumers with an initial specimen sufficient for EIA only to submit a second specimen, but either alternative requires fewer than 3% to submit a second specimen. Although 80% of consumers with an initial specimen sufficient for EIA learn their test results only with the baseline strategy, more than 99% learn their test results with either alternative. With the scenario of high (2%) HIV prevalence, 91% of consumers who would be told ''reactive screening test'' are truly infected. At a low (0.1%) HIV prevalence, 33% of consumers who would be told ''reactive screening test'' are truly infected. When a specimen is sufficient for EIA only, it is preferable to perform the EIA instead of rejecting the specimen, because many persons can get results from the initial specimen and because many fewer are required to submit a second specimen. Current policy should be reexamined in light of these findings. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 312 EP 317 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA YA525 UT WOS:A1997YA52500011 PM 9292592 ER PT J AU Remmenga, MD Milliken, GA Kratzer, D Schwenke, JR Rolka, HR AF Remmenga, MD Milliken, GA Kratzer, D Schwenke, JR Rolka, HR TI Estimating the maximum effective dose in a quantitative dose-response experiment SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pharmacodynamics; experimental design; computer simulation; growth curve; application rates; regression analysis AB A simulation study was conducted to compare several procedures for estimating the maximum effective dose in a quantitative dose-response experiment. Using four equally spaced dose levels, data were generated from four different model types: the quadratic growth curve, the Mitcherlich growth curve, the linear-linear plateau spline model, and the quadratic-linear plateau spline model. Each model type was parameterized to create three different model ranges, and for each range, data were generated from populations with three different standard deviations. The existence of unique dose-response curves is assumed; thus, all the procedures compared in this paper require that the data have been modeled by a polynomial or nonlinear regression model. An attempt was made to fit each generated data set with each of the four model types. Maximum effective dose estimation procedures were applied to a data set only when the data were adequately described by a given model. The simulation indicated that the estimate of the maximum effective dose is influenced more by the choice of model than by the method of estimation. Because of the consistently low estimates produced when the data were modeled by the linear-linear plateau spline, this model is not recommended for use in maximum effective dose estimation experiments. The simulation also demonstrated that the design failed to provide sufficient information about the form of the dose-response curve. Designs with more than four dose levels should be considered. C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT STAT,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. UPJOHN CO,KALAMAZOO,MI 49001. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Remmenga, MD (reprint author), NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,CTR STAT,PO BOX 30001 MSC 3CQ,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003, USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2174 EP 2183 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA XQ502 UT WOS:A1997XQ50200024 PM 9263066 ER PT J AU Akins, DR Robinson, E Shevchenko, D Elkins, C Cox, DL Radolf, JD AF Akins, DR Robinson, E Shevchenko, D Elkins, C Cox, DL Radolf, JD TI Tromp1, a putative rare outer membrane protein, is anchored by an uncleaved signal sequence to the Treponema pallidum cytoplasmic membrane SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOFLAGELLAR SHEATH PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBSP PALLIDUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; GLOBULAR-PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TRANSPORT-SYSTEM; BETA-STRANDS AB Treponema pallidum rare outer membrane protein 1 (Tromp1) has extensive sequence homolog with substrate-binding proteins of ATP-binding cassette transporters, Because such proteins typically are periplasmic or cytoplasmic membrane associated, experiments were conducted to clarify, Tromp1's physicochemical properties and cellular location in T. pallidum. Comparison of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mobilities of (i) native Tromp1 and Tromp1 synthesized by coupled in vitro transcription-translation and (ii) native Tromp1 and recombinant Tromp1 lacking the N-terminal signal sequence revealed that the native protein is not processed, Other studies demonstrated that recombinant Tromp1 lacks three basic porin-like properties: (i) the ability to form aqueous channels in liposomes which permit the influx of small hydrophilic solutes, (ii) an extensive beta-sheet secondary structure, and (iii) amphiphilicity. Subsurface localization of native Tromp1 was demonstrated hv immunofluorescence analysis of treponemes encapsulated in gel microdroplets, while opsonization assays failed to detect surface-exposed Tromp1. Incubation of motile treponemes with 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[I-125]iodophenyl)-diazarine, a photoactivatable, lipophilic probe, also did not result in the detection of Tromp1 within the outer membranes of intact treponemes but, instead, resulted in the labeling of a basic 30.5-kDa presumptive outer membrane protein, Finally, analysis of fractionated treponemes revealed that native Tromp1 is associated predominantly with cell cylinders, These findings comprise a body of evidence that Tromp1 actually is anchored by an uncleaved signal sequence to the periplasmic face of the T. pallidum cytoplasmic membrane, where it likely subserves a transport-related function. C1 UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, DIV INFECT DIS, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DEPT MICROBIOL, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. UNIV N CAROLINA, DEPT MED, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV STD LAB RES, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26756] NR 78 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 179 IS 16 BP 5076 EP 5086 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XQ511 UT WOS:A1997XQ51100016 PM 9260949 ER PT J AU Hoerling, MP Kumar, A Zhong, M AF Hoerling, MP Kumar, A Zhong, M TI El Nino, La Nina, and the nonlinearity of their teleconnections SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; NORTHERN WINTER; PACIFIC; ORGANIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSIENTS; ANOMALIES; MODELS AB The paradigm of an atmospheric system varying linearly with respect to extreme phases of the EI Nino-Southern Oscillation is questioned. It is argued that the global response to tropical Pacific sea surface temperature forcing will be inherently nonlinear. A physical basis far this intrinsic nonlinearity is the thermodynamic control on deep convection. Climate statistics for warm and cold events of the tropical Pacific are analyzed separately for the northern winter periods during 1950-96. Composite analysis of 500-mb heights reveal planetary-scale teleconnection patterns, as noted in earlier studies. A new result is the evidence for an appreciable 35 degrees longitude phase shift between the warm and cold event circulation composites, and the two wave trains appear to have different tropical origins. A large nonlinear component in North American surface climate anomalies is also found, which is consistent with such a phase shift in teleconnections. In the Tropics, rainfall anomalies also show evidence of nonlinear behavior. The maximum rain anomalies along the equator are located east of the date line during warm events, but west of the date line during cold events. The interpretation of this behavior is complicated, however, by the fact that composite warm event SST anomalies are not the exact inverse of their cold event counterparts. Idealized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments are performed in order to test the question of whether the observed nonlinearity is an intrinsic property of the atmospheric system. The model is forced with a composite SST anomaly that undergoes a realistic seasonally varying ENSO life cycle, as described by E. Rasmusson and T. Carpenter. Both positive and negative phases of the SST anomaly are used, and a 40-member ensemble of warm and cold event model simulations is conducted. A nonlinear climate response in the AGCM is found that closely resembles the observed composites, including a shift in the equatorial positions of the maxmium rain responses and a phase shift of teleconnection patterns in the upper troposphere. Barotropic model experiments indicate that the inherent nonlinearity in the tropical rain response may itself be responsible for the phase shift in the extratropical teleconnection patterns. C1 NOAA,NCEP,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Hoerling, MP (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CDC,CIRES,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. RI yu, yan/C-2322-2012 NR 33 TC 468 Z9 485 U1 9 U2 75 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1769 EP 1786 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1769:ENOLNA>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XU085 UT WOS:A1997XU08500001 ER PT J AU Polotsky, Y Nataro, JP Kotler, D Barrett, TJ Orenstein, JM AF Polotsky, Y Nataro, JP Kotler, D Barrett, TJ Orenstein, JM TI HEp-2 cell adherence patterns, serotyping, and DNA analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from eight patients with AIDS and chronic diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLET; HUMAN INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; PROBES; GASTROENTERITIS; ENTEROADHERENT; CHILDREN; STRAINS; MODEL AB Three morphologic patterns of interaction between bacteria and enterocytes have been observed in colonic biopsy specimens from AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea in the United States, The DNA encoding virulence factors and the HEp-2 cell adherence patterns of Escherichia roll strains isolated from the stools of eight symptomatic AIDS patients were compared with those of five control strains with known adherence patterns, One clinical isolate from a patient with attaching-and-effacing enteropathy displayed the localized adherence attaching-and-effacing pattern typical of enteropathogenic E. coli on HEp-2 cells, five isolates displayed the ''stacked-brick'' aggregative adherence pattern typical of enteroaggregative E. coli strains, and one isolate showed the pattern characteristic of diffusely adherent E, fall, One patient's isolate displayed features of all three patterns. No clinical isolate hybridized with standard probes for enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, diffusely adherent, enterotoxigenic, and enteroinvasive E. coli strains. Thus, isolates from symptomatic: AIDS patients in the United States can display the same interactive patterns with HEp-2 cells as the agents of pediatric or traveler's diarrhea, but lack their typical virulence factors. C1 GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,DIV GASTROENTEROL,NEW YORK,NY 10025. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1952 EP 1958 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XL745 UT WOS:A1997XL74500007 PM 9230362 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Kellerman, S Yakrus, M Brim, S Good, RC Finelli, L Jarvis, WR McNeil, MM AF Ashford, DA Kellerman, S Yakrus, M Brim, S Good, RC Finelli, L Jarvis, WR McNeil, MM TI Pseudo-outbreak of septicemia due to rapidly growing mycobacteria associated with extrinsic contamination of culture supplement SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEK AFB; CHELONAE; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; DIALYSIS; THERAPY; SYSTEM AB Between April and December 1994, 23 blood cultures from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients grew rapidly growing mycobacteria suspected to be Mycobacterium chelonae al a hospital in New Jersey. The isolates were later identified as M. abscessus, Several bacterial species, including M. abscessus, were cultured from an opened multidose supplement vial (BBL Septi-Chek AFB Supplement) that had been used for mycobacterial blood cultures. The M. abscessus isolates from case patients and the supplement vial had identical multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, Finding a contaminated vial of supplement, together with the lack of a distinct syndrome in case patients, was consistent with a pseudo-outbreak. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,PRINCETON,NJ. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE MS-A23,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2040 EP 2042 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XL745 UT WOS:A1997XL74500022 PM 9230377 ER PT J AU Messmer, TO Skelton, SK Moroney, JF Daugharty, H Fields, BS AF Messmer, TO Skelton, SK Moroney, JF Daugharty, H Fields, BS TI Application of a nested, multiplex PCR to psittacosis outbreaks SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; INFECTIONS AB We developed a nested, multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of three species of chlamydiae in human and avian specimens, The PCR was designed to increase sensitivity and to circumvent inhibitors of PCR present in clinical specimens. The target sequence was the 16S rRNA gene, The first-step PCR was genus specific, and the second step PCR was multiplexed (i.e., had multiple primer sets in the same tube) and could discriminate among Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia trachomatis on the basis of the molecular weight of the amplicon. The limit of detection of each of the two PCR steps was 5 inclusion-forming units, We used PCR and serologic evidence during outbreaks of psittacosis to infer that C. psittaci had been transmitted from birds purchased in pet stores to humans, We also used this method to test both live and dead birds from pet stores for infection with C. psittaci. Compared with culture, the application of PCR to avian specimens increased the rate of C. psittaci detection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2043 EP 2046 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XL745 UT WOS:A1997XL74500023 PM 9230378 ER PT J AU Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Massung, RF AF Sumner, JW Nicholson, WL Massung, RF TI PCR amplification and comparison of nucleotide sequences from the groESL heat shock operon of Ehrlichia species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TICK-BORNE FEVER; CAUSATIVE AGENT; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; UNITED-STATES; CHAFFEENSIS AB Degenerate PCR primers derived from conserved regions of the eubacterial groESL heat shock operon were used to amplify groESL sequences of Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), Ehrlichia canis, Bartonella henselae, and Rickettsia rickettsii, The groESL nucleotide sequences were less conserved than the previously determined 16S rRNA gene sequences of these bacteria, A phylogenetic tree derived from deduced GroEL amino acid sequences was similar to trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, Nucleotide sequences obtained from clinical samples containing E. equi, E. phagocytophila, or the HGE agent were very similar (99.9 to 99.0% identity), and the deduced amino acid sequences were identical, Some divergence was evident between nucleotide sequences amplified from samples originating from the United States (E. equi and the HGE agent) and sequences from the European species, E. phagocytophila, A single pair of PCR primers derived from these sequences was used to detect E. chaffeensis and HGE agent DNA in blood samples from human patients with ehrlichiosis. RP Sumner, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP G-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 162 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2087 EP 2092 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XL745 UT WOS:A1997XL74500032 PM 9230387 ER PT J AU Padhye, AA Gutekunst, RW Smith, DJ Punithalingam, E AF Padhye, AA Gutekunst, RW Smith, DJ Punithalingam, E TI Maxillary sinusitis caused by Pleurophomopsis lignicola SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL SINUSITIS; PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; BIPOLARIS; EXSEROHILUM; HAWAIIENSIS; INFECTIONS; DISEASE AB An immunocompetent 59-year-old mars developed sinusitis over a 6- to 8-month period after cutting down a rotted maple tree (Acer sp.). A polypoid obstruction with a bloody drainage was evident in his right nasal cavity, A computed tomographic scan showed an opacification of the maxillary sinus, Surgery was performed to remove a fungus bail that had extended into the patient's medial sinus cavity. Sections of the sinonasal mucosa revealed marked acute and chronic sinusitis with inflammation, congestion, and hemorrhage. Sections from the pasty brown to black debrided material revealed a fungus ball consisting of an extensive network of brown-pigmented, septate, profusely branched hyphae. When grown an oat agar, the phaeoid fungus produced pycnidia and was identified as Pleurophomopsis lignicola. The gentes Pleurophomopsis includes seven species, with are all known from plant material. This report documents for the first time a coelomycetous fungus,P. lignicola, causing sinusitis in an immunocompetent patient. C1 COMMUNITY HOSP,MUNSTER,IN 46321. INT MYCOL INST,EGHAM TW20 9TY,SURREY,ENGLAND. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 35 IS 8 BP 2136 EP 2141 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XL745 UT WOS:A1997XL74500043 PM 9230398 ER PT J AU Guris, D Strebel, PM Tachdjian, R Bardenheier, B Wharton, M Hadler, SC AF Guris, D Strebel, PM Tachdjian, R Bardenheier, B Wharton, M Hadler, SC TI Effectiveness of the pertussis vaccination program as determined by use of the screening method: United States, 1992-1994 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 17, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; WHOOPING-COUGH; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; SEVERITY; CHICAGO AB The screening method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccination program in the United States during 1992-1994. The formula VE = 1 -[PCV/(1 - PCV)][(1 - PPV)/PPV] was used (VE = vaccine effectiveness; PCV = proportion of cases vaccinated; PPV = proportion of population vaccinated). Data from the national Supplementary Pertussis Surveillance System and the National Health interview Survey were used to determine PCV and PPV, respectively. Among children aged 7-18 months, VE for 3 doses of pertussis vaccine was 79% (95% confidence interval, 74%-83%) for preventing culture-confirmed pertussis. Between the ages of 19 and 47 months, VE for greater than or equal to 4 doses was 90% (95% confidence interval, 88%-92%). VE estimates appeared lower in epidemic (1993) than non-epidemic years (1992, 1994). VE estimates determined using the screening method were consistent with the previous estimates from the United States. This method will continue to be useful for assessing the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccination program in the United States, where acellular pertussis vaccines are recommended for infants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 176 IS 2 BP 456 EP 463 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XW859 UT WOS:A1997XW85900019 PM 9237712 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, R McDonnell, S Reef, S Licitra, C Hankins, M Toth, B Padhye, A Kaufman, L Pasarell, L Cooper, C Hutwagner, L Hopkins, R McNeil, M AF Hajjeh, R McDonnell, S Reef, S Licitra, C Hankins, M Toth, B Padhye, A Kaufman, L Pasarell, L Cooper, C Hutwagner, L Hopkins, R McNeil, M TI Outbreak of sporotrichosis among tree nursery workers SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 95th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 21-25, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS; SPHAGNUM MOSS; EPIDEMIC; ITRACONAZOLE AB In spring 1994, an outbreak of sporotrichosis occurred at a tree nursery in Florida; 9 (14%) of 65 workers involved in production of sphagnum moss topiaries developed lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, A cohort study of all 65 employees was conducted to identify risk factors for sporotrichosis, and an environmental investigation was done, The risk of sporotrichosis increased significantly with the duration of working with sphagnum moss (P < .05), in particular with filling topiaries (P < .05), and with having less gardening experience (P < .05), Wearing gloves was protective (P < .005), Sporothrix schenckii was cultured from patients and sphagnum moss used in topiary production, Use of restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed an identical pattern for patient isolates that was different from the patterns of environmental isolates, Physicians should be aware of sporotrichosis in patients with ulcerative skin lesions who have a history of occupational or recreational exposure to sphagnum moss. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ORLANDO REG MED CTR INC,ORLANDO,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PATHOL,GALVESTON,TX. RP Hajjeh, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 176 IS 2 BP 499 EP 504 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XW859 UT WOS:A1997XW85900025 PM 9237718 ER PT J AU Folks, T Rowe, T Villinger, F Parekh, B Mayne, A Anderson, D McClure, H Ansari, AA AF Folks, T Rowe, T Villinger, F Parekh, B Mayne, A Anderson, D McClure, H Ansari, AA TI Immune stimulation may contribute to enhanced progression of SIV induced disease in rhesus macaques SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SIV; AIDS; nonhuman primate; immune enhancement ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; INFECTION; MONKEYS; HIV; AIDS; PATHOGENESIS; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS; THERAPY AB A number of rhesus macaques experimentally infected with SIV isolates such as SIVmac251, fail to seroconvert, develop high plasma viremia and die rapidly (within 6-7 months p.i.). We hypothesized that such rapid progression is a result of a state of hyperimmune activation and concomitant immune suppression of these animals at the time of virus challenge. In efforts to test the hypothesis that immune activation leads to rapid progression of lentivirus-induced disease, adult rhesus macaques were infected with SIVmac251 and received an alternate monthly schedule of repeated immunization with allogeneic cells, keyhole limpet hemocyanin and tetanus toroid (group I). For purposes of controls, a group of monkeys was infected with the same pool and dose of virus but were not immunized (group II) and a group was immunized with the same schedule of multiple antigens as group I but were not infected with SIV (group III). All the animals in group I (n=3) either failed to seroconvert or developed very low levels of SIV antibodies, had high plasma p27 defined antigenemia, and died within 8 months (2/3 died within 4 months). Of the animals in group LI (n=8), two patterns emerged as we had noted before. One subgroup (3 animals), displayed the same profile as group I (failure to fully seroconvert, high p27 levels and death by 8 months), whereas the other subgroup (5 animals) seroconverted, had low plasma p27 levels, and survived past II months (2/5 still alive past 22 months). All 3 animals in group III remained healthy. The data provided herein suggest that either experimental or natural (due to factors not clear at present) immune stimulation may lead to accelerated lentivirus induced disease progression most likely due to immune suppression and has implications for the understanding of the mechanisms for the rate of disease progression in human HIV-1 infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,YERKES PRIMATE CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165]; PHS HHS [R01-27057-06] NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA YG918 UT WOS:A1997YG91800001 PM 9416568 ER PT J AU Kisner, SM Pratt, SG AF Kisner, SM Pratt, SG TI Occupational fatalities among older workers in the United States: 1980-1991 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEATH CERTIFICATE; INDUSTRY DATA; LABOR-FORCE; INJURIES; ACCURACY AB Workers aged 65 and older had a workplace fatality rate 2.6 times that of workers aged 16 to 64 for 1980 through 1991 (14.1 per 100,000 vs 5.4), according to National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) data. The highest rates were in mining; agriculture, and construction. Compared with Younger workers, older men were at an elevated risk for fatalities caused by machines, and older women for fatal falls and homicide. Prevention efforts should focus on older workers in agricultural settings, as well as those at increased risk of workplace falls or violence. RP Kisner, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, SURVEILLANCE & FIELD INVESTIGAT BRANCH, DIV SAFETY RES,ALOSH,CDC, 1095 WILLOWDALE RD, MORGANTOWN, WV 26505 USA. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 EI 1536-5948 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 39 IS 8 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.1097/00043764-199708000-00005 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XR793 UT WOS:A1997XR79300004 PM 9273874 ER PT J AU James, AM Zhu, XX Oliver, JH AF James, AM Zhu, XX Oliver, JH TI Vitellogenin and ecdysteroid titers in Ixodes scapularis during vitellogenesis SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHODOROS-PARKERI ACARI; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM; HORMONAL-CONTROL; FAT-BODY; TICK; ARGASIDAE; REPRODUCTION; IXODOIDEA; MOUBATA AB Ecdysteroids are the only hormones unequivocally identified thus far in ticks. We found a positive correlation between ecdysteroid concentration and vitellogenin synthesis in female Ixodes scapularis. Vitellogenin (Vg) synthetic activity was measured by an in vitro assay for Vg, involving incubations of the fat body with S-35-methionine and immunoprecipitation collected on a solid-phase matrix, protein A. Vitellogenin synthetic activity in the fat body was undetectable in unfed females but was detected after tick attachment to the host. Vitellogenin production in the fat body remained low from attachment until 2 days prior to detachment from the host. Vitellogenin synthesis in the fat body peaked 2 days after detachment and declined to a level 2-3 times above background from 6 days after dropping from the host through oviposition. A peak of ecdysteroids in females 6 days after attachment preceded an increasing rate of Vg synthesis, suggesting a positive correlation between these parameters. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone, the 2 major ecdysteroids present during vitellogenesis, could not be detected in females prior to feeding or 2 days after attachment to the host; however, concentrations began to increase 4 days after attachment, peaked during rapid engorgement, and subsequently declined. RP James, AM (reprint author), DVBID,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-09556, AI-24899] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 83 IS 4 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.2307/3284224 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XR150 UT WOS:A1997XR15000002 PM 9267393 ER PT J AU Hancock, K Mohamed, YB Xue, HC Noh, J Dotson, EM Tsang, VCW AF Hancock, K Mohamed, YB Xue, HC Noh, J Dotson, EM Tsang, VCW TI A recombinant protein from Schistosoma mansoni useful for the detection of S-mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium antibodies SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT MICROSOMAL ANTIGENS; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEINS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SEROLOGIC REAGENT; STOOL EXAMINATION; FAST-ELISA; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; PURIFICATION; GENE; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS AB A recombinant Schistosoma mansoni protein has been identified as a useful antigen for the detection of S. mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium antibodies. The purified recombinant protein, Sm22.3, was assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format against a battery of 491 well defined sera, including S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum infection sera, normal human sera, sera from 9 other parasitic infections, and sera from 2 additional infections. The sensitivity for detecting S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections with this single recombinant protein is 80.1%, The specificity is 94.8%. However, 15 of the 16 cross-reactive sera are malaria infection sera, and we have data suggesting that these malaria sera are actually recognizing an epitope on the vector-derived 6Xhistidine tag of recombinant Sm22.3, If this is the case, then, the actual specificity of the assay is 99.6%. RP Hancock, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07322] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 83 IS 4 BP 612 EP 618 DI 10.2307/3284233 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA XR150 UT WOS:A1997XR15000009 PM 9267400 ER PT J AU McGuill, MW Kreindel, SM DeMaria, A Rupprecht, C AF McGuill, MW Kreindel, SM DeMaria, A Rupprecht, C TI Knowledge and attitudes of residents in two areas of Massachusetts about rabies and an oral vaccination program in wildlife SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH AB Objective-To compare public knowledge and attitudes about rabies and an oral rabies vaccination program in raccoons. Design-Random-digit dial telephone survey. Sample Population-Residents of 2 areas of Massachusetts. Procedure-Residents of 2 areas of Massachusetts were called to participate in a telephone survey. One area (Cape Ann) included 8 towns, most of which have had rabies in raccoons since 1993. The second area (Cape Cod) included 7 towns, 5 of which have not had rabies in raccoons. Calls were made to 642 persons, and of these, 265 agreed to participate in the survey. Of the nonrespondents who were subsequently contacted again, half agreed to participate. Data were analyzed using a statistical program. Fisher's exact and chi(2) tests were used to determine associations. Results-Residents from the area virtually free of rabies in raccoons were significantly less likely to consider rabies as a potential health threat for children in their household. The perception of rabies as a threat was higher for residents in the endemic area. Residents in both areas considered rabies control to be a high priority and supported use of state funding for an oral vaccination program. Clinical Implications-People recognize dangers associated with rabies and believe that oral vaccination programs will decrease the risk of exposure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,RABIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP McGuill, MW (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS,305 SOUTH ST,JAMAICA PLAIN,MA 02130, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 211 IS 3 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XP093 UT WOS:A1997XP09300018 PM 9262668 ER PT J AU Warner, CK Whitfield, SG Fekadu, M Ho, H AF Warner, CK Whitfield, SG Fekadu, M Ho, H TI Procedures for reproducible detection of rabies virus antigen mRNA and genome in situ in formalin-fixed tissues SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE rabies; formalin-fixed detection; antigen; genome; mRNA; rabies-related ID INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MESSENGER-RNA; MOUSE; BRAIN AB Procedures allowing the reproducible in situ detection of rabies Virus antigen and RNAs (both genome and message) in formalin-fixed tissue are described. These procedures can be used on sequential tissue sections and thereby permit comparison of results from tests detecting both antigen and RNA in the same tissue. This antigen-detecting procedure has also been used to identify both the phylogenetically distant rabies viruses from silver-haired bat and vampire bat and the rabies-related viruses Mokola, Duvenhage, and Lagos bat. One of the critical steps in these procedures is the digestion (and the resulting exposure of the target molecules) with proteinase K. These methods may be useful for the identification of other viruses of public health importance. Because in many situations only formalin-fixed tissue is available for postmortem diagnosis, the technical ability to identify a virus antigen and nucleic acid in such tissues greatly extends potential diagnostic capabilities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Warner, CK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 1997 VL 67 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(97)00068-2 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XQ968 UT WOS:A1997XQ96800002 PM 9274812 ER PT J AU Brill, PA Giles, WH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Davis, DR Jackson, KL Macera, CA AF Brill, PA Giles, WH Keenan, NL Croft, JB Davis, DR Jackson, KL Macera, CA TI Effect of body mass index on activity limitation and mortality among older women: The National Health Interview Survey, 1986-1990 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SELF-RATED HEALTH; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; FOLLOW-UP; RISK-FACTORS; PERCEIVED HEALTH; POPULATION; PREDICTORS; NUTRITION; DISEASE; COHORT AB We assessed the impact of body mass on the association between activity limitations due to chronic conditions and mortality among 24,612 noninstitutionalized white or African American women aged greater than or equal to 65 years who participated in a National Health Interview Survey between 1986 and 1990. We found that more African American women had activity limitations than white women (59% vs 46%, respectively). The difference by race was greatest (19% vs 10%) for the most severe limitation (unable to perform the major activity). For women aged 65-69, the major activity was working or keeping house; for those aged greater than or equal to 70, it was the ability to live independently. For white women in all three categories of body mass index (BMI) and for African American women with BMI 15%-85%, the risk of dying was significantly higher for those unable to perform the major activity than for those with no limitations, controlling for the effects of education, marital status, and perceived health. The findings confirm the established link between low BMI and mortality and between activity limitations and mortality. Additionally, the findings further suggest that activity limitations linked to chronic conditions increase the risk of death within each stratum of BMI after adjusting for potential confounders. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,PREVENT CTR,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1089/jwh.1997.6.435 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA XW097 UT WOS:A1997XW09700022 PM 9279831 ER PT J AU Newton, KM LaCroix, AZ Leveille, SG Rutter, C Keenan, NL Anderson, LA AF Newton, KM LaCroix, AZ Leveille, SG Rutter, C Keenan, NL Anderson, LA TI Women's beliefs and decisions about hormone replacement therapy SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; ATTITUDES; INFORMATION; MENOPAUSE; KNOWLEDGE; PERIMENOPAUSAL; DETERMINANTS; OSTEOPOROSIS; VIEWS AB To examine preventive health practices in older women, we conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews with 1082 women aged 50-80 who were enrollees of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (June-November 1995; 80.3% response rate). We sought to describe the women's reasons for initiating, discontinuing, or not initiating hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT use was categorized as current (42.5%), past (20.9%), or never (36.6%) based on the interviews. The reasons most frequently cited by current users for initiating HRT were menopausal symptoms (47.3%), osteoporosis prevention (32.4%), and physician advice (30.3%). The most frequently cited reasons for quitting HRT were side effects (26.6%), physician's advice (22.9%), fear of cancer (15.4%), and not wanting menstrual periods or bleeding (15.2%). Of past users, 53.8% report-ed stopping HRT on their own, and 46.2% did so at their physician's advice. The reasons most commonly cited by never users for not initiating HRT were that hormones were not needed (49.9%) and that menopause is a natural event (17.9%). Among never users, 33.1% reported considering HRT, only 46.6% discussing it with their provider, and 5.0% being given an HRT prescription they did not fill. Many women made decisions about HRT independent of interactions with health care providers. Better understanding of the beliefs and decisions that influence women's choice to use or not use HRT is needed to develop more effective counseling strategies. C1 NIA,GAITHERSBURG,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Newton, KM (reprint author), GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,1730 MINOR AVE,SUITE 1600,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU009654-04] NR 25 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1089/jwh.1997.6.459 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA XW097 UT WOS:A1997XW09700025 PM 9279834 ER PT J AU Bosshardt, SC Benson, RF Fields, BS AF Bosshardt, SC Benson, RF Fields, BS TI Flagella are a positive predictor for virulence in Legionella SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Legionella; flagella; virulence; Hartmannella vermiformis ID HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS; PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; CONVERSION; PROTEINS; AMEBAS AB Pathogenesis of Legionnaires' disease is strictly related to the ability of the legionellae to infect phagocytic cells, yet surface markers of virulence in Legionella isolates are currently unknown. Rabbit antibodies raised against purified flagella of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 recognized a total of 24 of 30 laboratory-maintained isolates of L. pneumophila serogroups 1-15 and 16 of 24 other Legionella species tested by rapid immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. All isolates possessing flagella detectable with these anti-flagella antibodies, regardless of species, were capable of infecting Hartmannella vermiformis. Isolates lacking immunologic cross-reactivity were shown to lack purifiable flagella. The majority of aflagellate isolates were not motile and failed to multiply intracellularly in co-culture with Hartmannella vermiformis. Some isolates characterized as aflagellate when harvested from BCYE agar were able to multiply in amoebae, and flagella were subsequently detectable by immunologic methods. These data suggest that lack of immunologic recognition of flagella in laboratory-maintained isolates of Legionella is due to their attenuation and a corresponding loss of expression of flagella. More importantly, the presence of flagella can serve as a positive predictive marker for strain virulence and is useful in determining the virulence status of Legionella isolates. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 BINAX INC,PORTLAND,ME 04103. RP Bosshardt, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 2 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1006/mpat.1997.0134 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA XQ057 UT WOS:A1997XQ05700006 PM 9245622 ER PT J AU Dietz, PM Gazmararian, JA Goodwin, MM Bruce, FC Johnson, CH Rochat, RW AF Dietz, PM Gazmararian, JA Goodwin, MM Bruce, FC Johnson, CH Rochat, RW TI Delayed entry into prenatal care: Effect of physical violence SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; PREGNANCY; ABUSE AB Objective: To assess whether women who experienced physical violence by their partner during the 12 months before delivery were more likely to delay entry into prenatal care than were women who had not experienced physical violence. Methods: We analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. The sample included 27,836 women who delivered live infants during 1993-1994 in nine states and were surveyed 2-6 months after delivery. We calculated risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to measure the association between physical violence within the 12 months before delivery and entry into prenatal care. Results: The prevalence of delayed entry into prenatal care (entering after the first trimester) was 18.1% and that of reported physical violence was 4.7%. Overall, women who experienced physical violence were 1.8 times more likely (95% CI 1.5, 2.1) to have delayed entry into prenatal care than women who had not experienced such violence. When stratifying by selected maternal characteristics, this association was found only for groups of women who were 25 years of age or older or were of higher socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Older women and women of higher socioeconomic status who reported physical violence were more likely to delay entry into prenatal care than younger or less affluent women. ((C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.) C1 PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Dietz, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MS K-22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 16 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00252-4 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XM912 UT WOS:A1997XM91200014 PM 9241297 ER PT J AU Scott, CL Chavez, GF Atrash, HK Taylor, DJ Shah, RS Rowley, D AF Scott, CL Chavez, GF Atrash, HK Taylor, DJ Shah, RS Rowley, D TI Hospitalizations for severe complications of pregnancy, 1987-1992 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRETERM DELIVERY; INFANT-MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH; HETEROGENEITY; POPULATION; AMERICANS; WOMEN; CARE AB Objective: To compute ratios of severe pregnancy complications (the number of hospitalizations for pregnancy complications per 100 deliveries) and to examine factors associated with their prevalence. Methods: Using population-based California hospital discharge data to estimate hospitalization ratios of pregnancy complications during 1987-1992, we defined cases by preselected pregnancy complication codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, excluding induced abortions and delivery-associated complications. All hospital deliveries of liveborn or stillborn infants were included in our denominator. We examined ratios by age, race-ethnicity, payment source, total hospitalization charges, and length of hospital stay. Results: There were 833,264 hospitalizations for pregnancy complications in California (25 complications per 100 deliveries), which included admissions for preterm labor (33%), genitourinary infection (16%), and pregnancy-induced hypertension (15%). Age-specific ratios were highest for women 14 years old and younger (38 per 100 deliveries) and lowest for women 25-29 years old (23 per 100 deliveries). Ratios of complications varied by race-ethnicity; black women had the highest (42 per 100 deliveries), and Asian-Pacific Islander women had the lowest (21 per 100 deliveries). Ratios were unaffected by payment source. In 1987, Medicaid charges were $118 million for 33% of the number of total hospitalizations for complications. In 1992, such Medicaid hospitalizations accounted for $356 million (49%) of the $734 million in total charges and for 183,295 (45%) of the 409,000 total hospital days. Conclusion: Our results showed disparities in ratios of severe complications of pregnancy by age and race-ethnicity as well as a shift of financial burden to Medicaid. These findings suggest that such complications may be reduced by identifying risk factors and targeting high-risk groups. ((C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.) C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH EPIDEMIOL SECT,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP Scott, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30431, USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00230-5 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XM912 UT WOS:A1997XM91200015 PM 9241298 ER PT J AU Duerr, A Sierra, MF Feldman, J Clarke, LM Ehrlich, I Dehovitz, J AF Duerr, A Sierra, MF Feldman, J Clarke, LM Ehrlich, I Dehovitz, J TI Immune compromise and prevalence of Candida vulvovaginitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS; ALBICANS; VAGINITIS AB Objective: To investigate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on vaginal yeast colonization and symptomatic vulvovaginitis and to explore the effects of immune compromise on these conditions in HIV-positive women. Methods: Between September 1991 and May 1993, 223 HIV-positive women without AIDS-defining conditions were enrolled for prospective follow-up and compared with 289 HIV-negative women enrolled in a concurrent study. Standardized gynecologic assessment was carried out. Results: Cultures from 81 of 223 (36%) HIV-positive women and 72 of 289 (25%) HIV-negative women were positive for any yeast. The most commonly isolated yeasts were Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata; the proportion of non-C albicans isolates (26%) did not differ by serostatus. The rates of C albicans colonization and vulvovaginitis among immunocompetent (CD4 count at least 500 cells/mm(3)) HIV-positive women did not differ from those among HIV-negative women. Among HIV-positive women, risks for colonization and for symptomatic vulvovaginitis were increased approximately threefold and fourfold, respectively, in women with CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm(3) compared with either immunocompetent HIV-positive women or HIV-negative women. Conclusion: The yeast species isolated from HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were similar. Rates of vaginal colonization and vaginitis were similar among nonimmunocompromised HIV-positive women and HIV-negative women. Elevated rates of yeast colonization and vaginitis were not seen among this population of HIV-infected women before immune compromise. Both vaginal colonization and symptomatic vaginitis increased with immune compromise among HIV-positive women, especially at CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm(3). (C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WHFB,DRH,NCCDPHP,HIV SECT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MAILSTOP K-34,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [CSA-94-134]; NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-95014]; PHS HHS [R01-A2-31834] NR 17 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2 BP 252 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00253-6 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XM912 UT WOS:A1997XM91200021 PM 9241304 ER PT J AU Bosshardt, SC Freeman, GL Secor, WE Colley, DG AF Bosshardt, SC Freeman, GL Secor, WE Colley, DG TI IL-10 deficit correlates with chronic, hypersplenomegaly syndrome in male CBA/J mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE S-mansoni; schistosomiasis; cytokine; Interleukin 10; immunoregulation; immunopathogenesis ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SOLUBLE EGG ANTIGENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS; INTERLEUKIN-10; DEPOSITION; SPLEENS AB Twenty weeks after moderate level infections with Schistosoma mansoni, approximately 20% of male CBA/J mice develop hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) while the rest present with moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS). HSS and MSS mice differ pathophysiologically (degree of splenomegaly, anaemia, ascites, periportal fibrosis, portal hypertension) and immunologically with regard to antibodies (idiotypic expression, isotype levels) to schistosome soluble egg antigens (SEA), and spleen cell phenotypic profiles. This study compared in vitro proliferative responses and IL-2, IFN gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 production by spleen cells from uninfected mice and mice with acute (8 wk), MSS or HSS schistosomiasis mansoni, upon exposure to anti-CD3(epsilon) or SEA. Spleen cells from uninfected mice produce IL-2 to anti-CD3(epsilon), but exposure of cells from all three groups of infected mice to anti-CD3(epsilon) or SEA led to only very low levels of supernatant IL-2. Anti-CD3(epsilon)- or SEA-stimulated production of IFN gamma or IL-4, and anti-CD3(epsilon)-stimulated production of IL-10, displayed similar patterns: highest cytokine production by cells from mice with acute infections and lower levels of production that did not differ between the two chronic groups. In contrast, while SEA-stimulated IL-10 production was again highest with cells from mice with acute infections, spleen cells from mice with MSS produced significantly more IL-10 than did those from mice with HSS. This association of low levels of antigen-induced IL-10 with severe pathology is consistent with the theory that IL-10 plays a role in the immunoregulation that occurs in chronic schistosomiasis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,IMMUNOL BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US PHS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 11289] NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 19 IS 8 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1997.d01-224.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA XW233 UT WOS:A1997XW23300002 PM 9292893 ER PT J AU Houseman, C Butterfoss, FD Morrow, AL Rosenthal, J AF Houseman, C Butterfoss, FD Morrow, AL Rosenthal, J TI Focus groups among public, military, and private sector mothers: Insights to improve the immunization process SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB The underimmunization of children younger than 2 years old is a major health problem in U.S. cities. Innovative methods to increase immunization rates are being researched and implemented. In 1993, six focus groups were conducted with 41 mothers (25 African Americans and 16 Caucasians) to discuss their views regarding immunizations and the services they received from health care providers in the public health (n = 27), military (it = 4), and private (n = 10) sectors. Participants viewed immunizations positively, but perceived many barriers to immunization. They suggested the following ways to improve the immunization process: enhancing knowledge acquisition, improving reminder and appointment systems, providing transportation and child care, decreasing waiting times, improving the clinic environment, and making the immunizations less traumatic. According to mothers in this study, obtaining an immunization on time is a complex task that requires planning and resources. The fewer resources that are available to mothers, the more difficult it is to succeed. Health care providers must help mothers identify and remove barriers if immunization rates are to be increased. C1 EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA 23501. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP Houseman, C (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,URBAN HLTH SERV,COLL HLTH SCI,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 14 IS 4 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1997.tb00296.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA XQ620 UT WOS:A1997XQ62000006 PM 9270288 ER PT J AU Hogue, A White, P Guard-Petter, J Schlosser, W Gast, R Ebel, E Farrar, J Gomez, T Madden, J Madison, M McNamara, AM Morales, R Parham, D Sparling, P Sutherlin, W Swerdlow, D AF Hogue, A White, P Guard-Petter, J Schlosser, W Gast, R Ebel, E Farrar, J Gomez, T Madden, J Madison, M McNamara, AM Morales, R Parham, D Sparling, P Sutherlin, W Swerdlow, D TI Epidemiology and control of egg-associated Salmonella Enteritidis in the United States of America SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; food safety; public health; poultry; Salmonella Enteritidis; United States of America ID PHAGE TYPE-4; INFECTIONS; VIRULENCE; PLASMIDS; ENGLAND; POULTRY AB The isolation rate for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) in humans in the United States of America (USA) increased from 1,207 sporadic isolates identified in 1976 (0.6 isolates/100,000 population) to 10,201 identified in 1995 (4.0/100,000 population). The proportion of reported Salmonella isolates which were SE increased from 5% to 25% during the same time period. In 1990, 1994, and 1995, SE was the most commonly reported Salmonella serotype in the USA. Much of this increase has been associated with the consumption of contaminated shell eggs. An examination of the results of a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) survey of spent hens at slaughter and unpasteurised liquid egg at breaker plants (liquid egg processors) in 1991 and 1995 reveals an increase in the prevalence of SE isolates overall and in most regions of the USA. SE phage type 4 (pt 4), the predominant SE phage type in other parts of the world, has emerged in the egg industry in the western USA concurrent with a sharp increase in the number of sporadic human SE pt 4 isolates in California and Utah. Research on the molecular structure and virulence of SE pt 4 isolates from the USA as compared with isolates from other parts of the world (human and poultry) should be a priority. A comparison of DNA from pt 4 isolates from the USA and Europe may provide information about the potential threat to public health and poultry in the USA from this phage type. Some regional success in the reduction of human illness as a result of SE control efforts is apparent. The Pennsylvania Egg Quality Assurance Program has shown progress in reducing SE infection in participating flocks. At a national level, however, neither the incidence of human illness due to SE nor the prevalence of SE in flocks and unpasteurised liquid eggs have decreased significantly, despite the implementation of the USDA 'trace back' regulation from 1990 to 1995, and intensified efforts to educate food handlers and to enforce safe food handling pra cti ces. More effort is needed to control SE at every stage of the egg continuum, from production through to consumption. A risk-reduction approach, with barriers to the introduction and multiplication of the pathogen throughout the farm-to-table continuum, is the most practical method for reducing human illness from SE in shell eggs at present. An effective long-term solution will require interdisciplinary efforts involving government, industry, consumers, and academics. Interventions should be developed and evaluated in compliance with the potential for reducing the risk to human health and cost-effectiveness. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20005 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Hlth & Human Serv 1042, Ctr Food Safety, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Hlth & Human Serv 1042, Ctr Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hogue, A (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Room 6913A,Franklin Court Suite,1099 14th St NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 31 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 8 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 542 EP 553 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700026 PM 9501367 ER PT J AU Tollefson, L Altekruse, SF Potter, ME AF Tollefson, L Altekruse, SF Potter, ME TI Therapeutic antibiotics in animal feeds and antibiotic resistance SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal feeds; antibiotic resistance; public health; surveillance; veterinary drugs; zoonotic pathogens ID MULTIRESISTANT SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CATTLE; EPIDEMIC; HEALTH; DT104 AB Recent statutory changes involving animal drugs are expected to facilitate the therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal feeds in the United States of America. The use of antibiotics in animal feeds is controversial due to the potential development of resistant bacterial pathogens in food-producing animals which are exposed to the antibiotics and the resultant public health risk. Zoonotic micro-organisms can be transmitted to humans through contact with animal populations, either directly or through the consumption of contaminated food. Recommendations to address the public health concerns include the strengthening of professional education in the areas of infectious diseases and the appropriate selection and use of antimicrobial agents, the development of a comprehensive food safety education programme for food-animal veterinarians and animal producers, and the development of surveillance programmes to monitor antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic pathogens. Early identification of emerging resistance can facilitate a timely and appropriate public health response. C1 US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tollefson, L (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, 7500 Standish Pl, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 2 BP 709 EP 715 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA YX445 UT WOS:000072040700043 PM 9501383 ER PT J AU Morata, TC Fiorini, AC Fischer, FM Colacioppo, S Wallingford, KM Krieg, EF Dunn, DE Gozzoli, L Padrao, MA Cesar, CLG AF Morata, TC Fiorini, AC Fischer, FM Colacioppo, S Wallingford, KM Krieg, EF Dunn, DE Gozzoli, L Padrao, MA Cesar, CLG TI Toluene-induced hearing loss among rotogravure printing workers SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE biological monitoring; ethanol; ethyl acetate; hippuric acid; interaction; noise ID TERM COMBINED EXPOSURE; METHYLATED BENZENE-DERIVATIVES; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; OTONEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS; SOLVENT EXPOSURE; AUDITORY-SYSTEM; VISUAL SYSTEMS; N-HEXANE; RATS; NOISE AB Objectives This study explored the effects of occupational exposure to solvents and noise on the hearing of rotogravure printing workers from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods The study group comprised 124 workers exposed to various levels of noise and an organic solvent mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Data on work history, psychosocial aspects of the job, medical history, present health, stress, occupational and nonoccupational exposures to noise or chemicals, and life-style factors were collected through an interview. The participants underwent pure-tone audiometry and immittance audiometry testing. Their exposures to noise and solvents were assessed. Results Forty-nine percent of the workers had hearing loss. From the numerous variables that were analyzed for their contribution to the development of hearing loss (age, tenure, noise dose, solvent concentrations in air, biological marker for toluene, job category, work and medical history items, smoking, alcohol consumption, work perception scores, nonoccupational exposures), age and hippuric acid (the biologic marker for toluene in urine) were the only variables that met the significance level criterion in the final multiple logistic regression model. The odds ratio estimates for hearing loss were 1.07 times greater for each increment of 1 year of age [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-1.11] and 1.76 times greater for each gram of hippuric acid per gram of creatinine (95% CI 1.00-2.98). Conclusions The findings suggest that exposure to toluene has a toxic effect on the auditory system. Further research is needed on the mechanisms underlying the effects of toluene and on the adequacy of current recommended exposure limits. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV SAO PAULO,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA SAO PAULO,DIV EDUC & REHABIL COMMUN DISORDERS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV SAO PAULO,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SAO PAULO,SP,BRAZIL. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Cesar, Chester/H-5041-2012; Fischer , Frida /I-1486-2012 NR 43 TC 75 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 289 EP 298 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XW434 UT WOS:A1997XW43400007 PM 9322820 ER PT J AU Henderson, DW Rantanen, J Barnhart, S Dement, JM DeVuyst, P Hillerdal, G Huuskonen, MS Kivisaari, L Kusaka, Y Lahdensuo, A Langard, S Mowe, G Okubo, T Parker, JE Roggli, VL Rodelsperger, K Rosler, J Tossavainen, A Woitowitz, HJ AF Henderson, DW Rantanen, J Barnhart, S Dement, JM DeVuyst, P Hillerdal, G Huuskonen, MS Kivisaari, L Kusaka, Y Lahdensuo, A Langard, S Mowe, G Okubo, T Parker, JE Roggli, VL Rodelsperger, K Rosler, J Tossavainen, A Woitowitz, HJ TI Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer: the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH, DEPT IND HYG & TOXICOL, FIN-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND. FLINDERS MED CTR, BEDFORD PK, SA, AUSTRALIA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DURHAM, NC USA. CLIN UNIV BRUSSELS, HOP ERASME, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM. KAROLINSKA HOSP, S-10401 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN. UNIV HELSINKI, CENT HOSP, HELSINKI, FINLAND. FUKUI MED SCH, FUKUI 91011, JAPAN. TAMPERE UNIV HOSP, TAMPERE, FINLAND. NATL HOSP, OSLO, NORWAY. UNIV OSLO, DEPT SOCIAL INSURANCE MED, OSLO, NORWAY. UNIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH, KITAKYUSHU, FUKUOKA 807, JAPAN. NIOSH, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. UNIV GIESSEN, GIESSEN, GERMANY. NR 0 TC 186 Z9 193 U1 1 U2 7 PU SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 EI 1795-990X J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1997 VL 23 IS 4 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XW434 UT WOS:A1997XW43400011 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Sempos, CT AF Gillum, RF Sempos, CT TI The end of the long-term decline in stroke mortality in the United States? SO STROKE LA English DT Editorial Material DE cerebrovascular disorders; mortality; racial differences; stroke prevention ID AMERICANS; TRENDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 36 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD AUG PY 1997 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1527 EP 1529 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XQ013 UT WOS:A1997XQ01300001 PM 9259744 ER PT J AU Pickle, LW Mungiole, M Gillum, RF AF Pickle, LW Mungiole, M Gillum, RF TI Geographic variation in stroke mortality in blacks and whites in the United States SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE blacks; geography; cerebrovascular disorders; mortality; southeastern United States ID BELT; REGION; AGE AB Background and Purpose We sought to determine whether the ''Stroke Belt'' has continued to shift and to assess variation in geographic patterns by age, sex, and race. Methods Mortality data for Health Service Areas for 1988 to 1992 were used for analyses of geographic mortality patterns for stroke by race, sex, and age (50, 70, and 90 years). Results In 1988 to 1992, considerable geographic variation in stroke mortality was demonstrated for each sex/race group. In black and white women and men, previously described high mortality in the southeastern United States persisted. Mortality rates were generally higher in the South than in the North and in the East than in the West. Compared with data from 1962 to 1988, there was a continuation of the previously described westward shift of high-rate areas to the Mississippi River valley, a trend more marked at age 50 years than at 70 or 90 years. Although rates in the Pacific region were low overall, a surprising area of high rates was seen in southern California among women at all three ages examined. Conclusions In whites, rapid declines in stroke mortality in the Southeast have left West South Central states with relatively high mortality rates; this trend may continue as younger cohorts age. However, rates in the Southeast also remain high, especially for blacks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF RES & METHODOL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 41 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD AUG PY 1997 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1639 EP 1647 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XQ013 UT WOS:A1997XQ01300021 PM 9259762 ER PT J AU Herrera, GA Lackritz, EM Janssen, RS Raimondi, VP Dodd, RY AberleGrasse, J Petersen, LR AF Herrera, GA Lackritz, EM Janssen, RS Raimondi, VP Dodd, RY AberleGrasse, J Petersen, LR TI Serologic test for syphilis as a surrogate marker for human immunodeficiency virus infection among United States blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION; RISK; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; ANTIGEN; COST AB BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the usefulness of the serologic test for syphilis (STS) in preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C viruses, and human T-lymphotropic virus via the transfusion of seronegative, infectious window-period blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Demographic and laboratory information on blood donations made between January 1992 and June 1994 in 18 American Red Cross regions was analyzed. It was assumed that the same proportion of HIV-positive and HIV-infectious window-period donations reacted on STS and were negative on other screening tests (hepatitis B and C viruses and human T-lymphotropic virus). This proportion multiplied by the estimated number of HIV-infectious window-period donations is the number of postscreening HIV-infectious donations removed by STS. RESULTS: Of 4,468,570 donations, 12,145 (0.27%) were STS positive and 377 (0.008%) were HIV positive. Among donations that were negative on other screening tests, STS-reactive donations were 12 times more likely to be HIV positive (odds ratio = 11.9; 95% CI = 5,26). However, of an estimated 13 infectious window-period donations, 0.2 would have been removed because of a reactive STS, at a cost of over $16 million. CONCLUSION: STS is a poor marker and a costly strategy for preventing post-screening HIV infections and other blood-borne diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ORKAND CORP,ATLANTA,GA. AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1997 VL 37 IS 8 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1997.37897424407.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA XT165 UT WOS:A1997XT16500011 PM 9280329 ER PT J AU Arko, RJ Smith, S Chen, CY AF Arko, RJ Smith, S Chen, CY TI Neisseria gonorrhoeae: vaginal clearance and its correlation with resistance to infection in subcutaneous chambers in orally immunized estradiol-primed mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Niesseria oral immunization ID OUTER-MEMBRANE AB The rate of clearance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vaginal specimens harvested from inbred Balb/c and outbred (Institute of Cancer Research [ICR]) white mice, previously primed with saline or beta-estradiol and then challenged with live gonococci, was determined. Survival of gonococci was significantly (P < 0.05) better in estradiol-primed mice from both inbred and outbred lines at 24 h after challenge. Vaginal clearance of gonococci from ICR mice parenterally primed with a gonococcal PI-B synthetic peptide and then orally immunized with gamma irradiated, protein III deficient gonococcal cells was significantly (P < 0.001) faster than in corresponding nonimmunized, estradiol-primed controls. The more rapid vaginal clearance in the orally immunized mice was correlated with an elevated subcutaneous chamber ID50% (> 100,000 colony forming units) determined for the same groups of mice. Peptide-primed mice orally immunized with irradiated Escherichia coli cells demonstrated a chamber ID50% of <100 CFU and were significantly (P < 0.01) slower to clear gonococci following vaginal challenge. High levels of specific IgA and IgG antibodies to gonococci were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in vaginal wash specimens from orally immunized mice. However, high antibody titers were not always predictive of an increased resistance to vaginal challenge. These models may be helpful in providing more economical and accessible in vivo methods for screening certain gonococcal vaccine candidates before more expensive testing in chimpanzees or humans. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT SMALL ANIM MED & SURG,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. RP Arko, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB,RES LAB,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 15 IS 12-13 BP 1344 EP 1348 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00035-2 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XV342 UT WOS:A1997XV34200010 PM 9302742 ER PT J AU Kendal, AP Snyder, R Garrison, PJ AF Kendal, AP Snyder, R Garrison, PJ TI Validation of cold chain procedures suitable for distribution of vaccines by public health programs in the USA SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine transportation; vaccine distribution; cold-chain ID WEAK LINK; STORAGE AB To enhance quality assurance of vaccine distribution by public health programs in the US, various methods for packing vaccines were validated. Validation involved both tests in an environmental chamber and actual shipping of packages by commercial overnight delivery service. Dry ice was used with vaccines needing to be kept at temperatures lower than -14 degrees C, and water-based cold packs with other vaccines, The latter could be used in two ways. When frozen, and placed over two or three faces of well-insulated boxes, assortments of vaccines were kept cold but not frozen for 2 days or more. However packages with -15 degrees C cold packs may reach <0 degrees C. When cold packs at refrigerator temperature cover four to six faces of well insulated boxes, vaccine freezing in winter conditions or warming in temperate conditions was slowed considerably. These approaches, which require materials costing less than approximate to 1% of the cost of the vaccines they protect, provide examples of packaging suitable for overnight delivery of vaccines in the US in different seasons. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 15 IS 12-13 BP 1459 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00060-1 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XV342 UT WOS:A1997XV34200029 PM 9302761 ER PT J AU Hu, LB Ngichabe, C Trimarchi, CV Esposito, JJ Scott, FW AF Hu, LB Ngichabe, C Trimarchi, CV Esposito, JJ Scott, FW TI Raccoon poxvirus live recombinant feline panleukopenia virus VP2 and rabies virus glycoprotein bivalent vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE orthopoxvirus; vaccine; feline panleukopenia virus; raccoon poxvirus; rabies virus ID MINK ENTERITIS VIRUS; CANINE PARVOVIRUS TYPE-2; ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES; PORCINE PARVOVIRUS; DNA; PROTEIN; H-1; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB A raccoon poxvirus (RCNV) recombinant for immunizing against feline panleukopenia and rabies was developed by homologous recombination with a chimeric plasmid for insertional inactivation of the RCNV thymidine kinase gene. The recombinant, RCN-FPV/VP2-rabG, coexpressed the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) VP2 protein and the rabies virus spike glycoprotein (rabG) under oppositely oriented vaccinia virus P11 promoters. Cats vaccinated subcutaneously with the recombinant showed relatively high neutralizing antibody responses against rabies virus and FPV, and protection against an otherwise virulent FPV challenge with no drop in white blood cell count. Because of containment constraints, no rabies virus challenges were done, but the high concentrations (> 8 IU) of rabies neutralizing antibodies were consistent with levels that usually indicate an ability to counter the infection. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CORNELL UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,CORNELL FELINE HLTH CTR,ITHACA,NY 14853. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,RABIES LAB,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,POXVIRUS SECT,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG-SEP PY 1997 VL 15 IS 12-13 BP 1466 EP 1472 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(97)00062-5 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA XV342 UT WOS:A1997XV34200030 PM 9302762 ER PT J AU Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA AF Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA TI New frontiers in protein engineering: Artificial mosaic antigens SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1574 BP A1126 EP A1126 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602060 ER PT J AU Monroe, SS Noel, JS Ando, T AF Monroe, SS Noel, JS Ando, T TI Molecular epidemiology and phylogeny of human caliciviruses SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 SU S MA 1575 BP A1127 EP A1127 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ZK302 UT WOS:000073305602061 ER PT J AU Rolfs, RT Joesoef, R Hendershot, EF Rompalo, AM Augenbraun, MH Chiu, M Bolan, G Johnson, SC French, P Steen, E Radolf, JD Larsen, S AF Rolfs, RT Joesoef, R Hendershot, EF Rompalo, AM Augenbraun, MH Chiu, M Bolan, G Johnson, SC French, P Steen, E Radolf, JD Larsen, S TI A randomized trial of enhanced therapy for early syphilis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HIV-INFECTION; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; MEMBRANE IMMUNOGEN; PENICILLIN LEVELS; LATENT SYPHILIS; NEUROSYPHILIS; AIDS AB Background Reports of neurosyphilis and invasion of cerebrospinal fluid by Treponema pallidum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have led to doubts about the adequacy of the recommended penicillin G benzathine therapy for early syphilis. Methods In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, we assessed two treatments for early syphilis: 2.4 million units of penicillin G benzathine and that therapy enhanced with a 10-day course of amoxicillin and probenecid. The serologic and clinical responses of patients with and without HIV infection were studied during one year of follow-up. Results From 1991 through 1994, 541 patients were enrolled, including 101 patients (19 percent) who had HIV infection but differed little from the uninfected patients in their clinical presentations. The rates at which chancres and rashes resolved did not differ significantly according to treatment assignment or HIV status. Serologically defined treatment failures were more common among the HIV-infected patients. The single clinically defined treatment failure was in an HIV-infected patient. Rates of serologically defined treatment failure did not differ according to treatment group (18 percent at six months with usual therapy; 17 percent with enhanced therapy). T. pallidum was found at enrollment in the cerebrospinal fluid of 32 of 131 patients (24 percent) and after therapy in 7 of 35 patients tested. None had clinically evident neurosyphilis, and the rate of detection of T. pallidum did not differ according to HIV status. Conclusions After treatment for primary or secondary syphilis, the HIV-infected patients responded less well serologically than the patients without HIV infection, but clinically defined failure was uncommon in both groups. Enhanced treatment with amoxicillin and probenecid did not improve the outcomes. Although T. pallidum was detected in cerebrospinal fluid before therapy in a quarter of the patients tested, such a finding did not predict treatment failure. The current recommendations for treating early syphilis appear adequate for most patients, whether or not they have HIV infection. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV STD LAB RES, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. BALTIMORE HLTH DEPT, BALTIMORE, MD USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, MED CTR, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR, BROOKLYN, NY 11203 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DALLAS, TX USA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. NATL NAVAL MED CTR, PULM DIS SECT, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. MED COLL PENN & HAHNEMANN UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. PHILADELPHIA DEPT PUBL HLTH, PHILADELPHIA, PA USA. RP Rolfs, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, COMMUN OFF, DIV STD PREVENT, NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT, MAILSTOP E-06, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 260 Z9 274 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 5 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1056/NEJM199707313370504 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN119 UT WOS:A1997XN11900004 PM 9235493 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Mast, EE Gallagher, K AF Ridzon, R Mast, EE Gallagher, K TI Transmission of the human Immunodeficiency virus and the hepatitis C virus - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02130. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 31 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 5 BP 348 EP 349 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XN119 UT WOS:A1997XN11900024 ER PT J AU Rothman, N Cantor, KP Blair, A Bush, D Brook, JW Helzlsouer, K Zahm, SH Needham, LL Pearson, GR Hoover, RN Comstock, GW Strickland, PT AF Rothman, N Cantor, KP Blair, A Bush, D Brook, JW Helzlsouer, K Zahm, SH Needham, LL Pearson, GR Hoover, RN Comstock, GW Strickland, PT TI A nested case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and serum organochlorine residues SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CANCER MORTALITY; DIETARY FACTORS; WORKERS; CONSUMPTION; EXPOSURE AB Background The steady worldwide increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma during the past few decades remains mostly unexplained. Several studies suggest that there may be an association between the agricultural use of the organochlorine 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2'bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and increased. risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We have investigated the association between risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and body burden of selected organochlorines in the general population in a nested case-control study. Methods We measured prediagnostic serum concentrations of DDT, its metabolites, and other organochlorines, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in 74 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 147 matched controls identified from a prospective cohort of 25 802 adults, established in 1974 in Washington County, Maryland, USA. We report results for total lipid-corrected serum concentrations of DDT and total PCBs. Findings There was a strong dose-response relation between quartiles of total lipid-corrected serum PCB concentrations and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma overall (odds ratios by quartile: 1.0; 1.3 [95% CI 0.5-3.3]; 2-8 [1.1-7.6]); and 4.5 [1.7-12.0]; p for trend=0.0008) and separately in men and in women. There was also evidence suggesting that seropositivity for the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen potentiated the effects of serum PCBs. By contrast, total lipid-corrected serum concentrations of DDT were not associated with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Interpretation These results should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Before causal inferences can be made about exposure to PCBs and increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, our findings require replication and the biological plausibility of the association needs further investigation. