FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Mawle, AC AF Mawle, AC TI Chronic fatigue syndrome SO IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the 13th International Convocation on Immunology - Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Disease CY JUN 01-05, 1996 CL BUFFALO, NY SP SUNY, Ernest Witebsky Ctr Immunol ID DEFINITION; PHENOTYPE AB Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has emerged as a public health concern over the past decade. A working case definition was created in 1988 and revised in 1994, and this has been used to establish prevalence estimates using physician-based surveillance and an a random digit dial telephone survey. Although CFS has some characteristics of an infectious disease, so far no infectious agent has been associated with the illness. Studies of immune function in CFS patients failed to detect differences between cases and healthy controls. However, when cases were subgrouped according to whether they had a sudden or gradual onset, differences in immunologic markers were detected between cases and their matched controls. RP Mawle, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0882-0139 J9 IMMUNOL INVEST JI Immunol. Invest. PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.3109/08820139709048932 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WG293 UT WOS:A1997WG29300024 PM 9037629 ER PT J AU Wikel, SK Ramachandra, RN Bergman, DK Burkot, TR Piesman, J AF Wikel, SK Ramachandra, RN Bergman, DK Burkot, TR Piesman, J TI Infestation with pathogen-free nymphs of the tick Ixodes scapularis induces host resistance to transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi by ticks SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PROTEIN-A; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RICINUS L; IXODIDAE; ACARI; DAMMINI; VECTOR; SPIROCHETE; MODULATION; ARTHROPODS AB Female BALB/c mice were infested four times with pathogen-free Ixodes scapularis nymphs prior to infestation with nymphs infected with Borrelia burgdorferi B31. Each infestation was separated by a 14-day tick-free period. Mean weights of fed ticks and percentage reaching repletion did not indicate development of acquired resistance. Only 16.7% of mice repeatedly infested with pathogen-free ticks prior to infected I. scapularis nymph challenge became positive for B. burgdorferi. One hundred percent of control mice infested only with infected ticks were culture positive for B. burgdorferi. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP Wikel, SK (reprint author), OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,127 NOBLE RES CTR,STILLWATER,OK 74078, USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 29 TC 103 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA609 UT WOS:A1997WA60900051 PM 8975935 ER PT J AU Moolenaar, RL Hefflin, BJ Ashley, DL Middaugh, JP Etzel, RA AF Moolenaar, RL Hefflin, BJ Ashley, DL Middaugh, JP Etzel, RA TI Blood benzene concentrations in workers exposed to oxygenated fuel in Fairbanks, Alaska SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE benzene; gasoline; occupational; environmental; blood ID POPULATION; LEUKEMIA; RISK AB Objective: In November 1992 residents of Fairbanks, Alaska became concerned about the potential health effects of an oxygenated fuel program during which 15% (by volume) methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was added to gasoline. To address those concerns, we earlier completed a survey of occupational exposure to MTBE. We conducted a follow-up survey of workers' exposure to benzene from gasoline in Fairbanks. Design: Cross-sectional exposure survey. Methods: We examined blood concentrations of benzene from a convenience sample of workers taken in December 1992 during the oxygenated fuel program and from another convenience sample of workers taken in February 1993 after the program was suspended. Results: In December, the median blood benzene concentration of samples taken from four mechanics after their workshift (postshift) was 1.32 mu g/l (range, 0.84-2.61 mu g/l), and seven nonmechanics (drivers and other garage workers) had a median postshift blood benzene concentration of 0.27 mu g/l (range, 0.09-0.45 mu g/l). In February, nine mechanics had a median postshift blood benzene concentration of 1.99 mu g/l (range, 0.92-3.23 mu g/l), and nine nonmechanics had a median postshift blood benzene concentration of 0.26 mu g/l (range, 0.2-0.46 mu g/l). Conclusion: Mechanics had higher blood benzene concentrations than did nonmechanics, but further study is needed to determine the impact of the oxygenated fuel program on exposure to benzene. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524. RP Moolenaar, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CDC,MAILSTOP C-08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD JAN PY 1997 VL 69 IS 2 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VZ064 UT WOS:A1997VZ06400010 PM 9001921 ER PT J AU Dietz, V Cutts, F AF Dietz, V Cutts, F TI The use of mass campaigns in the expanded program on immunization: A review of reported advantages and disadvantages SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES LA English DT Review ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; MEASLES VACCINATION CAMPAIGN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION; PULSE IMMUNIZATION; RAPID ELIMINATION; URBAN AFRICA; STRATEGIES; MOZAMBIQUE AB The use of mass immunization campaigns (MICs) has been and remains controversial. To evaluate these campaigns, the authors review the literature relating to their effectiveness, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness in controlling diseases and raising immunization coverage levels, and their impact on the subsequent development of routine immunization services. Well-conducted campaigns have increased vaccine coverage levels and decreased disease morbidity and mortality. Their use in the Americas has been associated with the apparent elimination of poliomyelitis. However, unless health care infrastructure is improved, or campaigns are repeated, gains in coverage levels may not be sustained. Studies suggest that MICs are often not as cost-effective for raising coverage as the delivery of vaccines through routine services, but the use of coverage as the only outcome measure is questionable. Mass immunization campaigns can increase awareness of vaccination and may be appropriate in situations where new programs are to be initiated, in refugee situations where people congregate into areas with little infrastructure, and in disease eradication efforts when specific time goals are set. Little information is available on whether MICs strengthen or interfere with the development of routine services. To be successful, MICs require a well-coordinated and planned effort on the part of national authorities with the identification of specific goals, intensive social promotion, and strong management. In addition, research is needed to clarify how MICs should be evaluated. RP Dietz, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MS F22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Bollas, Helena Maria/I-1567-2012 NR 132 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU BAYWOOD PUBL CO INC PI AMITYVILLE PA 26 AUSTIN AVE, AMITYVILLE, NY 11701 SN 0020-7314 J9 INT J HEALTH SERV JI Int. J. Health Serv. PY 1997 VL 27 IS 4 BP 767 EP 790 DI 10.2190/QPCQ-FBF8-6ABX-2TB5 PG 24 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA YJ254 UT WOS:A1997YJ25400011 PM 9399118 ER PT J AU Christensen, JJ Whitney, AM Teixeira, LM Steigerwalt, AG Facklam, RR Korner, B Brenner, DJ AF Christensen, JJ Whitney, AM Teixeira, LM Steigerwalt, AG Facklam, RR Korner, B Brenner, DJ TI Aerococcus urinae: Intraspecies genetic and phenotypic relatedness SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; TRACT PATHOGEN; GEN-NOV; ORGANISMS; ENDOCARDITIS AB A number of Aerococcus-like organisms were recently recognized as human pathogens. Five Aerococcus-like strains were proposed as members of the new species Aerococcus urinae (with type strain E2 [= NCTC 12132]) on the basis of the results of a 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The intraspecies phenotypic and genetic relatedness of 22 selected A. urinae strains was investigated, and a hitherto unrecognized esculin hydrolysis-positive biotype was identified. A total of 14 of the 15 more common esculin-negative strains exhibited very high DNA relatedness as determined by the hydroxyapatite method (the levels of relatedness were greater than 90% in 55 and 70 degrees C reactions, with 1.5% or less divergence in related sequences). The DNA relatedness among the six esculin-positive strains was more heterogeneous, and two DNA hybridization subgroups were formed. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that both biotypes are members of the single species A. urinae, which contains two or more genetic subspecies. The putative subspecies have not been formally proposed since they cannot be definitively differentiated. The inclusion of A. urinae in the genus Aerococcus is supported by the results of 16S rRNA sequencing. The rRNA sequence data also is compatible with placing both biotypes in a single species. C1 HERLEV HOSP,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,DK-2730 HERLEV,DENMARK. BISPEBJERG HOSP,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,DK-2400 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC106 UT WOS:A1997WC10600004 PM 8995798 ER PT J AU Winston, FK AF Winston, FK TI Update: Fatal air bag-related injuries to children - United States, 1993-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 1073-1076, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CHILDRENS HOSP PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,NATL TRANSPORTAT SAFETY BOARD,ELK GROVE VILLAGE,IL. NATL SAFETY COUNCIL,CHICAGO,IL. AIR BAG SAFETY COMMISS,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL ASSOC GOVERNORS HIGHWAY SAFETY REPRESENTAT,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL ASSOC CHILDRENS HOSP & RELATED INST,ALEXANDRIA,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Winston, FK (reprint author), NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM US,OFF TRAFF SAFETY PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC 20590, USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VZ767 UT WOS:A1997VZ76700009 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO Lazzarini, Z Jones, S Flaherty, K AF Gostin, LO Lazzarini, Z Jones, S Flaherty, K TI Prevention of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases among injection drug users - A national survey on the regulation of syringes and needles SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; COMMUNITY PHARMACIES; EXCHANGE PROGRAM; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK BEHAVIOR; AIDS; CONNECTICUT AB We report the results of a survey of laws and regulations governing the sale and possession of needles and syringes in the United States and its territories and discuss legal and public health proposals to increase the availability of sterile syringes, as a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission prevention measure, for persons who continue to inject drugs. Every state, the District of Columbia (DC), and the Virgin islands (VI) have enacted state or local laws or regulations that restrict the sale, distribution, or possession of syringes, Drug paraphernalia laws prohibiting the sale, distribution, and/or possession of syringes known to be used to introduce illicit drugs into the body exist in 47 states, DC, and VI. Syringe prescription laws prohibiting the sale, distribution, and possession of syringes without a valid medical prescription exist in 8 states and VI. Pharmacy regulations or practice guidelines restrict access to syringes in 23 states. We discuss the following legal and public health approaches to improve the availability of sterile syringes to prevent blood-borne disease among injection drug users: (1) clarify the legitimate medical purpose of sterile syringes for the prevention of HIV and other blood-borne infections; (2) modify drug paraphernalia laws to exclude syringes; (3) repeal syringe prescription laws; (4) repeal pharmacy regulations and practice guidelines restricting the sale of sterile syringes; (5) promote professional training of pharmacists, other health professionals, and law enforcement officers about the prevention of blood-borne infections; (6) permit local discretion in establishing syringe exchange programs; and (7) design community programs for safe syringe disposal. C1 GEORGETOWN JOHNS HOPKINS PROGRAM LAW & PUBL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 67 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 277 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 DI 10.1001/jama.277.1.53 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VZ767 UT WOS:A1997VZ76700030 PM 8980211 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Fleming, PL Li, JM Karon, J AF Klevens, RM Fleming, PL Li, JM Karon, J TI Impact of laboratory-initiated reporting of CD4(+) T lymphocytes on US AIDS surveillance SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE laboratory reporting; AIDS surveillance AB This study was conducted to measure the impact of laboratory-initiated reporting of CD4(+) results on reporting of AIDS in the United States. States were categorized by whether CD4(+) reporting was required; we compared the number and percentage of AIDS cases reported based on immunologic criteria, controlling for whether states also required HIV infection reporting. We observed cases reported in 1994 with CD4(+) values and the delay between diagnosis and report by CD4(+) and HIV-reporting status. From 1992 to 1994, states with CD4(+) reporting had a greater proportionate increase in reported AIDS cases (98%) than states without CD4(+) report ing (55%; p < 0.0001). From 1993 to 1994, the eight states with both CD4(+) and HIV reporting had a higher increase in cases meeting immunologic criteria (7%) than the 13 states with only HIV reporting (<1%), the three states with only CD4(+) reporting (<1%), and the 16 states with neither form of laboratory reporting (4%). Of 1987 definition cases reported in 1994, the percentage reported with CD4(+) values was lower in states without either CD4(+) or HIV reporting (79%) than in states with both CD4(+) and HIV reporting (83%), only HIV reporting (84%), or only CD4(+) reporting (88%). The percentage of AIDS cases reported within 3 months of diagnosis was lower in states without laboratory reporting (40%) than in states with CD4(+) reporting (45%, p = 0.001). CD4(+) reporting may enable stales to report AIDS cases earlier in the course of HIV disease, permitting early targeting of health care and social services. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA. ORKAND CORP,ATLANTA,GA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WA979 UT WOS:A1997WA97900009 PM 8989211 ER PT J AU Mosure, DJ Berman, S Fine, D Delisle, S Cates, W Boring, JR AF Mosure, DJ Berman, S Fine, D Delisle, S Cates, W Boring, JR TI Genital Chlamydia infections in sexually active female adolescents: Do we really need to screen everyone? SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia trachomatis; adolescents; risk factors; screening; modeling; prevalence ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; CERVICITIS; POPULATION; CONTRACEPTION; PREDICTORS; SMEAR AB Purpose: To evaluate current Chlamydia trachomatis screening guidelines, which recommend that all sexually active female adolescents undergoing a pelvic examination be tested for chlamydial infection, and determine if instead providers should target particular subpopulations of these adolescents. Methods: Data were collected from 148,650 sexually active females, ages 15-19 years, tested by direct immunofluorescent antibody in 160 family planning clinics from 1988-92. Trends in chlamydia prevalence by demographic, behavioral, and clinical risk factors were analyzed. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify selective screening criteria. Predictive models were developed for all years combined, as well as for the years when prevalence was highest and lowest. Results: The prevalence of C, trachomatis in this population was 10%, with a 42% decrease (13.2-7.6%) over the 5-year period. Logistic regression identified nine demographic, behavioral, and clinical predictors (p < 0.0001) associated with chlamydial infections. Predictor models from the highest and lowest prevalence years varied little from the combined model. Individual year predictor models showed poor sensitivity and were similar for these 2 years. The screening criteria could not identify a group of adolescents with a prevalence less than 6%. Conclusions: Several individual risk factors were strongly associated with C. trachomatis, but no single risk factor or combination of risk factors used for selective screening could identify more than 42% of infections in our population. These findings support earlier national recommendations and the need for universal screening of sexually active female adolescents. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1997 C1 JAMES BOWMAN ASSOCIATES,SEATTLE,WA. FAMILY HLTH INT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. EMORY UNIV,GRACE ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JAN PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(96)00157-7 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA WC301 UT WOS:A1997WC30100004 PM 9007653 ER PT J AU Jason, J Inge, KL AF Jason, J Inge, KL TI Single cell cytokine profiles in normal humans: Comparison of flow cytometric reagents. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1122 EP 1122 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201119 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Powell, MR Rowland, EC AF Chen, Z Powell, MR Rowland, EC TI Immune cell mediated regulation of intracellular growth of Trypanosoma cruzi. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 1845 EP 1845 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14201839 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, LE Massoudi, M Bernstein, D Biagini, R Hull, RD Ruder, A Brown, M Boeniger, M Ward, E AF Pinkerton, LE Massoudi, M Bernstein, D Biagini, R Hull, RD Ruder, A Brown, M Boeniger, M Ward, E TI Occupational asthma and rhinitis among egg-processing workers. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CDC,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 2029 EP 2029 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14202023 ER PT J AU Lummus, ZL Boeniger, M Biagini, R Massoudi, M Bernstein, DI AF Lummus, ZL Boeniger, M Biagini, R Massoudi, M Bernstein, DI TI Environmental survey of occupational exposure to aerosolized egg allergens in the egg processing industry. SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,CINCINNATI,OH. NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP 2030 EP 2030 PN 2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA WH142 UT WOS:A1997WH14202024 ER PT J AU Nelson, BK Conover, DL Shaw, PB Snyder, DL Edwards, RM AF Nelson, BK Conover, DL Shaw, PB Snyder, DL Edwards, RM TI Interactions of radiofrequency radiation on 2-methoxyethanol teratogenicity in rats SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2-methoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; methyl cellosolve; radiofrequency radiation; nonionizing radiation; pregnancy; developmental toxicology; teratology ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; INTRACELLULAR PH; HYPERTHERMIA; MICE; EXPOSURE; SOLVENTS; HAMSTERS; HAZARDS; DEFECTS AB Concurrent exposures to chemical and physical agents occur in the workplace; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers and electrosurgical units. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to radiofrequency (r.f.; 10 MHz) radiation, which also induces hyperthermia and is teratogenic to exposed animals, and the industrial solvent 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. A subsequent study replicated and extended that research by investigating the interactive dose-related teratogenicity of r.f. radiation (sham exposure or maintaining colonic temperatures at 42.0 degrees C for 0, 10, 20 or 30 min by r.f. radiation absorption) and 2ME (0, 75, 100, 125 or 150 mg/kg) on gestation days 9 or 13 of rats. The purpose of the present research is to determine the effects of r.f. radiation (sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at 42.0 degrees C for 10 min) on a range of doses of 2ME (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg kg(-1)) administered on gestation day 13 of rats. Focusing on characterizing the dose-response pattern of interactions, this research seeks to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 20 fetuses were examined for external and skeletal malformations. The results are consistent with previous observations. Dose-related developmental toxicity was observed for 2ME both in the presence and absence of r.f. radiation. However, concurrent RF radiation exposure changed the shape of the dose-effect curve of 2ME. These data indicate that combined exposure effects should be considered when developing exposure guidelines and intervention strategies. (C) 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(199701)17:1<31::AID-JAT384>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA WJ032 UT WOS:A1997WJ03200004 PM 9048225 ER PT J AU Mehlman, MA Mumtaz, MM Faroon, O DeRosa, CT AF Mehlman, MA Mumtaz, MM Faroon, O DeRosa, CT TI Health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE chrysene; genotoxicity; lung cancer; PAHs; skin cancer ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; INVITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; SALMONELLA MUTAGENICITY ASSAY; CANCER-CAUSING PROPERTIES; OIL REFINERY WORKERS; COKE-OVEN WORKERS; PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY; CARCINOGENIC ACTIVITY; TUMORIGENIC ACTIVITY; BLADDER-CANCER AB Humans exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can develop cancers and other serious diseases. Many of the PAHs cause cancers in animals when they are inhaled, ingested or come in contact with skin. These include benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo(a,h)acridine, and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene. Some of the PAHs are complete carcinogens. The evidence for carcinogenicity in humans is found primarily in occupational studies of worker exposed to mixtures containing PAHs. Cancers associated with exposure to PAH-containing mixtures in humans occur predominately in the lung and skin following inhalation and dermal exposure. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08854. PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 145 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 32 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA XC127 UT WOS:A1997XC12700001 ER PT J AU Grayson, MJ Charp, PA AF Grayson, MJ Charp, PA TI Estimating doses from internal deposition of radioactive materials from hazardous waste sites SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Austin Avenue; radiation-exposure; radium; Ra-226 AB At hazardous waste sites contaminated with radioactive materials, one recurring health concern is the radiation dose a person might receive as a consequence of exposure. To evaluate these exposures, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) relies on accepted methodologies used by national and international radiation protection organizations such as the National Council on Radiation and Measurements and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. This paper describes the procedures ATSDR uses to quantify the amount of exposure and estimate the amount of radioactive materials take into the body. An example of these procedures is also provided. It includes actual exposure and dose estimated obtained at the Austin Avenue Radiation Site, for which ATSDR recommended (1) inclusion of the site on the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency's National Priorities List, (2) remediation of radium contaminated residential property, and (3) relocation of persons dwelling in such properties. RP Grayson, MJ (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-56,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 59 EP 76 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA XC127 UT WOS:A1997XC12700003 ER PT J AU Fay, M AF Fay, M TI Frequencies of top binary-pair mixtures in major media, based on HAZDAT data from all national priorities list sites SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE frequency; hazardous; mixtures; NPL; site; waste AB Although most incidents of human exposure to chemical releases involve more than one substance, most toxicologic research evaluates single substances. One of the many challenges of researching multiple-substance exposures pertains the simple question of which combinations of substances humans will most likely encounter. Previous research has been hampered by lack of an extensive database of waste sites. With the recent advent of the Hazardous Substance Release/Health Effects Database (HAZDAT) from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR), this question cart now be addressed with data from 1188 National Priorities List (NPL) sites. The HAZDAT data used for this analysis are from ATSDR's public health assessments. Preliminary results of combinatorial analyses in the form of binary pairs occurring in the same medium at NPL sites were generated. Volatile organic compound (VOC) pairs predominated in air, elements in soil, and a combination of the two in water. Advantages and disadvantages of the current analysis are discussed. In particular, toxicity, exposure, or some other factor(s) indicating exposure or potential exposure of concern needs to be incorporated indicating exposure or potential exposure of concern need to be incorporated in future analyses, instead of simple counts of frequency at sites. ATSDR's congressional mandate specifies that this Agency assess the public health impact of mixtures of substances at NPL sites. The scientific community and pubic alike are interested in this exceedingly complex but highly relevant area of study ATSDR intends to pursue the question of mixtures further, in order to help fulfill its mission while assisting tin this growing field of interest. RP Fay, M (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA XC127 UT WOS:A1997XC12700004 ER PT J AU Daugharty, H Messmer, TO Fields, BS AF Daugharty, H Messmer, TO Fields, BS TI ELISPOT assay for chlamydia-specific, antibody-producing cells correlated with conventional complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE ELISPOT; chlamydia; antibody-producing cells ID SECRETING CELLS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HIV-INFECTION; ENUMERATION; PNEUMONIAE; PROTEINS AB Chlamydia antigens cross-reactive with pneumoniae (TWAR), psittaci, and trachomatis strains were used to evaluate the ELISPOT assay for detecting antigen-specific, antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Human blood specimens from healthy and hospitalized persons were randomly collected and tested by coating the nitrocellulose membrane at the base of microtiter wells. Ficoll-separated mononuclear cells from blood specimens collected in EDTA were incubated in the wells with Iscove's growth medium in CO2 atmosphere at 37 degrees C. An IgG-specific conjugate labeled with biotin was used in an avidin-peroxidase chromogen system for indicating the areas (spots) of immunologically committed lymphocytes. Positive specimens had median levels of ASC above 8 per 10(6) cells (range 15-23 ASC/10(6) cells). Evidence that the ELISPOT is reliable, sensitive, and specific includes the following: (1) immunized animal and clinical human specimens in control experiments were selectively reactive in the presence of antigen, but negative without antigen, (2) serologically characterized reference sera demonstrated homologous rather than heterologous reactions with the antigens, (3) conventional complement fixation and microimmunofluorescence on serum fractions of clinical specimens correlated well (P<0.02) with ELISPOT results that were both TWAR- and psittaci-positive, and (4) the array of specimens (from healthy donors, community hospitalized, and pulmonary service patients) selected for their increasing likelihood in that order for being positive due to illness was then confirmed and supported by their respectively increasing positivity rates (6, 15, and 25%) for TWAR/psittaci combined. The incidence of positive specimens for either TWAR or psittaci was greatest (23/54, 43%) in specimens from the hospitalized patients and least (8/33, 24%) in specimens from healthy individuals. These findings suggest that ELISPOT detects chlamydial antibody production at the cellular level. ELISPOT positivity thus indicates previous exposure and would favor earlier detection. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP Daugharty, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-8013 J9 J CLIN LAB ANAL JI J. Clin. Lab. Anal. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2825(1997)11:1<45::AID-JCLA8>3.0.CO;2-J PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA WF105 UT WOS:A1997WF10500008 PM 9021524 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Kappel, KJ Johnson, BJB AF Gilmore, RD Kappel, KJ Johnson, BJB TI Molecular characterization of a 35-kilodalton protein of Borrelia burgdorferi, an antigen of diagnostic importance in early Lyme disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GENE; LIPOPROTEIN; SERODIAGNOSIS; CLONING; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Antibodies against a 35-kDa antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi are detectable in the serum of about half of patients with early Lyme disease, The gene encoding this antigen was isolated from a genomic library of B. burgdorferi B31 (low passage), and full-length expression of the recombinant gene product was achieved in Escherichia coli, Antiserum raised against the recombinant protein was reactive with a B. burgdorferi protein of the same molecular size as the diagnostic 35-kDa antigen cited in an earlier study of criteria for the serodiagnosis of early Lyme disease. Also, the recombinant protein was reactive with serum from patients with early Lyme disease who were seropositive for the 35-kDa antigen. DNA sequence analysis of the gene indicated an open reading frame of 909 bp encoding a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 34.3 kDa. This gene did not possess the usual initiation codon ATG but rather probably used a TTG codon, The deduced amino acid sequence of the N terminus exhibited a motif similar to that for signal peptides of lipoproteins, Southern blotting revealed a chromosomal location for this gene; and it was specific for B. burgdorferi, B. afzellii, and B. garinii but not for B. hermsii, B. coriaciae, or B. turicatae. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 86 EP 91 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VY566 UT WOS:A1997VY56600014 PM 8968885 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, M McAllister, S Miller, JM Heiter, BJ Bourbeau, PP AF Wilkerson, M McAllister, S Miller, JM Heiter, BJ Bourbeau, PP TI Comparison of five agglutination tests for identification of Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; RESISTANT; STRAINS AB Various commercially produced agglutination kits are widely used for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. These kits detect the presence of protein A and/or clumping factor on S. aureus. The literature has shown that methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates which are deficient in both clumping factor and protein A may be misidentified. Two products. Slider and Staphaurex Plus, utilize specific anti-S. aureus antibodies, potentially giving them greater sensitivity compared to products without these antibodies. We report a prospective study designed to compare the performance characteristics of Fastaph, Slider, Staphaurex, Staphaurex Plus, Staphyloslide, and the tube coagulase test for the identification of staphylococcal isolates. All discrepant isolates were tested with the Gen-Probe AccuProbe S. aureus test and were identified to the species level with conventional reference biochemicals. A total of 1,193 isolates were tested, including 33 MRSA and 423 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus isolates. The sensitivities and specificities of the tests, respectively, were as follows: Fastaph, 99.1 and 98.9%; Slider, 99.6 and 96.4%; Staphaurex, 98.9 and 99.9%; Staphaurex Plus, 99.6 and 93.9%; Staphyloslide, 99.1 and 98.9%; and tube coagulase, 99.3 and 100%, Sensitivity was excellent for all of the products tested. The specificities of Fastaph, Staphaurex, and Staphyloslide were excellent, while Staphaurex Plus and Slider demonstrated less optimal results. C1 GEISINGER MED CTR,DIV LAB MED,DANVILLE,PA 17822. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VY566 UT WOS:A1997VY56600026 PM 8968897 ER PT J AU Vugia, DJ Shefer, AM Douglas, J Greene, KD Bryant, RG Werner, SB AF Vugia, DJ Shefer, AM Douglas, J Greene, KD Bryant, RG Werner, SB TI Cholera from raw seaweed transported from the Philippines to California SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB In March 1994, a California woman without any recent travel developed acute, profuse, watery diarrhea. Her astute physician diagnosed cholera after ordering the appropriate stool culture, and the patient improved on an oral antibiotic. Epidemiologic investigation implicated seaweed from the Philippines that was transported by a friend to California and subsequently eaten raw as the vehicle of infection. C1 SAN JOAQUIN CTY HLTH DEPT,STOCKTON,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Vugia, DJ (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 284 EP 285 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VY566 UT WOS:A1997VY56600056 PM 8968927 ER PT J AU Lawson, R Lockwood, S Malvitz, D AF Lawson, R Lockwood, S Malvitz, D TI National, regional, and state trends in community water fluoridation, 1985-1992. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ORAL HLTH PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 618 EP 618 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68000619 ER PT J AU Gooch, BF Kaste, LM Lockwood, SL Gift, HC AF Gooch, BF Kaste, LM Lockwood, SL Gift, HC TI Correlates of perceived condition of teeth in US children, 1988-1991. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIDR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1914 EP 1914 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001913 ER PT J AU Cleveland, JL Malvitz, DM AF Cleveland, JL Malvitz, DM TI Self-reported adult tooth loss by selected states - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1995. SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PY 1997 VL 76 SI SI BP 1923 EP 1923 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA WB680 UT WOS:A1997WB68001918 ER PT J AU Westerink, MAJ Metzger, DW Hutchins, WA Adkins, AR Holder, PF Pais, LB Gheesling, LL Carlone, GM AF Westerink, MAJ Metzger, DW Hutchins, WA Adkins, AR Holder, PF Pais, LB Gheesling, LL Carlone, GM TI Primary human immune response to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in interleukin-12-treated severe combined immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ANTIBODY RESPONSES; SCID MICE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PROLIFERATION; SECRETION; VACCINE; PBL AB Lack of primary immune response in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) has limited the applicability of this model. Use of human cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-12, was studied in the hu-PBL-SCID model. SCID mice were treated with IL-12 and reconstituted with hu-PBL in T replacement factor. The hu-PBL-SCID mice were immunized with serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide (MCPS). The MCPS-specific antibody response was determined by ELISA. Thirteen of the 15 immunized, IL-12-treated hu-PBL-SCID mice demonstrated a primary human antibody response to MCPS ranging from 0.25 to 3.3 mu g/mL, while no MCPS-specific antibody response was detectable in the 18 controls. Expression of cross-reactive idiotypic markers found on human anti-MCPS antibodies in the immunized hu-PBL-SCID mice was similar to that observed in immunized volunteers. C1 MED COLL OHIO,DEPT PATHOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. MED COLL OHIO,DEPT MICROBIOL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Westerink, MAJ (reprint author), MED COLL OHIO,DEPT MED,3000 ARLINGTON AVE,POB 10008,TOLEDO,OH 43699, USA. OI Metzger, Dennis/0000-0002-8000-9907 NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 1 BP 84 EP 90 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WA937 UT WOS:A1997WA93700012 PM 8985200 ER PT J AU Mathiesen, DA Oliver, JH Kolbert, CP Tullson, ED Johnson, BJB Campbell, GL Mitchell, PD Reed, KD Telford, SR Anderson, JF Lane, RS Persing, DH AF Mathiesen, DA Oliver, JH Kolbert, CP Tullson, ED Johnson, BJB Campbell, GL Mitchell, PD Reed, KD Telford, SR Anderson, JF Lane, RS Persing, DH TI Genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 16-20, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MUSEUM SPECIMENS; GENOMIC GROUPS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; DNA; TICKS; AGENT AB To examine in detail Borrelia burgdorferi strain diversity in the United States, 186 isolates from human, tick, and rodent sources were analyzed from multiple distinct geographic regions of the United States and abroad. Strains were characterized by genomic macrorestriction analysis and ospA and 23S rDNA gene sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results indicate that spirochetal isolates from the United States fall into two major divisions and nine or more subdivisions; human isolates fell into five of these subdivisions. Greater genetic diversity was observed among B. burgdorferi isolates from moderate climatic regions, consistent with increased tick vector and reservoir diversity. All of the Borrelia isolates were reactive by ospA polymerase chain reaction except for Borrelia hermsii controls and several tick isolates from the Northeast, which were shown to lack the 49-kb plasmid encoding outer surface protein A (OspA). The data suggest that US B. burgdorferi isolates demonstrate substantial genetic heterogeneity, with regional differences in spirochete populations. C1 MAYO CLIN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,DIV EXPT PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN. GEORGIA SO UNIV,INST ARTHROPODOL & PARASITOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. MARSHFIELD MED LABS,MARSHFIELD,WI. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA. CONNECTICUT AGR EXPT STN,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32403]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU-410281, U50/CCU-510343] NR 52 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WA937 UT WOS:A1997WA93700014 PM 8985202 ER PT J AU Mawle, AC Nisenbaum, R Dobbins, JG Gary, HE Stewart, JA Reyes, M Steele, L Schmid, DS Reeves, WC AF Mawle, AC Nisenbaum, R Dobbins, JG Gary, HE Stewart, JA Reyes, M Steele, L Schmid, DS Reeves, WC TI Immune responses associated with chronic fatigue syndrome: A case-control study SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; LVOV PLATFORM; DEFINITION; PHENOTYPE AB An exploratory case-control study was conducted to assess whether the many reported differences in the immune function of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients are detectable in rigorously defined cases of CFS. Although many studies have reported differences between cases and controls in various measure of immune function, none of these differences were found in all studies. In this study, no differences were found in white blood cell numbers; immune complex, complement, or serum immunoglobulin levels; delayed type hypersensitivity and allergic responses; NK cell function; and proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. Marginal differences were detected in cytokine responses and in cell surface markers in the total CFS population. However, when the patients were subgrouped by type of disease onset (gradual or sudden) or by how well they were feeling on the day of testing, more pronounced differences were seen. C1 KLEMM ANAL GRP INC,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Mawle, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VEHB MS G-18,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 1 BP 136 EP 141 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WA937 UT WOS:A1997WA93700019 PM 8985207 ER PT J AU Helfand, RF Heath, JL Anderson, LJ Maes, EF Guris, D Bellini, WJ AF Helfand, RF Heath, JL Anderson, LJ Maes, EF Guris, D Bellini, WJ TI Diagnosis of measles with an IgM capture EIA: The optimal timing of specimen collection after rash onset SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; TESTS AB The optimal timing for collection of a single serum specimen to diagnose measles by using a monoclonal antibody-capture EIA was evaluated. Results of testing paired serum samples from 166 measles cases with at least 1 IgM-positive specimen were analyzed. Among persons whose second samples were IgM-positive, the seropositivity rate for first samples was 77% when collected within 72 h and 100% when collected 4-11 days after rash onset, Among unvaccinated persons whose first samples were IgM-positive, the rate for IgM positivity of second specimens declined from 100% at 4 days to 94% at 4 weeks after rash onset, then declined further to 63% at 5 weeks, Some previously vaccinated persons became IgM-negative during the third week after rash onset, In general, a single serum specimen collected between 72 h and 4 weeks after rash onset can be used to diagnose most cases of measles with an IgM capture EIA. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 15 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 1 BP 195 EP 199 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WA937 UT WOS:A1997WA93700032 PM 8985220 ER PT J AU Leach, A Twumasi, PA Kumah, S Banya, WS Jaffar, S Forrest, BD Granoff, DM LiButti, DE Carlone, GM Pais, LB Broome, CV Greenwood, BM AF Leach, A Twumasi, PA Kumah, S Banya, WS Jaffar, S Forrest, BD Granoff, DM LiButti, DE Carlone, GM Pais, LB Broome, CV Greenwood, BM TI Induction of immunologic memory in gambian children by vaccination in infancy with a group A plus group C meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; GROUP-A; ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGENICITY; AGE AB Two hundred twenty-one Gambian children vaccinated previously with one, two, or three doses of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine or two doses of polysaccharide vaccine before the age of 6 months were revaccinated at the age of 18-24 months with either meningococcal polysaccharide, conjugate, or inactivated polio vaccines. Children who had previously received one, two, or three doses of conjugate vaccine had significantly (P < .001) higher anti-group C meningococcal antibody levels following revaccination than did children vaccinated with a polysaccharide vaccine for the first time. Children vaccinated previously with two doses of polysaccharide vaccine had a lower group C antibody response than did control children. Group A antibody responses following revaccination of children who had previously received polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine were nor significantly higher than those in control children. Thus, immunologic memory was probably induced by the group C but not by the group A component of the conjugate vaccine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CHIRON BIOCINE,EMERYVILLE,CA. MRC LABS,FAJARA,BANJUL,GAMBIA. NR 15 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 175 IS 1 BP 200 EP 204 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WA937 UT WOS:A1997WA93700033 PM 8985221 ER PT J AU Gage, KL Maupin, GO Montenieri, J Piesman, J Dolan, M Panella, NA AF Gage, KL Maupin, GO Montenieri, J Piesman, J Dolan, M Panella, NA TI Flea (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae, Hystrichopsyllidae) and tick (Acarina: Ixodidae) control on wood rats using host-targeted liquid permethrin in bait tubes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes spinipalpis; Neotoma mexicana; flea; control; permethrin ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PLAGUE VECTOR; TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENT; TRIALS; CYCLE; DUST AB The efficacy of a liquid permethrin-treated bait tube controlling fleas and ticks on Mexican wood rats, Neotoma mexicana Baird, was evaluated during a 1-yr study in north-central Colorado. Results indicated that the bait tubes were effective for reducing flea and tick infestations on wood rats. The effects of treatment persisted throughout the study, despite the fact that bait tubes were replenished with bait and permethrin only during the first 4 mo (4 replenishments). Our results suggest that these bait tubes provide an effective, economical, and environmentally acceptable means of controlling vectors of flea or tick-borne diseases, although slight modifications of the basic bait tube design might be required to maintain the effectiveness of the tube under different ecological conditions. RP Gage, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA WC655 UT WOS:A1997WC65500009 PM 9086710 ER PT J AU Sullivan, KM May, W Nordenberg, D Houston, R Maberly, GF AF Sullivan, KM May, W Nordenberg, D Houston, R Maberly, GF TI Use of thyroid stimulating hormone testing in newborns to identify iodine deficiency SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iodine deficiency; thyroid stimulating hormone; humans; newborns ID CHINA AB Iodine deficiency has traditionally been associated with goiter and cretinism. More recently, iodine deficiency has been recognized as the leading worldwide cause of preventable intellectual impairment. Intellectual and neurologic deficits occur because of a lack of thyroid hormone during critical phases of brain development. More sensitive biologic tests may be useful in determining the true extent of iodine deficiency in populations. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among urban newborns from countries with known iodine deficiency problems were determined using a sensitive whole-blood spot assay. Results found prevalences of high TSH (>5 mu/L whole blood units using a sensitive monoclonal assay) ranging from 32-80% compared with a prevalence of 3% usually found in iodine-replete areas. These; findings suggest that developing brains of newborns are at risk from the detrimental effects of iodine deficiency in these urban areas. The results presented suggest the need for effective intervention programs in urban areas as well. C1 PROGRAM MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Sullivan, KM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 127 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WH338 UT WOS:A1997WH33800008 PM 9040544 ER PT J AU Dalton, CB McCammon, JB Hoffman, RE Baron, RC AF Dalton, CB McCammon, JB Hoffman, RE Baron, RC TI Blood lead levels in radiator repair workers in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE AB A laboratory-based blood lead surveillance system in Colorado identified radiator repair workers as having the highest blood lend levels of all worker groups reported. A survey of 42 radiator repair shops in ten locales throughout Colorado was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of workers with elevated blood lend levels > 25 mu g/dL. The survey was designed to test the sensitivity of the surveillance system and to assess working conditions and practices in the radiator repair industry in Colorado. Of 63 workers, 39 (62 %) had blood lead levels > 25 mu g/dL, The sensitivity of the surveillance system for defecting radiator repair workers with elevated blood lead levels was estimated at 11%. None of the radiator repair shops had adequate local exhaust ventilation. Work practice and engineering modifications are needed to reduce lead exposure in this industry. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENC SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 DI 10.1097/00043764-199701000-00011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WF860 UT WOS:A1997WF86000009 PM 9029432 ER PT J AU Fukuda, K Dobbins, JG Wilson, LJ Dunn, RA Wilcox, K Smallwood, D AF Fukuda, K Dobbins, JG Wilson, LJ Dunn, RA Wilcox, K Smallwood, D TI An epidemiologic study of fatigue with relevance for the chronic fatigue syndrome SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Research and Clinical Conference of the American-Association-for-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome CY OCT 07-09, 1994 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Assoc Chron Fatigue Syndrome ID PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; DEFINITION; POPULATION; CARE AB We surveyed households in four rural Michigan communities to confirm a reported cluster of cases resembling chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and to study the epidemiology of fatigue in a rural area. Data were collected from 1698 households. We did not confirm the reported cluster. The prevalence of households containing at least one fatigued person was similar between communities thought to harbor the cluster and communities selected for comparison. Symptoms and features of generic forms of fatigue were very similar to those often attributed to CFS. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Fukuda, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3956 J9 J PSYCHIAT RES JI J. Psychiatr. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0022-3956(96)00046-5 PG 11 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XD894 UT WOS:A1997XD89400003 PM 9201644 ER PT J AU Shefer, A Dobbins, JG Fukuda, K Steele, L Koo, D Nisenbaum, R Rutherford, GW AF Shefer, A Dobbins, JG Fukuda, K Steele, L Koo, D Nisenbaum, R Rutherford, GW TI Fatiguing illness among employees in three large state office buildings, California, 1993: Was there an outbreak? SO JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Research and Clinical Conference of the American-Association-for-Chronic-Fatigue-Syndrome CY OCT 07-09, 1994 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FL SP Amer Assoc Chron Fatigue Syndrome ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; PREVALENCE; DEFINITION AB The objective was to determine if a cluster of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)-like illness had occurred among employees in two Large state office buildings in northern California, and to identify risk factors for and features of fatiguing illness in this population. Design: case-control study. Population and setting: Over 3 300 current employees in two state office buildings and employees in a comparable ''control'' building. Information was collected on demographic and occupational variables, the occurrence of fatiguing illness for at least one month in the previous year, and the presence of 36 symptoms. A total of 3312 (82%) of 4035 employees returned questionnaires. Overall, 618 (18.7%) persons reported fatigue lasting at least one month; including 382 (11.5%) with fatigue of at least six months' duration and 75 (2.3%) with symptoms compatible with a CFS-like illness. Independent risk factors for fatigue lasting one month or longer were found to be Native American ethnicity (OR 2.4, CI 1.1,5.3), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.7, CI 1.3,2.3), female sex (OR 1.5, CI 1.2,1.9), gross household incomes of less than $50,000 (OR 1.3, CI 1.1,1.6), and less than a college education (OR 1.3, CI 1.1,1.6). Similar risks were observed for persons who reported fatigue lasting six months or longer. Female sex (OR 3.2, CI 1.7, 6.4) was the only independent risk factor found for those persons classified as having a CFS-like illness. Case prevalence rates for all three categories of fatigue, as determined by multivariate analysis, were not significantly different among buildings. Despite ending a substantial number of employees with fatiguing illness in the two state office buildings, the prevalence was not significantly different than that for a comparable control building. Previously unidentified risk factors far fatigue of at least one month and at least six months identified in this population included Hispanic ethnicity, not having completed college, and income below S50,000. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENT SERV PROGRAM,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHRON FATIGUE SYNDROME RES GRP,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KLEMM ANAL GRP,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP Shefer, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PROGRAM OPERAT BRANCH,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-3956 J9 J PSYCHIAT RES JI J. Psychiatr. Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0022-3956(96)00049-0 PG 13 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA XD894 UT WOS:A1997XD89400004 PM 9201645 ER PT J AU Lovvorn, AE Quinn, SC Jolly, DH AF Lovvorn, AE Quinn, SC Jolly, DH TI HIV testing of pregnant women: A policy analysis SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; FETAL; AIDS AB The promising findings of ACTG 076, which identified a hopeful strategy for substantially reducing HN transmission from mother to fetus, has stimulated a debate on counseling and testing protocols for pregnant women. This article presents an analysis of five state policy alternatives that address HIV counseling and testing. The policy analysis utilizes vertical and horizontal equity, user preference including avoidance of stigma and the right to privacy, effectiveness, and feasibility as evaluative criteria for examination of the policies. Interviews with state health department personnel enhance the policy analysis. While universal HIV counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women emerges as the most acceptable policy, public health professionals must assume a vital role in facilitating the adoption of ethical and lust state policies in an atmosphere sometimes hostile to women at risk for HIV. C1 Family Hlth Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Amer Social Hlth Assoc, CDC Hotlines Project Off, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Lovvorn, AE (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOURNAL PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY PI S BURLINGTON PA 208 MEADOWOOD DR, S BURLINGTON, VT 05403 USA SN 0197-5897 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 401 EP 432 DI 10.2307/3343522 PG 32 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ZG486 UT WOS:000073008500002 PM 9519618 ER PT J AU Rao, JK Callahan, LF Helmick, CG AF Rao, JK Callahan, LF Helmick, CG TI Characteristics of persons with self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions who do not see a doctor SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthritis; nonusers; healthcare utilization; epidemiology ID HEALTH-SERVICES; LATER LIFE; CARE; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PREVALENCE; COSTS; KNEE AB Objective. To characterize persons with self-reported arthritis and other rheumatic conditions who never saw a doctor for their condition. Methods. Comparison of 2 groups (persons who did and did not see a doctor for arthritis) identified from cross sectional data from the 1989 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a stratified random probability sample representative of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. Survey respondents aged 18 years and older who answered questions on musculoskeletal conditions and self-reported arthritis (n = 2944 unweighted; 36 million weighted) were asked when they last saw a doctor for this condition. Results. Of adult Americans who reported arthritis, 16.4% reported never seeing a doctor for this problem. This group was more often male and younger than those who saw a doctor for arthritis. Persons were less likely to see a doctor for arthritis if they had better self-perceived health, fewer activity or work limitations due to arthritis, no health insurance, and if they were not overweight. Of those who reported never visiting a doctor for arthritis, 72.8% reported one or more doctor visits within the preceding 12 months. Weighted estimates indicate that nearly 6 million Americans with self-reported arthritis never see a doctor for their condition, including 191,000 with activity limitations due to arthritis. About 4.3 million of the 6 million people with arthritis reported at least one doctor visit within the previous 12 months. Conclusion. A ''better'' health profile and lack of health insurance may explain why some people do not see a doctor for arthritis. A substantial number, however, have both severe disease as well as health insurance that covers doctor visits for other medical problems. These visits represent missed opportunities for early diagnosis and effective medical and behavioral intervention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RI Agaliotis, Maria/G-5334-2012 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA WC496 UT WOS:A1997WC49600029 PM 9002029 ER PT J AU Zevin, S Dempsey, D Olson, K AF Zevin, S Dempsey, D Olson, K TI Amanita phalloides mushroom poisoning - Northern California, January 1997 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 46, pg 489-492, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION AB The popular interest in gathering and eating uncultivated mushrooms has been associated with an increase in incidents of serious mushroom-related poisonings.(1) From December 28, 1996, through January 6, 1997, nine persons in northern California required hospitalization after eating Amanita phalloides (i.e., ''death caps'') mushrooms; two of these persons died. Risks associated with eating these mushrooms result from a potent hepatotoxin. This report describes four cases of A. phalloides poisoning in patients admitted to a regional referral hospital in northern California during January 1997 and underscores that wild mushrooms should not be eaten unless identified as nonpoisonous by a mushroom expert. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ENVIRONM HAZARDS EPIDEMIOL SECT,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Zevin, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DIV CLIN PHARMACOL & EXPT THERAPEUT,CALIF POISON CONTROL SYST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 461 EP 463 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA XT255 UT WOS:A1997XT25500008 ER PT J AU Steele, KE Visvesvera, GS Bradley, GA Lipscomb, TP Gardiner, CH AF Steele, KE Visvesvera, GS Bradley, GA Lipscomb, TP Gardiner, CH TI Amebiasis in a dog with gastric ulcers and adenocarcinoma SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; WILLAERTIA-MAGNA; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT; AIDS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA VET DIAGNOST LAB,TUCSON,AZ. RP Steele, KE (reprint author), ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 91 EP 93 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM721 UT WOS:A1997XM72100018 PM 9087935 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Colby, L Krebs, JW Strine, T Feller, M Noah, D Drenzek, C Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE AF Childs, JE Colby, L Krebs, JW Strine, T Feller, M Noah, D Drenzek, C Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE TI Surveillance and spatiotemporal associations of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the United States, 1985-1994 SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE rabies; rodentia; lagomorpha; zoonotic disease; rhabdovirus; Marmota monax; Procyon lotor ID RACCOON RABIES; ATLANTIC STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Between 1985 and 1994, 368 cases of rabies in rodents (95% of reports) and lagomorphs (5%) were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (USA), from states. This was a 354% increase from the period 1971 to 1984. Most reports were cases of rabies in woodchucks (Marmota monax) (n = 317), primarily from the eastern United States, which has been recently experiencing an epizootic of raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies. Cases of rabies in woodchucks were temporally and spatially associated with reports of raccoon rabies. Antigenic or genetic characterization of variants of rabies viruses from rodents and woodchucks corresponded to the variants associated with the major terrestrial wildlife reservoir within the geographic region of specimen origin. Although rodents and lagomorphs are infrequently infected with rabies and human contact with these animals rarely requires postexposure treatment, appropriate health authorities need to evaluate individual circumstances surrounding potential exposures. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, PUBL HLTH SERV, US DEPT HHS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 19 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WE491 UT WOS:A1997WE49100003 PM 9027687 ER PT J AU McElvaine, M Favero, MS Mullan, RJ AF McElvaine, M Favero, MS Mullan, RJ TI Defining and applying risk analysis: Excerpts from the proceedings of the Fourth National Symposium on Biosafety SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Editorial Material AB Risk analysis, as it applies to a laboratory animal facility, was a hot topic at the Fourth National Symposium on Biosafety (Atlanta, GA). The concept provides a practical approach to assessing and managing the variety of risks associated with the day-to-day operations of a facility. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP McElvaine, M (reprint author), USDA,ORACBA,1400 INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,5248-5,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 22 EP & PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WD614 UT WOS:A1997WD61400006 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Ruo, SL Lloyd, ES Ksiazek, T Rollin, P Peters, CJ Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Ruo, SL Lloyd, ES Ksiazek, T Rollin, P Peters, CJ Zaki, SR TI Lassa fever: An immunopathologic study with pathogenetic and diagnostic implications SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 826 EP 826 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48600841 ER PT J AU Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ AF Zaki, SR Shieh, WJ TI Outbreak of leptospirosis associated with pulmonary hemorrhage SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,EPIDEM WORKING GRP,MINIST HLTH NICARAGUA,PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 76 IS 1 BP 831 EP 831 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WD486 UT WOS:A1997WD48600846 ER PT J AU Beall, B Hoenes, T AF Beall, B Hoenes, T TI An iron-regulated outer-membrane protein specific to Bordetella bronchiseptica and homologous to ferric siderophore receptors SO MICROBIOLOGY-UK LA English DT Article DE Bordetella; TonB-dependent receptors; iron sources ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER FLAVOPROTEIN; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TONB; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; GENE; PERTUSSIS AB The bfrA (Bordetella bronchiseptica ferric iron repressed outer-membrane protein) gene was cloned Bordetella bronchiseptica by screening a library of TnphoA insertion mutants for iron-repressed fusions to phoA. The bfrA gene encoded an 80 kDa outer-membrane protein with a high level of amino acid sequence identity to several bacterial proteins belonging to the family of Ton B-dependent outer-membrane receptors. BfrA was especially homologous to Cir of Escherichia coli, IrgA of Vibrio cholerae and to three previously characterized ferric enterobactin receptors. DNA hybridization results indicated that bfrA was not present in other Bordetella species. Expression of the bfrA gene was induced by low iron availability from a promoter overlapped by a sequence resembling a consensus Fur-binding sequence, and bfrA expression was derepressed in a B. bronchiseptica fur mutant. Utilization of the Bordetella siderophore alcaligin and the exogenous siderophore enterobactin was unaffected in bfrA mutants. Upon attempting to find the specificity of BfrA, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine (DHBS) was shown to be utilized in a bfeA (Bordetella ferric enterobactin receptor gene)-dependent manner by B. bronchiseptica and B. pertussis. In addition, the hydroxamate siderophores ferrichrome and desferrioxamine B, and the iron source haemin were shown to be utilized independently of bfeA and bfrA in B. bronchiseptica and B. pertussis. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP C02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-UK JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JAN PY 1997 VL 143 BP 135 EP 145 PN 1 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WE411 UT WOS:A1997WE41100017 PM 9025287 ER PT J AU Halverson, PK Mays, GP Kaluzny, AD Richards, TB AF Halverson, PK Mays, GP Kaluzny, AD Richards, TB TI Not-so-strange bedfellows: Models of interaction between managed care plans and public health agencies SO MILBANK QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID REFORM AB Alliances between managed care plans and public health agencies are a growing phenomenon in local health care markets, with profound implications for health care quality, cost, and accessibility. A typology of interorganizational relations between managed care plans and local public health agencies is drawn from observations of over 60 public health jurisdictions. Relations are described along three dimensions corresponding to the strategic intent, functional operation, and structural design of each alliance type. The identified models of interaction reveal the motivations for forming alliances, the mechanics of their operation, and the possible outcomes. These alliances suggest that a wide range of interorganizational strategies is possible in order to pursue the shared interests of local public health agencies and managed care plans. Nonetheless, public health agencies may face challenges in forging managed care alliances that benefit community-wide populations and that are open to participation by the full spectrum of health care providers in the community. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PUBL HLTH SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Halverson, PK (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & ADM,BOX 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02148-5023 SN 0887-378X J9 MILBANK Q JI Milbank Q. PY 1997 VL 75 IS 1 BP 113 EP & DI 10.1111/1468-0009.00046 PG 28 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA WM195 UT WOS:A1997WM19500006 PM 9063302 ER PT J AU Alderton, DL Wolfe, JH Larson, GE AF Alderton, DL Wolfe, JH Larson, GE TI The ECAT battery SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORKING-MEMORY; VALIDITY AB The Enhanced Computer-Administered Test (ECAT) battery was selected by a Joint-Services panel of testing experts tasked with finding computerized tests that were likely to increase validity when added to the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). The tests are described in this article and illustrated with sample items. Factor analysis of the ASVAB and ECAT battery showed that, although there is considerable overlap between the batteries, the ECAT battery measures 3 ability factors beyond those measured by the ASVAB: Working Memory, Spatial Ability, and Psychomotor Ability. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. USN,CTR PERSONNEL RES & DEV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. OI Wolfe, John/0000-0002-4262-8520 NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 37 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0901_1 PG 33 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WE074 UT WOS:A1997WE07400002 ER PT J AU Larson, GE Alderton, DL AF Larson, GE Alderton, DL TI Test-retest results for the ECAT battery SO MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To determine reliabilities and practice effects for the Enhanced Computer-Administered Test battery, the tests were administered twice to a sample of 313 high school and junior college students (223 men and 90 women). The test-retest interval was either 4 or 5 weeks, depending on the test site. The main results were (a) statistically significant practice effects for all tests except Assembling Objects, although some of these score gains may not be of practical significance; (b) reliabilities ranging from a low of .75 to a high of .91; and (c) relatively lower scores for women on all psychomotor tests and certain spatial tests. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Larson, GE (reprint author), USN,CTR PERSONNEL RES & DEV,53335 RYNE RD,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 0899-5605 J9 MIL PSYCHOL JI Milit. Psychol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1207/s15327876mp0901_2 PG 9 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA WE074 UT WOS:A1997WE07400003 ER PT J AU Sekhon, AS Padhye, AA Kaufman, L Garg, AK Ajello, L Ambrosie, E Panter, T AF Sekhon, AS Padhye, AA Kaufman, L Garg, AK Ajello, L Ambrosie, E Panter, T TI Antigenic relationships among pathogenic Beauveria bassiana with Engyodontium album (=B-alba) and non-pathogenic species of the genus Beauveria SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE exoantigens; antigenic relationships; anti-Beauveria species and Engyodontium album sera; pathogenic and non-pathogenic Beauveria species; Engyodontium album; micro-immunodiffusion ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; EXOANTIGEN AB Exoantigenic extracts of 15 isolates belonging to hyalohyphomycosis-causing Beauveria bassiana (1), and Engyodontium album (1), as well as other species of the genus Beauveria (one isolate each of B. brogniartii, B. densa, B. stephanoderis, B. velata, B. vermiconia and six isolates of unknown Beauveria species) were studied. Aqueous-merthiolated extracts derived from 10-day-old Sabouraud's dextrose agar slant cultures (25 degrees C) were concentrated (25X), and reacted against rabbit anti-B. bassiana serum in the presence of partially purified homologous antigen (20X) prepared from 5-week-old shaken cultures (30 degrees C), using a microimmunodiffusion procedure. Beauveria bassiana reference antigen and antiserum reacted to produce four bands of identity. With the exception of E. album, which was negative, extracts of the isolates of B. brogniartii, B, densa, B. stephanoderis, B, velata, B. vermiconia and the unknown Beauveria species all produced 2-4 lines of identity against the homologous anti-B, bassiana serum. These results suggested that all the species of the genus Beauveria tested were antigenically related to B. bassiana. Engyodontium album demonstrated antigenic distinctness, however, from B. bassiana and thus supported the validity of this taxon. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,EYE RES UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Sekhon, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT MED & IMMUNOL,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2H7,CANADA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1023/A:1006857800920 PG 4 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA YK925 UT WOS:A1997YK92500001 PM 9404019 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Becking, GC Cuomo, V Frantik, E Kulig, BM MacPhail, RC Tilson, HA Winneke, G Brightwell, WS Cagiano, R Gill, MW Haggerty, GC Hornychova, M Lammers, J Larsen, JJ McDaniel, KL Nelson, BK Ostergaard, G AF Moser, VC Becking, GC Cuomo, V Frantik, E Kulig, BM MacPhail, RC Tilson, HA Winneke, G Brightwell, WS Cagiano, R Gill, MW Haggerty, GC Hornychova, M Lammers, J Larsen, JJ McDaniel, KL Nelson, BK Ostergaard, G TI The IPCS Collaborative Study on Neurobehavioral Screening Methods: III. Results of proficiency studies SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE functional observational battery; motor activity; DDT; parathion; acrylamide; triadimefon; chlorpromazine ID TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDE; TRIADIMEFON AB The goal of the IPCS Collaborative Study on Neurobehavioral Screening Methods was to determine the intra- and inter-laboratory reliability of a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automated assessment of motor activity in eight laboratories world-wide. The first phase of the Collaborative Study involved training the participants: evidence of training was then evaluated using positive-control compounds. The positive-control studies required the laboratories to identify, using the FOE, specific neurotoxic syndromes produced by acute exposure to p,p'-DDT, parathion, and by short-term repeated dosing with acrylamide. For the sake of expediency, only one dose of each chemical was used instead of collecting dose-response data. Motor activity test chambers were not of uniform design. The laboratories were therefore required to demonstrate adequate sensitivity by the ability to detect statistically-significant activity increases and decreases produced by triadimefon and chlorpromazine, respectively, following acute administration of a range of doses. The resulting FOE and motor activity data showed variability in the magnitude of effects obtained: some of these differences were attributed to miscommunications, difficulties with the techniques or protocol, or the limitations of having only one dose. All laboratories, however, successfully met the criteria set forth by the Study Steering Committee. (C) 1997 Intox Press, Inc. C1 US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Bari, Inst Pharmacol, Bari, Italy. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. TNO Nutr & Food Res, Zeist, Netherlands. Inst Environm Hyg, Dusseldorf, Germany. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Union Carbide Corp, Bushy Run Res Ctr, Export, PA USA. GD Searle & Co, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Food Agcy, Soborg, Denmark. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Cuomo, Vincenzo/D-2772-2009; cuomo, vincenzo/J-6777-2012 NR 6 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 939 EP 946 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YT265 UT WOS:000071582400004 PM 9457731 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Becking, GC Cuomo, V Frantik, E Kulig, BM MacPhail, RC Tilson, HA Winneke, G Brightwell, WS De Salvia, MA Gill, MW Haggerty, GC Hornychova, M Lammers, J Larsen, JJ McDaniel, KL Nelson, BK Ostergaard, G AF Moser, VC Becking, GC Cuomo, V Frantik, E Kulig, BM MacPhail, RC Tilson, HA Winneke, G Brightwell, WS De Salvia, MA Gill, MW Haggerty, GC Hornychova, M Lammers, J Larsen, JJ McDaniel, KL Nelson, BK Ostergaard, G TI The IPCS Collaborative Study on Neurobehavioral Screening Methods: IV. Control data SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE functional observational battery; motor activity; between-laboratory comparisons; within-laboratory comparisons; control data AB The goal of the international Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Collaborative Study on Neurobehavioral Screening Methods was to determine the intra-and inter-laboratory reliability of a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automated assessment of motor activity in eight laboratories worldwide. The control data were crucial to the outcome of the studies in terms of sensitivity and reliability of the lest measures, which in turn impact on the between-laboratory comparisons of chemical effects. In addition, analyses of control data can aid in determining endpoints that may require modification to improve their sensitivity and reliability. The control data from the eight laboratories were examined in terms of the following parameters: 1) control variability within studies for each laboratory; 2) within-laboratory replicability of control values across studies; 3) within-laboratory stability of control values over the course of testing for a given study; and 4) between-laboratory comparisons of parameters (1), (2), and (3). The analyses indicated considerable differences across endpoints, wherein some measures showed high variability and little replicability, while others were extremely reproducible. Generally, there were similar ranges of variability and replicability of control data across laboratories, although in some cases one or two laboratories were markedly different from the others. The physiological (weight, body temperature) and neuromuscular (grip strength, landing foot splay) endpoints exhibited the least variability, whereas the subjective assessments of reactivity varied the most. These data indicate a reasonable degree of comparability in the data generated in the participating laboratories. (C) 1997 Intox Press, Inc. C1 US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Bari, Inst Pharmacol, Bari, Italy. TNO Nutr & Food Res, Zeist, Netherlands. Inst Environm Hyg, Dusseldorf, Germany. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Union Carbide Corp, Bushy Run Res Ctr, Export, PA USA. GD Searle & Co, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Food Agcy, Soborg, Denmark. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Cuomo, Vincenzo/D-2772-2009; cuomo, vincenzo/J-6777-2012; OI De Salvia, Maria Antonietta/0000-0001-5326-792X NR 3 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 947 EP 967 PG 21 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YT265 UT WOS:000071582400005 PM 9457732 ER PT J AU Moser, VC Becking, GC Cuomo, V Frantik, E Kulig, BM MacPhail, RC Tilson, HA Winneke, G Brightwell, WS De Salvia, MA Gill, MW Haggerty, GC Hornychova, M Lammers, J Larsen, JJ McDaniel, KL Nelson, BK Ostergaard, G AF Moser, VC Becking, GC Cuomo, V Frantik, E Kulig, BM MacPhail, RC Tilson, HA Winneke, G Brightwell, WS De Salvia, MA Gill, MW Haggerty, GC Hornychova, M Lammers, J Larsen, JJ McDaniel, KL Nelson, BK Ostergaard, G TI The IPCS Collaborative Study on Neurobehavioral Screening Methods: V. Results of chemical testing SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE functional observational battery; motor activity; between-laboratory comparisons; within-laboratory comparisons; acrylamide; bis-acrylamide; p,p '-DDTT; lead acetate; parathion; toluene; triethyl tin ID FUNCTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL BATTERY; ACRYLAMIDE NEUROPATHY; MUSCARINIC AGONISTS; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; BEHAVIORAL-TESTS; TIN DISTRIBUTION; MOUTH MOVEMENTS; TOXIC AGENTS; RATS; NEUROTOXICITY AB The IPCS Collaborative Study on Neurobehavioral Screening Methods was undertaken to determine the intra-and inter-laboratory reliability of a functional observational battery (FOE) and an automated assessment of motor activity in eight laboratories world-wide. Following the training phase and the conduct of proficiency studies in all laboratories, participants proceeded to test the effects of seven chemicals in both single dose and four-week repeated dosing scenarios. The chemicals studied were acrylamide, bisacrylamide, p,p'-DDT, lead acetate, parathion, toluene, and triethyl tin. Participants received coded samples from a common source. In order to judge the general utility of these procedures in a diversity of testing situations, laboratories conducted the studies under their standard conditions, using their choice of rat strain and test equipment Chemical doses and time of peak effect for acute testing were determined by each laboratory: these parameters were guile similar for some chemicals, but varied greatly for others. The results of the chemical tests indicated that while there was some variability in the data on specific endpoints, all laboratories detected and characterized the effects of all but one of the known neurotoxicants. The one exception (toluene) was probably due to other factors (e.g., dose level, route of administration) rather than lack of sensitivity of the test methods. This study provides extensive data regarding the use of neurobehavioral screening methods over a range of laboratory conditions as well as the reliability, sensitivity, and robustness of the tests to detect neurotoxic potential of chemicals. (C) 1997 Intox Press, Inc. C1 US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. WHO, Int Programme Chem Safety, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Bari, Inst Pharmacol, Bari, Italy. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Prague, Czech Republic. TNO Nutr & Food Res, Zeist, Netherlands. Inst Environm Hyg, Dusseldorf, Germany. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Union Carbide Corp, Bushy Run Res Ctr, Export, PA USA. GD Searle & Co, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl Food Agcy, Soborg, Denmark. RP Moser, VC (reprint author), US EPA, NTD, Div Neurotoxicol, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-74B, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RI Cuomo, Vincenzo/D-2772-2009; cuomo, vincenzo/J-6777-2012; OI De Salvia, Maria Antonietta/0000-0001-5326-792X NR 105 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PY 1997 VL 18 IS 4 BP 969 EP 1055 PG 87 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA YT265 UT WOS:000071582400006 PM 9457733 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Plikaytis, BD Gozansky, WS Wenger, JD Schuchat, A AF Whitney, CG Plikaytis, BD Gozansky, WS Wenger, JD Schuchat, A TI Prevention practices for perinatal group B streptococcal disease: A multi-state surveillance analysis SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; NEONATAL INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION; PREGNANCY; CARRIAGE; SEPSIS AB Objective: To evaluate hospital-based practices for perinatal group B streptococcal disease prevention and to identify institutional factors related to the disease. Methods: We surveyed microbiology laboratories and obstetric programs during 1994 at hospitals in five states with active surveillance for invasive group B streptococcal disease. Institutions provided information on methods for detecting carriers and on obstetric policies for group B streptococcal disease prevention. We used linear regression to identify prevention practices and hospital characteristics that correlated with the number of cases of early-onset disease. Results: Of 295 hospitals, 247 (84%) laboratories and 154 (52%) obstetric programs completed the survey. Most (83%) laboratories performed group B streptococcal cultures on rectal and vaginal specimens, but only 12 (6%) used selective broth media. Among the obstetric programs, 54 (35%) had policies on some aspect of group B streptococcal disease prevention. Of the hospitals with policies, 21 (48%) recommended intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for women with risk factors outlined by the 1992 ACOG statement. Adjusting for the number of births, there were more cases of early-onset group B streptococcal disease in institutions providing care for more African American women and for more women with no prenatal care. Institutions that had group B streptococcal screening policies had fewer early-onset cases. Conclusion: Many institutions with prevention policies followed practices that differed from those recommended in published prevention statements. Having any screening policy, however, was associated with reduced early-onset disease, independent of the risk profile of the patient population. Adopting prevention policies is most urgent for practices serving individuals at increased risk, such as African American women and women without prenatal care. Copyright (C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(96)00372-9 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA WB134 UT WOS:A1997WB13400007 PM 8990432 ER PT J AU Zola, J Smith, N Goldman, S Woodruff, BA AF Zola, J Smith, N Goldman, S Woodruff, BA TI Attitudes and educational practices of obstetric providers regarding infant hepatitis B vaccination SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; PEDIATRICIANS; POPULATION; REFUGEES; CENTERS; WOMEN; BORN AB Objective: To survey the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of obstetric providers regarding the education of pregnant women about infant hepatitis B vaccination. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 264 physicians providing obstetric services in San Francisco. Of these, 113 were confirmed to be providing prenatal care. Results: Seventy-six obstetric providers returned completed questionnaires. Among eligible respondents, 79% believed that hepatitis B vaccine should be administered to all infants at birth, and 92% believed that it is feasible to educate all expectant mothers about infant hepatitis B vaccination. However, only 53% of respondents provided such education to all their pregnant patients. Only 23% provided education about other routine childhood immunizations. Conclusions: Obstetric providers in San Francisco are willing to educate pregnant patients about hepatitis B vaccination but are not always doing so. Providing education in a consistent manner may improve infant hepatitis B vaccination rates and may increase coverage with other childhood vaccines. Copyright (C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(96)00389-4 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA WB134 UT WOS:A1997WB13400014 PM 8990439 ER PT J AU Barbosa, C Macasaet, M Brockmann, S Sierra, MF Xia, ZS Duerr, A AF Barbosa, C Macasaet, M Brockmann, S Sierra, MF Xia, ZS Duerr, A TI Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; SEROPREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective: To identify the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the clinical course of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Methods: Women hospitalized with PID at an urban hospital serving a population at high risk for HIV were studied cross-sectionally. Data abstracted from medical records of 349 women, admitted between July 1992 and April 1994 were linked anonymously to HIV serology. Main outcome measures were length of hospital stay, prolonged fever, tube-ovarian abscess, surgery, and change in antibiotics. Results: Among the 349 women with PID, 27 were HIV-positive. These HIV-positive women had lower mean white blood cell counts at admission (7411 versus 11,266, P < .01), lower mean lymphocyte counts (1411 versus 1928, P < .01), greater febrile morbidity (54 versus 28.3%, P < .01), and longer hospital stays (10.5 versus 6.4 days, P < .01) than HIV-negative women. Women who were HIV-positive required more time for defervescence and needed to change their antibiotic regimen more frequently (41 versus 12.7%, P < .01); differences in tube-ovarian abscesses (19 versus 14%, P = .52) or surgery (15 versus 6.2%, P = .10) were not significant. The differences in hospital course between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were modest, and they were resolved largely by the fourth or fifth hospital day. All HIV-positive women were treated successfully with first- or second-line antibiotic regimens. Conclusion: Despite more severe initial presentation and a prolonged hospital course, HIV-positive women with PID, but without other acute illnesses, were treated successfully with standard therapeutic regimens. These observations support current recommendations for hospitalization of HIV-positive women with PID and treatment according to current standards. Copyright (C) 1997 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(96)00387-0 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA WB134 UT WOS:A1997WB13400015 PM 8990440 ER PT J AU Adams, MM Herman, AA Notzon, FC AF Adams, MM Herman, AA Notzon, FC TI International symposium on maternally-linked pregnancy outcomes - Preface SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NICHHD,NIH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF INT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Adams, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WHO,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 SU 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC570 UT WOS:A1997WC57000001 ER PT J AU McCarthy, BJ Berendes, HW AF McCarthy, BJ Berendes, HW TI Pregnancy outcome investigation for the 21st century - Commentary SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP McCarthy, BJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 SU 1 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC570 UT WOS:A1997WC57000002 PM 9018710 ER PT J AU Herman, AA McCarthy, BJ Bakewell, JM Ward, RH Mueller, BA Maconochie, NE Read, AW Zadka, P Skjaerven, R AF Herman, AA McCarthy, BJ Bakewell, JM Ward, RH Mueller, BA Maconochie, NE Read, AW Zadka, P Skjaerven, R TI Data linkage methods used in maternally-linked birth and infant death surveillance data sets from the United States (Georgia, Missouri, Utah and Washington State), Israel, Norway, Scotland and Western Australia SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Maternally Linked Pregnancy Outcomes CY SEP, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA ID PREGNANCY AB In this paper we describe the methods used to link birth and infant mortality and morbidity surveillance data sets into sibships using deterministic or multistage probabilistic linkage methods. We describe nine linked data sets: four in the United States (Georgia, Missouri, Utah and Washington State), and four elsewhere (Scotland, Norway, Israel and Western Australia). Norway and Israel use deterministic methods to Link births and deaths into sibships. The deterministic linkage is usually dependent on the availability of national identification numbers. In both countries they assign these numbers at birth. Deterministic Linkage is usually highly successful, and the major problem is the validation of linkages. In the United States, Western Australia and UK linkage is multistage and probabilistic. This approach is usually dependent on the calculation linkage weights from sociodemographic variables. The success rates of probabilistic methods are above 80%. Maternally-linked perinatal data open new vistas for epidemiological research. Recurrence of poor perinatal outcomes is more appropriately studied using longitudinally-linked data sets. In addition, the emergence of risk factors and the recurrence of risk factors can be studied. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV REPROD HLTH, WHO, ATLANTA, GA USA. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH, BUR HLTH DATA ANAL, JEFFERSON CITY, MO USA. UNIV UTAH, DEPT HUMAN GENET, SALT LAKE CITY, UT USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, SEATTLE, WA USA. UNIV OXFORD, ICRF, CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT, OXFORD, ENGLAND. TVW TELETHON INST CHILD HLTH RES, PERTH, WA, AUSTRALIA. CENT BUR STAT, HLTH DIV, JERUSALEM, ISRAEL. UNIV BERGEN, MED INFORMAT & STAT SECT, BERGEN, NORWAY. RP Herman, AA (reprint author), NICHHD, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES, NIH,BLDG 6100, ROOM 7803, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-0-2915, N01-HD-0-2916]; Wellcome Trust NR 20 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 SU 1 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.11.s1.11.x PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC570 UT WOS:A1997WC57000003 PM 9018711 ER PT J AU Krulewitch, CJ Herman, AA Yu, KF Johnson, YR AF Krulewitch, CJ Herman, AA Yu, KF Johnson, YR TI Does changing paternity contribute to the risk of intrauterine growth retardation? SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Maternally Linked Pregnancy Outcomes CY SEP, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA ID CHRONIC VILLITIS; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; PREECLAMPSIA; PREGNANCIES; PLACENTAE; COMPLEX AB An immune reaction initiated by paternal antigens may be necessary for healthy placental development, pregnancy maintenance and infant growth. An inadequate immune response may result in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). We hypothesised that a change in paternity may interfere with the immune response and cause poor placentation with resultant IUGR. Ln this paper we examine the risk of IUGR associated with changes in paternity. We used the Utah Successive Pregnancies Data Set that contains information on women across their pregnancies. We restricted the analysis to 141 817 women with two or three pregnancies. Women who did not have an IUGR infant in the previous pregnancy were at a 20-30% greater risk of developing IUGR if they had changed partners. Women who had a previous IUGR infant were at no increased risk for IUGR after a change in paternity. These results may point to an immune mechanism or may be as a result of residual confounding of unmeasured risk factors for IUGR. Further studies with data that contain more sociodemographic and biological risk factors for IUGR are necessary to exclude residual confounding. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREGNANCY & INFANT HLTH BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NICHHD,NIH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 SU 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.11.s1.7.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC570 UT WOS:A1997WC57000006 PM 9018714 ER PT J AU Adams, MM Delaney, KM Stupp, PW McCarthy, BJ Rawlings, JS AF Adams, MM Delaney, KM Stupp, PW McCarthy, BJ Rawlings, JS TI The relationship of interpregnancy interval to infant birthweight and length of gestation among low-risk women, Georgia SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Maternally Linked Pregnancy Outcomes CY SEP, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM BIRTH; PREGNANCY; GROWTH; AGE AB To examine the association between interpregnancy interval and low birthweight (< 2500 g), preterm delivery (< 37 weeks' gestation), and inadequate fetal growth, we studied a population-based sample of 23 388 white and 4885 black women at low risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes who delivered their first and second infants in Georgia from 1980 to 1992. We used fetal death and livebirth certificates. The interpregnancy interval was the time from delivery to the woman's next conception. For each pregnancy outcome, we stratified by race and used logistic regression to assess the association between interpregnancy interval and outcome, while controlling for confounders. Intervals < 6 months were observed for 3.7% of white women and 7.0% of black women and intervals greater than or equal to 48 months were seen for 16.8% of white women and 24.8% of black women. Results from logistic regression showed that, for both races, interpregnancy interval was associated with low birth-weight and preterm delivery. Nearly all of the increased risk occurred in intervals < 6 months or greater than or equal to 48 months. The magnitude of the increase in risk associated with these intervals ranged from modest to moderate and was similar for black and white women. Because short interpregnancy intervals are rare and are weak risk factors among low-risk women, efforts to lengthen interpregnancy intervals are unlikely to reduce substantially their rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. C1 MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,TACOMA,WA 98431. RP Adams, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR PERINATAL CARE & HLTH SERV RES,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 SU 1 BP 48 EP 62 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.11.s1.8.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC570 UT WOS:A1997WC57000007 PM 9018715 ER PT J AU Adams, MM Berg, CJ McDermott, JM Gaudino, JA Casto, DL Wilson, HG McCarthy, BJ AF Adams, MM Berg, CJ McDermott, JM Gaudino, JA Casto, DL Wilson, HG McCarthy, BJ TI Evaluation of reproductive histories constructed by linking vital records SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRTH AB We used 1.4 million fetal death and birth certificates filed in Georgia between 1980 and 1992 to construct 369686 chains of two or more reproductive events occurring to the same woman. We evaluated these chains using both information on the certificates and information independently collected in interviews with 1311 women. Overall, 86.6% of the chains had the expected number of events, based on the certificate's information about previous pregnancies. Seventy-nine per cent of the chains had the expected number of events based on the maternal interviews. Consistency between the observed number of events in the chain and the number expected, based either on data from the certificates or from the maternal interviews, was greatest for chains with two or three events. Mothers born in Georgia were more likely to have complete chains than mothers born elsewhere. Among the 551391 non-linked certificates, 48.7% were the mother's first birth, 40.2% were second or higher-order births to women whose previous pregnancy occurred before 1980, and 11.1% were second or higher-order births to women whose previous pregnancy occurred after 1980. Fetal death and livebirth certificates can be linked to construct pregnancy histories with reasonably low levels of underlinkage and overlinkage. C1 WHO,COLLABORATING CTR PERINATAL CARE & HLTH SERV RES,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,OFF PERINATAL EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 78 EP 92 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC170 UT WOS:A1997WC17000010 PM 9018730 ER PT J AU McDermott, J Drews, C Green, D Berg, C AF McDermott, J Drews, C Green, D Berg, C TI Evaluation of prenatal care information on birth certificates SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UTILIZATION INDEX; VALIDATION; ADEQUACY AB Misclassification frequently leads to bias in epidemiological studies, and causes concern for perinatal epidemiologists interested in using birth certificates as a data source. We used a maximum likelihood method to estimate the classification probabilities (conditional probabilities that indicate the probability of classification in a particular category, given the person's true category) of two data sources for a three-category outcome of prenatal care. The probability that women receiving adequate or inadequate care were correctly classified was estimated to be greater than 90%. The probability was much lower (<35%) that women receiving intermediate care were correctly classified. The misclassification of women from the intermediate category resulted in poor predictive values (<70%) of women classified as receiving either adequate or inadequate care. Because of these findings, we combined the adequate and intermediate categories to form a two-category classification system. This revision resulted in higher positive predictive values (>90%) with only a slightly lower classification probability (>85%) for the combined category. We conclude that the degree of accuracy for a two-category classification of prenatal care based upon birth certificate information is acceptable, but we question the accuracy of indices of prenatal care with more than two categories. C1 EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1997.d01-4.x PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA WC170 UT WOS:A1997WC17000012 PM 9018732 ER PT J AU Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Whitley, RJ Yogev, R AF Halsey, NA Abramson, JS Chesney, PJ Fisher, MC Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Murray, DL Overturf, GD Whitley, RJ Yogev, R TI Recommended childhood immunization schedule - United States, January-December 1997 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. AMER THORAC SOC,NEW YORK,NY. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 1 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 BP 136 EP 138 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WB350 UT WOS:A1997WB35000023 ER PT J AU Browngoehl, K Kennedy, K Krotki, K Mainzer, H AF Browngoehl, K Kennedy, K Krotki, K Mainzer, H TI Increasing immunization: A Medicaid managed care model SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE immunization; managed care; Medicaid; medical assistance; incentives; home visiting; barriers AB Objective. To evaluate the impact of an immunization outreach program on immunization rates. Setting. A Pennsylvania independent practice association model managed care organization (100% Medicaid). Design. Retrospective cohort study (N = 2511) of children 30 to 35 months of age from two age cohorts that compared immunization rates for Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices schedules for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, oral polio vaccine, measles-mumps-rubella, and Haemophilus influenza type b, An evaluation of the outreach component of the program compared treatment and nontreatment subgroups of one age cohort (N = 1002). Intervention. The immunization program targeted approximately 19 000 members from birth to 6 years of age. The program components included computerized tracking and reminders, member and provider education, provider incentives, member incentives, and home visiting outreach. Results. Data indicate that the treatment group has higher completed immunization rates at 35 months of age than does the control group. Furthermore, data show that members with home visits have significantly higher completed immunization rates than do other members. The corresponding comparisons for age-appropriate immunizations by 24 months indicate a nonsignificant trend of increased rates. Conclusion. The data provide evidence supporting a correlation between comprehensive strategies (computerized tracking, member and provider education and incentives, and home visiting) and increased immunization rates. Those individuals who received home visits were more likely to complete an immunization series by 35 months of age than those who did not. However, within the Mercy Health Plan program, age-appropriate immunizations are not significantly affected by home-visiting outreach. C1 MERCY HLTH PLAN,PHILADELPHIA,PA. TEMPLE UNIV,INST SURVEY RES,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19122. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP E41 EP E45 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WT123 UT WOS:A1997WT12300004 ER PT J AU Montana, E Etzel, RA Allan, T Horgan, TE Dearborn, DG AF Montana, E Etzel, RA Allan, T Horgan, TE Dearborn, DG TI Environmental risk factors associated with pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in a Cleveland community SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pulmonary hemorrhage; hemosiderosis; infancy; indoor air pollution; pesticides; volatile organic compounds; cholinesterase ID MATERNAL SMOKING; COCAINE USE; CHILDREN; MILK AB Background. Unexplained pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis are rarely seen in infancy, A geographic cluster of 10 infants with this illness was identified in a large pediatric referral hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, during the period of January 1993 through December 1994. One infant died of severe respiratory failure. Methods. A case-control study was conducted. Three control infants were matched by age with each case infant. All study infants' guardians were interviewed. Questions were asked about child care practices and home conditions for the period before case infants' illnesses. All infants' records were reviewed, their homes were visited, and a structural and environmental survey was conducted. Results. All 10 case infants were black, and 9 were male, whereas 50.0% of control infants were male, and 83.3% were black. The case infants' mean age was 10.2 weeks (range, 6 weeks to 6 months). Matched analysis demonstrated that case infants' homes were more likely to have had water damage preceding the pulmonary hemorrhage event (odds ratio, 16.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.55 to infinity). Case infants were also more likely to have had close relatives with pulmonary hemorrhage (odds ratio, 33.14; 95% confidence interval, 5.10 to infinity), In addition, 50.0% of case infants experienced recurrent pulmonary hemorrhaging after returning to their homes. Conclusion. The results of this investigation of a cluster of infants with massive, acute pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis suggest that the affected infants may have been exposed to contaminants in their homes. Epidemiologic clues, such as water damage in the case infants' homes, suggest that environmental risk factors may contribute to pulmonary hemorrhage. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AIR POLLUTT & RESP HLTH BRANCH,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CUYAHOGA CTY BOARD HLTH,CLEVELAND,OH. RAINBOW BABIES & CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,CASE WESTERN RESERVE SCH MED,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 1997 VL 99 IS 1 SU S BP E51 EP E58 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WT123 UT WOS:A1997WT12300005 ER PT S AU Jafari, HS AF Jafari, HS BE Brown, F Greco, D Mastrantonio, P Salmaso, S Wassilak, S TI Absolute and relative efficacy of whole-cell vaccines SO PERTUSSIS VACCINE TRIALS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pertussis Vaccine Trials CY OCT 30, 1995-NOV 01, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY SP Ist Super Sanita, WHO, Childrens Vaccine Initiat, NiAID, Int Federat Pharm Manufacturers Assoc, European Commiss COST STD Initiat, European Vaccine Res, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat ID PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; UNITED-STATES RP Jafari, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6481-3 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1997 VL 89 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJ43T UT WOS:A1997BJ43T00018 PM 9272347 ER PT S AU Hadler, SC Orenstein, WA AF Hadler, SC Orenstein, WA BE Brown, F Greco, D Mastrantonio, P Salmaso, S Wassilak, S TI Public health application of acellular pertussis vaccines SO PERTUSSIS VACCINE TRIALS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pertussis Vaccine Trials CY OCT 30, 1995-NOV 01, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY SP Ist Super Sanita, WHO, Childrens Vaccine Initiat, NiAID, Int Federat Pharm Manufacturers Assoc, European Commiss COST STD Initiat, European Vaccine Res, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; INFECTION RP Hadler, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,1600 CLIFTON RD,MSE-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6481-3 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1997 VL 89 BP 355 EP 361 PG 7 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJ43T UT WOS:A1997BJ43T00045 PM 9272371 ER PT S AU Chen, RT AF Chen, RT BE Brown, F Greco, D Mastrantonio, P Salmaso, S Wassilak, S TI Safety of acellular pertussis vaccine: Follow-up studies SO PERTUSSIS VACCINE TRIALS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pertussis Vaccine Trials CY OCT 30, 1995-NOV 01, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY SP Ist Super Sanita, WHO, Childrens Vaccine Initiat, NiAID, Int Federat Pharm Manufacturers Assoc, European Commiss COST STD Initiat, European Vaccine Res, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat RP Chen, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM MSE61,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6481-3 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1997 VL 89 BP 373 EP 375 PG 3 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJ43T UT WOS:A1997BJ43T00049 PM 9272374 ER PT S AU Orenstein, WA AF Orenstein, WA BE Brown, F Greco, D Mastrantonio, P Salmaso, S Wassilak, S TI Rapporteur's summary of the symposium SO PERTUSSIS VACCINE TRIALS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Pertussis Vaccine Trials CY OCT 30, 1995-NOV 01, 1996 CL ROME, ITALY SP Ist Super Sanita, WHO, Childrens Vaccine Initiat, NiAID, Int Federat Pharm Manufacturers Assoc, European Commiss COST STD Initiat, European Vaccine Res, Int Assoc Biol Standardizat RP Orenstein, WA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-5149 BN 3-8055-6481-3 J9 DEV BIOL STAND JI Dev.Biol.Stand. PY 1997 VL 89 BP 397 EP 403 PG 7 WC Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BJ43T UT WOS:A1997BJ43T00054 ER PT B AU Caspersen, CJ Zack, MM AF Caspersen, CJ Zack, MM BE Leon, AS TI The prevalence of physical inactivity in the United States SO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: A NATIONAL CONSENSUS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Consensus Development Conference on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health CY DEC 18-20, 1995 CL NIH CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MD SP NIHLBI, NIH Off Med Appl Res, NIVHHD, NIA, NIAMSD, NIDDKD, NINR, NIH Off Res Womens Hlth, NIH Off Dis Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Council Phys Fitness & Sports HO NIH CAMPUS RP Caspersen, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CARDIOVASC HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL PI CHAMPAIGN PA BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61825-5076 BN 0-88011-610-2 PY 1997 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BH67L UT WOS:A1997BH67L00005 ER PT B AU Powell, KE AF Powell, KE BE Leon, AS TI Population attributable risk of physical inactivity SO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: A NATIONAL CONSENSUS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Consensus Development Conference on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health CY DEC 18-20, 1995 CL NIH CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MD SP NIHLBI, NIH Off Med Appl Res, NIVHHD, NIA, NIAMSD, NIDDKD, NINR, NIH Off Res Womens Hlth, NIH Off Dis Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Presidents Council Phys Fitness & Sports HO NIH CAMPUS RP Powell, KE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN KINETICS PUBL PI CHAMPAIGN PA BOX 5076, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61825-5076 BN 0-88011-610-2 PY 1997 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BH67L UT WOS:A1997BH67L00006 ER PT J AU Arday, DR Klevens, RM Nelson, DE Huang, P Giovino, GA Mowery, P AF Arday, DR Klevens, RM Nelson, DE Huang, P Giovino, GA Mowery, P TI Predictors of tobacco sales to minors SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE smoking; smoking prevention and control; smokeless tobacco ID CIGARETTE SALES; ILLEGAL SALE; REDUCE; AVAILABILITY; ENFORCEMENT; COMMUNITIES AB Background. Our purpose was to determine which characteristics of buyers, stores, and store clerks predicted successful tobacco sales to miners. Methods. Seventeen miners visited randomly selected retail outlets in the Austin, Texas, area and attempted to purchase tobacco products. We used logistic regression modeling to determine independent predictors of successful purchase attempts. Results. Overall, 101 of 165 attempts (61.2%) were successful. Although legally required, only 25.3% of stores posted warning signs about underage purchase of tobacco, and stores with signs were no less likely to sell to miners than stores without signs. Successful attempts were more common from vendors in metropolitan locations and from vendors with no alcohol products. Only 8.1% of attempts succeeded when buyers were questioned (usually about age), compared with 95.6% of attempts when no questions were asked (P < 0.001). The best predictor of a successful purchase attempt was failure to question buyers (adjusted odds ratio = 1,850; P < 0.001). Conclusions. Warning signs had no effect on vendors' compliance with the state miners' access law, and failure to question miners about their age substantially increased the odds of a successful purchase. Laws prohibiting tobacco sales to miners should be enforced by requiring vendors to obtain proof of buyers' ages for persons who appear to be <30 years of age. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCCDPHP,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BATTELLE MEM INST,ATLANTA,GA 30341. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1006/pmed.1996.9984 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA WD868 UT WOS:A1997WD86800002 PM 9010892 ER PT S AU Murthy, LI AF Murthy, LI BE Bingham, E Rall, DP TI Two NIOSH resources for implementing workplace safety and health surveillance SO PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES FOR LIVING IN A CHEMICAL WORLD: A SYMPOSIUM IN HONOR OF IRVING J. SELIKOFF SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Preventive Strategies for Living in a Chemical World, Dedicated to the Memory of Irving J Selikoff CY NOV 02-05, 1995 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Collegium Ramazzini ID PHYSICIAN RECOGNITION; MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE; EVENTS; CARE C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Murthy, LI (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-074-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 837 BP 319 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb56884.x PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BK42P UT WOS:000072113300023 PM 9472350 ER PT B AU Angulo, F AF Angulo, F BE Frahm, MW TI Here we go again? Reptile-associated salmonellosis in humans SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4TH Annual Conference of the Association-of-Amphibian-Veterinarians CY OCT 24-27, 1997 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Assoc Reptilian & Amphibian Vet C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Angulo, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOCIATION OF REPTILIAN AND AMPHIBIAN VETERINARIANS PI LAWRENCE PA POB 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA PY 1997 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BP99N UT WOS:000086845200012 ER PT B AU Brown, KK Teass, AW Stettler, LE Hines, CJ AF Brown, KK Teass, AW Stettler, LE Hines, CJ GP 1996 INT SYMP LAB AUTOMAT & ROBOT TI Benchmate assisted chlorophenoxy acid herbicides urinalysis method for biological monitoring of exposed field applicators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LABORATORY AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics (ISLAR 96) CY OCT 20-23, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA RP Brown, KK (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ZYMARK CORP PI HOPKINTON PA ZYMARK CTR, HOPKINTON, MA 01748 BN 0-931565-14-6 PY 1997 BP 498 EP 499 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Automation & Control Systems; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BJ23J UT WOS:A1997BJ23J00058 ER PT B AU Fehd, R AF Fehd, R GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI %ARRAY: construction and usage of arrays of macrovariables SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB The SAS(R) software data step statement array V {3} $ V1-V3 ('A' 'B''C'); produces three character variables named V1, V2, and V3 with corresponding initial values,'A','B', and 'C' and a function, dim(V), which returns a value of 3. Programmers can write simple macro tools for use in larger macro procedures. These tools can duplicate SAS software data step constructions that the programmer is comfortable using and make reading and comprehension easier. The macro statement %ARRAY(V,A B C) produces three macro variables, V1, V2, and V3, with corresponding values: A, B, and C and macro variable DIM_V with the value 3. These variables can then be used in the macro iterative loop statement %DO 1 = 1 %TO & DIM_V.; This paper examines the SAS data step array statement and discusses the issues in constructing and using arrays of macro-variables. The macro ARRAY takes parameters of either a list of elements or a data set. Macro ARRAY is a basic utility used in two other macros that address analysis of multiple-response data. See Fehd (1996), (1997) %CHECKALL and %SHOWCOMB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fehd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-G25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600069 ER PT B AU Fehd, R AF Fehd, R GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI %SHOWCOMB: A macro to produce a dataset with frequency of combinations of responses from multiple-response data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB Multiple-response data from survey questionnaires where questions have the instruction "check all that apply" present a challenge to the SAS(R) software programmer because the number of possible response combinations is two to the power of the number of responses. This paper examines the SAS proc FREQ output data set from a cross-tabulation and discusses the issues in constructing a ;similar data set for multiple-response data with one variable containing the combination of responses. Issues related to labeling, storage and type of multiple-response variables are discussed. The SHOWCOMB macro takes as parameters an output data set name which is the prefix of a series of variables containing the multiple-response data. The second parameter may be a list of the multiple-response variables, or the output data set provided by %CHECKALL. See Fehd (1996), (1997), %CHECKALL and %ARRAY. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fehd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 939 EP 943 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600154 ER PT B AU Feng, HA Nowlin, S AF Feng, HA Nowlin, S GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI From IBM/MVS to PC SAS for Windows, a SAS/AF FRAME entry application SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB This paper describes details involved in the transition of a mainframe, batch mode SAS system to a SAS/AF Frame Entry application using Windows(R) point-click techniques. The Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program is a joint effort of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) to improve the performance of industrial hygiene laboratories. Over 1400 industrial hygiene laboratories throughout the United States and Canada participate. Participants analyze a series of metals, silica, asbestos, and organic solvent samples and receive performance ratings quarterly. These ratings are used by a professional society, AIHA, to accredit industrial hygiene laboratories. The PAT System Is a SAS application which manages computer aspects of the PAT program,including database management, data analysis, and report production, The system originally ran under IBM mainframe SAS 607. Due to rising mainframe costs, the advent of high powered PCs and the ease of managing desktop applications, the PAT system was converted to a more user-friendly less expensive, PC based system. This paper discusses the processes of the transition, including movement of SAS files using SAS/CONNECT, movement of program files, incorporation of the original SAS programs with AF Frame Entries, development of a user-friendly AF application, and issues (file backup, advantages) under the PC environment. SAS software used includes: SAS/BASE, SAS/GRAPH, SAS/STAT, SAS/FSP, SAS/AF Frame SAS/CONNECT. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Feng, HA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 944 EP 948 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600155 ER PT B AU Fehd, R AF Fehd, R GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI %CHECKALL: a macro to produce a frequency of response dataset from multiple-response data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB Multiple-response data from survey questionnaires where questions have the instruction "check all that apply" present a challenge to the SAS(R) software programmer. For a simple question. the answer may be either A or B; the sum of percent responses is 100%. For the series of variables in a multiple-response question, the answer may be both A and B; because response rate for each variable in the series is dependent upon the other variables, the sum of the percent response may be greater than 100%. This paper examines the SAS software proc FREQ output data set and discusses the construction of a standardized data set containing frequency of response information for multiple-response data for graphics presentation. The CHECKALL macro takes as parameters an output data set name, and a a list of the multiple-response variables. The output data set contains the variable names and labels of the multiple-response variables. This data set is used by the SHOWCOMB macro to report the frequency of combinations of response. See Fehd (1996), (1997), %SHOWCOMB and %ARRAY. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fehd, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 1084 EP 1088 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600182 ER PT B AU Mosley-Hixon, S Ransom, RL AF Mosley-Hixon, S Ransom, RL GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI Storage strategies for data, formats, catalogs and other information in application development using the SAS (R) system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB When doing cross-platform development using the SAS System, developers have many options for the storage and access of information needed and generated by their applications. Using the many different engines provided and SAS/ACCESS(R) software, developers are not restricted to traditional SAS table and catalog storage. Alternative means of storage can enhance an application by minimizing maintenance required, increasing query speeds for large tables, standardizing storage strategies, efficiently using RAM, and utilizing the advantages of the Structured Query Language(SQL). Developers of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) information system (STDINFO) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) tried storing information in several standard and alternative structures recognizing benefits and short-comings of each approach. This paper will provide a brief description of these strategies and discuss their performance with various SAS/AF(R) software FRAME classes and certain specific objects. An overview of storage solutions selected for STDINFO will be demonstrated. This information is applicable to developers running SAS version 6.11 on the UNIX, Windows 3.1, Windows NT, and Windows 95 operating systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mosley-Hixon, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 1405 EP 1408 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600237 ER PT B AU Humphrey, K Ransom, RL AF Humphrey, K Ransom, RL GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI Systems architecture solutions for an STD information system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB The Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention (DSTDP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects data on occurrence of STD's and disseminates this information throughout the world public health community. DSTDP downsizing and the resulting need to maximize resources are necessitating the move of programmers into application development roles. Many programmer person-hours are spent on ad hoc requests for specific subsets and basic analyses on relatively static surveillance data tables. The tables currently reside on an IBM MVS mainframe. Many epidemiological and behavioral researchers and statisticians in the Division, hereafter referred to as "users", frequently wished to query these tables, but were unfamiliar with the mainframe environment. Therefore, they would request a subset of tables to be downloaded to the SAS(R) System for the Microsoft Windows(R) environment. Realizing that these requests were prime candidates for an application, programmers began to plan for an STD surveillance data access and analysis application. Analysis and design of an STD information application (STDINFO) began in early 1996. Due to extensive experience with the SAS System, existing licenses and the functionality of SAS/AF(R) (especially the new FRAME technology), the SAS System was the chosen development platform. In addition to application development, another need surfaced at about the same time. As sophistication of analyses increased and multivariate modeling of sexual behavior and demographic variables became common methods, the ability to process relatively large tables using process intensive SAS Procedures required more than our current desktop abilities provided. Using the SAS System on a Windows client remote submitting to a higher-end processor was the obvious solution. The mainframe was considered, but fluctuating queue times made real time processing values unpredictable. A SUN ES3000(R) enterprise system was purchased and dedicated to SAS application and high-end statistical processing. The LAN staff were challenged with providing a systems architecture solution that would best utilize current resources for Division programmers. The latest hardware and software technologies were evaluated by comparing real-time values for several distributed applications environments. Processing resources included a diverse LAN/WAN incorporating Windows 3.1, Windows 95 and NT workstations, a Windows NT Server and SQL server, a SUN ES3000 system, an IBM MVS mainframe and a Novell network file server. Emerging technologies researched included the new Scalable Performance Data Server (SPDS(R)), SUN UltraSPARC(R) 167MHz processors, pentium pro desktops and state-of-the-art network topology. This paper will discuss the analysis and decision process citing results and the final design decision. We will discuss our methodology and hopefully this information will be useful to other groups of varying needs and resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Humphrey, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 1425 EP 1430 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600240 ER PT B AU Mandel, MG Schwartz, RE Kinchen, SA AF Mandel, MG Schwartz, RE Kinchen, SA GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI An application of the Internet-based automated data management system (IADMS) for a multi-site public health project SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int AB In 1992, the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began a multi-center case-control study of breast Cancer risk factors, focusing especially on risks associated with use of oral contraceptives and other steroid hormones. Data collection for the study, which is already in progress, will last four years. the study isa collaboration between the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), CDC, five field sites, and a data management contractor. Initially, data processing relied on diskettes and mainframe tapes to transfer data among field sites, the data management contractor, and CDC. Data were loaded onto the CDC; mainframe and processed in a batch environment. The growth of the Internet and the availability of the SAS(R) System on a UNIX workstation led to a redesign of the data processing protocol acid development of the Internet-based Automated Data Management System (IADMS). File Transfer Protocol (FTP), cron scheduling, anti shell scripts detect and transfer incoming data to the analysis platform, run reports, and E-mail results to data managers. Using the IADMS eliminated several manual processing steps and automated project reporting,thereby improving data management and staff efficiency. Additionally, the new protocol and platform enable researchers to use advanced interactive analysis tools, such as SAS/INSIGHT(R). C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mandel, MG (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS K-21, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 1446 EP 1451 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600244 ER PT J AU Capoor, I Hopkins, D Kolbe, LJ Nyamwaya, DO Sanguor, K Ye, GJ AF Capoor, I Hopkins, D Kolbe, LJ Nyamwaya, DO Sanguor, K Ye, GJ CA WHO Expert Comm Comp Sch Hlth Educ Prom TI Promoting health through schools SO PROMOTING HEALTH THROUGH SCHOOLS SE WHO TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES LA English DT Review ID EDUCATION; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; PERSPECTIVE; INNOVATION; PERSONNEL; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Hlth Educ Training & Nutr Awareness, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Univ Cambridge, Inst Educ, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. African Med & Res Fdn, Dept Hlth Behavior & Educ, Nairobi, Kenya. Min Educ, Manama, Bahrain. Beijing Med Univ, Inst Child & Adolescent Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Capoor, I (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Educ Training & Nutr Awareness, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. NR 138 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 J9 WHO TECH REP SER PY 1997 VL 870 BP 1 EP 93 PG 93 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BK69Q UT WOS:000073109400001 ER PT J AU Ellenberg, SS Chen, RT AF Ellenberg, SS Chen, RT TI The complicated task of monitoring vaccine safety SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH; PRONE SLEEPING POSITION; PERTUSSIS IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; SYSTEM AB VACCINATION IS AN ESSENTIAL component of modern public health programs and is among our most cost-effective medical interventions. Yet despite vaccines' clear effectiveness in reducing risks of diseases that previously attacked large proportions of the population, caused many deaths, and left many people with permanent disabilities, current vaccination policies are not without controversy. Vaccines, like all other pharmaceutical products, are not entirely risk-free; while most known side effects are minor and self-limited, some vaccines have been associated with very rare but serious adverse effects. Because such rare effects are often not evident until vaccines come into widespread use, the Federal government maintains ongoing surveillance programs to monitor vaccine safety. The interpretation of data from such programs is complex and is associated with substantial uncertainty. A continual effort to monitor these data effectively and to develop more precise ways of assessing risks of vaccines is necessary to ensure public confidence public confidence in immunization programs. C1 US FDA,DIV BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,VACCINE SAFETY & DEV ACT EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 48 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 10 EP 20 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WD994 UT WOS:A1997WD99400018 PM 9018282 ER PT J AU Halverson, PK Mays, GP Miller, CA Kaluzny, AD Richards, TB AF Halverson, PK Mays, GP Miller, CA Kaluzny, AD Richards, TB TI Managed care and the public health challenge of TB SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB MANAGED CARE IS FAST becoming the dominant form of medical care. delivery and financing in the United States, yet its effects on public health practice remain largely unknown. Tuberculosis (TB) is a classic example of a disease with both public health and medical care implications, and as such it provides an opportunity for examining the impact on public health of the shift towards managed rare in-the medical marketplace. The authors approach the role of managed care in TB control by first considering the need for interorganizational coordination at the community level, The authors identify four basic models of how managed care organizations may fit into TB control efforts in local communities, using observations from 12 local public health jurisdictions to illustrate these models. These TB control models provide insight into the general mechanisms through which managed care organizations may affect other areas of public health practice. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,PUBL HLTH LEADERSHIP PROGRAM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CECIL G SHEPS CTR HLTH SERV RES,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Halverson, PK (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & ADM,CAMPUS BOX 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU PHSPO CDC HHS [SO38-11/13] NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WD994 UT WOS:A1997WD99400020 PM 9018283 ER PT J AU Snider, DE Stroup, DF AF Snider, DE Stroup, DF TI Defining research when it comes to public health SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INFORMED CONSENT; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Snider, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,MAILSTOP D-50,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WD994 UT WOS:A1997WD99400021 PM 9018284 ER PT J AU Oberle, MW Shapiro, CN Lanier, AP AF Oberle, MW Shapiro, CN Lanier, AP TI Preventing hepatitis B in people in close contact with hepatocellular carcinoma patients SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION AB Objective. To determine the prevalence of testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the clinical management of primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Methods. The authors reviewed the records of 78 patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma in hospitals in the Puget Sound area in 1988 and early 1989 and reviewed all 1990 U.S. death certificates on which primary liver cancer was listed. Results. The records of 50 (64%) of 78 hepatocellular carcinoma patients contained no evidence that the patient's hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) status had been determined. in addition, of 4353 people who died in 1990 for whom the diagnosis of primary liver cancer was listed on the death certificate, HBV infection was also listed for only 136 (3%), much less than expected based on case series. Conclusions. Many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are not tested for HBV infection, suggesting that their close contacts are also not evaluated for HBV infection and the need for vaccination. Hepatitis B vaccination of close personal contacts of HBV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma patients is an important strategy for preventing HBV transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK. RP Oberle, MW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAIL STOP K37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 63 EP 65 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WD994 UT WOS:A1997WD99400028 PM 9018291 ER PT J AU Carey, JW Oxtoby, MJ Nguyen, LP Huynh, V Morgan, M Jeffery, M AF Carey, JW Oxtoby, MJ Nguyen, LP Huynh, V Morgan, M Jeffery, M TI Tuberculosis beliefs among recent Vietnamese refugees in New York State SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Objective. To identify newly arrived Vietnamese refugees' beliefs about tuberculosis (TB) and TB education needs. Methods. In 1994, the New York State Health Department and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a survey of 51 newly arrived adult Vietnamese refugees in two New York counties. After being trained in interview methods, two bilingual researchers asked 32 open-ended questions on the causes of TB, TB treatment, and the disease's impact on work and social relationships. Results. Respondents correctly viewed TB as an infectious lung disease with symptoms such as cough, weakness, and weight loss. Hard manual labor, smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor nutrition were believed to be risk factors. Many respondents incorrectly believed that asymptomatic latent infection is not possible and that infection inevitably leads to disease. Nearly, all respondents anticipated that having tuberculosis would adversely impact their work family, and community activities and relationships. Conclusions. Targeted patient education is needed to address misconceptions about TB among Vietnamese refugees and to help ensure adherence to presribed treatment regimens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. PEACE CORPS,LESOTHO,SOUTH AFRICA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,ALBANY,CA. MOHAWK VALLEY RESOURCE CTR REFUGEES,UTICA,NY. REFUGEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM,JOHNSON CITY,TN. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 112 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WD994 UT WOS:A1997WD99400029 PM 9018292 ER PT J AU Mueller, PW Price, RG Porter, GA AF Mueller, PW Price, RG Porter, GA TI Proceedings of the joint US/EU workshop: Urinary biomarkers to detect significant effects of environmental and occupational exposure to nephrotoxins SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint US/European Union Workshop on Urinary Biomarkers to Detect Significant Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Nephrotoxins CY SEP 15-17, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA RP Mueller, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F50,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.3109/08860229709048687 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XR747 UT WOS:A1997XR74700001 PM 9276900 ER PT J AU Mueller, PW Lash, LH Price, RG Stolte, H Gelpi, E Maack, T Berndt, WO AF Mueller, PW Lash, LH Price, RG Stolte, H Gelpi, E Maack, T Berndt, WO TI Urinary biomarkers to detect significant effects of environmental and occupational exposure to nephrotoxins .1. Categories of tests for detecting effects of nephrotoxins SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint US/European Union Workshop on Urinary Biomarkers to Detect Significant Effects of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Nephrotoxins CY SEP 15-17, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA ID INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS; MARKERS; CADMIUM; FIBRONECTIN; LEAD RP Mueller, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F50,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 505 EP 521 DI 10.3109/08860229709048688 PG 17 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XR747 UT WOS:A1997XR74700002 PM 9276901 ER PT J AU Burkholder, BT AF Burkholder, BT TI Medical and health impact of complex emergencies: Implications for the international society of nephrology disaster relief task force SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Renal Aspects of Disaster Relief CY MAY 24-26, 1996 CL OHRID, MACEDONIA SP Macedonian Soc Nephrol, Dialysis, Transplant & Artificial Organs, Int Soc Nephrol, Commiss Acute Renal Failure, Natl Kidney Fdn, Council Dialysis ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; WAR RP Burkholder, BT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,IHPO,INT EMERGENCY & REFUGEE HLTH TEAM,MAILSTOP F-48,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 599 EP 605 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA XY812 UT WOS:A1997XY81200003 PM 9380878 ER PT J AU Nakao, H Mazurova, IK Glushkevich, T Popovic, T AF Nakao, H Mazurova, IK Glushkevich, T Popovic, T TI Analysis of heterogeneity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin gene, tox, and its regulatory element, dtxR, by direct sequencing SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diphtheria; toxin; Corynebacterium diphtheriae; DNA sequencing; tox; dtxR; mutations; Russia; Ukraine ID ACTIVE-SITE MUTATIONS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; BINDING; EXPRESSION; AFFINITY AB The largest diphtheria outbreak in the developed world since the 1960s is in progress in the Russian Federation. Seventy-two Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains from throughout Russia and the Ukraine, selected for temporal and geographic diversity, and 6 reference and control strains were assayed by DNA direct sequencing, and DNA sequences of their diphtheria toxin gene, fox and the regulatory dtxR gene, were compared to those of the Park-Williams no. 8 strain (PW8). Twenty-eight C. diphtheriae strains had entire fox sequences identical to that of the PW8 strain. Among the remaining 40 strains which were toxigenic, 4 point mutations were detected in the fox gene, one within the A and three within the B subunit gene. All four were silent mutations, indicating that diphtheria toxin is highly conserved at the amino acid sequence level; therefore, changes in the efficacy of the current vaccines would be unlikely to occur. Within the open reading frame of the regulatory dtxR gene, 35 point mutations were detected. Only 15 strains had entire dtxR sequences identical to that of the PW8 strain. Nine amino acid substitutions were found in the carboxyl half of dtxR: 22 and 25 strains differed from the PW8 strain in one and two amino acids, respectively. Given that naturally occurring variations of dtxR might be associated with increased diphtheria toxin production, studies to investigate the association of these point mutations and amino acid substitutions with quantified toxin production in the strains causing the current epidemic are under way. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GN GABRICHEVSKII EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL RES INST,DIPTHERIA REFERENCE LAB,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NATL SANITARY & EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE,UKRAINIAN CTR,KIEV,UKRAINE. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 148 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(97)81899-2 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC013 UT WOS:A1997WC01300006 PM 9404504 ER PT B AU Doll, LS AF Doll, LS BE Bancroft, J TI Sexual behavior research - Studying bisexual men and women and lesbians SO RESEARCHING SEXUAL BEHAVIOR: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES SE KINSEY INSTITUTE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of the Kinsey-Institute-for-Research-in-Sex-Gender-and-Reproduction CY APR 26-28, 1996 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, MD SP Kinsey Inst Res Sex Gender & Reprod HO INDIANA UNIV C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIANA UNIV PRESS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 601 NORTH MORTON STREET, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47404-3797 USA BN 0-253-33339-3 J9 KINSEY INST PY 1997 VL 5 BP 145 EP 158 PG 14 WC Social Issues; Psychology, Social; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology SC Social Issues; Psychology; Biomedical Social Sciences; Sociology GA BK87Q UT WOS:000073726600011 ER PT J AU Morata, TC Engel, T Durao, A Costa, TRS Krieg, EF Dunn, DE Lozano, MA AF Morata, TC Engel, T Durao, A Costa, TRS Krieg, EF Dunn, DE Lozano, MA TI Hearing loss from combined exposures among petroleum refinery workers SO SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Meeting of the American-Auditory-Society, at the 8th Annual Convention of the American-Academy-of-Audiology CY APR 21, 1996 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Amer Auditory Soc, Amer Acad Audiol DE benzene; cyclohexane; ethyl benzene; hearing; noise; solvent mixture; toluene; xylene ID METHYLATED BENZENE-DERIVATIVES; TERM COMBINED EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; OTONEUROLOGICAL FINDINGS; INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; VISUAL SYSTEMS; N-HEXANE; NOISE AB Workers from a refinery (n=438) were interviewed, had their hearing tested and had their exposures to noise and solvents assessed. Measurements suggested that most exposures to noise and solvents were within exposure limits recommended by international agencies; however, the prevalence for hearing loss within the exposed groups ranged from 42 to 50%, significantly exceeding the 15-30% prevalence observed for unexposed groups. The adjusted odds ratio estimates for hearing loss were 2.4 times greater for groups from aromatics and paraffins (95% CI 1.0-5.7), 3 times greater for the maintenance group (95% CI 1.3-6.9) and 1.8 times greater for the group from shipping (95% CI 0.6-4.9), when compared to unexposed workers from the warehouse and health clinic. The results of acoustic reflex decay tests suggest a retrocochlear or central auditory pathway involvement in the losses observed in certain job categories. These findings indicate that factors in addition to noise ought to be considered when investigating and preventing occupational hearing loss. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. USAF,MED GRP 78,SGP FA,ROBINS AFB,GA. WHO,PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA SAO PAULO,DEPT COMMUN DISORDERS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. COLSANITAS HLTH SERV,DEPT OCCUPAT HLTH,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0105-0397 J9 SCAND AUDIOL JI Scand. Audiol. PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 141 EP 149 DI 10.3109/01050399709074987 PG 9 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA XU324 UT WOS:A1997XU32400002 PM 9309809 ER PT J AU Dutra, WO Gollob, KJ PintoDias, JC Gazzinelli, G CorreaOliveira, R Coffman, RL CarvalhoParra, JF AF Dutra, WO Gollob, KJ PintoDias, JC Gazzinelli, G CorreaOliveira, R Coffman, RL CarvalhoParra, JF TI Cytokine mRNA profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; ANTIGENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERLEUKIN-10; LYMPHOCYTES; RESPONSES; CLONES AB Characterization of immunologic activities during chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi is critical for understanding the;dynamics of human Chagas' disease. Since cytokine production is mainly regulated by transcription and mRNA stability, quantitative RT-PCR analysis gives an accurate picture of the influences of disease on cytokine profile; Using RT-PCR, the authors analysed the levels of message expression for several cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) freshly isolated from chagasic patients (CP) and non-infected individuals (NI), and in in vitro-stimulated PBMC from CP. Ex vivo analysis showed that mean levels of expression of IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN gamma were dramatically increased in PBMC from CP, compared to NI. The levels of IL-2 and IL-4 were not significantly different between groups. Analysis of cytokine mRNA production after in vitro culture with parasite-derived antigens (EPI or TRP) or anti-epimastigote antibodies (Id) showed that these two classes of stimuli induced distinct cytokine responses. While EPI or TRP induced higher production of IFN gamma specific message and low IL-10, anti-Id cells produced higher levels of IL-10 and low IFN gamma. The simultaneous presence of antigenic and antibody stimulation in the host during the chronic phase of Chagas' disease could explain the existence of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cellular reactivity detected in most patients. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. NCID,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. DNAX RES INST MOL & CELLULAR BIOL INC,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RI Gollob, Kenneth/C-1341-2008 OI Gollob, Kenneth/0000-0003-4184-3867 NR 21 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-362.x PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WC207 UT WOS:A1997WC20700011 PM 9010503 ER PT J AU Jason, J Inge, KL Orloff, SL AF Jason, J Inge, KL Orloff, SL TI HIV antigens and T-cell receptor variable beta chain families SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; GLYCOPROTEIN GP160; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; GENE-PRODUCTS; SUPERANTIGEN; EXPRESSION; REPLICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; DISCORDANT AB The authors investigated whether the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has restrictive effects on the variable region of the beta chain (V beta) of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), by in vitro cultivation by non-HIV-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes with one of six HIV antigens or heat-inactivated whole virus (HIV-HI). Resting and blastic CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were assessed with 3-colour cytofluorometry and monoclonal antibodies to various V beta families/subfamilies. The V beta families affected include V-beta's 13.1/.3, 8, and 21 with gp120; V(beta)21 with gp160 and RT; V(beta)8 with p25; V-beta's 8 and 21 with Rev; and V-beta's 3 and 21 with HIV-2 Vpx. V beta family-specific effects with HIV-HI did not differ significantly from those found with IL-2 stimulation. Findings differed between CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. For CD4(+) lymphocytes, significant V beta-specific decreases were found, not the expansions found with superantigens or mitogens. CD8(+) lymphocytes showed slight but significant expansions. The effects on V-beta's 8, 13, and 21 are consistent with previous studies of HIV-infected persons. However, it is difficult to accept that antigens encoded by different HIV genetic regions cause proportionate diminutions of similar V beta families. The authors suggest that these effects may be secondary to changes in cytokine profiles rather than direct interactions with TCR V beta's. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CDC,IMMUNOL BRANCH,DASTLR,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0300-9475 J9 SCAND J IMMUNOL JI Scand. J. Immunol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-368.x PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WC207 UT WOS:A1997WC20700012 PM 9010504 ER PT J AU Berdal, BP Scheel, O Thomas, GN Black, CM Meidell, NK AF Berdal, BP Scheel, O Thomas, GN Black, CM Meidell, NK TI Epidemic patterns and carriage of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Norway SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Chlamydia Pheumoniae CY NOV 09-10, 1995 CL GAVLE, SWEDEN SP Roche Diagnost, Pfizer Sweden, Gavle Cent Hosp ID INFECTION; TWAR; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, in earlier days misdiagnosed as ornithosis, is very common in Norway. The disease develops slowly, a feature that may account for the very large number of subclinical cases, which may be seven fold more common than clinical cases. Subclinical cases produce an antibody response similar to that seen in overt clinical disease. Silent carriage of C. pneumoniae in healthy individuals may be frequent. Therapy based on positive cell culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the absence of pneumonic symptoms may be questionable. PCR has, however, given the slow development of disease, revealed itself as a handy epidemiological technique useful for the survey of healthy populations. C1 CHINESE UNIV HONG KONG,DEPT MICROBIOL,SHATIN 100083,NT,HONG KONG. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NORWEGIAN CANC HOSP,DEPT ANESTHESIOL & INTENS CARE,OSLO,NORWAY. RP Berdal, BP (reprint author), NORWEGIAN DEF MICROBIOL LAB,POB 4302,N-0401 OSLO,NORWAY. RI Thomas, G. Neil/A-1879-2013 OI Thomas, G. Neil/0000-0002-2777-1847 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 1997 SU 104 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA XP018 UT WOS:A1997XP01800007 ER PT J AU Agerton, TB Valway, SE Onorato, IM AF Agerton, TB Valway, SE Onorato, IM TI The epidemiology and control of tuberculosis in the United States SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE tuberculosis; surveillance; epidemiology ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTION; DRUG-USERS; OUTBREAK; AIDS AB After a dramatic increase in the incidence of tuberculosis from 1985 to 1992 due in part to the AIDS epidemic and an increase in immigration, the tuberculosis incidence rate and the number of cases reported in the United States has declined and continued through 1996., The reasons for this decline have been attributed to the increase in government funding for tuberculosis control efforts and treatment with directly observed therapy, Although the overall incidence has declined since 1992, 31 states and the District of Columbia reported in 1996 case rates greater than 3.5 per 100,000 population, which is the target for the year 2000. Along with the overall decline, the case rates remain high among minorities and in foreign-born persons, Also, several outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have occurred in some areas, In order to ensure containment of such outbreaks and to sustain the decline of tuberculosis in the United States, the control efforts must remain high priorities for public and private health agencies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 SN 1069-3424 J9 SEM RESP CRIT CARE M JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 5 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1009358 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA YL159 UT WOS:A1997YL15900003 ER PT J AU Feldman, G Srivastava, P Eden, E Frieden, TR AF Feldman, G Srivastava, P Eden, E Frieden, TR TI Detention until cure as a last resort: New York City's experience with involuntary in-hospital civil detention of persistently nonadherent tuberculosis patients SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE detention; New York City; tuberculosis ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION AB Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were civilly detained in a secured 29-bed unit in a long-term care facility in New York City between September 9, 1993, and September 9, 1994., All 46 detained patients were members of minority groups, more than 90% were substance abusers, nearly half had been perviously incarcerated, 70% had been homeless at some point prior to detention, and 54% were HIV infected, The median time from TB diagnosis to detention was 19 months (range 4 to 77). The median length of stay for all study patients was 186 days (range 44 to 654). Seventeen patients(37%) were admitted with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Thirty-seven patients (80%) completed treatment with only 1 reported relapse (median follow-up of 30 months, range I to 38 months), Two (4%) patients were persistently culture negative and still on treatment 42 months after the start of the study period, Six patients with MDR-TB died of AIDS during detention and a seventh died of tuberculosis, Eleven (24%) of the 46 patients completed treatment as outpatients. All patients achieved initial culture conversion to negative, Five (29.4%) of 17 patients with MDR-TB became culture positive again after initial culture conversion to negative despite treatment under detention; all 5 became culture negative once again with intensified treatment, but 1 of these 5 patients failed treatment yet again and died of TB, A sixth patient relapsed soon after treatment completion and died of AIDS and TB, These six patients were more likely to have advanced disease (P<0.04) and to have failed to achieve negative sputum cultures after 6 weeks of detention (P<0.03) than the patients with rifampin-resistant isolates who remained culture negative throughout treatment, No patient was lost to follow-up. C1 GOLDWATER MEM HOSP,ROOSEVELT ISL,NY. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Feldman, G (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,225 BROADWAY,NEW YORK,NY 10007, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 SN 1069-3424 J9 SEM RESP CRIT CARE M JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 5 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1055/s-2007-1009364 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA YL159 UT WOS:A1997YL15900009 ER PT J AU Knapp, JS Mesola, VP Neal, SW Wi, TE Tuazon, C Manalastas, R Perine, PL Whittington, WL AF Knapp, JS Mesola, VP Neal, SW Wi, TE Tuazon, C Manalastas, R Perine, PL Whittington, WL TI Molecular epidemiology, in 1944, of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Manila and Cebu City, Republic of the Philippines SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAINS; CIPROFLOXACIN; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; PLASMID AB Background and Objectives: Failure of gonococcal infections to respond to 500 mg of ciprofloxacin or 400 mg of ofloxacin has been reported from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Recently, high rates of decreased susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones have been detected in penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Republic of the Philippines. Goals: To assess the diversity of antimicrobial-resistant gonococcal strains isolated from female sex workers in Manila and Cebu City in the Republic of the Philippines in 1994. Study Design: Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from 92 female sex workers in Manila (n = 28) and Cebu City (n = 64), respectively, were characterized by plasmid profile, auxotype/serovar class, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Results: Plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin or tetracycline was identified in 79.3% (73/92) of the isolates: penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (65/92; 70.7%), tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (6/92; 6.5%), and penicillinase-producing/tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (1/92; 1.1%). A beta-lactamase plasmid of 3.9 megadaltons was discovered. Of 54.3% (50/92) of strains resistant to nalidixic acid, 84% (42/50) of strains had minimum inhibitory concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.125 mu g/ml ciprofloxacin; penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (possessing the 3.05-, 3.2-, 3.9-, and 4.4-megadalton beta-lactamase plasmids, respectively) accounted for 68% (34/50) of these strains. Conclusions: In the Republic of the Philippines, gonococcal isolates resistant to penicillin or tetracycline accounted for 85.9% (79/92) of the isolates examined and included strains exhibiting resistance to fluoroquinolones. All gonococcal infections should be treated with antimicrobial therapies known it be active against all gonococcal strains to reduce the spread of strains exhibiting decreased susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CEBU INST MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,CEBU,PHILIPPINES. UNIV PHILIPPINES,PHILIPPINE GEN HOSP,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. GEORGE WASHINGTON SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31448] NR 17 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1097/00007435-199701000-00002 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA WB805 UT WOS:A1997WB80500002 PM 9018776 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Deddens, JA AF Steenland, K Deddens, JA TI Effect of travel and rest on performance of professional basketball players SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE athletes; performance; circadian rhythms; travel; basketball ID JET-LAG AB We have studied 8,495 regular season games in the National Basketball Association over eight seasons (1987-1988 through 1994-1995) to analyze the effects of travel and rest on performance. We found that more time between games improved performance, an effect, that was constant over time and statistically significant. More than 1 day between games increased the home team's score by 1.1 points and the visitor's by 1.6 points. Peak performance occurred with 3 days between games. The negative effects of little time between games may be due to lack of time for physical recovery, rather than any effects of circadian rhythm (jet lag). We found few consistent effects of distance traveled or direction of travel. We did find a suggestion of circadian rhythm effects in a subanalysis of games on either coast in which the visitor traveled across the country, while the home team did not travel (n = 101). In these games, the visiting team did four points better (p = 0.07) when they traveled west to east rather than east to west, almost nullifying the home-court advantage. This effect, like similar findings for Monday Night Football games, may be due to West Coast visitors playing night games at an earlier time according to their ''internal clock'', An incidental finding in our study was that the home-court advantage decreased over 8 years, from about six points to three paints (due to relatively lower field-goal percentages and fewer free throws by the home team). C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT MATH,CINCINNATI,OH. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 4 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 9 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 1610 14TH STREET NW SUITE 300, ROCHESTER, MN 55806 SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 1997 VL 20 IS 5 BP 366 EP 369 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA XN933 UT WOS:A1997XN93300008 PM 9381060 ER PT B AU Kroger, F McKenna, JW Shepherd, M Howze, EH Knight, DS AF Kroger, F McKenna, JW Shepherd, M Howze, EH Knight, DS BE Goldberg, ME Fishbein, M Middlestadt, SE TI Marketing public health: The CDC experience SO SOCIAL MARKETING: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVES SE ADVERTISING AND CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Role of Advertising in Social Marketing Conference CY MAY 17-19, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CDC AB In 1992, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) adopted a 5-year plan to make health communications an integral component of all its programs to promote health, foster healthful environments, and improve the quality of life. This chapter presents a sampler of current CDC activities that employ marketing strategies for making health communications more effective. These activities, as presented at the 1995 Society for Consumer Psychology Conference, include programs to reduce tobacco consumption, promote HIV prevention behaviors, improve nutrition and physical activity, increase use of health information services, and improve public understanding about essential public health services. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 BN 0-8058-2499-5 J9 ADVERT CONS PY 1997 BP 267 EP 289 PG 23 WC Business SC Business & Economics GA BH90S UT WOS:A1997BH90S00016 ER PT J AU Crawford, CAG Hergert, GW AF Crawford, CAG Hergert, GW TI Incorporating spatial trends and anisotropy in geostatistical mapping of soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; VARIOGRAM MODELS; COVARIANCE AB The spatial variation in soil parameters often differs with direction. These differences may occur naturally or may be due to management practices. Regardless of their origin, they present a challenge in geostatistical mapping of soil parameters. Recommendations pertaining to the selection of an appropriate geostatistical method based on the current literature are often incomplete or contradictory. The purpose of this investigation was to provide a unified description, comparison, and discussion of different geostatistical methods for handling trend and anisotropy that may be present in measured soil properties. Soil organic matter content of the 0- to 20-cm depth from a field in continuous ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) was used to compare five geostatistical methods: ordinary kriging with an isotropic semivariogram (OKA); ordinary kriging with an anisotropic semivariogram (OKA); ordinary kriging within local neighborhoods (OKN); universal kriging (UK); and median polish kriging (MPK). Organic matter maps produced from the five methods showed similar large-scale features but marked differences in the finer features. A comparison of percentage of total area in each organic matter range among mapping methods also showed strong similarities; however, the proportion of the field assigned to each range differed by as much as 7%. Larger differences would be expected at large sample spacing. Although the five methods produced similar maps, selection of the ''best'' technique should be based on selection of an associated model that best accounts for and describes the nature of the cause of the variation. C1 DEPT AGRON,W CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,N PLATTE,NE 69101. RP Crawford, CAG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MS E62,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 298 EP 309 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WH680 UT WOS:A1997WH68000043 ER PT J AU Scheuer, PJ Krawczynski, K Dhillon, AP AF Scheuer, PJ Krawczynski, K Dhillon, AP TI Histopathology and detection of hepatitis C virus in liver SO SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION; INTERFERON TREATMENT; EPITHELIOID GRANULOMAS; INFECTED-CELLS; FOLLOW-UP C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EXPT PATHOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Scheuer, PJ (reprint author), ROYAL FREE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,POND ST,LONDON NW3 2QG,ENGLAND. RI Dhillon, Amar/C-5619-2009 NR 119 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0344-4325 J9 SPRINGER SEMIN IMMUN JI Springer Semin. Immunopathol. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 27 EP 45 DI 10.1007/BF00945023 PG 19 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA XL682 UT WOS:A1997XL68200003 PM 9266629 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ AF Smith, PJ TI Power and sample size considerations for detecting deviations from secular trends in surveillance surveys SO STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE active surveillance; age-period-cohort model; changepoint; generalized linear model; non-central chi(2) ID PERIOD-COHORT ANALYSIS; AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; CANCER RATES; MODELS; TESTS; TIME AB On-going public health surveillance is essential to the detection and monitoring of epidemics. We present statistical methods for determining the sample size that is required to detect unacceptable deviations from existing secular trends in prevalence with specified power. Between 1958 and 1969, a large study was conducted for providing surveillance of the prevalence of infection for a well-known disease. Data from this study indicated that the prevalence of infection in the mid-1960s increased significantly over previous secular trends among important demographic groups tested These data are used to illustrate the statistical methods that we propose for detecting departures from existing temporal trends, estimating the year in which the changepoint occurred and specifying sample sizes for on-going active surveillance studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT E37,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0039-0526 J9 STATISTICIAN JI Statistician PY 1997 VL 46 IS 3 BP 423 EP 432 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA XZ151 UT WOS:A1997XZ15100011 ER PT J AU Herbert, V Jayatilleke, E Shaw, S Rosman, AS Giardina, P AF Herbert, V Jayatilleke, E Shaw, S Rosman, AS Giardina, P TI Serum ferritin iron, a new test, measures human body iron stores unconfounded by inflammation SO STEM CELLS LA English DT Article DE ferritin iron; iron stores; inflammation; hemochromatosis; iron overload ID RISK; HOLOFERRITIN; POPULATION AB Serum ferritin protein is an acute phase reactant, We hypothesized that serum ferritin protein generated in response to an inflammatory process would have much less iron (Fe) in it than would ''normal'' ferritin protein, and therefore measuring serum ferritin iron would assess human body iron status unconfounded by inflammation. Basic Methods. We measured serum ferritin iron in 140 clinical samples obtained from the serum banks of Bronx VA Medical Center Hematology and Nutrition Laboratory (Bronx, NY), the CDC Nutritional Biochemistry serum sample bank (Atlanta, GA), and the sample bank from patients with thalassemia and iron overload treated at New York Hospital (New York, NY), Each was analyzed for three conventional criteria of iron status: serum iron, percentage of transferrin saturation and ferritin protein. In addition, tests for inflammation were also performed: C-reactive protein, WBC and transaminases, Seventy-seven patients' sera from 140 screened met each of three consistent criteria for stages of iron status. Serum ferritin was immobilized by immunoprecipitation with rabbit antihuman polyclonal antibody bound to agarose and separated from other iron-containing proteins, digested with 0.2 mi of 3N nitric acid and analyzed for iron content by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results. Serum ferritin iron ranged in normal controls from 10 ng to 35 ng Fe/ml. The patients with iron deficiency (4/4) and those in negative iron balance (5/6) had values less than or equal to 10 ng, Positive iron balance (8/9) and iron overload (22/22) values were >35 ng/ml, in contrast to 11/19 with inflammation, Seventeen of twenty-two with overload had values >100 ng/ml while only 1/19 with inflammation had such a value, Ferritin iron in ferritin protein was >15% by weight in 14/22 with iron overload but in 0/19 with inflammation, Implications of the Work. Serum ferritin iron is a simple, direct measure of iron stores that we propose, in conjunction with measuring serum ferritin protein, as a minimally invasive screening procedure for accurately assessing the whole range of human body iron status, unconfounded by inflammation. C1 MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY. VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,BRONX,NY 10468. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CTR DIS CONTROL,NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU ALPHAMED PRESS PI DAYTON PA 4100 S KETTERING BLVD, DAYTON, OH 45439-2092 SN 1066-5099 J9 STEM CELLS JI Stem Cells PY 1997 VL 15 IS 4 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Hematology SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Oncology; Hematology GA XM463 UT WOS:A1997XM46300006 PM 9253113 ER PT S AU Facklam, R AF Facklam, R BE Horaud, T Bouvet, A Leclercq, R deMontclos, H Sicard, M TI Taxonomy and epidemiology - Molecular approaches: An opening lecture SO STREPTOCOCCI AND THE HOST SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIII Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases CY SEP 16-20, 1996 CL INST PASTEUR, PARIS, FRANCE SP Inst Pasteur, Abbott Labs, Assoc Enseignement Odontol & Stomatol, bioMerieux, Bristol Meyers Squibb Co, CNRS, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Fdn Marcel Merieux, GenProbe, Grp Danone, Inst Sci Roussel, Int Lancefield Soc, Int Sci Fdn, Pasteur Merieux MSD, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Rhone Poulene Rorer, Ctr Rech Vitry Alfortville, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Bellon, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Specia, France, Sanofi Diagnost Pasteur, France, SmithKline Beecham Labs Pharm, France, Wyeth Ayerst, Lederle Int, US, Yamanouchi Pharm, Japan HO INST PASTEUR ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; STRAINS RP Facklam, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, STREPTOCOCCUS LAB, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45603-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 418 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BJ94C UT WOS:A1997BJ94C00073 PM 9331657 ER PT S AU Beall, B Facklam, R Hoenes, T Schwartz, B AF Beall, B Facklam, R Hoenes, T Schwartz, B BE Horaud, T Bouvet, A Leclercq, R deMontclos, H Sicard, M TI Application of emm gene sequencing and T antigen serology for typing group A streptococcal systemic isolates - Survey of random and outbreak-related isolates SO STREPTOCOCCI AND THE HOST SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIII Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases CY SEP 16-20, 1996 CL INST PASTEUR, PARIS, FRANCE SP Inst Pasteur, Abbott Labs, Assoc Enseignement Odontol & Stomatol, bioMerieux, Bristol Meyers Squibb Co, CNRS, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Fdn Marcel Merieux, GenProbe, Grp Danone, Inst Sci Roussel, Int Lancefield Soc, Int Sci Fdn, Pasteur Merieux MSD, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Rhone Poulene Rorer, Ctr Rech Vitry Alfortville, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Bellon, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Specia, France, Sanofi Diagnost Pasteur, France, SmithKline Beecham Labs Pharm, France, Wyeth Ayerst, Lederle Int, US, Yamanouchi Pharm, Japan HO INST PASTEUR RP Beall, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45603-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 418 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BJ94C UT WOS:A1997BJ94C00074 PM 9331658 ER PT S AU Facklam, R Beall, B AF Facklam, R Beall, B BE Horaud, T Bouvet, A Leclercq, R deMontclos, H Sicard, M TI Anomalies in emm typing of group A streptococci SO STREPTOCOCCI AND THE HOST SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIII Lancefield International Symposium on Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases CY SEP 16-20, 1996 CL INST PASTEUR, PARIS, FRANCE SP Inst Pasteur, Abbott Labs, Assoc Enseignement Odontol & Stomatol, bioMerieux, Bristol Meyers Squibb Co, CNRS, Federat European Microbiol Soc, Fdn Marcel Merieux, GenProbe, Grp Danone, Inst Sci Roussel, Int Lancefield Soc, Int Sci Fdn, Pasteur Merieux MSD, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Rhone Poulenc Rorer, Rhone Poulene Rorer, Ctr Rech Vitry Alfortville, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Bellon, France, Rhone Poulenc Rorer Specia, France, Sanofi Diagnost Pasteur, France, SmithKline Beecham Labs Pharm, France, Wyeth Ayerst, Lederle Int, US, Yamanouchi Pharm, Japan HO INST PASTEUR ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI RP Facklam, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-45603-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1997 VL 418 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology GA BJ94C UT WOS:A1997BJ94C00080 PM 9331664 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Gerthoux, PM Patterson, DG Brambilla, P Turner, WE Beretta, C Pirkle, JL Colombo, L Sampson, EJ Tramacere, PL Signorini, S Meazza, L Carreri, V Jackson, RJ Mocarelli, P AF Needham, LL Gerthoux, PM Patterson, DG Brambilla, P Turner, WE Beretta, C Pirkle, JL Colombo, L Sampson, EJ Tramacere, PL Signorini, S Meazza, L Carreri, V Jackson, RJ Mocarelli, P TI Serum dioxin levels in Seveso, Italy, population in 1976 SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bundesinstitute-fur-Gesundheitlichen-Verbraucherschutz-und-Veterinarmedi zin Symposium CY JUN 17, 1996 CL FREE UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Bundesinst Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz & Veterinarmed HO FREE UNIV BERLIN DE Seveso; dioxins; serum; chloracne; exposure assessment; cancer; sex ratio ID TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN; CONTAMINATION; CHLORACNE; SAMPLES; HUMANS AB On July 10, 1976, an explosion at a chemical plant near Seveso, Italy, released a mixture of chemicals, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. As a result, several thousand people in the Seveso area may have been exposed to those chemicals. At that time, human exposure assessment was based primarily on soil levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Medical examinations of this potentially exposed population and control subjects were begun in 1976 and in some cases continued until 1985. In 1988, we began assessing human exposure in this population by measuring 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in small volumes of serum specimens remaining from the medical examinations. As expected, we found that the median serum dioxin levels were highest among people who lived closest to the explosion and were progressively lower among groups living farther away. These measurements have allowed us to assess exposure more accurately among individuals in this population and to relate exposure to various health effects. We found that some individuals in the exposed population had among the highest serum dioxin levels ever reported, yet chloracne was the only unequivocal effect found; cancer risks are still being investigated. We also found that other individuals with as high or higher serum dioxin levels did not develop chloracne. We also found that the serum half-life of dioxin in this population was 7-8 years, which agrees with other findings although we do report some differences in the serum half-life of TCDD for women and children. We also observed an increase in the percentage of female new-borns to parents who resided in Zone A at the time of the explosion, and we also report on the 1976 serum dioxin levels in people who later developed cancer. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Milan, Hosp Desio, Dept Clin Pathol, Milan, Italy. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 24 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4-5 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1997)17:4/5<225::AID-TCM5>3.0.CO;2-K PG 16 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YV018 UT WOS:000071780700005 PM 9508732 ER PT J AU Sweeney, MH Calvert, GM Egeland, GA Fingerhut, MA Halperin, WE Piacitelli, LA AF Sweeney, MH Calvert, GM Egeland, GA Fingerhut, MA Halperin, WE Piacitelli, LA TI Review and update of the results of the NIOSH medical study of workers exposed to chemicals contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bundesinstitute-fur-Gesundheitlichen-Verbraucherschutz-und-Veterinarmedi zin Symposium CY JUN 17, 1996 CL FREE UNIV BERLIN, BERLIN, GERMANY SP Bundesinst Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz & Veterinarmed HO FREE UNIV BERLIN DE dioxin; lipids; serum glucose; male reproductive hormones; NIOSH study ID 2,3,7,8-TCDD; DIOXIN; TCDD AB In 1987, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted a cross-sectional medical study to examine the long-term health effects of occupational exposure to chemicals and materials contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). This study compared living workers employed more than 15 years earlier in the production of sodium trichlorophenol (NaTCP), and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic ester (2,4,5-T ester) with an unexposed comparison group. Health status of the worker and comparison populations was collected through a comprehensive set of standardized interviews and medical examinations. Lipid adjusted serum TCDD levels were also measured. Workers had a statistically significantly elevated mean serum lipid-adjusted TCDD level (workers = 220 pg per g of lipid [range = not detected-3,400 pg per g of lipid], and referents 7 pg per g of lipid [range not detected-20 pg per g of lipid], P < 0.001). Compared to a community-based referent population, the prevalence of chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral neuropathy, depression, cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and abnormal peripheral arterial flow), abnormal porphyrin levels, and abnormal ventilatory function parameters FEV1.0, FVC, or FEV1.0/FVC% in workers, was not statistically significantly different. In contrast, relationships were observed between serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels and the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), the reproductive hormones serum testosterone, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating hormones, and abnormal high-density lipoprotein concentration, counts of CD3/Ta1 cells (helper lymphocytes), and fasting serum glucose levels. Current diagnosis of chloracne was associated with the highest levels of serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Analysis of other endpoints continues. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Document Dev Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. State Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Sweeney, MH (reprint author), NIOSH, Document Dev Branch, Mailstop C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 4-5 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1997)17:4/5<241::AID-TCM6>3.0.CO;2-I PG 7 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YV018 UT WOS:000071780700006 PM 9508733 ER PT J AU Burg, JAR Allred, SL Sapp, JH AF Burg, JAR Allred, SL Sapp, JH TI The potential for bias due to attrition in the national exposure registry: An examination of reasons for nonresponse, nonrespondent characteristics, and the response rate SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE attrition; longitudinal survey; registry; response rates ID RESPONDENTS AB This study examined attrition in the Trichloroethylene (TCE) Subregistry of the National Exposure Registry (NER). The analyses focused on 3915 persons exposed to the chemical TCE through the drinking water in their home. Baseline data were compared for subgroups of the TCE Subregistry members who were eligible to participate in the first TCE Subregistry follow-up. Study members were grouped according to their participation status in the first follow-up: remainers (n = 3494) and losses (n = 421), and three subgroups of losses: refusals, unable to locate, and unable to contact. The comparison of demographic variables of remainers and losses revealed that remainers had a higher percent of females, currently smoked less, were older, and fewer had no education and more had education beyond high school. These differences occurred for the losses subgroups unable to locate and unable to contact, however not for refusals. The comparison of reporting rates of remainers and losses for 23 health outcomes revealed statistically significant decreases by losses for five health conditions but the pattern of statistically significant differences for the losses subgroups was not clear-cut. Altogether the analyses indicated that the potential for bias due to attrition was minimal. C1 KENNESAW STATE UNIV, DEPT POLIT SCI & INT AFFAIRS, KENNESAW, GA USA. RP Burg, JAR (reprint author), AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY, EXPOSURE & DIS REGISTRY BRANCH, DIV HLTH STUDIES, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA WR591 UT WOS:A1997WR59100001 PM 9098946 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM Farooqui, MYH CannonCooke, EP Ahmed, AE AF Mumtaz, MM Farooqui, MYH CannonCooke, EP Ahmed, AE TI Propionitrile: Whole body autoradiography, conventional toxicokinetic and metabolism studies in rats SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE pharmacokinetics; propionitrile; whole body autoradiography ID ACRYLONITRILE; N,N'-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPIONITRILE; PATHOGENESIS; MECHANISM; INVITRO; INVIVO AB The toxicokinetics, covalent binding and metabolism of propionitrile (PCN) was investigated in female Spr-ague-Dawley rats. For toxicokinetic studies a tracer dose of 100 mu Ci/Kg (11.8 mu mol/Kg) [2-C-14] PCN was injected i.v. and selected animals were sacrificed 1, 8, and 24 h post administration. Within an hour of administration peak concentration of PCN-derived radioactivity was detected in duodenum, kidney, lung, large intestine, plasma, red blood cells, stomach, heart, and brain. The treated animals excreted about 5.3% of the dose in 24 h, with approximately equal amounts in the expired air and the urine with traces in the feces. Presence of PCN-derived radioactivity up to 24 hours in the gastrointestinal tract suggests an enterohepatic recirculation of PCN and/or its metabolites. The subcellular fractions of liver duodenum and brain showed significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) accumulation of PCN-derived radioactivity. Nuclear fraction accumulated the highest amount of radioactivity in the liver, duodenum and brain. The data indicate that PCN is readily distributed in the rat, it is metabolized to cyanide via the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase system and that the direct interaction of PCN and/or its metabolites with duodenal tissues appears to be the first step in the expression of its overall toxicity This report also shows that for limited chemicals, whole body autoradiography combined with computer-aided imaging techniques, provides a powerful approach to preliminarily evaluate the toxicokinetic behavior of xenobiotics very quickly. C1 UNIV TEXAS, MED BRANCH, DEPT PATHOL, GALVESTON, TX 77550 USA. AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY, DIV TOXICOL, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV TEXAS PAN AMER, DEPT BIOL, EDINBURG, TX USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES01871] NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA WR591 UT WOS:A1997WR59100003 PM 9098948 ER PT J AU Maisonet, M Bove, FJ Kaye, WE AF Maisonet, M Bove, FJ Kaye, WE TI A case-control study to determine risk factors for elevated blood lead levels in children, Idaho SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE child; environmental exposure; lead poisoning; soil ID ABATEMENT AB Objective: A pair-matched, case-control study was conducted to identify if risk factors or behaviors suspected to affect childhood blood lead levels, were more prevalent among children with elevated blood lend levels living in the vicinity of a defunct mining and smelting facility. Methods: Study individuals were recruited from the 1992 Silver Valley blood lead screening participants. The cases were children with a blood lead level >10 micrograms per deciliter (mu g/dL). The controls were children with a blood lead level <10 mu g/dL, who were marched to cases by age and sex. Data on risk factors were obtained through personal interviews. Results: Of the variables examined, yard soil remediation showed the strongest association with changes in blood lead levels. This variable was found to be a protective factor for elevated blood lead levels in children (odds ratio, 0.28; confidence interval, 0.08-0.92). Conclusion: The results suggest that removal of lead contaminated soil from residential yards was effective in reducing blood lend levels in children. RP Maisonet, M (reprint author), AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Maisonet, Mildred/0000-0003-3561-2632 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA WR591 UT WOS:A1997WR59100006 PM 9098951 ER PT J AU Kanitz, MH Li, EI Schulte, PA Anderson, NL AF Kanitz, MH Li, EI Schulte, PA Anderson, NL TI Investigation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profile following exposure of T24 bladder carcinoma cells to tumor promoter and carcinogen SO TOXICOLOGY METHODS LA English DT Article DE biomarker; bladder carcinogenesis; occupational exposure; ODC; 2D PAGE ID GENE-EXPRESSION; URINARY-BLADDER; CANCER; RAT; INHIBITION; ADENOMAS; SMOKING; GROWTH; MUCOSA; MICE AB To develop appropriate screening tools for biomarkers of effects of exposure to occupational chemical insult. Changes were investigated in T24 human bladder carcinoma cell ornithine decarboxylase activity and protein profiles by quantitative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE), biochemical events potentially altered by an established human bladder carcinogen and tumor promoter. A unique chromatographic approach was used to demonstrate that in vitro exposure of T24 cells for 6 h to varying concentrations of the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl elevates enzyme activity 5.3- to 5.9-fold. As a second method to identify potential biomarkers of exposure, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the protein pattern of vehicle control-treated T24 to 4-aminobiphenyl or tumor promoter (12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-treated cells. Changes in abundance and modification of proteins are determined using the Kepler software package to analyze and compare gels across treatment groups. With this technology, protein markers are identified by significant alterations in spot density (mean ratio of Coomassie Blue intensity; p <.001, Student's t test) following T24 treatment with the carcinogen or the tumor promoter. Fifteen protein spots from a detectable pool of 542 demonstrate two-fold or greater changes in intensity. The results illustrate the potential of automated two-dimensional gel analysis for classifying different gel patterns, an approach that can be applied to patterns whose differences are obscured by the minor changes in spot intensity that arise between separate cell cultures. In addition to the ornithine decarboxylase assay, 2D PAGE offers much promise to evaluate potential biomarkers for occupational and environmental carcinogens. These results will be used to further develop NIOSH efforts in the molecular epidemiology of occupational bladder carcinogenesis. C1 LARGE SCALE BIOL CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Kanitz, MH (reprint author), NIOSH,TAFT LABS,MS-C-23,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 1051-7235 J9 TOXICOL METHOD JI Toxicol. Method. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA XC193 UT WOS:A1997XC19300004 ER PT J AU McGlashan, ND Frean, JA Harington, JS McGlashan, HI Larsen, SA AF McGlashan, ND Frean, JA Harington, JS McGlashan, HI Larsen, SA TI Mseleni joint disease: Not a borreliosis SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Mseleni joint disease; aetiology C1 S AFRICAN INST MED RES,ZA-2000 JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV WITWATERSRAND,DEPT ZOOL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TREPONEMAL PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNOBIOL BRANCH,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. RP McGlashan, ND (reprint author), UNIV TASMANIA,DEPT GEOG,GPO BOX 252C,HOBART,TAS 7001,AUSTRALIA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 91 IS 1 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90388-6 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WL586 UT WOS:A1997WL58600014 PM 9093626 ER PT J AU Noroes, J Dreyer, G Santos, A Mendes, VG Medeiros, Z Addiss, D AF Noroes, J Dreyer, G Santos, A Mendes, VG Medeiros, Z Addiss, D TI Assessment of the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine on adult Wuchereria bancrofti in vivo SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; chemotherapy; diethylcarbamazine; macrofilaricidal effect; ultrasound ID HIGH-DOSE IVERMECTIN; FILARIASIS; MICROFILAREMIA; CITRATE; RECIFE; BRAZIL AB To assess directly the effect of various doses of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) on adult Wuchereria bancrofti, 31 infected men were randomly assigned to receive an initial single DEC dose of 1 mg/kg (n=7), 6 mg/kg (n=10), or 12 mg/kg (n=14). Beginning 7 d later, the dosage of DEC and duration of treatment were progressively increased for 7-10 weeks. Physical examinations were performed to detect scrotal nodules and the scrotal area was examined by ultrasound (7.5 MHz transducer) to monitor the 'filaria dance sign' (FDS), the characteristic pattern of adult worm movement. Of 53 adult worm 'nests' that were detected by ultrasound, 22 (41.5%) were DEC-sensitive (FDS became non-detectable and a nodule became palpable at the site); 20 (37.7%) were not sensitive (FDS remained unchanged and detectable and no nodule developed), and 11 (20.8%) showed mixed responses (FDS remained detectable but a palpable nodule developed). All but one sensitive or mixed response occurred within 1 week after the initial single dose. Of 39 'nests' in men who initially received a single 6 or 12 mg/kg dose of DEC, 20 (51.3%) had sensitive responses compared to 2 (14.3%) of 14 'nests' in men who received a single 1 mg/kg dose (P=0.04). Above 6 mg/kg, the macrofilaricidal effect of DEC did not increase with dose a significant proportion of adult W. bancrofti were nor susceptible to DEC during the study period. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS AGGEU MAGALHAES,DEPT PARASITOL,BR-52020200 RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. UNIV FED PERNAMBUCO,HOSP CLIN,UROL SERV,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 20 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 91 IS 1 BP 78 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(97)90405-3 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WL586 UT WOS:A1997WL58600026 PM 9093637 ER PT J AU Quinn, FD Newman, GW King, CH AF Quinn, FD Newman, GW King, CH TI In search of virulence factors of human bacterial disease SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; DEGENERATE PRIMERS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; DIFFERENTIAL DISPLAY; IRON ACQUISITION; MESSENGER-RNA; GENES; CLONING AB Traditional genetic techniques and a variety of animal and tissue-culture model systems have sustained the study of bacterial virulence mechanisms for several decades. However, the recent application of newly developed molecular and cellular techniques has brought our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis to new heights by permitting the identification and analysis of previously unknown constitutively and differentially expressed virulence-associated factors. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 20 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)81770-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA WE728 UT WOS:A1997WE72800012 PM 9025231 ER PT J AU Dale, JW Tang, TH Wall, S Zainuddin, ZF Plikaytis, B AF Dale, JW Tang, TH Wall, S Zainuddin, ZF Plikaytis, B TI Conservation of IS6110 sequence in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with single and multiple copies SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INSERTION-SEQUENCE; IS986; ELEMENTS; HYBRIDIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; COMPLEX; FAMILY; BCG AB The insertion sequence IS6110/IS986 is used extensively for detecting and typing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to appreciate the evolutionary and epidemiological significance of differences in the fingerprint pattern, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing transposition frequency. Although most strains have many copies of this element, some have only one or two copies; it has been suggested that this apparent transpositional defect arises from the minor differences in the sequence of the element from different strains. In contrast, we have found that the sequence is identical in high and low copy number strains, indicating that external factors, such as the presence of adjacent promoters, must be responsible for differences in copy number. C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Biol Sci, Mol Microbiol Grp, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Univ Sains Malaysia, Dept Med & Mol Parasitol, Sch Med Sci, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dale, JW (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Biol Sci, Mol Microbiol Grp, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. RI Tang, Thean-Hock/E-1307-2012 OI Tang, Thean-Hock/0000-0001-7652-7923 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PY 1997 VL 78 IS 5-6 BP 225 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0962-8479(97)90002-2 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 107JY UT WOS:000075205700003 PM 10209676 ER PT J AU Reed, RC Verhuel, AF Hunter, RL Udhayakumar, V LouisWileman, V Jennings, VJ Jue, DL Wohlhueter, RM Lal, AA AF Reed, RC Verhuel, AF Hunter, RL Udhayakumar, V LouisWileman, V Jennings, VJ Jue, DL Wohlhueter, RM Lal, AA TI Rapid onset of malaria-induced mortality by immunizations with lipo-peptides: An experimental model to study deleterious immune responses and immunopathology in malaria SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE malaria; rodent; immunopathology; vaccine ID PLASMODIUM-BERGHEI; ANTIBODY ISOTYPE; INDUCTION; EPITOPES; PROTEIN; HYPERSENSITIVITY; MODULATION; ADJUVANTS; ANTIGENS; VACCINE AB We have recently shown that circumsporozoite (CS) protein-based cytotoxic T-cell epitope of Plasmodium berghei coupled to monopalmitic and tripalmitic acid was able to induce cytotoxic T-cell responses. In the present study, we investigated whether lipopeptide derivatized CS protein B and T helper epitopes in different combinations will be able to induce protective immune responses against sporozite challenge. Several P. berghei CS peptides with monopalmitic fatty acid tails were prepared, suspended in an oil-in-water with monopalmitic fatty acid tails were prepared, suspended in an oil-in-water emulsion, and used to immunize and boost female A/J mice. The mice were challenged iv. with viable sporozoites of P. berghei (ANKA) two weeks after the last immunization. While immunization with some of these vaccine formulations induced protective immune responses, others shifted the typical bimodal pattern of P. berghei sporozoite induced death toward a rapid onset of death in a peptide specific manner. Therefore, demonstration that immunization with formulations of malarial peptides can cause enhanced malaria-related death provides an experimental model to delineate characteristics of deleterious immune responses. Copyright (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,USDPHHS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI 31064-01A 1] NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JAN PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(96)00103-X PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA WF984 UT WOS:A1997WF98400012 PM 9041668 ER PT S AU Peters, CJ AF Peters, CJ BE Brown, F Burton, D Doherty, P Mekalanos, J Norrby, E TI Emergence of viral hemorrhagic fevers: Genetic sequences and social sequences SO VACCINES 97 - MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES SE VACCINES (COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting on Modern Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY SP Pharmacia LKB Biotechnol, Alza Corp, Amgen Inc, BASF Biores Corp, Becton Dickinson & Co, Boehringer Mannheim Corp, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Chiron Corp, Chugai Res Inst Molec Med Inc, Diagnost Prod Corp, DuPont Merck Pharm Co, Forest Labs Inc, Genentech Inc, Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc, Hoffman La Roche Inc, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Life Technol Inc, Eli Lilly & Co, Merck Genome Res InstOncogene Sci Inc, Pall Corp, Perkin Elmer Corp, Appl Biosyst Div, Pfizer Inc, Pharmacia & Upjohn Inc, Research Genet Inc, Sandoz Res Inst, Schering Plough Corp, Sumitomo Pharm Co Ltd, Wyeth Ayerst Res, Zeneca Grp PLC, Amer Cyanamid Co, Kirin Brewery, Monsanto Co, Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Westvaco Corp HO COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB RP Peters, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 10 SKYLINE DRIVE, PLAINVIEW, NY 11803-2500 SN 0899-4056 BN 0-87969-516-1 J9 VACCINES PY 1997 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Virology GA BH99A UT WOS:A1997BH99A00014 ER PT J AU Rideout, BA Gardiner, CH Stalis, IH Zuba, JR Hadfield, T Visvesvara, GS AF Rideout, BA Gardiner, CH Stalis, IH Zuba, JR Hadfield, T Visvesvara, GS TI Fatal infections with Balamuthia mandrillaris (a free-living amoeba) in gorillas and other Old World primates SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amoebas; animal diseases; Balamuthia mandrillaris; brain pathology; colobus monkeys; gibbons; Gorilla gorilla; mandrills; meningoencephalitis; primates ID AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA; AIDS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT AB Balamuthia mandrillaris is a newly described free-living amoeba capable of causing fatal meningoencephalitis in humans and animals. Because the number of human cases is rapidly increasing, this infection is now considered an important emerging disease by the medical community. A retrospective review of the pathology database for the Zoological Society of San Diego (the San Diego Zoo and San Diego Wild Animal Park) for the period July 1965 through December 1994 revealed five cases of amoebic meningoencephalitis, all in Old World primates. The infected animals were a 3-year, 10-month-old female mandrill (Papio sphinx), from which the original isolation of B. mandrillaris was made, a 5-year-old male white-cheeked gibbon (Hylobates concolor leucogenys), a 1-year-old female western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), a 13-year, 5-month-old male western lowland gorilla, and a 6-year-old female Kikuyu colobus monkey (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis). Two different disease patterns were identified: the gibbon, mandrill, and 1-year-old gorilla had an acute to subacute necrotizing amoebic meningoencephalitis with a short clinical course, and the adult gorilla and colobus monkey had a granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis with extraneural fibrogranulomatous inflammatory lesions and a long clinical course. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of amoebas in brain sections with a Balamuthia-specific polyclonal antibody was positive in all five animals. Indirect immunofluorescent staining for several species of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria fowleri, and Hartmanella vermiformis was negative. Direct examination of water and soil samples from the gorilla and former mandrill enclosures revealed unidentified amoebas in 11/27 samples, but intraperitoneal inoculations in mice failed to induce disease. Attempts to isolate amoebas from frozen tissues from the adult male gorilla were unsuccessful. C1 ZOOL SOC SAN DIEGO,VET SERV,SAN DIEGO WILD ANIM PK,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT VET PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,DEPT INFECT & PARASIT DIS PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Rideout, BA (reprint author), ZOOL SOC SAN DIEGO,CTR REPROD ENDANGERED SPECIES,DEPT PATHOL,POB 551,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112, USA. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA WC748 UT WOS:A1997WC74800003 PM 9150541 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Das, BK Ramachandran, M Bhan, MK Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Cunliffe, NA Das, BK Ramachandran, M Bhan, MK Glass, RI Gentsch, JR TI Sequence analysis demonstrates that VP6, NSP1 and NSP4 genes of Indian neonatal rotavirus strain 116E are of human origin SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; neonate; 116E; nucleotide sequence; vaccine ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BOVINE ROTAVIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN; SIMIAN ROTAVIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CAPSID PROTEIN; RNA; INFECTION; NS53; IDENTIFICATION AB We have sequenced the genes encoding the inner capsid protein VP6 and the nonstructural proteins NSP1 and NSP4 of the Indian neonatal serotype P8[11]G9 human/bovine reassortant candidate vaccine rotavirus strain 116E, These three genes share a high degree of sequence and deduced amino acid homology with human prototype strain Wa. Our results confirm and extend those of previous RNA-RNA hybridization studies which suggested that these genes are of human origin, and will facilitate examination of the host immune response to 116E induced by natural infection and vaccination. C1 UNIV LIVERPOOL,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & GENITOURINARY MED,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. UNIV LIVERPOOL,WELLCOME TRUST LIVERPOOL CTR CLIN TROP MED,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. RP Cunliffe, NA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 FU Wellcome Trust NR 47 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1007958914141 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA YB480 UT WOS:A1997YB48000007 PM 9354268 ER PT J AU Sullivan, DG Chang, GJ Akkina, RK AF Sullivan, DG Chang, GJ Akkina, RK TI Genetic characterization of ruminant pestiviruses: Sequence analysis of viral genotypes isolated from sheep SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE border disease virus; ovine pestivirus; pestivirus genotypes; pestivirus heterogeneity ID BORDER DISEASE VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; DIARRHEA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SWINE FEVER; REGION; DNA; HYPOMYELINATION AB Historically, the genus pestivirus was believed to contain three species of viruses; bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV), border disease Virus (BDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). However, based on limited sequence analysis of a small number of pestiviral isolates from domestic livestock, evidence has recently emerged indicating that at least four distinct genotypes exist. In an attempt to gain a better understanding of the degree of viral variation among ruminant pestiviruses, the entire structural gene coding region of an ovine pestivirus, BD31, genome encompassing 3358 nucleotides was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that BD31 shares less than 71% nucleotide similarity with other pestiviruses, suggesting that BD31 is distinct from BVDV, CSFV as well as other ovine and bovine pestiviruses currently referred to as BVDV type II. Based on this data, BD31 is the first North American pestivirus isolate that falls under the category 'true BDV'. Results from the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the E0-E1 coding region of six additional ruminant pestiviruses identified the existence of three distinct virus genotypes in North America. Thus, among ruminent pestiviruses, bovine isolates can be grouped into two genotypes, namely types 1 and 4, whereas ovine isolates fall into genotypes 1, 3 and 4. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 19 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(96)01402-5 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA WG470 UT WOS:A1997WG47000003 PM 9037733 ER PT J AU Saldanha, J Minor, P Cassinotti, P Cohen, B Beard, S Courouce, A Davidson, F Cleland, A Erdman, D Garson, J Groner, A Hammerle, T Horowitz, B Matsunaga, Y Maurer, W Beck, G Nubling, M Chudy, M Pisani, G Savage, M AF Saldanha, J Minor, P Cassinotti, P Cohen, B Beard, S Courouce, A Davidson, F Cleland, A Erdman, D Garson, J Groner, A Hammerle, T Horowitz, B Matsunaga, Y Maurer, W Beck, G Nubling, M Chudy, M Pisani, G Savage, M TI Collaborative study to assess the suitability of a proposed working reagent for human parvovirus B19 DNA detection in plasma pools by gene amplification techniques SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BLOT HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; VIRUS AB Background and objectives: A collaborative study was done to examine the sensitivity and specificity of assays for the detection of human parvovirus B19 DNA in plasma pools by PCR techniques and to establish a working reagent for B19 DNA testing of plasma pools. Materials and methods: Duplicate samples consisting of a tenfold dilution series of a positive cryosupernatant diluted in B19 DNA-negative cryosupernatant were sent to 17 laboratories. Results: The sensitivity of the assays varied: 2 laboratories were able to detect the 10(-7) dilution while 1 laboratory failed to detect B19 DNA in any samples. In addition, 5 laboratories obtained false-positive results, Conclusions: In general, laboratories using assays optimised for rapid detection of B19 DNA in serum samples did not perform well, indicating that such rapid methods are not adequate for examination of plasma pools. The 10(-6) dilution was detected by approximately half the laboratories and could be used as the working reagent. C1 INST CLIN MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, ST GALLEN, SWITZERLAND. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB, LONDON NW9 5HT, ENGLAND. INST NATL TRANSFUS SANGUINE, F-75015 PARIS, FRANCE. UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UCL, SCH MED, LONDON W1N 8AA, ENGLAND. CENTEON PHARMA GMBH, MARBURG, GERMANY. IMMUNO AG, ORTH, AUSTRIA. MELVILLE BIOL, NEW YORK, NY USA. NATL INST HLTH, TOKYO 141, JAPAN. BUNDESSTAATLICHES SERUMPRUFUNGSINST, VIENNA, AUSTRIA. PAUL EHRLICH INST, LANGEN, GERMANY. INST SUPER SANITA, ROME, ITALY. BAYER CORP, CLAYTON, NC 27520 USA. RP Saldanha, J (reprint author), NIBSC, DIV VIROL, BLANCHE LANE, S MIMMS EN6 3QG, HERTS, ENGLAND. RI Garson, Jeremy/C-5357-2008 NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PY 1997 VL 73 IS 4 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1046/j.1423-0410.1997.7340207.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA YH313 UT WOS:A1997YH31300002 PM 9407637 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Brownson, RC King, AC Brown, D Donatelle, RJ Heath, G AF Eyler, AA Brownson, RC King, AC Brown, D Donatelle, RJ Heath, G TI Physical activity and women in the United States: An overview of health benefits, prevalence, and intervention opportunities SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; BREAST-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; AEROBIC EXERCISE; 5-CITY PROJECT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; FEMORAL-NECK; LUMBAR SPINE AB Despite decades of physical activity research and interventions conducted on men, very little is known about the patterns of physical activity among US women. Rates from several national surveys show much lower rates of physical activity for women than for men. Among women, rates may vary by socioeconomic status. Studies relating physical activity and experience with heart disease, cancel; osteoporosis, and mental health are discussed. Interventions in the workplace and the community may increase the level of physical activity among US women. a history of not participating in exercise and lack of time for this activity appear to be important constraints for many women. The Surgeon General's Report on physical activity sanctioned future research on specific groups, such as women. Applied research coupled with community and workplace policies that support women's efforts to be more physically active may decrease the rates of some chronic diseases in this population. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Hlth Res & Policy, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon State Univ, Sch Hlth & Sport Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3663 Lindell Blvd, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 92 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 1997 VL 26 IS 3 BP 27 EP 49 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA YW590 UT WOS:000071951600003 PM 9501400 ER PT J AU Collins, BS Hollander, RB Koffman, DM Reeve, R Seidler, S AF Collins, BS Hollander, RB Koffman, DM Reeve, R Seidler, S TI Women, work and health: Issues and implications for worksite health promotion SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Review ID MASS PSYCHOGENIC ILLNESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PREGNANT WORKERS; HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; WORKPLACE; MORTALITY AB This paper identifies issues related to worksite health promotion programs for women by examining ways that work factors, health behaviors, family roles and responsibilities, and women's health are linked. Work conditions may affect women uniquely, as in the case of chemical exposure affecting reproductive health; disproportionately, such as the interaction between work and family roles; or differently from men, as in women's experience of stress in the workplace. The focus is on the differences and uniqueness of working women's health. Drawing on a public health perspective, implications for consideration by worksite health promotion programs specialist, human resource managers, and researchers are presented. C1 HOWARD UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20015 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH, CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. UNIV VIRGINIA, HLTH SERV FDN, INST QUAL HLTH, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 USA. HLTH MATTERS, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA. RP UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI, DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR, 4301 JONES BRIDGE RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. NR 151 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0363-0242 EI 1541-0331 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 1997 VL 25 IS 4 BP 3 EP 38 DI 10.1300/J013v25n04_02 PG 36 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA XW412 UT WOS:A1997XW41200002 PM 9302728 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Lauby, J Walls, C AF Semaan, S Lauby, J Walls, C TI Condom use with main partners by sterilized and non-sterilized women SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL BEHAVIORS; ADOLESCENT WOMEN; HIV-INFECTION; CRACK COCAINE; HEALTH BELIEF; UNITED-STATES; BLACK; AIDS; PREVENTION; ISSUES AB This study examined condom use with main partners by surgically sterilized and non-sterilized women at risk for HIV infection. Data were obtained from 379 African American women residing in low-income urban communities. Sterilized women were one-fifth as likely as non-sterilized women to use condoms. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that for both groups of women, higher perceived benefits of condom use for disease prevention were associated with condom use. In addition, younger age, self-efficacy for condom use, peer support for condom use, and whether condoms were ever used for pregnancy prevention were associated with condom use among non-sterilized women. Results of this study indicate the role of fertility status in condom use and the value of developing targeted prevention programs that reach women at high risk for HIV infection. Risk reduction programs need to emphasize the role of condoms in disease prevention and address attitudes towards condom use. C1 PHILADELPHIA HLTH MANAGEMENT CORP, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT, NATL CTR HIV STD TB PREVENT, 1600 CLIFTON RD, E-37, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU30693] NR 33 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 65 EP 84 DI 10.1300/J013v25n02_04 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA XR502 UT WOS:A1997XR50200004 PM 9278989 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, MI TI A possible explanation of the apparent breed-related resistance in cattle to bont tick (Amblyomma hebraeum) infestations SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bont tick; Amblyomma hebraeum; cattle breed-related resistance ID ZIMBABWE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IXODIDAE; ACARINA; WEIGHT; NDAMA; ZEBU AB Adult male Amblyomma hebraeum tick infestations and the weights of 20 Brahman steers and 38 Mashona heifers were measured at different periods at the Veterinary Quarantine Area at Mbizi, Zimbabwe. The experiment for the Brahmans lasted 108 weeks and that for the Mashona for 113 weeks. The Brahman steers weighed a maximum average of 478.4 kg (SE 7.9 kg), which was significantly different to the Mashona heifers maximum average of 391.4 kg (SE 5.6 kg) (P < 0.001). The Brahmans had a maximum average of 112.1 (SE 18.5) adult males, while the Mashona heifers had a maximum average of 59.8 (SE 4.3). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two maximum average ticks per kilogram liveweight (P > 0.05). When differences in size are corrected for, then breed-related differences disappear. It is emphasized that the influence of confounding factors, especially time, cannot be corrected for in a satisfactory manner. Therefore, these statistical results should be regarded as illustrative rather than proof. To confirm these results, it is suggested that the authors of earlier studies should reanalyze their databases in a similar manner. It is important that such analyses be conducted, or new experiments carried out. Erroneous conclusions regarding the reason for different tick numbers between the breeds could result in farmers being incorrectly encouraged to utilize smaller breeds to obtain 'built-in' resistance to A. hebraeum ticks. One logical explanation for the size-related effect is that the males typically attach themselves around the belly and groin areas. Larger breeds of cattle, such as the Brahman, will naturally have larger surface areas of skin in the belly and groin regions than smaller breeds. Thus, it is suggested that there may be a simple physical explanation for the difference between breeds in the numbers of attached adult A. hebraeum males. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 31 PY 1996 VL 67 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01018-7 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA WD880 UT WOS:A1996WD88000015 PM 9017875 ER PT J AU Zumwalt, RE Wake, MC Hoffman, R Malesich, RF AF Zumwalt, RE Wake, MC Hoffman, R Malesich, RF TI Deaths from motor-vehicle-relaxed unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning - Colorado, 1996, New Mexico, 1980-1995, and United States, 1979-1992 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 1029, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO. LAKE CTY CORONERS OFF,LEADVILLE,CO. CDC,SURVEILL & PROGRAMS BR,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BR,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Zumwalt, RE (reprint author), OFF MED INVESTIGATOR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 24 BP 1942 EP 1943 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VY689 UT WOS:A1996VY68900012 ER PT J AU Green, MD Xiao, LH Lal, AA AF Green, MD Xiao, LH Lal, AA TI Formation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids from hemozoin-catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arachidonic acid; hemozoin; hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; malaria ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; CEREBRAL MALARIA; PIGMENT; DAMAGE; PERMEABILITY; ENDOTHELIUM; METABOLISM; ARTERIES AB Hemozoin, a heme byproduct of hemoglobin digestion by malaria parasites, is released into the blood stream of the host upon lysing of infected erythrocytes. Since heme-compounds are potent catalysts of lipid peroxidation, we evaluated the catalytic ability of Plasmodium falciparum-derived hemozoin to oxidize arachidonic acid to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Hemozoin, beta-hematin, and hematin all catalyzed the formation of 15-, 12- and 5-HETE as major products. Although there were no significant differences in total amounts of HETEs generated by hemozoin relative to hematin or beta-hematin, there were significant differences in the proportions of certain isomers. 15-HETE was the predominant isomer generated by hemozoin catalysis while 5-HETE was the major product formed by hematin catalysis. Since HETEs are important vasoactive mediators, the non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid by hemozoin catalysis may contribute to some of the pathophysiology associated with severe and cerebral malaria. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Green, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC 20 PY 1996 VL 83 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(96)02769-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA WF108 UT WOS:A1996WF10800006 PM 9027751 ER PT J AU TitenkoHolland, N Levine, AJ Smith, MT Quintana, PJE Boeniger, M Hayes, R Suruda, A Schulte, P AF TitenkoHolland, N Levine, AJ Smith, MT Quintana, PJE Boeniger, M Hayes, R Suruda, A Schulte, P TI Quantification of epithelial cell micronuclei by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in mortuary science students exposed to formaldehyde SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exfoliated cell; mortuary science student; micronuclei; FISH; formaldehyde ID EXFOLIATED HUMAN-CELLS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; GASEOUS FORMALDEHYDE; LYMPHOCYTES; WORKERS; CANCER; CHROMOSOME; DAMAGE AB A micronucleus assay employing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a centromeric probe was used on specimens of exfoliated buccal and nasal cells collected from mortuary science students exposed to embalming fluid containing formaldehyde. FISH labeling allowed micronuclei (MN) containing a whole chromosome (centromere-positive, MN(+)) to be differentiated from those containing only chromosomal fragments (centromere-negative, MN(-)). Each student was sampled before and after the 90 day embalming class. We determined if an increase in MN frequency could be attributed to formaldehyde exposure and was specific to either MN(+) or MN(-). In buccal cells, total MN frequency was significantly increased from 0.6/1000 to 2/1000 (p = 0.007) following the course, whereas in nasal cells it was not (2 and 2.5/1000, respectively, p = 0.2). Cells with multiple MN were present only in samples taken after exposure to embalming fluid. Although the baseline frequency was higher for MN(+) in both buccal (0.4/1000 for MN(+) and 0.1/1000 for MN(-)) and nasal cells (1.2/1000 for MN(+) and 0.5/1000 for MN(-)), the increase in MN frequency was greater for MN(-), (9-fold, p = 0.005 for buccal cells; 2-fold, p = 0.03 for nasal cells) than for MN(+) (> 2-fold, p = 0.08 for buccal cells; no change, p = 0.31 for nasal cells) in both tissues, Thus, the primary mechanism of micronucleus formation appeared to be chromosome breakage, This finding is consistent with known clastogenic properties of formaldehyde, the component of embalming fluid most likely responsible for micronucleus induction. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. RP TitenkoHolland, N (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,SCH PUBL HLTH,217 WARREN HALL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES01896, P42-ES04705] NR 34 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-1218 J9 MUTAT RES-GENET TOX JI Mutat. Res.-Genet. Toxicol. PD DEC 20 PY 1996 VL 371 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0165-1218(96)90112-3 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA WC890 UT WOS:A1996WC89000010 PM 9008725 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Cordero, JF AF Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Cordero, JF TI Descriptive epidemiology of holoprosencephaly and arhinencephaly in Metropolitan Atlanta, 1968-1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE holoprosencephaly; arhinencephaly; epidemiology; surveillance ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; ASSOCIATION; PERSPECTIVES; DISORDERS; CYCLOPIA; GENETICS; SPECTRUM; DEFECTS; CHILD AB We report the descriptive epidemiology of holoprosencephaly and arhinencephaly using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based birth defects surveillance system with multiple sources of ascertainment. From 1968-1992, we ascertained 63 cases of holoprosencephaly and arhinencephaly from approximately 734,000 births, for a birth prevalence of 0.86 per 10,000. Thirteen case infants with holoprosencephaly and four case infants with arhinencephaly were categorized as having syndromes. Of the case infants with non-syndromic holoprosencephaly, 55% had malformations not attributable to the underlying brain defect, The rate of holoprosencephaly and arhinencephaly increased from 0.58 per 10,000 during 1968-1972 to 1.2 per 10,000 during 1988-1992 (P for trend = 0.016). Rates were higher for females than for males (risk ratio = 1.45, 95% C.I. 0.88-2.41) and higher for nonwhites than for whites (risk ratio = 1.74, 95% C.I. 1.06-2.86). There was a U-shaped distribution of risk associated with maternal age with a slightly increased risk for younger women (risk ratio for maternal age < 20 years, compared with age 25-29 years = 1.68, 95% C.I. 0.77-3.62) and older women (risk ratio for maternal age > 34 years, compared with age 25-29 years = 2.30, 95% C.I. 0.93-5.7), but this was not statistically significant. The increased risk in the older age group could be largely explained by the presence of cases with autosomal trisomies, Neonatal mortality was higher for infants with malformations that were not attributable to the underlying brain defect and for infants with syndromes than for infants with isolated holoprosencephaly, This analysis is the first population-based study with long-term data on this rare defect, Further epidemiologic studies will be necessary to assess the risk factors for holoprosencephaly and arhinencephaly. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH F45,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GENET,COLL MED,GAINESVILLE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T35 HLO7489] NR 52 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD DEC 18 PY 1996 VL 66 IS 3 BP 320 EP 333 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19961218)66:3<320::AID-AJMG16>3.0.CO;2-O PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WA048 UT WOS:A1996WA04800016 PM 8985495 ER PT J AU Miller, B Castro, KG AF Miller, B Castro, KG TI Sharpen available tools for tuberculosis control, but new tools needed for elimination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 23 BP 1916 EP 1917 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VX522 UT WOS:A1996VX52200041 PM 8968019 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Yang, CF Nelson, CO Holloway, BP Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Yang, CF Nelson, CO Holloway, BP Udhayakumar, V Lal, AA TI Quantitation of RT-PCR amplified cytokine mRNA by aequorin-based bioluminescence immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE bioluminescence; cytokine; mRNA; quantitation; reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELISA; ASSAYS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; LIGATION; PRODUCTS; GENE AB We described here a bioluminescence-based immunoassay for the quantitation of RT-PCR amplified cytokine mRNA. This technique uses a standard RT-PCR procedure, with the following modifications. The forward primer in the PCR reaction is labeled with a 5' biotin molecule. Following PCR, a digoxigenin-conjugated oligonucleotide probe is hybridized to the target biotin-labeled DNA template. The hybridized duplex is captured onto a streptavidin-coated microtiter plate. The bound product is quantitated by adding digoxigenin-specific antibodies conjugated with the photoprotein aequorin. The amount of specific DNA captured onto the plate is quantitated by triggering the bioluminescence reaction through the addition of calcium ions, This technique detected as low as 40 amol of amplified cytokine products, or 500 copies of templates when 27 PCR cycles were used, The high sensitivity of this technique enables the quantitation of target DNA during the exponential phase of the PCR reaction. The aequorin-bioluminescence assay is an alterative non-radioactive method for the quantitation of PCR products. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 199 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(96)00174-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA VZ015 UT WOS:A1996VZ01500004 PM 8982355 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Strine, TW Smith, JS Noah, DL Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Krebs, JW Strine, TW Smith, JS Noah, DL Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1995 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COYOTES AB In 1995, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). Most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the Northeast, where rabies is now enzootic rather than epizootic. Exceptions to this decline were detected in states where the virus has only recently entered raccoon populations or where ongoing epizootics persist. States experiencing increasing epizootic activity associated with this variant include Maine (3 cases in 1993 to 101 cases in 1995), North Carolina (9 cases in 1990 to 466 cases in 1995), Rhode Island (1 case in 1993 to 324 cases in 1995), and Vermont (45 cases in 1993 to 179 cases in 1995). The raccoon variant of the rabies virus is now present in Alabama, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, and all Atlantic Seaboard stales from Florida to Maine. in Ohio, this variant, last detected in 1992 as a single case, was again detected in 1996. Epizootics of rabies in foxes in west central Texas and in dogs and coyotes in southern Texas attributable to canine variants continue, with this slate reporting 137 rabid foxes, 55 rabid dogs, and 80 of the 83 cases in coyotes during 1995. The number of rabid bats (787) increased by almost 25%, with cases reported by 47 of the 48 contiguous stales. Nationally reported cases of rabies in cattle (136) and cats (288) increased by 22.5 and 79%, respectively whereas cases in dogs (146) decreased by 4.6%, Cats continued to be the domestic animal most frequently reported rabid. The cases of rabies reported in human beings were ail caused by viral variants associated with bats. Eighteen states and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1995, compared with 28 states and the District of Columbia in 1994. Hawaii was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1995. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 209 IS 12 BP 2031 EP 2044 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA VX283 UT WOS:A1996VX28300019 PM 8960176 ER PT J AU Altekruse, SF AF Altekruse, SF TI Effectiveness of consumer labels for the safety of foods of animal origin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Food Safety - The Safety of Foods of Animal Origin, at the 133rd Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 20, 1996 CL LOUISVILLE, KY SP Amer Vet Med Assoc RP Altekruse, SF (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,M-S A-38,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1996 VL 209 IS 12 BP 2056 EP 2056 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA VX283 UT WOS:A1996VX28300027 PM 8960183 ER PT J AU Bloland, PB Ruebush, TK AF Bloland, PB Ruebush, TK TI Amodiaquine SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID MALARIA RP Bloland, PB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MALARIA EPIDEMIOL SECT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 14 PY 1996 VL 348 IS 9042 BP 1659 EP 1660 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65723-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VX876 UT WOS:A1996VX87600051 PM 8962005 ER PT J AU Semenza, JC AF Semenza, JC TI Deaths in the Chicago heat wave - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Semenza, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 24 BP 1848 EP 1849 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VW683 UT WOS:A1996VW68300031 ER PT J AU Manson, JM Sharar, RG AF Manson, JM Sharar, RG TI Unintentional administration of varicella virus vaccine - United States, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 1017-1018, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,CHILD VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BR,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Manson, JM (reprint author), MERCK RES LABS,WORLDWIDE PROD SAFETY & EPIDEMIOL DIV,W POINT,PA, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 22 BP 1792 EP 1792 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV997 UT WOS:A1996VV99700011 ER PT J AU Durand, AM Sabino, H Mahoney, F AF Durand, AM Sabino, H Mahoney, F TI Success of mass vaccination of infants against hepatitis B SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Durand, AM (reprint author), COMMONWEALTH NO MARIANA ISL,DEPT HLTH SERV,MARYVILLE,TN, USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 22 BP 1802 EP 1803 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV997 UT WOS:A1996VV99700023 PM 8946897 ER PT J AU Schendel, DE Berg, CJ YearginAllsopp, M Boyle, CA Decoufle, P AF Schendel, DE Berg, CJ YearginAllsopp, M Boyle, CA Decoufle, P TI Prenatal magnesium sulfate exposure and the risk for cerebral palsy or mental retardation among very low-birth-weight children aged 3 to 5 years SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PERIVENTRICULAR-INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE; GERMINAL MATRIX HEMORRHAGE; PRETERM INFANTS; POPULATION; PREDICTION; BRAIN; TRENDS; REDUCE; TRIAL AB Objective.-To examine the relationship between prenatal magnesium sulfate exposure and the risk for cerebral palsy (CP) or mental retardation (MR) among very low-birth-weight (VLBW; <1500 g) children. Secondarily, to investigate the effect of prenatal magnesium sulfate exposure on VLBW infant mortality. Design.-Cohort study with follow-up to 1 year of age; a subset followed up to 3 to 5 years. Setting.-Twenty-nine Georgia counties, including the Ei-county Atlanta metropolitan area. Participants.-All VLBW births (N=1097) occurring during 2 years (1986-1988); all metropolitan Atlanta VLBW neonates who survived infancy (N=519). Main Outcome Measures.-lnfant mortality as determined from vital statistics records, Development of CP or MR by 3 to 5 years of age among metropolitan Atlanta VLBW survivors as determined from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. Results.-For the entire cohort, there was no association between prenatal magnesium sulfate exposure and infant mortality (adjusted rate ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.25). Among Atlanta-born survivors, those exposed to magnesium sulfate had a lower prevalence of GP or MR than those not exposed (CP: magnesium sulfate, 0.9%, no magnesium sulfate, 7.7%, crude odds ratio [OR], 0.11, 95% CI, 0.02-0.81; MR: magnesium sulfate, 1.8%, no magnesium sulfate, 5.8%, crude OR, 0.30, 95% CI, 0.07-1.29). Multivariable adjustment had no appreciable effect on the ORs for CP or MR, but the Cls included 1.0. Conclusions.-A reduced risk for CP, and possibly MR, among VLBW children is associated with prenatal magnesium sulfate exposure. The reduced risk for childhood CP or MR does not appear to be due to selective mortality of magnesium sulfate-exposed infants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 36 TC 174 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 22 BP 1805 EP 1810 DI 10.1001/jama.276.22.1805 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV997 UT WOS:A1996VV99700029 PM 8946900 ER PT J AU Karas, JA AF Karas, JA TI Tracing patients in rural Africa SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV NATAL,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,DURBAN,SOUTH AFRICA. RP Karas, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 7 PY 1996 VL 348 IS 9041 BP 1598 EP 1598 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66229-0 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VX023 UT WOS:A1996VX02300073 PM 8950922 ER PT J AU Perrotta, DM Coody, G Culmo, C AF Perrotta, DM Coody, G Culmo, C TI Adverse events associated with ephedrine-containing products - Texas, December 1993 September 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 689-693, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DOUBLE-BLIND; CAFFEINE C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR FOOD & DRUG SAFETY,AUSTIN,TX 78756. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,TEXAS POISON CTR NETWORK,AUSTIN,TX 78756. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,CLIN RES & REVIEW SATFF,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Perrotta, DM (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,AUSTIN,TX 78756, USA. NR 9 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 21 BP 1711 EP 1712 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV566 UT WOS:A1996VV56600011 ER PT J AU Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelaman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S JacksonThompson, J Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Lengerich, G Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Diamond, R Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Cautley, E Futa, M AF Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelaman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S JacksonThompson, J Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Lengerich, G Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Diamond, R Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Cautley, E Futa, M TI State-specific prevalence of cigarette smoking - United States, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 962-966, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,BEHAV SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Durham, J (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 21 BP 1713 EP 1713 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV566 UT WOS:A1996VV56600012 ER PT J AU Hillemanns, P Ellerbrock, TV McPhillips, S Dole, P Alperstein, S Johnson, D Sun, XW Chiasson, MA Wright, TC AF Hillemanns, P Ellerbrock, TV McPhillips, S Dole, P Alperstein, S Johnson, D Sun, XW Chiasson, MA Wright, TC TI Prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection and anal cytologic abnormalities in HIV-seropositive women SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; anal intra-epithelial neoplasia; human papillomavirus ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; GENITAL WARTS; RISK-FACTORS; CANCER; DISEASE; ASSOCIATION; DYSPLASIA; PARALLEL AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and anal cytologic abnormalities in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women. Design: This cross-sectional study of a cohort of women with known HIV serostatus involved a standardized interview and a gynecologic examination, including a cytologic evaluation of the cervix and anus. Anal swabs were tested for HPV DNA using the Hybrid Capture assay. Setting: Two HIV/AIDS clinics, a sexually transmitted disease clinic, a methadone clinic and women enrolled in a study of HIV heterosexual transmission in the greater New York City metropolitan area. Patients: One hundred and two HIV-seropositive and 96 HIV-seronegative women were selected from an ongoing study of the gynecologic manifestations of HIV infection. Main outcome measures: Detection of anal HPV DNA and anal cytologic abnormalities. Results: Anal cytologic abnormalities were detected in 27 (26%) of the 102 HIV-seropositive women and in six (7%) of 96 HIV-seronegative women. Five (5%) of the anal smears from the HIV-seropositive women and one (1%) from the HIV seronegative women had low-grade anal intra-epithelial neoplasia. The remainder of the anal cytologic abnormalities were classified as mild squamous cytologic atypia. HPV DNA was detected in 30 (29%) of 102 HIV-seropositive and two (2%) of 96 HIV-seronegative women. Of the 33 patients with anal cytologic abnormalities, 19 (58%) had anal HPV DNA detected as compared to 13 (8%) of 160 women without cytologic abnormalities (P < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, HIV-seropositivity was found to be an independent risk factor for both anal HPV infection and anal cytologic abnormalities and the strength of the association was greater in women with lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Conclusion: The prevalence of both anal cytologic abnormalities and anal HPV infection are significantly increased in HIV-seropositive women. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV MUNICH,KLINIKUM GROSSHADERN,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,D-8000 MUNICH,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV AIDS RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013. FU PHS HHS [CCU 206822] NR 31 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 IS 14 BP 1641 EP 1647 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VY172 UT WOS:A1996VY17200008 PM 8970684 ER PT J AU Irwin, KL Valdiserri, RO Holmberg, SD AF Irwin, KL Valdiserri, RO Holmberg, SD TI The acceptability of voluntary HIV antibody testing in the United States: A decade of lessons learned SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE AIDS serodiagnosis; mass screening; patient acceptance of health care ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; DRUG-USERS; PRENATAL POPULATION; PARTURIENT WOMEN; HIGH PREVALENCE; AIDS EDUCATION; INFECTION; ROUTINE; RISK AB Objective: As the benefits of early diagnosis of HIV increase, US adults are more likely to be offered HIV counseling and testing in settings where they may not seek testing. Rates and determinants of counseling and testing acceptance in these settings are poorly understood. Design: We reviewed articles and abstracts published from 1985 to 1995 which addressed rates or determinants of counseling and testing acceptance in facilities that provide perinatal, family planning, gynecology, sexually transmitted disease (STD) and drug treatment services, hospitals, and prisons. Data reflected testing experience of more than 240 000 adults. Results: Acceptance rates varied widely (3-100%), even within settings of the same type. Acceptance was generally higher (> 50%) among persons at high risk for acquiring or transmitting the infection (e.g., STD patients, pregnant women at high risk) than among low-risk persons. Factors associated with high acceptance rates included the client's perception of HIV risk, acknowledging risk behaviors; confidentiality protections; presenting counseling and testing as 'routine' rather than optional; and the provider's belief that counseling and testing will benefit the client. Factors associated with low acceptance rates included prior HIV testing, fears about coping with results, and explicit informed consent. Conclusions: To institute and evaluate counseling and testing programs for persons who do not specifically seek testing, multiple determinants of acceptance must be considered. Practices. that protect confidentiality, endorse counseling directed to a client's unique circumstances, and highlight the medical and social benefits of testing are likely to promote acceptance. Acceptance of counseling and testing offered non-routinely to the numerous Americans who have been previously tested or are at low risk is likely to be low. RP Irwin, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 103 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 4 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 IS 14 BP 1707 EP 1717 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VY172 UT WOS:A1996VY17200016 PM 8970692 ER PT J AU Greenberg, JB Johnson, WD Fichtner, RR AF Greenberg, JB Johnson, WD Fichtner, RR TI A community support group for HIV-seropositive drug users: Is attendance associated with reductions in risk behaviour? (vol 8, pg 540, 1996) SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Greenberg, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD DEC PY 1996 VL 8 IS 6 BP 716 EP 716 DI 10.1080/09540129650125443 PG 1 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA WA306 UT WOS:A1996WA30600010 ER PT J AU Esche, CA Groff, JH AF Esche, CA Groff, JH TI PAT Program report: Background and current status (September 5, 1996) SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material RP Esche, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,US PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1179 EP 1180 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VY411 UT WOS:A1996VY41100018 ER PT J AU Haddix, A Meltzer, M Messonnier, M Buzby, J Pingali, P Young, R Toodi, B Kelsey, T AF Haddix, A Meltzer, M Messonnier, M Buzby, J Pingali, P Young, R Toodi, B Kelsey, T TI Agricultural economics and public health: Opportunities for cross-disciplinary research. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USDA,ERS,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CIMMYT,MEXICO CITY 06600,DF,MEXICO. KANSAS STATE UNIV,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 78 IS 5 BP 1381 EP 1381 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA WZ984 UT WOS:A1996WZ98400072 ER PT J AU Liu, SM Byers, T Mokdad, A Williamson, DF AF Liu, SM Byers, T Mokdad, A Williamson, DF TI Reliability of alcohol intake as recalled from 10 years in the past - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT NUTR,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO 80262. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 11 BP 1087 EP 1088 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VV535 UT WOS:A1996VV53500014 ER PT J AU Robinson, CF Petersen, M Sieber, WK Palu, S Halperin, WE AF Robinson, CF Petersen, M Sieber, WK Palu, S Halperin, WE TI Mortality of carpenters' union members employed in the US construction or wood products industries, 1987-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE wood dust; asbestos; mesothelioma; injury; occupational lung diseases; stomach cancer; occupational hazards; surveillance ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; CANCER MORTALITY; ENGINE EXHAUSTS; CASE-REFERENT; FRESH WOOD; OCCUPATION; WORKERS; LEUKEMIA AB This study evaluated the mortality of 27,362 members of the U.S. Carpenters' Union who died 1987-1990. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMRs) were computed using the U.S. age-, gender-, and race-specific proportional mortality for the years of the study. For white male carpenters who were last employed while in construction industry locals, raised mortality was observed for lung cancer (PCMR = 107, CI = 103, 111), bone cancer (PCMR = 181, CI = 107, 286), asbestosis (PMR = 283, CI = 158, 457), emphysema (PMR = 115, CI = 102, 130), transportation injuries (PMR = 121, CI = 109, 135), and falls (PMR = 122, CI = 104, 142). For white male carpenters who were last employed while in industrial wood products locals, significantly raised mortality occurred for stomach cancer (PCMR = 187, CI = 136, 250), male breast cancer (PCMR = 469, CI = 128, 720), and transportation injuries (PMR = 136, CI = 110, 173). Excess breast cancer was associated with last employment in wood machining trades. Nasal cancer mortality was not elevated. A total of 121 mesotheliomas were observed. Contributing cause of death analyses revealed raised mortality of these and additional causes; 4,594 (18%) death certificates mentioned occupational and other lung disease as a contributing factor, resulting in significantly elevated mortality. These data show that construction carpenters have moderately elevated mortality for the diseases caused by asbestos (lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma) and from traumatic injuries. The findings of elevated mortality for stomach, bone, and breast cancer was unexpected and requires further evaluation of possible occupational factors. This study confirms the construction carpentry is an extremely hazardous trade. The data suggest that additional preventive action guarding against asbestos exposure and occupational injury is urgently needed in this occupation. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP Robinson, CF (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAIL STOP R-18,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 63 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 30 IS 6 BP 674 EP 694 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199612)30:6<674::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-R PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VQ236 UT WOS:A1996VQ23600004 PM 8914714 ER PT J AU KeitaPerse, O Gaynes, RP AF KeitaPerse, O Gaynes, RP TI Severity of illness scoring systems to adjust nosocomial infection rates: A review and commentary SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; RISK; PNEUMONIA; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; PREDICTOR AB Background: Nosocomial infections (NI) are often used by hospitals for external comparisons. In the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system, NI rates from intensive care units (ICUs) are adjusted for extrinsic risk factors such as device use but would be enhanced if they were better adjusted with a direct measurement of patients' severity of illness. Method: We performed a Medline search on the literature during 1991 to 1996 to identify a severity of illness scoring system (SISS) that would be useful for further adjusting ICU NI rates. We assessed the scoring system for objectivity, simplicity, discriminating power, and availability. Results: Eleven studies reported the use of SISS. Seven used scoring systems developed to predict mortality rates. Four correlated SISS with all sites of NI and, in general, did not meet with success. Six showed some predictive value between SISS and nosocomial pneumonia. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score (version II or III), used in five studies, was the most commonly used SISS but performed inconsistently and may not be available in many ICUs. Conclusion: New approaches for measures of severity of illness need to be developed to adjust NI rates. Until such measures are available, comparative NI rates will be limited in their use as definitive indicators of quality of care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 6 BP 429 EP 434 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(96)90036-X PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VY556 UT WOS:A1996VY55600003 PM 8974168 ER PT J AU Friede, A OCarroll, PW AF Friede, A OCarroll, PW TI CDC and ATSDR electronic information resources for health officers (Reprinted from Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, vol 2, pg 10-24, 1996) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Reprint ID SYSTEM; WONDER AB This article catalogs some of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) more important information resource offerings, which make public health information accessible via computer and automated telephone systems and on electronic media (diskette and CD-ROM). We review mechanisms for (1) finding and retrieving CDC reports, (2) querying CDC's numeric data files, (3) transmitting surveillance and other data files to CDC, (4) exchanging electronic mail with CDC staff, and (5) disseminating state and local public health information and data by using CDC tools. Each resource is followed with a section on how to obtain access to these resources. RP Friede, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 6 BP 440 EP 454 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VY556 UT WOS:A1996VY55600005 PM 8974170 ER PT J AU Manangan, LP AF Manangan, LP TI The infection control information system of the Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB In December 1990 the Investigation and Prevention Branch, Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), developed the Hospital Infections Program infection control information system (HIP ICIS) to respond more efficiently to more than 200 public inquiries (telephone or written) that HIP receives daily. The HIP ICIS allows anyone with a Touch-Tone telephone, fax machine, or computer to access CDC information that answers the most commonly asked questions from infection control practitioners and other health care workers. The HIP ICIS has received approximately 56,608 inquiries; of these, 33% were about CDC guidelines on prevention and control of nosocomial infections, 25% about issues related to HIV, 16% about sterilization and disinfection of medical devices, 8% about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 3% about long-term care facilities, and 17% about miscellaneous topics (e.g., nosocomial infection rates, infection control courses, and ventilation, construction, and renovation of hospitals). The HIP ICIS is an efficient method of providing infection control guidance to the infection control community. In this article, we a) review the history of the HIP ICIS, b) present data on HIP ICIS usage, c) summarize the current HIP ICIS contents, and d) present step-by-step instructions on how to access the HIP ICIS. RP Manangan, LP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 6 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(96)90040-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VY556 UT WOS:A1996VY55600007 PM 8974172 ER PT J AU Peterson, HB AF Peterson, HB TI Ectopic pregnancy - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Peterson, HB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 175 IS 6 BP 1675 EP 1675 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70125-4 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA WA641 UT WOS:A1996WA64100055 ER PT J AU Satcher, D AF Satcher, D TI CDC's first 50 years: Lessons learned and relearned SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP Satcher, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1705 EP 1708 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.12.1705 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WC835 UT WOS:A1996WC83500006 PM 9003124 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA Serdula, M Pamuk, E Siegel, PZ Byers, T AF Galuska, DA Serdula, M Pamuk, E Siegel, PZ Byers, T TI Trends in overweight among US adults from 1987 to 1993: A multistate telephone survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; HEIGHT; VALIDITY AB Objectives. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this study describes trends in the prevalence of overweight between 1987 and 1993. Methods. Data were examined from 33 states participating in an ongoing telephone survey of health behaviors of adults (n = 387 704); Self-reported weights and heights were used to calculate sex-specific prevalence estimates of overweight for each year from 1987 to 1993. Time trends were evaluated with the use of linear regression. Results. Between 1987 and 1993, the age-adjusted prevalence of overweight increased by 0.9% per year for both sexes (from 21.9% to 26.7% among men and from 20.6% to 25.4% among women). The increasing linear trend was observed in all subgroups of the population but was most notable for Black men (1.5% per year) and men living in-the Northeast (1.4% per year). Secular changes in smoking and leisure-time, physical activity did not entirely account for the increase in overweight. Conclusions. The prevalence of overweight among American adults increased by 5% between 1987 and 1993. Efforts are needed to explore the causes of this adverse trend and to find effective strategies to prevent obesity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO. RP Galuska, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCCDPHP K26,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1729 EP 1735 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.12.1729 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WC835 UT WOS:A1996WC83500011 PM 9003129 ER PT J AU Hamlin, JS Wood, D Pereyra, M Grabowsky, M AF Hamlin, JS Wood, D Pereyra, M Grabowsky, M TI Inappropriately timed immunizations: Types, causes, and their relationship to record keeping SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY OCT 24-28, 1993 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc, Med Care Sect, NIMH AB Objectives. This study examined inappropriately timed immunizations and their relationship to record keeping practices in Los Angeles public health centers. Methods. Records of children's visits were reviewed at four public health centers maintaining separate records. Results. One third of all children seen at both immunization-only and well child clinics were given inappropriately timed immunizations. Almost half of the immunizations were not transferred between sets of records. Children seen in both clinics were more than twice as likely to receive at least one inappropriately timed immunization as those seen only at the well child clinic. Conclusions. Keeping separate immunization records at separate clinics leads to inappropriately timed immunizations. C1 CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,AHMANSON DEPT PEDIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0942] NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1812 EP 1814 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.12.1812 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WC835 UT WOS:A1996WC83500027 PM 9003145 ER PT J AU Millard, PS Shannon, SC Carvette, B Tanaka, S Halperin, WE AF Millard, PS Shannon, SC Carvette, B Tanaka, S Halperin, WE TI Maine students' musculoskeletal injuries attributed to harvesting blueberries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 MAINE BUR HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,AUGUSTA,ME. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1821 EP 1822 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.12.1821-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WC835 UT WOS:A1996WC83500033 PM 9003151 ER PT J AU Zucker, JR Lackritz, EM Ruebush, TK Hightower, AW Adungosi, JE Were, JB Metchock, B Patrick, E Campbell, CC AF Zucker, JR Lackritz, EM Ruebush, TK Hightower, AW Adungosi, JE Were, JB Metchock, B Patrick, E Campbell, CC TI Childhood mortality during and after hospitalization in western Kenya: Effect of malaria treatment regimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; SURVIVAL; AFRICA AB Plasmodium falciparum infection is an important cause of the high childhood mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Increasingly, the contribution of P. Salciparum-associated severe anemia to pediatric mortality is being recognized while the impact of chloroquine resistance on mortality has not been evaluated. To address the issues of pediatric mortality, causes of death among hospitalized children less than five years of age in western Kenya were identified using standardized clinical examinations and laboratory evaluations. Follow-up examinations were conducted to determine the child's clinical status posthospitalization. Of the 1,223 children admitted to Siaya District Hospital from March to September 1991, 293 (24%) were severely anemic (hemoglobin level < 5.0 g/dL). There were 265 (22%) deaths; 121 (10%) occurred in-hospital and 144 (13%) occurred out-of-hospital within eight weeks after admission; 32% of all deaths were associated with malaria. Treatment for malaria with chloroquine was associated with a 33% case fatality rate compared with 11% for children treated with more effective regimens (pyrimethamine/sulfa, quinine, or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for five days). The risk of dying was associated with younger age (P < 0.0001) and severe anemia (relative risk [RR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22, 1.90), and was decreased by treatment with an effective antimalarial drug (RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.65). Effective drug therapy for P. falciparum with regimens that are parasitocidal in areas with a high prevalence of severe anemia and chloroquine resistance can significantly improve the survival of children in Africa. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MALARIA BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,STAT SERV ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. KENYA SIAYA DIST HOSP,SIAYA,KENYA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA. EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 11 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 55 IS 6 BP 655 EP 660 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WG140 UT WOS:A1996WG14000016 PM 9025694 ER PT J AU Regnery, RL Rooney, JA Johnson, AM Nesby, SL Manzewitsch, P Beaver, K Olson, JG AF Regnery, RL Rooney, JA Johnson, AM Nesby, SL Manzewitsch, P Beaver, K Olson, JG TI Experimentally induced Bartonella henselae infections followed by challenge exposure and antimicrobial therapy in cats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SCRATCH DISEASE PATIENTS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; POSITIVE PATIENT; DOMESTIC CAT; RISK-FACTORS; SP-NOV; ENDOCARDITIS; BACTEREMIA AB Objectives-To elucidate kinetics of Bartonella henselae bacteremia and IgG response, evaluate antibiotic therapy, and investigate challenge exposure in cats. Animals-Specific-pathogen-free cats. Procedure-Cats were inoculated with B henselae or B quintana and monitored. Convalescent cats were challenge exposed with B henselae. Amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline HCl were evaluated for effect on B henselae bacteremia. Results-Cats developed B henselae bacteremia within 1 week; bacteremia persisted for longer than 2 months before subsiding spontaneously. IgG antibody titer developed shortly after onset of bacteremia; antibody coexisted with bacteremia for several weeks and remained detectable after bacteremia subsided. Cats inoculated with B quintana remained abacteremic. On challenge exposure to B henselae, cats previously infected with B henselae remained abacteremic; cats previously inoculated with B quintana supported B henselae infection. Tetracycline HCl and erythromycin depressed B henselae bacteremia; however, duration of bacteremia remained similar to that in untreated cats. Obvious signs of illness were not observed. Conclusions-Long-duration, high-titer B henselae infections were highly reproducible in cats. Convalescent cats were immune to reinfection. B quintana-inoculated cats did not have evidence of infection and were susceptible to B henselae challenge exposure. Antibiotic therapy was incompletely efficacious in terminating cat bacteremia. Clinical Relevance-A cat with an inapparent B henselae infection must provisionally be regarded as a possible reservoir for infection for a minimum of 2 to 3 months. Convalescent cats are resistant to reinfection. Usual antibiotic therapy was not completely efficacious. Measurement of IgG antibody can be used to detect past or current infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HESKA CORP,FT COLLINS,CO 80525. TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. RP Regnery, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 57 IS 12 BP 1714 EP 1719 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA VV476 UT WOS:A1996VV47600016 PM 8950424 ER PT J AU Nwanyanwu, OC Ziba, C Kazembe, PN Gamadzi, G Gondwe, J Redd, SC AF Nwanyanwu, OC Ziba, C Kazembe, PN Gamadzi, G Gondwe, J Redd, SC TI The effect of oral iron therapy during treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine on Malawian children under 5 years of age SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAMBIAN CHILDREN; CHLOROQUINE; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; DEFICIENCY; ANEMIA AB In sub-Saharan countries, although malaria and malaria-associated anaemia are major public health problems, the usefulness of supplementary iron treatment for children with malaria-associated anaemia is unknown. In a 6-week period during the 1995 rainy season, 222 Malawian children aged <5) ears, who sought treatment for malaria, had greater than or equal to 500 parasites/mu l blood and at least 5 g haemoglobin (HB)/dl blood and whose parents gave consent, were randomized into a prospective study comparing the efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine only (SP), SP plus daily iron (SPD) and SP plus weekly iron (SPD)) as treatment for malaria-associated anaemia. The patients had their HE concentrations measured on enrolment (day 0), just before antimalarial treatment, and on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28; 215 (96.8%) completed the 28-day study. Among the children with 5-8 g HB/dl on enrolment, HE gain by the end of the study was significantly greater than in the children with >8 g HB/dl initially (4.1 v 2.2 g/dl; P<0.05), and those in the SPD group gained significantly more HE by days 21 and 28 (36 and 4.9 g/dl, respectively) than those in either the SPW (2.7 and 3 7 g/dl, respectively) or the SP groups (2.6 and 3.5 g/dl, respectively); there was no difference in HE gain between the SP and SPW groups. Type of treatment had no apparent effect, at any time during the study, on HE gains in those patients who had >8 n HB/dl on enrolment. Thus the children with 5-8 g HB/dl on enrolment benefited from daily iron therapy whereas those with >8 g HB/dl derived no significant benefit; improvement in HE depended most on whether enrolment HE was less than or equal to 8.0 g/dl. As treatment with an effective antimalarial drug resulted in HE gains, irrespective of treatment group or HE concentration at enrolment, the anaemia observed may be mostly related to malaria. However, as a larger proportion of the iron-treated patients failed to clear their parasitaemias than of those given SP alone, oral iron map inhibit SP action. It is therefore recommended that, for children with both malaria and malaria-associated anaemia, the malaria should first be cleared with an effective antimalarial drug, such as SP, before the anaemia, if it still persists, is treated with iron. C1 KAMAZU CENT HOSP,LILONGWE,MALAWI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Nwanyanwu, OC (reprint author), MINIST HLTH & POPULAT,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,PRIVATE BAG 65,LILONGWE,MALAWI. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 90 IS 6 BP 589 EP 595 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA WA224 UT WOS:A1996WA22400002 PM 9039270 ER PT J AU BlitzDorfman, L Monsalve, F Atencio, R Porto, L AF BlitzDorfman, L Monsalve, F Atencio, R Porto, L TI Serological survey of markers of infection with viral hepatitis among the Yukpa Amerindians from western venezuela SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID E VIRUS; ANTIBODY C1 HOSP GEN SUR,MARACAIBO,VENEZUELA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. IVIC,LAB BIOL VIRUS,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. INST SALUD CARLOS III,MADRID,SPAIN. RP BlitzDorfman, L (reprint author), UNIV ZULIA,FAC MED,LAB REG REFERENCIA VIROL,POB 15282,MARACAIBO 4011,VENEZUELA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 90 IS 6 BP 655 EP 657 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA WA224 UT WOS:A1996WA22400012 PM 9039280 ER PT J AU Otsyula, M Yee, J Suleman, M Tarara, R Martin, J Woods, P Glass, R Jennings, M AF Otsyula, M Yee, J Suleman, M Tarara, R Martin, J Woods, P Glass, R Jennings, M TI Rotavirus infection in African, non-human primates SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GASTROENTERITIS; NEUTRALIZATION; VP3 C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SIMIAN RETROVIRUS LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL,ROTAVIRUS LAB,DIV VIRAL DIS,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,AIDS ANIM MODELS LAB,TEXUDO,NY 10987. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Otsyula, M (reprint author), NATL MUSEUMS KENYA,INST PRIMATE RES,BOX 24481,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 90 IS 6 BP 659 EP 661 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA WA224 UT WOS:A1996WA22400013 PM 9039281 ER PT J AU Mebrahtu, YB Beach, RF Lawyer, PG Perkins, PV AF Mebrahtu, YB Beach, RF Lawyer, PG Perkins, PV TI The blood-feeding behaviour of Phlebotomus martini (Diptera: Psychodidae): Is it a question of photoperiodism or circadian rhythm? SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,ARMED FORCES PEST MANAGEMENT BOARD,FOREST GLEN SECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP Mebrahtu, YB (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,FORBES BLDG 410,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 90 IS 6 BP 665 EP 668 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA WA224 UT WOS:A1996WA22400015 PM 9039283 ER PT J AU Villanacci, JF Beauchamp, R Perrotta, DM Hendricks, K Rodriguez, M Dutton, RJ Sutton, K Simpson, DM Richards, K Nelson, D Crespin, F Sewell, CM Bartzen, M Senini, L Richardson, S Waterman, S Lombera, MG Rumz, MA Cravioto, P Saldate, O Flores, G AF Villanacci, JF Beauchamp, R Perrotta, DM Hendricks, K Rodriguez, M Dutton, RJ Sutton, K Simpson, DM Richards, K Nelson, D Crespin, F Sewell, CM Bartzen, M Senini, L Richardson, S Waterman, S Lombera, MG Rumz, MA Cravioto, P Saldate, O Flores, G TI Mercury poisoning associated with beauty cream - Texas, new Mexico, and California, 1995-1996 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 CDC,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,OFF BORDER HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. CDC,DIV EPIDEMIOL EVALUAT & PLANNING,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,PUBL HLTH DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. SAN DIEGO CTY HLTH DEPT,SAN DIEGO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. HLTH SERV TAMPAULIPAS,TAMPAULIPAS,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Villanacci, JF (reprint author), CDC,BUR EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 132 IS 12 BP 1533 EP 1534 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA VX641 UT WOS:A1996VX64100034 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Howanitz, PJ Renner, SW AF Steindel, SJ Howanitz, PJ Renner, SW TI Reasons for proficiency testing failures in clinical chemistry and blood gas analysis - A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study in 665 laboratories SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE AB Objective.-To determine the reasons for proficiency testing (PT) failures from 41 chemistry and blood gas analytes using data collected to benchmark performance. Design.-Self-administered survey requesting number of challenges by analyte encompassing nine PT events. When the challenge resulted in a self-defined failure, further information was requested concerning the magnitude of the failure (as a standard deviation index) and categorization of the type of failure into six major groups (Methodologic, Technical, Clerical, Survey, Unexplained, or Other) and then into subgroups. Participants.-Laboratories enrolled in the 1992 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes program. Main Outcome Measures.-Rate of PT failures and reasons for failure. Results.-Proficiency testing data from 670 489 challenges performed in 665 laboratories revealed 9268 (1.4%) unacceptable results. Failure types were distributed as follows: Methodologic, 33.5%; Technical, 17.4%; Clerical, 11.1%; Survey, 7.8%; Unexplained, 25.7%; and Other, 7.4%. Conclusions.-Individual analyte PT failure is a common event in the participating laboratories, but failures in successive or alternate events are rare. Analysis of the reasons for failed events indicates that most identified reasons occurred in either the Methodologic or Technical categories (50.9%). Analysis of the failure types suggested investigation pathways based on the magnitude of the failure that could reduce the 25.7% rate of unexplained failures. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. W LOS ANGELES VET ADM HOSP,LAB SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 120 IS 12 BP 1094 EP 1101 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA WQ053 UT WOS:A1996WQ05300006 PM 15456173 ER PT J AU Rodewald, LE Szilagyi, PG Humiston, SG Raubertas, RF Wassilak, S Roghmann, RJ Hall, CB AF Rodewald, LE Szilagyi, PG Humiston, SG Raubertas, RF Wassilak, S Roghmann, RJ Hall, CB TI Effect of emergency department immunizations on immunization rates and subsequent primary care visits SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; VACCINATION STATUS; OPPORTUNITIES; DEPARTMENTS; INFLUENZA; ACCURACY; MEASLES; PROGRAM; IMPACT AB Background: The Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices recommend the routine use of emergency department (ED) encounters for screening the immunization status of children and, if indicated, immunizing them. Objective: To test the hypothesis that ED immunizations will improve immunization rates without decreasing subsequent primary care visits. Design: A randomized controlled trial of 2 interventions. Children (aged 6-36 months) (n=1835;) were enrolled in the study in the ED; informed consent was obtained from their parents. They were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: (1) the control group (n=614), in which no intervention was undertaken, (2) the letter group (n=610), in which a letter to the primary care physician was written indicating the child's estimated likelihood of being underimmunized; and (3) the ED vaccination group (n=611), in which, based on a decision rule, those likely to be underimmunized were offered immunizations in the ED. After randomization, parents were interviewed in the ED using a decision rule to estimate the likelihood of the child being underimmunized. One year after enrollment in the study, the medical records of the children at their primary care sites were reviewed to determine the immunization status of the children and primary care use patterns. Setting: An urban ED and 54 primary care sites in Monroe County, New York. Results: The mean age of the participants was 17.9 months. Medical record review-verified underimmunization rates at the time of the ED visit were 33%, 31%, and 28% for the control, letter, and ED vaccination groups, respectively. The demographic characteristics and baseline immunization rates were not different among study groups. According to the decision rule, 248 children (41%) in the ED vaccination group were likely to be underimmunized. Parents of these 248 children were offered immunizations for their children; 117(47%) accepted, and their children were immunized (with 230 separate immunizations). One month after the ED visits, the underimmunization rates of the study groups were 31%, 28% (P=.40 compared with the control group), and 23% (P=.002). One year later, these rates were 28%, 25% (P=.20), and 25% (P=.20). No clinically meaningful differences were present at either of these times. One year after the ED visit, no differences in the rates of primary care use were found among groups. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the immunization of children in this ED was ineffective at raising their immunization rates; primary care attendance was also unaltered. Major obstacles were as follows: (1) an inability to ascertain accurately the immunization status in the ED and (2) a high rate of parental refusal to accept immunizations in the ED. The standards should be modified to de-emphasize the ED as a routine immunization site for children with access to primary care. Efforts and resources should be directed toward strengthening the primary care system and tracking immunization status. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,ROCHESTER,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT BIOSTAT,ROCHESTER,NY. RP Rodewald, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MS-E52,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U66/CCU 201907] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 150 IS 12 BP 1271 EP 1276 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VX017 UT WOS:A1996VX01700006 PM 8953999 ER PT J AU Reeves, MJ Newcomb, PA TrenthamDietz, A Storer, BE Remington, PL AF Reeves, MJ Newcomb, PA TrenthamDietz, A Storer, BE Remington, PL TI Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and protection against colorectal cancer in women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS; LARGE-BOWEL CANCER; ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; ASPIRIN USE; COLON-CANCER; REDUCED RISK; BREAST-CANCER; PROSTAGLANDINS; SULINDAC AB Several epidemiological studies have identified an association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and colorectal cancer risk in women, We examined this association in a population-based case-control study in Wisconsin women, Between 1991 and 1992, 184 women ages 40-74 years with colorectal cancer were identified through the statewide cancer registry and 293 population-based control women were randomly selected via telephone, Regular NSAID use was defined as at least twice weekly for 12 months or longer, After adjusting the data for age, controls were more likely than cases to report regular NSAID use (38 versus 27%), Following adjustment for age, prior sigmoidoscopy use, family history of large bowel cancer, and body mass index, women who regularly used NSAIDs were approximately one-third less likely to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer compared to women who did not use NSAIDs [odds ratio (OR), 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40-1.03], A statistically significant effect of duration of use was identified, although the ORs did not show a consistent trend, No significant effect of frequency of NSAID use was observed, When the type of NSAID used was examined (aspirin or nonaspirin), subjects who used nonaspirin compounds had a statistically significantly lower risk of colorectal cancer (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.89), compared to nonusers, whereas aspirin users had only a small, nonsignificant reduction in cancer risk (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.36), These data add support to the hypothesis that regular NSAID use is associated with lower colorectal cancer risk in women and suggest that the type of NSAID used may be important. C1 BUR PUBL HLTH,WISCONSIN DIV HLTH,SECT CHRON DIS & HLTH PROMOT,MADISON,WI 53703. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,MADISON,WI 53706. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47147] NR 37 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 12 BP 955 EP 960 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VX384 UT WOS:A1996VX38400002 PM 8959316 ER PT J AU Binkin, NJ Zuber, PLF Wells, CD Tipple, MA Castro, KG AF Binkin, NJ Zuber, PLF Wells, CD Tipple, MA Castro, KG TI Overseas screening for tuberculosis in immigrants and refugees to the United States: Current status SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The number of reported cases of tuberculosis (TB) in foreign-born persons in the United States during 1995 was 8,042, 36% of the national total. The overseas screening of immigrants and refugee visa applicants, which relies on a chest radiograph and smear microscopy is designed to identify future U.S. residents who have active TB or who are at high risk for TB. In this commentary, we summarize current policies and review retrospective evaluations of the screening system currently in place. The system appears to detect most persons who have active TB at the time of screening. However, active TB is actually diagnosed in <15% of persons who art identified by screening as having suspected TB and who are evaluated in the United States. To improve the system, more sensitive and specific techniques as well as improved means of data transmission to state and local health departments are needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Binkin, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV AIDS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB P,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1226 EP 1232 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VV276 UT WOS:A1996VV27600002 PM 8953062 ER PT J AU Lamprecht, VM GrummerStrawn, L AF Lamprecht, VM GrummerStrawn, L TI Development of new formulas to identify the fertile time of the menstrual cycle SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE calendar method; fertile phase; natural family planning; periodic abstinence AB The calendar method is perceived to be less effective than other methods of family planning. A large existing data set was used to determine how well the fertile time is identified using the traditional calendar method formula and to determine if better formulas could be developed to identify the fertile time more accurately and require less abstinence. We compared the traditional formula with three alternatives, two of which were developed for this analysis. All three alternative formulas performed better than the traditional formula in identifying the presumed fertile time. The result of our analysis is a summary table which can be used to select the best rules for testing the effectiveness of the calendar method. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,DEPT DEMOG,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA. RP Lamprecht, VM (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,INST REPROD HLTH,GEORGETOWN CTR,6TH FLOOR,2115 WISCONSIN AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 1996 VL 54 IS 6 BP 339 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(96)00202-8 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA VX374 UT WOS:A1996VX37400004 PM 8968662 ER PT J AU Salamina, G Donne, ED Niccolini, A Poda, G Cesaroni, D Bucci, M Fini, R Maldini, M Schuchat, A Swaminathan, B Bibb, W Rocourt, J Binkin, N Salmaso, S AF Salamina, G Donne, ED Niccolini, A Poda, G Cesaroni, D Bucci, M Fini, R Maldini, M Schuchat, A Swaminathan, B Bibb, W Rocourt, J Binkin, N Salmaso, S TI A foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis involving Listeria monocytogenes SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Late Breaker Session of the 33rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT, 1993 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; INFECTION; FOOD; SEPTICEMIA; CHEESE AB An outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in Italy among 39 persons who had attended a private supper. All guests were previously healthy, young, non-pregnant adults; 18 (46%) had symptoms, mostly gastrointestinal (78%), with a short incubation period. Four were hospitalized with acute febrile gastroenteritis, two of whom had blood cultures positive for Listeria monocytogenes. No other microorganisms were recovered from the hospitalized patients' specimens. Epidemiological investigation identified rice salad as the most likely vehicle of the food-borne outbreak. L. monocytogenes was isolated from three leftover foods, the kitchen freezer and blender. Isolates from the patients, the foods and the freezer were indistinguishable: serotype 1/2b, same phage type and multilocus enzyme electrophoretic type. Eight (36%) of 22 guests tested were found to have antibodies against L. monocytogenes, compared with none of 11 controls from the general population. This point source outbreak was probably caused by infection with L. monocytogenes. Unusual features included the high attack rate among immunocompetent adults and the predominance of gastrointestinal symptoms. C1 UNITA SANITARIA LOCALE 25,BOLOGNA,ITALY. PRESIDIO MULTIZONALE PREVENZ,BOLOGNA,ITALY. OSPED BENTIVOGLIO,LAB ANAL,BOLOGNA,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. INST PASTEUR,CTR COLLABORATEUR OMS LISTERIOSE ORIGINE ALIMENTA,PARIS,FRANCE. RP Salamina, G (reprint author), IST SUPER SANITA,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT LAB,VIALE REGINA ELENA 299,I-00161 ROME,ITALY. NR 30 TC 111 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 117 IS 3 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VZ412 UT WOS:A1996VZ41200004 PM 8972666 ER PT J AU BergmireSweat, D Barnett, BJ Harris, SL Taylor, JP Mazurek, GH Reddy, V AF BergmireSweat, D Barnett, BJ Harris, SL Taylor, JP Mazurek, GH Reddy, V TI Tuberculosis outbreak in a Texas prison, 1994 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID YORK-STATE PRISON; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; PRIMARY-SCHOOL; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; SYSTEM; CITY; JAIL AB In 1994 a Texas prison containing a population of mentally retarded inmates experienced a large tuberculosis outbreak. Fifteen cases of tuberculosis were identified (8 confirmed by positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and more than 100 inmates became infected. The culture-confirmed patients were infected with an identical strain of tuberculosis as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based DNA fingerprinting technique. The prison followed standard tuberculosis infection control policies, but these controls were inadequate to prevent tuberculosis transmission in this special population. Two hundred and thirty inmates (119 inmates showing evidence of new tuberculosis infection or active disease and 111 healthy controls) were enrolled in the investigation. Inmate cell assignments, job duties, and educational classes were identified and medical chart reviews were conducted on all inmates. Tuberculosis transmission was associated with residing on the D Wing of the prison (OR = 25.84, P < 0.01), attending school in Classroom A (OR = 8.34, P = 0.01) and working on the prison utility work crew (OR = 2.52, P < 0.01). The index case in the outbreak had been prescribed 6 months of isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis in 1988. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,TYLER,TX 75710. RP BergmireSweat, D (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,1100 W 49TH ST,AUSTIN,TX 78756, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 117 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VZ412 UT WOS:A1996VZ41200011 PM 8972673 ER PT J AU Simondon, F Yam, A Gagnepain, JY Wassilak, S Danve, B Cadoz, M AF Simondon, F Yam, A Gagnepain, JY Wassilak, S Danve, B Cadoz, M TI Comparative safety and immunogenicity of an acellular versus whole-cell pertussis component of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in senegalese infants SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TITER MEASLES-VACCINES; MORTALITY; TOXIN AB A diphtheria and tetanus toroid two-component acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), consisting of 25 mu g glutaraldehyde-detoxified pertussis toxin (PT) and 25 mu g native filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), was compared with diphtheria and tetanus toroid whole-cell pertussis vaccine (DTwP) in a randomized, double-blind manner in 286 Senegalese infants inoculated at two, four, and six months of age, In infants receiving DTaP a significantly lower rate of local reactions, crying and fever was observed than in infants receiving DTwP. One month after the third dose, the geometric mean titres for FHA antibodies were higher in the DTaP group, whereas increases in PT antibody titres were higher in the DTwP group, More than 90% of the infants had a fourfold or more increase in antibodies to both PT and FHA with either vaccine, Diphtheria, tetanus, and polio antibody responses were also measured and found to be comparable between the two groups, The results of this pilot study support the implementation of a field trial to compare the protective efficacy of these vaccines against pertussis in the same setting. C1 ORSTOM,UNITE RECH MALAD INFECT & PARASITAIRES,F-34032 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. PASTEUR MERIEUX SERUMS & VACCINS,LYON,FRANCE. RP Simondon, F (reprint author), ORSTOM,INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,UNITE RECH MALAD INFECT & PARASITAIRES,DAKAR,SENEGAL. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU MMW MEDIZIN VERLAG GMBH PI MUNICH PA MUNCHEN, SUBSCRIPTION DEPT, D-81664 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 15 IS 12 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.1007/BF01690510 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA WE499 UT WOS:A1996WE49900004 PM 9031875 ER PT J AU Gorman, MJ Cornel, AJ Collins, FH Paskewitz, SM AF Gorman, MJ Cornel, AJ Collins, FH Paskewitz, SM TI A shared genetic mechanism for melanotic encapsulation of CM-Sephadex beads and a malaria parasite, Plasmodium cynomolgiB, in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; Plasmodium cynomolgi B; mosquito; malaria; melanotic encapsulation; refractoriness; insect immunity; genetics; Sephadex beads ID SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS; REFRACTORY STRAIN; B-STRAIN; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; MIDGUT AB A Plasmodium-refractory strain of Anopheles gambiae that melanizes ookinetes and intrathoracically inoculated CM-Sephadex beads was mated to a Plasmodium-susceptible strain that does not melanize the parasite or the beads. The F-1 progeny were then backcrossed to the susceptible strain. Backcross progeny were given a blood meal containing infective Plasmodium cynomolgi B, and the parasites were allowed to develop for 6-7 days, at which time the infected mosquitoes were injected with CM-Sephadex beads. The next day the mosquitoes were dissected and the beads were scored for degree of melanization while the parasites were scored for degree of encapsulation. A Spearman rank order correlation rest of the degree of correlation between the bead melanization phenotype and the parasite encapsulation phenotype gave a correlation coefficient of 0.74 (P < 0.01). This strong correlation between the two melanization responses suggests that the mechanisms for differential bead and parasite melanization of these two mosquito strains share at least one major gene. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. RP Gorman, MJ (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT ENTOMOL,RUSSELL LABS 237,1630 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [2PO1 AI28781-06, AI07414-01, R01 AI37083-01A1] NR 14 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 84 IS 3 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1006/expr.1996.0126 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA VW081 UT WOS:A1996VW08100008 PM 8948327 ER PT J AU Gazmararian, JA Koplan, JP AF Gazmararian, JA Koplan, JP TI Length-of-stay after delivery: Managed care versus fee-for-service SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-Association-of-Health-Plans / Agency-for-Health-Care-Policy-and-Research Meeting CY MAR 29, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Agcy Hlth Care Policy & Res ID HOME PHOTOTHERAPY; EARLY DISCHARGE; HOSPITALIZATION; ORGANIZATION; OUTCOMES; NEWBORN; PLANS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PRVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROJECT HOPE-HEALTH AFFAIRS PI SYRACUSE PA PO BOX 8015, SYRACUSE, NY 13217 SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD WIN PY 1996 VL 15 IS 4 BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.15.4.74 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA VV019 UT WOS:A1996VV01900008 PM 8991256 ER PT J AU Brownson, RC Mack, NE Meegama, NI Pratt, M Brownson, CA Deans, C Dabney, S Luke, DA AF Brownson, RC Mack, NE Meegama, NI Pratt, M Brownson, CA Deans, C Dabney, S Luke, DA TI Changes in newspaper coverage of cardiovascular health issues in conjunction with a community-based intervention SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE PREVENTION PROJECT; STANFORD 5-CITY PROJECT; PROMOTION PROGRAMS; HEART; EDUCATION; DESIGN; LIFE AB Numerous community-based prevention projects, with significant media components, have been conducted over the past decade. Multiple evaluation strategies have been used to document the effectiveness of these interventions, including intermediate measures of community impact such as assessment of media coverage, As part of the evaluation of a community-based intervention (the Bootheel Heart Health Project), dissemination of information on cardiovascular disease (CVD) was measured through a media content analysis of newspapers, Data were analyzed from 23 newspapers in six rural counties in southeastern Missouri for the period October 1988 through August 1993. An increase was observed in CVD-related coverage in the pre-intervention period (mean articles per month = 31.5) compared with the postintervention period (mean articles per month = 50.7) (F = 10.2; P = 0.003). In supporting data from a separate randomized risk factor survey of 1510 residents in the same area, respondents reported hearing of heart health coalitions primarily through local newspapers. The current study documents increasing print media coverage of cardiovascular health issues in a high-risk, rural area and shows that media content analysis can be a useful evaluation tool in community-based interventions. C1 MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,MO 65203. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH JOURNALISM,CTR ADV SOC RES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,PROGRAM OCCUPAT THERAPY,ST LOUIS,MO 63108. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,POPLAR BLUFF,MO 63901. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,ST LOUIS,MO 63108. ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,PREVENT RES CTR,ST LOUIS,MO 63108. OI Luke, Douglas/0000-0003-1332-8569 NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1093/her/11.4.479 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VZ609 UT WOS:A1996VZ60900008 PM 10163956 ER PT J AU Nolte, KB Foucar, K Richmond, JY AF Nolte, KB Foucar, K Richmond, JY TI Hantaviral biosafety issues in the autopsy room and laboratory: Concerns and recommendation SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; pathology; autopsy; biosafety; aerosol ID KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PULMONARY SYNDROME; DISEASE; AGENT AB The need to perform autopsies on and examine laboratory specimens from patients with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) has raised questions about biosafety. Human illness associated with hantaviruses is usually the result of exposure to infectious aerosols from saliva or excreta of wild rodents. It is unclear whether or nor certain autopsy and laboratory procedures can also generate similar potentially infectious aerosols. As the biosafety information developed for the HPS agent is limited and the consequences of infection are serious we recommend a cautious approach. Autopsy prosectors should use N-95 particulate respirators as a minimum standard. If aerosols will be generated they should use N-100 particulate respirators or powered air purifying respirators with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. Centrifugation and cytocentrifugation of blood or body fluid samples should be performed in bio-contained systems and these specimen containers should be opened in a class II biological safety cabinet. Copyright (C) 1996 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HLTH & SAFETY,ATLANTA,GA. RP Nolte, KB (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,OFF MED INVESTIGATOR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1253 EP 1254 DI 10.1016/S0046-8177(96)90332-9 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA VX746 UT WOS:A1996VX74600002 PM 8958293 ER PT J AU Eichenbaum, Z Muller, E Morse, SA Scott, JR AF Eichenbaum, Z Muller, E Morse, SA Scott, JR TI Acquisition of iron from host proteins by the group A Streptococcus SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; PATHOGENIC BACTERIA; TOXIC-SHOCK; INFECTIONS; TRANSPORT AB To identify mammalian iron-binding proteins that can serve as iron sources for Streptococcas pyogenes, the group A streptococcus (GAS), we used a plate assay. Ferritin, hemin, hemoglobin, myoglobin, and catalase can support growth of GAS on iron-depleted medium. However, growth was not detected when iron was provided as iron-saturated transferrin or lactoferrin or bound to cytochrome c. Therefore, it appears that GAS can use the intracellular iron sources available in the human body, which is consistent with its ability to cause tissue destruction during infection. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Eichenbaum, Zehava/A-7627-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37-AI20723]; NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM008490] NR 24 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 64 IS 12 BP 5428 EP 5429 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VU635 UT WOS:A1996VU63500081 PM 8945602 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Kilmarx, PH Jernigan, DB Ostroff, SM AF Butler, JC Kilmarx, PH Jernigan, DB Ostroff, SM TI Perspectives in fatal epidemics SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS-PULMONARY-SYNDROME; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; EBOLA-VIRUS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; RENAL SYNDROME; OUTBREAK AB This article discusses four epidemics of fatal infectious diseases: a 1993 cluster of deaths among previously healthy persons in the southwestern United States that led to the identification of a new clinical syndrome, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; the first epidemic of Ebola hemorrhagic fever identified in nearly two decades occurring in 1995 in Zaire, which resulted in 317 cases with a mortality rate of 77%; an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease among cruise ship passengers in 1994; and a 1989 cluster of illnesses among nonhuman primates in Reston, Virginia leading to the identification of a new strain of Ebola virus. In each outbreak, the public hearth emergency was recognized and reported by alert clinicians, and the control of disease was facilitated through rapid, coordinated responses involving multiple agencies. Such collaboration between clinical and public health entities and among various agencies will be increasingly needed as surveillance and diagnostic capabilities for emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are enhanced around the world. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DBMB, CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH, 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 EI 1557-9824 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 10 IS 4 BP 917 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70333-0 PG 0 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VX665 UT WOS:A1996VX66500013 PM 8958175 ER PT J AU Shapiro, CN Tokars, JI Chamberland, ME Benson, DR Glasser, DB Gristina, AG Lane, JM Luck, JV Malinin, T Nelson, C Robb, WJ AF Shapiro, CN Tokars, JI Chamberland, ME Benson, DR Glasser, DB Gristina, AG Lane, JM Luck, JV Malinin, T Nelson, C Robb, WJ TI Use of the hepatitis-B vaccine and infection with hepatitis B and C among orthopaedic surgeons SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; OCCUPATIONAL RISK; SEROPREVALENCE; IMMUNIZATION; ANTIBODIES AB We used a questionnaire, with a guarantee of anonymity to the respondents, and conducted serological testing of 3411 attendees at the 1991 Annual Meeting of The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons to evaluate the prevalences of infection with the hepatitis-B and C viruses and the use of the hepatitis-B vaccine among orthopaedic surgeons. There was evidence of infection with hepatitis B in 410 (13 per cent) of 3239 participants who had reported having no non-occupational risk factors; 2103 (65 per cent) reported that they had been immunized with the hepatitis-B vaccine. Of 3262 participants who reported having no non-occupational risk factors and who were evaluated for infection with hepatitis C, twenty-seven (less than 1 per cent) tested positive for the antibody to the hepatitis-C virus. The prevalence of previous infection with hepatitis B increased with increasing age; four (3 per cent) of 136 surgeons who were twenty to twenty-nine years old had evidence of infection, whereas ninety-six (27 per cent) of 360 surgeons who were sixty years old or more had evidence of infection. The prevalence of infection with hepatitis C also increased with increasing age; none of 135 surgeons who were twenty to twenty-nine years old had evidence of infection, and five (1 per cent) of 360 surgeons who were sixty years old or more had evidence of the virus. The prevalence of vaccination decreased steadily with age: 123 (90 per cent) of 136 surgeons who were twenty to twenty-nine years old reported that they had received the hepatitis-B vaccine, whereas 127 (35 per cent) of 360 surgeons who were sixty years old or more reported that they had received the vaccine. The prevalence of infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C was not associated with the measured indices of exposure to the blood of patients (the number of cutaneous or mucosal contacts with blood that had occurred within the previous month or the number of percutaneous injuries that had occurred within the previous month or year, as recalled by the participants). In conclusion, the prevalence of immunization with the hepatitis-B vaccine was high among the orthopaedic surgeons studied. Although the prevalence of infection with the hepatitis-C virus was several times greater in the current investigation than has been reported in studies of blood donors in the United States, infection with this virus was not associated with the indices of occupational exposure to blood measured in this study. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Shapiro, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MS G-37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOURNAL BONE JOINT SURGERY INC PI NEEDHAM PA 20 PICKERING ST, NEEDHAM, MA 02192 SN 0021-9355 J9 J BONE JOINT SURG AM JI J. Bone Joint Surg.-Am. Vol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 78A IS 12 BP 1791 EP 1800 PG 10 WC Orthopedics; Surgery SC Orthopedics; Surgery GA VZ333 UT WOS:A1996VZ33300001 PM 8986655 ER PT J AU Morris, T Robertson, B Gallagher, M AF Morris, T Robertson, B Gallagher, M TI Rapid reverse transcription-PCR detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum by using the TaqMan fluorogenic detection system SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NON-A-HEPATITIS; VIRAL-RNA; CHIMPANZEES; SEQUENCES; ANTIBODY; PROBE; ASSAY AB We describe the application of a new fluorogenic probe-based PCR assay (TaqMan; Perkin EImer Corp./Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) for the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum and plasma. This assay allows for the direct detection of specific PCR products within minutes of completion of the PCR by monitoring the increase in fluorescence of a dye-labeled oligonucleotide probe. We evaluated this assay by comparing the results obtained by nested PCR with those obtained by TaqMan PCR Test samples included two separate dilutions series of plasma samples from experimentally infected chimpanzees and a panel of 48 serum specimens from patients with community-acquired hepatitis C virus. The quantity of HCV RNA in each chimpanzee plasma sample was determined by using branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification assay (Quantiplex HCV RNA assay; Chiron Corp., Emeryville, Calif.). Both PCR assays demonstrated similar levels of detection and could reliably detect 13 bDNA genome equivalents per sample. We found an overall concordance of 88% between results of the two PCR assays with the community-acquired panel, which resolved to 100% when discrepant samples were retested by nested PCR. TaqMan compared favorably with nested PCR with key advantages of speed, increased throughput, and decreased opportunity for false-positive results because of elimination of second-round amplification. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2933 EP 2936 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VV005 UT WOS:A1996VV00500012 PM 8940425 ER PT J AU Floyd, MM Guthertz, LS Silcox, VA Duffey, PS Jang, Y Desmond, EP Crawford, JT Butler, WR AF Floyd, MM Guthertz, LS Silcox, VA Duffey, PS Jang, Y Desmond, EP Crawford, JT Butler, WR TI Characterization of an SAV organism and proposal of Mycobacterium triplex sp nov SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GENUS MYCOBACTERIUM; AMPLIFIED DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; AMPLIFICATION; PHYLOGENY AB Polyphasic taxonomic methods were employed to characterize a new species of slowly growing, nonpigmented mycobacteria. We propose the name Mycobacterium triplex sp. nov. for this new taxon. Conventional identification testing demonstrated a group of similar organisms that were geographically widespread in the United States. Commercially available nucleic-acid probes specific for the Mycobacterium avium complex were unreactive for these strains. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the mycolic acids revealed mycolate profiles that closely resembled Mycobacterium simiae. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence data confirmed the phylogenetic relationship of the strains with the slowly growing mycobacteria. Representative-type strains have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 70071. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,MICROBIAL DIS LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP Floyd, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS,STD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2963 EP 2967 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VV005 UT WOS:A1996VV00500018 PM 8940431 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, DR Nottay, B Yang, CF Yang, SJ Mulders, MN Holloway, BP Pallansch, MA Kew, OM AF Kilpatrick, DR Nottay, B Yang, CF Yang, SJ Mulders, MN Holloway, BP Pallansch, MA Kew, OM TI Group-specific identification of polioviruses by PCR using primers containing mixed-base or deoxyinosine residues at positions of codon degeneracy SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; DIFFERENTIATION; TYPE-1; RNA; ENTEROVIRUSES; PICORNAVIRUSES AB We have developed a method for differentiating polioviruses from nonpolio enteroviruses using PCR. A pair of panpoliovirus PCR primers were designed to match intervals encoding amino acid sequences within VP1 that are strongly conserved among polioviruses. The initiating primer hybridizes with codons of a 7-amino-acid sequence that has been found only in polioviruses; the second primer matches codons of a domain thought to interact with the cell receptor. The panpoliovirus PCR primers contain mixed-base and deoxyinosine residues to compensate for the high degeneracy of the targeted codons. All RNAs from 48 vaccine-related and 110 wild poliovirus isolates of all three serotypes served as efficient templates for amplification of the 79-bp product. None of the genomic sequences of 49 nonpolio enterovirus reference strains were amplified under equivalent reaction conditions. Sensitivities of poliovirus detection were as low as 100 fg (equivalent to similar to 25,000 genomic copies or 25 to 250 PFU) when the amplified products were visualized by ethidium bromide fluorescence. These degenerate PCR primers should aid in the detection of all polioviruses, including those wild poliovirus isolates for which genotype-specific reagents are unavailable. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,VIROL LAB,NL-3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RP Kilpatrick, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 60 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 12 BP 2990 EP 2996 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VV005 UT WOS:A1996VV00500023 PM 8940436 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Novy, C Hiott, M AF Miller, JM Novy, C Hiott, M TI Case of bacterial endophthalmitis caused by an Agrobacterium radiobacter-like organism SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; BACTEREMIA; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; CATHETER; CHILD AB A case of postsurgical endophthalmitis caused by Agrobacterium radiobacter in a 70-year-old male is reported. A. radiobacter organisms are normally environmental bacteria but may occasionally be opportunistic pathogens. Infection in this case occurred after the patient was discharged following routine cataract surgery. The infection cleared after empiric therapy by intraocular administration of vancomycin and gentamicin. C1 BON SECOURS ST FRANCIS XAVIER HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,CHARLESTON,SC. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 12 BP 3212 EP 3213 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VV005 UT WOS:A1996VV00500062 PM 8940475 ER PT J AU Horsburgh, CR Hanson, DL Jones, JL Thompson, SE AF Horsburgh, CR Hanson, DL Jones, JL Thompson, SE TI Protection from Mycobacterium avium complex disease in human immunodeficiency virus - Infected persons with a history of tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULARE COMPLEX; BCG-VACCINATION; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; SURVIVAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS; BACTEREMIA; EXPOSURE AB Risk of Mycobacterium avium complex disease was examined in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with and without a history of tuberculosis, Information was obtained by retrospective review of charts of patients in HIV clinics in 10 US cities. Among 1363 patients with <200 CD4 cells/mm(3) seen at Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH), 11 (17%) of 66 with a history of a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test acquired M. avium infection, while 29 (16%) of 185 who were PPD-negative (but not anergic) did not (P = .85). Only 4 (8%) of 49 GMH patients with a history of tuberculosis acquired M. avium infection compared with 252 (19%) of 1314 GMH patients without a history of tuberculosis (P = .05), Proportional hazards analysis of risk factors for M. avium infection among 441 persons with and 8702 persons without a history of tuberculosis in 9 other cities confirmed protection from M. avium infection in persons with a history of tuberculosis (relative risk, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.76; P < .001), Prior tuberculosis provides protection against M. avium infection in HIV-infected persons, possibly by stimulation of antimycobacterial immunity. C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30335. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Horsburgh, CR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1212 EP 1217 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VV272 UT WOS:A1996VV27200010 PM 8940211 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Goldman, DP Wells, TG Kobayashi, JM Herwaldt, BL AF Dworkin, MS Goldman, DP Wells, TG Kobayashi, JM Herwaldt, BL TI Cryptosporidiosis in Washington State: An outbreak associated with well water SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In 1994, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in a rural community in Washington State where water was supplied by two deep unchlorinated wells. Confirmed case-patients had a stool specimen containing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Probable case-patients had diarrhea lasting greater than or equal to 5 days. Sixty-two households (68.1% of 91) responded to a survey, Eighty-six cases (15 confirmed, 71 probable) were identified, for an attack rate of 50.9% (86/169 residents). Drinking unboiled well water was associated with being a case-patient (relative risk, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-3.82), and a significant dose-response relationship was found between water consumption and illness (P = .004). Water that was presumed to be treated wastewater from a piped irrigation system was found dripping along one well's outer casing, which was extensively rusted. Presumptive Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in well water and in treated wastewater. This investigation demonstrates that even underground water systems are vulnerable to contamination. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,SECT COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA. MADIGAN ARMY MED CTR,PREVENT MED SERV,TACOMA,WA 98431. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV DRINKING WATER,SPOKANE,WA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1372 EP 1376 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VV272 UT WOS:A1996VV27200037 PM 8940238 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Turf, E Hu, J Barrett, E Dai, XM Monroe, S Humphrey, C Pickering, LK Matson, DO AF Jiang, X Turf, E Hu, J Barrett, E Dai, XM Monroe, S Humphrey, C Pickering, LK Matson, DO TI Outbreaks of gastroenteritis in elderly nursing homes and retirement facilities associated with human caliciviruses SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human calicivirus; Snow Mountain agent; outbreak of gastroenteritis; enzyme immunoassay; rMX antigen; diarrhea ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; SNOW MOUNTAIN AGENT; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; CAPSID ANTIGEN; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; CLASSIFICATION; VOLUNTEERS AB Eleven outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, eight of which were in nursing homes or retirement facilities, were reported in Virginia during the winter of 1993-1994. Serum samples (four outbreaks) and stool samples (two outbreaks) from involved people were tested for human calicivirus (HuCV) infection by enzyme immune assays (EIAs) using recombinant Norwalk virus (rNV) and Mexico virus (rMX) capsid antigens and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of the 31 pairs of acute and convalescent serum specimens tested, 24 had a fourfold or more titer increase to rMX and 4 responded to rNV. In all four outbreaks, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) against rMX were significantly higher than those against rNV in the covalescent, but not in the acute phase of illness. The antibody response to rMX among these patients was also higher than to rNV (summary mean 32-fold increase vs. 0.7-fold increase, respectively, P<.001). Antigen was detected in 5 of 21 stool specimens tested by the rMX EIA, RNA in 12 of 17 stool specimens tested by RT-PCR, and small round structured virus (SRSV) particles in 12 of 21 by electron microscopy (EM); none were positive by the rNV EIA. Sequence analysis of the RT-PCR-amplified products from the viral RNA polymerase region revealed 92-93% amino acid identity with Snow Mountain agent (SMA), 86% with MX, 58-59% with NV, and 31-32% with Sapporo HuCV, suggesting that these viruses belong to the SMA HuCV genogroup. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA 23501. DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 28855]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-13021-16] NR 34 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 50 IS 4 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199612)50:4<335::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA VV624 UT WOS:A1996VV62400009 PM 8950691 ER PT J AU Stevenson, MR Schieber, RA AF Stevenson, MR Schieber, RA TI Preventing non-family child abductions: Are children aware they are being followed? SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Australia, the United States, and other developed countries, offer elementary school programs that heighten childrens' awareness about the possibility of abduction. To examine the effectiveness of such programs, an investigation was conducted of the proportion of elementary school children previously taught about ''stranger'' abduction and who detected they were being followed. Fifteen children were observed on four separate occasions during a seven-month period. Only 3% of the observations were detected by children. Several reasons are proposed for the poor detection rate, and recommendations for elementary school programs are made. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Stevenson, MR (reprint author), CURTIN UNIV TECHNOL,SCH PUBL HLTH,PERTH,WA 6001,AUSTRALIA. OI Stevenson, Mark/0000-0003-3166-5876 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 66 IS 10 BP 359 EP 360 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VZ898 UT WOS:A1996VZ89800003 PM 8981264 ER PT J AU Kann, L Warren, CW Harris, WA Collins, JL Williams, BI Ross, JG Kolbe, LJ AF Kann, L Warren, CW Harris, WA Collins, JL Williams, BI Ross, JG Kolbe, LJ TI Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance - United States, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, 1996) SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Reprint AB Priority health-risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth and adults often are established during youth, extend into adulthood and are interrelated. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors sir categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults: behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes both a national school-based survey conducted by CDC and stare and local school-based surveys conducted by state and local education agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 35 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students from February through May 1995. In the United States, 72% of all deaths among school-age youth and young adults result from four causes: motor vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1995 YRBSS suggest that many high school students practice behaviors that may increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 21.7% had rarely or never used a safety belt, 38.8% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey, 20.0% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey, 51.6% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey, 25.3% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey, and 8.7% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among school-age youth and young adults also result from unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection. YRBSS results indicate that in 1995, 53.1% of high school students had experienced sexual intercourse, 45.6% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse, and 2.0% had ever injected an illegal drug. Among adults, 65% of all deaths result from three causes: heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Most of the risk behaviors associated with these causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1995, 34.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey, 39.5% had eaten more than two servings of foods typically high in fat content during the day preceding the survey, and only 25.4% had attended physical education class daily. YRBSS data are being used nationwide by health and education officials to improve national, state, and local policies and programs designed to reduce risks associated with the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 21 national health objectives and one of eight National Education Goals. C1 WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. MACRO INT,CALVERTON,MD. RP Kann, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 66 IS 10 BP 365 EP 377 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VZ898 UT WOS:A1996VZ89800005 PM 8981266 ER PT J AU Murphy, WJ Tubis, A Talmadge, CL Long, GR Krieg, EF AF Murphy, WJ Tubis, A Talmadge, CL Long, GR Krieg, EF TI Relaxation dynamics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions perturbed by external tones .3. Response to a single tone at multiple suppression levels SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Letter ID OSCILLATORS AB The relaxation dynamics of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) interacting with an external tone have been successfully described using a van der Pol limit cycle oscillator model [Murphy et al., J. Acoust. Sec. Am. 97, 3702-3710 (1995) and Murphy ct al., J. Acoust. Sec. Am.. 97, 3711-3720 (1995)]. Data were collected for an SOAE interacting with a single-frequency ipsilateral suppressor. Transitions between different suppressed states were achieved by adding or removing signal at the suppressor frequency. The relaxation dynamics of the van der Pol model provided a good fit to the data. (C) 1996 Acoustical Society of America. C1 PURDUE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PURDUE UNIV, DEPT AUDIOL & SPEECH SCI, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP Murphy, WJ (reprint author), NIOSH, DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI, BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC 00307] NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 100 IS 6 BP 3979 EP 3982 DI 10.1121/1.417217 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA VX674 UT WOS:A1996VX67400050 PM 8969492 ER PT J AU Montana, E Khoury, MJ Cragan, JD Sharma, S Dhar, P Fyfe, D AF Montana, E Khoury, MJ Cragan, JD Sharma, S Dhar, P Fyfe, D TI Trends and outcomes after prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac malformations by fetal echocardiography in a well defined birth population, Atlanta, Georgia, 1990-1994 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Objectives. In this study we used a population-based approach to assess the impact of fetal echocardiography on a well defined birth population with nearly complete ascertainment of cardiac defects. Background. Although fetal echocardiography is being used more frequently in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac malformations, its impact on the diagnosis and surveillance of cardiac defects has not been described in defined populations. Methods. All stillborn and live-born infants with diagnosed cardiac defects and whose mothers resided in the metropolitan Atlanta area from January 1990 through December 1994 were ascertained through an established birth defects surveillance system. All fetuses with cardiac defects diagnosed prenatally by a pediatric cardiologist were identified from clinical records. The spectrum of cardiac defects, diagnostic trends and adverse fetal outcomes were described. Results. We identified 1,589 infants with congenital cardiac malformations, for a live-birth prevalence rate of 8.1/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8 to 8.6). Overall, 97 (6.1%) of these cases of cardiac malformations were diagnosed prenatally. The proportion of cardiac defects diagnosed prenatally rose from 2.6% in 1990 to 12.7% in 1994, a nearly fivefold increase. The proportion of cardiac defects diagnosed prenatally during the study varied by the type of defect, from a low of 4.7% for atrial septal defects to a high of 28% for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Prenatally diagnosed cardiac malformations were associated,vith a high incidence of infant mortality (30.9%, 95% CI 2.4 to 5.4) and fetal wastage (17.5%, 95% CI 6.2 to 11.3). Conclusions. These data show that fetal echocardiography is being used increasingly in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital cardiac malformations in metropolitan Atlanta. Few pregnancy terminations were reported as a result of such diagnoses. However, the study had limited power (10%) to detect a meaningful decrease in birth prevalence rates for congenital heart disease. In addition, survival of infants was not improved after prenatal diagnosis with fetal echocardiography. (C) 1996 by the American College of Cardiology C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Montana, E (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CHILDRENS HEART CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,2040 RIDGEWOOD DR NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 6 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1805 EP 1809 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VY325 UT WOS:A1996VY32500024 PM 8962570 ER PT J AU MarcellinLittle, DJ Sellon, RK Kyles, AE Lemons, CL Kaufman, L AF MarcellinLittle, DJ Sellon, RK Kyles, AE Lemons, CL Kaufman, L TI Chronic localized osteomyelitis caused by atypical infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CANINE BLASTOMYCOSIS AB Blastomycosis is most often a result of inhalation of fungal conidia, with hematogenous spread of the organism to other organs. Localized blastomycosis may result from direct inoculation of the organism. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MarcellinLittle, DJ (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT COMPAN ANIM & SPECIAL SPECIES MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. OI Marcellin-Little, Denis/0000-0001-6596-5928 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 1 PY 1996 VL 209 IS 11 BP 1877 EP 1879 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA VU592 UT WOS:A1996VU59200014 PM 8944801 ER PT J AU Moore, PS Gao, SJ Dominguez, G Cesarman, E Lungu, O Knowles, DM Garber, R Pellett, PE McGeoch, DJ Chang, Y AF Moore, PS Gao, SJ Dominguez, G Cesarman, E Lungu, O Knowles, DM Garber, R Pellett, PE McGeoch, DJ Chang, Y TI Primary characterization of a herpesvirus agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (vol 70, pg 551, 1996) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK HOSP,CORNELL MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. PATHOGENESIS CORP,SEATTLE,WA 98119. MRC,VIROL UNIT,INST VIROL,GLASGOW G11 5JR,LANARK,SCOTLAND. RP Moore, PS (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,DEPT MICROBIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. RI Chang, Yuan/F-4146-2011; Gao, Shou-Jiang/B-8641-2012 NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 70 IS 12 BP 9083 EP 9083 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA VT704 UT WOS:A1996VT70400106 ER PT J AU Dick, EJ Kittell, CL Meyer, H Farrar, PL Ropp, SL Esposito, JJ Buller, RML Neubauer, H Kang, YH McKee, AE AF Dick, EJ Kittell, CL Meyer, H Farrar, PL Ropp, SL Esposito, JJ Buller, RML Neubauer, H Kang, YH McKee, AE TI Mousepox outbreak in a laboratory mouse colony SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MICE INNATELY RESISTANT; ECTROMELIA VIRUS; INBRED MICE; LETHAL INFECTION; INCLUSION-BODY; COWPOX VIRUS; PROTEIN AB Mousepox was diagnosed in and eradicated from a laboratory mouse colony at the Naval Medical Research Institute. The outbreak began with increased mortality in a single room; subsequently, small numbers of animals in separate cages in other rooms were involved. Signs of disease were often mild, and overall mortality was low; BALB/cByJ mice were more severely affected, and many of them died spontaneously. Conjunctivitis was the most common clinical sign of disease in addition to occasional small, crusty scabs on sparsely haired or hairless areas of skin. Necropsy findings included conjunctivitis, enlarged spleen, and pale liver. Hemorrhage into the pyloric region of the stomach and proximal portion of the small. intestine was observed in experimentally infected animals. In immune competent and immune deficient mice, the most common histologic finding was multifocal to coalescing splenic necrosis; necrosis was seen less frequently in liver, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Necrosis was rarely observed in ovary, vagina, uterus, colon, or lung. Splenic necrosis often involved over 50% of the examined tissue, including white and red pulp. Hepatic necrosis was evident as either large, well-demarcated areas of coagulative necrosis or as multiple, random, interlacing bands of necrosis. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were seen in conjunctival mucosae and haired palpebra. Ectromelia virus was confirmed as the causative agent of the epizootic by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, animal inoculations, serologic testing, virus isolation, and polymerase chain reaction. Serologic testing was of little value in the initial stages of the outbreak, although 6 weeks later, orthopoxvirus-specific antibody was detected in colony mice by indirect fluorescent antibody and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures. The outbreak originated from injection of mice with a contaminated, commercially produced, pooled mouse serum. The most relevant concern may be the unknown location of the source of the virus and the presence of a reservoir for this virus within the United States. C1 USN, MED RES INST, TECH SERV DEPT, BETHESDA, MD USA. FED ARMED FORCES MED ACAD, INST MICROBIOL, MUNICH, GERMANY. ST LOUIS UNIV, HLTH SCI CTR, SCH MED, DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA. ST LOUIS UNIV, HLTH SCI CTR, SCH MED, DEPT COMPARAT MED, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 46 IS 6 BP 602 EP 611 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA WC741 UT WOS:A1996WC74100002 PM 9001171 ER PT J AU Christian, M Colston, MJ Ellard, GA Ferracci, CAP Grosset, JH Grossetete, G Iyer, CGS Jacobson, RR Ji, BH Lwin, K Leiker, DL Levy, L Noordeen, SK Pattyn, SR Pearson, JMH Rees, RJW Sansarricq, H Seshadri, PS Seydel, JK Shepard, CC Waters, MFR AF Christian, M Colston, MJ Ellard, GA Ferracci, CAP Grosset, JH Grossetete, G Iyer, CGS Jacobson, RR Ji, BH Lwin, K Leiker, DL Levy, L Noordeen, SK Pattyn, SR Pearson, JMH Rees, RJW Sansarricq, H Seshadri, PS Seydel, JK Shepard, CC Waters, MFR TI Response to treatment by multidrug regimens in the THELEP controlled clinical drug trials SO LEPROSY REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LEPROSY AB During the period 1977-1983, clinical trials of five multidrug regimens were conducted among 215 patients with previously untreated multibacillary leprosy at the Institut Marchoux, Bamako, Mall, and the Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chingleput, South India. The trials were designed primarily to permit measurement of the proportions of persisting Mycobacterium leprae in the patients' skin lesions. In addition, the combination of the large number of patients studied, the large volume of carefully standardized data, and the employment of multidrug regimens provided a unique opportunity to measure the clinical response of patients to treatment by these regimens. Persisting M. leprae were detected in 7.8% of all specimens; the frequency did not vary with centre, regimen, or duration of treatment. The bacterial index CBI) decreased by a mean annual rate of 75%, the logarithmic biopsy index by a mean annual rate of 87%, and the logarithm(10) number of acid-fast bacilli per g tissue by a mean annual rate of 69%. The rate of decrease of these measures of the numbers of M. leprae was related to the 'strength' of the regimen. Although no difference of clinical status as a function of regimen was demonstrated, a difference was observed between the two centres, probably the result of different clinical criteria employed by the responsible physicians. A change of histopathological classification in the course of the trials was recorded for 12% of the patients. most representing upgrading from LL(8) to BL, without relation to regimen or treatment centre. ENL was less severe for the patients treated by the maximal regimen in Chingleput, which included daily clofazimine as expected, the majority of patients treated by this regimen were found to have maximal pigmentation. Prednisolone was evidently preferred for treatment of ENL In Chingleput, whereas thalidomide was preferred in Bamako. Fourteen cases of jaundice were observed, primarily among the patients treated by the maximal regimens, that included daily administration of rifampicin for the entire two years of the trials. Measurements of weight and blood pressure, and studies of the blood and of hepatic and urinary tract function revealed only negligible differences among regimens and between centres. In many cases, those differences that were observed were associated with ENL. C1 NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. INST MARCHOUX,BAMAKO,MALI. UNIV PARIS 06,PARIS,FRANCE. NATL HANSENS DIS CTR,CARVILLE,LA. MINIST HLTH,RANGOON,MYANMAR. ROYAL TROP INST,NL-1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH MED SCH,IL-91010 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. DHOOLPET LEPROSY RES CTR,HYDERABAD,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. BORSTEL RES INST,BORSTEL,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. HOSP TROP DIS,LONDON NW1 0PE,ENGLAND. NATL INST MED RES,LAB LEPROSY & MYCOBACTERIAL RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. SLADE HOSP,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP Christian, M (reprint author), SCHIEFFELIN LEPROSY RES & TRAINING CTR,KARIGIRI,INDIA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEPRA PI COLCHESTER PA FAIRFAX HOUSE, CAUSTON ROAD, COLCHESTER, ENGLAND CO1 1PU SN 0305-7518 J9 LEPROSY REV JI Lepr. Rev. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 67 IS 4 BP 260 EP 279 PG 20 WC Dermatology; Infectious Diseases; Pathology; Tropical Medicine SC Dermatology; Infectious Diseases; Pathology; Tropical Medicine GA WG076 UT WOS:A1996WG07600003 ER PT J AU Guris, D Mccready, J Watson, JC Atkinson, WL Heath, JL Bellini, WJ Polloi, A AF Guris, D Mccready, J Watson, JC Atkinson, WL Heath, JL Bellini, WJ Polloi, A TI Measles vaccine effectiveness and duration of vaccine-induced immunity in the absence of boosting from exposure to measles virus SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE measles; measles vaccine; vaccine effectiveness; duration of vaccine-induced immunity; immunization; outbreak; Palau; micronesia ID RISK-FACTORS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FAILURES; EFFICACY; ANTIBODY AB Background. It is unknown whether vaccine-induced immunity is lifelong in the absence of periodic exposure to measles virus. After 27 years of no known exposure to measles, an outbreak in Palau in 1993 offered the opportunity to study this issue and the measles vaccine effectiveness. Methods. Household contacts of a sample of confirmed cases were interviewed for exposure, symptoms and vaccination status verified by records. Serum from symptomatic contacts was tested for measles antibodies. Results. Among 78 contacts 4 of 5 (80%) unvaccinated, 4 of 35 (11%) 1-dose vaccine recipients and none of 38 (0%) >1-dose recipients developed measles. Effectiveness of 1-dose vaccine was 86% (95% confidence interval, 60 to 95%). An additional dose significantly reduced the risk of measles (P = 0.048). Time since vaccination was not a significant risk factor for developing measles (relative risk, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 9.4; persons vaccinated >15 years ago vs. <5 years ago). Conclusions. Similar to the estimates previously obtained in the area, measles vaccine effectiveness in Palau was lower than the estimates obtained in the US. A second dose of vaccine further reduced the risk for developing measles. We found no evidence that waning immunity was an important problem in this limited population with no known previous exposure to measles virus. The small number of vaccinated contacts precludes a definitive assessment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Guris, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1082 EP 1086 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VY110 UT WOS:A1996VY11000005 PM 8970216 ER PT J AU Clemens, J Albert, MJ Rao, M Huda, S Qadri, F VanLoon, FPL Pradhan, B Naficy, A Banik, A AF Clemens, J Albert, MJ Rao, M Huda, S Qadri, F VanLoon, FPL Pradhan, B Naficy, A Banik, A TI Sociodemographic, hygienic and nutritional correlates of Helicobacter pylori infection of young Bangladeshi children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter pylori; Bangladesh; infection; nutrition; hygiene ID PERUVIAN CHILDREN; LIVING-CONDITIONS; RISK; CHILDHOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHOLERA; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE AB Background. By the age of 10 years most children in developing countries have been infected by Helicobacter pylori Identification of clues to modes of transmission of this organism to children, as well as evaluation of the sequelae of childhood infections, constitute important research priorities for developing countries. Objectives. To evaluate demographic, socioeconomic and hygienic factors associated with acquisition of infection by H. pylori early in childhood among Bangladeshi children ages 2 to 5 years and to assess whether infection by H. pylori was associated with poor nutritional status in these children and in an older group ages 6 to 9 years. Methods. A random population-based survey of 257 rural Bangladeshi children ages 2 to 5 years and 312 children ages 6 to 9 years, Seropositivity for H. pylori, as manifested by the presence of serum IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies, was correlated with nutritional status of the sampled children and with sociodemographic features and access to clean water and latrine facilities among families of the children. Results. Among children ages 2 to 5 years, the 123 (48%) who were infected by A pylori were similar to the 134 noninfected children with respect to socioeconomic level, family access to tube well water and family ownership of a latrine, However, families of infected children had more persons per sleeping room in the home (3.8 vs. 3.2, P < 0.05) and were more likely to be Hindu (20% vs. 10%, P < 0.05), Infected children did not differ significantly from noninfected children in Z scores for weight-for-age (-2.66 vs, -2.78), weight-for-height (-1.17 vs. -1.28) or height-for-age (-3.58 vs, -3.56), Analysis of survey children ages 6 to 9 years also revealed similar nutritional indexes among infected vs, noninfected children. Conclusions. Household crowding and behaviors that differ between Hindus and Muslims, but not lack of access to clean water and latrines, may enhance the transmission of H. pylori to rural Bangladeshi children, Although confirming the high frequency of infections in young Bangladeshi children, our findings do not support the notion that H. pylori is responsible for the high prevalence of malnutrition in this setting. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Clemens, J (reprint author), NICHHD,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,6100 EXECUT BLVD,ROOM 7B03,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1097/00006454-199612000-00012 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VY110 UT WOS:A1996VY11000011 PM 8970222 ER PT J AU Guyer, B Strobino, DM Ventura, SJ MacDorman, M Martin, JA AF Guyer, B Strobino, DM Ventura, SJ MacDorman, M Martin, JA TI Annual summary of vital statistics - 1995 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; death; infant mortality; child population ID INFANT SLEEP POSITION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; SURFACTANT AB Recent trends in the vital statistics of the United States continued in 1995, including decreases in the number of births, the birth rate, the age-adjusted death rate, and the infant mortality rate; life expectancy at birth increased to a level equal to the record high of 75.8 years in 1992. Marriages and divorces both decreased. An estimated 3 900 089 infants were born during 1995, a decline of 1% from 1994. The preliminary birth rate for 1995 was 14.8 live births per 1000 total population, a 3% decline, and the lowest recorded in nearly two decades. The fertility rate, which relates births to women in the childbearing ages, declined to 65.6 live births per 1000 women 15 to 44 years old, the lowest rate since 1986. According to preliminary data for 1995, fertility rates declined for all racial groups with the gap narrowing between black and white rates. The fertility rate for black women declined 7% to a historic low level (71.7); the preliminary rate for white women (64.5) dropped just 1%. Fertility rates continue to be highest for Hispanic, especially Mexican-American, women. Preliminary data for 1995 suggest a 2% decline in the rate for Hispanic women to 103.7. The birth rate for teenagers has now decreased for four consecutive years, from a high of 62.1 per 1000 women 15 to 19 years old in 1991 to 56.9 in 1995, an overall decline of 8%. The rate of childbearing by unmarried mothers dropped 4% from 1994 to 1495, from 46.9 births per 1000 unmarried women 15 to 44 years old to 44.9, the first decline in the rate in nearly two decades. The proportion of all births occurring to unmarried women dropped as well in 1995, to 32.0% from 32.6% in 1994. Smoking during pregnancy dropped steadily from 1989 (19.5%) to 1994 (14.6%), a decline of about 25%. Prenatal care utilization continued to improve in 1995 with 81.2% of all mothers receiving care in the first trimester compared with 78.92 in 1993. Preliminary data for 1995 suggests continued improvement to 81.2%. The percent of infants delivered by cesarean delivery declined slightly to 20.8% in 1995. The percent of low birth weight (LBW) infants continued to climb in 1994 rising to 7.3%, from 7.2% in 1993. The proportion of LEW improved slightly among black infants, declining from 13.3% to 13.2% between 1993 and 1994. Preliminary figures for 1995 suggest continued decline in LEW for black infants (13.0%). The multiple birth ratio rose to 25.7 per 1000 births for 1994, an increase of 2% over 1993 and 33% since 1980. Age-adjusted death rates in 1995 were lower for heart disease, malignant neoplasms, accidents, and homicide. Although the total number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection deaths increased sightly from 42 114 in 1994 to an estimated 42 506 in 1995, the age-adjusted death rate for HIV infection did not increase, which may indicate a leveling off of the steep upward trend in mortality from HIV infection since 1987. Nearly 15 000 children between the ages of 1-14 years died in the United States (US) in 1995. The death rate for children 1 to 4 years old in 1995 was 40.4 per 100 000 population aged 1 to 4 years, 6% lower than the rate of 42.9 in 1994. The 1995 death rate for 5- to 14-year-olds was 22.1, 2% lower than the rate of 22.5 in 1994. Since 1979, death rates have declined by 37% for children I to 4 years old, and by 30% for children 5 to 14 years old. For children 1 to 4 years old, the leading cause of death was injuries, which accounted for an estimated 2277 deaths in 1995, 36% of all deaths in this age group. Injuries were the leading cause of death for 5- to 14-year-olds as well, accounting for an even higher percentage (41%) of all deaths. in 1995, the preliminary infant mortality rate was 7.5 per 1000 live births, 6% lower than 1994, and the lowest ever recorded in the US. The decline occurred for neonatal as well as postneonatal mortality rates, and among white and black infants alike. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rates have dropped precipitously since 1992, when the American Academy of Pediatrics issued recommendations that infants be placed on their backs or sides to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. SIDS dropped to the third leading cause of infant death in 1994 after being the second leading cause of death since 1980. Infant mortality rates (IMRs) have also declined rapidly for respiratory distress syndrome since 1989, concurrent with the widespread availability of new treatments for this condition. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Guyer, B (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,624 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 44 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1996 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1019 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VW531 UT WOS:A1996VW53100001 PM 8951248 ER PT J AU Ziring, PR Brazdziunas, D dePijem, LG LaCamera, R Poncher, JR Quint, RD Randall, V Ruppert, E Sandler, AD Arango, P Gaebler, D Garner, C Hollowell, JG McPherson, M Wheeler, LSM Perrin, J Felice, ME Boulter, S Kaplan, DW Olmedo, LF RomeAsbeck, E Shenker, IR Staggers, BC Hillard, P Sarles, R Sacks, D Leavitt, S Greydanus, D AF Ziring, PR Brazdziunas, D dePijem, LG LaCamera, R Poncher, JR Quint, RD Randall, V Ruppert, E Sandler, AD Arango, P Gaebler, D Garner, C Hollowell, JG McPherson, M Wheeler, LSM Perrin, J Felice, ME Boulter, S Kaplan, DW Olmedo, LF RomeAsbeck, E Shenker, IR Staggers, BC Hillard, P Sarles, R Sacks, D Leavitt, S Greydanus, D TI Transition of care provided for adolescents with special health care needs SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB This policy statement describes how the pediatrician can work closely with patients with special health care needs and their families as an advocate and educator to help them adapt positively to an adult-focused system of health care. Issues in health care transitions including independence and dependence, education and vocational issues, insurance issues and limitations, Social Security, and hospitalization are outlined. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1996 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1203 EP 1206 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VW531 UT WOS:A1996VW53100038 ER PT J AU Halsey, NA Chesney, PJ Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Marks, MI Murray, DL Overall, JC Pickering, LK Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Hall, CB Berkelman, RL Breiman, R Hardegree, MC Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Orenstein, WA Rabinovich, NR AF Halsey, NA Chesney, PJ Gerber, MA Gromisch, DS Kohl, S Marcy, SM Marks, MI Murray, DL Overall, JC Pickering, LK Whitley, RJ Yogev, R Peter, G Hall, CB Berkelman, RL Breiman, R Hardegree, MC Jacobs, RF MacDonald, NE Orenstein, WA Rabinovich, NR TI Prevention of hepatitis A infections: Guidelines for use of hepatitis A vaccine and immune globulin SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; A VACCINE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; SAFETY; TRAVELERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TOLERABILITY AB The licensing of two inactivated hepatitis A vaccines for persons 2 years or older necessitates development of recommendations for pediatric use, as well as a review of the current indications for immune globulin (IG) in hepatitis A prophylaxis.(1-4) Both vaccines are immunogenic and protective in children and adults. A single dose of vaccine induced antibody in 88% to 96% of subjects by 2 weeks and 97% to 100% by 1 month, and protected against subsequent hepatitis A virus (HAV) disease occurring 21 days after receipt of the dose in a community with endemic hepatitis A infection. However, completion of the full vaccine schedule is recommended to assure high antibody titers and likely long-term protection. The major pediatric indications for vaccine are: (1) travelers to areas with intermediate to high rates of endemic hepatitis A, (2) children living in defined and circumscribed communities with high endemic rates or periodic outbreaks of HAV infection, and (3) patients with chronic liver disease. Immune globulin is recommended for postexposure prophylaxis, as vaccine has not yet been demonstrated to be protective for this purpose. Except for travelers, recommendations for IG use are not changed from those in the current edition of the Red Book, and include contacts of cases in the home, child care centers, and other selected sites. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 50 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 1996 VL 98 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1215 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VW531 UT WOS:A1996VW53100039 ER PT J AU Vu, V Barrett, JC Roycroft, J Schuman, L Dankovic, D Baron, P Martonen, T Pepelko, W Lai, D AF Vu, V Barrett, JC Roycroft, J Schuman, L Dankovic, D Baron, P Martonen, T Pepelko, W Lai, D TI Chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity testing of respirable fibrous particles SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID WORKSHOP AB On May 8-10, 1995, a workshop on chronic inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity testing of respirable fibrous particles was held in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, The workshop was sponsored by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in collaboration with the National institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The goal of the workshop was to obtain input from the scientific community on a number of issues related to fiber testing. Major issues for discussion were: (i) the optimal design and conduct of studies of the health effects of chronic inhalation exposure of animals to fibers; (ii) preliminary studies which would be useful guides in designing the chronic exposure study; (iii) mechanistic studies which would be important adjuncts to the chronic exposure study to enable better interpretation of study results and extrapolation of potential effects in exposed humans; and (iv) available screening tests which can be used to develop a minimum data set for (a) making decisions about the potential health hazard of the fibers and (b) prioritizing the need for further testing in a chronic inhalation study. After extensive discussion and debate of the workshop issues, the general consensus of the expert panel is that chronic inhalation studies of fibers in the rat are the most appropriate tests for predicting inhalation hazard and risk of fibers to humans. A number of guidances specific for the design and conduct of prechronic and chronic inhalation studies of fibers in rodents were recommended, For instance, it was recommended that along with other information (decrease in body weight, systemic toxicity, etc.), data should be obtained on lung burdens and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis to assist in establishing the chronic exposure levels, Lung burden data are also important for quantifying aspects of risk assessment related to dosimetric adjustments before extrapolation. Although mechanistic studies are not recommended as part of the standard chronic inhalation studies, the expert panel stressed the need for obtaining mechanistic information as far as possible during the course of subchronic or chronic inhalation studies. At present, no single assay and battery of short-term assays can predict the outcome of a chronic inhalation bioassay with respect to carcinogenic effects. Meanwhile, several short-term in vitro and in vivo studies that may be useful to assess the relative potential of fibrous substances to cause lung toxicity/carcinogenicity have been identified. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US EPA,OFF POLLUT PREVENT & TOX 7403,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. US EPA,OFF RES & DEV,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 24 IS 3 BP 202 EP 212 DI 10.1006/rtph.1996.0128 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA WA825 UT WOS:A1996WA82500003 PM 8975745 ER PT J AU Craun, G Dufour, A Eisenberg, J Foran, J Gauntt, C Gerba, C Haas, C Highsmith, A Irbe, R Julkunen, P Juranek, D LeChevallier, M Levine, M Macler, B Murphy, P Payment, P Pfaender, F Regli, S Roberson, A Rose, J Schaub, S Schiff, G Seed, J Smith, C Sobsey, M Spear, R Walls, I AF Craun, G Dufour, A Eisenberg, J Foran, J Gauntt, C Gerba, C Haas, C Highsmith, A Irbe, R Julkunen, P Juranek, D LeChevallier, M Levine, M Macler, B Murphy, P Payment, P Pfaender, F Regli, S Roberson, A Rose, J Schaub, S Schiff, G Seed, J Smith, C Sobsey, M Spear, R Walls, I TI A conceptual framework to assess the risks of human disease following exposure to pathogens SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE pathogen risk assessment; microbial; framework ID DRINKING-WATER AB Currently, risk assessments of the potential human health effects associated with exposure to pathogens are utilizing the conceptual framework that was developed to assess risks associated with chemical exposures. However, the applicability of the chemical framework is problematic due to many issues that art: unique to assessing risks associated with pathogens. These include, but are not limited to, an assessment of pathogen/host interactions, consideration of secondary spread, consideration of short- and long-term immunity, and an assessment of conditions that allow the microorganism to propagate. To address this concern, a working group was convened to develop a conceptual framework to assess the risks of human disease associated with exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. The framework that was developed consists of three phases: problem formulation, analysis (which includes characterization of exposure and human health effects), and risk characterization. The framework emphasizes the dynamic and iterative nature of the risk assessment process, and allows wide latitude for planning and conducting risk assessments in diverse situations, each based on the common principles discussed in the framework. C1 ILSI,RISK SCI INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. GLOBAL CONSULTING ENVIRONM HLTH,RADFORD,VA. US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ 85721. DREXEL UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NUTRASWEET CO,MT PROSPECT,IL 60056. COCA COLA CO,ATLANTA,GA. AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC SERV CO,VOORHEES,NJ. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. US EPA,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV QUEBEC,ST FOY,PQ G1V 2M3,CANADA. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC. AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC. UNIV FLORIDA,ST PETERSBURG,FL. JAMES N GAMBLE INST MED RES,CINCINNATI,OH. CHARLOTTE SMITH & ASSOCIATES,VENICE,FL. NATL FOOD PROCESSORS ASSOC,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. NR 13 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 16 IS 6 BP 841 EP 848 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA VY703 UT WOS:A1996VY70300013 ER PT J AU GrummerStrawn, LM Kalasopatan, S Sungkur, J Friedman, J AF GrummerStrawn, LM Kalasopatan, S Sungkur, J Friedman, J TI Infant feeding patterns on Mauritius Island, 1991 SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE breast-feeding; supplemental feeding; Mauritius; trends ID HEALTH AB The 1991 Mauritius Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (CPS) included a special module on infant feeding patterns in Mauritius. Since 1985, when a similar CPS was conducted, the incidence of breast-feeding has fallen from 86% to 72%. The duration of any breast-feeding among those breast-fed remained constant at 13.6 months. The module allowed for an assessment of the World Health Organization (WHO) breast-feeding indicators on exclusive breast-feeding, timely complementary feeding and continued breast-feeding. Only 16% of