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Rothman, N (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC EPIDEMIOL & GENET,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA60754]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21670]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES03819] NR 32 TC 131 Z9 137 U1 1 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 26 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9073 BP 240 EP 244 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02088-6 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XM866 UT WOS:A1997XM86600010 PM 9242800 ER PT J AU Kennedy, KA Stoll, BJ Ehrenkranz, RA Oh, W Wright, LL Stevenson, DK Lemons, JA Sowell, A Mele, L Tyson, JE Verter, J AF Kennedy, KA Stoll, BJ Ehrenkranz, RA Oh, W Wright, LL Stevenson, DK Lemons, JA Sowell, A Mele, L Tyson, JE Verter, J TI Vitamin A to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants: Has the dose been too low? SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; retinol; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; chronic lung disease ID RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; A SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA RETINOL; SERUM; PREMATURE; CAROTENE; ESTERS; LIVER; NUTRITION AB Objective: Inconsistent effects of vitamin A supplementation on prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia have been reported. Meta-analysis of these reports resulted in a relative risk of 0.69-1.02 for death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with vitamin A supplementation. Effective dosage regimens or serum retinol concentrations have not been determined in previous reports. The purpose of this pilot study was to define a vitamin A regimen that produces serum retinol concentrations of 25-55 mu g/dl. Study design: In this three-phase study, 91 infants (mean birth weight 799-864 g) were enrolled. Vitamin A was administered three times/week for 4 weeks at an average daily dose of 986-2143 IU/day. Physical examinations were performed and serum retinol specimens were collected weekly to assess clinical signs of toxicity. Results: The majority of serum retinol concentrations remained < 25 mu g/dl until an intramuscular vitamin A dose of 5000 IU/dose three times/week was used. No clinical signs of toxicity were associated with the higher dosage and higher serum concentrations of vitamin A. Conclusion: A large clinical trial of vitamin A supplementation with 5000 IU/dose three times/week (25-114% more than the dose used in the three published clinical trials) is needed to assess whether vitamin A supplementation safely reduces the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight infants. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. BROWN UNIV,WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD,CA 94305. INDIANA UNIV,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46204. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,CTR BIOSTAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP Kennedy, KA (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,5323 HARRY HINES BLVD,E3 600,DALLAS,TX 75235, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [U10 HD27851, U10 HD21373, U10 HD27811] NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD JUL 24 PY 1997 VL 49 IS 1 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0378-3782(97)01869-0 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA XC438 UT WOS:A1997XC43800003 PM 9179535 ER PT J AU Lockwood, R AF Lockwood, R TI Dog-bite-related fatalities - United States, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 467, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURIES PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Lockwood, R (reprint author), HUMANE SOC UNITED STATES,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 4 BP 278 EP 279 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL059 UT WOS:A1997XL05900011 ER PT J AU Holmes, TM Nichols, SB McChesney, T AF Holmes, TM Nichols, SB McChesney, T TI Tornado-associated fatalities - Arkansas, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 412-416, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID INJURIES C1 AMER RED CROSS,DISASTER HLTH SERV,FALLS CHURCH,VA. US DEPT COMMERCE,NOAA,NATL WEATHER SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20230. NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACTIV,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Holmes, TM (reprint author), ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 4 BP 279 EP 280 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL059 UT WOS:A1997XL05900012 ER PT J AU Sullivan, FS Do, AN Robbins, K Kalish, M Subbarao, S Pieniazek, D Schable, C Afaq, G Markowitz, J Myers, R Joseph, JM Benjamin, G AF Sullivan, FS Do, AN Robbins, K Kalish, M Subbarao, S Pieniazek, D Schable, C Afaq, G Markowitz, J Myers, R Joseph, JM Benjamin, G TI Surveillance for variant strains of HIV: Subtype G and group O HIV-1 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. RP Sullivan, FS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 4 BP 292 EP 292 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL059 UT WOS:A1997XL05900028 ER PT J AU Zuber, PLF McKenna, MT Binkin, NJ Onorato, IM Castro, KG AF Zuber, PLF McKenna, MT Binkin, NJ Onorato, IM Castro, KG TI Long-term risk of tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; IMMIGRANTS; CANADA; ADULTS AB Context.-Cases of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States have declined for 4 consecutive years, but cases among foreign-born persons account for an increasing percentage. Objective.-To describe the risk of tuberculosis among foreign-born persons with respect to their length of residence in the United States. Design.-Cross-sectional analysis of national surveillance data. Setting.-The United States. Patients.-All verified TB cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1986 and 1994. Main Outcome Measure.-Stratum-specific incidence rates of TB by age, place of birth, length of residence, age at arrival in the United States, or combinations of these variables. Results.-Several groups of persons from countries with a high prevalence of TB had incidence rates higher than 20 per 100 000 person-years more than 20 years after arrival. Among long-term residents, those who arrived in the United Stales after their fifth birthday had incidence rates of TB 2 to 6 times higher than those of similar age who arrived before their fifth birthday. A total of 45% of the TB cases were among persons younger than 35 years and an additional 18% were among persons who arrived in the United States before their 35th birthday. Conclusions.-Imported Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (active or latent) is responsible for most TB cases among foreign-born persons in the United States. Detection of active cases among recent arrivals is the main priority in these populations, but many cases were in persons who arrived in the United States before the age of 35 years that could potentially have been avoided with preventive therapy. Elimination of TB in the United States may not be feasible using available diagnostic and treatment modalities without increased efforts to address the global burden of this disease. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 165 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 4 BP 304 EP 307 DI 10.1001/jama.278.4.304 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL059 UT WOS:A1997XL05900031 PM 9228436 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Masur, H Jaffe, HW Holmes, KK AF Kaplan, JE Masur, H Jaffe, HW Holmes, KK TI Preventing opportunistic infections in persons infected with HIV: 1997 guidelines SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & STD,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 23 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 4 BP 337 EP 338 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL059 UT WOS:A1997XL05900038 PM 9228443 ER PT J AU Fitch, WM Bush, RM Bender, CA Cox, NJ AF Fitch, WM Bush, RM Bender, CA Cox, NJ TI Long term trends in the evolution of H(3) HA1 human influenza type A SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Genetics and the Origin of Species CY JAN 30-FEB 01, 1997 CL NATL ACAD SCIENCES BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Natl Acad Sciences HO NATL ACAD SCIENCES BECKMAN CTR ID A H3N2 VIRUSES; H1N1; SURVEILLANCE; HEMAGGLUTININ; MUTATIONS; FIXATION; VARIANTS; CODON AB We have studied the HA1 domain of 254 human influenza A(H3N2) virus genes for clues that might help identify characteristics of hemagglutinins (HAs) of circulating strains that are predictive of that strain's epidemic potential. Our preliminary findings include the following. (i) The most parsimonious tree found requires 1,260 substitutions of which 712 are silent and 548 are replacement substitutiions. (ii) The HA1 portion of the HA gene is evolving at a rate of 5.7 nucleotide substitutions/year or 5.7 X 10(-3) substitution/site per year. (iii) The replacement substitutions are distributed randomly across the three positions of the codon when allowance is made for the number of ways each codon can change the encoded amino acid. (iv) The replacement substitutions are not distributed randomly over the branches of the tree, there being 2.2 times more changes per tip branch than for non-tip branches. This result is independent of how the virus was amplified (egg grown or kidney cell grown) prior to sequencing or if sequencing was carried out directly on the original clinical specimen by PCR. (v) These excess changes on the tip branches are probably the result of a bias in the choice of strains to sequence and the detection of deterious mutations that had not yet been removed by negative selection. (vi) There are six hypervariable codons accumulating replacement substitutions at an an average rate that is 7.2 times that of the other varied codons. (vii) The number of variable codons in the trunk branches (the winners of the competitive race against the immune system) is 47 +/- 5, significantly fewer than in the twigs (90 +/- 7), which in turn is significantly fewer variable codons than in tip branches (175 +/- 8). (viii) A minimum of one of every 12 branches has nodes at opposite ends representing viruses that reside on different continents. This is, however, no more than would be expected if one were to randomly reassign the continent of origin of the isolates. (ix) Of 99 codons with at least four mutations, 31 have ratios of non-silent to silent changes with probabilities less than 0.05 of occurring by chance, and 14 of those have probabilities <0.005. These observations strongly support positive Darwinian selection. We suggest that the small number of variable positions along the successful trunk lineage, together with knowledge of the codons that have shown positive selection, may provide clues that permit an improved prediction of which strains will cause epidemics and therefore should be used for vaccine production. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Fitch, WM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT BIOL,IRVINE,CA 92692, USA. NR 19 TC 276 Z9 293 U1 2 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 22 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 15 BP 7712 EP 7718 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.15.7712 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XM428 UT WOS:A1997XM42800004 PM 9223253 ER PT J AU Coyne, PE Addiss, DG AF Coyne, PE Addiss, DG TI Deaths associated with ivermectin for scabies SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Coyne, PE (reprint author), US FDA,DIV SPECIAL PATHOGENS & IMMUNOL DRUG PROD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20657, USA. NR 1 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 19 PY 1997 VL 350 IS 9072 BP 215 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)62378-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL722 UT WOS:A1997XL72200049 PM 9250202 ER PT J AU Halpin, TJ Moore, W Waterman, SH Hadler, JL Wilcox, KR Ensign, B Simpson, DM Toomey, KE Rentas, FJ Dwyer, DM Haley, R AF Halpin, TJ Moore, W Waterman, SH Hadler, JL Wilcox, KR Ensign, B Simpson, DM Toomey, KE Rentas, FJ Dwyer, DM Haley, R TI Red blood cell transfusions contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica - United States, 1991-1996, and initiation of a national study to detect bacteria-associated transfusion reactions (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 553-555, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH,HARTFORD,CT 06134. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30334. USA,MED DEPT ACT,BLOOD BANK CTR,FT HOOD,TX. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. AMER RED CROSS,BIOMED SERV,ARLINGTON,VA. US FDA,OFF COMPLIANCE,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,INVEST & PREVENT BR,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Halpin, TJ (reprint author), OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 3 BP 196 EP 197 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XK108 UT WOS:A1997XK10800010 ER PT J AU Paone, D DesJarlais, D Clark, J Shi, Q Krim, M Purchase, D AF Paone, D DesJarlais, D Clark, J Shi, Q Krim, M Purchase, D TI Update: Syringe-exchange programs - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 565-568, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 AMER FDN AIDS RES,NEW YORK,NY. N AMER SYRINGE EXCHANGE NETWORK,TACOMA,WA. CDC,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Paone, D (reprint author), BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 16 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 3 BP 197 EP 198 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XK108 UT WOS:A1997XK10800011 ER PT J AU Mukadi, YD Wiktor, SZ Coulibaly, IM Coulibaly, D Mbengue, A Folquet, AM Ackah, A SassanMorokro, M Bonnard, D Maurice, C Nolan, C Kreiss, JK Greenberg, AE AF Mukadi, YD Wiktor, SZ Coulibaly, IM Coulibaly, D Mbengue, A Folquet, AM Ackah, A SassanMorokro, M Bonnard, D Maurice, C Nolan, C Kreiss, JK Greenberg, AE TI Impact of HIV infection on the development, clinical presentation, and outcome of tuberculosis among children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; tuberculosis; pediatric; Africa ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; TYPE-1 INFECTION; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ZAMBIAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; SEROPREVALENCE AB Objective: To assess the impact of HIV infection upon the development, clinical presentation, and outcome of tuberculosis (TB) among children. Design: Case-control study and prospective cohort study. Methods: From March 1994 to November 1995, children aged 0-9 years with newly diagnosed TB were enrolled at the two outpatient TB centers and the two principal university hospitals in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Children were examined, blood samples were collected for HIV serology and lymphocyte phenotyping, chest radiography was performed, and gastric aspirates and sputum samples were collected for acid-fast bacilli smear and culture. Children were then followed every 2 months during a standard 6-month course of anti-TB therapy. To examine risk factors for TB, age- and sex-marched healthy control children were enrolled from among the siblings of children referred for TB skin testing. Results: Overall, 161 children with TB were enrolled, including 39 (24%) with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB, 80 (50%) with clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB, and 42 (26%) with extrapulmonary TB. Children with TB were significantly more likely than 161 control children to be HIV-seropositive (19 versus 0%), to have a past TB contact (55 versus 16%) and to live in very low socioeconomic status housing (24 versus 6%). No significant differences between HIV-seropositive and seronegative children were found in the distribution of radiologic abnormalities for pulmonary TB or in the site of extrapulmonary TB. The mortality rate in HIV-seropositive children was significantly higher than in seronegative children (23 versus 4%; relative risk, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-6.6), and all deaths in HIV-seropositive children with available lymphocyte subtyping results occurred in those with a CD4 percentage of <10%. Conclusions: This study documents the importance of HIV infection as an independent risk factor for the development of TB in children, and demonstrates that HIV-related immunosuppression is a critical risk factor for mortality in this population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CHU,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CEDRES,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00007] NR 34 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.1097/00002030-199709000-00011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XJ644 UT WOS:A1997XJ64400011 PM 9233463 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Coronary heart disease incidence and survival in African-American women and men - The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; blacks; follow-up studies; myocardial infarction; sex factors ID RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLACK POPULATIONS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; EVANS COUNTY; WHITE MEN; MORTALITY; INFORMATION; CHOLESTEROL AB Background: Relatively few data are available on risk for or survival with coronary heart disease in African American persons. Objective: To determine whether incidence of coronary heart disease, rate of survival with the disease. and rate of coronary surgery differ between ethnic groups. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: United States. Participants: Persons who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Included in this analysis were 11 406 white persons and African-American persons aged 25 to 74 years who had no history of coronary heart disease. Average follow-up for survivors was 19 years (maximum, 22 years). Measurements: Incident coronary heart disease. Results: Compared with that in white persons, the age-adjusted risk for coronary heart disease was higher in African-American women aged 25 to 54 years (relative risk. 1.76 [95% CI, 1.36 to 2.29]) but was lower in African-American men within each age subgroup. The age-adjusted risk was lower in African-American men for all ages combined (25 to 74 years) (relative risk, 0.78 [CI, 0.65 to 0.93] for coronary heart disease and 0.62 [CI, 0.42 to 0.92] for acute myocardial infarction). The higher rate in African-American women aged 25 to 54 years could be explained statistically by the higher risk factor levels iri these women. Ethnic groups did not significantly differ in survival after the first hospitalization for coronary heart disease. However, the incidence of coronary procedures after hospitalization for coronary heart disease was markedly lower in African-American persons than in white persons (age- and sex-adjusted relative risk, 0.40 [CI, 0.16 to 0.991). Conclusions: Total incidence of coronary heart disease is higher in African-American women aged 25 to 54 years than in white women of the same ages and is lower in African-American men aged 25 to 74 years than in white men of the same ages. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF CTR DIRECTOR,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 45 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 127 IS 2 BP 111 EP & PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XK158 UT WOS:A1997XK15800005 PM 9229999 ER PT J AU Sivak, A Niemeier, R Lynch, D Beltis, K Simon, S Salomon, R Latta, R Belinky, B Menzies, K Lunsford, A Cooper, C Ross, A Bruner, R AF Sivak, A Niemeier, R Lynch, D Beltis, K Simon, S Salomon, R Latta, R Belinky, B Menzies, K Lunsford, A Cooper, C Ross, A Bruner, R TI Skin carcinogenicity of condensed asphalt roofing fumes and their fractions following dermal application to mice SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE condensed roofing asphalt fumes; skin carcinogenicity; dermal application; mice; fume composition ID AROMATIC SULFUR HETEROCYCLES; COAL-TAR; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; OCCUPATIONAL COHORT; CANCER MORTALITY; CREOSOTE; WORKERS; BITUMEN; INHIBITION AB Condensed roofing asphalt fumes, generated at 316 degrees C, were collected by cold trap condensation and fractionated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Chemical classes in each of the fractions (A-E) were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The fractions, various combinations of fractions, the raw and heated asphalt, the neat asphalt fume and the reconstituted asphalt were tested for carcinogenicity, and three fractions were tested for cocarcinogenicity and tumor promotion with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The skin application carcinogenesis bioassay was conducted by twice weekly application of test materials in 0.05 ml of acetone/cyclohexane (1:1) for 104 weeks to 40 groups of male C3H/HeJ mice (30/group). Fractions were applied at a mass in proportion to their amount in the neat asphalt fumes. In addition, the neat asphalt fume was tested on Sencar mice to determine if this strain was more susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of the fumes. Condensed neat asphalt fumes produced similar and statistically significant increased tumor yields of papillomas and carcinomas in both strains as compared to respective vehicle controls. Recombination of all fractions resulted in a tumor response similar to neat asphalt fumes. Among individual fractions, C was most potent, followed by B. The other single fractions were without significant tumorigenic activity. Combinations containing fractions B and C were most active among the mixtures that were assayed and no evidence of enhancement of tumorigenesis in the mixtures was found. No significant cocarcinogenic or tumor promoting activity was observed with fractions A, D, or E and BaP. Raw unheated asphalt produced a few tumors in C3H mice, but no tumors were seen when raw asphalt heated to 316 degrees C, with the fumes permitted to escape, was applied. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. ARTHUR D LITTLE INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02140. PATHOL ASSOCIATES INC,W CHESTER,OH 45069. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 117 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(97)00214-0 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XK319 UT WOS:A1997XK31900017 PM 9233840 ER PT J AU Contrino, J Goralnick, S Qi, JF Hair, G Rickles, FR Kreutzer, DL AF Contrino, J Goralnick, S Qi, JF Hair, G Rickles, FR Kreutzer, DL TI Fibrin induction of tissue factor expression in human vascular endothelial cells SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE fibrin; tissue factor; endothelium; coagulation; endothelium-derived factors ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; HUMAN MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; THP-1 MONOCYTIC CELLS; FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; FACTOR GENE; STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY; SKIN REACTIONS; ENDOTOXIN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; THROMBOMODULIN AB Background For the present study, we hypothesized that fibrin is an inducer of tissue factor (TF) expression in vascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results To test the in vitro aspect of this hypothesis, human umbilical Vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cocultured with physiologically relevant concentrations of fibrin (0.03 to 1.0 mg fibrin/mL) for Various times (0.5 to 24 hours), and TF expression was compared with that in unstimulated HUVECs (media control). Results demonstrated that fibrin induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in TF antigen expression, functional TF procoagulant activity, and TF mRNA in HUVECs. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that fibrin can directly regulate TF expression in HUVECs in vitro. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT PATHOL,SCH MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06030. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT MED,FARMINGTON,CT. UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,DEPT SURG,FARMINGTON,CT. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-22202]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-25015, HL-07324] NR 61 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUL 15 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 2 BP 605 EP 613 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XM003 UT WOS:A1997XM00300041 PM 9244233 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Khoury, MJ Mastroiacovo, P Castilla, EE Moore, CA Skjaerven, R Mutchinick, OM Borman, B Cocchi, G Czeizel, AE Goujard, J Irgens, LM Lancaster, PAL MartinezFrias, ML Merlob, P Ruusinen, A Stoll, C Sumiyoshi, Y AF Botto, LD Khoury, MJ Mastroiacovo, P Castilla, EE Moore, CA Skjaerven, R Mutchinick, OM Borman, B Cocchi, G Czeizel, AE Goujard, J Irgens, LM Lancaster, PAL MartinezFrias, ML Merlob, P Ruusinen, A Stoll, C Sumiyoshi, Y TI The Spectrum of congenital anomalies of the VATER association: An international study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE VATER; multiple congenital anomalies; malformation; epidemiology ID VACTERL-ASSOCIATION; TRACHEAL AGENESIS; SIRENOMELIA; FISTULA AB The spectrum of the VATER association has been debated ever since its description more than two decades ago. To assess the spectrum of congenital anomalies associated with VATER while minimizing the distortions due to small samples and referral patterns typical of clinical series, we studied infants with VATER association reported to the combined registry of infants with multiple congenital anomalies from 17 birth defects registries worldwide that are part of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems (ICBDMS). Among approximately 10 million infants born from 1983 through 1991, the ICBDMS registered 2,295 infants with 3 or more of 25 unrelated major congenital anomalies of unknown cause. Of these infants, 286 had the VATER association, defined as at least three of the five VATER anomalies (vertebral defects, anal atresia, esophageal atresia, renal defects, and radial-ray limb deficiency), when we expected 219 (P<0.001). Of these 286 infants, 51 had at least four VATER anomalies, and 8 had all five anomalies. We found that preaxial but not other limb anomalies were significantly associated with any combination of the four nonlimb VATER anomalies (P<0.001). Of the 286 infants with VATER association, 214 (74.8%) had additional defects. Genital defects, cardiovascular anomalies, and small intestinal atresias were positively associated with VATER association (P<0.001). Infants with VATER association that included both renal anomalies and anorectal atresia were significantly more likely to have genital defects. Finally, a subset of infants with VATER association also had defects described in other associations, including diaphragmatic defects, oral clefts, bladder exstrophy, omphalocele, and neural tube defects. These results offer evidence for the specificity of the VATER association, suggest the existence of distinct subsets within the association, and raise the question of a common pathway for patterns of VATER and other types of defects in at least a subset of infants with multiple congenital anomalies. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE,INST PEDIAT,BIRTH DEFECTS UNIT,ROME,ITALY. ECLAMC GENET FIOCRUZ,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV BERGEN,DEPT MED STAT,BERGEN,NORWAY. INST NACL NUTR SALVADOR ZUBIRAN,RYVEMCE,DEPT GENET,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. PUBL HLTH COMMISS,NEW ZEALAND BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV BOLOGNA,IMER INDAGINE MALFORMAZ CONGENITE EMILIA ROMAGNA,BOLOGNA,ITALY. NATL INST HYG,DEPT HUMAN GENET & TERATOL,H-1966 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. INSERM U149,FRANCE PARIS BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV BERGEN,NORWAY MED BIRTH REGISTRY,BERGEN,NORWAY. UNIV SYDNEY,AIHW NATL PERINATAL STAT UNIT,SYDNEY,NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA. UNIV COMPLUTENSE,DEPT PHARMACOL,E-28040 MADRID,SPAIN. BEILINSON MED CTR,PETAH TIQWA,ISRAEL. NATL BOARD HLTH,HELSINKI,FINLAND. INST PUERICULTURE,STRASBOURG,FRANCE. YOKOHAMA CITY UNIV,YOKOHAMA,KANAGAWA 232,JAPAN. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 29 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970711)71:1<8::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-V PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XG442 UT WOS:A1997XG44200002 PM 9215761 ER PT J AU Roberts, HE Moore, CA Fernhoff, PM Brown, AL Khoury, MJ AF Roberts, HE Moore, CA Fernhoff, PM Brown, AL Khoury, MJ TI Population study of congenital hypothyroidism and associated birth defects, Atlanta, 1979-1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE congenital hypothyroidism; newborn screening; birth defects ID MALFORMATIONS; INFANTS AB Very little data are available from population-based studies on congenital hypothyroidism (CH) epidemiology and patterns of associated birth defects. By linking data from two population-based registries, we describe the epidemiology of CH and associated defects in Atlanta from 1979-1992, Cases included all infants with CH born from 1979-1992 to mothers residing in the metropolitan Atlanta area at the time of birth. We ascertained CH cases by reviewing newborn screening records and records of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), a population-based registry of all serious birth defects diagnosed during a child's first year of life. We linked CH cases with MACDP records to ascertain the presence of serious birth defects among infants with CH. Of 97 infants identified with CH through newborn screening and/or MACDP (1:5,000 live births), 87 had primary CH and 10 had secondary. The rate of primary CH was higher among nonhispanic whites than among blacks (1:4,400 vs, 1:10,000) and among females compared with males (1:4,000 vs, 1:7,700), Among infants with primary CH, 77 had isolated CH, 3 had Down syndrome, and 7 had unrelated major structural defects. Based on Atlanta population rates of Down syndrome and major structural anomalies, we infer i) infants with Down syndrome have a 35-fold increased risk for primary CH compared with infants in the general population (P < .0001); ii) infants with primary CH have a 2.2-fold increased risk for major structural anomalies (P < .05). Because this is the first population study of CH in the United States in which data from two population-based registries were linked, the epidemiologic patterns and associated defects are more representative than those found in studies based on newborn screening records only. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV MED GENET,ATLANTA,GA. RP Roberts, HE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19970711)71:1<29::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-L PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XG442 UT WOS:A1997XG44200005 PM 9215764 ER PT J AU Werler, MM Cragan, JD Wasserman, CR Shaw, GM Erickson, JD Mitchell, AA AF Werler, MM Cragan, JD Wasserman, CR Shaw, GM Erickson, JD Mitchell, AA TI Multivitamin supplementation and multiple births SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; multiple vitamins; epidemiology ID PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PREVENTION AB It is well established that maternal multivitamin supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects and evidence suggests that it may be associated with other reproductive outcomes. The present study was prompted by a report from a randomized trial in Hungary which showed a 40% increase in multiple births among periconceptional vitamin users. Retrospectively collected data on multivitamin supplementation were obtained on multiple and singleton births from three separate studies: Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study (ABDCCS) malformed and nonmalformed infants born 1968-1980, California Birth Defects Monitoring Program (CBDMP) malformed and nonmalformed infants born 1987-1989, and Boston University Slone Epidemiology Unit Birth Defects Study (SEU-BDS) malformed infants born 1987-1994, Supplementation was divided into three mutually exclusive categories based on timing: ''periconceptional'' use-before through at least the third month after conception; ''early'' use-beginning in the first month and continuing through at least the third month after conception; and ''later'' use-beginning in the second or third month after conception. For periconceptional use, four of five datasets showed a 30 to 60% greater prevalence of supplementation among mothers of multiple births. In contrast, this pattern was not evident for ''early'' and ''later'' use. Overall, the study findings are tentative, due to a lack of consistency across all five datasets and they should not alter recent recommendations related to folate supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defects. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA. CALIFORNIA BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,MARCH DIMES BIRTH DEFECTS FDN,EMERYVILLE,CA. RP Werler, MM (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,SCH PUBL HLTH,SLONE EPIDEMIOL UNIT,1371 BEACON ST,BROOKLINE,MA 02146, USA. NR 16 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUL 11 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XG442 UT WOS:A1997XG44200017 PM 9215776 ER PT J AU DeGraw, E Heber, S Rowan, A AF DeGraw, E Heber, S Rowan, A TI Update: Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis - 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 521-523, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. HLTH CANADA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DeGraw, E (reprint author), LEON CTY HLTH DEPT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 2 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XH667 UT WOS:A1997XH66700013 ER PT J AU Silverman, B Franklin, GM Bolin, R Hensrud, DD Zeller, WP AF Silverman, B Franklin, GM Bolin, R Hensrud, DD Zeller, WP TI Lactic acidosis traced to thiamine deficiency related to nationwide shortage of multivitamins for total parenteral nutrition - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 523-528, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MAYO CLIN,ROCHESTER,MN. LOYOLA MED CTR,MAYWOOD,IL. AMER SOC PARENTERAL & ENTERAL NUTR,SILVER SPRING,MD. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Silverman, B (reprint author), MEM CLIN,OLYMPIA,WA, USA. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 2 BP 109 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XH667 UT WOS:A1997XH66700014 ER PT J AU Semenza, JC AF Semenza, JC TI Preventing hypothermia-related death - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Semenza, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 9 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 2 BP 116 EP 116 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XH667 UT WOS:A1997XH66700022 ER PT J AU Zevin, S Dempsey, D Olson, K AF Zevin, S Dempsey, D Olson, K TI Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning - Northern California, January 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 489-492, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION C1 CDC,ENVIRONM HAZARDS EPIDEMIOL SECT,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Zevin, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CALIF POISON CONTROL SYST,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL & EXPT THERAPEUT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 2 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 1 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XG387 UT WOS:A1997XG38700011 ER PT J AU Kaufman, NJ Emont, SL Tribmle, CR Orleans, CT Briton, N Clark, T Krakow, M Celebucki, C Cullen, D Connolly, G Hyland, A Perla, J Cummings, KM Abdella, A Tippens, K AF Kaufman, NJ Emont, SL Tribmle, CR Orleans, CT Briton, N Clark, T Krakow, M Celebucki, C Cullen, D Connolly, G Hyland, A Perla, J Cummings, KM Abdella, A Tippens, K TI Cigar smoking among teenagers - United States, Massachusetts, and New York, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 433-440, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 HLTH ADDICT RES INC,BOSTON,MA. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ROSWELL PK CANC INST,BUFFALO,NY 14263. CHAUTAUQUA CTY DEPT HLTH,MAYVILLE,NY. CDC,EPIDEMIOL BR,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Kaufman, NJ (reprint author), ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON FDN,PRINCETON,NJ 08540, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 2 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XG387 UT WOS:A1997XG38700012 ER PT J AU Kassler, WJ Dillon, BA Haley, C Jones, WK Goldman, A AF Kassler, WJ Dillon, BA Haley, C Jones, WK Goldman, A TI On-site, rapid HIV testing with same-day results and counseling SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE health care; economics; HIV antibody testing; sexually transmitted disease clinics; prevention; counseling ID ANTIBODY AB Background: New rapid HIV antibody tests have allowed provision of results and result-specific counseling on the day of initial visit, and have the potential to increase the efficiency of HIV counseling and testing. Methods: To evaluate the use of rapid testing with same-day results in public clinics, the Single Use Diagnostic System HIV-1 rapid assay was used for a 3-month period al an anonymous testing clinic and a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Dallas, Texas. Non-reactive rapid test results were reported as HIV-negative. Reactive results were reported as 'preliminary positive'. These procedures were compared with standard testing during a baseline period, with respect to number of clients receiving results and post-test counseling, client satisfaction, counselor acceptance, cost, and effectiveness at reducing HIV risk. Results: Rapid testing resulted in an increase in the number of persons learning their serostatus: a 4% increase for uninfected and a 16% increase for infected clients al the Anonymous Testing Clinic; a 210% increase for uninfected patients and a 23% increase for infected patients at the STD clinic. Rapid testing resulted in a cost saving of US$ 11 per test in both the anonymous and STD clinics. Of those previously tested, 88% responded that they preferred the rapid test. In the year following initial HIV test, clients tested with rapid and standard procedures were equally likely to return to the clinic with a new STD (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-1.4). Conclusions: Rapid, on-site HIV testing was feasible, preferred by clients, and resulted in significant: improvement in the number of persons learning their serostatus, without increasing the costs or decreasing the effectiveness of counseling and testing. C1 DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT, DALLAS, TX USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, OFF WOMENS HLTH, OFF DIRECTOR, ATLANTA, GA USA. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT MED, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP Kassler, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, MAILSTOP E44, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 6 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1997 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1045 EP 1051 DI 10.1097/00002030-199708000-00014 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XH111 UT WOS:A1997XH11100014 PM 9223740 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB GrummerStrawn, L Scanlon, KS AF Ahluwalia, IB GrummerStrawn, L Scanlon, KS TI Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and birth outcome: Increased effects on pregnant women aged 30 years or older SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; environmental pollution, tobacco smoke; infant, premature; infant, small-for-gestational age; maternal age ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; PASSIVE SMOKING; FETAL GROWTH; MATERNAL AGE; PATERNAL SMOKING; PRENATAL-CARE; WEIGHT; RISK; PLACENTA; TERM AB The purposes of this study were to examine the association between self-reported environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy and birth weight, prematurity, and small-for-gestational age infants and to determine whether these associations differ by maternal age. Data from the Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System from two states that collected data on both passive and active smoking for the period 1989-1994 were analyzed, ETS exposure was defined as reported exposure to the cigarette smoke of a household member. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between ETS and birth outcomes. The mean adjusted birth weight among infants of nonsmoking mothers age 30 years or older was 90 g less among infants exposed to ETS than among infants not exposed. No significant association was found among infants of younger nonsmoking mothers. Similarly, the risks for low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.51-3.87) and preterm delivery (adjusted OR = 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.22-2.88) were elevated among older nonsmokers exposed to ETS, but not among younger nonsmokers exposed to ETS (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.23; adjusted OR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.13, for low birth weight and preterm delivery, respectively). These findings indicate that the association between ETS exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes appears to be modified by maternal age. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACTIV,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 33 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 146 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XJ180 UT WOS:A1997XJ18000005 PM 9215222 ER PT J AU Kristal, AR Goldenhar, L Muldoon, J Morton, RF AF Kristal, AR Goldenhar, L Muldoon, J Morton, RF TI Evaluation of a supermarket intervention to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE food habits; health promotion; intervention studies; fruit; vegetables ID BEHAVIOR AB Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a supermarket point-of-purchase intervention could increase shoppers' consumption of fruits and vegetables. Methods. Eight supermarkets in rural Iowa were randomized to receive either an 8-month intervention or no intervention. The intervention consisted of (1) one-page supermarket flyers that identified fruits and vegetables on sale, gave recipes and menu ideas for using sale foods, and gave a store coupon worth 50 cents toward the purchase of any fruit or vegetable; (2) store signage to identify fruits and vegetables featured on the flyer; and (3) consciousness raising activities such as food demonstrations and nutrition related signage. Evaluation war based on exit interviews and take-home surveys, competed by random samples of 120 shoppers from each store at baseline and approximately 1-year post randomization. Results. At follow-up, 42.9% of intervention store shoppers and 6.5% of control shoppers recalled seeing the intervention flyer. Thirty-six percent of intervention shoppers had used a 50-cent coupon and 18% had used a recipe. Approximately 70% of all shoppers had purchased fruits or vegetables on the day they were interviewed, which did not differ between intervention and control stores. Compared to change in control shoppers, there was a borderline statistically significant 8.4 percentage point increase (p < .07) in the percentage of intervention store shoppers in the action or maintenance stages of dietary change, but there was no corresponding increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. Discussion. Studies to test point-of-purchase interventions are difficult to design, implement, and evaluate. More powerful interventions are probably necessary to induce shoppers to purchase and consume more fruits and vegetables. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. MERCY FDN,DES MOINES,IA. RP Kristal, AR (reprint author), FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,CANC PREVENT RES PROGRAM,1124 COLUMBIA,MP-702,SEATTLE,WA 98104, USA. OI Kristal, Alan/0000-0002-7329-1617 FU PHS HHS [CCU706142-04, CCU506139-0302] NR 10 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 16 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 422 EP 425 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XJ857 UT WOS:A1997XJ85700008 PM 10168262 ER PT J AU Stern, F HaringSweeney, M AF Stern, F HaringSweeney, M TI Proportionate mortality among unionized construction operating engineers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE operating engineer; construction; proportionate mortality; lung cancer; bone cancer; leukemia; injuries; mesothelioma ID DIESEL EXHAUST EXPOSURE; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; LUNG-CANCER; COAL-TAR; ASPHALT WORKERS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; UNITED-STATES; LEUKEMIA; INDUSTRY; RISK AB This report presents the results of proportionate mortality ratios (PMR) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMR) among 15,843 members of the international Union of Operating Engineers who had died between 1988-1993. Operating engineers represent one of the 15 unions in the Building and Construction Trades Department and are responsible for the operation and maintenance of heavy earthmoving equipment used in the construction for buildings, bridges, roads, and other facilities. Using U.S. proportionate cancer mortality as the referent, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for cancers of the lung (PCMR = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09-1.19) and bone (PCMR = 2.14, CI = 1.19-3.52). Using US. proportionate mortality as the referent, statistically significant elevated mortality was observed for other benign and unspecified neoplasms (PMR = 1.54, CI = 1.09-2.13), emphysema (PMR = 1.37, CI = 1.20-1.55), other injuries (PMR = 1.43, CI = 1.20-1.70) (which included crushing under/in machinery, tractor rollover, run over by crane), and suicide (PMR = 1.22, CI = 1.06-1.40). The PMR for leukemia and aleukemia (PMR = 1.19, CI = 1.02-1.37), but not the PCMR (1.07, CI = 0.92-1.24), was also significantly elevated. Some of the occupational exposures that may have contributed to these excesses include diesel exhaust, asphalt and welding fumes, silica dust, ionizing radiation, and coal tar pitch. The present study underscores the need to control airborne exposures to these substances and for injury prevention efforts aimed at operating engineers in the construction industry. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Stern, F (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 51 EP 65 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199707)32:1<51::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-U PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WW146 UT WOS:A1997WW14600007 PM 9131212 ER PT J AU Kaul, R McGeer, A Low, DE Green, K Schwartz, B Simor, AE AF Kaul, R McGeer, A Low, DE Green, K Schwartz, B Simor, AE TI Population-based surveillance for group A streptococcal necrotizing fascitis: Clinical features, prognostic indicators, and microbiologic analysis of seventy-seven cases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; INVASIVE GROUP; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; FASCIITIS; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; NORWAY; ASSOCIATION; EXPERIENCE; VARICELLA AB PURPOSE: TO determine the incidence of group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in Ontario, Canada, and to describe the clinical features, outcome, and microbiologic characteristics of this infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, population-based surveillance for invasive group A streptococcal infections was conducted in Ontario from November 1991 to May 1995, All 77 patients meeting clinical and/or histopathologic criteria for streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis were included, Demographic and clinical information was obtained by patient interviews and chart review, Group A streptococci were characterized by M-protein and T-agglutination typing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes A and C (speA; speC). RESULTS: The incidence of group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis increased during the study from 0.085 per 100,000 population in the first year to 0.40 per 100,000 population in the last year (P < 0.001), The median age of cases was 57.5 years and the rate of disease increased with increasing age, Seventy-nine percent of cases were community-acquired, 11% were nosocomial, and 10% were acquired in a nursing home, Forty-seven percent of cases were associated with the presence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (Strep TSS) and 46% were bacteremic, Thirty-four percent of cases died and mortality was correlated with increasing age (P = 0.006), presence of hypotension (P = 0.01), and bacteremia (P = 0.03), The most common streptococcal serotypes were M1 (35%) and M3 (25%), Forty-one percent of strains possessed the speA gene and 30% the speC gene, Outcome was not correlated with M-type or the presence of spe genes. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of necrotizing fasciitis caused by group A streptococcus increased in Ontario between 1992 and 1995, Elderly individuals were more likely to acquire the disease and to die from it, Mortality because of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis was also associated with the presence of hypotension, Strep TSS, or bacteremia, but not with M-type or the presence of pyrogenic exotoxin genes. (C) 1997 by Excerpta Medica, Inc. C1 SUNNYBROOK HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,N YORK,ON M4N 3M5,CANADA. MT SINAI & PRINCESS MARGARET HOSP,SHARED DEPT MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 FU PHS HHS [200-91-0929] NR 40 TC 258 Z9 264 U1 0 U2 10 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 103 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XL324 UT WOS:A1997XL32400003 PM 9236481 ER PT J AU Forehand, R Armistead, L Wierson, M Brody, GH Neighbors, B Hannan, J AF Forehand, R Armistead, L Wierson, M Brody, GH Neighbors, B Hannan, J TI Hemophilia and AIDS in married men: Functioning of family members SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID LIFE STRESS RESEARCH; PSYCHIATRIC DISTRESS; ADOLESCENT DYADS; HIV-INFECTION; ADJUSTMENT; METAANALYSIS; VALIDATION; CHILDREN; MODEL AB Aspects of functioning in families of 137 hemophilic men who in 50% of cases, were also HIV seropositive were examined in terms of psychological and physical functioning and economic pressure, Results indicated that HIV-seropositive status, but not severity of hemophilia, was associated with poorer psychological and physical functioning of the husband, a poorer mother-child relationship, less support from outside the family for both spouses, and greater economic pressure on the family. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT PSYCHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT CHILD & FAMILY DEV,ATHENS,GA 30602. POMONA COLL,DEPT PSYCHOL,CLAREMONT,CA 91711. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMOPHILIA & HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Forehand, R (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,INST BEHAV RES,BARROW HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ORTHOPSYCHIATRIC ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 330 SEVENTH AVE, 18TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10001 SN 0002-9432 J9 AM J ORTHOPSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Orthopsychiatr. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 67 IS 3 BP 470 EP 484 DI 10.1037/h0080248 PG 15 WC Psychiatry; Social Work SC Psychiatry; Social Work GA XL633 UT WOS:A1997XL63300014 PM 9250347 ER PT J AU Feinleib, M Kuller, LH AF Feinleib, M Kuller, LH TI Nemat O. Borhani, 1926-1996 - In memoriam SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Item About an Individual C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP Feinleib, M (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1997 VL 87 IS 7 BP 1247 EP 1247 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.7.1247 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM897 UT WOS:A1997XM89700035 ER PT J AU Park, JY Peters, CJ Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Katholi, CR Waites, KB Gray, B Maetz, HM Stephensen, CB AF Park, JY Peters, CJ Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Katholi, CR Waites, KB Gray, B Maetz, HM Stephensen, CB TI Age distribution of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus serum antibody in Birmingham, Alabama: Evidence of a decreased risk of infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION AB Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an arenavirus that causes human disease ranging from a mild, flu-like illness to meningitis. Infections occur principally in and around the home due to contact with infected mice. Data on the incidence of LCMV infection in the United States are scarce but suggest that the risk of infection may have decreased over the past 30-40 years, To examine this hypothesis, sera from an age-stratified sample of hospital patients in Birmingham, Alabama were tested for LCMV antibody by ELISA. The overall prevalence of LCMV-specific IgG was 3.5% (56 of 1,600). The prevalence of antibody among those < 30 years of age was 0.3% (2 of 600), while the prevalence among those 30 years of age and older was 5.4% (P < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for LCMV seropositivity. Age was positively associated (P < 0.0001) and socioeconomic status was negatively associated with a positive antibody test result (P < 0.03). These data are consistent with a decreased incidence of human LCMV infection in Birmingham over the past 30-40 years. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PATHOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR00463] NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XM907 UT WOS:A1997XM90700007 PM 9242315 ER PT J AU Richards, AL Soeatmadji, DW Widodo, MA Sardjono, TW Yanuwiadi, B Hernowati, TE Baskoro, AD Roebiyoso Hakim, L Soendoro, M Rahardjo, E Putri, MP Saragih, JM Strickman, D Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Olson, JG Church, CJ Corwin, AL AF Richards, AL Soeatmadji, DW Widodo, MA Sardjono, TW Yanuwiadi, B Hernowati, TE Baskoro, AD Roebiyoso Hakim, L Soendoro, M Rahardjo, E Putri, MP Saragih, JM Strickman, D Kelly, DJ Dasch, GA Olson, JG Church, CJ Corwin, AL TI Seroepidemiologic evidence for murine and scrub typhus in Malang, Indonesia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Indonesian military personnel stationed in Malang, East Java were among troops deployed to central Cambodia as part of the United Nations' Transition Authority Cambodia peace-keeping operation in 1992. Predeployment blood samples obtained from a cohort of Indonesian soldiers indicated a high prevalence of antibodies to antigens of Rickettsia typhi or Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi, the etiologic agents for murine and scrub typhus, respectively. To evaluate the potential risk of these rickettsial diseases in the Malang area, a subsequent seroepidemiologic survey was conducted. This study involved civilian personnel residing within one of three Malang kelurahans (neighborhoods) representing urban, suburban, and rural communities. The heads-of-households from 197 homes completed a detailed epidemiologic survey. In addition, blood samples were collected from 464 individuals residing within the households surveyed. Examination of civilian blood samples disclosed that 34.7% and 1.3% of the study participants were seroreactive to R. typhi and O. tsutsugamushi, respectively. These results were similar to those obtained earlier from the military samples. In addition, assessment of 78 blood samples obtained from peridomestic rodents trapped from within or near the households surveyed showed that 28 were reactive to R. typhi antigens and four were reactive to O. tsutsugamushi antigens. These data indicate that military and civilian personnel living in the Malang area of East Java are at risk of infection with rickettsiae that are antigenically indistinguishable from those that cause murine and scrub typhus. C1 MALANG MUNICIPAL HLTH OFF, MALANG, E JAVA, INDONESIA. USN, MED RES INST, VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM, BETHESDA, MD 20889 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NATL INST HLTH RES & DEV, COMMUNICABLE DIS RES CTR, JAKARTA, INDONESIA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR, WALTER REED ARMY INST RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20307 USA. BRAWIJAYA UNIV, FAC MED, MALANG, INDONESIA. RP Richards, AL (reprint author), USN, MED RES UNIT 2, RICKETTSIAL DIS PROGRAM, BOX 3, APO AP 962508132, APO, INDONESIA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XM907 UT WOS:A1997XM90700018 PM 9242326 ER PT J AU Dawson, JE Warner, CK Ewing, SA Telford, SR Corstvet, RE Brennan, R Olson, JG AF Dawson, JE Warner, CK Ewing, SA Telford, SR Corstvet, RE Brennan, R Olson, JG TI Fingerprinting of Ehrlichia species by repetitive element polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION; PRIMERS AB To facilitate identification of ehrlichial pathogens, we developed a new technique based on fingerprints resulting from repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR). This technique uses consensus tRNA primers to generate amplification products that reflect distance polymorphisms between adjacent tRNA genes. Species-specific fingerprint patterns were obtained for seven Ehrlichia spp., as well as the unnamed causative agent of human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis. Bands ranged in size from approximately 50 to 1,000 base pairs. Banding patterns varied depending on dilution of template DNA, with lower dilutions giving more complex banding patterns. These preliminary data indicate that repetitive-sequence-based PCR appears to be a useful technique for identifying ehrlichial organisms to the species, and perhaps the strain level. Compared with other conventional molecular-biologic methods, rep-PCR offers the advantages of ease of performance and rapid availability of results. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PARASITOL MICROBIOL & PUBL HLTH,STILLWATER,OK 74078. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL PARASITOL & IMMUNOL,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP Dawson, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 57 IS 1 BP 109 EP 114 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XM907 UT WOS:A1997XM90700021 PM 9242329 ER PT J AU Kenyon, TA Ridzon, R LuskinHawk, R Schultz, C Paul, WS Valway, SE Onorato, IM Castro, K AF Kenyon, TA Ridzon, R LuskinHawk, R Schultz, C Paul, WS Valway, SE Onorato, IM Castro, K TI A nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; UNIT AB Background: An outbreak of seven cases (in six patients and one health care worker, all of whom had AIDS) of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurred in a hospital in Chicago. The hospital had a respirator-fit testing program but no acid-fast bacilli isolation rooms. Objective: To identify risk factors for transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Private hospital. Participants: Patients and health care workers exposed to M. tuberculosis. Measurements: Analysis of M. tuberculosis isolates, tuberculin skin testing, assessment of exposure, and assessment of participant characteristics. Results: All seven M. tuberculosis isolates had matching DNA fingerprints. Of patients exposed to M. tuberculosis, those who developed tuberculosis had lower CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts (P = 0.02) and were more likely to be ambulatory (P = 0.03) than those who did not. Of 74 exposed health care workers, the 11 (15%)who had conversion on tuberculin skin testing were no more likely than those who did not have conversion to report that they always wore a respirator with a high-efficiency particulate air filter. Conclusions: Transmission of M. tuberculosis occurred in a hospital that did not have recommended isolation rooms. A respirator-fit testing program did not protect health care workers in this setting. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST JOSEPH HOSP,CHICAGO,IL. CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. NR 18 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 1997 VL 127 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XG914 UT WOS:A1997XG91400005 PM 9214250 ER PT J AU Hitch, WL Eberhard, ML Lammie, PJ AF Hitch, WL Eberhard, ML Lammie, PJ TI Investigation of the influence of maternal infection with Wuchereria bancrofti on the humoral and cellular responses of neonates to filarial antigens SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRUGIA-PAHANGI; RISK FACTOR; T-CELLS; ANTIBODY; MICROFILAREMIA; RESPONSIVENESS; PARASITE; BLOOD; JIRDS AB Epidemiological data indicate that maternal filarial infection might be associated with increased susceptibility to flarial infection in offspring. To examine the influence of maternal infection on development of antifilarial immunity in neonates, paired cord and maternal sera and mononuclear cells were collected in an area where Wuchereria bancrofti infection is endemic. Anti-filarial humoral responses (IgG, IgM and IgE), non-parasite-specific humoral responses (total IgE), proliferation induced by filarial antigen and production of cytokines (interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma) were all monitored. Few cord serum samples had detectable antifilarial IgM or IgE and neither these responses nor total IgE levels differed as a function of maternal infection status. Of cord-blood mononuclear cells assayed, a relatively small proportion exhibited reactivity to filarial antigens. Based on these limited responses to filarial antigens, few neonates display evidence of in-utero sensitization to filarial antigens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005] NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 91 IS 5 BP 461 EP 469 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA XQ173 UT WOS:A1997XQ17300002 PM 9329982 ER PT J AU Collins, FH Zheng, L Paskewitz, SM Kafatos, FC AF Collins, FH Zheng, L Paskewitz, SM Kafatos, FC TI Progress in the map-based cloning of the Anopheles gambiae genes responsible for the encapsulation of malarial parasites SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITO; VECTOR AB A genetically selected strain of the mosquito Auopheles gambiae, the major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, is able to encapsulate and kill Plasmodium ookinetes after they have penetrated the midgut cells and come to rest between the midgut epithelial cells and the surrounding basal lamina. The genetic basis of this phenotype has now been examined by high-resolution mapping using microsatellite loci. Results of this mapping indicate that three genes contribute to this phenotype, with one gene on the left arm of chromosome 2 accounting for most of the effect. These genes, called Pen1, Pen2,, and Pen3 (for Plasmodium encapsulation genes 1, 2 and 3) have also been physically localized to relatively small and well defined regions of the polytene chromosome complement. Strategies for cloning these genes by genetic and physical mapping methods are discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ENTOMOL BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EUROPEAN MOL BIOL LAB,D-69117 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,RUSSELL LABS 237,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 91 IS 5 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA XQ173 UT WOS:A1997XQ17300008 PM 9329988 ER PT J AU Burman, WJ Dalton, CB Cohn, DL Butler, JRG Reves, RR AF Burman, WJ Dalton, CB Cohn, DL Butler, JRG Reves, RR TI A cost-effectiveness analysis of directly observed therapy vs self-administered therapy for treatment of tuberculosis SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness; decision analysis; directly observed therapy; tuberculosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; HOMELESS MEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; SHELTER AB Study objectives: To compare the costs and effectiveness of directly observed therapy (DOT) vs self-administered therapy (SAT) for the treatment of active tuberculosis. Design: Decision analysis. Setting: We used published rates for failure of therapy, relapse, and acquired multidrug resistance during the initial treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis cases using DOT or SAT, We estimated costs of tuberculosis treatment at an urban tuberculosis control program, a municipal hospital, and a hospital specializing in treating drug-resistant tuberculosis, Outcome measures: The average cost per patient to cure drug-susceptible tuberculosis, including the cost of treating failures of initial treatment. Results: The direct costs of initial therapy with DOT and SAT were similar ($1,206 vs $1,221 per patient, respectively), although DOT was more expensive when patient time costs were included, When the costs of relapse and failure were included in the model, DOT was less expensive than SAT, whether considering outpatient costs only ($1,405 vs $2,314 per patient treated), outpatient plus inpatient costs ($2,785 vs $10,529 per patient treated), or outpatient, inpatient, and patients' time costs ($3,999 vs $12,167 per patient treated). Threshold analysis demonstrated that DOT was less expensive than SAT through a wide range of cost estimates and clinical event rates. Conclusion: Despite its greater initial cost, DOT is a more cost-effective strategy than SAT because it achieves a higher cure rate after initial therapy, and thereby decreases treatment costs associated viith failure of therapy and acquired drug resistance, This cost-effectiveness analysis supports the widespread implementation of DOT. C1 DENVER HLTH & HOSP,DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,DENVER,CO 80262. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,NATL CTR EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT HLTH,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. NR 40 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JUL PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1378/chest.112.1.63 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA XJ885 UT WOS:A1997XJ88500017 PM 9228359 ER PT J AU Beniston, M Diaz, HF Bradley, RS AF Beniston, M Diaz, HF Bradley, RS TI Climatic change at high elevation sites: An overview SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID QUELCCAYA ICE CAP; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; GLACIER VARIATIONS; CORE RECORDS; HOLOCENE; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; HISTORY AB This paper provides an overview of climatic changes that have been observed during the past century at certain high-elevation sites, and changes in a more distant past documented by a variety of climate-sensitive environmental indicators, such as tree-rings and alpine glaciers, that serve as a measure of the natural variability of climate in mountains over longer time scales. Detailed studies such as those found in this special issue of Climatic Change, as well as those noted in this review, for the mountain regions of the world, advance our understanding in a variety of ways. They are not only helpful to characterize present and past climatological features in the mountainous zones, but they also provide useful information to the climate modeling community. Because of the expected refinements in the physical parameterizations of climate models in coming years, and the probable increase in the spatial resolution of GCMs, the use of appropriate data from high elevation sites will become of increasing importance for model initialization, verification, and intercomparison purposes. The necessity of accurate projections of climate change is paramount to assessing the likely impacts of climate change on mountain biodiversity, hydrology and cryosphere, and on the numerous economic activities which take place in these regions. C1 NOAA,ERL,CDC,BOULDER,CO 80303. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Beniston, M (reprint author), UNIV FRIBOURG,INST GEOG,CH-1700 FRIBOURG,SWITZERLAND. OI BENISTON, Martin/0000-0002-3782-5458 NR 83 TC 356 Z9 386 U1 13 U2 122 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 251 DI 10.1023/A:1005380714349 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XR067 UT WOS:A1997XR06700001 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Bradley, RS AF Diaz, HF Bradley, RS TI Temperature variations during the last century at high elevation sites SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; PERSPECTIVE; TRENDS AB Differential temperature changes with altitude can shed light on the relative importance of natural versus anthropogenic climatic change. There has been heightened interest in this subject recently due to the finding that high-elevation tropical glaciers have been retreating and that significant melting from even the highest alpine regions has occurred in some areas during the past 20 years or so, as recorded in ice core records, which do not reveal any similar period during previous centuries to millennia. In this paper we find evidence for appreciable differences in mean temperature changes with elevation during the last several decades of instrumental records. The signal appears to be more closely related to increases in daily minimum temperature than changes in the daily maximum. The changes in surface temperature vary spatially, with Europe (particularly western Europe), and parts of Asia displaying the strongest high altitude warming during the period of record. High-elevation climate records of long standing taken at a number of mountain tops throughout the world, but primarily in Europe, are available from a number of countries. In some cases, meteorological observations at these unique mountain sites have been discontinued for a variety of reasons, usually budgetary. It is hoped that the papers published in this special issue of Climatic Change can contribute to a reassessment of the value of continuing climate measurements at these mountain observatories by the appropriate entities, so that we may continue to have access to climate information from the 'tops of the world'. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT GEOSCI,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 34 TC 181 Z9 191 U1 7 U2 41 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3-4 BP 253 EP 279 DI 10.1023/A:1005335731187 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XR067 UT WOS:A1997XR06700002 ER PT J AU RomeroSteiner, S Libutti, D Pais, LB Dykes, J Anderson, P Whitin, JC Keyserling, HL Carlone, GM AF RomeroSteiner, S Libutti, D Pais, LB Dykes, J Anderson, P Whitin, JC Keyserling, HL Carlone, GM TI Standardization of an opsonophagocytic assay for the measurement of functional antibody activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae using differentiated HL-60 cells SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL-C-POLYSACCHARIDE; G FC-RECEPTORS; PROTEIN CONJUGATE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; IGG; PHAGOCYTOSIS; VACCINES; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION AB Host protection against pneumococcal disease is primarily mediated by phagocytosis. We developed and standardized an opsonophagocytic assay using HL-60 cells (human promyelocytic leukemia cells). Fifty-five serum samples were analyzed for the presence of functional antibody against seven pneumococcal serogroups or serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) by using differentiated HL-60 cells (granulocytes) and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Six of the 55 serum samples were from unvaccinated adult volunteers, 31 serum samples were from adults who received one dose of the 14-valent or the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, and 18 serum samples were from 16-month-old infants who received four doses of an investigational 7-valent polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. The results of an opsonophagocytic assay,vith HL-60 cells correlated highly with those of an assay with PBLs as effector cells (median r for seven serotypes = 0.87; P < 0.01). Opsonophagocytic titers were compared with the immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The r values for serogroups or serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F were 0.61, 0.60, 0.67, 0.90, 0.61, 0.39, and 0.57, respectively, when HL-60 cells were used as effector cells and 0.56, 0.47, 0.61, 0.90, 0.71, 0.31, and 0.62, respectively, when PBLs were used. The assay requires small amounts of serum (40 mu l per serotype), making this test suitable for assaying infant sera. Culturable cells aid in assay standardization and likely reduce donor-to-donor variability. This standardized assay, in combination with the standardized ELISA, can be used to evaluate current and developing pneumococcal vaccines, in which functional opsonophagocytic antibody activity may correlate with protection against pneumococcal disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 45 TC 232 Z9 235 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 4 IS 4 BP 415 EP 422 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH998 UT WOS:A1997XH99800005 PM 9220157 ER PT J AU Busch, DF Liedtke, LA Strausbaugh, LJ Anderson, LJ Jernigan, DB Pinner, RW AF Busch, DF Liedtke, LA Strausbaugh, LJ Anderson, LJ Jernigan, DB Pinner, RW TI The emerging infections network: A new venture for the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has launched an Emerging Infections Network (EIN). This network of infectious diseases consultants was conceived as a sentinel system to monitor new or resurgent infectious diseases in a way that would complement other public health surveillance efforts. A pilot study with 169 participants recruited from 32 of the IDSA's state and regional societies confirmed the feasibility and potential value of this network. More than 300 infectious diseases consultants are currently participating in the IDSA EIN. Future plans include aggressive probing for clinical experiences that indicate or suggest the presence of emerging infections, initiation of prospective studies for selected infectious diseases, and other activities designed both to benefit consultants in infectious diseases and to make use of their services. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV 111 F,PORTLAND,OR 97207. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. INFECT DIS SOC AMER,STATE & REG SOC,PORTLAND,OR. INFECT DIS SOC AMER,EMERGING INFECT NETWORK,PORTLAND,OR. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XL367 UT WOS:A1997XL36700008 ER PT J AU Reimer, L Mottice, S Schable, C Sullivan, P Nakashima, A Rayfield, M Den, R Brokopp, C AF Reimer, L Mottice, S Schable, C Sullivan, P Nakashima, A Rayfield, M Den, R Brokopp, C TI Absence of detectable antibody in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 ANTIBODY; INDIVIDUALS; SEROREVERSION; SENSITIVITY; PARTNERS; TESTS; AIDS; PCR AB Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is routinely and easily diagnosed with use of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test kits, We describe an unusual patient who developed AIDS despite testing negative for antibodies to HIV 35 times over a 4-year period, HIV infection was confirmed by the results of p24-antigen assays and polymerase chain reaction amplification of proviral DNA. Sequence analysis of the virus demonstrated that it was closely related to a strain obtained from the patient's sexual partner, The explanation for this patient's persistently negative EIA results is unclear, However, this case does suggest that physicians who treat patients with AIDS-defining conditions but for whom standard HIV antibody testing is negative should consider the possibility that HIV infection is present and may be identified by additional testing procedures. C1 UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. UTAH STATE HLTH DEPT,DIV EPIDEMIOL & LAB SERV,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Reimer, L (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL 113,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84148, USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 98 EP 100 DI 10.1086/514491 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XL367 UT WOS:A1997XL36700020 PM 9243042 ER PT J AU Braun, DK Dominguez, G Pellett, PE AF Braun, DK Dominguez, G Pellett, PE TI Human herpesvirus 6 SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; REED-STERNBERG CELLS; ORIGIN-BINDING-PROTEIN; B-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY AB Human herpesvirus 6 variant A (HHV-6A) and human herpesvirus 6 variant B (HHV-6B) are two closely related yet distinct viruses. These visuses belong to the Roseolovirus genus of the betaherpesvirus subfamily; they are most closely related to human herpesvirus 7 and then to human cytomegalovirus. Over 95% of people older than 2 yeats of age are seropositive for either or both HHV-6 variants, and current serologic methods are incapable of discriminating infection with one variant from infection with the other. HHV-6A has not been etiologically linked to any human disease, but such an association will probably be found soon. HHV-6B is the etiologic agent of the common childhood illness exanthem subitum (roseola infantum or sixth disease) and related febrile illnesses. These viruses are frequently active and associated with illness in immunocompromised patients and may play a role in the etiology of Hodgkin's disease and other malignancies. HHV-6 is a commensal inhabitant of brains; various neurologic manifestations, including convulsions and encephalitis, can occur during primary HHV-6 infection or in immunocompromised patients. HHV-6 and distribution in the central nervous system are altered in patients with multiple sclerosis; the significance of this is under investigation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. ELI LILLY & CO, LILLY CORP CTR, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46285 USA. NR 579 TC 243 Z9 252 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 10 IS 3 BP 521 EP + PG 0 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XT151 UT WOS:A1997XT15100008 PM 9227865 ER PT J AU Eastman, RC Vinicor, FN AF Eastman, RC Vinicor, FN TI Science: Moving us in the right direction SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIABETES-MELLITUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIDDKD,DIV DIABET ENDOCRINOL & METAB DIS,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 1997 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1057 EP 1058 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XF836 UT WOS:A1997XF83600001 PM 9203435 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Gill, GV Abbas, Z AF Archibald, LK Gill, GV Abbas, Z TI Fatal hand sepsis in Tanzanian diabetic patients SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hand infections; sepsis; diabetes; Tanzania; antibiotics ID MELLITUS; INFECTIONS AB Hand infections are common presentations among diabetic patients admitted to hospital in Tanzania. The morbidity and mortality are high and patients' hospital inpatient stay tend to be prolonged because of suboptimal therapy. We describe four diabetic patients with hand infections and fatal outcomes. In contrast to patients with foot infections, none of our patients had clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy or vascular disease. All four patients eventually died in hospital after acquiring hand sepsis and diabetic ketoacidosis which did not respond to prolonged courses of intravenous insulin and antimicrobials. Literature review suggests such infections are at least as likely to include Cram-negative organisms as Staphylococcus aureus. Primary management should have included aggressive surgery with limb amputation ii necessary with adjunctive antimicrobial therapy. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-55,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 14 IS 7 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199707)14:7<607::AID-DIA395>3.0.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XJ988 UT WOS:A1997XJ98800017 PM 9223401 ER PT J AU McNicholl, JM Smith, DK Qari, SH Hodge, T AF McNicholl, JM Smith, DK Qari, SH Hodge, T TI Host genes and HIV: The role of the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 and its allele (Delta 32 CCR5) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; VIRUS AB Since the late 1970s, 8.4 million people worldwide, including 1.7 million children, have died of AIDS, and an estimated 22 million people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(I). During 1995 and 1996, major clinical and laboratory discoveries regarding HIV pathogenesis provided new hope for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. One major discovery was that members of the chemokine receptor family serve as cofactors for HIV entry into cells. We describe the role of allelic polymorphism in the gene coding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor with regard to susceptibility to and disease course of HIV infection. We also examine the effect of this discovery on medical and public health practices. RP McNicholl, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MS A-25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 62 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700002 PM 9284370 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF Cohen, ML Swerdlow, DL AF Altekruse, SF Cohen, ML Swerdlow, DL TI Emerging foodborne diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN LISTERIOSIS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; CHOLERA; VIRUS AB The epidemiology of foodborne diseases is rapidly changing. Recently described pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the epidemic strain of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium Definitive Type 104 (which is resistant to at least five antimicrobial drugs), have become important public health problems. Well-recognized pathogens, such as Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, have increased in prevalence or become associated with new vehicles. Emergence in foodborne diseases is driven by the same forces as emergence in other infectious diseases: changes in demographic characteristics, human behavior, industry, and technology; the shift toward a global economy; microbial adaptation; and the breakdown in the public health infrastructure. Addressing emerging foodborne diseases will require more sensitive and rapid surveillance, enhanced methods of laboratory identification and subtyping, and effective prevention and control. RP Altekruse, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAIL STOP A-38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 57 TC 256 Z9 271 U1 0 U2 17 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700004 PM 9284372 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Kuehnert, MJ Tenover, FC Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Kuehnert, MJ Tenover, FC Jarvis, WR TI Vancomycin-resistant enterococci outside the health-care setting: Prevalence, sources, and public health implications SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; FAECIUM BACTEREMIA; ANIMAL ORIGIN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; SPREAD; RISK AB Although nosocomial acquisition and subsequent colonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), an emerging international threat to public health, has been emphasized in the United States, colonization among nonhospitalized persons has been infrequently documented. In contrast, in Europe, colonization appears to occur frequently in persons outside the health-care setting. An important factor associated with VRE in the community in Europe has been avoparcin, a glycopeptide antimicrobial drug used for years in many European nations at subtherapeutic doses as a growth promoter in food-producing animals. In Europe, evidence suggests that foodborne VRE may cause human colonization. Although avoparcin has never been approved for use in the United States, undetected community VRE transmission may be occurring at low levels. Further studies of community transmission of VRE in the United States are urgently needed. If transmission with VRE from unrecognized community sources can be identified and controlled, increased incidence of colonization and infection among hospitalized patients may be prevented. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 52 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 311 EP 317 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700007 PM 9284375 ER PT J AU Wells, RM Young, J Williams, RJ Armstrong, LR Busico, K Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Zaki, SR Nichol, ST Peters, CJ AF Wells, RM Young, J Williams, RJ Armstrong, LR Busico, K Khan, AS Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Zaki, SR Nichol, ST Peters, CJ TI Hantavirus transmission in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; DISEASE AB In 1996, investigation of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) outbreak in southern Argentina found evidence of person-to-person transmission of a hantavirus. The infection control ramifications of this finding led to this review of hantavirus epidemiology in the United States; the review suggests that Sin Nombre virus infection is rarely, if ever, transmitted from person to person and that existing guidelines for prevention of HPS remain appropriate for North America. RP Wells, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Wells, Rachel/0000-0002-6847-0143 NR 15 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 361 EP 365 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700014 PM 9284382 ER PT J AU Herikstad, H Hayes, P Mokhtar, M Fracaro, ML Threlfall, EJ Angulo, FJ AF Herikstad, H Hayes, P Mokhtar, M Fracaro, ML Threlfall, EJ Angulo, FJ TI Emerging quinolone-resistant Salmonella in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS AB We conducted a national survey of antimicrobial resistance in human clinical isolates of Salmonella between July 1, 1994, and June 30, 1995. Every tenth nontyphoidal Salmonella isolate received at state public health laboratories in the United States during this period was tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents, including two quinolones, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. Emerging quinolone resistance was detected; of 4,008 isolates tested, 21 (0.5%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, and one (0.02%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Continued surveillance for quinolone-resistant Salmonella is necessary, particularly after the recent approval of a fluoroquinolone for use in animals intended for food in the United States. C1 PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. RP Herikstad, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 371 EP 372 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700016 PM 9284384 ER PT J AU Pieniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL AF Pieniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL TI Reevaluating the molecular taxonomy: Is human-associated Cyclospora a mammalian Eimeria species? SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Human-associated Cyclospora is a coccidian parasite that causes diarrheal disease. A reevaluation of the parasite's molecular taxonomy that takes into account newly published data for seven Eimeria species shows that Cyclospora belongs to the Eimeria clade (Eimeriidae family). The Cyclospora branch on the phylogenetic tree is between the branches of the eight avian and two mammalian Eimeria species that have been evaluated to date. Furthermore, preliminary results indicate that Cyclospora and Isospora belli, another coccidian parasite that causes diarrheal disease in humans, belong to different families. To improve our understanding of the taxonomy of human-associated Cyclospora, molecular evaluation of isolates of additional Cyclospora and Eimeria species is needed. RP Pieniazek, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 381 EP 383 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700019 PM 9284387 ER PT J AU Lilley, B Lammie, P Dickerson, J Eberhard, M AF Lilley, B Lammie, P Dickerson, J Eberhard, M TI An increase in hookworm infection temporally associated with ecologic change SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC MALARIA; BRAZIL AB This report describes a significant increase in the prevalence of hookworm infection in an area of Haiti where intestinal parasites are common, but hookworm has not been common. Changing environmental conditions, specifically deforestation and subsequent silting of a local river, have caused periodic flooding with deposition of a layer of sandy loam topsoil and increased soil moisture. We speculate that these conditions, conducive to transmission of the infection, have allowed hookworm to reemerge as an important human pathogen. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Lilley, B (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 391 EP 393 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700021 PM 9284389 ER PT J AU Hutwagner, LC Maloney, EK Bean, NH Slutsker, L Martin, SM AF Hutwagner, LC Maloney, EK Bean, NH Slutsker, L Martin, SM TI Using laboratory-based surveillance data for prevention: An algorithm for detecting Salmonella outbreaks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID QUALITY-CONTROL; CUSUM; DISEASES AB By applying cumulative sums (CUSUM), a quality control method commonly used in manufacturing, we constructed a process for detecting unusual clusters among reported laboratory isolates of disease-causing organisms. We developed a computer algorithm based on minimal adjustments to the CUSUM method, which cumulates sums of the differences between frequencies of isolates and their expected means; we used the algorithm to identify outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates reported in 1993. By comparing these detected outbreaks with known reported outbreaks, we estimated the sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rate of the method. Sensitivity by state in which the outbreak was reported was 0%(0/1) to 100%. Specificity was 64% to 100%, and the false-positive rate was 0 to 1. RP Hutwagner, LC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700022 PM 9284390 ER PT J AU Mahon, BE Griffin, PM Mead, PS Tauxe, RV AF Mahon, BE Griffin, PM Mead, PS Tauxe, RV TI Hemolytic uremic syndrome surveillance to monitor trends in infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other shiga toxin-producing E-coli SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; WASHINGTON; MINNESOTA; CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Mahon, BE (reprint author), UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 409 EP 412 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700029 PM 9284395 ER PT J AU Angulo, FJ AF Angulo, FJ TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 3 IS 3 BP 414 EP 414 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XR517 UT WOS:A1997XR51700030 ER PT J AU Simonsen, L Clarke, MJ Stroup, DF Williamson, D Arden, NH Cox, NJ AF Simonsen, L Clarke, MJ Stroup, DF Williamson, D Arden, NH Cox, NJ TI A method for timely assessment of influenza-associated mortality in the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza; mortality; surveillance; pneumonia; models ID EXCESS MORTALITY; EPIDEMICS; SURVEILLANCE AB influenza-associated mortality has traditionally been estimated as the excess mortality above a baseline of deaths during influenza epidemic periods. Excess mortality estimates are not timely, because national vital statistics data became available after a period of 2-3 years. To develop a method for timely reporting, we used the 121 Cities Surveillance System (121 Cities), maintained at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as an alternative data source. We fit a cyclical regression model to time series of weekly 121 Cities pneumonia and influenza deaths for 1972-1996 to estimate the excess pneumonia and influenza mortality and to compare these figures with national vital statistics estimates for 20 influenza seasons during 1972-1992. Seasonal excess mortality based on 121 Cities correlated well with the national data: for 18 (90%) of 20 seasons, our influenza epidemic severity index category approximated the result based on national vital statistics. We generated preliminary severity categories for the four recent seasons during 1992-1996. We conclude that the 121 Cities Surveillance System can be used for the timely assessment of the severity of future influenza epidemics and pandemics, Timely pneumonia and influenza mortality reporting systems established in sentinel countries worldwide would help alert public health officials and allow prompt prevention and intervention strategies during future influenza epidemics and pandemics. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 22 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1097/00001648-199707000-00007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG005 UT WOS:A1997XG00500011 PM 9209852 ER PT J AU Marrazzo, JM Fine, D Celum, CL DeLisle, S Handsfield, HH AF Marrazzo, JM Fine, D Celum, CL DeLisle, S Handsfield, HH TI Selective screening for chlamydial infection in women: A comparison of three sets of criteria SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; SPECIMENS AB Selective screening has been associated with marked declines in the prevalence of chlamydial infection, the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. A comparison of the performance of different selective screening criteria in three groups of family planning and STD clinic clients shows that criteria recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention performed well overall, detecting 88-89% of infections by screening 58-74% of women. Criteria based on age alone performed best among low-risk clients with a low prevalence of chlamydial infection, particularly when all women younger than age 25 were screened (sensitivity, 84-92%); the age-based criteria still required screening only 59-71% of all women. Selective screening criteria should be based on age, risk profile and chlamydia prevalence in specific clinical settings, and should be reevaluated as chlamydia prevalence declines. C1 CTR HLTH TRAINING,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CDC,ATLANTA,GA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. RP Marrazzo, JM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. OI Marrazzo, Jeanne/0000-0002-9277-7364 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI-07140] NR 27 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 29 IS 4 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.2307/2953378 PG 5 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA XN882 UT WOS:A1997XN88200002 PM 9258646 ER PT J AU Gorman, MJ Severson, DW Cornel, AJ Collins, FH Paskewitz, SM AF Gorman, MJ Severson, DW Cornel, AJ Collins, FH Paskewitz, SM TI Mapping a quantitative trait locus involved in melanotic encapsulation of foreign bodies in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; PLASMODIUM-CYNOMOLGI; AEDES-AEGYPTI; SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; REFRACTORY STRAIN; MENDELIAN FACTORS; SEPHADEX BEADS; LINKAGE MAP; ASSOCIATION; RESOLUTION AB A Plasmodium-refractory strain of Anopheles gambiae melanotically encapsulates many species of Plasmodium, whereas wild-type mosquitoes are usually susceptible. This encapsulation trait can also be observed by studying the response of refractory and susceptible strains to intrathoracically injected CM-Sephadex beads. We report the results of broad-scale quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the encapsulation trait using the bead model system. Interval mapping using the method of maximum likelihood identified one major QTL, Pen1. The 13.7-cM interval containing Pen1 was defined by marker AGH157 at 8E and AGH46 at 7A on 2R. Pen1 was associated with a maximum LOD score of 9.0 and accounted for 44% of the phenotypic variance in the distribution of phenotypes in the backcross. To test if this QTL is important for encapsulation of Plasmodium berghei, F-2 progeny were infected with P. berghei and evaluated for degree of parasite encapsulation. For each of the two markers that define the interval containing Pen1, a significant difference of encapsulation was seen in progeny with at least one refractory allele in contrast with homozygous susceptible progeny. These results suggest that Pen1 is important for melanotic encapsulation of Plasmodium as well as beads. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ANIM HLTH & BIOMED SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Gorman, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,237 RUSSELL LABS,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI037083, AI07414-01, AI-37083-01, AI-28781-06] NR 35 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 146 IS 3 BP 965 EP 971 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XJ908 UT WOS:A1997XJ90800017 PM 9215900 ER PT J AU Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL Southwood, S Wentworth, PA Sidney, J Chesnut, RW Keogh, E Appella, E Nutman, TB Lal, AA Gordon, DM Oloo, A Sette, A AF Doolan, DL Hoffman, SL Southwood, S Wentworth, PA Sidney, J Chesnut, RW Keogh, E Appella, E Nutman, TB Lal, AA Gordon, DM Oloo, A Sette, A TI Degenerate cytotoxic T cell epitopes from P-falciparum restricted by multiple HLA-A and HLA-B supertype alleles SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SPOROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-2; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; GAMMA-INTERFERON; LYMPHOCYTES-T; INFECTED HEPATOCYTES; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; PEPTIDE-BINDING; SEVERE MALARIA; RESPONSES AB We recently described human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A2, A3 and B7 supertypes, characterized by largely overlapping peptide-binding specificities and represented in a high percentage of different populations. Here, we identified 17 Plasmodium falciparum peptides capable of binding these supertypes and assessed antigenicity in both vaccinated and naturally exposed populations. Positive cytotoxic T lymphocyte recall and cytokine (interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) responses were detected for all peptides; all were recognized in the context of more than one HLA class I molecule; and at least 12 of the 17 were recognized in the context of all HLA alleles studied. These data validate the concept of HLA supertypes at the biological level, show that highly degenerate peptides are almost always recognized as epitopes, and demonstrate the feasibility of developing a universally effective vaccine by focusing on a limited number of peptide specificities. C1 CYTEL CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA 92121. NCI,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,KISSIAN,KENYA. RP Doolan, DL (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20889, USA. RI Doolan, Denise/F-1969-2015 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45241] NR 59 TC 140 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD JUL PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 97 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80513-0 PG 16 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XN693 UT WOS:A1997XN69300009 PM 9252123 ER PT J AU Gaynes, RP AF Gaynes, RP TI Surveillance of nosocomial infections: A fundamental ingredient for quality SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; PROGRAM RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-55,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 18 IS 7 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XM291 UT WOS:A1997XM29100001 PM 9247829 ER PT J AU Stroud, L Srivastava, P Culver, D Bisno, A Rimland, D Simberkoff, M Elder, H Fierer, J Martone, W Gaynes, R AF Stroud, L Srivastava, P Culver, D Bisno, A Rimland, D Simberkoff, M Elder, H Fierer, J Martone, W Gaynes, R TI Nosocomial infections in HIV-infected patients: Preliminary results from a multicenter surveillance system (1989-1995) SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AUREUS NASAL CARRIAGE; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; HEMODIALYSIS; CATHETERS; COMPLICATIONS; BACTEREMIA C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,MIAMI,FL 33125. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30033. GEORGIA RES CTR AIDS & HIV INFECT,ATLANTA,GA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,NEW YORK,NY. JERRY L PETTIS MEM VET ADM MED CTR,MED SERV,INFECT DIS SECT,LOMA LINDA,CA 92354. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN DIEGO,CA 92161. RP Stroud, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP E-55,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013 OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125 NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 18 IS 7 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XM291 UT WOS:A1997XM29100002 PM 9247830 ER PT J AU Monnet, DL Biddle, JW Edwards, JR Culver, DH Tolson, JS Martone, WJ Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP AF Monnet, DL Biddle, JW Edwards, JR Culver, DH Tolson, JS Martone, WJ Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP TI Evidence of interhospital transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United States, 1986 to 1993 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFERABLE ENZYMATIC RESISTANCE; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; 3RD-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS; CEFTAZIDIME RESISTANCE; NURSING-HOME; GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS; FRENCH HOSPITALS; CARE FACILITY AB BACKGROUND: In addition to single-hospital outbreaks, interhospital transmission of extended-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant (ESBLR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has been suspected in some reports. However, these studies lacked sufficient epidemiological information to confirm such an occurrence. METHODS: We reviewed the surveillance data reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System during 1986 to 1993 for K pneumoniae isolates and their susceptibility to either ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, or aztreonam. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to study available ESBLR K pneumoniae isolates. RESULTS: Among 8,319 K pneumoniae isolates associated with nosocomial infections, 727 (8.7%) were resistant or had intermediate-level resistance to at least one of these antibiotics. One hospital (hospital A) accounted for 321 isolates (44.2%) of ESBLR K pneumoniae. During 1986 to 1993, the percentage of K pneumoniae isolates that were ESBLR increased from 9 to 57.7% in hospital A, from 0 to 35.6% in NNIS hospitals 0 to 20 miles from hospital A (area B), and from 1.6 to 7.3% in NNIS hospitals more than 20 miles from hospital A, including hospitals located throughout the United States. Analysis of PFGE restriction profiles showed a genetic relationship between a cluster of isolates from hospital A and some isolates from one hospital in area B, and consecutive admission in these two hospitals was confirmed for two patients from whom isolates were available. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence of interhospital transmission of ESBLR K pneumoniae in one region of the United States and stress the interrelationship between hospitals when trying to control antimicrobial resistance (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18:492-498). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 53 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 18 IS 7 BP 492 EP 498 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XM291 UT WOS:A1997XM29100004 PM 9247832 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Moon, RW Holtzman, D Smith, P Siegel, PZ AF Nelson, DE Moon, RW Holtzman, D Smith, P Siegel, PZ TI Patterns of health risk behaviors for chronic disease: A comparison between adolescent and adult American Indians living on or near reservations in Montana SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE health behavior; adolescence; health surveys; tobacco; physical fitness; diet; American Indians ID NATIVE-AMERICANS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; SMOKING; YOUTH; POPULATIONS; PREDICTORS; CHILDREN AB Purpose: To compare the chronic disease health risk behavior patterns of adolescents and adults among American Indians living on or near reservations in Montana. Methods: We analyzed data from the 1993 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of American Indians in Grades 9-12 living on or near Montana reservations. Risk factors included tobacco use, low physical activity, attempted weight loss, and low consumption of fruits, vegetables, and green salad. Similar data were analyzed from a 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Survey of American Indian adults living on or near reservations in Montana. Results: The prevalence of most adolescent health risk behaviors was high, especially cigarette smoking (45% for males, 57% for females), smokeless tobacco use (44% for males, 30% for females), and infrequent consumption of salad or vegetables (59-76%). With the exception of daily cigarette smoking and inadequate fruit consumption among adolescents of both genders and physical inactivity among adolescent males, the prevalence of chronic disease health risk behaviors among adolescents was similar to or higher than the prevalence of the same risk behaviors among adults. Conclusions: Many health risk behaviors for chronic diseases are common by the time this group of American Indians in Montana has reached adolescence. Possible reasons may include modeling of familial behaviors, peer pressure, advertising, or age cohort effects. If these risk behavior patterns continue into adulthood, morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases are likely to remain high. Substantial efforts are needed to prevent or reduce health risk behaviors among adolescents and adults in this population. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1997. C1 MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADULT & COMMUN HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUL PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00274-1 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA XH237 UT WOS:A1997XH23700006 PM 9215507 ER PT J AU Hiramatsu, K Hanaki, H Ino, T Yabuta, K Oguri, T Tenover, FC AF Hiramatsu, K Hanaki, H Ino, T Yabuta, K Oguri, T Tenover, FC TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter C1 JUNTENDO UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,TOKYO,JAPAN. JUNTENDO HOSP,CLIN LAB,TOKYO,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB,ATLANTA,GA. RP Hiramatsu, K (reprint author), JUNTENDO UNIV,DEPT BACTERIOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. NR 8 TC 1212 Z9 1306 U1 6 U2 72 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 135 EP 136 DI 10.1093/jac/40.1.135 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XN567 UT WOS:A1997XN56700021 PM 9249217 ER PT J AU Pettersson, B Andersson, A Leitner, T Olsvik, O Uhlen, M Storey, C Black, CM AF Pettersson, B Andersson, A Leitner, T Olsvik, O Uhlen, M Storey, C Black, CM TI Evolutionary relationships among members of the genus Chlamydia based on 16S ribosomal DNA analysis SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMONIAE STRAIN TWAR; PLASMID DNA; RNA; SEQUENCE; INFECTION; PSITTACI; CULTURE; ORIGIN AB Nucleotide sequences from strains of the four species currently in the genus Chlamydia, C. pecorum, C. pneumoniae, C. psittaci, and C. trachomatis were investigated. In vitro-amplified RNA genes of the ribosomal small subunit from 30 strains of C. pneumoniae and C. pecorum were subjected to solid-phase DNA sequencing of both strands. The human isolates of C. pneumoniae differed in only one position in the 16S rRNA gene, indicating genetic homogeneity among these strains. Interestingly, horse isolate N16 of C. pneumoniae was found to be closely related to the human isolates of this species, with a 98.9% nucleotide similarity between their 16S rRNA sequences. The type strain and koala isolates of C. pecorum were also found to be very similar to each other, possessing two different 16S rRNA sequences with only one-nucleotide difference. Furthermore, the C. pecorum strains truncated the 16S rRNA molecule by one nucleotide compared to the molecules of the other chlamydial species. This truncation was found to result in loss of a unilaterally bulged nucleotide, an attribute present in all other eubacteria. The phylogenetic structure of the genus Chlamydia was determined by analysis of 16S rRNA sequences. All phylogenetic trees revealed a distinct line of descent of the family Chlamydiaceae built of two main clusters which we denote the C. pneumoniae cluster and the C. psittaci cluster. The clusters were verified by bootstrap analysis of the trees and signature nucleotide analysis. The former cluster contained the human isolates of C. pneumoniae and equine strain N16. The latter cluster consisted of C. psittaci, C. pecorum, and C. trachomatis. The members of the C. pneumoniae cluster showed tight clustering and strain N16 is likely to be a subspecies of C. pneumoniae since these strains also share some antigenic cross-reactivity and clustering of major outer membrane protein gene sequences. C. psittaci and strain N16 branched early out of the respective cluster, and interestingly, their inclusion bodies do not stain with iodine. Furthermore, they also share less reliable features like normal elementary body morphology and plasmid content. Therefore, the branching order presented here is very likely a true reflection of evolution, with strain N16 of the species C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci forming early branches of their respective cluster and with C. trachomatis being the more recently evolved species within the genus Chlamydia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOTECHNOL,S-10044 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GRP T10,LOS ALAMOS,NM. UNIV TROMSO,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,TROMSO,NORWAY. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT MICROBIOL,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 179 IS 13 BP 4195 EP 4205 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XJ207 UT WOS:A1997XJ20700015 PM 9209033 ER PT J AU Abadin, HG Wheeler, JS Jones, DE DeRosa, CT AF Abadin, HG Wheeler, JS Jones, DE DeRosa, CT TI A framework to guide public health assessment decisions at lead sites SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bioavailability; framework; health assessment; lead; slope factor ID CHILDHOOD BLOOD LEAD; ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; HUMANS; WATER; ABSORPTION; METABOLISM; ELEMENTS; MODEL AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) provides health consultations and assessments at hazardous waste sites. Many of these sites have potentially significant levels of lead contamination for which the Agency must assess the health implications of exposure. Typically, environmental data are used to predict blood lend (PbB) levels in order to determine at which sites, if any, follow-up action is needed Estimating blood lead levels from environmental lead concentrations, however, can be problematic. Several approaches have been developed, including classical ingestion rate determinations and comparison to animal studies, prevalence studies extrapolated to comparable sites, regression analysis of known exposure followed by slope factor estimates of similar levels of exposure, and the Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model (IEUBK). Uncertainty is attendant to each of these approaches due, in part, to the limited nature of the environmental sampling data and the various site-specific factors. In this manuscript we describe an approach ATSDR developed to utilize regression analysis with multiroute uptake parameters to estimate blood lead levels in children. RP Abadin, HG (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,MSPH,DIV TOXICOL,AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 225 EP 237 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA YK012 UT WOS:A1997YK01200001 ER PT J AU Nakao, H Popovic, T AF Nakao, H Popovic, T TI Development of a direct PCR assay for detection of the diphtheria toxin gene SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TOXIGENIC CORYNEBACTERIUM-DIPHTHERIAE; IMMUNITY; STRAINS; ADULTS; DNA AB PCR has proved to be a reliable tool for the detection of the diphtheria toxin gene, tox, and its use has allowed for the rapid differentiation between toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains. In this study, this PCR was further developed, evaluated, and standardized to detect this gene directly from clinical specimens, Optimal conditions for collection, transport, and storage of the clinical specimens and isolation and purification of DNA from the clinical specimens were defined, With two sets of primers that detect the A and B subunits of the diphtheria toxin gene, sensitivity levels of 50 and 500 CFU/PCR mixture, respectively, were achieved, This PCR was evaluated with 162 clinical samples collected from patients with diphtheria and other upper respiratory tract infections, as well as from healthy individuals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIPHTHERIA RES PROJECT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1651 EP 1655 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100001 PM 9196167 ER PT J AU Lockhart, JM Davidson, WR Stallknecht, DE Dawson, JE Howerth, EW AF Lockhart, JM Davidson, WR Stallknecht, DE Dawson, JE Howerth, EW TI Isolation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis from wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) confirms their role as natural reservoir hosts SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; LONE STAR TICKS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; IXODIDAE; ABUNDANCE AB Field and experimental studies have implicated white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as probable reservoir hosts for Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, but natural infection in deer has not been confirmed through isolation of E. chaffeensis. Thirty-five white-tailed deer collected from three Amblyomma americanum-infested populations in Georgia were examined for evidence of E. chaffeensis infection by serologic, molecular, cell culture, and xenodiagnostic methods. Twenty-seven deer (77%) had E. chaffeensis-reactive indirect fluorescent-antibody assay titers of greater than or equal to 1:64; and the blood, spleens, or lymph nodes of seven (20%) deer were positive in a nested PCR assay with E. chaffeensis-specific primers. E. chaffeensis was isolated in DH82 cell cultures from the blood of five (14%) deer, including two deer that were PCR negative. Combination of culture and PCR results indicated that six (17%) deer were probably rickett-semic and that nine (26%) were probably infected. Restriction digestion of PCR products amplified from deer tissues anti cell culture isolates resulted in a banding pattern consistent with the E. chaffeensis 16S rRNA gene sequence. The sequences of all PCR products from deer tissues or cell culture isolates were identical to the sequence cf the Arkansas type strain of E. chaffeensis. Xenodiagnosis with C3H mice inoculated intraperitoneally with deer blood, spleen, or lymph node suspensions was unsuccessful. When viewed in the context of previous studies, these findings provide strong evidence that E. chaffeensis is maintained in nature primarily by a tick vector-vertebrate reservoir system consisting of lone star ticks and white-tailed deer. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,SE COOPERAT WILDLIFE DIS STUDY,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R15 AI37911-01] NR 25 TC 114 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1681 EP 1686 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100007 PM 9196173 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Hofmann, J Pruckler, JM Benson, RF Fields, BS Bandyopadhyay, P Donnally, EF GiorgioAlmonte, C Mermel, LA Boland, S Matyas, BT Breiman, RF AF Whitney, CG Hofmann, J Pruckler, JM Benson, RF Fields, BS Bandyopadhyay, P Donnally, EF GiorgioAlmonte, C Mermel, LA Boland, S Matyas, BT Breiman, RF TI The role of arbitrarily primed PCR in identifying the source of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PONTIAC FEVER; EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER; COOLING-TOWER; TRANSMISSION; ASPIRATION; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENS; ASSAY AB An outbreak of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD) occurred in Providence, R.I., in fall 1993. To find the outbreak source, exposures of 17 case patients mere compared to those of 33 matched controls. Case patients were more likely than controls to have visited a section of downtown (area A) during the 2 weeks before illness (11 [65%] versus 9 [27%]; matched odds ratio, 6.5; P = 0.01), Water samples were cultured from 27 aerosol-producing devices within area A. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates underwent monoclonal antibody (MAb) subtyping and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), All four L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates available from case patients who visited area A had identical MAb and AP-PCR patterns. Among 14 environmental isolates, 5 had MAb patterns that matched the case patient isolates, but only 1 had a matching AP-PCR pattern, This investigation implicates a cooling tower in area A as the outbreak source and illustrates the usefulness of AP-PCR for identifying sources of LD outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RHODE ISL HOSP,PROVIDENCE,RI. BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1800 EP 1804 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100031 PM 9196197 ER PT J AU Kordick, DL Hilyard, EJ Hadfield, TL Wilson, KH Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Breitschwerdt, EB AF Kordick, DL Hilyard, EJ Hadfield, TL Wilson, KH Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Breitschwerdt, EB TI Bartonella clarridgeiae, a newly recognized zoonotic pathogen causing inoculation papules, fever, and lymphadenopathy (cat scratch disease) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIRUS-POSITIVE PATIENT; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; AFIPIA-FELIS; DOMESTIC CATS; RISK-FACTORS; COMB-NOV; INFECTION; PREVALENCE AB Shortly after adopting a 6-week-old cat, a veterinarian was bitten on the left index finger, Within 3 weeks, he developed headache, fever, and left axillary lymphadenopathy, Initial blood cultures from the cat and veterinarian were sterile, Repeat cultures from the cat grew Bartonella-like organisms with lophotrichous flagella, Sera from the veterinarian were not reactive against Bartonella henselae, B. quintana, or B. elizabethae antigens but were seroreactive (reciprocal titer, 1,024) against the feline isolate, Sequential serum samples from the cat were reactive against antigens of B. henselae (titer, 1,024), B. quintana (titer, 128), and the feline isolate (titer, 2,048), Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of this and six additional feline isolates, including microscopic evaluation, biochemical analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, DNA-DNA hybridization, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S gene, 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, and citrate synthase gene identified the isolates as B. clarridgeiae. This is the first report of cat scratch disease associated with B. clarridgeiae. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT COMPAN ANIM & SPECIAL SPECIES MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,DURHAM,NC 27710. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 47 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1813 EP 1818 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100034 PM 9196200 ER PT J AU Kao, AS Ashford, DA McNeil, MM Warren, NG Good, RC AF Kao, AS Ashford, DA McNeil, MM Warren, NG Good, RC TI Descriptive profile of tuberculin skin testing programs and laboratory-acquired tuberculosis infections in public health laboratories SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORKERS AB The increase in numbers of cases of tuberculosis in the United States has placed greater demands on mycobacteriology laboratory workers to produce rapid and accurate results, The greater number of specimens generated by the increased emphasis on detecting the disease has placed these workers at greater risk of laboratory-acquired infection, We surveyed 56 state and territorial public health laboratories to determine the status of existing tuberculin skin testing (TST) programs and to evaluate the frequency of probable laboratory-acquired tuberculosis for each responding mycobacteriology laboratory, Probable laboratory acquired infections were determined by each laboratory's evaluation of occupational positions, duties, and employee histories and review of medical records. Two-step TST for new employees was routinely practiced in only 33% of responding laboratories, and mycobacteriology laboratorians were found to be most frequently screened when they were compared to employees of other departments, Of 49 (88%) responding laboratories, 13 reported that 21 employees were TST converters from 1990 to 1994, Seven of these 21 employees were documented to have laboratory-acquired infections based on evaluations by their respective laboratories, Based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, converters are categorized on the basis of both a change in the size of the zone of induration and the age of the person being tested, By the definitions in the guidelines, 14 mycobacteriologists were identified as recent converters, 7 of whom were greater than or equal to 35 years of age and 4 of whom were exposed in the laboratory within a 2-year period. Inadequate isolation procedures, the high volume of specimen handling, and faulty ventilation accounted for these laboratory-associated infections. These results suggest that more frequent periodic evaluations based on documented TST conversions for workers in mycobacterial laboratories should be performed, since this population is at increased risk of becoming infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although general assessments are necessary to accurately and effectively evaluate the risk of tuberculosis transmission, they are especially important for those working in high-risk areas within a public health laboratory. C1 ASSOC STATE & TERR PUBL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Kao, AS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MS-C23,ATLANTA,GA 30033, USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1847 EP 1851 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100040 PM 9196206 ER PT J AU delAguila, C LopezVelez, R Fenoy, S Turrientes, C Cobo, J Navajas, R Visvesvara, GS Croppo, GP DaSilva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ AF delAguila, C LopezVelez, R Fenoy, S Turrientes, C Cobo, J Navajas, R Visvesvara, GS Croppo, GP DaSilva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ TI Identification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores in respiratory samples from an AIDS patient with a 2-year history of intestinal microsporidiosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SEPTATA-INTESTINALIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-CUNICULI; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ALBENDAZOLE; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; HELLEM; FEATURES; SEQUENCE AB Enterocytozoon bieneusi, a microsporidian parasite, has been recognized since 1985 as an agent of intestinal microsporidiosis leading to malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, and weight loss in AIDS patients, Recently, however, we have identified E. bieneusi spores in the sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and stool samples of an AIDS patient with a 2-year history of intestinal microsporidiosis. The spores were characterized by Weber's chromotrope-based staining, immunofluorescence tests, and PCR, No microsporidia were detected in urine samples by the same techniques. PCR was performed with DNAs purified from specimens with E. bieneusi-, Encephalitozoon cuniculi-, Encephalitozoon hellem-, and Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis-specific primers. Treatment with albendazole and loperamide resulted in an improvement of intestinal symptoms, without eradication of the parasite. To our knowledge, this is the second report of the identification of E. bieneusi spores in respiratory and enteric samples obtained from an AIDS patient. Although no pulmonary pathology could be established in either of these cases, it is now clear that E. bieneusi is capable of colonizing the respiratory tract and it is suggested that investigators should be aware of the possibility of finding E. bieneusi spores in respiratory secretions. C1 UNIV SAN PABLO CEU,FAC CIENCIAS EXPT & TECN,DEPT BIOL,SECC PARASITOL,MADRID,SPAIN. HOSP RAMON Y CAJAL,E-28034 MADRID,SPAIN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RI Fenoy, Soledad /A-9633-2016 OI Fenoy, Soledad /0000-0002-5218-6308 NR 33 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1862 EP 1866 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100044 PM 9196210 ER PT J AU Thompson, T Facklam, R AF Thompson, T Facklam, R TI Cross-reactions of reagents from streptococcal grouping kits with Streptococcus porcinus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Streptococcus porcinus is usually associated with swine. Because we have received several isolates from human sources that had cross-reacted with commercial group B streptococcal reagents, we examined several commercial kits to determine the extent of this cross-reaction. Fifteen reference and 15 clinical strains of S. porcinus were tested for cross-reactions,vith group B streptococcal reagents from 12 different commercial kits. Cross-reactions were detected with all group B reagents, but the number of cross-reactions varied with each kit. We recommend that manufacturers of reagents designed to identify group B streptococci by serologic methods test their reagents for cross-reactions with selected S. porcinus cultures or antigens. RP Thompson, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,STREPTOCOCCUS LAB,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1885 EP 1886 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100050 PM 9196216 ER PT J AU Roehrig, JT Bolin, RA AF Roehrig, JT Bolin, RA TI Monoclonal antibodies capable of distinguishing epizootic from enzootic varieties of subtype 1 Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses in a rapid indirect immunofluorescence assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; EPITOPES; TC-83 AB We used previously characterized murine monoclonal antibodies to develop a panel useful in subtyping Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay. This panel worked well with either prototype VEE viruses or a series of more recent VEE virus isolates. The panel is particularly useful for rapidly differentiating VEE viruses with epidemic-epizootic potential from other endemic varieties of this virus. Using this panel, we identified an antigenic variant of prototype VEE subtype 1E virus currently present in Mexico. This antigenic change in the E2 glycoprotein was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Because VEE virus virulence has been associated in part with the E2 glycoprotein, this observed antigenic change in the 1E virus E2 glycoprotein may explain the apparent equine virulence of this unusual VEE 1E virus. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ARBOVIRUS DIS BRANCH,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1887 EP 1890 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XE591 UT WOS:A1997XE59100051 PM 9196217 ER PT J AU Hearl, FJ AF Hearl, FJ TI Industrial hygiene sampling and applications to ambient silica monitoring SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dust; exposure limits; respirable; sampling; silica ID REGIONAL DEPOSITION; PARTICLES AB Interest in ambient exposures to silica has prompted an evaluation of the applicability of the industrial hygiene sampling and analysis experience. Exposure to excessive levels of silica in the workplace has long been recognized as a risk factor for the development of a variety of disabling and sometimes fatal lung diseases. Initial efforts to control occupational exposure to dust were based on reducing exposures as measured by particle-counting techniques. Because silicosis, the disease resulting from exposure to silica, occurs in the lower airways, which can be reached only by small ''respirable dust'' particles, size selective sampling procedures were introduced for dust monitoring. The analysis of silica in collected dust samples also has undergone development. Initial methods used involved acid digestion of soluble silicates, with subsequent chemical analysis oft he insoluble ''free silica'' fraction. Current methodology relies on the use of X-ray diffraction and infrared technologies to quantify these materials. However, these methods are sensitive to the particle size distribution of the samples. Standard reference materials (SRMs) have been developed for use with respirable size dust samples. Ambient particulate matter is now measured using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sampling methods for particulate matter less than or equal to 10 mu m, which approximate the collection efficiency for thoracic fraction samplers. Because the existing calibration SRMs were produced for the measurement of occupational crystalline silica, the need to develop appropriate standards and methods for ambient silica measurements should be evaluated. RP Hearl, FJ (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1997 VL 7 IS 3 BP 279 EP 289 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA XM155 UT WOS:A1997XM15500003 PM 9246591 ER PT J AU Albarino, CG Ghiringhelli, PD Posik, DM Lozano, ME Ambrosio, AM Sanchez, A Romanowski, V AF Albarino, CG Ghiringhelli, PD Posik, DM Lozano, ME Ambrosio, AM Sanchez, A Romanowski, V TI Molecular characterization of attenuated Junin virus strains SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID L-RNA SEGMENT; S-RNA; ARENAVIRUS; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; GENE; VIRULENCE; CLEAVAGE; MUTATION AB The Junin virus strain Candid #1 was developed as a live attenuated vaccine for Argentine haemorrhagic fever. In this paper we report the nucleotide sequences of S RNA of Candid #1 and its more virulent ancestors XJ#44 and XJ (prototype). Their relationship to Junin virus wild-type MC2 strain and other closely and distantly related arenaviruses was also examined. Comparisons of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of N and GPC genes from Candid #1 and its progenitor strains revealed some changes that are unique to the vaccine strain. These changes could be provisionally associated with the attenuated phenotype. C1 NATL UNIV LA PLATA,FAC CIENCIAS EXACTAS,INST BIOQUIM & BIOL MOL,DEPT CIENCIAS BIOL,RA-1900 LA PLATA,ARGENTINA. UNIV NACL QUILMES,DEPT CIENCIA & TECNOL,RA-1876 BERNAL,ARGENTINA. INST ESTUDIOS ENFERMEDADES VIRALES HUMANAS,RA-2700 PERGAMINO,ARGENTINA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 78 BP 1605 EP 1610 PN 7 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XJ747 UT WOS:A1997XJ74700014 PM 9225036 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Kuramoto, IK Favorov, MO Schoening, VR Burkholder, BT Shapiro, CN Holland, PV AF Mast, EE Kuramoto, IK Favorov, MO Schoening, VR Burkholder, BT Shapiro, CN Holland, PV TI Prevalence of and risk factors for antibody to hepatitis E virus seroreactivity among blood donors in northern California SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IX Triennial International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY APR 21-25, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRANSMITTED NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; PROTEIN AB To evaluate antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) seroreactivity, 5000 US blood donors were tested for anti-HEV by two EIAs: a mosaic protein assay (MPr-EIA) and a recombinant protein assay (RPr-EIA). Overall, 59 (1.2%) were seroreactive by MPr-EIA and 70 (1.4%) were seroreactive by RPr-EIA, The overall concordance between tests was 98.5% (4925/5000); the concordance among reactive sera by either test was only 27% (27/102). In a case-control study, seroreactive persons were more likely than seronegative persons to have traveled to countries in which HEV is endemic (odds ratio [OR] for MPr-EIA = 4.3, P < .001; OR for RPr-EIA = 2.5, P = .005), but 31% of MPr-EIA anti-HEV-reactive persons and 38% of RPr-EIA anti-HEV-reactive persons had no history of international travel, These findings suggest that travelers to regions in which HEV is endemic can acquire subclinical HEV infection. The significance of anti-HEV seroreactivity among persons without an international travel history needs to be determined. C1 SACRAMENTO MED FDN,CTR BLOOD,SACRAMENTO,CA. SACRAMENTO MED FDN,CTR BLOOD RES,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1086/514037 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH275 UT WOS:A1997XH27500005 PM 9207347 ER PT J AU Fiorentino, TR Beall, B Mshar, P Bessen, DE AF Fiorentino, TR Beall, B Mshar, P Bessen, DE TI A genetic-based evaluation of the principal tissue reservoir for group a streptococci isolated from normally sterile sites SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIII Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases CY SEP 16-20, 1996 CL INST PASTEUR, PARIS, FRANCE SP Inst Pasteur, Abbott Labs, Assoc Enseignement Odontol & Stomatol, bioMerieux, Bristol Meyers Squibb Co, CNRS, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Fdn Marcel Merieux, GenProbe, Grp Danone, Inst Sci Roussel, Int Lancefield Soc, Int Sci Fdn, Pasteur Merieux MSD, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Rhone Poulene Rorer, Ctr Rech Vitry Alfortville, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Bellon, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Specia, France, Sanofi Diagnost Pasteur, France, SmithKline Beecham Labs Pharm, France, Wyeth Ayerst, Lederle Int, US, Yamanouchi Pharm, Japan HO INST PASTEUR ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; INVASIVE GROUP; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; M-PROTEIN; PYOGENES; INFECTIONS; DISEASE AB The primary sites of infection and principal reservoirs for transmission of group A streptococci are the nasopharyngeal mucosa and the impetigo lesion, However, pharyngitis and impetigo are rarely observed prior to invasive disease, and, thus, the origin of invasive strains is largely unknown, As part of an active surveillance program, group A streptococci were obtained from normally sterile tissue sites of Connecticut residents during a 6-month period, Organisms were analyzed for genetic markers that distinguish between strains that use the nasopharynx versus an impetiginous lesion as their primary site for infection, The nasopharyngeal marker was observed for most sterile-site isolates, suggesting that the upper respiratory tract is the principal reservoir from which organisms causing invasive disease are disseminated, Genotypic analyses of sterile-site isolates support the view that additional factors, aside from a recent emergence of a few virulent clones, are important contributors to invasive group A streptococcal disease. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. STATE CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-28944] NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1086/514020 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH275 UT WOS:A1997XH27500022 PM 9207364 ER PT J AU Clarke, LM Duerr, A Yeung, KHA Brockman, S Barbosa, C Macasaet, M AF Clarke, LM Duerr, A Yeung, KHA Brockman, S Barbosa, C Macasaet, M TI Recovery of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus from upper and lower genital tract specimens obtained from women with pelvic inflammatory disease SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Lower genital tract specimens and endometrial biopsies from 147 women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and surgical specimens (fallopian tubes, ovaries, or both) from 22 women with PID and 37 women without PID were cultured for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV), as well as for organisms commonly associated with PID. CMV was isolated from 39 cervical or endometrial samples from 30 (20.4%) of 147 women with PID and from ovaries or fallopian tubes from 5 (22.7%) of 22 women with PID, but CMV was not recovered from surgical specimens obtained from 37 women undergoing surgery for tubal ligation, ectopic pregnancy, or other gynecologic conditions (P = .005). HSV was isolated from cervical samples obtained from 5 (3.4%) of 147 women with PID but not from any endometrial or surgical specimens. These data suggest that CMV, but not HSV, may contribute to the pathogenesis of PID in same patients. C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Clarke, LM (reprint author), SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,BOX 37,450 CLARKSON AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11203, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1086/517268 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH275 UT WOS:A1997XH27500042 PM 9207384 ER PT J AU Hershow, RC Galai, N Kaplan, J AF Hershow, RC Galai, N Kaplan, J TI Human T cell lymphotropic virus type II and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease progression - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 COLL MED,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. HADASSAH SCH PUBL HLTH,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Hershow, RC (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,SCH PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 176 IS 1 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH275 UT WOS:A1997XH27500049 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Happ, CM AF Piesman, J Happ, CM TI Ability of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to infect rodents and three species of human-biting ticks (blacklegged tick, American dog tick, lone star tick) (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Dermacentor variabilis; Amblyomma americanum; Lyme disease; vector competence ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; ENDEMIC AREA; VECTORS; TRANSMISSION; RICINUS; SPIROCHAETACEAE; COMPETENCE; PREVALENCE AB The infectivity of a diverse collection of Borrelia burgdorferi strains from North America for mice was determined as a prelude to vector competence experiments with the 3 primary human-biting tick species in the eastern United States [Ixodes scapularis Say, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Amblyomma americanum (L.)]. Of the 34 B. burgdorferi strains inoculated into mice, 29 were infectious; the exceptions were 5 isolates from Texas. Vector competence experiments were conducted with 2 strains from the southern United States (North Carolina and Georgia). Both strains were extremely infectious to I. scapularis larvae. Moreover, I. scapularis efficiently maintained these spirochetes transstadially and transmitted infection as nymphs. D. variabilis larvae were intermediate in susceptibility but generally did not maintain the infection transstadially. A. americanum larvae were completely refractory to infection with these 2 southern B. burgdorferi strains. Three isolates from Michigan D. variabilis were inoculated into mice, subsequently exposed to I. scapularis and D. variabilis larvae. Larval I. scapularis were 5-fold more susceptible to infection with these strains than were larval D. variabilis. Although nymphal I. scapularis efficiently transmitted a Michigan isolate, nymphal D. variabilis did not. In all these experiments, I. scapularis was the only species that proved to be vector competent for B. burgdorferi. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 451 EP 456 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA XK080 UT WOS:A1997XK08000012 PM 9220680 ER PT J AU Chapman, NM Romero, JR Pallansch, MA Tracy, S AF Chapman, NM Romero, JR Pallansch, MA Tracy, S TI Sites other than nucleotide 234 determine cardiovirulence in natural isolates of coxsackievirus B3 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE coxsackievirus B3; virulence; 5' non-translated region ID INFECTIOUS CDNA COPY; POLIOVIRUS TYPE-2; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RNA; MYOCARDITIS; REGION; MICE; NEUROVIRULENCE; TRANSLATION; GENOME AB The genetic site(s) that naturally determine the cardiovirulence phenotype of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) have yet to be mapped. Using two closely related CVB3 strains that differed in terms of cardiovirulence phenotype in mice, we previously reported the difference in phenotype mapped to a single site, nucleotide 234 (nt234) in the 5' non-translated region (NTR) of the CVB3 genome. When nt234 was C, the virus was attenuated and when U, the virus was cardiovirulent. To determine whether this finding was applicable to other strains of CVB3, we examined 13 different naturally occurring CVB3 strains isolated in different years in the United States. We determined that only two isolates induced severe inflammatory heart muscle disease in C3H/ HeJ male mice. Using PCR products as sequencing templates, we determined the 5' NTR sequence from each viral genome. Alignment of these sequences and other published CVB3 5' NTR sequences suggests as many as four separate lineages, with commonly used laboratory strains clustering closely in one branch. An examination of the sequences showed that regardless of cardiovirulence phenotype, nt234 was invariably uridine. Thus, the previously reported cytidine at nt234 is most likely the result of a rare mutation and is not a naturally occurring variation and other sites must account for the variance in virulence seen in natural isolates of CVB3. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,OMAHA,NE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ENTEROVIRUS DIAGNOST LAB,ATLANTA,GA. RP Chapman, NM (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 52 IS 3 BP 258 EP 261 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA XG228 UT WOS:A1997XG22800004 PM 9210033 ER PT J AU Buckley, TJ Prah, JD Ashley, D Zweidinger, RA Wallace, LA AF Buckley, TJ Prah, JD Ashley, D Zweidinger, RA Wallace, LA TI Body burden measurements and models to assess inhalation exposure to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HUMAN BLOOD; BREATH; PHARMACOKINETICS; CHEMICALS AB Biomarkers of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) exposure and the partitioning of inhaled MTBE into the body were investigated in a human chamber study. Two subjects were exposed to an environmentally relevant nominal 5,011 mu g/m(3) (1.39 ppm) MTBE for 1 hour, followed by clean-air exposure for 7 hours. Breath and blood were simultaneously sampled, while total urine was collected at prescribed times before, during, and after the exposure. Mass-balance and toxicokinetic analyses were conducted based upon the time series measurement of multiple body-burden endpoints, including MTBE in alveolar breath, and MTBE and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) in venous blood and urine. The decay of MTBE in the blood was assessed by fitting the post-exposure data to a 2- or 3-exponential model that yielded residence times (tau) of 2-3 min, 15-50 min, and 3-13 h as measured by alveolar breath, and 5 min, 60 min, and 32 h as evaluated from venous blood measurements. Based on observations of lower than expected blood and breath MTBE during uptake and a decreasing blood-to-breath ratio during the post-exposure decay period, we hypothesize that the respiratory mucous membranes were serving as a reservoir for the retention of MTBE. The decay data suggest that 6-9% of the MTBE intake may be retained by this non-blood reservoir. The compartmental modeling was further used to estimate important parameters that define the uptake of inhaled MTBE. The first of these parameters is f, the fraction of C-air exhaled at equilibrium, estimated as 0.60 and 0.46 for the female and male subject, respectively The second parameter is the blood-to-breath partition coefficient (P) estimated as similar to 18. The product of these parameters provides an estimate of the blood concentration at equilibrium as 8-11 times the air concentration. Blood TEA lagged MTBE levels and decayed more slowly (tau = 1.5-3 h), providing a more stable indication of longer term integrated exposure. The concentration ranges of MTBE and TEA in urine were similar to that of the blood, ranging from 0.37 to 15 mu g/L and 2 to 15 mu g/L, respectively. In urine, MTBE and TEA by themselves bore little relationship to the exposure. However, the MTBE:TBA ratio followed the pattern of exposure, with peak values occurring at the end of the exposure (20- and 60-fold greater than pre-exposure values) before decaying back to preexposure levels by the end of the 7-h decay period. Urinary elimination accounted for a very small fraction of total MTBE elimination (<1%). C1 US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,AIR EXPOSURE RES DIV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,NATL HLTH & ENVIRONM EFFECTS RES LAB,HUMAN STUDIES DIV,CHAPEL HILL,NC. CDC,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MANTECH ENVIRONM TECHNOL INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 43 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 47 IS 7 BP 739 EP 752 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XL428 UT WOS:A1997XL42800003 PM 9248366 ER PT J AU Ernst, ND Obarzanek, E Clark, MB Briefel, RR Brown, CD Donato, K AF Ernst, ND Obarzanek, E Clark, MB Briefel, RR Brown, CD Donato, K TI Cardiovascular health risks related to overweight SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reducing Dietary Fat - Putting Theory into Practice CY SEP 10-11, 1996 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Amer Hlth Fdn, NCI, Amer Heart Assoc, NHLBI, Amer Soc Prevent Cardiol ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; ADULTS AB Cross-sectional surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, including in-home interviews and clinical examinations, were employed to examine trends in consumption of energy and fat, prevalence of overweight in the population, the association of overweight with levels of blood pressure and blood cholesterol, and the prevalence of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol among the overweight compared with the nonoverweight. Data from participants 20 years of age and older are reported. Study results suggest that total mean energy intake, although generally accepted to be underreported in dietary surveys, may have increased. Total fat and saturated fat intake as a percent of energy decreased, but remained above recommended levels. Overweight has increased in the population, despite decreases in the prevalence of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol levels. Increased levels of overweight, reported as body mass index, are associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. These data suggest the need for health care practitioners to emphasize the requirement for energy balance (or weight loss if overweight, ie, not at a ''healthy weight''). A focus on fat intake alone without emphasis on energy balance is inadequate for achieving and maintaining recommended weight. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Ernst, ND (reprint author), NHLBI,DIV EPIDEMIOL & CLIN APPLICAT,OFF DIRECTOR,ROCKLEDGE CTR 2,ROOM 8112,MSC 7938,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 97 IS 7 SU 1 BP S47 EP S51 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00729-3 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XJ371 UT WOS:A1997XJ37100007 PM 9216567 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Secular trends in stroke mortality in African Americans: The role of urbanization, diabetes and obesity SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE blacks; cerebrovascular disorders; geography; risk factors ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MELLITUS; BLACK AB The decline in stroke mortality rates in African Americans has slowed to that seen in the 1960s; rates remain higher than in European Americans. Rates are higher in the southeastern US and in nonmetropolitan areas. Adverse trends and patterns in diabetes, obesity, and heart disease prevalence are possible explanations. Unless new, effective prevention programs are introduced in African American communities, stroke mortality rates will decline slowly if at all. The best chance to increase the rate of decline in stroke mortality rates in African Americans may be to redouble efforts to achieve the goals for the year 2000. Community and patient education on improving diet, increasing exercise, further improving detection and control of hypertension, using aspirin in stroke prevention and active control of stroke risk factors in diabetics must be stressed. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ROOM 730,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 16 IS 4 BP 180 EP 184 DI 10.1159/000109685 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA XQ449 UT WOS:A1997XQ44900003 PM 9267834 ER PT J AU Plankey, MW Stevens, J Flegal, KM Rust, PF AF Plankey, MW Stevens, J Flegal, KM Rust, PF TI Prediction equations do not eliminate systematic error in self-reported body mass index SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE body mass index; measurement error; bias; accuracy; validity ID WEIGHT; HEIGHT; ACCURACY; POPULATION AB Epidemiological studies of the risks of obesity often use body mass index (BMI) calculated from self-reported height and weight, The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of reporting error associated with self-reported values of BMI and to evaluate the extent to which linear regression models predict measured BMI from self-reported data and whether these models could compensate for this reporting error, We examined measured and self-reported weight and height on 5079 adults aged 30 years to 64 years from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Measured and self-reported BMI (kg/m(2)) was calculated, multiple linear regression techniques were used to predict measured BMI from self-reported BMI, The error in self-reported BMI (self-reported BMI minus measured BMI) was not constant but varied systematically with BMI. The correlation between measured BMI and the error in self-reported BMI was -0.37 for men and -0.38 for women, The pattern of reporting error was only weakly associated with self-reported BMI, with the correlation being 0.05 for men and -0.001 for women, Error in predicted BMI (predicted BMI minus measured BMI) also varied systematically with measured BMI, but less consistently with self-reported BMI, More complex models only slightly improved the ability to BMI alone, None of the equations were able to eliminate the systematic reporting error in determining measured BMI values from self-reported data, The characteristic pattern of error associated with self-reported BMI is difficult or impossible to correct by the use of linear regression models. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT NUTR,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOL,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 15 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA YF633 UT WOS:A1997YF63300002 PM 9285836 ER PT J AU ElamEvans, LD Adams, MM Delaney, KM Wilson, HG Rochat, RW McCarthy, BJ AF ElamEvans, LD Adams, MM Delaney, KM Wilson, HG Rochat, RW McCarthy, BJ TI Patterns of prenatal care initiation in Georgia, 1980-1992 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALIDATION; RECORDS AB Objective: To determine whether characteristics in a woman's first pregnancy were associated with the trimester in which she initiated prenatal care in her second pregnancy. Methods: Data for white and black women whose first and second pregnancies resulted in singleton live births between 1980 and 1992 were obtained from Georgia birth certificates (n = 177,041). Adjusted relative risks (RRs) for early prenatal care in the second pregnancy were computed by logistic regression models that included trimester of prenatal care initiation, infant outcomes, or maternal conditions in the woman's first pregnancy as the exposure and controlled for maternal age, education, child's year of birth, interval between first and second pregnancy, presence of father's name on the birth certificate, and the interaction between prenatal care and education. Models were stratified by race. Results: Women of both races who initiated prenatal care in the first trimester of their first pregnancies were more likely than those with delayed care to initiate prenatal care in the first trimester of their second pregnancies (RR = 1.25 and 1.63 for white and black women educated beyond high school, respectively). Both white and black women who delivered a baby with very low birth weight (RR = 1.06 and 1.15, respectively) or who suffered an infant death (RR 1.09 and 1.31, respectively) in their first pregnancies were more likely than those who did not experience these events to begin prenatal care in the first trimester of their second pregnancies. Conclusion: Women with some potentially preventable adverse infant outcomes tend to obtain earlier care in their next pregnancy. Unfortunately, women who delayed prenatal care in their first pregnancy frequently delay prenatal care in their next. RP ElamEvans, LD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00138-5 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XG769 UT WOS:A1997XG76900016 PM 9207817 ER PT J AU Cordell, RL Thor, PM Theurer, J Lichterman, R Ziliak, SR Juranek, DD Davis, JP AF Cordell, RL Thor, PM Theurer, J Lichterman, R Ziliak, SR Juranek, DD Davis, JP TI Impact of a massive waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreak on child care facilities in metropolitan Milwaukee, Wisconsin SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE child care centers; cryptosporidiosis; public health ID INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; CENTERS; ILLNESS AB Objective. We describe the impact of the 1993 waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreak on metropolitan Milwaukee child care homes and centers. Methods. Information on outbreak-related illness and changes in policies and practices was collected from directors of 117 facilities. Stool specimens from 129 diapered children from 11 centers were screened for Cryptosporidium. Results. Most (74%) facility directors reported children or staff with diarrhea during the outbreak; however, only 4 (3.4%) facilities closed because of illness among staff or children. During the outbreak child care homes were less likely to exclude children with diarrhea than were child care centers. Among diapered children attending centers the Cryptosporidium prevalence was 30%; 29% of infected children had no history of diarrhea associated with the Milwaukee outbreak. Conclusions. Facilities continued to operate during the outbreak despite considerable illness among children and staff. The news media were effective means for providing public health information to child care facilities. Although secondary transmission undoubtedly took place in child care facilities, the presence of children with asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections did not result in an increased risk of diarrhea in infant and toddler rooms. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MILWAUKEE CITY HLTH DEPT,MILWAUKEE,WI. CUDAHY HLTH DEPT,CUDAHY,WI. GREENFIELD HLTH DEPT,GREENFIELD,WI. W ALLIS HLTH DEPT,W ALLIS,WI. WAUWATOSA HLTH DEPT,WAUWATOSA,WI. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. RP Cordell, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL STUDIES ACTIV,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS A07,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 16 IS 7 BP 639 EP 644 DI 10.1097/00006454-199707000-00003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA XK756 UT WOS:A1997XK75600002 PM 9239765 ER PT J AU Askew, GL Finelli, L Hutton, M Laraque, F Porterfield, D Shilkret, K Valway, SE Onorato, I Spitalny, K AF Askew, GL Finelli, L Hutton, M Laraque, F Porterfield, D Shilkret, K Valway, SE Onorato, I Spitalny, K TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission from a pediatrician to patients SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; pediatrician; screening ID OUTBREAK; CHILDREN; INFECTION AB The following report describes the contact investigation of a pediatrician with tuberculosis (TB). The pediatrician's disease was discovered in late February 1993 after tuberculin skin testing (TST) of his 15-month-old son was positive (13-mm induration). Further investigation to identify the source of the child's infection revealed a positive (15-mm induration) TST in the pediatrician. The pediatrician had been symptomatic with a cough since September 1992. The pediatrician had a chest radiograph that revealed numerous cavitary lesions and a sputum smear that was positive for acid-fast bacilli. An investigation was initiated to assess whether the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis had occurred in the pediatrician's office to patients, families, or other visitors. The investigation was later extended to include the hospitals and the day care center where the pediatrician worked. Methods. A letter was mailed to parents of children served by the practice, explaining the potential exposure to TB and requesting that all persons who visited the office after September 1, 1992 complete an interview and Mantoux TST. Mass interviewing, testing, and test interpretation within the practice took place seven times during March and April 1993. Results. At the completion of screening, 181 (87%) of 208 children who had close contact with the index case were reliably skin-tested and returned for interpretation. Three (1.7%) of the 181 children were TST-positive (greater than or equal to 5 mm). Thirty-seven (13%) of the 286 adults tested and returning for interpretations were TST-positive (greater than or equal to 10 mm). Thirty-two (86%) of the 37 adults who tested positive were foreign-born. Conclusion. This investigation highlighted the need for identifying childhood TB infection as a sentinel event for adult disease. It also demonstrated the difficulty associated with deciding the extent of contact investigation of a health care worker with TB. Finally, the investigation emphasized the importance of maintaining regularly scheduled and appropriate testing for TB infection in health care workers and the need for health care workers to be cognizant of their own risk and be able to identify, especially in themselves, signs and symptoms of potential TB disease. C1 NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Askew, GL (reprint author), BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON MED CTR,DIV GEN PEDIAT,1 BOSTON MED CTR PL MATERN 422,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1542/peds.100.1.19 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XJ181 UT WOS:A1997XJ18100003 PM 9200355 ER PT J AU Berlin, CM MayMcCarver, DG Notterman, DA Ward, RM Weismann, DN Wilson, GS Wilson, JT Bennett, DR Hoskins, IA Kaufman, P Mithani, S Mulinare, J Troendle, G March, J Yaffe, SJ Szefler, SJ Cote, CJ Karl, HW AF Berlin, CM MayMcCarver, DG Notterman, DA Ward, RM Weismann, DN Wilson, GS Wilson, JT Bennett, DR Hoskins, IA Kaufman, P Mithani, S Mulinare, J Troendle, G March, J Yaffe, SJ Szefler, SJ Cote, CJ Karl, HW TI Alternative routes of drug administration - Advantages and disadvantages (subject review) SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID TRANSMUCOSAL FENTANYL CITRATE; LIDOCAINE-PRILOCAINE CREAM; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS EMLA; TRANSDERMAL FENTANYL; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; NASAL CAVITY; PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION; INTRANASAL MIDAZOLAM AB During the past 20 years, advances in drug formulations and innovative routes of administration have been made. Our understanding of drug transport across tissues has increased. These changes have often resulted in improved patient adherence to the therapeutic regimen and pharmacologic response. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes offers the advantage of being relatively painless.(1,2) Also, the potential for greater flexibility in a variety of clinical situations exists, often precluding the need to establish intravenous access, which is a particular benefit for children. This statement focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of alternative routes of drug administration. Issues of particular importance in the care of pediatric patients, especially factors that could lead to drug-related toxicity or adverse responses, are emphasized. C1 AMER MED ASSOC,US PHARMACOPEIA,CHICAGO,IL 60610. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. PHARMACEUT RES & MANUFACTURERS ASSOC AMER,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. AMER ACAD CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIAT,WASHINGTON,DC. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 160 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP 143 EP 152 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XJ181 UT WOS:A1997XJ18100035 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Griffin, PM Lozano, P Christie, DL Kobayashi, JM Tarr, PI AF Bell, BP Griffin, PM Lozano, P Christie, DL Kobayashi, JM Tarr, PI TI Predictors of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children during a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; antimotility agents; Escherichia coli O157:H7; kidney failure; leukocytosis ID O157-H7 INFECTIONS; WASHINGTON-STATE; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDHOOD; ENTERITIS AB Objective. To evaluate risk factors for progression of Escherichia coli O157:H Study Design. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 278 Washington State children <16 years old who developed symptomatic culture-confirmed E coli O157:H7 infection during a large 1993 outbreak. The purpose of the study was to determine the relative risk (RR) of developing HUS according to demographic characteristics, symptoms, laboratory test results, and medication use in the first 3 days of illness. Results. Thirty-seven (14%) children developed HUS. In univariate analysis, no associations were observed between HUS risk and any demographic characteristic, the presence of bloody diarrhea or of fever, or medication use. In multivariate analysis, HUS risk was associated with, in the first 3 days of illness, use of antimotility agents (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-7.5) and among children <5.5 years old, vomiting (OR = 4.2; 95% CI 1.4-12.7). Among the 128 children tested, those whose white blood cell (WBC) count was 13 000/mu L in the first 3 days of illness had a 7-fold increased risk of developing HUS (RR 7.2; 95% CI 2.8-18.5). Thirteen (38%) of the 34 patients with a WBC count 13 000/mu L developed HUS, but only 5 (5%) of the 94 children whose initial WBC count was <13 000/mu L progressed to HUS. Among children who did not develop HUS, use of antimotility agents in the first 3 days of illness was associated with longer duration of bloody diarrhea. Conclusions. prospective studies are needed to further evaluate measures to prevent the progression of E coli O157:H7 infection to HUS and to assess further clinical and laboratory risk factors. These data argue against the use of antimotility agents in acute childhood diarrhea. Our finding that no intervention decreased HUS risk underscores the importance of preventing E coli O157:H7 infections. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR, DIV GASTROENTEROL & NUTR, SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, ATLANTA, GA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, DEPT MICROBIOL, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 26 TC 95 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP art. no. EP e12 DI 10.1542/peds.100.1.e12 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XJ181 UT WOS:A1997XJ18100029 PM 9200386 ER PT J AU Cohen, J Reddington, C Jacobs, D Meade, R Picard, D Singleton, K Smith, D Caldwell, B DeMaria, A Hsu, HW Stechenberg, B McIntosh, K Pelton, S Tobin, S Pasternack, M Meissner, C Sullivan, J AF Cohen, J Reddington, C Jacobs, D Meade, R Picard, D Singleton, K Smith, D Caldwell, B DeMaria, A Hsu, HW Stechenberg, B McIntosh, K Pelton, S Tobin, S Pasternack, M Meissner, C Sullivan, J TI School-related issues among HIV-infected children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; school issues; confidentiality ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AGE-CHILDREN; AIDS AB Objective. Many children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are surviving long enough to reach school age. This study describes issues related to school attendance and disclosure of HIV infection in a population of HIV-infected children. Methods. A statewide pediatric HIV surveillance system was used to collect data on school-age (5 years old) HIV-infected children. In addition, HIV clinic nurses familiar with the child's history participated in a cross-sectional survey that collected information on school-related issues during the 1993-1994 school year. Results. Of the 92 school-age children, only 3 were too ill to attend school. Another 5 children were home-schooled. Of the 84 who attended school outside the home, 25% had severe symptoms of HIV infection (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] clinical category C). Absence from school ranged from less than 2 weeks during the year for half of the children (51%) to more than 8 weeks for 9 children (12%). Twenty-nine percent of the children received medication in school, usually administered by the school nurse. Over two thirds of the 50 children ages 5 to 10 years had not been told that they had HIV infection. Only 1 of the 20 children more than 10 years of age was not aware of her HIV infection. For 53% of the children attending school, no school personnel had been informed of the child's HIV infection. Administration of HIV medications at school, age of child, and treatment at one particular HIV clinic were associated with the parents' decision to inform school personnel. In the 47% of cases where the school had been informed, school nurses were most frequently notified, followed by principals and teachers. Conclusion. Only 3% of school-age children were too ill to attend school, and almost all were enrolled in public schools. The number of HIV-infected children reaching school age will continue to grow, and public schools will bear the responsibility for educating these children. Health care providers will increasingly be called upon for guidance by both educators and families to assure that HIV-infected children receive the best education possible. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. BOSTON CITY HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. GREATER LAWRENCE FAMILY HLTH CTR, LAWRENCE, MA USA. BAYSTATE MED CTR, SPRINGFIELD, MA USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, MED CTR, WORCESTER, MA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. RP Cohen, J (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH, STATE LAB INST, 305 SOUTH ST, 5TH FLOOR, JAMAICA PLAIN, MA 02130 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP art. no. EP e8 DI 10.1542/peds.100.1.e8 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XJ181 UT WOS:A1997XJ18100025 PM 9200382 ER PT J AU Wright, R Johnson, D Neumann, M Ksiazek, TG Rollin, P Keech, RV Bonthius, DJ Hitchon, P Grose, CF Bell, WE Bale, JF AF Wright, R Johnson, D Neumann, M Ksiazek, TG Rollin, P Keech, RV Bonthius, DJ Hitchon, P Grose, CF Bell, WE Bale, JF TI Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus syndrome: A disease that mimics congenital toxoplasmosis or cytomegalovirus infection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE congenital infection; arenavirus; lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus; cytomegalovirus; toxoplasmosis ID NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SIMPLEX AB Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics of intrauterine infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, an uncommonly recognized cause of congenital viral infection. Patients. Three infants born in the midwestern United States in 1994 and 1995 with clinical features and serologic studies consistent with congenital LCM virus infection and cases of congenital infection identified by review of the medical literature between 1955 and 1996. Results. Twenty-six infants with serologically confirmed congenital LCM virus infection were identified. Twenty-two infants were products of term gestations, and birth weights ranged from 2384 to 4400 g (median, 3520 g). Ocular abnormalities, macrocephaly, or microcephaly were the most commonly identified neonatal features. Twenty-one infants (88%) had chorioretinopathy, 10 (43%) had macrocephaly (head circumference >90th percentile) at birth, and 3 (13%) were microcephalic (head circumference <10th percentile). Macrocephaly and hydrocephalus developed postnatally in one of the latter infants. Hydrocephalus or intracranial calcifications were documented in five infants by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Nine infants (35%) died, and 10 (63%) of the 16 reported survivors had severe neurologic sequelae, consisting of spastic quadriparesis, seizures, visual loss, or mental retardation. One-half of the mothers reported illnesses compatible with LCM virus infection, and 25% reported exposures to rodents during their pregnancies. Conclusions. These cases suggest that congenital LCM virus infection could be an underrecognized cause of congenital infection among infants born in the United States. Because of the clinical similarities of these congenital infections, cases of congenital LCM virus infection can be confused with infections with cytomegalovirus or Toxoplasma gondii. C1 UNIV IOWA, COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. UNIV IOWA, COLL MED, DEPT NEUROL, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. UNIV IOWA, COLL MED, DEPT OPHTHALMOL, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. UNIV IOWA, COLL MED, DEPT NEUROSURG, IOWA CITY, IA USA. UNIV CHICAGO, DEPT PEDIAT, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, NCID DVRD, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 25 TC 49 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1997 VL 100 IS 1 BP art. no. EP e9 DI 10.1542/peds.100.1.e9 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XJ181 UT WOS:A1997XJ18100026 PM 9200383 ER PT J AU Hall, HI May, DS Lew, RA Koh, HK Nadel, M AF Hall, HI May, DS Lew, RA Koh, HK Nadel, M TI Sun protection behaviors of the US white population SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE skin neoplasms; knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; sunburn; sun screening agents ID NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; SUNSCREEN USE; EXPOSURE; MELANOMA; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; RISK AB Background. Sun protection behaviors are recommended to prevent skin cancer, which has increased in incidence. This study measured the prevalence of sun protection behaviors and determined personal characteristics associated with them. Methods. Data from 10,048 white respondents to the 1992 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplement were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to relate personal characteristics to specific behaviors. Results. Fifty-three percent of respondents reported they were ''very likely'' to use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, or seek shade if they were outside on a sunny day for more than 1 hr. Proportions for the individual behaviors were 32, 28, and 30%, respectively. Compared with people who do not burn, those reporting severe sunburn after 1 hr of sun exposure reported more use of sunscreens (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 2.9), shade (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.5, 2.1), and protective clothing (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.9, 2.7). Other factors associated with practicing protection behaviors included a personal history of skin cancer, older age, and female sex. Conclusions. A large percentage of white U.S. adults did not protect themselves from sun exposure. Additional education of the general public and persons at higher risk for skin cancer is needed. C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCCDPHP,DCPC,MAILSTOP K-55,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 26 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 401 EP 407 DI 10.1006/pmed.1997.0168 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA XM420 UT WOS:A1997XM42000001 PM 9245656 ER PT J AU Zephier, EM Ballew, C Mokdad, A Mendlein, J Smith, C Yeh, JL Lee, E Welty, TK Howard, B AF Zephier, EM Ballew, C Mokdad, A Mendlein, J Smith, C Yeh, JL Lee, E Welty, TK Howard, B TI Intake of nutrients related to cardiovascular disease risk among three groups of American Indians: The Strong Heart Dietary Study SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diet; American Indian; nutrient intake; cardiovascular disease risk factors ID PIMA-INDIANS; ALASKA NATIVES; PATTERNS; DETERMINANTS; PREVALENCE AB Background Although diet is implicated in the elevated rate of cardiovascular disease among some American Indian tribes, the dietary intakes of these individuals have not been described. The Strong Heart Dietary Study compared diets of 10 tribes in Arizona, Oklahoma, and the Dakotas to examine the possible contribution of diet to cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Methods. During 1988-1991, 892 people responded to a 24-hr diet recall questionnaire. Nutrient intake by study area, sex, and age group were compared by analysis of variance, and intakes were compared with nutrient intakes reported by participants in Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and with dietary recommendations of the National Research Council, the American Heart Association, and the Healthy People 2000 objectives. Results. The intake of energy and nutrients varied significantly by sex and age. Men consumed more energy, macronutrients, and sodium than did women (P less than or equal to 0.001). Women's diets were denser in carbohydrate, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E than were men's diets (P less than or equal to 0.001). Younger participants consumed more energy, macronutrients, vitamin E, and sodium than did older participants (P less than or equal to 0.001). Older participants had diets denser in protein and beta-carotene than did younger participants (P less than or equal to 0.001). Energy intake did not differ significantly by study area, but men in Arizona consumed more energy from carbohydrate and less energy from total fat than did men elsewhere (P less than or equal to 0.01). Men and women in Arizona consumed more cholesterol and fiber than did other participants (P less than or equal to 0.01) and less of the antioxidant vitamins (P less than or equal to 0.01). Participants in the Strong Heart Diet Study reported diets higher in fats and cholesterol than did participants in Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Few Strong Heart participants achieved dietary recommendations for the reduction of risk of chronic disease. Conclusions. Area differences in nutrient intake were observed, but most participants consumed diets associated with increased risk of heart disease and other chronic diseases. Women and older participants in general reported healthier nutrient intakes. Dietary intervention programs should educate American Indians about dietary modifications to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and other nutrition-related disorders. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL,IRVINE,CA 92717. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,COLL PUBL HLTH,CTR EPIDEMIOL RES,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. ABERDEEN AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,RAPID CITY,SD 57709. MEDLANT RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. RP Zephier, EM (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV,ABERDEEN AREA OFF,115 4TH AVE SE,ABERDEEN,SD 57401, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 26 IS 4 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.1006/pmed.1997.0164 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA XM420 UT WOS:A1997XM42000019 PM 9245673 ER PT J AU Oakley, GP AF Oakley, GP TI Doubling the number of women consuming vitamin supplement pills containing folic acid: An urgently needed birth defect prevention complement to the folic acid fortification of cereal grains SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Symposium Festschrift for Robert L Brent CY APR 08, 1996 CL THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV, JEFFERSON MED COLL, PHILADELPHIA, PA HO THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV, JEFFERSON MED COLL DE birth defects; folic acid; vitamin supplements; food fortification; prevention ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RISK AB The major known environmental causes of birth defects are ancient agents that have been in the environment for centuries but have been only recently discovered-rubella, alcohol, and folic acid deficiency, In the United States, we have made great progress in preventing congenital rubella syndrome, We also have a great opportunity to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly (SEA) by increasing the number of women who daily consume vitamin supplements containing folic acid. Even with the recently announced grain fortification regulations, there are 45 million women unprotected from an SEA-affected pregnancy, This article suggests that a substantial educational campaign could, over a 5-year period, double the number of women consuming folic acid supplement pills and make a substantial contribution toward preventing SEA. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. RP Oakley, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 11 IS 4 BP 579 EP 581 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(97)89176-9 PG 3 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA XH028 UT WOS:A1997XH02800013 PM 9241678 ER PT J AU Mast, EE Goodman, RA AF Mast, EE Goodman, RA TI Prevention of infectious disease transmission in sports SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TINEA-CORPORIS-GLADIATORUM; HIGH-SCHOOL; HERPES-GLADIATORUM; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; TRICHOPHYTON-TONSURANS; HIV-1 INFECTION; OUTBREAK; WRESTLERS; EPIDEMIC AB A variety of infectious diseases can be transmitted during competitive sports. Modes of transmission in athletic settings include person-to-person contact, common-source exposures and airborne/droplet spread. This paper reviews the most commonly reported infectious diseases among athletes and discusses the potential for transmission of bloodborne diseases in sports. Guidelines are provided regarding measures to prevent transmission of infectious diseases in athletic settings, including hygiene and infection control practices, vaccination, and education of officials, coaches, trainers and sports participants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Mast, EE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.2165/00007256-199724010-00001 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA XM999 UT WOS:A1997XM99900001 PM 9257406 ER PT J AU Erickson, JD AF Erickson, JD TI Introduction: Birth defects surveillance in the United States SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Erickson, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 4 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XY794 UT WOS:A1997XY79400001 PM 9329161 ER PT J AU Edmonds, LD AF Edmonds, LD TI Birth defect surveillance at the state and local level SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Edmonds, LD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199707/08)56:1/2<5::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-X PG 3 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XY794 UT WOS:A1997XY79400002 PM 9329162 ER PT J AU Harris, JA James, L AF Harris, JA James, L TI State-by-state cost of birth defects - 1992 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Harris, JA (reprint author), CALIF STATE DEPT HLTH & MARCH DIMES,CALIF BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199707/08)56:1/2<11::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XY794 UT WOS:A1997XY79400004 PM 9329163 ER PT J AU Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Prevention of neural tube defects SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Mulinare, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199707/08)56:1/2<17::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XY794 UT WOS:A1997XY79400005 PM 9329164 ER PT J AU Cragan, JD Roberts, HE Edmonds, LD Khoury, MJ Kirby, RS Shaw, GM Velie, EM Merz, RD Forrester, MB Williamson, RA Krishnamurti, DS Stevenson, RE Dean, JH AF Cragan, JD Roberts, HE Edmonds, LD Khoury, MJ Kirby, RS Shaw, GM Velie, EM Merz, RD Forrester, MB Williamson, RA Krishnamurti, DS Stevenson, RE Dean, JH TI Surveillance for anencephaly and spina bifida and the impact of prenatal diagnosis - United States, 1985-1994 (Reprinted from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, vol 44, pg 1-13) SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN AB Problem/Condition: The reported prevalence of anencephaly and spina bifida in the United States has steadily declined since the late 1960s. During this time, the ability to diagnose these defects prenatally has progressed rapidly. Many U.S. birth defects surveillance systems ascertain defects only among live-born infants or among infants and fetuses beyond a certain gestational age, thus excluding defects among pregnancies prenatally diagnosed as being affected by a neural tube defect (NTD) and electively terminated before the gestational age limit. The impact of prenatal diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy termination on the reported prevalence of anencephaly and spina bifida in the United States has not been well established. However, assessment of this impact is crucial to the use of surveillance data to monitor trends in the occurrence of NTDs and the effectiveness of interventions for these defects (e.g., increased consumption of folic acid). Reporting Period: This report presents data from birth defects surveillance systems in six slates over different time periods: Arkansas, 1985-1989; California, 1989-1991; Georgia, 1990-1991; Hawaii, 1988-1994; Iowa, 1985-1990; and South Carolina, 1992-1993. Description of Systems: Population-based data about a) live-born and stillborn infants with anencephaly and spins bifida and b) pregnancies electively terminated after prenatal diagnosis of these defects were analyzed from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System; the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program; CDC's Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program; the Iowa Birth Defects Registry, the University of Iowa, and the Iowa Department of Public Health; and the Greenwood Genetic Center in South Carolina. Data also were analyzed from the Hawaii Birth Defects Monitoring Program, which includes data for some women who were not residents of the state. The systems differed in the size and racial/ethnic composition of the populations studied, the surveillance methods used, the completeness of ascertainment, and the availability and utilization of prenatal testing and pregnancy termination. Results and Interpretation: Among all pregnancies ascertained in which the infant or fetus had anencephaly or spina bifida, the percentages that were electively terminated ranged from 9% in Arkansas to 42% in Atlanta and Hawaii, with a corresponding increase in the adjusted prevalence of these defects compared with the prevalence at birth. In each system, pregnancies associated with anencephaly were terminated more frequently than were those associated with spina bifida. These data indicate that the impact of prenatal diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy termination on the prevalence at birth of anencephaly and spina bifida differs among geographic areas and populations. Comprehensive surveillance for these defects requires inclusion of pregnancies that are prenatally diagnosed and then terminated. Actions Taken: CDC will use these data to promote the inclusion of prenatally diagnosed and terminated pregnancies in estimates of the prevalence of anencephaly and spina bifida generated by birth defects surveillance programs in the United States. Including such pregnancies is crucial to the ability of these programs to monitor trends accurately and to establish the effectiveness of interventions, including the use of folic acid, for these defects. C1 ARKANSAS REPRODUCT HLTH MONITORING SYST,LITTLE ROCK,AR. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. IOWA BIRTH DEFECTS REGISTRY,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. GREENWOOD GENET CTR,GREENWOOD,SC 29646. CALIF BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,EMERYVILLE,CA. HAWAII BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,HONOLULU,HI. RP Cragan, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XY794 UT WOS:A1997XY79400008 ER PT J AU Wey, HE Richards, D Tirmenstein, MA Mathias, PI Toraason, M AF Wey, HE Richards, D Tirmenstein, MA Mathias, PI Toraason, M TI The role of intracellular calcium in antimony-induced toxicity in cultured cardiac myocytes SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Toxicol ID VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; HEAVY-METALS; METABOLIC INHIBITION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SULFHYDRYL-GROUPS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; HEART-FAILURE AB Trivalent antimony, delivered as potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT), has been previously shown to induce an oxidative stress and toxicity in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. The present study investigates the effect of PAT on intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+](i)), which has been implicated in the toxicity of agents inducing oxidative stress, and explores its role in PAT toxicity. Exposure to 50 or 200 mu M PAT led to progressive elevation in diastolic or resting [Ca2+](i) and eventually a complete loss of [Ca2+](i) transients that occurred well before cell death as assessed by LDH release. Prior loading of myocytes with the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA (10 to 40 mu M), protected against PAT toxicity in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium, and demonstrated a crucial role for [Ca2+](i) in PAT toxicity. Exposure to 200 mu M PAT in the absence of extracellular calcium slightly elevated [Ca2+](i), but only to levels comparable to resting [Ca2+](i) for cells in 1.8 mM extracellular calcium. This demonstrated that although PAT toxicity was dependent on [Ca2+](i), a large increase above resting levels was not needed, and also that some calcium was mobilized from intracellular stores. However, the caffeine-releasable pool of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium was increased, not depleted, by exposure to 200 mu M PAT. These results demonstrate that PAT disrupts [Ca2+](i) handling and support a role for a calcium-dependent event, but do not support the necessity of events in PAT-induced cell death that are mediated by a large elevation in [Ca2+](i). (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Wey, HE (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EXPT TOXICOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 145 IS 1 BP 202 EP 210 DI 10.1006/taap.1997.8175 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XL859 UT WOS:A1997XL85900021 PM 9221838 ER PT J AU Bajani, MD Tomori, O Rollin, PE Harry, TO Bukbuk, ND Wilson, L Childs, JE Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG AF Bajani, MD Tomori, O Rollin, PE Harry, TO Bukbuk, ND Wilson, L Childs, JE Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG TI A survey for antibodies to Lassa virus among health workers in Nigeria SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Lassa fever; seroprevalence; health workers; Nigeria ID MARCH-APRIL 1972; WEST AFRICA; HOSPITAL EPIDEMIC; FEVER; DISEASE; INFECTION; LIBERIA; ZORZOR AB A study was conducted among 552 health workers at 6 health facilities in Nigeria. Lassa virus immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody was detected in 12.3%, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody prevalence in the 6 health centres ranged from 1.2% to 27.3%. Prevalences were higher in primary and secondary health facilities than in tertiary centres. Seroprevalences ranged from 1.7% to 23.7% among different occupational groups of health workers; the highest observed antibody prevalence was among ward aids. Lassa virus IgM antibody, indicating recent infection, was present in 6 of the health workers, 5 of whom were ward aids and one was a nurse. All of the health workers with specific IgM came from a single facility in Lafia, sampled during an outbreak of Lassa fever. C1 UNIV IBADAN,DEPT VIROL,IBADAN,NIGERIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL BRANCH,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MAIDUGURI TEACHING HOSP,DEPT IMMUNOL,MAIDUGURI,NIGERIA. RP Bajani, MD (reprint author), UNIV MAIDUGURI,DEPT PATHOL,COLL MED,MAIDUGURI,NIGERIA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 91 IS 4 BP 379 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90247-9 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XU339 UT WOS:A1997XU33900007 PM 9373625 ER PT J AU Newell, E Vyungimana, F Geerts, S VanKerckhoven, I Tsang, VCW Engels, D AF Newell, E Vyungimana, F Geerts, S VanKerckhoven, I Tsang, VCW Engels, D TI Prevalence of cysticercosis in epileptics and members of their families in Burundi SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE taeniasis; cysticercosis; Taenia solium; epilepsy; Burundi ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; ANTIGENS AB In the province of Bururi in Burundi, 103 epileptics and 72 control subjects from the same households were examined for cysticercosis. Antigen was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 4.9% of epileptic persons and in 4.2% of controls. Antibody was detected by enzyme-linked electroimmunotransfer blot assay (EITB) in 11.7% of epileptics and in 2.8% of controls. Neither difference was statistically significant, nor was a history of taeniasis significantly more frequent in epileptics than in controls. However, cysticercosis was significantly more frequently diagnosed by EITB in people with a history of taeniasis than in those without such a history. The prevalence of taeniasis in schoolchildren ranged between 0 and 1.0%. Meat inspection detected cysticercosis in 2% and 39% of pigs in 2 localities, respectively. C1 LUTTE CONTRE MALAD TRANSMISSIBLES & CARENTIELL,BUJUMBURA,BURUNDI. INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 91 IS 4 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90251-0 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XU339 UT WOS:A1997XU33900010 PM 9373628 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A AF Hadgu, A TI Bias in the evaluation of DNA-amplification tests for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; REACTION ASSAY; INFECTION; EFFICACY; URINE; WOMEN AB The purpose of this paper is to show that the sensitivity and specificity estimates obtained by 'discrepant analysis' are biased. Discrepant analysis is a widely used technique that attempts to provide estimates of sensitivity and specificity in the presence of an imperfect gold standard. Many researchers have applied this technique to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of DNA-amplification tests for Chlamydia trachomatis such as the plasmid based ligase chain reaction (LCR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Moreover, the June 1993 package insert of the PCR AMPLICOR Chlamydia trachomatis test contains estimates of sensitivity and specificity based on 'discrepant analysis'. Even if one employs a perfect test to resolve the discrepant results, discrepant analysis estimates of test sensitivity and specificity remain biased. Thus, one should not adopt this technique to evaluate the performance of a diagnostic test. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E63,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 30 PY 1997 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1391 EP 1399 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19970630)16:12<1391::AID-SIM636>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA XH512 UT WOS:A1997XH51200006 PM 9232760 ER PT J AU Coleman, JL Gebbia, JA Piesman, J Degen, JL Bugge, TH Benach, JL AF Coleman, JL Gebbia, JA Piesman, J Degen, JL Bugge, TH Benach, JL TI Plasminogen is required for efficient dissemination of B-burgdorferi in ticks and for enhancement of spirochetemia in mice SO CELL LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; OUTER SURFACE-PROTEIN; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; IXODES-DAMMINI; HUMAN-PLASMA; ACTIVATOR; UROKINASE; BLOOD; TRANSMISSION; SYSTEM AB The role of the host plasminogen activation system in transmission of and invasion by Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-borne spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, was investigated using plasminogen (Plg)-knockout mice. PLG was not detected in spirochetes from unfed ticks, but binding occurred as ticks fed on the host's blood. Plasminogen activators were derived from the host blood meal. PLG was required for efficient dissemination of B. burgdorferi within the tick and for enhancement of spirochetemia in mice but was not critical for transmission and infection. These results provide evidence for a bacterium using a vertebrate protease to disseminate in an invertebrate vector and underscores the interplay among vector, pathogen, and host in promoting the life cycle and disease. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. CHILDRENS HOSP RES FDN,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Coleman, JL (reprint author), SUNY STONY BROOK,HLTH SCI CTR,NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,STONY BROOK,NY 11794, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 47826]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 27044]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR 40445] NR 52 TC 242 Z9 249 U1 1 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD JUN 27 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1111 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80298-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XG830 UT WOS:A1997XG83000015 PM 9215633 ER PT J AU Kioski, C Cage, G Johnson, B Rosales, C England, B Halpin, TJ AF Kioski, C Cage, G Johnson, B Rosales, C England, B Halpin, TJ TI Transmission of nosocomial Legionnaires disease (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 416-421, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,DIV PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. CDC,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Kioski, C (reprint author), ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 25 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 24 BP 1927 EP 1928 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF087 UT WOS:A1997XF08700020 ER PT J AU Vitek, CR Redd, SC Redd, SB Hadler, SC AF Vitek, CR Redd, SC Redd, SB Hadler, SC TI Trends in importation of measles to the United States, 1986-1994 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID REPORTING EFFICIENCY AB Objectives.-To describe patterns among imported measles cases to the United States. Design.-Descriptive analysis of national case-based surveillance data on measles cases. Setting.-United States in the period 1986 through 1994. Patients.-All reported confirmed cases of measles. Main Outcome Measures.-Demographic variables, immunization history, country of exposure, and reporting state. Results.-The number of reported imported cases of measles to the United States has dropped from an average of 99 cases annually in 1986 through 1988 and 190 cases in 1989 through 1991 to 61 cases in 1992 through 1994. Since 1990, the number of imported cases originating in Latin America declined by 98%, despite continued increase in the number of travelers to this region; cases from other regions remained relatively constant. This decrease paralleled the rapid decrease in measles incidence in the Western Hemisphere associated with national measles elimination programs. Most imported cases occurred among children, although 22% of cases occurred among young adults. Rates of measles cases per 1 million travelers are higher among non-US citizens than among US citizens. Conclusions.-The sharp decline in importations into the United States from Latin America since 1991 provides evidence of the success of measles control efforts undertaken there. The decrease in imported cases has been associated with a decline in total measles cases in the United States. Sustained elimination of measles in the United States will require improved measles control in other countries in addition to a high level of population immunity. RP Vitek, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,MAILSTOP E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 25 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 24 BP 1952 EP 1956 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF087 UT WOS:A1997XF08700040 PM 9200636 ER PT J AU McChesney, MB Miller, CJ Rota, PA Zhu, YD Antipa, L Lerche, NW Ahmed, R Bellini, WJ AF McChesney, MB Miller, CJ Rota, PA Zhu, YD Antipa, L Lerche, NW Ahmed, R Bellini, WJ TI Experimental measles .1. Pathogenesis in the normal and the immunized host SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; CELLS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; DESTRUCTION; SUPPRESSION; INFECTION; GENES; CD46 AB An animal model to study measles pathogenesis and the correlates of protective immunity was established using rhesus monkeys. A measles isolate, obtained during an epidemic of measles in the primate colony at the University of California, Davis, was passaged through rhesus monkeys and amplified in rhesus mononuclear cells to create a pathogenic virus stock. Sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin genes of this isolate revealed strong homology with the Chicago 89 strain of measles virus. Conjunctival/intranasal inoculation of juvenile rhesus monkeys with this virus resulted in skin rash, pneumonia, and systemic infection with dissemination to other mucosal sites and to the lymphoid tissues. inflammation and necrosis occurred in the lungs and lymphoid tissues and many cell types were infected with measles virus on Day 7 postinoculation (p.i.). The most commonly infected cell type was the a lymphocyte in lymphoid follicles. Measles antigen was found in follicular dendritic cells on Day 14 p.i. In contrast to naive monkeys infected with measles virus, animals vaccinated with the attenuated Moraten strain did not develop clinical or pathologic signs of measles after challenge. However, moderate to marked hyperplasia occurred in the lymph nodes and spleen of a vaccinated animal on Day 7 after pathogenic virus challenge, suggesting that an effective measles vaccine limits but does not prevent infection with wild-type measles virus. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MEASLES VIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,EMORY VACCINE CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP McChesney, MB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI35167] NR 23 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 23 PY 1997 VL 233 IS 1 BP 74 EP 84 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8576 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA XH362 UT WOS:A1997XH36200007 PM 9201218 ER PT J AU Zhu, YD Heath, J Collins, J Greene, T Antipa, L Rota, P Bellini, W McChesney, M AF Zhu, YD Heath, J Collins, J Greene, T Antipa, L Rota, P Bellini, W McChesney, M TI Experimental measles .2. Infection and immunity in the rhesus macaque SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL CLONES; VIRUS; VACCINATION; ANTIBODY; NUCLEOPROTEIN; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; MONKEYS; STRAINS; HOST AB Measles infection and the host immune response to measles virus were compared using naive and immunized rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were experimentally challenged with a wild-type strain of measles virus inoculated intranasally. After pathogenic virus challenge, measles Virus was detected in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood, lymph node, and spleen in naive monkeys and viremia peaked on Day 7. However, only one of five vaccinated monkeys had a low Virus titer in peripheral blood mononuclear cells at one time point after challenge. No virus was detected in the lymphoid tissues from an immunized monkey that was euthanized on Day 7 of infection. Measles-specific IgM, IgG, neutralizing antibody, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected in Vaccinated monkeys before challenge, but antibody titers were significantly lower in immunized monkeys than in naive monkeys after challenge. Measles-specific IgG antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses were still detected more than 1 year after vaccination or infection. This animal model is useful for the further study of measles pathogenesis, immunosuppression, and immunologic memory. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MEASLES VIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI35167] NR 44 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 23 PY 1997 VL 233 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1006/viro.1997.8575 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA XH362 UT WOS:A1997XH36200008 PM 9229928 ER PT J AU Landi, MT Needham, LL Lucier, G Mocarelli, P Bertazzi, PA Caporaso, N AF Landi, MT Needham, LL Lucier, G Mocarelli, P Bertazzi, PA Caporaso, N TI Concentrations of dioxin 20 years after Seveso SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV MILAN,DESIO HOSP,MILAN,ITALY. UNIV MILAN,EPOCA,MILAN,ITALY. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI,GENET EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017 OI bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449 NR 4 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 21 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9068 BP 1811 EP 1811 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)24025-0 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF735 UT WOS:A1997XF73500014 PM 9269218 ER PT J AU Salvatore, M Morzunov, S Schwemmle, M Lipkin, WI Bunney, WE Cotman, CW Even, C Hatalski, CG Potkin, SG Portlance, ML Nichol, ST Tourtelloutte, WW Riederer, P terMeulen, V AF Salvatore, M Morzunov, S Schwemmle, M Lipkin, WI Bunney, WE Cotman, CW Even, C Hatalski, CG Potkin, SG Portlance, ML Nichol, ST Tourtelloutte, WW Riederer, P terMeulen, V TI Borna disease virus in brains of North American and European people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT ANAT & NEUROBIOL,IRVINE,CA 92697. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT MICROBIOL & MOL GENET,IRVINE,CA 92697. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT PSYCHIAT & HUMAN BEHAV,IRVINE,CA 92697. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. W LOS ANGELES VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,NATL NEUROL RES SPECIMEN BANK,LOS ANGELES,CA 90073. UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV WURZBURG,DEPT PSYCHIAT,D-8700 WURZBURG,GERMANY. UNIV WURZBURG,INST VIROL & IMMUNBIOL,D-8700 WURZBURG,GERMANY. RP Salvatore, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT NEUROL,IRVINE,CA 92697, USA. RI Potkin, Steven/A-2021-2013; salvatore, mirella/K-6691-2016 OI salvatore, mirella/0000-0002-8296-0376 NR 5 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 21 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9068 BP 1813 EP 1814 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)61693-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XF735 UT WOS:A1997XF73500017 PM 9269221 ER PT J AU Jacquette, G Guido, F Jacobs, J Smith, P Alder, D AF Jacquette, G Guido, F Jacobs, J Smith, P Alder, D TI Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis - United States, 1997 - Update (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 461-462, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. US FDA,OFF REGULATORY AFFAIRS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 18 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 23 BP 1838 EP 1838 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD544 UT WOS:A1997XD54400007 ER PT J AU Kogevinas, M Becher, H Benn, T Bertazzi, PA Boffetta, P BuenodeMesquita, HB Coggon, D Colin, D FleschJanys, D Fingerhut, M Green, L Kauppinen, T Littorin, M Lynge, E Mathews, JD Neuberger, M Pearce, N Saracci, R AF Kogevinas, M Becher, H Benn, T Bertazzi, PA Boffetta, P BuenodeMesquita, HB Coggon, D Colin, D FleschJanys, D Fingerhut, M Green, L Kauppinen, T Littorin, M Lynge, E Mathews, JD Neuberger, M Pearce, N Saracci, R TI Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins - An expanded and updated international cohort study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorophenols; cohort studies; dioxins; herbicides; mortality; neoplasms; occupational exposure; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ID SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; OPERATION RANCH HAND; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; BREAST-CANCER; BLOOD-LEVELS; NEW-ZEALAND; HALF-LIFE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; RISK AB The authors examined cancer mortality in a historical cohort study of 21,863 male and female workers in 36 cohorts exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins in 12 countries. Subjects in this updated and expanded multinational study coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer were followed from 1939 to 1992. Exposure was reconstructed using job records, company exposure questionnaires, and serum and adipose tissue dioxin levels. Among workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or higher chlorinated dioxins, mortality from soft-tissue sarcoma (6 deaths; standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-4.43) was higher than expected from national mortality rates. Mortality from all malignant neoplasms (710 deaths; SMR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (24 deaths; SMR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.89-2.06), and lung cancer (225 deaths; SMR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.98-1.28) was slightly elevated. Risks for all neoplasms, for sarcomas, and for lymphomas increased with time since first exposure. In workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides with minimal or no contamination by TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins, mortality from all neoplasms (398 deaths; SMR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (9 deaths; SMR = 1.00), and lung cancer (148 deaths; SMR = 1.03) was similar to that expected, and mortality from soft-tissue sarcoma was slightly elevated (2 deaths; SMR = 1.35). In a Poisson regression analysis, workers exposed to TCDD or higher chlorinated dioxins had an increased risk for all neoplasms (rate ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 0.94-1.76) compared with workers from the same cohort exposed to phenoxy herbicides and chlorophenols but with minimal or no exposure to TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins. These findings indicate that exposure to herbicides contaminated with TCDD and higher chlorinated dioxins may be associated with a small increase in overall cancer risk and in risk for specific cancers. C1 INT AGCY RES CANC,UNIV ENVIRONM CANC EPIDEMIOL,F-69372 LYON,FRANCE. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,DIV EPIDEMIOL,D-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. HLTH & SAFETY EXECUT,EPIDEMIOL & MED STAT UNIT,BOOTLE,ENGLAND. UNIV MILAN,INST OCCUPAT HLTH,MILAN,ITALY. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DEPT CHRON DIS & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,NL-3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. MRC,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL UNIT,SOUTHAMPTON,HANTS,ENGLAND. MED CTR CHEM WORKERS HLTH,HAMBURG,GERMANY. NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. ONTARIO HYDRO,DEPT HLTH SERV,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HELSINKI,FINLAND. LUND UNIV,DEPT OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,LUND,SWEDEN. DANISH CANC SOC,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. MENZIES SCH HLTH RES,CASUARINA,NT,AUSTRALIA. UNIV VIENNA,DEPT PREVENT MED,VIENNA,AUSTRIA. WELLINGTON SCH MED,DEPT MED,WELLINGTON,NEW ZEALAND. CNR,PISA,ITALY. RP Kogevinas, M (reprint author), INST MUNICIPAL INVEST MED,RESP & ENVIRONM HLTH RES UNIT,C DOCTOR AIGUADER 80,E-08003 BARCELONA,SPAIN. RI Kogevinas, Manolis/C-3918-2017; bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017; OI bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; Mathews, John/0000-0001-9029-7140 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-95276] NR 54 TC 212 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 14 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 12 BP 1061 EP 1075 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG008 UT WOS:A1997XG00800001 PM 9199536 ER PT J AU Pflieger, AK Khan, AS AF Pflieger, AK Khan, AS TI Hantaviruses: Four years after four corners SO HOSPITAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; DISEASE AB Hantavirus polmonary syndrome is an acute, often fatal, febrile illness causing rapid pulmonary failure and cardiovascular instability. Since first described in 1993, considerable progess has been made in identifying the hantaviruses responsible for the disease and in defining its epidemiologic and diagnostic features. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIS ASSESSMENT SECT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 8750-2836 J9 HOSP PRACT JI Hosp. Pract. PD JUN 15 PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 93 EP & PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XE193 UT WOS:A1997XE19300011 PM 9194804 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ST Shapiro, CN AF Goldstein, ST Shapiro, CN TI A recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against malaria SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Goldstein, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 12 PY 1997 VL 336 IS 24 BP 1760 EP 1760 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD543 UT WOS:A1997XD54300025 PM 9182223 ER PT J AU Douglas, JM Hoxworth, T Rogers, J Iatesta, M Rhodes, F Malotte, CK Bolan, GA Kent, C Zenilman, J Lenz, A AF Douglas, JM Hoxworth, T Rogers, J Iatesta, M Rhodes, F Malotte, CK Bolan, GA Kent, C Zenilman, J Lenz, A TI Contraceptive practices before and after an intervention promoting condom use to prevent HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases among women - Selected US sites, 1993-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 373-377, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,TRENTON,NJ. CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH,LONG BEACH DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,LONG BEACH,CA 90840. SAN FRANCISCO HLTH DEPT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. BALTIMORE CTY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. CDC,BEHAV INTERVENT & RES BRANCH,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,PREVENT SERV RES BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Douglas, JM (reprint author), DENVER DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 11 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 22 BP 1752 EP 1753 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XC499 UT WOS:A1997XC49900011 ER PT J AU Watson, B Goodnow, K Levenson, R Todd, R Nelson, D Banghart, D AF Watson, B Goodnow, K Levenson, R Todd, R Nelson, D Banghart, D TI Varicella-related deaths among adults - United States, 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 409-412, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEVADA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,STATE HLTH DIV,CARSON CITY,NV. CDC,CHILD VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Watson, B (reprint author), CITY PHILADELPHIA DEPT PUBL HLTH,PHILADELPHIA,PA, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 11 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 22 BP 1754 EP 1755 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XC499 UT WOS:A1997XC49900013 ER PT J AU Louisirirotchanakul, S Bobkov, A Shaffer, N Mastro, TD Wasi, C Weber, J CheingsongPopov, R AF Louisirirotchanakul, S Bobkov, A Shaffer, N Mastro, TD Wasi, C Weber, J CheingsongPopov, R TI Sequence analysis of an HIV type 1 env subtype E isolate from Thailand with discordant V3-loop serotyping SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; BANGKOK; BINDING C1 UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,DEPT GENITOURINARY MED & COMMUNICABLE DIS,LONDON W2 1NY,ENGLAND. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DIV VIROL,DEPT MICROBIOL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. FU Wellcome Trust NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 9 BP 807 EP 809 DI 10.1089/aid.1997.13.807 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA XC324 UT WOS:A1997XC32400011 PM 9171226 ER PT J AU Critchfield, JW Coligan, JE Folks, TM Butera, ST AF Critchfield, JW Coligan, JE Folks, TM Butera, ST TI Casein kinase II is a selective target of HIV-1 transcriptional inhibitors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; VPU-PROTEIN; P-PROTEIN; PHOSPHORYLATION SITES; PHOSPHOPROTEIN-P; IDENTIFICATION; TAT; ACTIVATION; DOMAIN; CELLS AB The identification of cellular factors that are required to complete various steps of the HIV-1 life cycle may lead to the development of new therapeutics. One key step, transcription from the integrated provirus, is inhibited by members of two distinct classes of compounds, the flavonoids and the benzothiophenes, via an unknown mechanism, possibly involving a cellular factor, A marked specificity toward inhibiting HIV-1 transcription is evidenced by the ability of drug-treated cells to retain their proliferative and differentiation capabilities, In addition, the compounds do not impede the activation and function of the transcriptional factor NF-kappa B. Here we report on the identification of several cellular proteins that mediate the HIV-1 transcriptional inhibitory property of the flavonoid chrysin, Chemical and immunologic analyses identified these cellular proteins as the individual subunits of casein kinase II (CKII), Though structurally unrelated to chrysin, an HIV-1 inhibitory benzothiophene also bound selectively to CKII, Both chrysin and the benzothiophenes inhibited human recombinant CKII enzymatic activity and showed competitive kinetics with respect to ATP, analogous to the classic CKII inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), Moreover, DRB potently inhibited HIV-1 expression in chronically infected cells, CKII may regulate HIV-1 transcription by phosphorylating cellular proteins involved in HIV-1 transactivation that contain multiple CKII phosphorylation consensus sequences. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, TB LAB RES, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, MOL STRUCT LAB, NATL INST HLTH, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 112 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 10 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 12 BP 6110 EP 6115 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.12.6110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA XD844 UT WOS:A1997XD84400027 PM 9177178 ER PT J AU Snow, RW Omumbo, JA Lowe, B Molyneux, CS Obiero, JO Palmer, A Weber, MW Pinder, M Nahlen, B Obonyo, C Newbold, C Gupta, S Marsh, K AF Snow, RW Omumbo, JA Lowe, B Molyneux, CS Obiero, JO Palmer, A Weber, MW Pinder, M Nahlen, B Obonyo, C Newbold, C Gupta, S Marsh, K TI Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID INDICATORS; MORTALITY AB Background Malaria remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Africa; Many approaches to malaria control involve reducing the chances of infection but little is known of the relations between parasite exposure and the development of effective clinical immunity so the longterm effect of suck approaches to control on the pattern and frequency of malaria cannot be predicted. Methods We have prospectively recorded paediatric admissions with severe malaria over three to five years from five discrete communities in The Gambia and Kenya, Demographic analysis of the communities exposed to disease risk allowed the estimation of age-specific rates for severe malaria. Within each community the exposure to Plasmodium falciparum infection was determined through repeated parasitological and serological surveys among children and infants,We used acute respiratory-tract infections (ARI) as a comparison. Findings 3556 malaria admissions were recorded for the five sites. Marked differences were observed in age, clinical spectrum and rates of severe malaria between the five sites, Paradoxically, the risks of severe disease in childhood were lowest among populations with the highest transmission intensities, and the highest disease risks were observed among populations exposed to low-to-moderate intensities of transmission. For severe malaria, for example, admission rates (per 1000 per year) for children up to their 10th birthday were estimated as 3.9, 25.8, 25.9, 16.7 and 18.0 in the five communities; the forces of infection estimated for those communities (new infections per infant per month) were 0.001, 0.034, 0.050, 0.093, and 0.176, respectively. Similar trends were noted for cerebral malaria and for severe malaria anaemia but not for ARI. Mean age of disease decreased with increasing transmission intensity. Interpretation We propose that a critical determinant of life-time disease risk is the ability to develop clinical immunity early in life during a period when other protective mechanisms may operate. In highly endemic areas measures which reduce parasite transmission,and thus immunity, may lead to a change in both the clinical spectrum of severe disease and the overall burden of severe malaria morbidity. C1 UNIV OXFORD,JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,NUFFIELD DEPT CLIN MED,MOL PARASITOL GRP,INST MOL MED,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,COASTAL UNIT,KILIFI,KENYA. ROYAL VICTORIA HOSP,DEPT PAEDIAT,BANJUL,GAMBIA. MRC,FAJARA,GAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,KENYA MED RES INST,COLLABORAT PROGRAMME,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV OXFORD,WELLCOME CTR EPIDEMIOL INFECT DIS,DEPT ZOOL,OXFORD OX1 2JD,ENGLAND. RP Snow, RW (reprint author), KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,WELLCOME TRUST COLLABORAT PROGRAMME,POB 43640,NAIROBI,KENYA. OI Newbold, Chris/0000-0002-9274-3789 FU Wellcome Trust NR 29 TC 432 Z9 434 U1 2 U2 44 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 7 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9066 BP 1650 EP 1654 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02038-2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XD100 UT WOS:A1997XD10000008 PM 9186382 ER PT J AU Li, J Gutell, RR Damberger, SH Wirtz, RA Kissinger, JC Rogers, MJ Sattabongkot, J McCutchan, TF AF Li, J Gutell, RR Damberger, SH Wirtz, RA Kissinger, JC Rogers, MJ Sattabongkot, J McCutchan, TF TI Regulation and trafficking of three distinct 18 S ribosomal RNAs during development of the malaria parasite SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE small subunit (SSU) rRNA; ribosome; development; malaria; translational control ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GENES; 16S; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTITATION; MUTATIONS AB The human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax has been shown to regulate the transcription of two distinct 18 RNAs during development. Here we show a third and distinctive type of ribosome that is present shortly after zygote formation, a transcriptional pattern of ribosome types that relates closely to the developmental state of the parasite and a phenomenon that separates ribosomal types at a critical phase of maturation. The A-type ribosome is predominantly found in infected erythrocytes of the vertebrate and the mosquito blood meal. Transcripts from the A gene are replaced by transcripts from another locus, the O gene, shortly after fertilization and increase in number as the parasite develops on the mosquito midgut. Transcripts from another locus, the S gene, begins as the oocyst form of the parasite matures. RNA transcripts from the S gene are preferentially included in sporozoites that bud off from the oocyst and migrate to the salivary gland while the O gene transcripts are left within the oocyst. Although all three genes are typically eukaryotic in structure, the O gene transcript, described here, varies from the other two in core regions of the rRNA that are involved in mRNA decoding and translational termination. We now can correlate developmental progression of the parasite with changes in regions of rRNA sequence that are broadly conserved, where sequence alterations have been related to function in other systems and whose effects can be studied outside of Plasm odium. This should allow assessment of the role of translational control in parasite development. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 NIAID,GROWTH & DEV SECT,PARASIT DIS LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT MCD BIOL,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,BOULDER,CO 80309. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. USA,MED COMPONENT,DEPT ENTOMOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RI Kissinger, Jessica/E-9610-2010 OI Kissinger, Jessica/0000-0002-6413-1101 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM048207, GM48207] NR 33 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUN 6 PY 1997 VL 269 IS 2 BP 203 EP 213 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1038 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA XC851 UT WOS:A1997XC85100004 PM 9191065 ER PT J AU McDonald, S Cox, D Allen, R Staggs, W Bixler, D AF McDonald, S Cox, D Allen, R Staggs, W Bixler, D TI Respiratory diphtheria caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans - Terre Haute, Indiana, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 330-332, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,CHILD VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP McDonald, S (reprint author), INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 21 BP 1665 EP 1666 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XB088 UT WOS:A1997XB08800008 ER PT J AU Zambon, M Hay, A Schild, G Wood, J Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Guo, Y AF Zambon, M Hay, A Schild, G Wood, J Gust, I Hampson, A Nerome, K Guo, Y TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, 1996-97 season, and composition of the 1997-98 influenza vaccine (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 325-330, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,S MIMMS,HERTS,ENGLAND. COMMONWEALTH SERUM LABS,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. NATL INST HLTH,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. NATL CTR PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. WHO,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Zambon, M (reprint author), CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 21 BP 1666 EP 1667 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XB088 UT WOS:A1997XB08800009 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV AF Tauxe, RV TI Does organic gardening foster foodborne pathogens? Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 4 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 21 BP 1680 EP 1680 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XB088 UT WOS:A1997XB08800020 ER PT J AU Rogers, MF AF Rogers, MF TI Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in women and children in the USA SO ACTA PAEDIATRICA LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES AB In the USA, the AIDS epidemic has shown dramatic increases among women and children in the past decade with more than 70 000 cases in women and 7000 cases in children reported. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the seventh leading cause of death in children aged 1-4 years and the fourth leading cause of death among women aged 25-44 years. Data from the National Survey of Childbearing Women, a blinded serosurvey of blood specimens left over from routine metabolic screening of most infants born in the USA, indicate that approximately 7000 HIV infected women have given birth each year for the past several years. Human immunodeficiency virus infection disproportionately affects African-Americans and women of Hispanic ethnicity. Most cases in women and children have come from states along the east coast and large urban areas. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) continues to be the most commonly reported opportunistic infection in children with AIDS. As of 31 December, 1995, 2383 cases of PCP had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revised guidelines for PCP prophylaxis published in 1995 will hopefully provide a better means for preventing this deadly infection in children with AIDS. In 1994, a clinical trial (ACTG 076) found that the risk of perinatal transmission could be reduced by two-thirds with the use of a zidovudine regimen given antenatally, during labor and delivery, acid postnatally to the infant. The US Public Health Service published guidelines based on these results, recommending voluntary HIV counseling and testing for all pregnant women in the USA and zidovudine therapy for those women found to be HIV-infected. Since implementation of these guidelines, cases of perinatally acquired AIDS in children have begun to decrease. Adequate resources for provision of care, outreach to women who do not receive prenatal care, training of healthcare personnel and attention to the many social and psychological needs of HIV-infected women and their children are key factors for further reduction of HIV infection in children. RP Rogers, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, MAILSTOP E45, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0803-5253 EI 1651-2227 J9 ACTA PAEDIATR JI Acta Paediatr. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 86 SU 421 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XM859 UT WOS:A1997XM85900003 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI HIV counseling and testing: Its evolving role in HIV prevention SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; PHYSICIANS; CLIENTS AB The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening blood for antibodies to HN was a major milestone in the history of AIDS prevention and treatment. Since early 1985, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided public funds to state and local health departments to support a national HIV counseling-and-testing (HIV CT) program directed toward persons at risk of transmitting or becoming infected with HIV. The implementation and ongoing development of this national program has often been marked by intense policy debate, especially in the area of mandatory testing. Furthermore, the lessons learned during its 11-year program history are highly relevant to understanding the challenges that might arise when implementing other new biomedical or behavioral HIV prevention technologies. Using the construct of public health infrastructure, this article describes key features, events, lessons learned, and future challenges of this evolving national prevention program. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD MS E07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 SU B BP 2 EP 13 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM481 UT WOS:A1997XM48100002 PM 9241394 ER PT J AU Kassler, WJ AF Kassler, WJ TI Advances in HIV testing technology and their potential impact on prevention SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SUICIDAL IDEATION; INFECTION; HOME; RATES AB Recent advances in HIV testing technology are increasing options for HIV testing which may lead to more persons at risk for HIV infection learning their serostatus. These advances include the development of simple rapid assays with visual reading, several of which can be used with whole blood (including finger stick) or with non-invasive alternative specimens like oral fluids or urine. Many of these new tests are simple enough to be used in nonclinical settings by public health workers or by consumers in the home. For some of these developments, such as rapid testing, enough is now known to recommend their use within specific clinical contexts. For other developments, such as home sample collection, understanding their true impact must wait for postmarketing evaluation. For technologies currently in development, such as true home testing, we are only beginning to understand and address the issues. We, as clinicians and public health practitioners who are interested in prevention, must begin to deal with the issues. We must identify important policy questions, develop a research agenda to begin to answer these questions, and devise strategies to maximize the opportunities for HN prevention and minimize the potential for harm. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HLTH SERV RES & EVALUAT BRANCH,DIV STD PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 SU B BP 27 EP 40 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM481 UT WOS:A1997XM48100004 PM 9241396 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ MacGowan, RJ Higgins, DL Jorgensen, CM AF Wolitski, RJ MacGowan, RJ Higgins, DL Jorgensen, CM TI The effects of HIV counseling and testing on risk-related practices and help-seeking behavior SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HOMOSEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CONDOM USE; GAY MEN; REPRODUCTIVE DECISIONS; WOMEN; IMPACT; SEROSTATUS AB In an earlier review of the behavioral effects of HIV counseling and testing (HIV CTI), Higgins and colleagues (1991) found that the evidence regarding the ability of HIV CT to influence HIV-risk related practices was largely inconclusive. This article reviews 35 domestic and international studies published since that time to reassess the scientific data regarding the ability of HIV CT to motivate changes in risk-related practices and to promote help-seeking behavior. The studies identified for this review were grouped into four categories according to subject population: (1) men who have sex with men, (2) injection and other drug users, (3) women and heterosexual couples, and (4) mixed samples recruited from sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and other settings. Findings from the studies reviewed were generally mixed-many provided at least some evidence supporting the ability of HIV CT to motivate risk-reducing and help-seeking behavior, but others did not. The pattern of results varied substantially across, and within, study populations and were often limited by considerable methodological weaknesses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BEHAV INTERVENT RES BRANCH,DIV HIV & AIDS PREVENT INTERVENT RES & SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 44 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 SU B BP 52 EP 67 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM481 UT WOS:A1997XM48100006 PM 9241398 ER PT J AU West, GR Stark, KA AF West, GR Stark, KA TI Partner notification for HIV prevention: A critical reexamination SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; INFECTION; RISK; EXPERIENCE; SYPHILIS; DISEASES; NETWORKS AB The history, current role, and potential enhanced functions of HIV partner notification are reviewed. What is known about the effectiveness of partner notification is summarized and five general findings are reported: (1) many, if not most, HIV-infected individuals will cooperate in notifying at least some of their sex partners of exposure to HIV; (2) sex partners are generally, receptive to being notified and will seek HIV testing; (3) patient referral is probably not as effective as provider referral in reaching sex partners; (4) sex partners often are unaware of or misunderstand their HIV risks; and (5) sex partners frequently have high rates of HIV infection. Means for enhancing partner notification are reviewed, including social network interventions, coupling partner notification with behavioral interventions, reaching persons earlier in their HIV infection, using data collected from partner notification as a source of program evaluation information, and addressing important community concerns about partner notification. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT INTERVENT RES & SUPPORT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 SU B BP 68 EP 78 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM481 UT WOS:A1997XM48100007 PM 9241399 ER PT J AU Weber, JT Frey, RL Horsley, R Gwinn, ML AF Weber, JT Frey, RL Horsley, R Gwinn, ML TI Publicly funded HIV counseling and testing in the United States, 1992-1995 SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Data are collected and reported through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Counseling and Testing System (CTS) on episodes of publicly funded counseling and HIV testing in the United States. The objective of this analysis is to describe testing data reported from 1992 through 1995. In 1992, 2,689,056 tests were performed, and 55,024 (2.0%) were positive; in 1995, 2,491,434 tests were performed, of which 40,605 (1.6%) were positive. Among tests reported with client-level data, the proportion of tests of men and women at higher risk for HN infection remained stable or declined; the proportion of tests of persons who had been previously tested increased each year; and in 1995, the proportion of tests that included posttest counseling was 86% for anonymous and 70% for confidential tests. Although information collected through CTS could be improved by changing the system so that individuals could be distinguished from testing episodes, the CTS does provide important monitoring information to local and state health departments. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,STAT & DATA MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Weber, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREVENT SERV RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 SU B BP 79 EP 91 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM481 UT WOS:A1997XM48100008 PM 9241400 ER PT J AU Campbell, CH Marum, ME AlwanoEdyegu, MG Dillon, BA Moore, M Gumisiriza, E AF Campbell, CH Marum, ME AlwanoEdyegu, MG Dillon, BA Moore, M Gumisiriza, E TI The role of HIV counseling and testing in the developing world SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DISCORDANT COUPLES; CONDOM USE; RISK; IMPACT; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; KNOWLEDGE AB The role of voluntary HIV counseling and testing is still under debate, especially in the developing world. HIV counseling-and-testing (HIV CT) services are a major component of HIV and AIDS control programs in the industrialized world and are increasingly being advocated in the developing world. In the United States, voluntary HN CT has been a major component of HIV prevention efforts since the HIV antibody test became available in 1985. Yet even in the United States. questions about the management, cost, and effectiveness of voluntary HIV CT services continue to be raised. Because HIV CT has multiple goals, the evaluation of its effectiveness is a complicated task. Worldwide, a broad range of ethical, social, policy, technical, and economic issues encompass this HIV prevention activity. This article identifies the substantial barriers and serious concerns that are raised about HIV CT services and attempts to highlight the potential advantages of providing HIV CT as part of a developing country's comprehensive HIV prevention strategy. C1 AIDS INFORMAT CTR,KAMPALA,UGANDA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 SU B BP 92 EP 104 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XM481 UT WOS:A1997XM48100009 PM 9241401 ER PT J AU MacGowan, RJ Fichtner, RR Swanson, N Collier, C Kroliczak, A Cole, G AF MacGowan, RJ Fichtner, RR Swanson, N Collier, C Kroliczak, A Cole, G TI Factors associated with client-reported HIV infection among clients entering methadone treatment SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY OCT 24-28, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Med Care Sect, NIMH ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; RISK REDUCTION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; AIDS; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; PARTNERS AB To determine demographic and behavioral factors associated with client-reported HIV infection among new enrollees in methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in Massachusetts and Connecticut, we examined ethnographic data and interview data from MMTP clients (N = 674). Clients responded to questions about behaviors in the 30 days before drug treatment. ETHNOGRAPH was used to analyze qualitative data, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with client-reported HIV infection. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. The client-reported HIV infection rate was 20% (132/674). Odds ratios for factors associated with client-reported HIV infection were being white (0.53), increase in age (1.07), use of non-injected heroin (0.12), use of injected heroin (6.24), cocaine injection (1.78), sharing of ''works'' with strangers (2.15), and ''safer sex'' behavior (4.04). Additionally, 35% of those who did not use any illicit drugs reported being seropositive. The qualitative data suggested HIV positive clients were concerned about protecting sex partners, and learning of HIV infection motivated some to stop using drugs. Although some clients engaged in low-risk behaviors, others did not, and therefore the potential for HIV transmission among injection drug users (IDUs) in Connecticut and Massachusetts exists. HIV prevention and drug treatment program personnel should reinforce and build on the low-risk behaviors that are acceptable and adopted by some in this population. C1 PROVIDENCE HOSP,HOLYOKE,MA. GALLUP ORG INC,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP MacGowan, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 3 BP 205 EP 217 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XK431 UT WOS:A1997XK43100001 PM 9241388 ER PT J AU Piacitelli, GM Whelan, EA Sieber, WK Gerwel, B AF Piacitelli, GM Whelan, EA Sieber, WK Gerwel, B TI Elevated lead contamination in homes of construction workers SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE construction workers; lead exposure; paraoccupational exposure; surface lead contamination ID HOUSE-DUST; CHILDREN AB National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health investigators studied lead exposures among 37 families of construction workers, 22 neighborhood families with no known lead exposures were included for comparison. Workers were identified as having blood lead levels at or above 25 mu g/dl. This article reports the levels of lead contamination on hands and interior surfaces of homes and automobiles of study participants. Results indicate that the hands of lead-exposed workers were seven times more contaminated with lead compared with control workers; no difference was found between exposed and control family members' hands. Surface lead contamination was significantly higher in automobiles driven by the lead-exposed workers; some locations, such as armrests, were 10 times more contaminated for the exposed group. High lead loadings in lead workers' automobiles were found on the driver's floor (geometric mean [GM]=1100 mu g/m(2)), drive's armrest (2000 mu g/m(2)),and passenger's armrest (1200 mu g/m(2)). Surface lead concentrations were significantly higher for exposed homes compared with control homes in,oems where work clothing was changed (GM=370 versus 120 ppm; p = 0.005). While environmental sources of lead were also evaluated, study results strongly suggest that construction workers' occupational exposures together with poor hygiene practices were the primary causes of lead contamination. Requirements intended to prevent ''take-home'' lead exposures were reported by workers in this study to be infrequently followed by employers. These findings may be limited in representativeness since only highly exposed workers were selected from a specific geographic area. Regardless targeted education and enforcement efforts are necessary to help ensure that preventive measures are adequately practiced throughout the construction industry. C1 NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP Piacitelli, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLOMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 58 IS 6 BP 447 EP 454 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC800 UT WOS:A1997XC80000014 PM 9183839 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program (February 28, 1997) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 58 IS 6 BP 455 EP 456 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC800 UT WOS:A1997XC80000015 ER PT J AU Oakley, GP AF Oakley, GP TI Let's increase folic acid fortification and include vitamin B-12 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; COBALAMIN RP Oakley, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1889 EP 1890 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XB663 UT WOS:A1997XB66300027 PM 9174489 ER PT J AU Chong, Y Brett, K Carroll, M Maurer, K Troiano, R AF Chong, Y Brett, K Carroll, M Maurer, K Troiano, R TI Correlates of postmenopausal hormone use in the United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600004 ER PT J AU Yoon, PW Merz, R Forrester, M Edmonds, L AF Yoon, PW Merz, R Forrester, M Edmonds, L TI The effect of maternal race on oral clefts in Hawaii. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600009 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Selwyn, BJ Loe, H Moore, F AF Rosenthal, J Selwyn, BJ Loe, H Moore, F TI Utilization of Mexican health services by Texas border residents. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600038 ER PT J AU Kolasa, M Bisgard, K Prevots, R Brink, E Strebel, P Hadler, S Dibling, K AF Kolasa, M Bisgard, K Prevots, R Brink, E Strebel, P Hadler, S Dibling, K TI IPV or OPV: Will parents accept the new poliovirus vaccination recommendations? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 40 EP 40 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600040 ER PT J AU Maes, E CohenAbbo, A Fischmann, A Godoy, O Heath, J Querales, J deQuadros, C AF Maes, E CohenAbbo, A Fischmann, A Godoy, O Heath, J Querales, J deQuadros, C TI Diagnosis of measles: An evaluation of the clinical case definition. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VENEZUELA MINIST HLTH,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600043 ER PT J AU Rodewald, L Szilagyi, P Barth, R Humiston, S Stevenson, J AF Rodewald, L Szilagyi, P Barth, R Humiston, S Stevenson, J TI Quality assurance sampling-based (QAS) screening of primary care practice immunization coverage levels. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600042 ER PT J AU Stevenson, J Stokley, S Rodewald, L AF Stevenson, J Stokley, S Rodewald, L TI Acceptance sampling: A tool for screening immunization practices. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600046 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Shilkret, KL Schulman, ME Dillon, M Moghazeh, S Kreiswirth, BN Finelli, L AF Liu, Z Shilkret, KL Schulman, ME Dillon, M Moghazeh, S Kreiswirth, BN Finelli, L TI Use of DNA fingerprinting in tuberculosis surveillance in New Jersey: A preliminary analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PUBL HLTH RES INST,NEW YORK,NY 10007. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600048 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Glasser, JW Bellini, WJ Redd, SC Heath, JL AF Schrag, SJ Glasser, JW Bellini, WJ Redd, SC Heath, JL TI Age-specific risk of measles in the United States, 1959-1994 .2. Evaluation via age- and time-specific serological studies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600049 ER PT J AU Salg, J Alterman, T AF Salg, J Alterman, T TI Mortality patterns among the International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftsmen (IUBAC) 1986-1991. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600050 ER PT J AU GreenAjufo, BA Johnson, C Ferre, C Rowley, D Schoendorf, K AF GreenAjufo, BA Johnson, C Ferre, C Rowley, D Schoendorf, K TI Estimates of risk factors for very low birthweight: Benefits of ethnic-specific analyses. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCCDPHP,DRH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600058 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA Serdula, MK AF Galuska, DA Serdula, MK TI Does race modify the effect of risk factors for the incidence of natural menopause? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600068 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Hillis, SD Kieke, BA Brett, KM Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB AF Curtis, KM Hillis, SD Kieke, BA Brett, KM Marchbanks, PA Peterson, HB TI Rates of visits to emergency departments for gynecologic disorders in the United States, 1992-1994. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 72 EP 72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600071 ER PT J AU Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Tylor, LR Peterson, HB AF Hillis, SD Marchbanks, PA Tylor, LR Peterson, HB TI Higher hysterectomy risk for sterilized versus nonsterilized women. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600072 ER PT J AU Balluz, LS Philen, R Sewell, M Voorhees, R Falter, K Paschal, D AF Balluz, LS Philen, R Sewell, M Voorhees, R Falter, K Paschal, D TI Mercury toxicity associated with a beauty lotion, New Mexico. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCEH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 85 EP 85 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600084 ER PT J AU Kung, HC Liu, X Juon, HS AF Kung, HC Liu, X Juon, HS TI Risk factors for suicide in Caucasians and in African-Americans: A matched case-control study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600130 ER PT J AU Anderson, MA Crosby, A Peddicord, J AF Anderson, MA Crosby, A Peddicord, J TI Regional differences in US suicide rates. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 131 EP 131 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600129 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Powell, K Johnson, CJ Mercy, J GrantWorley, JA AF Nelson, DE Powell, K Johnson, CJ Mercy, J GrantWorley, JA TI Differences in household firearm storage practices reported by users and nonusers of firearms. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 143 EP 143 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600141 ER PT J AU Krug, E Dahlbeg, L Powell, K Peddicord, J Kresnow, M McMillin, C AF Krug, E Dahlbeg, L Powell, K Peddicord, J Kresnow, M McMillin, C TI Suicide rates in the aftermath of a natural disaster. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600149 ER PT J AU Schieve, L Cogswell, M Scanlon, K AF Schieve, L Cogswell, M Scanlon, K TI Maternal weight gain and preterm birth in a WIC population. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600154 ER PT J AU Dietz, P Adams, M Rochat, R Mathis, M AF Dietz, P Adams, M Rochat, R Mathis, M TI Does the accuracy of prenatal smoking on Georgia birth certificates vary by infant birth weight? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600155 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Cedillo, L Tucker, J Hines, C Sorensen, K Deddens, J Cruz, V AF Steenland, K Cedillo, L Tucker, J Hines, C Sorensen, K Deddens, J Cruz, V TI Altered thyroid hormones and cytogenetic profiles in backpack sprayers using ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides in Mexico. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600157 ER PT J AU Robinson, CF Petersen, M Palu, S Sestito, JP AF Robinson, CF Petersen, M Palu, S Sestito, JP TI Mortality patterns among the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, 1982-87. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600160 ER PT J AU McQuillan, G Coleman, P Margolis, H AF McQuillan, G Coleman, P Margolis, H TI Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the United States: The national health and nutrition examination surveys (NHANES), 1976-1994. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600166 ER PT J AU Semenza, JC Roberts, L Henderson, A Rubin, CH Bogan, J McGeehin, M AF Semenza, JC Roberts, L Henderson, A Rubin, CH Bogan, J McGeehin, M TI Water policy implications from a randomized intervention trial in Uzbekistan. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCEH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600165 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Williamson, DF Liu, S AF Ford, ES Williamson, DF Liu, S TI Weight change and diabetes incidence: Findings from a national cohort of US adults. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600176 ER PT J AU Loria, C Klag, M Caulfield, L Szklo, M Whelton, P AF Loria, C Klag, M Caulfield, L Szklo, M Whelton, P TI Does cigarette smoking confound or modify the effect of vitamin C on coronary heart disease mortality? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600183 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS Leiker, R AF Yoon, SS Leiker, R TI Housing age from census data as an indicator of increased risk for lead poisoning. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600192 ER PT J AU Burg, J Barrett, L Cusack, C Gist, G AF Burg, J Barrett, L Cusack, C Gist, G TI Impact of trichloroethylene (TCE) environmental exposure on women. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGCY TOX SUBSTANCES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 197 EP 197 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600196 ER PT J AU Pickle, LW Mungiole, M Jones, GK White, AA AF Pickle, LW Mungiole, M Jones, GK White, AA TI The new NCHS Atlas of United States Mortality. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600212 ER PT J AU Glasser, JW Davis, RL Rhodes, PH DeStefano, F Chen, RT Hadler, SC Robins, JM AF Glasser, JW Davis, RL Rhodes, PH DeStefano, F Chen, RT Hadler, SC Robins, JM TI Elucidating causal relations between recurrent exposures and outcome complexes: Vaccination and seizures. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA 98101. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 217 EP 217 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600216 ER PT J AU Malilay, J Henderson, A McGeehin, M Flanders, WD AF Malilay, J Henderson, A McGeehin, M Flanders, WD TI Epidemiologic formulations to estimate health risks from natural hazards using risk assessment. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 222 EP 222 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600222 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Khoury, MJ Flanders, WD AF Yang, Q Khoury, MJ Flanders, WD TI Sample size requirements in case-only designs to detect gene-environment interaction. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 224 EP 224 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600223 ER PT J AU Mosure, D Dicker, LW Levine, W Berman, S AF Mosure, D Dicker, LW Levine, W Berman, S TI Can selective screening data be used to monitor prevalence of chlamydial infections? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 236 EP 236 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600235 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Kim, JH Roberts, SS AF Bang, KM Kim, JH Roberts, SS TI Prevalence of cigarette smoking by occupation in the US population, 1988-1991. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 243 EP 243 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600241 ER PT J AU Massoudi, MS Walsh, J Rosenthal, J Stevenson, J Milanjovic, B Stokely, S AF Massoudi, MS Walsh, J Rosenthal, J Stevenson, J Milanjovic, B Stokely, S TI Immunization coverage rates among private providers in Maine. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,AUGUSTA,ME 04336. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 259 EP 259 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600257 ER PT J AU Mannino, D Sowell, A Brombacher, T AF Mannino, D Sowell, A Brombacher, T TI Peripheral leukocytes, respiratory symptoms and lung function: Differences between smokers and nonsmokers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600290 ER PT J AU Carmichael, S Iyasu, S AF Carmichael, S Iyasu, S TI Trends in the black-white gap in infant mortality; 1983-1991. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600297 ER PT J AU Wuhib, T Davidiants, V McNabb, S AF Wuhib, T Davidiants, V McNabb, S TI Nutritional status of pensioners, 1993-96, Yerevan, Armenia. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 320 EP 320 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600318 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Will, JC Bowman, BA Narayan, KMV AF Ford, ES Will, JC Bowman, BA Narayan, KMV TI Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: Findings from a national population-based survey. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 343 EP 343 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600340 ER PT J AU Elliott, LJ Hall, WN Stobierski, MG Johnson, DR Bird, C AF Elliott, LJ Hall, WN Stobierski, MG Johnson, DR Bird, C TI A community-wide outbreak of Legionnaires disease - Michigan, 1996. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MICHIGAN DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. OAKLAND CTY HLTH DEPT,PONTIAC,MI 48053. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600342 ER PT J AU Hutin, Y AF Hutin, Y TI An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with frozen strawberries, Michigan, 1997. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MICHIGAN DEPT HLTH & AGR,LANSING,MI 48909. CALHOUN CTY DEPT HLTH,BATTLE CREEK,MI 49014. SAGINAW CTY DEPT HLTH,SAGINAW,MI 48602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 345 EP 345 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600343 ER PT J AU Kolavic, S Kimura, A Simons, S Slutsker, L Barth, S Haley, C AF Kolavic, S Kimura, A Simons, S Slutsker, L Barth, S Haley, C TI Outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 among hospital laboratory workers, Texas. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. DALLAS CTY HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DALLAS,TX 75207. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 11 SU S BP 346 EP 346 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XA896 UT WOS:A1997XA89600345 ER PT J AU Kang, SK Burnett, CA Freund, E Walker, J Lalich, N Sestito, J AF Kang, SK Burnett, CA Freund, E Walker, J Lalich, N Sestito, J TI Gastrointestinal cancer mortality of workers in occupations with high asbestos exposures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE asbestos exposure; occupation; mortality; mesothelioma; gastrointestinal cancer ID DEATH CERTIFICATES; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; COLORECTAL-CANCER; COLON; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE; DISEASES; HAZARDS; RECTUM; RISK AB Asbestos, which is a well-known risk factor for lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, has also been suggested as a gastrointestinal (GI) carcinogen. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between high asbestos exposure occupations and the occurrence of GI cancel: Death certificate data were analyzed from 4,943,566 decedents with information on occupation and industry from 28 states from 1979 through 1990. Elevated proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for mesothelioma were used to identify occupations potentially having many workers exposed to asbestos. All PMRs were age-adjusted and sex- and race-specific. The PMRs for GI cancers in white males were then calculated for these occupations after excluding mesothelioma, lung cancer, and non-malignant respiratory disease from all deaths. We identified 15,524 cases of GI cancer in the 12 occupations with elevated PMRs for mesothelioma. When these occupations were combined, the PMRs for esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer were significantly elevated at 108 (95% confidence interval = 107-110), 110 (106-113), and 109 (107-110), respectively. Esophageal cancer was elevated in sheet metal workers and mechanical workers. Gastric cancel was elevated in supervisors in production and managers. Colorectal cancel was elevated in mechanical and electrical and electronic engineers. However high exposure occupations like insulation, construction painter supervisors, plumbers, furnace operators, and construction electricians showed no elevations of GI cancers. In conclusion, this death certificate study supports an association between asbestos exposure and some GI cancer, however the magnitude of this effect is very small. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 34 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 6 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199706)31:6<713::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-R PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WW145 UT WOS:A1997WW14500007 PM 9131226 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Waxweiler, RJ Mallonee, S AF Dellinger, AM Waxweiler, RJ Mallonee, S TI Injuries to rescue workers following the Oklahoma City Bombing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE injury; bombing; rescue workers; case finding; disaster; Oklahoma City ID DISASTER; EARTHQUAKE; EMERGENCY; LESSONS; IMPACT; BEIRUT; CARE AB The objective of this study was to identify and describe physical injuries to rescue workers in the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing. Data were obtained from medical records from 16 hospital emergency departments and specialty clinics in the Oklahoma City area, and reported visits to medical providers at the bombing site. Participants were rescue personnel from the Oklahoma City Fire Department, the mutual aid fire stations in the Oklahoma City area, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Urban Search and Rescue teams, and military personnel stationed near Oklahoma City. All participants were involved in the rescue and recovery operation. The Two main outcome measures were (I) the number types, and rates of injuries; and (2) comparisons of case-finding methods, including medical chart review and telephone interview. The most common injuries were strains and sprains (21.4%), foreign bodies in eyes (14.5%), and laceration/crush/puncture wounds (18.4%). Of the four case-finding mechanisms, telephone interviews following the event identified the largest number of cases (84.5%). Most injuries were minor; some injuries such as chemical bums were preventable. The potential utility of other data collection mechanisms is considered. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,INJURY PREVENT SERV,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 6 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199706)31:6<727::AID-AJIM9>3.0.CO;2-N PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WW145 UT WOS:A1997WW14500009 PM 9131228 ER PT J AU Simonds, DN Horan, TC Kelley, R Jarvis, WR AF Simonds, DN Horan, TC Kelley, R Jarvis, WR TI Detecting pediatric nosocomial infections: How do infection control and quality assurance personnel compare? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; CONTROL PROGRAMS; CDC DEFINITIONS; SURVEILLANCE AB Objective: To compare how well infection control (IC) and quality assurance (PA) personnel in a specialty setting identify the presence, type (nosocomial or community-acquired), and (if nosocomial) site of infection. Methods: In 1994, we mailed a survey that included 21 pediatric case histories to IC and QA personnel in pediatric settings in the United States (children's hospitals and medical school-affiliated hospitals with pediatric wards of >30 beds). From the case histories presented, the respondents were asked to determine whether an infection was present and, if so, whether it was nosocomial or community-acquired. If the infection was nosocomial, the respondent was asked to determine the site of the infection (e.g., urinary tract, bloodstream). Results: From the 289 hospitals to which surveys were mailed, 131 respondents (45.3%) completed 212 surveys. Of the 212 returned surveys, 120 (56.6%) were completed by IC personnel and 92 (43.4%) were completed by QA personnel. Among the 183 respondents from acute care pediatric settings, 92.3% of IC personnel (96/104) and 54.4% of QA personnel (43/79) correctly identified at least 75% of the nosocomial infections (n = 14; p < 0.0001). IC and QA personnel were similar in ability to identify community-acquired infection (88/104 vs 70/79, respectively; p = 0.436). IC personnel were significantly more likely than QA personnel to accurately identify the following sites of infection: respiratory tract infection without secondary bloodstream infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, urinary tract infection with and without secondary bloodstream infection, primary bloodstream infection, surgical site infection, gastroenteritis, esophagitis, and clinical sepsis. Conclusions: Overall, IC personnel were more accurate than QA personnel in determining whether a nosocomial infection was present and in correctly determining most sites of infection. Both IC and QA personnel had difficulty identifying venous infection and respiratory tract infection with secondary bloodstream infection. Both IC and QA personnel could thus benefit from more concise definitions or further training in detection of these sites of nosocomial infections. In addition, QA personnel did not perform overall as well as IC personnel in identifying nosocomial infections and their sites; this finding suggests the need for QA personnel to be provided specific training on detection of nosocomial infections and validation of their ability to do so. Nosocomial infection surveillance should be the responsibility of those trained and proved capable of detecting these infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90005-5 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XG011 UT WOS:A1997XG01100004 PM 9202815 ER PT J AU Managan, LP Perrotta, DM Banerjee, SN Hack, D Simonds, D Jarvis, WR AF Managan, LP Perrotta, DM Banerjee, SN Hack, D Simonds, D Jarvis, WR TI Status of tuberculosis infection control programs at Texas hospitals, 1989 through 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CDC TB SURVEY; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MEMBER HOSPITALS; OUTBREAK AB Background: Paralleling the resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States, the reported number of persons with TB in Texas increased by 33% during 1985 through 1992, the third largest rise among all the states. This increase prompted us to survey hospitals in Texas to determine their degree of compliance with recommendations in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TB guidelines. Methods: In April 1992, we mailed a voluntary questionnaire about TB infection control practices, health care worker tuberculin skin testing procedures, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis laboratory methods to a convenience sample of hospitals in Texas. Results: Of 180 hospitals surveyed, 151 (83%) returned completed questionnaires. Of these, 90 (60%) were nonteaching community hospitals; 28 (19%) were teaching community hospitals; 13 (9%) were university-affiliate hospitals; and 20 (13%) were other hospitals. The number of hospitals to which patients with TB were admitted increased from 98 (65%) in 1989 to 122 (81%) in 1991. Respondent hospitals had a mean of 183 acute care beds (median 100, range 5 to 999), 6 acid-fast bacillus isolation rooms (median 2, range 0 to 57) and 7.5 admissions/year of patients with TB (median 2, range 0 to 202). Of hospitals responding to specific questions, 20% (27/137) admitted patients with multidrug-resistant TB, 18% (25/140) reported not having any acid-fast bacillus isolation rooms, and 28% (35/125) had no rooms meeting all of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for acid-fast bacillus isolation (negative air pressure, greater than or equal to 6 air changes per hour, and air directly vented to the outside). The tuberculin skin test conversions among health care workers rose from 246 (0.6%) in 1989 to 547 (0.9%) in 1991. Conclusion: Although the number of Texas hospitals admitting patients with TB increased during 1989 through 1991, many facilities still did not have infection control practices consistent with the 1992 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention TB guidelines. RP Managan, LP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP E-69,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(97)90009-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XG011 UT WOS:A1997XG01100008 PM 9202819 ER PT J AU Sutter, RW Cochi, SL AF Sutter, RW Cochi, SL TI Ethical dilemmas in worldwide polio eradication programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP Sutter, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1997 VL 87 IS 6 BP 913 EP 916 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.6.913 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XJ859 UT WOS:A1997XJ85900007 PM 9224167 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Peterman, TA Zaidi, AA Kamb, ML AF Ebrahim, SH Peterman, TA Zaidi, AA Kamb, ML TI Mortality related to sexually transmitted diseases in US women, 1973 through 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Society-of-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY AUG, 1995 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Int Soc Sexually Transmitted Dis Res ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; NON-B HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; RISK-FACTORS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS AB Objectives. This study estimated the trends in mortality related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their sequelae in US women from 1973 through 1992. Methods. The total number of deaths was obtained from US national mortality data and from AIDS surveillance data, and current literature was reviewed to estimate proportions of diseases attributable to sexual transmission. Results. From 1973 through 1984, total STD-related deaths decreased 24%. However, from 1985 through 1992, STD-related deaths increased by 31%, primarily because of increasing numbers of deaths from sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The most important changes during the 20-year period were the emergence of and continued increase in the number of deaths related to heterosexually transmitted HIV. Conclusions. The leading causes of STD-related mortality in women, viral STDs and their sequelae, are generally not recognized as being sexually transmitted. Increases in STD-related mortality are primarily due to sexually transmitted HIV, which will soon surpass cervical cancer as the leading cause. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1997 VL 87 IS 6 BP 938 EP 944 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.6.938 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XJ859 UT WOS:A1997XJ85900014 PM 9224173 ER PT J AU RiestraCastaneda, JM RiestraCastaneda, R GonzalezGarrido, AA Moreno, PP Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS Careaga, FJ DeAlba, JLO Cornejo, SG AF RiestraCastaneda, JM RiestraCastaneda, R GonzalezGarrido, AA Moreno, PP Martinez, AJ Visvesvara, GS Careaga, FJ DeAlba, JLO Cornejo, SG TI Granulomatous amebic encephalitis due to Balamuthia mandrillaris (Leptomyxiidae): Report of four cases from Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ACANTHAMOEBA MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; PATIENT; AIDS AB In this report, we describe four cases of granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia (Leptomyxid ameba) in four previously healthy Mexican patients. All four cases were characterized by focal neurologic signs, increased intracranial pressure, and cerebral hyperdense lesions in computed tomography scans of the head. These patients underwent craniotomies for evaluation of mass lesions for possible brain rumors. Granulomatous chronic inflammatory reaction and amebic trophozoites were found in brain biopsies. At autopsy, areas of hemorrhagic encephalomalacia were located in both basal frontal lobes, right parieto-occipital lobes, and, less often, in the brainstem and cerebellum. Angiitis, necrotizing granulomatous encephalitis, and large numbers of amebic trophozoites in perivascular spaces were present. Amebic trophozoites were seen in the left adrenal gland in one of the cases. The amebas in all four cases were identified as Balamuthia mandrillaris (Leptomyxiidae) based on their reactivity with the anti-Balamuthia (Leptomyxiidae) serum in an immunofluorescence test. C1 INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,BIBLIOTECA,CTR MED OCCIDENTE,DEPT PATOL,GUADALAJARA,JALISCO,MEXICO. PRESBYTERIAN UNIV HOSP,DIV NEUROPATHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HOSP CARMEN,DEPT NEUROCIRUG,GUADALAJARA,SPAIN. RP RiestraCastaneda, JM (reprint author), HOSP CIVIL GUADALAJARA,DEPT NEUROL & NEUROCIRUG,LAB MICROCIRUG BASE CRANEO,CALLE HOSP 278,GUADALAJARA 44280,JALISCO,MEXICO. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 603 EP 607 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XL429 UT WOS:A1997XL42900005 PM 9230787 ER PT J AU Watts, DM Lavera, V Callahan, J Rossi, C Oberste, MS Roehrig, JT Cropp, CB Karabatsos, N Smith, JF Gubler, DJ Wooster, MT Nelson, WM Hayes, CG AF Watts, DM Lavera, V Callahan, J Rossi, C Oberste, MS Roehrig, JT Cropp, CB Karabatsos, N Smith, JF Gubler, DJ Wooster, MT Nelson, WM Hayes, CG TI Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Oropouche virus infections among Peruvian army troops in the Amazon region of Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SOUTH-AMERICA; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPES; VACCINE; TC-83; NEUTRALIZATION; TOGAVIRIDAE AB An outbreak of a febrile illness characterized by headache, ocular pain, myalgia, and arthralgia occurred during June 1994 among Peruvian army troops in Northern Peru. On June 14-16, 1994, clinical data and blood samples were obtained from eight soldiers with a febrile illness, and from 26 others who had a history of febrile illness during the past three months. A follow-up blood sample was obtained 107 days later from four of the febrile and seven of the afebrile soldiers. Serum samples were tested for dengue (DEN), Oropouche (ORO), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) IgM and IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus isolation was performed by inoculation of newborn mice and Vero cell cultures. Viral isolates were identified by immunofluorescence, ELISA, and nucleotide sequencing. A VEE virus infection was confirmed in three of the eight febrile soldiers, two by virus isolation, and one by serology. Antigenic analysis indicated that one of the virus isolates was similar to VEE subtype I, variety LD, viruses previously isolated in Colombia and Venezuela. Nucleotide sequence data showed that both viral isolates were identical to one another and closely related to VEE ID viruses previously isolated in Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. Serologic results showed that two of 26 afebrile soldiers had IgM antibody to VEE and four had Ige antibody to VEE; two febrile soldiers had IgG antibody in their first serum samples. Oropouche-specific IgM antibody was detected in one of the eight febrile and five of the afebrile soldiers, and 18 of the 34 soldiers had low titers of ORO IgG antibody titers, which did not meet the diagnostic criteria for confirmed cases. All soldiers were negative for DEN IgM antibody, and 10 had flavivirus IgG antibody that reacted with DEN antigens. These data indicated that VEE ID virus was one of the causes of illness among Peruvians soldiers and that this was the first association of this VEE subtype with human disease in Peru. C1 SANTA ROSA ARMY HOSP,IQUITOS,PERU. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. USN,MED RES INST,DEPT INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD 20889. RP Watts, DM (reprint author), USN,MED RES INST DETACHMENT,NAMRID,UNIT 3800,AMER EMBASSY,APO AA 34031,LIMA,PERU. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 43 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 661 EP 667 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XL429 UT WOS:A1997XL42900018 PM 9230800 ER PT J AU Yu, XJ Piesman, JF Olson, JG Walker, DH AF Yu, XJ Piesman, JF Olson, JG Walker, DH TI Short report: Geographic distribution of different genetic types of Ehrlichia chaffeensis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS AB The 120-kD protein gene of Ehrlichia chaffeensis was used to characterize ehrlichial DNA from seven pools of adult Amblyomma americanum ticks. Ticks from Missouri, Kentucky, and North Carolina contained E. chaffeensis DNA of the Arkansas strain genotype. Ticks from North Carolina also contained ehrlichiae of the Sapulpa strain genotype, originally identified in Oklahoma. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Yu, XJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,301 UNIV BLVD,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 56 IS 6 BP 679 EP 680 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XL429 UT WOS:A1997XL42900021 PM 9230803 ER PT J AU Rudzinski, WE Sutcliffe, R Dahlquist, B KeySchwartz, R AF Rudzinski, WE Sutcliffe, R Dahlquist, B KeySchwartz, R TI Evaluation of tryptamine in an impinger and on XAD-2 for the determination of hexamethylene-based isocyanates in spray-painting operations SO ANALYST LA English DT Article DE isocyanates; tryptamine; 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine; XAD-2 resin; impinger sampling ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DERIVATIZING AGENT; AIRBORNE ISOCYANATES; AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION; FLUORESCENCE AB Tryptamine was evaluated as a reagent for derivatizing hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer and oligomers during actual spray-painting operations. In one side-by-side sampling study, an impinger filled with 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in toluene was compared with a second impinger filled with tryptamine in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The amount of HDI monomer obtained was below the limit of quantification for both impingers. The amount of HDI oligomer obtained when using 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine in toluene was comparable to the amount obtained when using an impinger filled with tryptamine in DMSO. In a second side-by-side sampling study, a tryptamine-coated XAD-2 resin was used as a sorbent, The relative collection efficiency of the tryptamine-coated XAD-2 resin was on average 60% of the value obtained using an impinger filled with tryptamine in DMSO, The results indicate that using an impinger filled with tryptamine in DMSO gives higher concentrations of isocyanate than a tryptamine-coated XAD-2 sorbent for HDI monomer and oligomer. C1 SGM,HQ AFIA,KIRTLAND AFB,NM 87117. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Rudzinski, WE (reprint author), SW TEXAS STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,SAN MARCOS,TX 78666, USA. FU PHS HHS [R010H03295-01] NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD JUN PY 1997 VL 122 IS 6 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1039/a700123a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XH105 UT WOS:A1997XH10500022 PM 9282404 ER PT J AU Townes, JM Solomon, HM Griffin, PM AF Townes, JM Solomon, HM Griffin, PM TI The botulism hazard - In Reply SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Townes, JM (reprint author), OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,PORTLAND,OR 97232, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 126 IS 11 BP 919 EP 919 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XA911 UT WOS:A1997XA91100024 ER PT J AU Nwanyanwu, OC Ziba, C Redd, SC Luby, SP AF Nwanyanwu, OC Ziba, C Redd, SC Luby, SP TI Palpation as a method of fever determination in Malawian children who are less than 5 years old: How reliable is it? SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA AB Fever is a common occurrence in children who are <5 years old and palpation of the forehead may or may not be a reliable method for determining fever in such children. In a study of 1120 Malawian children of this age attending outpatient's clinics, each child's mother and a clinical officer (GO) were asked to palpate the child's forehead and decide whether the child was febrile (felt warm or very warm) or afebrile (felt normal). The rectal temperature of each child was then taken using a thermometer and the child considered febrile if this temperature was greater than or equal to 38 degrees C. Using palpation, mothers judged 973 (86.9%) of 1120 children to be febrile and CO judged 565 (50.4%) of 1118 to be febrile, whereas thermometer readings indicated 410(36.7%) to be truly febrile. False-positives (i.e. afebrile children judged to be febrile by palpation) accounted for 574 (59.0%) of the 973 children who were considered febrile by their mothers and 228 (40.4%) of the 565 children so considered by CO; mothers reported significantly more false-positives than CO (P<0.05). False-negatives (i.e. febrile children judged to be afebrile by palpation) accounted for 11 (7.5%) of the 147 children who were considered afebrile by their mothers and 73 (13.2%) of the 553 children so considered by CO; CO reported significantly more false-negatives than mothers (P<0.05). Overall, mothers were as likely as CO to misjudge a child (721/1120 v. 781/1118; P>0.05). Although the sensitivity of mothers and CO in determining fever was similar (97.3% v. 82.2%; P>0.05), CO gave a higher degree of specificity than the mothers (67.8% v. 19.2%; P<0.000001). Although the present results indicate that palpation is not a reliable method of determining fever in children who are <5 years old, caregivers should continue to use palpation as a useful first step in deciding when a child needs to be referred. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, MED BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP Nwanyanwu, OC (reprint author), MINIST HLTH, COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT, PRIVATE BAG 65, LILONGWE, MALAWI. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 EI 1364-8594 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 91 IS 4 BP 359 EP 363 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA XH121 UT WOS:A1997XH12100003 PM 9290842 ER PT J AU Cromeans, TL Nainan, OV Margolis, HS AF Cromeans, TL Nainan, OV Margolis, HS TI Detection of hepatitis A virus RNA in oyster meat SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; A VIRUS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; ENTERIC VIRUSES; NORWALK VIRUS; RAW OYSTERS; SHELLFISH; PCR AB Detection of low concentrations of viruses in shellfish is possible with nucleic acid amplification by PCR. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been detected in oyster meat by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). We developed a method to identify HAV RNA by RT-PCR of total RNA extracted from oyster meat contaminated by adsorption, bioaccumulation, or injection. With dot blot hybridization detection of amplicons from the RT-PCR, rapid screening of a large number of samples is feasible. As few as 8 PFU of HAV/g of oyster meat can be detected. RP Cromeans, TL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH A 33,WHO COLLABORATING CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [224-90-2483] NR 34 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 6 BP 2460 EP 2463 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA XB705 UT WOS:A1997XB70500054 PM 9172369 ER PT J AU Williams, RJ Peralta, JM Tsang, VCW Narayanan, N Casay, GA Lipowska, M Strekowski, L Patonay, G AF Williams, RJ Peralta, JM Tsang, VCW Narayanan, N Casay, GA Lipowska, M Strekowski, L Patonay, G TI Near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dyes: A new tracer for solid-phase immunoassays SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; immunoassay; cyanine label; semiconductor laser; near-infrared ID SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER FLUOROMETRY; HUMAN-SERUM; FLUORESCENCE; ANTIBODIES; LABELS; ELISA; PROBE AB Near-infrared (near-IR) fluorescence has been used to develop a solid-phase immunoassay that detects trace amounts of human immunoglobulin (HuIgG). Various concentrations of HuIgG bound to a nitrocellulose surface were determined from the fluorescence generated by near-IR labeled goat anti-human antibody (GAHG) bound to the HuIgG, The GAHG was labeled with a heptamethine cyanine fluorophore that has spectral properties in the near-IR region (above 780 nm), These fluorophores are versatile because they can be modified for several bioanalytical applications, Fluorescence was detected with a near-IR fluorescence instrument previously developed in the laboratory, Two cyanine fluorophore labels were evaluated for the ability to selectively bind to GAHG on a nitrocellulose matrix with a minimal amount of background interference, After the most appropriate near-IF fluorophore was selected, the labeling of GAHG was optimized under aqueous conditions, The most effective GAHG-dye conjugates were used to develop an immunoassay to detect various concentrations of HuIgG. The results are presented, here, Solutions of HuIgG with concentrations as low as 10(-10) molar have been detected with a minimum of interference. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,RJ,BRAZIL. NATL CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 6 BP 836 EP 843 DI 10.1366/0003702971941115 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA XF544 UT WOS:A1997XF54400013 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Manatunga, AK AF Williamson, JM Manatunga, AK TI Assessing interrater agreement from dependent data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE correlated random effects; interrater agreement; intraclass correlation coefficient; ordered categorical data ID INTRACLASS CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; LATENT VARIABLE MODELS; KAPPA-COEFFICIENT; CATEGORICAL-DATA; RATERS; RELIABILITY; REGRESSION; VARIANCE AB Estimation of interrater agreement for ordered categorical data is examined when the same sample is being assessed by various raters with different methods. We investigate the use of a latent model proposed by Qu, Piedmonte, and Medendorp (1995, Biomerics 51, 268-275) to estimate the correlation between raters for each method, and test for their equality. For each of the assessment methods, these correlations can be interpreted as the variance components of random effects representing subject and rater. This method is applied to an HIV study, in which the amount of ectopy on a woman's cervix is measured by both direct Visual assessment and a computer planimetry method. C1 EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS E48,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32-AI07442]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R29-GM52495] NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 1997 VL 53 IS 2 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.2307/2533970 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA XE965 UT WOS:A1997XE96500026 PM 9192459 ER PT J AU Driskell, WJ Hill, RH AF Driskell, WJ Hill, RH TI Identification of a major human urinary metabolite of metolachlor by LC-MS/MS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article RP Driskell, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 58 IS 6 BP 929 EP 933 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA XD952 UT WOS:A1997XD95200012 PM 9136656 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Neaton, JD Randall, B Sengupta, A AF Coughlin, SS Neaton, JD Randall, B Sengupta, A TI Predictors of mortality from kidney cancer in 332,547 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE blood pressure; diabetes; kidney cancer; smoking ID RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS; UNITED-STATES; DIURETICS; HYPERTENSION; CONSUMPTION; DEATH; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND. The authors examined predictors of mortality from kidney cancer in 332,547 men who were screened as part of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. METHODS. The vital status of each member of this cohort was ascertained through 1990. Death certificates were obtained from state health departments and coded by a trained nosologist. Three hundred ninety-eight deaths due to kidney cancer occurred among the cohort of 332,547 men after an average of 16 years of followup. The authors used the Cox proportional hazards model to study the joint associations of age, race, income, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and use of medication for diabetes with risk of death from kidney cancer. RESULTS. The authors observed independent associations with age, cigarette smoking status (relative risk [RR] = 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-2.48), and systolic blood pressure (relative risk [RR] = 1.12 for systolic blood pressure level 10 millimeters of mercury higher; 95% CI, 1.06-1.18). The authors obtained similar results when deaths that occurred during the first 5 years were excluded. CONCLUSIONS. These findings add to the increasing body of evidence that cigarette smoking and blood pressure level are modifiable risk factors for kidney cancer in men. (C) 1997 American Cancer Society. C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,CLIN RES SECT,HANOVER,NH. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL28715] NR 47 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 11 BP 2171 EP 2177 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970601)79:11<2171::AID-CNCR15>3.0.CO;2-T PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XA433 UT WOS:A1997XA43300015 PM 9179064 ER PT J AU LaBeau, KM Simon, MK Steindel, SJ AF LaBeau, KM Simon, MK Steindel, SJ TI Monitoring practice behaviors using information from a network of clinical laboratories in the Pacific Northwest. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DEPT HLTH,WENATCHEE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 SU 6 BP 158 EP 158 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XD363 UT WOS:A1997XD36300158 ER PT J AU Howanitz, PJ Steindel, SJ Schifman, RB Valenstein, PN Jones, BA AF Howanitz, PJ Steindel, SJ Schifman, RB Valenstein, PN Jones, BA TI Needed: A paradigm shift for improvement of chemistry laboratory quality process. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. TUCSON VA MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. CATHERINE MCCAULEY HLTH CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI. ST JOHNS HOSP,DETROIT,MI. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,CLIN LABS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 SU 6 BP 161 EP 161 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XD363 UT WOS:A1997XD36300161 ER PT J AU Lipman, HB Astles, JR AF Lipman, HB Astles, JR TI Estimating the linear analytic range using a method based on the sign test. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 SU 6 BP 165 EP 165 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XD363 UT WOS:A1997XD36300165 ER PT J AU Moser, SA White, MD Steindel, SJ AF Moser, SA White, MD Steindel, SJ TI Remote electronic quality assurance evaluation and knowledge discovery. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. CDC,PHPPO,DLS,CHAMBLEE,GA. RI Moser, Stephen/A-1168-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 SU 6 BP 173 EP 173 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XD363 UT WOS:A1997XD36300173 ER PT J AU Shahangian, S Gaunt, EE Krolak, JM Cohn, RD AF Shahangian, S Gaunt, EE Krolak, JM Cohn, RD TI A system to monitor the total testing process in medical laboratories: Validation of a split-specimen design. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,DIV LAB SYST,PHPPO,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ANALYT SCI INC,PUBL HLTH RES DIV,DURHAM,NC. ANALYT SCI INC,DIV STAT,DURHAM,NC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 SU 6 BP 176 EP 176 PN 2 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XD363 UT WOS:A1997XD36300176 ER PT J AU Jennings, VM Actor, JK Lal, AA Hunter, RL AF Jennings, VM Actor, JK Lal, AA Hunter, RL TI Murine cerebral malaria is an encephalitis: Bioluminsecent detection of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in brains of P-berghei infected mice. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 SU 6 BP 660 EP 660 PN 2 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XD363 UT WOS:A1997XD36300659 ER PT J AU Messmer, TO Whitney, CG Fields, BS AF Messmer, TO Whitney, CG Fields, BS TI Use of polymerase chain reaction to identify pneumococcal infection associated with hemorrhage and shock in two previously healthy young children SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PCR; Streptococcus pneumoniae; clinical specimens; paraffinized tissues ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; OTITIS-MEDIA; PCR; DIAGNOSIS; DNA; ANTIGEN; GENE; BLOOD; ASSAY AB A PCR assay was developed for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in clinical specimens including blood and paraffinized tissues. We were able to detect one organism of purified DNA or 4.5 colony-forming units in blood. The primers did not cross-react with other upper respiratory tract streptococci or with pathogens commonly found in clinical specimens. This assay was used in an investigation of an outbreak of severe illness characterized by septic shock and hemorrhage in previously healthy children. PCR detected S. pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid and autopsy tissues of the two infants who died. The findings from this assay indicated that PCR offers increased specificity and sensitivity over latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis and should prove useful in the identification of additional cases of severe illness caused by S. pneumoniae. RP Messmer, TO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS G05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 43 IS 6 BP 930 EP 935 PN 1 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA XC898 UT WOS:A1997XC89800005 PM 9191542 ER PT J AU Villanueva, A Vargas, BA Ruiz, F Aguero, S Zhang, YS Brown, BA Wallace, RJ AF Villanueva, A Vargas, BA Ruiz, F Aguero, S Zhang, YS Brown, BA Wallace, RJ TI Report on an outbreak of postinjection abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus, including management with surgery and clarithromycin therapy and comparison of strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT 03-07, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL ID RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS; FORTUITUM COMPLEX; CHELONAE; INFECTIONS; INJECTION; ORGANISMS; CENTERS; WATER AB An outbreak of postinjection abscesses occurred in Barranquilla, Colombia, and was associated with local injections of lidocaine given in a single physician's office. Over a 5-month period, 350 (18%) of similar to 2,000 injected patients developed localized cutaneous abscesses or cellulitis; of 210 abscess specimens that were cultured, 205 were positive for rapidly growing mycobacteria, subsequently identified as Mycobacterium abscessus. The source of the outbreak was not identified. M. abscessus could not be characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, but all isolates were identical in terms of drug and heavy metal resistance patterns and random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR profiles. We believe this is the first report of the use of this latter technique for investigation of an outbreak due to M. abscessus, Therapy with a combination of surgical excision and 3-6 months' administration of clarithromycin was successful for 95% of 148 patients treated in this manner; in contrast, therapy was successful for less than one-third of patients treated with surgery alone or clarithromycin alone. This is the largest of the nine known outbreaks of postinjection abscesses that have occurred due to rapidly growing mycobacteria and is the first in which an effective method of therapy was demonstrated. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,TYLER,TX 75710. UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,CTR PULM INFECT DIS CONTROL,TYLER,TX 75710. HOSP NINO JESUS,INTERNAL MED & INFECT DIS SECT,SECT INT CLIN,UNIDAD MED INFECTOL,BARRANQUILLA,COLOMBIA. HOSP NINO JESUS,MICROBIOL LAB,BARRANQUILLA,COLOMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 32 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1147 EP 1153 DI 10.1086/513656 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XE366 UT WOS:A1997XE36600019 PM 9195073 ER PT J AU McKinsey, DS Spiegel, RA Hutwagner, L Stanford, J Driks, MR Brewer, J Gupta, MR Smith, DL OConnor, MC Dall, L AF McKinsey, DS Spiegel, RA Hutwagner, L Stanford, J Driks, MR Brewer, J Gupta, MR Smith, DL OConnor, MC Dall, L TI Prospective study of histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Incidence, risk factors, and pathophysiology SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; NONENDEMIC AREA; ENDEMIC AREA; AIDS; FLUCONAZOLE; PREVENTION; CAPSULATUM; DIAGNOSIS AB Histoplasmosis is a common opportunistic infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who reside in areas where Histoplasma capsulatum is endemic. We undertook a prospective study of a cohort of 304 HIV-infected patients in Kansas City from October 1990 through March 1993 to define the incidence-specific risk factors, and pathophysiology of histoplasmosis. The annual incidence of histoplasmosis was 4.7%; 74% of the patients with histoplasmosis were symptomatic (all of whom had disseminated disease). A history of exposure to chicken coops, a positive baseline serology for complement-fixing antibodies to Histoplasma mycelium antigen, and a baseline CD4(+) lymphocyte count of <150/mu L were associated with an increased risk for histoplasmosis. Histoplasmin reactivity and the presence of pulmonary calcifications were not useful markers for patients at high risk. Symptomatic infection occurred in 9.9% of patients with evidence of prior exposure to H. capsulatum, in 4.0% of patients without documented prior exposure, and in 3.0% of patients who were anergic; these findings suggest that the pathophysiology of histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS involves reactivation of latent infection in some cases and dissemination of exogenously acquired infection in other cases. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,ST LUKES HOSP,INFECT DIS ASSOCIATES KANSAS CITY,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. KANSAS CITY AIDS RES CONSORTIUM,KANSAS CITY,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 45 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1195 EP 1203 DI 10.1086/513653 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XE366 UT WOS:A1997XE36600028 PM 9195082 ER PT J AU Wenger, PN Tokars, JI Brennan, P Samel, C Bland, L Miller, M Carson, L Arduino, M Edelstein, P Aguero, S Riddle, C OHara, C Jarvis, W AF Wenger, PN Tokars, JI Brennan, P Samel, C Bland, L Miller, M Carson, L Arduino, M Edelstein, P Aguero, S Riddle, C OHara, C Jarvis, W TI An outbreak of Enterobacter hormaechei infection and colonization in an intensive care nursery SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Enterobacter hormaechei was first identified as a unique species in 1989. Between 29 November 1992 and 17 March 1993, an outbreak of E. hormaechei occurred among premature infants in the intensive care nursery (ICN) at The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The 10 infants whose cultures were positive for E. hormaechei (six were infected and four were colonized) had a lower median estimated gestational age and birth weight than did other ICN infants; other risk factors for infection or colonization with E. hormaechei were not identified. Cultures from three isolettes and a doorknob in the ICN were positive for E. hormaechei. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of isolates from six patients and two isolettes were identical. Observations of health care workers revealed breaks in infection control techniques that may have allowed transmission of this organism. We found that E. hormaechei is a nosocomial pathogen that can infect vulnerable hospitalized patients and that can be transmitted from patient to patient when infection control techniques are inadequate. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOSP UNIV PENN,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. HOSP UNIV PENN,INFECT CONTROL SECT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 7 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1243 EP 1244 DI 10.1086/513650 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XE366 UT WOS:A1997XE36600037 PM 9195091 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Meador, J Maxwell, R Higgins, K Weismuller, P Onorato, IM AF Ridzon, R Meador, J Maxwell, R Higgins, K Weismuller, P Onorato, IM TI Asymptomatic hepatitis in persons who received alternative preventive therapy with pyrazinamide and ofloxacin SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 ORANGE CTY HLTH CARE AGCY,SANTA ANA,CA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1264 EP 1265 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XE366 UT WOS:A1997XE36600045 PM 9195099 ER PT J AU Schmid, I Nicholson, JKA Giorgi, JV Janossy, G Kunkl, A Lopez, PA Perfetto, S Seamer, LC Dean, PN AF Schmid, I Nicholson, JKA Giorgi, JV Janossy, G Kunkl, A Lopez, PA Perfetto, S Seamer, LC Dean, PN TI Biosafety guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; biohazard; occupational health; safety; cell sorting; aerosol containment ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INACTIVATION; SURVIVAL; AEROSOL; SPREAD AB The International Society of Analytical Cytology (ISAC) Biohazard Working Group presents guidelines for sorting of unfixed cells, including known biohazardous samples, using jet-in-air, deflected droplet cell sorters. There is a risk that personnel operating these instruments could become exposed to droplets and aerosols containing biological agents present in the samples. The following guidelines can aid in the prevention of exposures of laboratory personnel to pathogens contained in the sort samples. The document provides biosafety recommendations for sample handling, operator training and protection, laboratory facility design, and instrument setup and maintenance. In addition, it describes in detail methods for assessment of instrument aerosol containment. Recommendations provided here may also help laboratories to obtain institutional and/or regulatory agency approval for sorting of unfixed and known biohazardous samples. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. ROYAL FREE HOSP MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV GENOA,SAN MARTINO HOSP,GENOA,ITALY. CYTOMAT INC,FT COLLINS,CO. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT HIV DIS PREVENT,ROCKVILLE,MD. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Schmid, I (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT HEMATOL & ONCOL,12-236 FACTOR BLDG,10833 LE CONTE AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-16042]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-28697] NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 99 EP 117 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19970601)28:2<99::AID-CYTO2>3.0.CO;2-B PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA XC495 UT WOS:A1997XC49500002 PM 9181299 ER PT J AU Will, JC Galuska, DA Vinicor, F Calle, E AF Will, JC Galuska, DA Vinicor, F Calle, E TI Colorectal cancer (CRC): Another complication of diabetes mellitus (DM)? SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD JUN PY 1997 VL 40 SU 1 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XG123 UT WOS:A1997XG12300050 ER PT J AU Berkowitz, K Anderson, L Panayioto, R Ziemer, D Gallina, D AF Berkowitz, K Anderson, L Panayioto, R Ziemer, D Gallina, D TI Diabetes mini-residency for health professionals: Effect on knowledge, attitudes and behavior change. SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,GRADY HLTH SYST,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD JUN PY 1997 VL 40 SU 1 BP 2433 EP 2433 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XG123 UT WOS:A1997XG12302419 ER PT J AU Woodruff, TJ Grillo, J Schoendorf, KC AF Woodruff, TJ Grillo, J Schoendorf, KC TI The relationship between selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; infant mortality; particulate air pollution; postneonatal mortality ID DEATH-SYNDROME; CHILDREN; ADMISSIONS; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; UTAH AB Recent studies have found associations between particulate air pollution and total and adult mortality. The relationship between particulate air pollution and mortality among infants has not been examined in the United States, This study evaluates the relationship between postneonatal infant mortality and particulate matter in the United States. Our study involved analysis of cohorts consisting of approximately 4 million infants born between 1989 and 1991 in states that report relevant covariates; this included 86 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics-linked birth/infant death records were combined at the MSA level with measurements of particulate matter 10 mu m or less (PM10) from the EPA's Aerometric Database, Infants were categorized as having high, medium, or low exposures based on tertiles of PM10, Total and cause-specific postneonatal mortality rates were examined using logistic :regression to control for demographic and environmental factors. Overall postneonatal mortality rates were 3.1 among infants with low PM10, exposures, 3.5 among infants with medium PM10 exposures, and 3.7 among highly exposed infants. After adjustment for other covariates, the odds ratio (QR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for total postneonatal mortality for the high exposure versus the low exposure group was 1.10 (1.04, 1.16). In normal birth weight infants, high PM10 exposure was associated with respiratory causes [OR = 1.40, (1.05, 1.85)] and sudden infant death syndrome [OR = 1.26, (1.14, 1.39)]. For low birth weight babies, high PM10 exposure was associated, but not significantly, with mortality from respiratory causes [OR = 1.18, (0.86, 1.61)]. This study suggests that particulate matter is associated with risk of postneonatal mortality. Continued attention should be paid to air quality to ensure optimal health of infants in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Woodruff, TJ (reprint author), US EPA,401 M ST SW 2126,WASHINGTON,DC 20460, USA. NR 30 TC 213 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 20 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 105 IS 6 BP 608 EP 612 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA XW503 UT WOS:A1997XW50300019 PM 9288495 ER PT J AU Swerdlow, DL Malenga, G Begkoyian, G Nyangulu, D Toole, M Waldman, RJ Puhr, DND Tauxe, RV AF Swerdlow, DL Malenga, G Begkoyian, G Nyangulu, D Toole, M Waldman, RJ Puhr, DND Tauxe, RV TI Epidemic cholera among refugees in Malawi, Africa: Treatment and transmission SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; SLUMS AB Between 23 August and 15 December 1990 an epidemic of cholera affected Mozambican refugees in Malawi causing 1931 cases (attack rate = 2.4%); 86 % of patients had arrived in Malawi < 3 months before illness onset. There were 68 deaths (case-fatality rate = 3.5 %); most deaths (63 %) occurred within 24 h of hospital admission which may have indicated delayed presentation to health facilities and inadequate early rehydration. Mortality was higher in children < 4 years old and febrile deaths may have been associated with prolonged TV use. Significant risk factors for illness (P < 0.05) in two case-control studies included drinking river water (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0); placing hands into stored household drinking water (OR = 6.0); and among those without adequate firewood to reheat food, eating leftover cooked peas (OR = 8.0). Toxigenic V. cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, was isolated from patients and stored household water. The rapidity with which newly arrived refugees became infected precluded effective use of a cholera vaccine to prevent cases unless vaccination had occurred immediately upon camp arrival. Improved access to treatment and care of paediatric patients, and increased use of oral rehydration therapy, could decrease mortality. Preventing future cholera outbreaks in Africa will depend on interrupting both waterborne and foodborne transmission of this pathogen. C1 OFF UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER REFUGEES,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. MED SANS FRONTIERES,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. MINIST HLTH,LILONGWE,MALAWI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Swerdlow, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 118 IS 3 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1017/S0950268896007352 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XF455 UT WOS:A1997XF45500002 PM 9207730 ER PT J AU Banatvala, N Hlady, WG Ray, BJ McFarland, LM Thompson, S Tauxe, RV AF Banatvala, N Hlady, WG Ray, BJ McFarland, LM Thompson, S Tauxe, RV TI Vibrio vulnificus infection reporting on death certificates: The invisible impact of an often fatal infection SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; ACCURACY AB This study assessed accuracy of (a) recording Vibrio vulnificus infection on death certificates and (b) International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 codes for V. vulnificus. Patients with microbiologically confirmed V. vulnificus infection were identified as part of co-ordinated surveillance in four USA Gulf Coast states between 1989 and 1993. Of 60 deaths, 51 death certificates were reviewed and V. vulnificus was recorded as the immediate cause of death on 11 (22 %). There was no ICD-9 code for V. vulnificus infection, thus no patients had an ICD-9 code indicating V. vulnificus infection. Of 23 certificates where V. vulnificus was recorded on the death certificate, only 5 (22 %) were coded for Gram-negative, septicaemia. This study highlights the importance of teaching physicians how to provide epidemiologically meaningful data on death certificates and the need for accurate ICD mortality codes. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,AUSTIN,TX 78756. OFF PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA. ALABAMA STATE HLTH DEPT,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL. RP Banatvala, N (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 118 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1017/S0950268897007425 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XF455 UT WOS:A1997XF45500004 PM 9207732 ER PT J AU Smith, PF Grabau, JC Werzberger, A Gunn, RA Rolka, HR Kondracki, SF Gallo, RJ Morse, DL AF Smith, PF Grabau, JC Werzberger, A Gunn, RA Rolka, HR Kondracki, SF Gallo, RJ Morse, DL TI The role of young children in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; A INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; GLOBULIN; VACCINE; ANTIGEN AB An Hasidic Jewish community has experienced recurrent hepatitis A outbreaks since 1980. To assess risk factors for illness during a 1985-6 outbreak, the authors reviewed case records and randomly selected 93 households for an interview and serologic survey. In the outbreak, 117 cases of hepatitis A were identified, with the highest attack rate (4.2 %) among 3-5 year olds. Among the survey households, the presence of 3-5 year olds was the only risk factor that increased a household's risk of hepatitis A (indeterminant relative risk, P = 0.02). Furthermore, case households from the outbreak were more likely to have 3-5 year olds than were control households from the survey (odds ratio = 16.4, P < 0.001). Children 3-5 years old were more likely to have hepatitis A and may have been the most frequent transmitters of hepatitis A in this community. Hepatitis A vaccination of 3-5 year olds can protect this age group and might prevent future outbreaks in this community. C1 SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT PEDIAT,VALHALLA,NY 10595. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Smith, PF (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ROOM 503,CORNING TOWER,ESP,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 38 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 118 IS 3 BP 243 EP 252 DI 10.1017/S0950268897007462 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XF455 UT WOS:A1997XF45500007 PM 9207735 ER PT J AU Arday, DR Arday, SL Bolen, J Rhodes, L Chin, J Minor, P AF Arday, DR Arday, SL Bolen, J Rhodes, L Chin, J Minor, P TI Behavioral risk factor surveillance of aged Medicare beneficiaries, 1995 SO HEALTH CARE FINANCING REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY AB The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing State-based telephone survey of adults, administered through State health departments. The survey estimates health status and the prevalence of various risk factors among respondents, who include both fee-for-service and managed care Medicare beneficiaries. In this article the authors present an overview of the BRFSS and report 1995 regional results among respondents who were 65 years of age or over and who had health insurance. The advantages and disadvantages of using the BRFSS as a tool to monitor beneficiary health status and risk factors are also discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Arday, DR (reprint author), US HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,OFF CLIN STANDS & QUAL,7500 SECUR BLVD,S2-11-07,BALTIMORE,MD 21244, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH CARE FINANCING REVIEW PI BALTIMORE PA 7500 SECURITY BLVD, C-3-11-07, BALTIMORE, MD 21224-1850 SN 0195-8631 J9 HEALTH CARE FINANC R JI Health Care Finan. Rev. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 105 EP 123 PG 19 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA YJ634 UT WOS:A1997YJ63400008 PM 10175607 ER PT J AU Nowicki, S Ram, P Pham, T Goluszko, P Morse, S Anderson, GD Nowicki, B AF Nowicki, S Ram, P Pham, T Goluszko, P Morse, S Anderson, GD Nowicki, B TI Pelvic inflammatory disease isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are distinguished by C1q-dependent virulence for newborn rats and by the sac-4 region SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID DISSEMINATED GONOCOCCAL-INFECTION; SERUM; COMPLEMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE; HOST; C1Q AB The virulence mechanism of Neisseria in gonorrhoeae in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is not well understood, and an objective diagnostic method to identify patients with PID is lacking, We investigated the hypothesis that development of PID was associated with a C1q-dependent virulence property of gonococcal strains, Recent development of a C1q-dependent experimental model of gonococcal infection (S. Nowicki, M. Martens, and B. Nowicki, Infect. Immun. 63: 4790-4794, 1995) created an opportunity to evaluate this hypothesis in vivo. Therefore, the virulence of 32 clinical isolates (18 PID isolates and 14 local infection [LI] isolates) was evaluated in experimental rat pups, A serum bactericidal assay was used to characterize a gonococcal serum-resistant (ser(r)) phenotype, PCR primers designed to amplify a suitable-size gonococcal sac-4 DNA fragment (unique for serum-resistant donor JC1) were used to evaluate the association of serum-resistant genotype sac-1 with two phenotypes: C1q-dependent virulence expressed in vivo and resistance to bactericidal activity of human serum expressed in vitro, Strains were also characterized by auxotyping and serotyping. Of 32 gonococcal strains, 15 (46.7%) caused C1q-dependent bacteremia in rat pups and were sac-4 positive and ser(r). However, of the 15 isolates, 13 (87%) represented strains associated with human PID and 2 (13%) were associated with LI, None of the strains that were completely serum-sensitive (ser(s)) and sac-l negative produced Clq-dependent bacteremia in rat pups, suggesting that both ser(r) and sac-4 were required for infection, The serum-resistant recombinant recipient of sac-4 produced C1q-dependent bacteremia in the rat model similarly to the serum-resistant donor of sac-4; the serum-sensitive parent strain did not produce bacteremia. These data suggest that sac-4-mediated serum resistance conferred C1q-dependent virulence and is a unique characteristic associated with PID, These newly identified features may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PID-associated strains and open perspectives For establishing novel diagnostic methods. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,GALVESTON,TX 77555. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Nowicki, S (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV INFECT DIS,301 UNIV BLVD,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [NIDDKR01 DK42029] NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 6 BP 2094 EP 2099 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XB562 UT WOS:A1997XB56200015 PM 9169737 ER PT J AU Ridzon, R Kenyon, T LuskinHawk, R Schultz, C Valway, S Onorato, IM AF Ridzon, R Kenyon, T LuskinHawk, R Schultz, C Valway, S Onorato, IM TI Nosocomial transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and subsequent transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a healthcare worker SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB A phlebotomist with nosocomially acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection developed tuberculosis 10 months after exposure to multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis during a nosocomial outbreak Healthcare workers with immunosuppression are at increased risk of tuberculosis if infected and, if exposed, should be considered for preventive therapy regardless of tuberculin skin-test status. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 422 EP 423 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XC212 UT WOS:A1997XC21200006 PM 9181399 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Arbeit, RD Goering, RV AF Tenover, FC Arbeit, RD Goering, RV TI How to select and interpret molecular strain typing methods for epidemiological studies of bacterial infections: A review for healthcare epidemiologists SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MACRORESTRICTION ANALYSIS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION AB Strain typing is an integral part of epidemiological investigations of nosocomial infections. Methods for distinguishing among bacterial strains have improved dramatically over the last 5 years, due mainly to the introduction of molecular technology. Although not all molecular techniques are equally effective for typing all organisms, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the technique currently favored for most nosocomial pathogens. Criteria to aid epidemiologists in interpreting results have been published. Nucleic acid amplification-based typing methods also are applicable to many organisms and can be completed within a single day, but interpretive criteria still are under debate. Strain typing cannot be used to replace a sound epidemiological investigation, but serves as a useful adjunct to such investigations. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BOSTON,MA. CREIGHTON UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CREIGHTON,NE. UNIV TEXAS,HOUSTON,TX. MAYO CLIN,ROCHESTER,MN. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA. COOK CTY HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH G08,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 75 TC 333 Z9 368 U1 2 U2 11 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 18 IS 6 BP 426 EP 439 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA XC212 UT WOS:A1997XC21200008 PM 9181401 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Gaynes, RP AF Archibald, LK Gaynes, RP TI Hospital-acquired infections in the United States - The importance of interhospital comparisons SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL WOUND-INFECTION; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; SEVERITY; ILLNESS AB To use infection rates as a basis for measuring quality of care, the rates must be meaningful for interhospital comparison. A crude, overall nosocomial infection rate of a hospital provides no means of adjustment for patients' intrinsic or extrinsic risks. Before interhospital comparison, rates should be adjusted for nosocomial infection risk factors. Interhospital comparison of rates requires that a hospital participate in a multicenter surveillance system or aggregated national database. This article outlines a series of questions for hospital administrations to pose before entering such an endeavor. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 245 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70354-8 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XD434 UT WOS:A1997XD43400002 PM 9187945 ER PT J AU McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Control of antimicrobial resistance in the health care system. SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; DRUGS; TRANSMISSION AB Resistance continues to spread in nosocomial pathogens in acute care hospitals and other key settings of managed health care systems. Appropriate control measures for such resistant organisms depend, in part, on the pathways by which resistance has arisen. Unfortunately, these pathways differ greatly from organism to organism and setting to setting. Although the epidemiology of resistant organisms sometimes is similar to that of susceptible organisms of the same kind, in some situations it may be quite different. This article highlights some of the pathways leading to the development of resistance in bacteria and the relevance of these mechanisms to measures for the control of resistant bacteria in hospital and community settings. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,442GCR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 68 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 297 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70357-3 PG 16 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XD434 UT WOS:A1997XD43400005 PM 9187948 ER PT J AU Cardo, DM Bell, DM AF Cardo, DM Bell, DM TI Bloodborne pathogen transmission in health care workers - Risks and prevention strategies SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; NEEDLELESS INTRAVENOUS SYSTEM; B IMMUNE GLOBULIN; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; HIV-INFECTION; FINAL REPORT; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL AB Occupational transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and HIV has been documented. The risk for occupationally transmitted infection varies for these three viruses. Despite effective pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for HBV and recent recommendations for postexposure chemoprophylaxis after an HN exposure, the best approach to prevent occupational bloodborne infection is the prevention of blood exposures. Epidemiologic data of percutaneous injuries and other blood contacts have provided the basis for prevention strategies. These strategies include the development of improved engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 90 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 331 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70359-7 PG 18 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XD434 UT WOS:A1997XD43400007 PM 9187950 ER PT J AU Cookson, ST Jarvis, WR AF Cookson, ST Jarvis, WR TI Prevention of nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; CDC TB SURVEY; HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; MEMBER HOSPITALS; CONTROL PROGRAMS; BCG VACCINE AB From 1985 through 1992, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) increased in the United States. In health care settings, patients were a source of nosocomial (patient-to-patient) and occupational (patient-to-health care worker) transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Keys to preventing both means of transmission are having a high index of suspicion, rapid triage of the patient, appropriate clinical work-up, and institution of effective antituberculous therapy. Infection control personnel should ensure that infectious patients are isolated appropriately, and health care workers should be instructed in the transmission of TB, the role of respiratory protection, and the importance of periodic tuberculin skin testing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 118 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 385 EP & DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70362-7 PG 26 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA XD434 UT WOS:A1997XD43400010 PM 9187953 ER PT J AU Robbins, PA Rota, PA Shapiro, SZ AF Robbins, PA Rota, PA Shapiro, SZ TI A broad cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to influenza type B virus presented by multiple HLA molecules SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytotoxic T lymphocyte; HLA-B8; HLA-DR1; influenza B virus; peptides ID HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HEMAGGLUTININ; SEQUENCE; INFECTION; EPITOPES; PEPTIDES; PERFORIN AB The HLA restriction and epitope specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) involved in recovery from influenza type B infection have not been extensively characterized. Here lymphocytes obtained from a healthy individual contained virus-specific CTL restricted by class I HLA molecules, HLA-A1, A2, B7 and B8, and the class II HLA molecules, HLA-DR1 and DR3. Four conserved viral epitopes were predicted from allele-specific motifs for peptides interacting with HLA-B8 and HLA-DR1. Bulk CTL recognized three 9mer HLA-B8-restricted peptides from nucleoprotein, residues 30-38, 263-271 and 413-421, and a 13mer HLA-DR1-restricted peptide from hemagglutinin, residues 308-320. The epitopes presented by HLA-A1, HLA-B7 and HLA-DR3 remain undefined. Peptide-specific CTL lines recognized influenza type B virus-infected cells indicating the peptides are representative of naturally processed epitopes. A hemagglutinin peptide-specific CD4 CTL clone expressed similar to 200 molecules of perforin mRNA/cell, suggestive of a functional perforin pathway for target cell lysis. The results indicate a broad CTL response composed of both CD8 CTL and CD4 CTL recognizing viral epitopes presented by multiple HLA molecules. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Robbins, PA (reprint author), NIH,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BLDG 10,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0953-8178 J9 INT IMMUNOL JI Int. Immunol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 6 BP 815 EP 823 DI 10.1093/intimm/9.6.815 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA XE891 UT WOS:A1997XE89100002 PM 9199964 ER PT J AU vandenBroek, J Chum, HJ Swai, R OBrien, RJ AF vandenBroek, J Chum, HJ Swai, R OBrien, RJ TI Association between leprosy and HIV infection in Tanzania SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK FACTOR; TUBERCULOSIS; PREVALENCE AB Setting: An epidemiological study of the interaction of leprosy and HIV infection in Tanzania. Objective: To establish the prevalence of HIV infection among leprosy patients, and to measure the association of HIV and leprosy by comparing the HIV prevalence in leprosy patients and blood donors. Design: Testing for HIV infection in consecutively diagnosed leprosy patients (new and relapsed after MDT) in all regions in Tanzania successively for a period of 3 to 6 months during 1991, 1992 and 1993. Results: Out of the total estimated eligible leprosy patients, 697 patients (69%) entered the final analysis. The HIV prevalence among these leprosy patients was 12% (83/697) as compared to 6% (8960/158,971) in blood donors examined in Tanzania during the same period, There were no significant differences in HIV seroprevalence by age, sex, residence or type of disease. However, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the presence of a BCG scar was 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.3] among HIV-positive leprosy cases compared to HIV-negative leprosy cases, Comparing leprosy cases with blood donors as controls, the logistic regression model, controlling for sex, age group and residence, showed the OR for HIV seropositivity among leprosy patients to be 2.5 (95% CI 2.0-3.2). This association existed in all strata, but was strongest in the 15-34-year age group. No difference of HIV status between multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy could be shown to exist, The point estimate of the population attributable risk of HIV infection for leprosy was 7%. Conclusion: HIV infection is associated with leprosy and might reverse the epidemiological trend of the slow decline in case notification in Tanzania if HIV infection is increasing greatly, Previous BCG vaccination loses its protection against leprosy in the presence of HIV infection. A repeated study is recommended in order to validate these findings, whereby recording of the disability grading of the cases is necessary to adjust for delay in diagnosis. C1 MINIST HLTH,TB & LEPROSY CENT UNIT,DAR ES SALAAM,TANZANIA. ROYAL TROP INST,NL-1097 DN AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. MINIST HLTH,NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME,DAR ES SALAAM,TANZANIA. WHO,TB UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LEPROSY MISSION PI BATON ROUGE PA GWL HANSENS DISEASE CENTER, LSU VET SCHOOL, RM 11022, SOUTH STADIUM DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803-9999 SN 0148-916X J9 INT J LEPROSY JI Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 2 BP 203 EP 210 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine SC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine GA XX628 UT WOS:A1997XX62800007 PM 9251592 ER PT J AU Shin, JH Nolte, FS Morrison, CJ AF Shin, JH Nolte, FS Morrison, CJ TI Rapid identification of Candida species in blood cultures by a clinically useful PCR method SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ALBICANS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; AMPLIFICATION; DNA; FLUCONAZOLE; PATHOGENS; SPECIMENS AB Widespread use of fluconazole for the prophylaxis and treatment of candidiasis has led to a reduction in the number of cases of candidemia caused by Candida albicans but has also resulted in the emergence of candidemias caused by innately fluconazole-resistant, non-C albicans Candida species. Given the fulminant and rapidly fatal outcome of acute disseminated candidiasis, rapid identification of newly emerging Candida species in blood culture is critical for the implementation of appropriately targeted antifungal drug therapy. Therefore, we used a PCR-based assay to rapidly identify Candida species from positive blood culture bottles. This assay used fungus-specific, universal primers for DNA amplification and species-specific probes to identify C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, or C. glabrata amplicons. It also used a simpler and more rapid (1.5-h) sample preparation technique than those described previously and used detergent, heat, and mechanical breakage to recover Candida species DNA from blood cultures. A simple and rapid (3.5-h) enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA)-based format was then used for amplicon detection. One hundred fifty blood culture bottles, including 73 positive blood culture bottle sets (aerobic and anaerobic) from 31 patients with candidemia, were tested. The combined PCR and EIA methods (PCR-EIA) correctly identified all Candida species in 73 blood culture bottle sets, including bottles containing bacteria coisolated with yeasts and 3 cultures of samples from patients with mixed candidemias originally identified as single-species infections by routine phenotypic identification methods. Species identification time was reduced from a mean of 3.5 days by routine phenotypic methods to 7 h by the PCR-EIA method. No false-positive results were obtained for patients with bacteremias (n = 18), artificially produced non-Candida fungemias (n = 3), or bottles with no growth (n 20). Analytical sensitivity was 1 cell per 2-mu l sample, This method is simpler and more rapid than previously described molecular identification methods, can identify all five of the most medically important Candida species, and has the potential to be automated for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHONNAM NATL UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,KWANGJU 501190,SOUTH KOREA. EMORY UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 24 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1454 EP 1459 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XA755 UT WOS:A1997XA75500030 PM 9163461 ER PT J AU Nicholson, WL Comer, JA Sumner, JW GingrichBaker, C Coughlin, RT Magnarelli, LA Olson, JG Childs, JE AF Nicholson, WL Comer, JA Sumner, JW GingrichBaker, C Coughlin, RT Magnarelli, LA Olson, JG Childs, JE TI An indirect immunofluorescence assay using a cell culture-derived antigen for detection of antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHAGOCYTOPHILA; HORSES; EQUI; IDENTIFICATION AB An indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of human antibodies to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was developed and standardized. Antigen was prepared from a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) infected with a tick-derived isolate of the HGE agent (USG3). Suitable antigen presentation and preservation of cellular morphology were obtained when infected cells were applied and cultured on the slide, excess medium was removed, and cells were fixed with acetone. Use of a buffer containing bovine serum albumin and goat serum reduced background fluorescence, and use of an immunoglobulin G (gamma-specific) conjugate reduced nonspecific binding. The assay readily detected specific antibody from HGE patients and did not detect antibody from healthy individuals. No significant reactivity was noted in sera from patients with high titers of antibodies to other rickettsial species. We were able to identify antibodies reactive to USG3 antigen in samples from areas where HGE is endemic that had tested negative to other rickettsial agents. Animal sera reactive against Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia phagocytophila bound to the HGE antigen, indicating that the assay may be useful for veterinary use. Comparability between two different laboratories was assessed by using coded human sera exchanged between laboratories. Results from the two laboratories were similar, indicating that the assay can be easily integrated into use for routine testing for HGE. The assay was then compared to an assay using horse neutrophils infected with ehrlichiae. The two assays gave comparable results, indicating that the cell culture-derived antigen can be used for testing samples that have been previously tested with E. equi as an antigen. The new assay offers several advantages over other immunofluorescence methods that use animal-derived antigen and is suitable for use in testing for human antibodies to the HGE agent. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. AQUILA BIOPHARMACEUT INC,WORCESTER,MA 01605. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 27 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1510 EP 1516 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XA755 UT WOS:A1997XA75500040 PM 9163471 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Moura, H KovacsNace, E Wallace, S Eberhard, ML AF Visvesvara, GS Moura, H KovacsNace, E Wallace, S Eberhard, ML TI Uniform staining of Cyclospora oocysts in fecal smears by a modified safranin technique with microwave heating (vol 35, pg 731, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1648 EP 1648 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA XA755 UT WOS:A1997XA75500080 ER PT J AU Tomar, SL Winn, DM Swango, PA Giovino, GA Kleinman, DV AF Tomar, SL Winn, DM Swango, PA Giovino, GA Kleinman, DV TI Oral mucosal smokeless tobacco lesions among adolescents in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 74th General Session of the International-Association-for-Dental-Research CY MAR 13-17, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Dent Res DE smokeless tobacco; oral leukoplakia; mouth mucosa; adolescents; epidemiology ID FOLLOW-UP; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; NATURAL-HISTORY; LEUKOPLAKIA; CANCER; P53; EXPRESSION; USERS; INDIA AB The presence of oral smokeless tobacco lesions among adolescents may be an early indicator of increased risk for oral cancers. Data from the 1986-1987 National Survey of Oral Health in US School Children were used to examine the cross-sectional relationship between the use of tobacco and alcohol and the presence of white or whitish oral soft-tissue lesions. The sample included 17,027 schoolchildren (aged 12 to 17 years) who provided information on the use of snuff, chewing tobacco, cigarettes, and alcohol and who received oral clinical examinations. Smokeless tobacco lesions were detected in 1.5% of students (projects to about 300,000 nationally), including 2.9% of males and 0.1% of females. These lesions were more prevalent among whites (2.0%) than among African Americans (0.2%) or Hispanics (0.8%). Modeling with multivariate logistic regression revealed that, among white males, current snuff use was the strongest correlate of lesions [odds ratio (OR) = 18.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.5-39.8], followed by current chewing tobacco use [OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3-5.0]. Lesions were strongly associated with duration, monthly frequency, and daily minutes of use of snuff and chewing tobacco. These data suggest that snuff may be a stronger risk factor than chewing tobacco for smokeless tobacco lesions, but the use of either of these forms of oral tobacco exhibits a dose-response relationship with the occurrence of lesions. We found little evidence that the use of alcohol or cigarettes may increase the risk of smokeless tobacco lesions. Preventing smokeless tobacco lesions and their possible malignant transformation may be best accomplished among adolescents by preventing the use of snuff and chewing tobacco. C1 NIDR,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [N01-DE-62560] NR 51 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 6 BP 1277 EP 1286 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XA878 UT WOS:A1997XA87800007 PM 9168861 ER PT J AU Jin, L Brown, DWG Ramsay, MEB Rota, PA Bellini, WJ AF Jin, L Brown, DWG Ramsay, MEB Rota, PA Bellini, WJ TI The diversity of measles virus in the United Kingdom, 1992-1995 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; NUCLEOPROTEIN; CELLS AB Three distinct genotypes were identified amongst 50 measles virus (MV) strains characterized in the Uh between 1992 and 1995 by direct sequencing of the RT-PCR products amplified from clinical specimens, All three genotypes were related to viruses previously reported in the United States or in continental Europe, Phylogenetic analyses of 255 and 152 nucleotide sequences from the N and M genes, respectively, generated very similar lineages. The degree of divergence between genotypes was 3.5-16.0% and 2.6-7.9% in the N and the M genes, respectively, MV genotypes which circulated during the 1970s and 1980s in the UK were not detected in this period, Comparison of the C-terminal regions of the N gene sequences of UK strains isolated or detected between 1974 and 1995 suggests that there have been multiple genotypes of MV circulating in the UK over the past 20 years. C1 CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,ENTER & RESP VIRUS LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,CTR COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE,DIV IMMUNIZAT,LONDON NW9 5EQ,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTER VIRUS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 78 BP 1287 EP 1294 PN 6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA XD484 UT WOS:A1997XD48400013 PM 9191920 ER PT J AU Yashina, TL Favorov, MO Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA Znoiko, OO Shkurko, TV Bonafonte, T Sevall, JS Agopian, MS Peter, JB AF Yashina, TL Favorov, MO Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA Znoiko, OO Shkurko, TV Bonafonte, T Sevall, JS Agopian, MS Peter, JB TI Detection of hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA: Clinical characteristics of acute HGV infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; C VIRUS; GENOME; ASSAY; ANTIBODIES; CDNA AB The role of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in acute non-A-E hepatitis was investigated in adults with viral hepatitis. HGV RNA was present in 1 of 28 patients with non-A-E hepatitis but 9 of 22 with hepatitis C (P < .003). HGV RNA-positive patients (HGV-infected and HGV-hepatitis C virus [HCV]-coinfected) developed light-to-moderate jaundice, Clinical and biochemical features of HGV-positive and HCV-positive patients and patients with non-A, non-G hepatitis were similar. Three patients with HGV-HCV coinfection, tested within 18 months after disease onset, have remained KGV RNA-positive but have become HCV RNA-negative. Only 1 non-A-E hepatitis patient was confirmed as being infected with HGV alone, suggesting that HGV is not the main etiologic agent of non-A-E hepatitis. Although HGV RNA was significantly associated with hepatitis C, patients with mixed HCV-HGV infections did not demonstrate a more severe course of disease than did patients with HCV infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,DI IVANOVSKII VIROL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP Yashina, TL (reprint author), SPECIALTY LABS INC,2211 MICHIGAN AVE,SANTA MONICA,CA 90404, USA. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1302 EP 1307 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200003 PM 9180167 ER PT J AU Nesheim, S Lee, F Kalish, ML Ou, CY Sawyer, M Clark, S Meadows, L Grimes, V Simonds, RJ Nahmias, A AF Nesheim, S Lee, F Kalish, ML Ou, CY Sawyer, M Clark, S Meadows, L Grimes, V Simonds, RJ Nahmias, A TI Diagnosis of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection by polymerase chain reaction and p24 antigen detection after immune complex dissociation in an urban community hospital SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; CULTURE; ANTIBODY; INFANTS; CHILDREN; CLEARANCE AB Results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p24 antigen detection after immune complex dissociation (p24-ICD) were compared with antibody results after 18 months of age for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis in 345 prospectively followed, perinatally exposed infants. Of 59 infected and 286 uninfected infants tested at 1-6 months of age, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 100% and >97% for PCR and 90% and >97% for p24-ICD. Testing was done on greater than or equal to 2 occasions in the first 6 months of life in 43 infected infants; 77% had greater than or equal to 2 positive results with the same test. Of these infants, 68% had 2 positive p24-ICD tests. In uninfected infants, 96% had only negative tests; none had >1 positive. By 6 months, all uninfected infants with greater than or equal to 2 PCR results could have been diagnosed. HIV status can be determined by PCR by age 6 months in most HIV-exposed infants. p24-ICD should not be used alone, because of its lower sensitivity, but may be useful in areas without advanced laboratory support. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30335. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Nesheim, S (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30335, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU404456-06] NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1333 EP 1336 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200007 PM 9180171 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Mertz, KJ Spinola, SM Morse, SA AF Chen, CY Mertz, KJ Spinola, SM Morse, SA TI Comparison of enzyme immunoassays for antibodies to Haemophilus ducreyi in a community outbreak of chancroid in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; DIAGNOSIS; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; HUMANS; IGG AB The performance of two EIAs (adsorption EIA and lipooligosaccharide [LOS] EIA) that detect antibodies to Haemophilus ducreyi was evaluated with serum specimens obtained from 163 patients (96 with genital ulcer disease [GUD]). Paired serum specimens (initial and follow-up) were obtained from 52 of the GUD patients. By use of initial serum specimens from 82 GUD patients whose etiologic agents for their ulcers had been identified, the adsorption EIA had a sensitivity and specificity for chancroid of 53% and 71%, while the LOS EIA had a sensitivity and specificity of 48% and 89%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the adsorption ELA increased to 78% and 84%, respectively, when the results of follow-up serum specimens were used to calculate optimal performance. The proportion of patients testing positive for H. ducreyi who had anti-H. ducreyi IgG antibodies, as determined by adsorption EIA, increased with the duration of infection, thus limiting the role of EIAs in the diagnosis of chancroid. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT MED,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. INDIANA UNIV,DEPT IMMUNOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,MS G-39,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27863, AI-31494] NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1390 EP 1395 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200014 PM 9180178 ER PT J AU Fox, KK Knapp, JS Holmes, KK Hook, EW Judson, FN Thompson, SE Washington, JA Whittington, WL AF Fox, KK Knapp, JS Holmes, KK Hook, EW Judson, FN Thompson, SE Washington, JA Whittington, WL TI Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 1988-1994: The emergence of decreased susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOMALLY MEDIATED RESISTANCE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; URETHRAL GONORRHEA; STRAINS; CIPROFLOXACIN; SURVEILLANCE; OFLOXACIN; TETRACYCLINE; DETERMINANTS; NORFLOXACIN AB Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been prospectively determined in the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From 1988 through 1994, susceptibilities were determined for 35,263 isolates from 27 clinics, Patients were demographically similar to those in nationally reported gonorrhea cases, In 1994, 30.5% of isolates had chromosomally or plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin or tetracycline. Penicillin resistance increased from 1988 (8.4%) to 1991 (19.5%) and then decreased in 1994 (15.6%), Tetracycline resistance decreased from 1988 (23.4%) to 1989 (17.3%) and then increased in 1994 (21.7%). Most isolates (99.9%) were highly susceptible to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin increased from 1991 (0.4%) to 1994 (1.3%); 4 isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant. Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains may not respond to therapy with recommended doses of fluoroquinolones, and the clinical importance of strains with decreased susceptibility is unknown. The emergence of fluoroquiuolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in the United States threatens the future utility of this class of antimicrobials for gonorrhea therapy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,DIV STD PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHANCROID BRANCH,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV N CAROLINA,DIV INFECT DIS,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS STD,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV ALABAMA,DIV INFECT DIS,BIRMINGHAM,AL. JEFFERSON CTY DEPT HLTH,BIRMINGHAM,AL. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80262. CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. NR 51 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1396 EP 1403 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200015 PM 9180179 ER PT J AU Fritz, CL Kjemtrup, AM Conrad, PA Flores, GR Campbell, GL Schriefer, ME Gallo, D Vugia, DJ AF Fritz, CL Kjemtrup, AM Conrad, PA Flores, GR Campbell, GL Schriefer, ME Gallo, D Vugia, DJ TI Seroepidemiology of emerging tickborne infectious diseases in a northern California community SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; IXODES-DAMMINI; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; TICK; ANTIBODIES; VECTOR AB A seroprevalence and risk factor study of emerging tickborne infectious diseases (Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis, and babesiosis) was conducted among 230 residents of a semirural community in Sonoma County, California, Over 50% of residents reported finding a tick on themselves in the preceding 12 months. Samples from 51 (23%) residents were seroreactive to antigens from one or more tickborne disease agents: 1.4% to Borrelia burgdorferi, 0.4% to Ehrlichia equi, 4.6% to Ehrlichia chaffeensis and 17.8% to the Babesia-like piroplasm WA1. Only 14 (27%) of these seroreactive residents reported one or more symptoms compatible with these diseases. Seroreactivity was significantly associated with younger age (<16 years), longer residence in the community (11-20 years), and having had a physician's diagnosis of Lyme disease, In northern California, the risk of infection with these emerging tickborne diseases, particularly in children, may be greater than previously recognized. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA. SONOMA CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PUBL HLTH DIV,SANTA ROSA,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94704. OI Kjemtrup, Anne/0000-0002-5788-7621 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01280-02, AI-34427-10] NR 59 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1439 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200019 PM 9180183 ER PT J AU Braden, CR Templeton, GL Cave, MD Valway, S Onorato, IM Castro, KG Moers, D Yang, ZH Stead, WW Bates, JH AF Braden, CR Templeton, GL Cave, MD Valway, S Onorato, IM Castro, KG Moers, D Yang, ZH Stead, WW Bates, JH TI Interpretation of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a state with a large rural population SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; STABILITY; OUTBREAK; MARKERS; IS6110; TOOL; RISK AB Epidemiologic relatedness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Arkansas residents diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1992-1993 was assessed using IS6110- and pTBN1Z-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and epidemiologic investigation. Patients with isolates having similar IS6110 patterns had medical records reviewed and were interviewed to identify epidemiologic links. Complete RFLP analyses were obtained for isolates of 235 patients; 78 (33%) matched the pattern of greater than or equal to 1 other isolate, forming 24 clusters. Epidemiologic connections were found for 33 (42%) of 78 patients in 11 clusters, Transmission of M. tuberculosis likely occurred many years in the past for 5 patients in 2 clusters, Of clusters based only on IS6110 analyses, those with greater than or equal to 6 IS6110 copies had both a significantly greater proportion of isolates that matched by pTBN12 analysis and patients with epidemiologic connections, indicating IS6110 patterns with few bands lack strain specificity. Secondary RFLP analysis increased specificity, but most clustered patients still did not appear to be epidemiologically related. RFLP clustering in rural areas may not represent recent transmission. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,JOHN L MCCLELLAN MEM VET HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP Braden, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DTBE,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,MAIL STOP E10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01136] NR 28 TC 169 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1446 EP 1452 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200021 PM 9180185 ER PT J AU Townes, JM Quick, R Gonzales, OY Linares, M Damiani, E Bopp, CA Wahlquist, SP Hutwagner, LC Hanover, E Mintz, ED Tauxe, RV AF Townes, JM Quick, R Gonzales, OY Linares, M Damiani, E Bopp, CA Wahlquist, SP Hutwagner, LC Hanover, E Mintz, ED Tauxe, RV TI Etiology of bloody diarrhea in Bolivian children: Implications for empiric therapy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 17-22, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID DIAGNOSIS AB In Bolivia, few data are available to guide empiric therapy for bloody diarrhea, A study was conducted between December 1994 and April 1995 to identify organisms causing bloody diarrhea in Bolivian children. Rectal swabs from children < 5 years old with bloody diarrhea were examined for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter organisms; fecal specimens were examined for Entamoeba histolytica. A bacterial pathogen was identified in specimens from 55 patients (41%). Shigella organisms were found in 39 specimens (29%); 37 isolates (95%) were resistant to ampicillin, 35 (90%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 24 (62%) to chloramphenicol, but all were susceptible to nalidixic acid, Only 1 of 133 stool specimens contained E. histolytica trophozoites. Multidrug-resistant Shigella species are a frequent cause of bloody diarrhea in Bolivian children; E. histolytica is uncommon, Clinical predictors described in this study may help identify patients most likely to have Shigella infection, Laboratory surveillance is essential to monitor antimicrobial resistance and guide empiric treatment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL & DIAGNOST BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROYECTO SALUD INFANTIL & COMUNITARIA,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. INST NACL LABS SALUD,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. RP Townes, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP A-38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1527 EP 1530 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XC322 UT WOS:A1997XC32200036 PM 9180200 ER PT J AU Noel, JS Liu, BL Humphrey, CD Rodriguez, EM Lambden, PR Clarke, IN Dwyer, DM Ando, T Glass, RI Monroe, SS AF Noel, JS Liu, BL Humphrey, CD Rodriguez, EM Lambden, PR Clarke, IN Dwyer, DM Ando, T Glass, RI Monroe, SS TI Parkville virus: A novel genetic variant of human calicivirus in the Sapporo virus clade, associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in adults SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE calicivirus; SRSV; Norwalk virus; genome; sequence analysis ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; HUMAN ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CAPSID PROTEIN; HAWAII VIRUS; SEQUENCE; DISTINCT; ANTIBODY AB This report describes the characterization of Parkville virus, the etiologic agent of an outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis, that has the morphology of a calicivirus and genetic properties that distinguish it from previously identified strains in the Sapporo/Manchester virus clade. Sequence analysis of the Parkville virus genome showed it contained the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs GLPSG and YGDD characteristic of members of the family Caliciviridae with an organization identical to that reported for the Manchester virus where the capsid region of the polyprotein is fused to the RNA polymerase. Parkville virus however, demonstrates considerable sequence divergence from both the Manchester and Sapporo caliciviruses, providing the first indications that genetic diversity exists within caliciviruses of this previously homogeneous clade. On the basis of recent advances in the genetic characterization of members of the family Caliciviridae, we propose a new interim phylogenetic classification system in which Parkville virus would be included with Manchester and Sapporo virus as a separate group distinct from the small round-structured viruses (Norwalk-like viruses) that also cause diarrhea in humans. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,SOUTHAMPTON GEN HOSP,SCH MED,MOL MICROBIOL GRP,SOUTHAMPTON,HANTS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. RP Noel, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT G04,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 41 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 52 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199706)52:2<173::AID-JMV10>3.3.CO;2-6 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA XB771 UT WOS:A1997XB77100010 PM 9179765 ER PT J AU Koemeester, AP Leegwater, A Broersen, JPJ Hoekstra, EJ AF Koemeester, AP Leegwater, A Broersen, JPJ Hoekstra, EJ TI Physical work load and the onset of maternity leave SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE physical work load; pregnancy leave; work attendance; job adaptations ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; PREGNANCY AB This study assesses the impact of performing physical job tasks at work during pregnancy. A prospective follow-up study was conducted among nurses and office workers. At 15 weeks of gestation, all participants were asked to describe their regular job tasks, the physical activities involved and their-exposure to other occupational stressors. The physical activities identified were walking, standing, lifting, stooping squatting, and sitting. Job adaptations were frequently realized for nurses. Despite these adaptations, from 23 weeks of gestation, and on, significantly more nurses had stopped working compared to office workers. From this point in gestation 44% of the nurses were performing their work as usual compared to 75% of the office workers. These results suggest that, if appropriate job adaptations are not possible, the onset of maternity leave should be regulated according to the level of physical effort required by the work. In addition, withdrawal from work due to the combination of pregnancy and physical workload could be minimized by a change in job tasks from the fifth month of gestation, allowing only office duties from then on. C1 CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Koemeester, AP (reprint author), UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,CORONEL INST,DEPT ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,MEIBERGDREEF 15,NL-1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 1053-0487 J9 J OCCUP REHABIL JI J. Occup. Rehabil. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 7 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1007/BF02765878 PG 8 WC Rehabilitation; Social Issues SC Rehabilitation; Social Issues GA XV856 UT WOS:A1997XV85600002 ER PT J AU Carlton, JE Dodson, TB Cleveland, JL Lockwood, SA AF Carlton, JE Dodson, TB Cleveland, JL Lockwood, SA TI Percutaneous injuries during oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures SO JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY LA English DT Article ID OPERATING-ROOM PERSONNEL; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; BLOOD CONTACT; EXPOSURE; RISK AB Purpose: This study estimated the frequency of percutaneous injuries (Pls) to dental health-care workers during oral and maxillofacial surgery and examined the circumstances surrounding the incidents. Material and Methods: A self-reported, prospective study was conducted to document Pls incurred during oval and maxillofacial surgery performed on outpatients and inpatients over 1-month and 6-month periods, respectively. Among the study variables examined were the numbers of patients treated, number and types of procedures performed, duration of treatment, numbers and types of health care workers at risk, treatment setting, and number of injuries. Results: Four injuries were recorded during 362 operating room procedures on 236 inpatients, for a rate of 1.1 Pls per 100 procedures (95% confidence interval: 0.3 to 2.8) and 1.7 Pls per 100 patients (95% confidence interval. 0.5 to 4.6). These four injuries occurred during 1,665 person-procedures (mean number of workers present at each procedure times the total number of procedures) for a rate of 0.24 Pls per 100 person-procedures (95% confidence interval. 0.1 to 1.0), Three injuries took place during fracture reductions; two were caused by surgical wire and the third by a needlepoint Bovie tip, One injury occurred during orthognathic surgery and involved a Woodson elevator. Residents recorded no injuries while treating 521 outpatients (0 Pls per 100 patients; 95% confidence interval, 0 to 0.6). Conclusion: The results support previous findings that Pls rarely occur during outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. However, the findings suggest that operating room procedures for oral and maxillofacial surgery that use wire or involve fracture reduction may be associated with an increased risk of injury. Strategies such as using a cork or sponge to cap sharp wives or instruments, and protecting hands and fingers by double gloving, may be used to decrease the risk of Pi. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,DIV ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURG,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ORAL HLTH PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0278-2391 J9 J ORAL MAXIL SURG JI J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 6 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1016/S0278-2391(97)90481-X PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA XD372 UT WOS:A1997XD37200005 PM 9191635 ER PT J AU Lambert, G Thea, DM Pliner, V Steketee, RW Abrams, EJ Matheson, P Thomas, PA Greenberg, B Brown, TM Bamji, M Kalish, ML Beatrice, S Chiasson, MA Debernardo, E McVeigh, K ODonnell, R Oleszko, W Punsalang, A Alford, T Belmore, A Betre, A Capelli, M Carrasquillo, N Courtland, R Cruz, N Floyd, J FoyeSousou, V Gonzalez, C Jackson, L Jessop, DJ Lopez, D Macias, L Ng, D Weedon, J Young, S Zhang, ZR Allen, M Borkowsky, W Hoover, W Krasinski, K Pollack, H Champion, S Freedland, C Heagarty, M Prince, P Suarez, M Chow, J Kaul, A Nachman, S Shah, K Ahmed, S Agostin, E Henriquez, R Sacharzky, E Losub, S Brotman, R Blanch, S Brutus, J Day, C Hutson, D Rhinehart, W Simon, R Turkell, V Grimm, KT Crane, M Campbell, P Davila, S Dobrosyzcki, J Grant, D Hand, I Harris, A Nieves, M Solomon, L Steiner, A Wiznia, A Brooks, G Nicholson, M Mayers, M Naccarato, M Schoenbaum, E Sivappalasingham, M George, JR Kilbourne, B Ou, CY Rapier, J Petent, J Schable, C Shaffer, N Smith, L AF Lambert, G Thea, DM Pliner, V Steketee, RW Abrams, EJ Matheson, P Thomas, PA Greenberg, B Brown, TM Bamji, M Kalish, ML Beatrice, S Chiasson, MA Debernardo, E McVeigh, K ODonnell, R Oleszko, W Punsalang, A Alford, T Belmore, A Betre, A Capelli, M Carrasquillo, N Courtland, R Cruz, N Floyd, J FoyeSousou, V Gonzalez, C Jackson, L Jessop, DJ Lopez, D Macias, L Ng, D Weedon, J Young, S Zhang, ZR Allen, M Borkowsky, W Hoover, W Krasinski, K Pollack, H Champion, S Freedland, C Heagarty, M Prince, P Suarez, M Chow, J Kaul, A Nachman, S Shah, K Ahmed, S Agostin, E Henriquez, R Sacharzky, E Losub, S Brotman, R Blanch, S Brutus, J Day, C Hutson, D Rhinehart, W Simon, R Turkell, V Grimm, KT Crane, M Campbell, P Davila, S Dobrosyzcki, J Grant, D Hand, I Harris, A Nieves, M Solomon, L Steiner, A Wiznia, A Brooks, G Nicholson, M Mayers, M Naccarato, M Schoenbaum, E Sivappalasingham, M George, JR Kilbourne, B Ou, CY Rapier, J Petent, J Schable, C Shaffer, N Smith, L TI Effect of maternal CD4(+) cell count, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and viral load on disease progression in infants with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 INFECTION; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; MOTHERS; VIREMIA AB Among a cohort of 152 infants perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and their mothers, we correlated infant outcome with maternal CD4(+) lymphocyte count and the presence of maternal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome near delivery. In a subset of 50 mother-infant pairs, we also correlated infant outcome with maternal quantitative viral burden as measured by the nucleic acid sequence based amplification system, We found that low maternal CD4(+) cell count and high viral burden were associated with decreased time to category C disease or death in infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1, In a multivariate analysis, high maternal viral load and maternal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were independently associated with shorter time to category C disease or death in infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, High viral load in pregnant women, independent of the presence of advanced maternal disease, appears to increase the risk of rapidly progressive disease in their infected offspring. C1 HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, BRONX, NY USA. MED & HLTH RES ASSOC NEW YORK, NEW YORK, NY USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, BRONX, NY USA. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, NEW YORK, NY USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP Lambert, G (reprint author), BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, 1650 GRAND SELWYN AVE, MILSTEIN 10C, BRONX, NY 10457 USA. RI Thomas, Patricia/F-9978-2013 OI Thomas, Patricia/0000-0002-9390-3676 FU PHS HHS [U64CCU 200937] NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 130 IS 6 BP 890 EP 897 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(97)70274-9 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XE502 UT WOS:A1997XE50200012 PM 9202610 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Gillum, BS Francis, CK AF Gillum, RF Gillum, BS Francis, CK TI Coronary revascularization and cardiac catheterization in the United States: Trends in racial differences SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; OF-VETERANS-AFFAIRS; HEART-DISEASE; BLACK POPULATIONS; BYPASS-SURGERY; ANGIOGRAPHY; RATES; ANGIOPLASTY; RACE AB Objectives. We sought to determine whether racial differences in rates of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and cardiac catheterization decreased after 1980. Background. Many reports of racial differences in utilization of CABG have been published since 1982. However, changes in the relative utilization of revascularization over time have received little attention. Methods. Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey were examined for the years 1980 through 1993. Estimated numbers of procedures performed in nonfederal U.S. hospitals were used to compute age-adjusted rates per 100,000 population by year and race for patients 35 to 84 years old. Results. In patients 35 to 84 years old, the rate of CABG increased in blacks and whites between 1980 and 1993. Between 1986 and 1993, there was little change in the black/white ratio of age-adjusted rates (0.23 in 1980 through 1985 combined, 0.38 i in 1986 and 0.43 in 1993). An apparent increase from 0.23 in 1980 through 1985 combined may have been due to sampling variation. Despite rapid increases in rates of PTCA in both races, no increase in the black/white ratio was noted (0.57 in 1993). However, the rate of inpatient cardiac catheterization increased more rapidly in blacks than in whites. This resulted in an increase in the black/white ratio of age-adjusted rates from 0.42 in 1980 to 0.91 in 1993. Conclusions. Rates of CABG, cardiac catheterization and especially PTCA increased between 1980 and 1993, a period during which racial disparities in the procedures became widely known, Despite apparent increases in the black/white ratio for inpatient cardiac catheterization, large racial disparities in the utilization of CABG and PTCA persist and require further evaluation and possible intervention. (C) 1997 by the American College of Cardiology. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 32 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1557 EP 1562 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XB643 UT WOS:A1997XB64300023 PM 9180119 ER PT J AU Herndon, JG Helmick, CG Sattin, RW Stevens, JA DeVito, C Wingo, PA AF Herndon, JG Helmick, CG Sattin, RW Stevens, JA DeVito, C Wingo, PA TI Chronic medical conditions and risk of fall injury events at home in older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PATIENTS; HIP FRACTURE; COMMUNITY; DISEASE; PEOPLE; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between selected chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and fall injury events at home among community-dwelling older persons. DESIGN: Population-based case-control study. SETTING: The general community. PARTICIPANTS: Persons aged 65 and older living at home, excluding those using a wheelchair; 467 cases and 691 control subjects were studied. MEASUREMENTS: The main independent variables were self-reported histories of 10 CMCs: diabetes, high blood pressure, anemia, heart attack, Parkinson's disease, stroke, emphysema, cancer (other than skin), cataracts, and glaucoma. RESULTS: The final multivariate model included variables for age, sex, body mass, dependency in activities of daily living, current exercise (three or more times per week), mental status scores, and three CMCs. Persons with a history of stroke or anemia had an increased risk of a fall injury event: for stroke the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) equalled 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-3.0); for anemia the aOR equalled 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0-2.2). Those with a history of high blood pressure had decreased risk (aOR =.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: Persons 65 and older with a self-reported history of anemia or stroke are at increased risk of a fall injury event in the home, whereas those with a self-reported history of high blood pressure are at decreased risk. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MIAMI UNIV,DEPT FAMILY MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,MIAMI,FL. AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP Herndon, JG (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DIV NEUROBIOL,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU400728] NR 31 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 6 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA XD361 UT WOS:A1997XD36100013 PM 9180670 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Rangel, YN AF Clark, GG Rangel, YN TI Mosquito Vector Control and Biology in Latin America - A Seventh Symposium SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The seventh annual Spanish language symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was herd as part of the 63rd Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, UT, in March 1997. The principal objective, as for the previous 6 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 33 presentations that were given in Spanish by participants from 7 countries in Latin America and the USA. The symposium included the following topics: ecological and generic studies of anopheline vectors of malaria, laboratory and field evaluations of chemical and biological control methods for several mosquito species, and ecological studies of Aedes aegypti. C1 CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,INST ZOOL TROP,LAB BIOL VECTORES,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DENGUE BRANCH,2 CALLE CASIA,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 13 IS 2 BP 113 EP 126 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XM716 UT WOS:A1997XM71600001 ER PT J AU Kosoy, MY Slonova, RA Mills, JN Mandel, E Childs, JE AF Kosoy, MY Slonova, RA Mills, JN Mandel, E Childs, JE TI Community structure and prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents: A geographic division of the enzootic area in far eastern Russia SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hantavirus; rodent community; geographic division; Russia ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAAN VIRUS; USSR; BUNYAVIRIDAE; SEROTYPES; AGENT AB The results of an extensive rodent trapping effort throughout the southern part of far eastern Russia and hantavirus antigen screening of tissues were used to develop a multifaceted approach for the geographic division of the enzootic territory of hantavirus. Four species of rodents (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus peninsulae, Microtus fortis, and Clethrionomys rufocanus) comprised 88.5 percent of 10,595 captured rodents and 94.1 percent of 996 antigen-positive animals. Rodent fauna and rhp prevalence and distribution of hantavirus antigen-positive animals were compared among major biotic communities in the region. The species composition of the rodent communities and the predominant hantavirus reservoir species were used as criteria to define zones with similar enzootic characteristics. C1 RES INST EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL,VLADIVOSTOK 960028,RUSSIA. RP Kosoy, MY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 52 EP 63 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XJ184 UT WOS:A1997XJ18400008 PM 9221739 ER PT J AU Madon, MB Hitchcock, JC Davis, RM Myers, CM Smith, CR Fritz, CL Emery, KW ORullian, W AF Madon, MB Hitchcock, JC Davis, RM Myers, CM Smith, CR Fritz, CL Emery, KW ORullian, W TI An overview of plague in the United States and a report of investigations of two human cases in Kern county, California, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plague; epizootic; wild rodents; carnivores; fleas ID CATS AB Plague was confirmed in the United States from nine western states during 1995. Evidence of Yersinia pestis infection was identified in 28 species of wild or domestic mammals. Thirteen of the plague positive species were wild rodents; 15 were predators/carnivores. Yersinia pestis was isolated from eight species of fleas. Seven confirmed cases of human plague were reported in 1995 (New Mexico 3; California 2; Arizona and Oregon 1 each). Five of the seven cases were bubonic; one was septicemic and one a fatal pneumonic case. Months of onset ranged from March through August. In California, during 1995, plague was recorded from 15 of the 58 counties. Over 1,500 animals were tested, of which 208 were plague positive. These included 144 rodents and 64 predators/carnivores. Two confirmed human cases (one bubonic and one fatal pneumonic) occurred, both in Kern County. Case No. I was reported from the town of Tehachapi. The patient, a 23 year-old male resident, died following a diagnosis of plague pneumonia. The patient's source of plague infection could not be determined precisely. Field investigations revealed an extensive plague epizootic surrounding Tehachapi, an area of approximately 500-600 square miles (800-970 square kilometers). Case No. 2 was a 57 year-old female diagnosed with bubonic plague; she was placed on an antibiotic regimen and subsequently recovered. The patient lives approximately 20 miles (32 km.) north of Tehachapi. Field investigations revealed evidence of a plague epizootic in the vicinity of the victim's residence and adjacent areas. Overall results of the joint field investigations throughout the entire Kern county area revealed a high rate of plague positive animals. Of the numerous samples submitted, 48 non-human samples were plague positive. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,VECTOR BORNE DIS SECT,REDDING,CA 96001. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Madon, MB (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,VECTOR BORNE DIS SECT,4840 MARKET ST,SUITE D,ONTARIO,CA 93003, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XJ184 UT WOS:A1997XJ18400011 PM 9221742 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Marsh, JVR Madans, JH AF Brett, KM Marsh, JVR Madans, JH TI Epidemiology of hysterectomy in the United States: Demographic and reproductive factors in a nationally representative sample SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; WOMEN; AUSTRALIA; COHORT AB We describe the epidemiology of hysterectomy, overall as well as for specific indications. Data were obtained from the Epidemiologic Follow-up to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative cohort followed prospectively from the mid-1970s through 1992. Black and white women 25-49 years of age, interviewed during follow-up, were included in the analyses. The probability of undergoing a hysterectomy was estimated by demographic and reproductive factors. Hysterectomy as confirmed by hospital records was our main outcome measure. We found that women who had completed 9-11 years of education were more likely to have undergone a hysterectomy than were women with either more or less education. Women who had completed 9-11 years of education were also more likely to have had a hysterectomy because of menstrual problems. Three or more miscarriages, especially if caused by uterine prolapse, increased the probability of hysterectomy. Having had no live births decreased the probability of hysterectomy for menstrual disorders and uterine prolapse, but women who had their first child before age 20 were at increased risk of hysterectomy because of endometriosis. Hysterectomy appears to be associated with low education, high parity, and a history of multiple miscarriages. The influence of these factors varies depending on the primary indication for the hysterectomy. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT BIOSTAT,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 730,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 24 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1059-7115 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 1997 VL 6 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1089/jwh.1997.6.309 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA XG188 UT WOS:A1997XG18800016 PM 9201665 ER PT J AU Green, RJ AF Green, RJ TI Developing and implementing personnel safety programs .2. Safety training and education in animal research SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article RP Green, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HLTH & SAFETY,1600 CLIFTON RD,F05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 27 EP 29 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XD427 UT WOS:A1997XD42700005 ER PT J AU Lerche, NW Cotterman, RF Dobson, MD Yee, JL Rosenthal, AN Heneine, WM AF Lerche, NW Cotterman, RF Dobson, MD Yee, JL Rosenthal, AN Heneine, WM TI Screening for simian type-D retrovirus infection in macaques, using nested polymerase chain reaction SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS; DNA; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; PCR AB A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of macaques infected with simian type-D retrovirus (SRV/D). Primers were designed to amplify gag gene sequences of SRV/D serotype 1, 2, and 3 viral genomes and were used in a single assay for simultaneous detection of infection with SRV/D-1, SRV/D-2, or SRV/D-3. Results of plasmid dilution studies indicate sensitivity of nested PCR in the range of I to 10 genomic copies. The PBMC samples from 395 macaques of unknown SRV/D status, obtained from several primate facilities, were tested in parallel by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis, virus isolation, and nested PCR. Infection was detected in 60 (15.2%) animals by nested PCR, in 40 (10.1%) animals by virus isolation, and in 28 (7.1%) animals by immunoblot. All 40 culture-positive samples were positive by nested PCR. in addition, 11 of 23 immunoblot-positive/virus isolation-negative samples, 2 of 20 immunoblot-indeterminate/virus isolation-negative samples, and 7 of 312 immunoblot-negative/virus isolation-negative samples were identified as positive by nested PCR Nested PCR is a sensitive and specific assay for simultaneous screening for infection with serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of simian type D retrovirus, and is a powerful tool for rapid screening and surveillance in macaque colonies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV AIDS SEXUAL TRANSMIT DIS & TUBERCUL LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Lerche, NW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,APPL VIROL & SPECIAL PATHOGENS SECT,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00169, RR-08877] NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA XH887 UT WOS:A1997XH88700004 PM 9241627 ER PT J AU Brydak, LB RokickaMilewska, R Jackowska, T Rudnicka, H Regnery, H Cox, N AF Brydak, LB RokickaMilewska, R Jackowska, T Rudnicka, H Regnery, H Cox, N TI Kinetics of humoral response in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia immunized with influenza vaccine in 1993 in Poland SO LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA LA English DT Article DE leukemia; influenza; HI antibody; NI antibody; geometric mean titre (GMT) ID PREVENTION; THERAPY AB A total of 49 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were immunized with a purified sub-virion trivalent influenza vaccine (Wyeth-USA) and monitored for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) antibodies before vaccination, and then three weeks and six months after vaccination. Results for HI antibodies were evaluated as geometric mean titre (GMT), mean fold antibody increase (MFI), protection and response rates and those for NI antibodies as geometric mean titre (GMT) and mean fold antibody increase (MFI). Six months after vaccination GMT for hemagglutinin 1 (HI) was much higher than previous values. GMT for hemagglutinin 3 (H3) and hemagglutinin B (HE) was lower than three weeks after vaccination, but much higher than the original values. In the control group GMT for H1 was on a low level all the time and for H3 and HE it was lower when compared with the original values. The proportion of vaccines to antibodies greater than or equal to 40 ranged between 45% and 88%. Six months after vaccination GMT for neuraminidase I (N1) increased when compared with the second sampling; for neuraminidase 2 (N2) and neuraminidase B (NB) it was slightly lower. In the control group GMT for all antigens was on a low level all the time. The results point to a significant seroconversion for both components after vaccination when compared with the control group. C1 MED ACAD WARSAW,DEPT PEDIAT HEMATOL & ONCOL,WARSAW,POLAND. NATL INST HYG,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PL-00791 WARSAW,POLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,POLAND & INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Brydak, LB (reprint author), NATL INST HYG,DEPT VIROL,NATL INFLUENZA CTR WHO,UL CHOCINSKA 24,PL-00791 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1042-8194 J9 LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA JI Leuk. Lymphoma PD JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA XL873 UT WOS:A1997XL87300020 PM 9250801 ER PT J AU Weller, SC Ruebush, TR Klein, RE AF Weller, SC Ruebush, TR Klein, RE TI Predicting treatment-seeking behavior in Guatemala: A comparison of the health services research and decision-theoretic approaches SO MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY QUARTERLY LA English DT Article DE treatment choices; Guatemala; Latin America; decision model; health services utilization ID UNITED-STATES; CARE; DETERMINANTS; COMMUNITY; ACCESS; CHOICE AB This study attempts to identify and describe factors associated with the choice of a health care source in rural Guatemala. Because of limited choice options, rural Guatemala makes an excellent location for studying the factors that affect utilization patterns. Illness case histories were collected from a random sample of 270 households in six villages. Then, two different methodological approaches were used to predict treatment actions. First, a sociobehavioral model, which encompasses enabling, predisposing, and need factors, was used to predict treatment choices. Using discriminant analysis we identified factors associated with the use of home remedies, a pharmacy, the health post, a physician, or folk healer. In a second, parallel study, descriptive interviews were used to identify important factors in choosing a treatment strategy. From these interviews, and from responses to hypothetical illness cases, we developed a decision model of treatment actions. Both models were tested against the set of illness cases. Results indicate that both approaches identify similar variables (especially, severity), although selection of variables through the multivariate analysis was much more successful in predicting treatment actions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV VALLE GUATEMALA,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT GUATEMALA,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP Weller, SC (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOC PI ARLINGTON PA 4350 NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVE SUITE 640, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 SN 0745-5194 J9 MED ANTHROPOL Q JI Med. Anthropol. Q. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 224 EP 245 DI 10.1525/maq.1997.11.2.224 PG 22 WC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Anthropology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA XR865 UT WOS:A1997XR86500006 PM 9186962 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Madans, JH AF Brett, KM Madans, JH TI Differences in use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy by black and white women SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; estrogen replacement therapy; menopause; blacks; whites ID ESTROGEN USE; ENDOMETRIAL CANCER; HIP FRACTURE; RACE; MORTALITY; BENEFITS; RECORDS; RISKS AB The purpose of this study is to investigate differential use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by race after controlling for family income and education, Data from the Epidemiologic Followup to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS), a nationally representative cohort followed from the mid-1970s until 1992, were analyzed to address this question. Included in the analysis are women who became menopausal during the year of their baseline examination or during followup, had answered questions about their HRT use, and were either black or white. After controlling for education, body mass index, and history of bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy, black women were 60% less likely to have ever taken HRT than white women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-0.55). Furthermore, even among the women who did take HRT at some point, black women were less than half as likely as white women to have continued use of the therapy for five or more years (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.29-0.68). These data suggest that black women, regardless of educational level, are less likely to use HRT, and those that do are less likely to continue long enough to affect their probability of these diseases. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 730,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 4 IS 2 BP 66 EP 70 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XE071 UT WOS:A1997XE07100002 ER PT J AU Butler, JC AF Butler, JC TI Epidemiology of pneumococcal serotypes and conjugate vaccine formulations SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Streptococcous Pneumoniae: Molecular Biology and Mechanisms of Disease: Update for the 1990's CY SEP 29, 1996 CL OEIRAS, PORTUGAL ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; CHILDREN; MENINGITIS; CHILDHOOD; FAILURE AB The incidence of bacteremia and meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae is highest among preschool-age children, particularly those <2 years of age, Clinical trials of capsular polysaccharide vaccines among young children have been disappointing, Conjugation of bacterial polysaccharides to proteins can increase antibody responses following vaccination of young children, Most conjugate vaccines proposed to date have been seven-valent. To identify serotypes most commonly associated with infection in young children, we serotyped pneumococcal isolates submitted to the CDC through national surveillance from 3884 children <6 years old with pneumococcal bacteremia (n = 3169), meningitis (n = 401), or, otitis media (n = 314) from 1978 to 1994. Seven serotypes (14, 6B, 19F, 18C, 23F, 4, and 9V) accounted for 3045 (78%) isolates, A conjugate pneumococcal vaccine protecting against these seven serotypes and serologically cross-reactive serotypes could potentially prevent 86% of bacteremia, 83% of meningitis, and 65% of otitis media cases, The proportion of isolates covered by such a vaccine increased from 78% to 87% from 1978 to 1994. Of 70 isolates submitted during 1992-1994 which were nonsusceptible to penicillin (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] > 0.1 mu g/mL, 56 (80%) were among the seven most prevalent serotypes, All 21 isolates resistant to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 2.0 mu g/mL) were among these seven serotypes. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP C-23,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 44 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD SUM PY 1997 VL 3 IS 2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1089/mdr.1997.3.125 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XE762 UT WOS:A1997XE76200003 PM 9185138 ER PT J AU Lin, CY Lin, CC Chang, GJJ King, CC AF Lin, CY Lin, CC Chang, GJJ King, CC TI Defect of cell-mediated immune response against hepatitis B virus: An indication for pathogenesis of hepatitis-B-virus-associated membranous nephropathy SO NEPHRON LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus membranous nephropathy; HBe circulating immune complex; HBcAg-expressing lymphoblastoid cell lines; cytotoxicity ID CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CYTO-TOXICITY; CORE ANTIGEN; INFECTION; HEPATOCYTES; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS AB To elucidate the questions of why not all patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection develop HBV membranous nephropathy (HBVMN), we first measured serum HBe circulating immune complex (CIC) during the acute nephrotic phase of HBVMN and in HBV carriers, We found that the level of HBe CIC was low in the HBVMN patients and absent either in HBsAg+/HBeAg+ patients without HBVMN or HBsAg+/HBeAg- asymptomatic carriers, Second, we needed to characterize the cellular immune response to HBV in patients with HBVMN, However, lack of a suitable autologous effector/target cell system makes a precise study of HBVMN pathogenesis difficult. In the present study, we established a model system by using autologous HBcAg-expressing Epstein-Barr-virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) as stimulator/target cells, Both proliferative response after stimulation with HBcAg and cytotoxic activity against autologous HBcAg-expressing LCL of the peripheral blood T cells obtained from the HBVMN patients and HBsAg carriers could be measured, Using autologous HBcAg-expressing LCL as stimulator/target cells for the study of HBcAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. we found that HBVMN patients had lower cytotoxic activity than did both HBV carriers and HBsAg-/HBsAb+, HBeAg-/HBeAb+ children, From the in vitro cytokine production study of peripheral blood T cells after stimulation with HBcAg, we found that T-helper-cell-1-related IL-2 and IFN-gamma productions were very low in HBVMN patients but T-helper-cell-2-related IL-10 production was higher in HBsAg+/HBeAg+ patients with HBVMN than in those without HBVMN, Based on these findings, we conclude that HBVMN children seem to have an inadequate cellular immune response to HBcAg. C1 NATL YANG MING MED UNIV,INST MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. NATL TAIWAN UNIV,INST PUBL HLTH,TAIPEI 10764,TAIWAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,FT COLLINS,CO. RP Lin, CY (reprint author), VET GEN HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,TAIPEI 11217,TAIWAN. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0028-2766 J9 NEPHRON JI Nephron PD JUN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 176 EP 185 PG 10 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XE697 UT WOS:A1997XE69700008 PM 9200409 ER PT J AU Bisgard, KM Wenger, JD AF Bisgard, KM Wenger, JD TI Recommendations for the use of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines among children in the United States SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; HBOC VACCINE; INFANTS; EFFICACY; POLYSACCHARIDE; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY RP Bisgard, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 361 EP 365 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XE148 UT WOS:A1997XE14800003 PM 9188127 ER PT J AU Guris, D Strebel, PM AF Guris, D Strebel, PM TI Pertussis vaccination in the United States - New developments and recommendations SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN RP Guris, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 372 EP 377 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XE148 UT WOS:A1997XE14800005 PM 9188129 ER PT J AU Prevots, DR Strebel, PM AF Prevots, DR Strebel, PM TI Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: New recommendations for routine childhood vaccination place greater reliance on inactivated poliovirus vaccine SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE RP Prevots, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E61,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 378 EP 383 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XE148 UT WOS:A1997XE14800006 PM 9188130 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Davis, RL Barlow, WE Thompson, RS Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Vadheim, CM Marcy, SM Ward, JI Wise, RP Wassilak, SG Hadler, SC Swint, E Hardy, JR Payne, T Immanuel, V Benson, P Draket, J Drew, L Mendius, B Ray, P Lewis, N Fireman, BH Jing, J Wulfsohn, M Lugg, MM Osborne, P Rastogi, S Patriarca, P Caserta, V AF Chen, RT Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Davis, RL Barlow, WE Thompson, RS Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Vadheim, CM Marcy, SM Ward, JI Wise, RP Wassilak, SG Hadler, SC Swint, E Hardy, JR Payne, T Immanuel, V Benson, P Draket, J Drew, L Mendius, B Ray, P Lewis, N Fireman, BH Jing, J Wulfsohn, M Lugg, MM Osborne, P Rastogi, S Patriarca, P Caserta, V TI Vaccine Safety Datalink project: A new tool for improving vaccine safety monitoring in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccines; immunization; adverse reactions; databases; record linkage; vaccine safety ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; WHOOPING-COUGH; IMMUNIZATION; RISK; SYSTEM; EVENTS AB Objective. To fill the large ''gaps and limitations'' in current scientific knowledge of rare vaccine adverse events identified in recent reviews of the Institute of Medicine. Methods. Computerized information on immunization, medical outcomes, and potential confounders on more than 500 000 children 0 to 6 years of age is linked annually at several health maintenance organizations to create a large cohort for multiple epidemiologic studies of vaccine safety. Results. Analysis of 3 years of follow-up data shows that 549 488 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and 310 618 doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines have been administered to children in the study cohort. Analyses for associations between vaccines and 34 medical outcomes are underway. Screening of automated data shows that seizures are associated with receipt of DTP on the same day (relative risk [RR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 4.0) and 8 to 14 days after receipt of MMR (RR 3.0; 95% CI, 2.1 to 4.2). The diversity of vaccination exposures in this large cohort permits us to show that an apparent association of seizures 8 to 14 days after Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1) was attributable to confounding by simultaneous MMR vaccination; the association disappears with appropriate adjustment (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4). Conclusion. Preliminary design, data collection, and analytic capability of the Vaccine Safety Datalink project has been validated by replication of previous known associations between seizures and DTP and MMR vaccines. The diversity in vaccine administration schedules permits potential disentangling of effects of simultaneous and combined vaccinations. The project provides a model of public health-managed care collaborations in addition to an excellent infrastructure for safety and other studies of vaccines. C1 GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,CTR HLTH STUDIES,SEATTLE,WA 98101. NW KAISER PERMANENTE,CTR HLTH RES,PORTLAND,OR. NO CALIF KAISER PERMANENTE,PEDIAT VACCINE STUDY CTR,OAKLAND,CA. HARBOR UCLA MED CTR,CTR VACCINE RES,TORRANCE,CA 90509. SO CALIF KAISER PERMANENTE,PASADENA,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,DIV VACCINE INJURY COMPENSAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,MS-E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 206 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 6 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.1542/peds.99.6.765 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XC588 UT WOS:A1997XC58800014 PM 9164767 ER PT J AU Scariati, PD GrummerStrawn, LM Fein, SB AF Scariati, PD GrummerStrawn, LM Fein, SB TI A longitudinal analysis of infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE longitudinal analysis; diarrhea; ear infection; breastfeeding ID ARTIFICIALLY FED INFANTS; OTITIS-MEDIA; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FEEDING PRACTICES; BREAST; PROTECTS; ILLNESS; HEALTH; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTIONS AB Background. Studies on the health benefits of breastfeeding in developed countries have shown conflicting results. These studies often fail to account for confounding, reverse causality, and dose-response effects. We addressed these issues in analyzing longitudinal data to determine if breastfeeding protects US infants from developing diarrhea and ear infections. Methods. Mothers participating in a mail panel provided information on their infants at ages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 months. Infants were classified as exclusively breastfed; high, middle, or low mixed breast- and formula-fed; or exclusively formula-fed. Diarrhea and ear infection diagnoses were based on mothers' reports. Infant age and gender; other liquid and solid intake; maternal education, occupation, and smoking; household size; family income; and day care use were adjusted for in the full models. Results. The risk of developing either diarrhea or ear infection increased as the amount of breast milk an infant received decreased. In the full models, the risk for diarrhea remained significant only in infants who received no breast milk compared with those who received only breast milk (odds ratio = 1.8); the risk for ear infection remained significant in the low mixed feeding group (odds ratio = 1.6) and among infants receiving no breast milk compared with those who received only breast milk (odds ratio = 1.7). Conclusions. Breastfeeding protects US infants against the development of diarrhea and ear infection. Breastfeeding does not have to be exclusive to confer this benefit. In fact, protection is afforded in a dose-response manner. The more breast milk an infant receives in the first 6 months of life, the less likely that he or she will develop diarrhea or ear infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, OFF SCI ANAL & SUPPORT, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. RP Scariati, PD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 6 BP art. no. EP e5 DI 10.1542/peds.99.6.e5 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA XC588 UT WOS:A1997XC58800005 PM 9164801 ER PT J AU Folmar, J Coughlin, SS Bessinger, R Sacknoff, D AF Folmar, J Coughlin, SS Bessinger, R Sacknoff, D TI Ethics in public health practice: A survey of public health nurses in southern Louisiana SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article AB The present study was designed to help learn more about the ethical interests and concerns of public health nurses employed in state and local health departments. Self-administered postal questionnaires were mailed to 41 public health nurses employed at health units in Region I of the Louisiana Office of Public Health. Basic demographic information was obtained along with information about the workers' previous instruction or training in ethics and the nature of ethical conflicts encountered in their public health practice. Only 38% (15 of 39) of the surveyed nurses had had formal instruction in ethics. Even fewer (7.3%) had received continuing education on ethics. Most of the nurses felt confident in their ability to recognize an ethical conflict or dilemma in the workplace; fewer felt confident in their ability to resolve an ethical conflict or dilemma. A high proportion of the nurses agreed that there is a need for continuing education courses on ethics for public health workers. Nurses who had received formal ethics instruction were more likely to feel confident in their ability to recognize an ethical conflict in their public health practice. Continuing education programs on ethics are needed that are designed to meet the specific needs of frontline public health workers. C1 UNIV NEW ORLEANS,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT HLTH SYST MANAGEMENT,NEW ORLEANS,LA. UNIV NEW ORLEANS,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. LOUISIANA STATE OFF PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 14 IS 3 BP 156 EP 160 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1997.tb00287.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA XF086 UT WOS:A1997XF08600005 PM 9203840 ER PT J AU Malilay, J Henderson, A McGeehin, M Flanders, WD AF Malilay, J Henderson, A McGeehin, M Flanders, WD TI Estimating health risks from natural hazards using risk assessment and epidemiology SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; natural hazards; disasters; epidemiology; mitigation; prevention effectiveness AB Risk assessment is the process of estimating the likelihood that an adverse effect may result from exposure to a specific health hazard. The process traditionally involves hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization to answer ''How many excess cases of disease A will occur in a population of size B due to exposure to agent C at dose level D?'' For natural hazards, however, we modify the risk assessment paradigm to answer ''How many excess cases of outcome Y will occur in a population of size B due to natural hazard event E of severity D?'' Using a modified version involving hazard identification, risk factor characterization, exposure characterization, and risk characterization, we demonstrate that epidemiologic modeling and measures of risk can quantify the risks from natural hazard events. We further extend the paradigm to address mitigation, the equivalent of risk management, to answer ''What is the risk for outcome Y in the presence of prevention intervention X relative to the risk for Y in the absence of X?'' We use the preventable fraction to estimate the efficacy of mitigation, or reduction in adverse health outcomes as a result of a prevention strategy under ideal circumstances, and further estimate the effectiveness of mitigation, or reduction in adverse health outcomes under typical community-based settings. By relating socioeconomic costs of mitigation to measures of risk, we illustrate that prevention effectiveness is useful for developing cost-effective risk management options. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Malilay, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 17 IS 3 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00873.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA XK800 UT WOS:A1997XK80000009 PM 9232018 ER PT J AU Hollowell, JG Hannon, WH AF Hollowell, JG Hannon, WH TI Teratogen update: Iodine deficiency, a community teratogen SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ENDEMIC CRETINISM; IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES; CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; INDUCED THYROTOXICOSIS; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; CEREBRAL-PALSY; DISORDERS; PREVENTION; PREGNANCY; GOITER RP Hollowell, JG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, 4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY, MS F-28, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 102 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1997 VL 55 IS 6 BP 389 EP 405 PG 17 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA XV118 UT WOS:A1997XV11800006 PM 9294885 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Phillips, D Evatt, B Benson, J Renshaw, M AF Hooper, WC Phillips, D Evatt, B Benson, J Renshaw, M TI Homocysteine upregulates IL-6 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1997 SU S BP O1609 EP O1609 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XE898 UT WOS:A1997XE89801608 ER PT J AU Rickles, F Shoji, M Abe, K Wilcox, J Dillehay, A Danave, I Micko, C Ross, C Nawroth, P AF Rickles, F Shoji, M Abe, K Wilcox, J Dillehay, A Danave, I Micko, C Ross, C Nawroth, P TI Hyperexpression of the tissue factor (TF) gene in human tumor cells results in high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in vitro and increased vascular permeability in vivo SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV HEIDELBERG,HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1997 SU S BP OC800 EP OC800 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XE898 UT WOS:A1997XE89800799 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Eldridge, J Austin, H Hooper, C Wolstein, L Evatt, B AF Dilley, A Eldridge, J Austin, H Hooper, C Wolstein, L Evatt, B TI The role of resistance to activated protein C, protein S deficiency, and protein C deficiency in Legg-Perthes disease SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1997 SU S BP P1701 EP P1701 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XE898 UT WOS:A1997XE89801700 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Dilley, A Evatt, B Renshaw, M Benson, J Baine, R Austin, H Lall, C Silva, V Rowlins, P Wenger, N AF Hooper, WC Dilley, A Evatt, B Renshaw, M Benson, J Baine, R Austin, H Lall, C Silva, V Rowlins, P Wenger, N TI The significance of polymorphisms in the platelet glycoprotein IIIa and endothelial cell nitric oxidase synthase genes in African Americans with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction or venous thrombosis SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 1997 SU S BP P1045 EP P1045 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XE898 UT WOS:A1997XE89801043 ER PT J AU Austin, H Hooper, WC Dilley, A Drews, C Renshaw, M Ellingsen, D Evatt, B AF Austin, H Hooper, WC Dilley, A Drews, C Renshaw, M Ellingsen, D Evatt, B TI The prevalence of two genetic traits related to venous thrombosis in whites and African-Americans SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE venous thrombosis; factor V Leiden; MTHFR gene ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; FACTOR-V LEIDEN; COAGULATION-FACTOR-V; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RESISTANCE; MUTATION; DISEASE; RISK; COFACTOR C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS STD & LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD JUN 1 PY 1997 VL 86 IS 5 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(97)00086-8 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA XF853 UT WOS:A1997XF85300008 PM 9211632 ER PT J AU Parham, FM Kohn, MC Matthews, HB DeRosa, C Portier, CJ AF Parham, FM Kohn, MC Matthews, HB DeRosa, C Portier, CJ TI Using structural information to create physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for all polychlorinated biphenyls .1. Tissue:blood partition coefficients SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RAT; EXCRETION; CONGENERS; TRANSPORT; ALGORITHM; ISOMERS AB Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are useful in describing the distribution, metabolism, and fate of xenobiotics across multiple species. The eventual goal of the present research is to create PBPK models for all 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Keys parameters in any PBPK model are the tissue-to-blood partition coefficients. Tissue:blood partition coefficients relate the compound's concentration in a target tissue to its concentration in blood under equilibrium conditions. Data on the adipose:plasma partition coefficients of 24 PCBs were used in a regression analysis to find an expression for the adipose:plasma partition coefficient as a function of molecular structure. Using stepwise regression, it was found that three simple structural descriptors were sufficient to predict adipose:plasma partition coefficients for all 209 PCB congeners. Data on the distribution of PCBs among blood components were used to derive the adipose:blood partition coefficient from the adipose:plasma partition coefficient. The lipid contents of li, er. muscle, and skin were used to derive the tissue:blood partition coefficient for those tissues from the adipose:blood partition coefficient. These results allow for the calculation of tissue:blood partition coefficients for liver, skin, muscles, and fat for all 209 PCB congeners. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. RP Parham, FM (reprint author), NIEHS,OAO,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709, USA. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 144 IS 2 BP 340 EP 347 DI 10.1006/taap.1997.8139 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA XF149 UT WOS:A1997XF14900015 PM 9194418 ER PT J AU Ewing, SA Dawson, JE Mathew, JS Barker, RW Pratt, KW Telford, SR AF Ewing, SA Dawson, JE Mathew, JS Barker, RW Pratt, KW Telford, SR TI Attempted transmission of human granulocytotropic Ehrlichia (HGE) by Amblyomma americanum and Amblyomma maculatum SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; A-maculatum; dog; human granulocytotrophic Ehrlichia (HGE) ID CHAFFEENSIS; AGENT; DOGS AB Transstadial transmission of human granulocytotrophic Ehrlichia (HGE) was attempted in dogs using Amblyomma americanum (L,) and A. maculatum Koch, two species that, as adults, feed readily on human beings. Larvae and nymphs were acquisition-fed on a dog that was parasitemic with HGE. Two months later, following digestion of the blood meal and subsequent molting to nymphal or adult stage, these ticks were fed to repletion on HGE-naive dogs. None of the dogs developed clinical evidence of ehrlichiosis, Parasites were not observed in blood smears by light microscopy, HGE DNA was not detected by polymerase chain reaction, and none of the dogs seroconverted. Based on this trial, we conclude that, unlike E. chaffeensis, HGE is probably not transmitted from dog to dog by either A. americanum or A. maculatum. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT INFECT DIS & PHYSIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 39002, AI 37993] NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 70 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01157-0 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA XE375 UT WOS:A1997XE37500019 PM 9195722 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL Ackers, ML Farrar, J Richardson, S Nelson, R Fletcher, M Levy, M Katz, D Kumar, S Malecki, J Lowdermilk, M Mackey, L Bell, J Portesi, D Lacey, C Letendre, L Hamlin, D Knowlton, R Barry, A Chew, D Finelli, L Genese, C Miller, J Layton, M Guzewich, J Salehi, E Weltman, A Caceres, V Ball, R Barnett, B Hendricks, K Taylor, J Bell, R Schoenfeld, S Bryan, F Neamatullah, S Werker, D Manuel, D LeBer, C Arrieta, M Morrison, D Klein, R Wahlquist, S Alfano, E Eberhard, M Arrowood, M HannakDonaldson, K Beach, M Kramer, M Hightower, A Swerdlow, D Winickoff, J Shapiro, R Messonnier, M AF Herwaldt, BL Ackers, ML Farrar, J Richardson, S Nelson, R Fletcher, M Levy, M Katz, D Kumar, S Malecki, J Lowdermilk, M Mackey, L Bell, J Portesi, D Lacey, C Letendre, L Hamlin, D Knowlton, R Barry, A Chew, D Finelli, L Genese, C Miller, J Layton, M Guzewich, J Salehi, E Weltman, A Caceres, V Ball, R Barnett, B Hendricks, K Taylor, J Bell, R Schoenfeld, S Bryan, F Neamatullah, S Werker, D Manuel, D LeBer, C Arrieta, M Morrison, D Klein, R Wahlquist, S Alfano, E Eberhard, M Arrowood, M HannakDonaldson, K Beach, M Kramer, M Hightower, A Swerdlow, D Winickoff, J Shapiro, R Messonnier, M TI An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN RESIDENTS; UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRAVELERS; ORGANISM; NEPAL AB Background Cyclospora cayetanensis is a parasite that causes gastroenteritis. Until last year most of the documented cases of cyclosporiasis in North America were in overseas travelers. In 1996, a large outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred in North America. We investigated this outbreak. Methods Health departments solicited information from clinicians and laboratories on cases of cyclosporiasis, which were then reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and to Health Canada. We conducted retrospective cohort studies for the cases associated with events (e.g., luncheons) and attempted to identify the sources of the implicated food. Results A total of 1465 cases of cyclosporiasis were reported by 20 states, the District of Columbia, and 2 provinces. Of these cases, 978 (66.8 percent) were laboratory confirmed and 725 (49.5 percent) were associated with 55 events that were held from May 3 through June 14. Raspberries were definitely served at 50 events and may have been served at 4 events, For 27 of the 41 events for which adequate data were available (65.8 percent), the associations between the consumption of berries (raspberries with or without other berries) and cyclosporiasis were statistically significant (P<0.05). For all 29 events for which there were good data, the raspberries definitely came from Guatemala (21 events, 72.4 percent) or may have come from Guatemala (8 events, 27.6 percent). As few as five Guatemalan farms could have accounted for the 25 events for which the raspberries could be traced to a single exporter per event. The mode of contamination of the raspberries remains unclear. Conclusions This large outbreak of cyclosporiasis in North America in 1996 was associated with the consumption of Guatemalan raspberries. The outbreak illustrates the need to consider that a local cluster of foodborne illness may be part of a widespread outbreak and to pursue investigations of the source of the implicated vehicle. (C) 1997, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. PALM BEACH CTY HLTH DEPT,W PALM BEACH,FL. LAKE CTY HLTH DEPT,WAUKEGAN,IL. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. MONTGOMERY CTY DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ROCKVILLE,MD. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,BOSTON,MA. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH & SENIOR SERV,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. HOUSTON DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,HOUSTON,TX. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,BURLINGTON,VT 05402. HLTH CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. DEPT PUBL HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. ONTARIO MINIST HLTH,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. MONTREAL CHILDRENS HOSP,MONTREAL,PQ H3H 1P3,CANADA. MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MAILSTOP F22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 38 TC 231 Z9 245 U1 2 U2 12 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 29 PY 1997 VL 336 IS 22 BP 1548 EP 1556 DI 10.1056/NEJM199705293362202 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XB087 UT WOS:A1997XB08700002 PM 9164810 ER PT J AU Labowitz, A Young, A Heffernan, R Cato, S Layton, M Mojica, B AF Labowitz, A Young, A Heffernan, R Cato, S Layton, M Mojica, B TI Surveillance for penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae - New York City, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 297-299, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BR,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Labowitz, A (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 20 BP 1585 EP 1586 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XA022 UT WOS:A1997XA02200010 ER PT J AU Bjornson, W Sahr, RC Moore, J Balshem, H Fleming, D Strouse, R Hall, J Steel, BS AF Bjornson, W Sahr, RC Moore, J Balshem, H Fleming, D Strouse, R Hall, J Steel, BS TI Tobacco tax initiative - Oregon, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 246-248, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,STATE HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. MATH POLICY RES INC,PRINCETON,NJ. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,VANCOUVER,WA. CDC,EPIDEMIOL BR,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Bjornson, W (reprint author), OREGON SMOKELESS STATES PROJECT,PORTLAND,OR, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 20 BP 1586 EP 1587 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XA022 UT WOS:A1997XA02200011 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ML Powell, KE Hammond, R AF Rosenberg, ML Powell, KE Hammond, R TI Applying science to violence prevention SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Rosenberg, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,4770 BUFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 28 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 20 BP 1641 EP 1642 DI 10.1001/jama.277.20.1641 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA XA022 UT WOS:A1997XA02200036 PM 9168296 ER PT J AU Schlenker, TL Risk, I Harris, H AF Schlenker, TL Risk, I Harris, H TI Targeted screening for childhood lead exposure in a low prevalence area - Salt Lake County, Utah, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 213-217, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Schlenker, TL (reprint author), SALT LAKE CITY CTY HLTH DEPT,2001 S STATE ST,S2500,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84190, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 19 BP 1508 EP 1509 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WY969 UT WOS:A1997WY96900009 ER PT J AU Carter, J Mofenson, H Caraccio, T Smith, P Morse, D Keys, C Williams, L Coody, G AF Carter, J Mofenson, H Caraccio, T Smith, P Morse, D Keys, C Williams, L Coody, G TI Gamma hydroxy butyrate use - New York and Texas, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 281-283, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED SCH,DIV EMERGENCY MED,POISON CTR NETWORK,DALLAS,TX 75230. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DRUG & MED DEVICES DIV,BUR FOOD & DRUG SAFETY,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CDC,ENVIRONM HAZARDS EPIDEMIOL SECT,HLTH STUDIES BR,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADM,OFF DIVERS CONTROL,WASHINGTON,DC 20537. RP Carter, J (reprint author), WINTHROP UNIV HOSP,LONG ISL REG POISON CONTROL CTR,MINEOLA,NY 11501, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 19 BP 1511 EP 1511 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WY969 UT WOS:A1997WY96900011 ER PT J AU Hosek, G Leschinsky, D Irons, S Safranek, TJ AF Hosek, G Leschinsky, D Irons, S Safranek, TJ TI Multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 308-310, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BR,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Hosek, G (reprint author), NEBRASKA STATE DEPT HLTH,LINCOLN,NE 68508, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 21 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 19 BP 1513 EP 1513 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WY969 UT WOS:A1997WY96900013 ER PT J AU Ward, EM AF Ward, EM TI Monitoring of aromatic amine exposures in workers at a chemical plant with a known bladder cancer excess - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID ANILINE RP Ward, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,ROBERT TAFT LAB,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD MAY 21 PY 1997 VL 89 IS 10 BP 735 EP 736 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA XA219 UT WOS:A1997XA21900018 ER PT J AU Mukinda, VBK Mwema, G Kilundu, M Heymann, DL Khan, AS Esposito, JJ Koen, H Delfi, M MuyembeTamfum, JJ Kweteminga, TF Moudi, A Mangindula, L Loparev, VN Parsons, JM Jue, DL Crews, TW Knight, JC AF Mukinda, VBK Mwema, G Kilundu, M Heymann, DL Khan, AS Esposito, JJ Koen, H Delfi, M MuyembeTamfum, JJ Kweteminga, TF Moudi, A Mangindula, L Loparev, VN Parsons, JM Jue, DL Crews, TW Knight, JC TI Re-emergence of human monkeypox in Zaire in 1996 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID SMALLPOX C1 PROGRAMME ELARGL VACCINAT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST NATL RECH BIOMED,MED SANS FRONTIERS BELGIQUE,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,COLLABORATING CTR SMALLPOX & OTHER POXVIRUS INFEC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NR 5 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 17 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9063 BP 1449 EP 1450 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)63725-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WZ765 UT WOS:A1997WZ76500017 PM 9164323 ER PT J AU Tirmenstein, MA Mathias, PI Snawder, JE Wey, HE Toraason, M AF Tirmenstein, MA Mathias, PI Snawder, JE Wey, HE Toraason, M TI Antimony-induced alterations in thiol homeostasis and adenine nucleotide status in cultured cardiac myocytes SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 05-09, 1995 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Soc Toxicol DE antimony; cardiac myocytes; thiol; pyruvate dehydrogenase; glutathione; adenine nucleotides ID GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; NEONATAL RAT; ASSAY; ENZYME AB Cultured cardiac myocytes were exposed for up to 4 h to 50 and 100 mu M potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT). After 4 h, 50 and 100 mu M PAT killed 14 and 33% respectively of the cardiac myocytes. PAT-induced alterations in both protein and nonprotein thiol homeostasis. Transient increases in oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were detected after cells were treated with 100 mu M PAT for 2 h. After 4 h, both concentrations of PAT significantly depleted reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Protein thiols levels were also decreased after a 2-h exposure to 50 and 100 mu M PAT. Cells treated with 50 mu M and 100 mu M PAT had a 15% and 40% reduction respectively in protein thiols after 4 h. PAT also significantly inhibited glutathione peroxidase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cardiac myocytes. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity levels were inhibited as early as h after cells were treated with both concentrations of. PAT. Cardiac myocyte ATP levels were also decreased by PAT, but only after a 4-h exposure to 50 mu M and 100 mu M PAT. Decreases in cellular ATP levels paralleled PAT toxicity put appeared to be secondary to other cellular changes initiated by PAT exposure. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD MAY 16 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 3 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(97)03628-7 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA WX497 UT WOS:A1997WX49700004 PM 9152016 ER PT J AU Steinberg, KK Smith, SJ Stroup, DF Olkin, I Lee, NC Williamson, GD Thacker, SB AF Steinberg, KK Smith, SJ Stroup, DF Olkin, I Lee, NC Williamson, GD Thacker, SB TI Comparison of effect estimates from a meta-analysis of summary data from published studies and from a meta-analysis using individual patient data for ovarian cancer studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cost and cost analysis; meta-analysis; regression analysis ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; RISK; METAANALYSIS; CARCINOMA; TRIALS AB To determine the relative merits of two quantitative methods used to estimate the summary effects of observational studies, the authors compared two methods of meta-analysis. Each quantified the relation between oral contraceptive use and the risk for ovarian cancer. One analysis consisted of a meta-analysis using summary data from 11 published studies from the literature (MAL) in which the study was the unit of analysis, and the second consisted of a meta-analysis using individual patient data (MAP) in which the patient was the unit of analysis. The authors found excellent quantitative agreement between the summary effect estimates from the MAL and the MAP. The MAP permits analysis 1) among outcomes, exposures, and confounders not investigated in the original studies, 2) when the original effect measures differ among studies and cannot be converted to a common measure (e.g., slopes vs. correlation coefficients), and 3) when there is a paucity of studies. The MAL permits analysis 1) when resources are limited, 2) when time is limited, and 3) when original study data are not available or are available only from a biased sample of studies. In public health epidemiology, data from original studies are often accessible only to limited numbers of research groups and for only a few types of studies that have high public health priority. Consequently, few opportunities for pooled analysis exist. However, from a policy view, MAL will provide answers to many questions and will help in identifying questions for future investigation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT STAT,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Steinberg, KK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MOL BIOL BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 10 BP 917 EP 925 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WY376 UT WOS:A1997WY37600006 PM 9149663 ER PT J AU Sterling, CR Ortega, YR Hartwig, EG Pawlowicz, MB Cook, MT Hopkins, RS Miller, JR Layton, M Ebrahimzadeh, A Ennis, J Keithly, J AF Sterling, CR Ortega, YR Hartwig, EG Pawlowicz, MB Cook, MT Hopkins, RS Miller, JR Layton, M Ebrahimzadeh, A Ennis, J Keithly, J TI Outbreaks of pseudo-infection with Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium - Florida and New York City, 1995 (reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 354-358, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BUR LABS,MILWAUKEE,WI. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DAVID AXELROD INST PUBL HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR,ALBANY,NY 12237. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Sterling, CR (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT VET SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 14 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 18 BP 1428 EP 1429 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WX852 UT WOS:A1997WX85200011 ER PT J AU Morin, CA Roberts, CL Mshar, PA Addiss, DG Hadler, JL AF Morin, CA Roberts, CL Mshar, PA Addiss, DG Hadler, JL TI What do physicians know about Cryptosporidiosis? A survey of Connecticut physicians SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; OUTBREAK; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; AIDS AB Background: Cryptosporidiosis, an intestinal parasitic infection, has gained considerable media attention since a 1993 waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, Wis, in which more than 400 000 persons became ill. However, the incidence of and risk factors for human cryptosporidiosis in the general US population are unknown. It has been suggested, but not documented, that physicians are generally unaware of the need to specifically request testing for this organism. Objective: To assess physician awareness of cryptosporidiosis and knowledge of laboratory testing for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to a stratified random sample of Connecticut physicians. Specialties were limited to physicians in internal medicine, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, pediatrics, and family or general practice. Responses were compared among specialties. Results: While most physicians were aware that cryptosporidiosis causes watery diarrhea (range, 67%-98%), particularly inpatients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (>85% of all specialties), many did not know the symptoms or failed to identify other groups at increased risk. More than 75% of gastroenterologists, general or family practitioners, internists, and pediatricians never or rarely order diagnostic testing for Cryptosporidium even when their patients have symptoms consistent with cryptosporidiosis. More than 30% of physicians assumed Cryptosporidium testing was included in a standard ova and parasite examination. Conclusions: Cryptosporidiosis is likely to be unrecognized and underdiagnosed in Connecticut. This may occur because many physicians are unaware of cryptosporidiosis, unsure of the symptoms, do not test for it, or do not order the appropriate test. Unless there is more widespread use of specific tests, it will be difficult to evaluate specific preventive initiatives to limit the overall health impact of cryptosporidiosis. C1 AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,NATL CTR EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT HLTH,CANBERRA,ACT,AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Morin, CA (reprint author), DPH,BCH,DIV INFECT DIS,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,MS 11 EPI,410 CAPITOL AVE,POB 340308,HARTFORD,CT 06134, USA. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 12 PY 1997 VL 157 IS 9 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1001/archinte.157.9.1017 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WX439 UT WOS:A1997WX43900011 PM 9140274 ER PT J AU Shallow, S Daily, P Rothrock, G Reingold, A Vugia, D Waterman, S Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Ryder, R Mshar, P Hadler, JL Farley, M Bardsley, M Baughman, W Koehler, J Blake, P Toomey, KE Hogan, J Deneen, V Hedberg, C Osterholm, MT Cassidy, M Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Hedberg, K Fleming, D AF Shallow, S Daily, P Rothrock, G Reingold, A Vugia, D Waterman, S Fiorentino, T Marcus, R Ryder, R Mshar, P Hadler, JL Farley, M Bardsley, M Baughman, W Koehler, J Blake, P Toomey, KE Hogan, J Deneen, V Hedberg, C Osterholm, MT Cassidy, M Townes, J Shiferaw, B Cieslak, P Hedberg, K Fleming, D TI Foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 258-261, 1997) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT. CONNECTICUT STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,HARTFORD,CT. ATLANTA METROPOLITAN ACT SURVEILLANCE PROJECT,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30334. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,STATE HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 7 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 17 BP 1344 EP 1345 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WW261 UT WOS:A1997WW26100007 ER PT J AU Navin, TR AF Navin, TR TI Detecting cryptosporidiosis as a cause of diarrheal illness: Implications for clinicians SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Navin, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 7 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 17 BP 1355 EP 1356 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WW261 UT WOS:A1997WW26100021 PM 9134938 ER PT J AU Wagner, GR AF Wagner, GR TI Asbestosis and silicosis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER; GOLD MINERS; EXPOSURE; DUST; TUBERCULOSIS; OPACITIES; FIBROSIS; WORKERS AB Interstitial fibrosis resulting from workplace exposure to asbestos and crystalline silica persists throughout the world despite knowledge of the causes and effective means for prevention. Asbestosis and silicosis occurrence is predictable among people overexposed to dusts in various industries and occupations such as mining, construction, manufacturing, and building maintenance. Asbestosis and silicosis are incurable and may be progressive even after dust exposure has ceased, therefore early recognition and supportive interventions are important. Although current disease is a result of past exposures, effective control of current workplace exposures is the only way to prevent continued occurrence of these potentially debilitating diseases. Physicians can contribute to this effort through accurate diagnosis and disease reporting. RP Wagner, GR (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 36 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 3 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9061 BP 1311 EP 1315 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07336-9 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WW899 UT WOS:A1997WW89900043 PM 9142077 ER PT J AU Dulisse, B AF Dulisse, B TI Methodological issues in testing the hypothesis of risk compensation SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE risk compensation ID AUTOMOBILE SAFETY REGULATION; BELT USE LAWS AB The hypothesis of risk compensation implies that persons experiencing a real or perceived change in the riskiness of an activity will alter their consumption of that activity to obtain a preferred combination of risk and reward. In evaluating whether individuals display compensating behavior in response to safety interventions, not all persons subject to the intervention will necessarily display compensating behavior, even if the hypothesis is correct: the hypothesis has testable implications only for the subset of persons subject to the intervention who perceive that their risk has changed. This paper argues that methodologies that include persons for whom the hypothesis has no testable implications (against a null hypothesis of no compensation effect) result in estimates of the compensation effect and test statistics which are biased towards zero. Previously published data on motor-vehicle-related injuries to cyclists and pedestrians in Britain before and after a mandatory safety-belt-use law went into effect were used to infer the size of this bias. In these data, the inclusion of persons for whom the hypothesis of risk compensation has no testable implications appears to have resulted in estimates of a risk-compensation effect which are too small by about half. This work suggests that the British data are consistent with a risk-compensation effect of 7-13 percent, and raises important methodological issues in testing the hypothesis of risk compensation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0001-4575(96)00082-6 PG 8 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA XD126 UT WOS:A1997XD12600003 PM 9183466 ER PT J AU Escobedo, LG Peddicord, JP AF Escobedo, LG Peddicord, JP TI Long-term trends in cigarette smoking among young US adults SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article AB Retrospective examination of a national probability sample revealed that young women, particularly those who dropped out of high school, have reached smoking rates as high or higher than subgroups of young men. These results suggest that surveillance, research, and public health programs are needed to address the rapid increase in smoking among young women. 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 3 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(97)80003-2 PG 4 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA XA613 UT WOS:A1997XA61300013 PM 9183512 ER PT J AU Simon, PA Bruce, RC Bunch, G AF Simon, PA Bruce, RC Bunch, G TI Completeness of reporting of AIDS associated with invasive cervical carcinoma SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEOPLASIA; INFECTION; WOMEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Simon, PA (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 820 EP 821 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA WX181 UT WOS:A1997WX18100018 PM 9143617 ER PT J AU Gressel, MG AF Gressel, MG TI An evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation control system for a foundry casting-cleaning operation SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE foundry operations; silica; ventilation AB A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a local exhaust ventilation system for a foundry casting-cleaning operation in which a worker cleaned gray iron castings using a variety of handheld chipping and grinding tools. The operation originally had an exhaust system consisting only of an exhaust duct terminating approximately 1 m (3 ft) above the floor and 2 m (6 ft) from the casting-cleaning workstation. An earlier evaluation of this original control system found time-weight ed average exposures to respirable silica ranging from 124 to 160 mu g/m(3). The local exhaust Ventilation system evaluated in this present study consisted of a downdraft booth outfitted with a turntable far manipulating the castings. The modified local exhaust ventilation system was installed at this facility and connected to the existing plant exhaust ventilation system through the original ductwork. A direct-reading instrument was used to measure the operator's respirable aerosol exposure concentrations during a single day both before and after the installation of the new workstation. The same worker was sampled both times. The operator's activities were recorded on videotape so that the exposures associated with the various tools could be determined. While day-to-day variability could not be accounted far, depending an the type of tool used the local exhaust ventilation system reduced exposures by 59 to 79% during casting cleaning by the sampled worker when compared with the original configuration. These reductions were statistically significant. RP Gressel, MG (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 58 IS 5 BP 354 EP 358 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1997)058<0354:AEOALE>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WW090 UT WOS:A1997WW09000004 PM 9134666 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, RB Morris, L Spitz, AM AF Kaufmann, RB Morris, L Spitz, AM TI Comparison of two question sequences for assessing pregnancy intentions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data collection; pregnancy; pregnancy, unwanted; questionnaires AB Unintended pregnancies can have serious health, social, and economic consequences, Such pregnancies may be unwanted (a baby is not wanted at any time) or mistimed, yet wanted (a baby is wanted eventually). Intended pregnancies are those conceived when desired. Reproductive-health survey respondents' understanding of these concepts and validity of survey results may be affected by question order and wording, Using a randomized crossover design, National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) intendedness questions were asked in a 1993 survey of Arizona women aged 18-44 years, Of 2,352 ever-pregnant respondents, 25% gave discordant responses to DHS and NSFG questions about the most recent pregnancy. Age, marital status, household income, education, parity, time since pregnancy, and outcome of pregnancy were significantly predictive of discordant responses, DHS and NSFG questions yielded similar prevalence estimates of intendedness and wantedness; but young, unmarried respondents gave more ''mistimed'' responses on whichever question was asked later. Classifying pregnancies as intended, mistimed, or unwanted may be a problem for women who have not decided on lifetime reproductive preferences, Approaches to improving survey validity include addressing ambivalence, clarifying the definition of ''unwanted,'' and, for young, unmarried women, not attempting to classify unintended pregnancies as mistimed or unwanted. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV REPROD HLTH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1997 VL 145 IS 9 BP 810 EP 816 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WX368 UT WOS:A1997WX36800006 PM 9143211 ER PT J AU Kendrick, JS Atrash, HK Strauss, LT Gargiullo, PM Ahn, YW AF Kendrick, JS Atrash, HK Strauss, LT Gargiullo, PM Ahn, YW TI Vaginal douching and the risk of ectopic pregnancy among black women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ectopic pregnancy; risk factors; vaginal irrigation ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION AB OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine whether vaginal douching was associated with ectopic pregnancy among black women and whether specific douching behaviors were associated with differences in risk. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from a case-control study of ectopic pregnancy conducted between October 1988 and August 1990 at a major public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Case subjects were 197 black women with surgically confirmed ectopic pregnancies; the control group included 882 black women who were delivered of live or stillborn infants and 237 black women who were seeking to terminate a pregnancy. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratio for ectopic pregnancy associated with ever having douched was 3.8 (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 8.9). The risk increased with increasing number of years of douching at least once per month. No douching behavior was found to be without risk; even women who douched for routine cleanliness were at increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal douching is a modifiable behavior that may greatly increase a woman's risk of ectopic pregnancy. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Kendrick, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 25 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 176 IS 5 BP 991 EP 997 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(97)70391-0 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA XA165 UT WOS:A1997XA16500007 PM 9166157 ER PT J AU Pappas, G Hadden, WC Kozak, LJ Fisher, GF AF Pappas, G Hadden, WC Kozak, LJ Fisher, GF TI Potentially avoidable hospitalizations: Inequalities in rates between US socioeconomic groups SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH; QUALITY; ACCESS AB Objectives. The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) was used to evaluate potentially avoidable hospital conditions as an indicator of equity and efficiency in the US health care system. Methods. With the use of 1990 data from the NHDS, the National Health Interview Survey, and the census, national rates of hospitalization were calculated for avoidable conditions by age, race, median income of zip code, and insurance status. Results. An estimated 3.1 million hospitalizations were for potentially avoidable conditions. This was 12% of all hospitalizations in 1990 (excluding psychiatric admissions, women with deliveries, and newborns). Rates of potentially avoidable hospitalizations were higher for persons living in middle- and low-income areas than for persons living in high-income areas, and were higher among Blacks than among Whites. These class and racial differences were also found among the privately insured. Differences among income and racial groups for persons aged 65 and over were not significant. Conclusions. Inequalities in potentially avoidable hospitalizations suggest inequity and inefficiency in the health care delivery system. Avoidable hospital conditions are a useful national indicator to monitor access to care. RP Pappas, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,RM 1100,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Dalla Zuanna, Teresa/G-3133-2015 NR 40 TC 221 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.5.811 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC328 UT WOS:A1997XC32800019 PM 9184511 ER PT J AU Holmberg, SD AF Holmberg, SD TI Interpreting HIV prevalence and incidence among Americans: Bridging data and public policy - Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 866 EP 866 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.5.866 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC328 UT WOS:A1997XC32800035 ER PT J AU Holmberg, SD AF Holmberg, SD TI US HIV prevalence estimates: Why the delay in publication? Response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1997 VL 87 IS 5 BP 874 EP 874 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.5.874-a PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC328 UT WOS:A1997XC32800044 ER PT J AU Villarino, ME Ridzon, R Weismuller, PC Elcock, M Maxwell, RM Meador, J Smith, PJ Carson, ML Geiter, LJ AF Villarino, ME Ridzon, R Weismuller, PC Elcock, M Maxwell, RM Meador, J Smith, PJ Carson, ML Geiter, LJ TI Rifampin preventive therapy for tuberculosis infection - Experience with 157 adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; PROPHYLAXIS; CHILDHOOD AB For persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid (INH), rifampin is recommended for the prevention of active disease. However, the adverse effects and acceptability of this preventive therapy are largely uncharacterized. We prospectively followed 157 high-school students exposed to, and probably infected with, M. tuberculosis strains resistant to INH. All 157 students were prescribed preventive therapy with rifampin (10 mg/kg up to 600 mg daily) for 24 wk. While receiving therapy, 41 (26%) reported one or more adverse effects; of these, 18 had therapy interrupted temporarily, two permanently. Four (2.5%) had alanine aminotransferase elevations greater than two times the upper limit of normal (range, 91 to 161 U/L); of these, one had therapy permanently stopped. Six (3.8%) self-discontinued therapy. No student was found to have active disease during the 2 yr of the study (exact 95% upper confidence limit, 2.2). We assumed that without preventive therapy, seven cases of tuberculosis would have occurred during these 2 yr. Therefore, we estimated that rifampin had a minimum protective effect of 56%. In conclusion, preventive therapy with rifampin was well tolerated and well accepted, and it appears effective in preventing active tuberculosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 21 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 155 IS 5 BP 1735 EP 1738 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA WY793 UT WOS:A1997WY79300039 PM 9154885 ER PT J AU Karanja, DMS Colley, DG Nahlen, BL Ouma, JH Secor, WE AF Karanja, DMS Colley, DG Nahlen, BL Ouma, JH Secor, WE TI Studies on schistosomiasis in western Kenya .1. Evidence for immune-facilitated excretion of schistosome eggs from patients with Schistosoma mansoni and human immunodeficiency virus coinfections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING CATHODIC ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PARASITE SURVIVAL; INFECTED MICE; HIV-INFECTION; T-CELL; RESPONSES; SERUM AB Persons employed as vehicle washers in the town of Kisumu, Kenya are exposed for several hours each day to water in Lake Victoria that contains Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria pheifferi snails. This results in a focus of high endemicity for schistosomiasis and these persons have very high concentrations of eggs in their feces (mean +/- SD = 1,469 +/- 1,581 eggs per gram [EPG] of feces). Fecal egg counts, but not circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) levels, in these schistosomiasis patients differed strikingly based on the patient's seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Patients who were infected with S. mansoni and were seropositive for HIV had similar levels of CCA but excreted fewer eggs (643 +/- 622 EPG; n = 16) than individuals who were not seropositive for HIV infection (1,891 +/- 1,779 EPG; n = 37) (P = 0.009). Egg excretion ratios (EPG/CCA) of the seronegative group were also significantly higher than those of the seropositive group. Those in the seropositive group showed a significant correlative relationship between egg excretion ratios and CD4(+) lymphocyte percentages. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that schistosome eggs exit the human host through the requisite facilitation of functional immune responses, and that the efficacy of this process decreases in schistosomiasis patients co-infected with HIV as their peripheral blood CD4(+) cell levels decrease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. MINIST HLTH,DIV VECTOR BORNE DIS,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 28 TC 145 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 515 EP 521 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XC536 UT WOS:A1997XC53600008 PM 9180601 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Bowen, MD Salas, RA DeManzione, NMC Duno, G Utrera, A Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Nichol, ST DeMiller, E Tovar, D Ramos, B Vasquez, C Tesh, RB AF Fulhorst, CF Bowen, MD Salas, RA DeManzione, NMC Duno, G Utrera, A Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Nichol, ST DeMiller, E Tovar, D Ramos, B Vasquez, C Tesh, RB TI Isolation and characterization of pirital virus, a newly discovered South American arenavirus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; S-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PICHINDE ARENAVIRUS; RODENT RESERVOIR; STRAIN; JUNIN; GENE AB Specific rodent species are principal hosts for each of the well-characterized members of the virus family Arenaviridae. Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae) is the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. A previous study on the epidemiology of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever revealed extensive arenavirus infection (presumed to be caused by Guanarito virus) in two rodent species, Sigmodon alstoni and Zygodontomys brevicauda, collected from the region of Venezuela in which the disease is endemic. In the present study, four arenavirus isolates recovered from the Municipality of Guanarito (two isolates each from S. alstoni and Z. brevicauda) were characterized to learn more about the natural rodent host relationships of Guanarito virus. Serologic tests and analyses of nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data indicated that the two isolates from Z. brevicauda are strains of Guanarito virus and that the two isolates from S. alstoni are representatives of a novel New World arenavirus (proposed name Pirital) that is antigenically and phylogenetically distinct from all known New World arenaviruses. The results of the present study provide further evidence that the cane mouse Z. brevicauda is a natural host of Guanarito virus and suggest that the cotton rat S. alstoni is the natural reservoir host of Pirital but not Guanarito virus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST NACL HIGIENE RAFAEL RANGEL,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. MINIST SANIDAD & ASISTENICIA SOCIAL,REG SANITARIA ESTADO PORTUGUESA,GUANARE,PORTUGUESA,VENEZUELA. UNIV NACL EXPT LOS LLANOS OCCIDENTALES EZEQUIEL Z,GUANARE,PORTUGUESA,VENEZUELA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,CTR TROP DIS,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-33983] NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 548 EP 553 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA XC536 UT WOS:A1997XC53600013 PM 9180606 ER PT J AU StGeorge, DMM Schoenbach, VJ Reynolds, GH Nwangwu, J AdamsCampbell, L AF StGeorge, DMM Schoenbach, VJ Reynolds, GH Nwangwu, J AdamsCampbell, L TI Recruitment of minority students to US epidemiology degree programs SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE minority groups; student recruitment; schools, public health; schools, veterinary; epidemiology; minority health AB PURPOSE: African-, Hispanic-, and Native Americans are underrepresented in the field of epidemiol including degree programs. As part of the assessment component of its mandate, the American College of Epidemiology Committee on Minority Affairs conducted a survey of minority recruitment activities of U.S. epidemiology degree programs. METHODS: The survey, containing questions related to marketing activities, institutional infrastructure, financial support, academic offerings, and receptive/supportive environment, was mailed to all programs identified in Episource as offering epidemiology degrees. Separate responses were requested concerning activities at the department and school levels. RESULTS: Fifty-two completed questionnaires were received (response rate of 79%). All but two institutions had at least one activity conducted by either the department or the school. However, all activities were more common at the school-than at the department-level. Indeed, some activities [a written minority student recruitment plan (6% of departments and 52% of schools), personnel with minority recruitment responsibilities (4% of departments and 73% of schools)] were almost exclusively school-sponsored, Although marketing-type activities were the most common minority recruitment tool used by departments, only 21% made visits to minority schools, 17% visited other colleges specifically to recruit minorities, and 12% produced materials targeted to ethnic/racial minorities. Six percent of the departments and 19% of the schools offered financial support (grants, fellowships, scholarships) to almost all underrepresented minority students. CONCLUSIONS: Even though individual epidemiology degree programs may not see a need for general recruitment activities in order to maintain the size of their applicant peel, minority-specific recruitment activities should be undertaken to enhance and diversify that pool. We recommend that epidemiology departments develop, adopt, and implement comprehensive written plans for the recruit ment of underrepresented minority students into their programs. (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. SO CONNECTICUT STATE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06515. HOWARD UNIV,CTR CANC,WASHINGTON,DC 20059. RP StGeorge, DMM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CB 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA16086-1451, R01 CA64060] NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 304 EP 310 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XC102 UT WOS:A1997XC10200012 PM 9177114 ER PT J AU Schulz, KF AF Schulz, KF TI The quest for unbiased research: Randomized clinical trials and the CONSORT reporting guidelines SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY; BIAS RP Schulz, KF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 41 IS 5 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1002/ana.410410504 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WZ809 UT WOS:A1997WZ80900003 PM 9153517 ER PT J AU Paxton, RJ Fries, I Pieniazek, NJ Tengo, J AF Paxton, RJ Fries, I Pieniazek, NJ Tengo, J TI High incidence of infection of an undescribed microsporidium (Microspora) in the communal bee Andrena scotica (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Andrena scotica; communal bee; infection; Microspora; microsporidium ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; SEX-RATIO; PARASITE; NOSEMATIDAE; RELATEDNESS; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS; COLONY; APIDAE AB We document the abundance and distribution of the spores of an undescribed species of microsporidium within its host, the communal bee Andrena scotica, and relationships between this parasite and its host, Only the host's adipose tissue (fat bodies) appeared infected, with up to 118 x 10(6) spores per bee. All hosts at one field site were infected. High spore load within hosts appeared to curtail female reproductive activity. However, we were unable to discern the microsporidium's effects on male fecundity in that some males with a high spore load did undertake mate searching activity. Longevities of naturally infected A scotica males and females in a flight cage were apparently unaffected by the microsporidium. Spores were found in A scotica from other field sites but not in other species of bees, suggesting the microsporidium has a high degree of host specificity. C1 SWEDISH UNIV AGR SCI,DEPT ENTOMOL,S-75007 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UPPSALA UNIV,ECOL RES STN,S-38693 FARJESTADEN,SWEDEN. RP Paxton, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TUBINGEN,INST ZOOL,LEHRSTUHL ENTWICKLUNGSPHYSIOL,MORGENSTELLE 28,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. RI Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015 OI Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-AUG PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1051/apido:19970304 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA XZ623 UT WOS:A1997XZ62300004 ER PT J AU Steinert, M Emody, L Amann, R Hacker, J AF Steinert, M Emody, L Amann, R Hacker, J TI Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Legionella pneumophila Philadelphia JR32 by Acanthamoeba castellanii SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; INTRACELLULAR INFECTION; HUMAN MACROPHAGES; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; WATER; AMEBAS; CELLS; GENE AB Legionella pneumophila is an aquatic bacterium and is responsible for Legionnaires' disease in humans, Free living amoebae are parasitized by legionellae and provide the intracellular environment required for the replication of this bacterium, In low-nutrient environments, however, L. pneumophila is able to enter a nonreplicative viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, In this study, L. pneumophila Philadelphia I JR 32 was suspended in sterilized tap water at 10(4) cells/ml. The decreasing number of bacteria was monitored by CFU measurements, acridine orange direct count (AODC), and hybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes, After 125 days of incubation in water, the cells were no longer culturable on routine plating media; however, they were still detectable by AODC and by in situ hybridization. The addition of Acanthamoeba castellanii to the dormant bacteria resulted in the resuscitation of L. pneumophila JR 32 to a culturable state, A comparison of plate-grown legionellae and reactivated cells showed that the capacity for intracellular survival in human monocytes and intraperitoneally infected guinea pigs, which is considered a parameter for virulence, was not reduced in the reactivated cells, However, reactivation of dormant legionellae was not observed in the animal model. C1 UNIV WURZBURG,INST MOL INFEKT BIOL,D-97070 WURZBURG,GERMANY. TECH UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL MIKROBIOL,D-80290 MUNICH,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PECS,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,H-7643 PECS,HUNGARY. RI Amann, Rudolf/C-6534-2014 OI Amann, Rudolf/0000-0002-0846-7372 NR 46 TC 226 Z9 234 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 63 IS 5 BP 2047 EP 2053 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WX361 UT WOS:A1997WX36100062 PM 9143134 ER PT J AU Mackie, JT Kaufman, L Ellis, D AF Mackie, JT Kaufman, L Ellis, D TI Confirmed histoplasmosis in an Australian dog SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WOMENS & CHILDRENS HOSP,MYCOL UNIT,ADELAIDE,SA 5006,AUSTRALIA. RP Mackie, JT (reprint author), VET PATHOL SERV PTY LTD,POB 1119,COORPAROO,QLD 4151,AUSTRALIA. RI Ellis, David/B-3677-2011 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI VICTORIA PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, VICTORIA 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 75 IS 5 BP 362 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb15718.x PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WY398 UT WOS:A1997WY39800033 PM 9196829 ER PT J AU Adams, DH Yannelli, JR Newman, W Lawley, T Ades, E Rosenberg, SA Shaw, S AF Adams, DH Yannelli, JR Newman, W Lawley, T Ades, E Rosenberg, SA Shaw, S TI Adhesion of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes to endothelium: A phenotypic and functional analysis SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes; endothelium; melanoma ID T-CELL ACTIVATION; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; METASTATIC MELANOMA; EFFECTOR-CELLS; ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; HOMING RECEPTOR; LYMPH-NODE; L-SELECTIN; EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN AB Efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with cultured tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) depends upon infused TILs migrating into tumour-bearing tissue, in which they mediate an anti-tumour response. For TILs to enter a tumour, they must first bind to tumour endothelium, and this process depends on TILs expressing and regulating the function of relevant cell-surface receptors. We analysed the cell-surface phenotype and endothelial binding of TILs cultured from human melanoma and compared them with peripheral blood T cells end with allostimulated T cells cultured under similar conditions. Compared with peripheral blood T cells, TILs expressed high levels of five integrins, two other adhesion molecules, including the skin homing molecule CLA, and several activation markers and showed markedly enhanced integrin-mediated adhesion to a dermal microvascular endothelial cell line in vitro. Compared with the allostimulated T cells, TILs expressed higher levels of the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA), the adhesion molecule CD31 and the activation markers CD30 and CD69, but lower levels of several other adhesion and activation molecules. These phenotypic and functional properties of TILs should have complex effects on their migration in vivo. Expression of CLA, the skin homing receptor, may increase migration to melanoma (a skin cancer), whereas integrin activation may cause non-specific binding of TILs to other endothelium. Manipulation of the culture conditions in which TILs are expanded might result in a phenotype that is more conducive to selective tumour homing in vivo. C1 NCI,EXPT IMMUNOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. NCI,SURG BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. LEUKOSITE,BOSTON,MA 02115. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Adams, DH (reprint author), UNIV BIRMINGHAM,DEPT MED,LIVER RES LABS,BIRMINGHAM B15 2TH,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RI Adams, David/C-9092-2009 NR 71 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD MAY PY 1997 VL 75 IS 10 BP 1421 EP 1431 DI 10.1038/bjc.1997.245 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA WZ284 UT WOS:A1997WZ28400004 PM 9166933 ER PT J AU Ward, EM Burnett, CA Ruder, A DavisKing, K AF Ward, EM Burnett, CA Ruder, A DavisKing, K TI Industries and cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Review DE cancer; industries ID CAPACITOR MANUFACTURING WORKERS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; PETROLEUM REFINERY WORKERS; RUBBER INDUSTRY; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY; KIDNEY CANCER; SHOE INDUSTRY; META-ANALYSIS AB Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between selected industries and cancer is reviewed, This article will focus on several industries which have not been covered elsewhere in this volume, briefly describe current research on cancer in the agricultural and construction industries, and discuss surveillance data on cancer mortality in relation to industry listed on US death certificates. Employment in the rubber industry has been associated with bladder cancer, leukemia, stomach, and lung cancer and is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to have 'sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans.' Studies of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have reported excess mortality from gastrointestinal neoplasms, hematologic neoplasms, and skin cancer (specifically malignant melanoma); IARC considers that the evidence for carcinogenicity in humans is 'limited.' Employment in the boot and shoe industry has been associated with nasal adenocarcinomas in England and Italy ('sufficient'). Hairdressers and barbers have been found to have excess bladder cancer and less consistent evidence for several other sites ('limited'). Workers exposed to wood dust have excess mortality from cancer of the nasal sinuses and paranasal cavities; there is less consistent evidence for excess laryngeal cancer ('sufficient'). Workers employed in the petroleum industry have limited evidence for excess leukemia and other lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms, and skin cancer (particularly malignant melanoma) ('limited'). RP Ward, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,MAILSTOP R-13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 94 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 356 EP 370 DI 10.1023/A:1018405321141 PG 15 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG202 UT WOS:A1997XG20200009 PM 9498899 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Stayner, L AF Steenland, K Stayner, L TI Silica, asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, and cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE asbestos; lung cancer; mineral fibers; silica ID VERMONT GRANITE WORKERS; LUNG-CANCER; CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY EXPERIENCE; UNITED-STATES; DUST EXPOSURE; FACTORY-WORKERS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; CEMENT WORKERS AB Approximately three million workers in the United States are estimated to be exposed to silica, man-made mineral fibers, and asbestos. The lung is the primary target organ of concern. Each of these substances is composed predominantly of silicon and oxygen; asbestos and silica are crystalline, and asbestos and man-made mineral fibers are fibers. Man-made mineral fibers and asbestos are used as insulating agents, with the former having generally replaced the latter in recent years. Silica is used in foundries, pottery, and brick making, and is encountered by miners. A meta-analysis of 16 of the largest studies with well-documented silica exposure and low probability of confounding by other occupational exposures, indicates a relative risk (RR) of 1.3 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-1.4). Lung cancer risks are highest and most consistent for silicotics, who have received the highest doses (RR = 2.3, CI = 2.2-2.4, across 19 studies). The data for mineral fibers continue to support the International Association for Research on Cancer's 1988 judgment that mineral fibers are a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B). Recent epidemiologic studies provide little evidence for lung carcinogenicity for either glass wool or rock/slag wool. Ceramic fibers, a much less common exposure than glass wool and rock/slag wool, are of concern because of positive animal studies, but there are insufficient human data. Regarding asbestos, its carcinogenicity for the lung and mesothelium is well established. With regard to the controversy over chrysotile and mesothelioma, the data suggest chrysotile does cause mesothelioma, although it may be less potent than amphibole asbestos. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, MAILSTOP R-13, 4676 COLUMBIA PKWY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 113 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 491 EP 503 DI 10.1023/A:1018469607938 PG 13 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XG202 UT WOS:A1997XG20200016 PM 9498906 ER PT J AU Gunter, EW AF Gunter, EW TI Biological and environmental specimen banking at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium & Workshop on Biological Environmental Specimen Banking (BESB-2) CY MAY 20-23, 1996 CL SWEDISH MUSEUM NAT HIST, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN HO SWEDISH MUSEUM NAT HIST ID EXPOSURE AB Scientific programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention encompass diverse public health interests. These programs include investigations of newly emerging infectious diseases, assessments of chronic disease risk factors, and evaluations of environmental health hazards. Since the early 1960s, CDC has maintained a specimen bank to retain aliquots of biological specimens collected from a variety of epidemiologic investigations as well as from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). CDC's National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also maintains a repository of environmental materials from its investigations. To extend its repository capabilities more effectively, CDC has begun developing a new facility that, when finished, will meet CDC's storage needs for both biological and environmental specimens. A highly complex but very flexible information management system for this project, enabling the storage of data related to studies for which these specimens were originally collected, has already been completed. Proper specimen collection, archiving, and short- or long-term storage of specimens for environmental health-related analyses is critical for the work of the staff of the Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, who perform a variety of biochemical analyses on biological specimens, including quantitation of dioxins, furans, coplanar PCBs, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, metabolites, essential and toxic trace elements, vitamins, and lipids, and also conduct genetic screening, Information regarding these analytes is an essential part of the CDC Repository Database. RP Gunter, EW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAY PY 1997 VL 34 IS 9-10 BP 1945 EP 1953 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00056-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WY925 UT WOS:A1997WY92500009 PM 9159897 ER PT J AU Nicholson, JKA Stein, D Mui, T Mack, R Hubbard, M Denny, T AF Nicholson, JKA Stein, D Mui, T Mack, R Hubbard, M Denny, T TI Evaluation of a method for counting absolute numbers of cells with a flow cytometer SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD4; HEMATOLOGY AB We evaluated a method for performing absolute cell counts of lymphocyte populations with a flow cytometer, In this method, TruCount, test tubes that contain a known number of brightly fluorescent polystyrene beads are provided by the manufacturer, Whole anticoagulated blood is accurately pipetted into the tubes and mixed with fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies, the erythrocytes are lysed, and this mixture is analyzed on the Bow cytometer, Absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets are calculated by determining the ratio of beads to the cell population of interest and then multiplying this ratio by the number of beads in the tube, We found this method to be reproducible. The values we obtained by the TruCount method were 5 to 10% higher than those obtained by conventional methods (flow cytometry and automated hematology) used to determine absolute numbers of cells, We believe that these differences are due to the methods of determining absolute cell counts and not to faulty identification of lymphocyte subsets. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,DEPT PEDIAT,NEWARK,NJ 07103. RP Nicholson, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Denny, Thomas/0000-0002-7364-8276 NR 12 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 4 IS 3 BP 309 EP 313 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WX249 UT WOS:A1997WX24900014 PM 9144369 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Thompson, TJ Herman, WH Boyle, JP Aubert, RE Kenny, SJ Badran, A Sous, ES Ali, MA AF Engelgau, MM Thompson, TJ Herman, WH Boyle, JP Aubert, RE Kenny, SJ Badran, A Sous, ES Ali, MA TI Comparison of fasting and 2-hour glucose and HbA(1c) levels for diagnosing diabetes - Diagnostic criteria and performance revisited SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID TOLERANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN; PIMA INDIANS; BIMODALITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; NIDDM; TESTS; YR AB OBJECTIVE - Nearly two decades ago, the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus published diagnostic criteria for diabetes. We undertook this study to compare the performance of three glycemic measures for diagnosing diabetes and to evaluate the performance of the WHO criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - In a cross-sectional population-based sample of 1,018 Egyptians greater than or equal to 20 years of age, fasting and 2-h glucose and HbA(1c) levels were measured, and diabetic retinopathy was assessed by retinal photograph. Evidence for bimodal distributions was examined for each glycemic measure by fitting models for the mixture of two distributions using maximum likelihood estimates, Sensitivity and specificity for cutpoints of each glycemic measure were calculated by defining the true diabetes state (gold standard) as 1) the upper (diabetic) component of the fitted bimodal distribution for each glycemic measure, and 2) the presence of diabetic retinopathy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the performance of the glycemic measures in detecting diabetes as defined by diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS - In the total population, the point of intersection of the lower and upper components that minimized misclassification for the fasting and 2-h glucose and HbA(1c) were 7.2 mmol/l (129 mg/dl), 11.5 mmol/l (207 mg/dl), and 6.7%, respectively. When diabetic retinopathy was used to define diabetes, ROC curve analyses found that fasting and 2-h glucose values were superior to HbA(1c) (P < 0.01). The performance of a fasting glucose of 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) was similar to a 2-h glucose of 12.2-12.8 mmol/l (220-230 mg/dl), and the performance of a 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) 2-h glucose was similar to a fasting glucose of 6.9-7.2 mmol/l (125-130 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS - Optimal cutpoints for defining diabetes differ according to how diabetes itself is defined. When diabetes is defined as the upper component of the bimodal population distribution, a fasting glucose level somewhat lower than the current WHO cutpoint and a 2-h glucose level somewhat higher than the current WHO cutpoint minimized misclassification. When diabetic retinopathy defines diabetes, we found that the current fasting diagnostic criterion favors specificity and the current 2-h criterion favors sensitivity. These results should prove valuable for defining the optimal tests and cutpoint values for diagnosing diabetes. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV ENDOCRINOL & METAB,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,ATLANTA,GA. QUINTILES INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. MINIST HLTH,INST DIABET,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 35 TC 217 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 1997 VL 20 IS 5 BP 785 EP 791 DI 10.2337/diacare.20.5.785 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WW589 UT WOS:A1997WW58900018 PM 9135943 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Janes, GR Ziemer, DC Phillips, LS AF Anderson, LA Janes, GR Ziemer, DC Phillips, LS TI Diabetes in urban African Americans. Body image, satisfaction with size, and weight change attempts SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID BLACK-WOMEN; WHITE; PERCEPTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; HEALTH AB We developed two gender specific sets of body-size silhouettes for evaluating body image in African Americans; 370 clinic-based adult participants with diabetes were queried on body image, perceptions, current efforts to change weight, and psychosocial variables. Comparisons were made by weight group and sex after classification as overweight or nor over-weight according to body mass index (BMI). Regardless of sex or weight category, perceived current body size was significantly related to BMI. Both men and women who were classified as overweight selected a desired body size that was significantly smaller than their perceived current size. Men, however were more likely than women to select a larger desired size relative to their current size. Both men and women expected the dietitian to favor a body size smaller than their own desired size and felt their designated important adult would choose the same desired size that they selected Given the importance of cognitive perspectives in understanding weight management, it may be useful to incorporate body image measures into both observational and interventional studies. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT K30,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK48124] NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1177/014572179702300309 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WY879 UT WOS:A1997WY87900008 PM 9257621 ER PT J AU Rigby, EW Plouffe, JF Hackman, BA Hill, DS Benson, RF Breiman, RF AF Rigby, EW Plouffe, JF Hackman, BA Hill, DS Benson, RF Breiman, RF TI Stability of Legionella urinary antigens over time SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 19-24, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; PNEUMONIA AB Twenty-two urine samples positive for Legionella pneumophila serogroup I antigen by EQUATE radioimmunoassay (RIA) (Binax, Portland, ME, LISA) were stored at various temperatures and the RTA repeated at 1, 7, 30, 90, and 120 days to evaluate stability of the urinary antigens. The mean ratios of patient/negative control remained stable. Although there was a 10% decrease in the mean ratios after 1 month, changes were not significant. However, individual samples with ratios close to 3 may fall to <3. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,MED CTR,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(97)89153-5 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH431 UT WOS:A1997XH43100001 PM 9218912 ER PT J AU Fuchs, PC Barry, AL Brown, SD Allen, SD Bauman, M Jorgensen, JH Tenover, FC AF Fuchs, PC Barry, AL Brown, SD Allen, SD Bauman, M Jorgensen, JH Tenover, FC TI Reproducibility of broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility tests of nine antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Collaborative studies documented the reproducibility of broth microdilution susceptibility tests of Streptococcus pneumoniae against nine antimicrobial agents and of disk diffusion tests with six of those drugs. Replicate rests of Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 in five different laboratories led to the following provisional quality control limits: cefdinir-0.03 to 0.25 mu g/ml and 26 to 31 mm; cefetamet-0.5 to 2 mu g/ml and 20 to 25 mm; ciprofloxacin-0.25 to 1 mu g/ml and 20 to 26 mm; clinafloxacin-0.03 to 0.125 mu g/ml and 28 to 34 mm; grepafloxacin-0.06 to 0.5 mu g/ml and 21 to 28 mm; PD131628-0.125 to 0.5 mu g/ml and 24 to 29 mm; clindamycin-0.03 to 0.12 mu g/ml; cefpodoxime-0.03 to 0.12 mu g/ml; and trospectomycin-1 to 4 mu g/ml (disk tests were not evaluated for the latter three drugs). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Fuchs, PC (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(97)89155-9 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XH431 UT WOS:A1997XH43100004 PM 9218915 ER PT J AU Shealy, DB Barr, JR Ashley, DL Patterson, DG Camann, DE Bond, AE AF Shealy, DB Barr, JR Ashley, DL Patterson, DG Camann, DE Bond, AE TI Correlation of environmental carbaryl measurements with serum and urinary 1-naphthol measurements in a farmer applicator and his family SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air; carbaryl; farmer; 1-naphthol; serum; urine ID WORKERS AB In exposure or risk assessments, both environmental and biological measurements are often used. Environmental measurements are an excellent means for evaluating regulatory compliance, but the models used to estimate body burden from these measurements are complex. Unless all possible routes of exposure (i.e., inhalation, dermal absorption, ingestion) are evaluated, exposure to a toxicant can be underestimated. To circumvent this problem, measurements of the internal dose of a toxicant in blood, serum, urine, or tissues can be used singularly or in combination with environmental data for exposure assessment. In three separate laboratories, carbaryl or its primary metabolite, 1-naphthol, was measured in personal air, dermal samples, blood serum, and urine from farmer applicators and their families. The usefulness of both environmental and biological data has been demonstrated. For the farmer applicator, the environmental levels of carbaryl would have been sufficient to determine that an exposure had occurred. However, biological measurements were necessary to determine the absorbed dose of each member of the applicator's family. In addition, a correlation between serum and urinary 1-naphthol measurements has been shown; therefore, either matrix can be used to accurately evaluate occupational carbaryl exposure. C1 SW RES INST,DEPT ENVIRONM CHEM,DIV CHEM & CHEM ENGN,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP Shealy, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 15 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 105 IS 5 BP 510 EP 513 DI 10.1289/ehp.97105510 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA XF983 UT WOS:A1997XF98300017 PM 9222136 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Deddens, JA AF Steenland, K Deddens, JA TI Increased precision using countermatching in nested case-control studies SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiologic methods; case control studies; study design; countermatching AB Nested case-control studies in occupational cohorts are often used to estimate exposure effects when development of detailed exposure estimates for all cohort members is too costly. Duration of exposure, which can act as a surrogate for cumulative exposure, is often readily available for all cohort mem hers. Langholz and others have recently proposed a method of control selection called countermatching, which uses data on the surrogate to determine which controls are selected from the risk set for a given case. This method may increase precision relative to the usual random sampling of the risk set. We compare countermatching with random sampling in a nested case control study of silicosis among miners. Data on cumulative exposure were in fact available for all cohort members, enabling estimation of the parameter of interest in the full cohort. We conducted nested case-control analyses using 100, 20, 10, and 3 controls per case using random sampling and additional analyses using 3 controls per case with two different methods of countermatching. All analyses were replicated 50 times to explore the statistical properties of the estimated exposure parameter. We found that one of the countermatching methods markedly increased efficiency compared with random sampling. Countermatching using 3 controls per case yielded an approximate 25% increase in relative efficiency compared with random sampling; it was approximately equivalent to random sampling using 10 controls. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 238 EP 242 DI 10.1097/00001648-199705000-00002 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WV745 UT WOS:A1997WV74500006 PM 9115016 ER PT J AU Schnorr, TM Steenland, K AF Schnorr, TM Steenland, K TI Identifying deaths before 1979 using the social security administration death master file SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mortality studies; Social Security Administration; vital status ID VITAL STATUS; MORTALITY; WORKERS; ASCERTAINMENT; CANCER; INDEX AB For cohort studies, the Social Security Administration (SSA) traditionally has been the principal source of deaths that occurred before 1979. In 1988, the SSA abolished a system that provided a relatively complete accounting of deaths and replaced it with the Death Master File. We examined the completeness of the SSA Death Master File by comparing it with the U.S. Vital Statistics records and by searching the SSA Death Master File for known decedents from seven cohorts. Overall, only 53% of reported U.S. deaths and 75% of known deaths in our seven cohorts were included in the SSA Death Master File. Ascertainment was better after 1975 (89 - 95%). A re-analysis of two cohorts that excluded deaths before 1979 not found in the SSA Death Master File resulted in 20-35% decreases in both standardized mortality ratios and dose-response trends. Although the SSA system before 1988 provided relatively complete vital status information the SSA Death Master File is inadequate for vital status determination. New cohorts with a substantial number of deaths before the inception of the National Death Index in 1979 will be most seriously affected. RP Schnorr, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1097/00001648-199705000-00017 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WV745 UT WOS:A1997WV74500021 PM 9115031 ER PT J AU Kock, NP Petersen, H Fenner, T Sobottka, I Schmetz, C Deplazes, P Pieniazek, NJ Albrecht, H Schottelius, J AF Kock, NP Petersen, H Fenner, T Sobottka, I Schmetz, C Deplazes, P Pieniazek, NJ Albrecht, H Schottelius, J TI Species-specific identification of microsporidia in stool and intestinal biopsy specimens by the polymerase chain reaction SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AIDS PATIENTS; N-SP; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; SPORES; PCR; DIAGNOSIS AB In view of the increasing number of cases of human microsporidiosis, simple and rapid methods for clear identification of microsporidian parasites to the species level are required, in the present study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for species-specific detection of Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon hellem, Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in both tissue and stool. Using stool specimens and intestinal biopsies of patients infected with Enterocytozoon bieneusi (n = 9), Encephalitozoon spp. (n = 2), and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (n = 1) as well as stool spiked with spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem and tissue cultures of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem, three procedures were developed to produce PCR-ready DNA directly from the samples. Specific detection of microsporidian pathogens was achieved in the first PCR, The subsequent nested PCR permitted species determination and verified the first PCR products. Without exception, the PCR assay confirmed electron microscopic detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis in stool specimens and their corresponding biopsies and in spiked stool samples and tissue cultures infected with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Encephalitozoon hellem. Moreover, identification of Encephalitozoon spp. could be specified as Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Whereas standard methods such as light and transmission electron microscopy may lack sensitivity or require more time and special equipment, the PCR procedure described facilitates species-specific identification of microsporidian parasites in stool, biopsies, and, probably, other samples in about five hours. C1 BERNHARD NOCHT INST TROP MED,ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LAB,D-20359 HAMBURG,GERMANY. DRES FENNER & PARTNERS,INST CLIN PATHOL & MICROBIOL,HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG,HOSP EPPENDORF,INST MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,D-20246 HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG,HOSP EPPENDORF,DEPT INTERNAL MED,D-20246 HAMBURG,GERMANY. UNIV ZURICH,INST PARASITOL,CH-8057 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Kock, NP (reprint author), BERNHARD NOCHT INST TROP MED,SECT PARASITOL,BERNHARD NOCHT STR 74,D-20359 HAMBURG,GERMANY. RI Albrecht, Helmut/D-5319-2011 NR 41 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU MMW MEDIZIN VERLAG GMBH PI MUNICH PA MUNCHEN, SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, D-81664 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1007/BF01726365 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA XF945 UT WOS:A1997XF94500006 PM 9228477 ER PT J AU Gazmararian, JA Koplan, JP Cogswell, ME Bailey, CM Davis, NA Cutler, CM AF Gazmararian, JA Koplan, JP Cogswell, ME Bailey, CM Davis, NA Cutler, CM TI Maternity experiences in a managed care organization SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Association-of-Health-Plans / Agency-for-Health-Care-Policy-and-Research Meeting CY MAR 29, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Agcy Hlth Care Policy & Res ID EARLY POSTPARTUM DISCHARGE; EARLY HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; EARLY NEWBORN DISCHARGE; BIRTH; END AB We conducted a telephone survey of female managed care enrollees who recently had a normal vaginal delivery to examine the relationship between hospital length-of-stay and maternal characteristics, pregnancy factors, length-of-stay preferences, and postdischarge experiences. Results indicated that length-of-stay varied by maternal characteristics and pregnancy factors. Length-of-stay and maternal or newborn readmissions were not statistically associated. Most respondents reported that they would be willing to go home within twenty-four hours after future deliveries if additional services were provided. Emphasis should be placed on which services can be provided to prepare and assist mothers through the perinatal period. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE CO AMER,ROSELAND,NJ. RP Gazmararian, JA (reprint author), PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH RES,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.16.3.198 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA WW876 UT WOS:A1997WW87600023 PM 9141337 ER PT J AU Fried, MW Khudyakov, YE Smallwood, GA Cong, ME Nichols, B Diaz, E Siefert, P Gutekunst, K Gordon, RD Boyer, TD Fields, HA AF Fried, MW Khudyakov, YE Smallwood, GA Cong, ME Nichols, B Diaz, E Siefert, P Gutekunst, K Gordon, RD Boyer, TD Fields, HA TI Hepatitis G virus co-infection in liver transplantation recipients with chronic hepatitis C and nonviral chronic liver disease SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-INFECTION; RECURRENT; RNA AB Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly described RNA virus that is parenterally transmitted and has been found frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, To determine the impact of hepatitis G virus co-infection on morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation, we measured HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction in pre and posttransplantation sera from a cohort of patients transplanted for chronic hepatitis C and a control group of patients transplanted for nonviral causes mho were negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum. The overall prevalence rate of HGV RNA in transplanted patients with chronic hepatitis C was 20.7%. HGV infection was present before transplantation in 13% while it appeared to have been acquired at the time of transplantation in 7.4%. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic histological activity, and patient and graft survival were similar between HGV-positive and HGV-negative patients. The prevalence rate of HGV RNA in transplanted controls was 64% (P < .01) with a significantly higher rate of acquisition of HGV infection following transplantation (53%, P < .001) when compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C. Mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly lower in the control patients with HGV infection alone following transplantation than in patients co-infected with hepatitis C (37 +/- 9 vs. 70 +/- 33 U/L, P < .01), Thus, HGV is frequently found in transplantation patients co-infected with hepatitis C although it appears to have minimal clinical impact, In patients transplanted for nonviral causes of end-stage liver disease, a high Fate of hepatitis G acquisition at the time of transplantation may occur but does not appear to predispose to chronic hepatitis. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHARM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. ROCHE MOL SYST,BRANCHBURG,NJ. RP Fried, MW (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV DIGEST DIS,ROOM 2101,WOODRUFF MEM BLDG,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 1997 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1002/hep.510250536 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA WX604 UT WOS:A1997WX60400037 PM 9141451 ER PT J AU Sampson, JS Furlow, Z Whitney, AM Williams, D Facklam, R Carlone, GM AF Sampson, JS Furlow, Z Whitney, AM Williams, D Facklam, R Carlone, GM TI Limited diversity of Streptococcus pneumoniae psaA among pneumococcal vaccine serotypes SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ORAL STREPTOCOCCI; SURFACE PROTEIN; GENE; COAGGREGATION; CLONING; PATHOGENESIS; LIPOPROTEINS; PROTECTION; ADHESINS AB The pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) is a surface-exposed protein of the gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. It belongs to a group of proteins designated the lipoprotein receptor I antigen family. The gene encoding PsaA from an encapsulated strain of pneumococcal serotype 6B was cloned and sequenced. The peptide sequence was compared to that of homologs found in S. pneumoniae serotype 2, viridans streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. Identity values among the deduced peptides ranged from 57 to 98%. The polymorphism of psaA was examined among the 23 encapsulated vaccine serotypes by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Ten different enzymes were used to analyze 80 strains representing the 23 serotypes in a 23 valent polysaccharide vaccine. This analysis showed that restriction sites within the gene were highly conserved, with only a minor variation occurring in 10% of the strains, the result of an additional Tsp509I site. The lack of variation for the other restriction sites within the gene examined here indicates that psaA is genetically conserved, an important characteristic necessary for a candidate common protein vaccine. RP Sampson, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP G05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1967 EP 1971 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WW398 UT WOS:A1997WW39800060 PM 9125591 ER PT J AU Miller, BR Crabtree, MB Savage, HM AF Miller, BR Crabtree, MB Savage, HM TI Phylogenetic relationships of the Culicomorpha inferred from 18S and 5.8S ribosomal DNA sequences (Diptera: Nematocera) SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nematocera; Culicomorpha; phylogeny; ribosomal DNA; mosquito; 18S; 5.8S ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; GENOME EVOLUTION; RNA GENES; TREES; IDENTIFICATION; RECONSTRUCTION; MOSQUITOS; INFERENCE; MEMBERS; LIMITS AB We investigated the evolutionary origins of the mosquito family Culicidae by examination of 18S and 5.8S ribosomal gene sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that within the infraorder Culicomorpha, taxa in the families Corethrellidae, Chaoboridae and Culicidae formed a monophyletic group; there was support for a sister relationship between this lineage and a representative of the Chironomidae. A chaoborid midge was the closest relative of the mosquitoes. Taxa from four genera of mosquitoes formed a monophyletic group; lack of a spacer in the 5.8S gene was unique to members of the Culicidae. A member of the genus Anopheles formed the most basal lineage among the mosquitoes analysed. Phylogenetic relationships were unresolved for representatives in the families Dixidae, Simuliidae and Ceratopogonidae. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & ECOL SECT,ARBOVIURS DIS BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRUS & VECTOR MOL BIOL SECT,ARBOVIURS DIS BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 48 TC 62 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.1997.tb00078.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA XC012 UT WOS:A1997XC01200001 PM 9099574 ER PT J AU Yang, JS Lee, MY Park, IJ Moon, YH Kang, SK AF Yang, JS Lee, MY Park, IJ Moon, YH Kang, SK TI Korean analytical quality assurance (KAQUA) program for biological monitoring SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE analytical quality assurance program; biological monitoring; lead in blood; hippuric acid in urine ID BLOOD; LEAD AB The Korean analytical quality assurance (KAQUA) program on biological monitoring was performed by the Industrial Health Research Institute in Korea in spring, 1995. The object of the KAQUA program is to improve the analysis capability for the biological monitoring of hazardous chemicals and to confirm the reliability of data from each laboratory. The items chosen for the first round were analyses of lead in blood (PbB) and of hippuric acid in urine (I-IAU). Eighty-eight laboratories in Korea participated in this program. Two levels of samples, randomly chosen among six levels for each item, were sent to the participants. The consensus value from participants and reference laboratories was determined by statistical analysis and used as a reference value. The tolerance range was +/-15% (+/- 6 mu g/dl for PbB below 40 mu g/dl) of the reference value. The mean proficiency rate of analytical data increased dramatically in the first round compared with a pre-round that was provided as part of a training course for participants before performing the first round. The mean proficiency rate of PbB was 69% at pre-round and increased at 91% at the first round; for HAU the increase was from 58% to 88%. Not only the analytical results but also raw data were reviewed to find problems which might have arisen during the analytical process. Re-education courses provided after final evaluation of each participant by means of telephone discussion, correspondence course, and experimental practice, were helpful in achieving the purpose of the analytical quality assurance program. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Yang, JS (reprint author), KOREA IND SAFETY CORP,IND HLTH RES INST,BUPYEONG KU,34-6 KUSAN DONG,INCHON 403120,SOUTH KOREA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 1997 VL 69 IS 5 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s004200050161 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XB014 UT WOS:A1997XB01400011 PM 9192222 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Baker, CN AF Tenover, FC Baker, CN TI Development of provisional disc diffusion breakpoints for testing quinupristin/dalfopristin SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID RP-59500 QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; INVITRO ACTIVITY; RP 59500; SEMISYNTHETIC STREPTOGRAMIN; STAPHYLOCOCCI AB Quinupristin/dalfopristin is an injectable streptogramin with broad activity against many Gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureos and Enterococcus faecium. Although a number of studies have reported the MICs of this compound against a variety of bacteria, there are no published reports of disc diffusion testing. We tested total disc masses of 7.5 and 15 mu g with varying ratios of the component compounds, quinupristin and dalfopristin, combined in the following quinupristin: dalfopristin ratios (in mu g): 7.5:0, 0:7.5, 10:5, 5:10, 5:2.5 and 2.5:5. Zone diameters and MICs were determined in parallel for 44 isolates of staphylococci, 47 isolates pneumococci and 64 isolates of enterococci. Control strains were included for each species tested, including a strain of Enterococcus faecalis with known resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin. Using tentative definitions for quinupristin/dalfopristin of less than or equal to 2 mg/L as susceptible and,greater than or equal to 4 mg/L as resistant, each of the four discs containing ratios of both component compounds separated presumptive susceptible organisms from resistant ones better than either quinupristin or dalfopristin alone. The best correlation of zone sizes and MICs for predicting susceptibility to quinupristin/dalfopristin at an MIC of less than or equal to 2 mg/L was achieved with the 5 mu g:10 mu g disc and a zone diameter of greater than or equal to 18 mm. These criteria may be useful for identifying organisms that are presumptively susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 39 SU A BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1093/jac/39.suppl_1.81 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XP036 UT WOS:A1997XP03600016 PM 9511069 ER PT J AU Forng, RY Ekechukwu, CR Subbarao, S Morse, SA Genco, CA AF Forng, RY Ekechukwu, CR Subbarao, S Morse, SA Genco, CA TI Promoter mapping and transcriptional regulation of the iron-regulated Neisseria gonorrhoeae fbpA gene SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BINDING-PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL GENE; FUR HOMOLOG; MENINGITIDIS; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSFERRIN; VIRULENCE AB In this study, we have mapped the promoter region of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae ferric iron binding protein-encoding gene fbpA, determined the start point of transcription, and examined the accumulation of fbpA mRNA, Primer extension analysis of the fbpA promoter region indicated a single transcriptional start site located 51 bp upstream of the;ATG translational start site, Northern blot analysis with a 200-bp fbpA structural gene probe detected one transcript of 1.0 kb in RNAs extracted from gonococcal cultures grown under iron-restricted conditions; the 1.0-kb transcript was observed to accumulate at a steady rate throughout the growth cycle, In comparison, in cultures grown under iron-sufficient conditions, the intensity of the 1.0-kb transcript was reduced considerably, Isolation of total RNA from rifampin-treated cells indicated that the half-life of the 1.0-kb fbpA transcript in cells grown under iron-restricted conditions was 1.2 +/- 0.2 min, while that of the 1.0-kb fbpA transcript obtained from cultures grown under iron-sufficient conditions was 0.5 +/- 0.1 min, Taken together, our results indicate that the fbpA promoter is regulated by iron and that transcription and translation of FbpA are closely linked. C1 MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI30797]; NIDCR NIH HHS [F32DE05654-01] NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 179 IS 9 BP 3047 EP 3052 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WX574 UT WOS:A1997WX57400037 PM 9139927 ER PT J AU Shevchenko, DV Akins, DR Robinson, E Li, MY Popova, TG Cox, DL Radolf, JD AF Shevchenko, DV Akins, DR Robinson, E Li, MY Popova, TG Cox, DL Radolf, JD TI Molecular characterization and cellular localization of TpLRR, a processed leucine-rich repeat protein of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochele SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; SUBSP PALLIDUM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; ANTIGENICITY; POLYPEPTIDES; LIPOPROTEIN AB Automated Edman degradation was used to obtain N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences from a 26-kDa protein in isolated Treponema pallidum outer membranes (OMs). The resulting sequences enabled us to PCR amplify from T. pallidium DNA a 275-6P fragment of the corresponding gene. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined from fragments amplified by long-distance PCR. Primer extension verified the assigned translational start of the open reading frame (ORF) and putative upstream promoter elements, The ORF encoded a highly basic (pi 9.6) 26-kDa protein which contained an N-terminal 25-amino-acid leader peptide terminated by a signal peptidase I cleavage site, The mature protein contained seven tandemly spaced copies (as well as an eighth incomplete copy) of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR), a motif previously identified in a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins, Accordingly, the polypeptide was designated T, pallidum leucine-with repeat protein (TpLRR). Although Triton X-114 phase partitioning showed that TpLRR was hydrophilic, cell localization studies showed that most of the antigen,vas associated with the peptidoglycan-cytoplasmic membrane complex rather than being freely soluble in the periplasmic space. Immunoblot studies showed that syphilis patients develop a weak antibody response to the antigen, Lastly, the lrr(T.pallidum) gene was mapped to a 60-kb SfiI-SpeI fragment of the T. pallidium chromosome which also contains the rrnA and flaA genes, The function(s) of TpLRR is currently unknown; however, protein-protein and/or protein-lipid interactions mediated by its LRR motifs may facilitate interactions between components of the T. pallidium cell envelope. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DALLAS,TX 75235. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26756] NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 179 IS 10 BP 3188 EP 3195 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WY116 UT WOS:A1997WY11600015 PM 9150213 ER PT J AU Fields, PI Blom, K Hughes, HJ Helsel, LO Feng, P Swaminathan, B AF Fields, PI Blom, K Hughes, HJ Helsel, LO Feng, P Swaminathan, B TI Molecular characterization of the gene encoding H antigen in Escherichia coli and development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism test for identification of E-coli O157:H7 and O157:NM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; CAUSE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; INFANTILE DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE O157-H7; DNA PROBE; STRAINS; FLAGELLIN; SEQUENCE AB Recent outbreaks of disease caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 have focused much attention on this newly emerged pathogen. Identification of the H7 flagellar antigen is critical for the confirmation of E. coli O157:H7; however, clinical isolates are frequently nonmotile and do not produce detectable H antigen. To further characterize nonmotile isolates (designated NM), we developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) test to identify and characterize the gene encoding the H antigen (fliC) in E. coli. The entire coding sequence of fliC was amplified by PCR, the amplicon was restricted with RsaI, and the restriction fragment pattern was examined after gel electrophoresis. Two hundred eighty E. coli isolates representing serotypes O157:H7 and O157:NM, flagellar antigen H7 groups associated with other O serogroups, and all other flagellar antigen groups were analyzed. A single restriction pattern (pattern A) was identified for O157:H7 isolates, O157:NM isolates that produced Shiga toxin (formerly Shiga-like toxin or verotoxin), and 16 of 18 O55:H7 isolates. Flagellar antigen group H7 isolates of non-O157 serotypes had one of three banding patterns distinct from pattern A, A wide variety of patterns were found among isolates of the other 52 flagellar antigen groups; however, none was identical to the O157:H7 pattern. Thirteen of 15 nonmotile strains that did not produce the A pattern had patterns that matched those of other known H groups. The PCR-RFLP in conjunction with O serogroup determination will be useful in identifying E. coli O157:H7 and related strains that do not express immunoreactive H antigen and could be expanded to include other clinically important E. coli strains. C1 US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Fields, PI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1066 EP 1070 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800005 PM 9114382 ER PT J AU Tkacova, M Vareckova, E Baker, IC Love, JM Ziegler, T AF Tkacova, M Vareckova, E Baker, IC Love, JM Ziegler, T TI Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for subtyping of currently circulating human type A influenza viruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; RAPID DETECTION; HEMAGGLUTININ; HA1 AB The hemagglutinin subtype specificities of six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to influenza type A viruses were evaluated in a rapid culture assay by immunoperoxidase staining, Confluent monolayers of MDCK cells in multiwell plates were inoculated with (i) 23 reference viruses, (ii) 200 isolates collected during the influenza season 1995 to 1996, and (iii) 28 clinical specimens previously found to be influenza virus positive, After overnight incubation, the cells were fixed and stained with MAbs IVA1/B10, IIF4/D3, 12L/5, 13L/6, 18L/1, or 18L/4, Type-specific MAbs were included as controls, All antibodies gave intensive cytoplasmic staining,vith infected cells in the absence of any reaction with uninfected cells, MAbs 12L/5, 13L/6, 18L/1, and 18L/4 exclusively reacted with viruses of the subtype H1, and the antibodies IVA1/B10 and IIF4/D3 exclusively reacted with viruses of the subtype H3, None of these MAbs reacted with viruses of the H2 subtype or with influenza type B viruses, Of the 200 recent isolates, 63 were identified as influenza virus type A, subtype H1, 95 were identified as type A, subtype H3, and 41 were identified as type B, One isolate contained a mixture of a type A (H3) and a type B influenza virus, Of the 28 previously positive clinical specimens, 15 contained an influenza virus A, subtype H3, 1 contained an influenza virus A, subtype H1, and 9 contained an influenza B virus, The subtype of a very weakly positive specimen could not be determined, and two specimens remained negative, The MAbs described here allow for a rapid typing and subtyping of influenza virus isolates and for the type- and subtype-specific detection of influenza viruses in clinical specimens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFLUENZA BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TURKU,DEPT VIROL,FIN-20520 TURKU,FINLAND. RP Tkacova, M (reprint author), SLOVAK ACAD SCI,INST VIROL,DUBRAVSKA CESTA 9,BRATISLAVA 84246,SLOVAKIA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1196 EP 1198 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800029 PM 9114406 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Karabatsos, N Lanciotti, RS AF Johnson, AJ Karabatsos, N Lanciotti, RS TI Detection of Colorado tick fever virus by using reverse transcriptase PCR and application of the technique in laboratory diagnosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; AMPLIFICATION AB Colorado tick fever (CTF) virus elicits an acute illness in humans, producing nonspecific flu-like symptoms and a biphasic fever in approximately 50% of patients, The disease is transmitted by the adult Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), and therefore incidence is limited by the habitat and life cycle of that vector. The early symptoms of infection are difficult to distinguish from those of several other agents, especially Rickettsia rickettsii, Serologic testing is usually unable to provide evidence of CTF viral infection during the acute phase because of the late appearance of the various antibodies. Here we report the development and clinical application of a test to diagnose this disease during the acute stages. Oligonucleotide primers to the S2 segment of CTF (Florio) virus were made, and these were used in the amplification of a 528-bp fragment of DNA, transcribed from the double-stranded CTF virus RNA template by reverse transcriptase PCR. RNAs processed from 16 CTF virus isolates yielded similar results when analyzed on agarose gels. These were distinguishable from their antigenic relatives Eyach, S6-14-03, and T5-2092 and from other coltiviruses and an orbivirus but not from the antigenically distinct CTF virus-related isolate 720896. A mouse model demonstrated the utility of this method with whole-blood specimens, and CTF virus was successfully detected in human sera from the initial day of the onset of symptoms to 8 days later, The reverse transcriptase PCR method is a promising tool for the early diagnosis of CTF viral infection, or for ruling out CTF virus as the etiologic agent, in order to facilitate appropriate medical support. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1208 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800031 PM 9114408 ER PT J AU Beall, B Facklam, R Hoenes, T Schwartz, B AF Beall, B Facklam, R Hoenes, T Schwartz, B TI Survey of emm gene sequences and T-antigen types from systemic Streptococcus pyogenes infection isolates collected in San Francisco, California; Atlanta, Georgia; and Connecticut in 1994 and 1995 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; M-PROTEIN; BINDING AB The variable 5' emm (M-protein gene) sequences and T-antigen types were determined from 340 systemic group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates taken from hospitalized patients in San Francisco, Calif,; Atlanta, Ga.; and Connecticut in 1993 and 1995. Eighty percent of these isolates had emm sequences and T-antigen types in agreement with previously recorded M- and T-antigen associations. Most of the remaining strains either were T nontypeable (11%) or contained emm genes encoding M proteins for which T-antigen associations have not been made (6%), One newly encountered emm gene, designated ST2974, from each of 13 isolates had the T type 8/25/Imp19, Another new emm gene, ST2967, from 8 of 11 isolates was T nontypeable. Six other unique emm gene sequences from seven isolates were encountered. Sequencing of the variable region of the emm gene of GAS isolates (emm typing) is effective for surveying the sequence variability of the M virulence protein, and combined with T typing, emm typing is useful for monitoring GAS strain diversity. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C02,1600 CLIFTON RD,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1235 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800035 PM 9114412 ER PT J AU Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Glickman, S Crawford, JT AF Cooksey, RC Morlock, GP Glickman, S Crawford, JT TI Evaluation of a line probe assay kit for characterization of rpoB mutations in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from new York City SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPIC DETECTION; GENE; SPECIMENS; PCR AB A commercial line probe assay kit (Inno-LiPA Rif.TB) for rapid identification of mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated with a collection of 51 rifampin-resistant strains. Nine distinct rpoB mutations were identified. Concordances with automated sequence results for five wild-type kit probes and four probes for specific mutations were 94.1 and 100%, respectively. Overall concordance of the line probe assay kit with phenotypic rifampin susceptibility testing results was 90.2%. RP Cooksey, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TB & MYCOBACTERIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1281 EP 1283 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800050 PM 9114427 ER PT J AU Respess, RA Butcher, A Wang, H Chaowanachan, T Young, N Shaffer, N Mastro, TD Biryahwaho, B Downing, R Tanuri, A Schechter, M Pascu, R Zekeng, L Kaptue, L Gurtler, L Eberle, J Ellenberger, D Fridlund, C Rayfield, M Kwok, S AF Respess, RA Butcher, A Wang, H Chaowanachan, T Young, N Shaffer, N Mastro, TD Biryahwaho, B Downing, R Tanuri, A Schechter, M Pascu, R Zekeng, L Kaptue, L Gurtler, L Eberle, J Ellenberger, D Fridlund, C Rayfield, M Kwok, S TI Detection of genetically diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M and O isolates by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV TYPE-1; SUBTYPE; RETROVIRUS; STRAINS; AIDS AB A panel of 136 genetically diverse group M and 5 group O adult isolates from outside the United States and Europe were evaluated by PCR with the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 test, a modified version of the AMPLICOR HIV-1 test, and a new primer pair/probe system. Detection of some of these isolates was less efficient with the AMPLICOR HIV-1 test; however, the assay was significantly improved by reducing the sample input and lowering the annealing temperature. The new primer pair/probe set detected 140 of 141 isolates, including the 5 group O isolates that were not detected with either of the AMPLICOR HIV-1 test formats. C1 ROCHE MOL SYST INC,ALAMEDA,CA 94501. ROCHE MOL SYST INC,SOMERVILLE,NJ 08876. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. UGANDA VIRUS RES INST,ENTEBBE,UGANDA. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV MED & PHARM,TIRGU MURES,ROMANIA. CHU YAOUNDE,YAOUNDE,CAMEROON. MAX VON PETTENKOFER INST,D-8000 MUNICH,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HIV LAB,INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1284 EP 1286 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800051 PM 9114428 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Kappel, KJ Johnson, BJB AF Gilmore, RD Kappel, KJ Johnson, BJB TI Molecular characterization of a 35-kilodalton protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, an antigen of diagnostic importance in early Lyme disease (vol 35, pg 86, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1294 EP 1294 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800056 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Hair, JG Hebert, M Hebert, L Roberts, FJ Weyant, RS AF Miller, JM Hair, JG Hebert, M Hebert, L Roberts, FJ Weyant, RS TI Fulminating bacteremia and pneumonia due to Bacillus cereus (vol 35, pg 504, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RAPIDES MED CTR,ALEXANDRIA,LA. LOUISIANA REFERENCE LAB,BATON ROUGE,LA. BATON ROUGE GEN MED CTR,BATON ROUGE,LA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1294 EP 1294 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV178 UT WOS:A1997WV17800055 ER PT J AU Katz, MH Hsu, L Wong, E Liska, S Anderson, L Janssen, RS AF Katz, MH Hsu, L Wong, E Liska, S Anderson, L Janssen, RS TI Seroprevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis A infection among young homosexual and bisexual men SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 02-04, 1996 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Soc Gen Internal Med ID TRANSMISSION; HISTORY; HIV AB To evaluate hepatitis A infection among young homosexual and bisexual men, 411 men aged 17-22 years were surveyed at 26 public venues in San Francisco and Berkeley, Seroprevalence of hepatitis A infection was 28.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.7%-32.6%). Recent infection was evident in 3.3% of susceptible men (95% CI, 1.6%-5.9%). Independent predictors of hepatitis A infection were Latino ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3; 95% CI, 3.1-8.9), having greater than or equal to 50 lifetime male sex partners (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0), less than high school education (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.1), and being a high school graduate (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.9), Independent predictors of recent infection were less than high school graduate (OR = 7.6; 95% CI, 1.9-30.5), insertive anal intercourse (OR = 5.6; 95% CI, 1.0-32.8), and sharing needles without cleaning them (OR = 32.1; 95% CI, 3.0-346). Hepatitis A is a common infection in young homosexual men and is associated with sexual and drug-using behaviors. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DEPT PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU906255-03] NR 15 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 IS 5 BP 1225 EP 1229 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WW726 UT WOS:A1997WW72600029 PM 9129091 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL Kjemtrup, AM Conrad, PA Barnes, RC Wilson, M McCarthy, MG Sayers, MH Eberhard, ML AF Herwaldt, BL Kjemtrup, AM Conrad, PA Barnes, RC Wilson, M McCarthy, MG Sayers, MH Eberhard, ML TI Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in Washington state: First reported case caused by a WA1-type parasite SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID INFECTION; MICROTI AB Most cases of babesiosis reported in the United States have been tickborne and caused by Babesia microti, the etiologic agent of all previously described transfusion-transmitted cases. A 76-year-old man with the first recognized case of transfusion-transmitted infection with the recently identified WA1-type Babesia parasite is described, The subject received multiple blood transfusions in 1994, Indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing of serum from 57 blood donors implicated a 34-year-old man (WA1 titer, 1:65,536) whose donation had been used for packed red cells, Isolates of the organisms that infected the recipient and the donor, both of whom were spleen-intact residents of Washington State, were obtained by hamster inoculation, The DNA sequence of a 536-bp region of the nuclear small subunit-rRNA gene of both isolates was identical to that of WA1 (isolated in 1991 from the index WA1 case-patient), Effective measures for preventing transmission of babesiosis by blood transfusion are needed. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. ST JOSEPH HOSP,BELLINGHAM CASCADE REG BLOOD SERV,DEPT PATHOL,TACOMA,WA. PUGET SOUND BLOOD CTR & PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Kjemtrup, Anne/0000-0002-5788-7621 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01280, AI-34427] NR 15 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 175 IS 5 BP 1259 EP 1262 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WW726 UT WOS:A1997WW72600038 PM 9129100 ER PT J AU Panella, NA Karchesy, J Maupin, GO Malan, JCS Piesman, J AF Panella, NA Karchesy, J Maupin, GO Malan, JCS Piesman, J TI Susceptibility of immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) to plant-derived acaricides SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; immature ticks; botanical acaricides; tick control ID DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; REDUCED ABUNDANCE; NYMPHS; INSECTICIDES; TRANSMISSION; FORMULATIONS; POPULATIONS; PERMETHRIN; REMOVAL AB Plant-derived acaricides, extracted from various botanical species, and commercially available phytochemicals were evaluated for biological activity against immature bodes scapularis (Say) using the disposable pipet method. In addition, residual activity of the plant extracts was determined. Of the 13 plant extracts tested, 9 exhibited biological activity with Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach., being the most effective against the nymphal ticks (LC50 = 0.151% wt:vol) and eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana L., showing the greatest activity against larval ticks (LC50 = .001% wt:vol). The commercially available products were significantly less active than the plant extracts we prepared, but some commercial compounds did exhibit limited activity. Only the Alaska yellow cedar exhibited any residual activity that lasted 21 d after treatment. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST PROD, FOREST RES LAB, CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA. RP Panella, NA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, PUBL HLTH SERV, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 340 EP 345 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WY576 UT WOS:A1997WY57600015 PM 9151500 ER PT J AU Cardozo, J Mendez, O Molina, O Luzardo, G Gonzalez, JE Visvesvara, GS Martinez, AJ AF Cardozo, J Mendez, O Molina, O Luzardo, G Gonzalez, JE Visvesvara, GS Martinez, AJ TI CNS infection with free living amebas: Report of three new cases from Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ZULIA,MARACAIBO 4011,VENEZUELA. CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSN NEUROPATHOLOGISTS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA WY073 UT WOS:A1997WY07300117 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Smith, JS Krebs, JW Childs, JE AF Rupprecht, CE Smith, JS Krebs, JW Childs, JE TI Molecular epidemiology of rabies in the United States: Reemergence of a classical neurotropic agent SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium of Neurovirology CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Allegheny Univ Hlth Sci, Ctr Neurovirol & Neurooncol DE rabies; zoonoses; neurotropism; encephalitis; epizootiology; lyssavirus RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30033, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 3 SU 1 BP S52 EP S53 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA XD312 UT WOS:A1997XD31200023 PM 9179794 ER PT J AU Zeitz, PS Graber, JM Voorhees, RA Kioski, C Shands, LA Ksiazek, TG Jenison, S Khabbaz, RF AF Zeitz, PS Graber, JM Voorhees, RA Kioski, C Shands, LA Ksiazek, TG Jenison, S Khabbaz, RF TI Assessment of occupational risk for hantavirus infection in Arizona and New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY SYNDROME; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY AB Differentiating occupational exposure from other potential domestic or recreational exposure(s) for Sin Nombre virus (SNV) infection is an epidemiologic challenge. Interviews on work-related activities were conducted, and serum specimens were obtained from 494 workers in Arizona and New Mexico. These workers may have been exposed to rodents and rodent excreta at work, but their primary occupation did not require rodent contact (National Park Service [n = 193]; Navajo Agricultural Product Industry [n = 65], utility companies [n = 169] and plumbing and heating contractors [n = 67]). Within each occupational group (farm workers [n = 57], laborers [n = 20], professionals [n = 70], repairers [n = 211], service indirectly workers [n = 83], and technicians [n = 53]), the majority of workers reported working in areas that had rodent droppings (range, 75 to 95%); 70% of laborers and 64% of service industry workers reported handling rodents. More than 60% of workers in each group, except technicians, reported reopening and cleaning or working in closed spaces. Approximately 90% of laborers, repairers, and farm workers reported hand-plowing Although the risk for occupationally related SNV infection appears to be low, workers frequently performed risk activities associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). All workers were seronegative for SNV by enzyme-linked immunoassay or Western blot testing. These findings, the known occupational exposure of some HPS cases, and the high HPS case-fatality rate (52%) support the need for recommendations to reduce human contact with rodents in the workplace. Increased understanding of hantavirus transmission to humans will help focus future recommendations to minimize human exposures effectively. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, PHOENIX, AZ USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, PHOENIX, AZ USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, PHOENIX, AZ USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV, ATLANTA, GA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA USA. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH, SANTA FE, NM USA. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV, PHOENIX, AZ 85007 USA. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV, WINDOWROCK, AZ USA. UNIV NEW MEXICO, SCH MED, DEPT MED, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 39 IS 5 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1097/00043764-199705000-00013 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XB313 UT WOS:A1997XB31300012 PM 9172092 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Krug, EG Dahlberg, LL Powell, KE AF Brener, ND Krug, EG Dahlberg, LL Powell, KE TI Nurses' logs as an evaluation tool for school-based violence prevention programs SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADOLESCENTS AB Programs for preventing violence among youth should be evaluated to determine if they are effective. Nurses' logs appear to be a useful tool for evaluating school-based violence prevention programs. The logs provide a record of students' visits to the school nurse that can be used to determine if a violence prevention program is associated with a reduction infighting-and other injury-related nurse visits. This method has many strengths: it is simple and inexpensive, it does not interrupt the school routine, it permits school-level rather than student-level data collection, it provides a ready ''baseline,'' and it allows continuos data collection. However, potential limitations do exist. For example, the method may provide insufficient information and may be affected by factors unrelated to the intervention. School officials can increase the usefulness of the logs by encouraging standardization and providing training in their use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,MS K-33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 1997 VL 67 IS 5 BP 171 EP 174 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XE023 UT WOS:A1997XE02300002 PM 9210101 ER PT J AU Chen, ZW Luckay, A Sodora, DL Telfer, P Reed, P Gettie, A Kanu, JM Zhang, LQ Sadek, RF Yee, J Ho, DD Marx, PA AF Chen, ZW Luckay, A Sodora, DL Telfer, P Reed, P Gettie, A Kanu, JM Zhang, LQ Sadek, RF Yee, J Ho, DD Marx, PA TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct HIV-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty mangabeys SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; WEST-AFRICA; REGION; TANZANIA; UGANDA; ORGANIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; SEQUENCES AB The extent of zoonotic infections in rural Sierra Leone, where both feral and pet sooty mangabeys harbor divergent members of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)-sooty mangabey simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm) family,was tested in blood samples collected from 9,309 human subjects in 1993, Using HIV-1- and HIV-2-specific enzyme immunoassays and confirmatory Western blot analysis to test for antibodies to SIVsm-related lentiviruses, we found only nine subjects (0.096%) who tested positive for HIV: seven tested positive for HIV-1 and two tested positive for HIV-2, Compared with other rural West African communities, Sierra Leone displayed the lowest seroprevalence (0.021%) of HIV-2 infection yet reported, much lower than the previously reported seroprevalence in SIVsm-infected feral and household pet sooty mangabeys. Heteroduplex analysis demonstrated that two of the newly found HIV-1 strains belonged to subtype A, the most common HIV-1 subtype in Africa, but this is the first report of subtype A in Sierra Leone, The two HIV-2-infected individuals harbored two distinct HIV-2 strains, designated 93SL1 and 93SL2, Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HIV-2 93SL1 is a member of HIV-2 subtype A, the first strain of this HIV-2 subtype found in Sierra Leone, In contrast, HIV-2 93SL2 belongs to none of the five previously characterized HIV-2 subtypes (A to E) but is a new subtype, herein designated F, having the most divergent transmembrane sequences yet reported for HIV-2, The fact that both of the two most divergent HIV-2 subtypes known, E and F, are rare and found as single occurrences in persons from Sierra Leone may be related to the fact that this small region of West Africa also contains free-living and household pet sooty mangabeys with highly divergent variants of SIVsm, This finding provides support for the hypotheses that new HIV-2 subtypes result from independent cross-species transmission of SIVsm to the human population and that these single-occurrence transmission events had not spread widely into the population by 1993. C1 ROCKEFELLER UNIV,AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NYU,MED CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,LASSA FEVER RES PROJECT,FREETOWN,SIERRA LEONE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27698-05, R01 AI38543] NR 35 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 71 IS 5 BP 3953 EP 3960 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA WT189 UT WOS:A1997WT18900068 PM 9094672 ER PT J AU Novembre, FJ Saucier, M Anderson, DC Klumpp, SA ONeill, SP Brown, CR Hart, CE Guenthner, PC Swenson, RB McClure, HM AF Novembre, FJ Saucier, M Anderson, DC Klumpp, SA ONeill, SP Brown, CR Hart, CE Guenthner, PC Swenson, RB McClure, HM TI Development of AIDS in a chimpanzee infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN-PLASMA; IN-VIVO; PROTECTION; MODEL; HIV-1; DEATH; DNA AB The condition of a chimpanzee (C499) infected with three different isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HTV-1) for over 10 years progressed to AIDS. Disease development in this animal was characterized by (i) a decline in CD4(+) cells over the last 3 years; (ii) an increase in viral loads in plasma; (iii) the presence of a virus, termed HTV-1(JC), which is cytopathic for chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells; and (iv) the presence of an opportunistic infection and blood dyscrasias. Genetic analysis of the V1-V2 region of the envelope gene of HTV-1(JC) showed that the virus present in C499 was significantly divergent from all inoculating viruses (greater than or equal to 16% divergent at the amino acid level) and was suggestive of a large quasispecies. Blood from C499 transfused into an uninfected chimpanzee (C455) induced a rapid and sustained CD4(+)-cell decline in the latter animal, concomitant with high plasma viral loads. These results show that HTV-1 can induce AIDS in chimpanzees and suggest that long-term passage of HIV-1 in chimpanzees can result in the development of a more pathogenic virus. C1 YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DIV RES RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DASTLR,RETROVIRAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. HENRY M JACKSON FDN,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP Novembre, FJ (reprint author), YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DIV MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,954 N GATEWOOD RD,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 25 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 71 IS 5 BP 4086 EP 4091 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA WT189 UT WOS:A1997WT18900083 PM 9094687 ER PT J AU Nelson, BK Moorman, WJ Schrader, SM Shaw, PB Krieg, EF AF Nelson, BK Moorman, WJ Schrader, SM Shaw, PB Krieg, EF TI Paternal exposure of rabbits to lead: Behavioral deficits in offspring SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lead; figure-8 activity; paternal exposure; reproductive toxicology; neurobehavioral; rabbit; male-mediated effects ID MALE-MEDIATED TERATOGENESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; DRUG EXPOSURE; FEMALE MICE; MALE-RATS; PROGENY; METHYLNITROSOUREA; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; MALFORMATIONS; IMPLANTATION AB Paternal exposures to exogenous agents have been reported to produce a variety of developmental defects in the offspring. In experimental animals, these effects include decreased litter size and weight, increased stillbirth and neonatal death, birth defects, tumors, and functional/behavioral abnormalities-some of these effects being transmitted to the second and third generations. The majority of experimental studies assessing nervous system function of offspring following paternal exposures have utilized rats as the experimental animal, but other species can be used. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has initiated studies to validate the rabbit as an animal model for human reproductive toxicity, because rabbits are the smallest laboratory animal from which ejaculates can be collected repeatedly. An important part of reproductive toxicology is assessment of the reproductive ability of males following exposure, as well as developmental and functional assessment of their offspring. This article describes a pilot study and a main study to investigate the feasibility of using rabbits to assess the functional effects of paternal exposure to lead. The pilot study included seven male rabbits per group exposed for 15 weeks to lead acetate sufficient to produce 0, 50, or 110 mu g/dl blood lead. The main study included 15 male rabbits per group exposed for 15 weeks to lead acetate to produce 0, 20, 40, and 80 mu g/dl blood lead. At the conclusion of the exposure, male rabbits were mated with unexposed females. These females carried their litters to term, delivered, and reared their own offspring. The offspring were weighed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and some at 35 days of age. They were also tested for exploratory activity in a standard figure-eight ''maze'' for 30 min/day on days 15, 20, 25, and 30. A second assessment of exploratory behavior, along with a simple test of aversive conditioning, was attempted in the pilot study, but was judged not to be suitable for the main study. Of the 21 male rabbits that were mated in the pilot study, 16 produced viable litters (6/7, 6/7, and 4/7 in control, low- and high-lead groups, respectively), with a mean number of 6 live births/litter in each treatment group (range 2-8). Of the 60 rabbits mated in the main study, 57 produced litters, and two rabbits died giving birth. Significant postnatal deaths were observed in all groups, with about one half of the offspring dying before testing was initiated at day 15. There were no treatment-related effects on offspring weight gain through weaning. The data suggest that paternal lead exposure of rabbits may reduce figure-eight activity on day 25, the time of peak activity in the offspring. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Nelson, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI, C-24, 4676 COLUMBIA PKWY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 68 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 3 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(96)00221-8 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA XF557 UT WOS:A1997XF55700004 PM 9200139 ER PT J AU Chiasson, MA Ellerbrock, TV Bush, TJ Sun, XW Wright, TC AF Chiasson, MA Ellerbrock, TV Bush, TJ Sun, XW Wright, TC TI Increased prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; CERVICAL NEOPLASIA; CARCINOMA; HIV; CANCER; RISK AB Objective: To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated vulvovaginal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, all participants received a complete gynecologic examination including colposcopic evaluation and a structured interview about sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for vulvovaginal disease. In addition, HPV DNA was assayed for in cervicovaginal lavages using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Vulvar and/or vaginal condyloma acuminata were detected in 22 of 396 (5.6%) HIV-positive and in 3 of 375 (0.8%) HIV-negative women (odds ratio [OR] 7.3, P < .001). High-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) was present in two of the HIV-positive and none of the HIV-negative women. Human immunodeficiency virus-positive women with condyloma or VIN were significantly more likely to have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (33%) than those without vulvovaginal lesions (17%) (OR 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 74). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, both HIV seropositivity (adjusted OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.3, 35.3) and HPV infection (adjusted OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.7, 39.4) were associated with vulvovaginal condyloma. Conclusion: The prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma was increased in HIV-positive women even when controlling for HPV infection. Human papillomavirus-associated disease was more likely to be multicentric and involve the vulva, vagina, and cervix in HIV-positive than HIV-negative women. Detection of high-grade VIN in two of the HIV-positive women suggests that they may also be at risk for developing invasive vulvar carcinoma. (C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Chiasson, MA (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR DIS INTERVENT RES,125 WORTH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU 206822] NR 23 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 89 IS 5 BP 690 EP 694 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00069-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA WV953 UT WOS:A1997WV95300010 PM 9166302 ER PT J AU AranhaCreado, H Oshima, K Jafari, S Howard, G Brandwein, H AF AranhaCreado, H Oshima, K Jafari, S Howard, G Brandwein, H TI Virus retention by a hydrophilic triple-layer PVDF microporous membrane filter SO PDA JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT PDA Annual Meeting CY NOV, 1995 CL BOSTON, MA SP PDA ID SURROGATE VIRUSES; BARRIER MATERIALS; INACTIVATION; REMOVAL; POLIOVIRUS; WATER AB Retention of bacteriophages (phi 6, PR772, T1, and PP7) and mammalian viruses (poliovirus and influenza A virus) by a hydrophilic triple layer PVDF microporous membrane, the Ultipor VF grade DV50 membrane, was evaluated. Challenges of membrane discs or pleated filter cartridges were performed at concentrations of 10(6)-10(8) PFU/mL in one or more of he following carrier fluids: water saline, gelatin (0.1%) in phosphate buffet; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (MEM), and MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (MEM + 10). The data demonstrate a minimum log titer reduction (LTR) of 6 for viruses larger than 50 nm irrespective of the carrier fluid. Protein transmission levels of sc-enter than 95% for Ige and albumin were achieved. For integral pleated filter cartridges, correlation between a nondestructive integrity rest (using the forward flow integrity test method) and virus retention was demonstrated. The Ultipor VF grade DV50 filter can be applicable in the manufacture of biologicals and biopharmaceuticals, where high protein transmission and consistent viral titer reduction are desired. C1 PALL CORP,SCI SERV,PORT WASHINGTON,NY. PALL CORP,LAB SERV,PORT WASHINGTON,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. PALL EUROPE LTD,SCI SERV,PORTSMOUTH,HANTS,ENGLAND. PALL EUROPE LTD,LAB SERV,PORTSMOUTH,HANTS,ENGLAND. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU PARENTERAL DRUG ASSOC INC PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 620, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 1076-397X J9 PDA J PHARM SCI TECH JI PDA J. Pharm. Sci. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 3 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Engineering; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA XF297 UT WOS:A1997XF29700005 PM 9203825 ER PT J AU Sinkowitz, RL Keyserling, H Walker, TJ Holland, J Jarvis, WR AF Sinkowitz, RL Keyserling, H Walker, TJ Holland, J Jarvis, WR TI Epidemiology of vancomycin usage at a children's hospital, 1993 through 1995 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE vancomycin usage; vancomycin-resistant enterococci ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; PREVENTION; SEPSIS AB Objective. To describe the epidemiology of vancomycin usage at a children's hospital. Methods. A cohort study of patients at Egleston Children's Hospital who were charged for the receipt of vancomycin from October, 1992, through October, 1995, was performed. Data were obtained from pharmacy charge records in the hospital's medical records information system. Results. During the study period there were 3589 patient hospitalizations in which vancomycin was used. Patients receiving vancomycin were predominantly male (56.6%) and white (62.4%), ranged in age from 0 to 31 (median, 3.8) years and had an average length of stay of 6.0 days. The total number of vancomycin doses was 105 704; the median number of vancomycin doses during each patient hospitalization was 11.0 (range, 1 to 1215). The total charge for vancomycin used was $2 009 746; the median charge for vancomycin per patient was $297.50 (range, $11 to 19 864). The majority (75.7%) of vancomycin doses were given on the hematology (27.6%), neurosurgery (17.9%), cardiothoracic surgery (13.4%), neonatology (9.7%) or general pediatrics (7.1%) services. Overall surgery service patients were significantly more likely to receive vancomycin than were medicine service patients (1267 doses/6221 admissions vs. 1954/19 446; relative risk, 2.03; P < 0.001). During the study period the number of vancomycin doses decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions. This study shows the value of evaluating antimicrobial use through a pharmacy database. Although vancomycin use decreased during the study period, large amounts of vancomycin are still being prescribed primarily on subspecialty service patients. Interventions to reduce vancomycin use should focus on these groups. C1 EMORY UNIV,EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Sinkowitz, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 485 EP 489 DI 10.1097/00006454-199705000-00006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA WY861 UT WOS:A1997WY86100005 PM 9154542 ER PT J AU Black, S Shinefield, H Ray, P Lewis, E Chen, R Glasser, J Hadler, S Hardy, J Rhodes, P Swint, E Davis, R Thompson, R Mullooly, J Marcy, M Vadheim, C Ward, J Rastogi, S Wise, R AF Black, S Shinefield, H Ray, P Lewis, E Chen, R Glasser, J Hadler, S Hardy, J Rhodes, P Swint, E Davis, R Thompson, R Mullooly, J Marcy, M Vadheim, C Ward, J Rastogi, S Wise, R TI Risk of hospitalization because of aseptic meningitis after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in one- to two-year-old children: An analysis of the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) Project SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE mumps; measles-mumps-rubella; aseptic meningitis AB Objective. To assess the level of increased risk, if any, of hospitalizations for aseptic meningitis after Jeryl-Lynn mumps strain measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population. Study design. A possible increased risk of aseptic meningitis 8 to 14 days after receipt of MMR was observed in a preliminary screening analysis of automated data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) project Year 2 analysis. To further evaluate this association a retrospective 10-year matched case-control study was undertaken in the four health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in the VSD project. Cases ascertained from a broad scan of the automated data were validated against a standard case definition. Two controls matched on age, sex, HMO and HMO membership were assigned per case. Results. The VSD project involves the cooperative collection of automated vaccination and medical outcome data from four large HMOs that currently have 500 000 children younger than 7 years of age under surveillance. Review of automated screening results from the first 2 years of data revealed a possible increased risk of aseptic meningitis 0 to 14 days after MMR with a relative risk of 3.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 13.1) although the total number of cases was small. Although the automated data had suggested a possible association of aseptic meningitis with MMR containing the Jeryl-Lynn strain of mumps, review of validated hospitalized cases during the observation period did not reveal evidence of an increased risk of aseptic meningitis after MMR containing the Jeryl-Lynn strain of mumps (odds ratio <1.0 for all analyses). Conclusion. Although it is recognized that hospitalized cases represent a minority of the total cases of aseptic meningitis, it is reassuring that in this evaluation no increased risk of aseptic meningitis after MMR vaccine was found. C1 KAISER PERMANENTE VACCINE STUDY CTR,OAKLAND,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. GRP HLTH COOPERAT PUGET SOUND,SEATTLE,WA. SO CALIF KAISER PERMANENTE,PANORAMA CITY,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,VACCINE STUDY CTR,TORRANCE,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BETHESDA,MD. 4 KAISER PERMANENTE NW REG,PORTLAND,OR. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1097/00006454-199705000-00009 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA WY861 UT WOS:A1997WY86100008 PM 9154545 ER PT J AU Koopmans, MPG Goosen, ESM Lima, AAM McAuliffe, IT Nataro, JP Barrett, LJ Glass, RI Guerrant, RL AF Koopmans, MPG Goosen, ESM Lima, AAM McAuliffe, IT Nataro, JP Barrett, LJ Glass, RI Guerrant, RL TI Association of torovirus with acute and persistent diarrhea in children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE torovirus; human; gastroenteritis; diarrhea; epidemiology; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID BREDA VIRUS; HUMANS; PARTICLES; PATTERNS AB Objective. To study the etiologic role of toroviruses as a cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Methods. The design was a case-control study. We compared the rate of torovirus detection in fecal specimens from a selection of children with acute or persistent diarrhea and controls without diarrhea from a study of childhood diarrhea in an urban Brazilian slum. Stool samples were coded and tested in a blinded fashion for the presence of torovirus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, other enteropathogens, toxins and fecal leukocytes. Results. Thirty-three children with acute diarrhea, 41 children with persistent diarrhea and 17 controls were enlisted in the study. Torovirus antigen was detected in 9 (27%) samples from children with acute diarrhea, 11 (27%) samples from children with persistent diarrhea and none of the samples from controls (P < 0.05). In addition the presence of enteroaggregative E. coli was associated with persistent diarrhea and the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was common although not significant (P = 0.08); torovirus and Cryptosporidium occurred in different subsets of samples, whereas torovirus and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli were commonly found in combination. Conclusions. These data indicate that toroviruses, alone or in combination with enteroaggregative E. coli, may play a pathogenic role in acute and possibly persistent diarrhea, Further studies are warranted to determine the etiologic role of toroviruses in gastroenteritis. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,CTR EPIDEMIOL INFECT DIS,NL-3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. FED UNIV CEARA,CLIN RES UNIT,FORTALEZA,CEARA,BRAZIL. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV VIRGINIA,SCH MED,DIV GEOG MED,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. RP Koopmans, MPG (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,RES LAB INFECT DIS,POB 1,NL-3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01AI26512] NR 12 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 504 EP 507 DI 10.1097/00006454-199705000-00010 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA WY861 UT WOS:A1997WY86100009 PM 9154546 ER PT J AU McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR AF McDonald, LC Jarvis, WR TI Community-acquired bacteremia in Zimbabwe and the global cost of contaminated blood cultures SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE coagulase-negative staphylococci; blood cultures RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1997 VL 16 IS 5 BP 537 EP 538 DI 10.1097/00006454-199705000-00027 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA WY861 UT WOS:A1997WY86100026 PM 9154561 ER EF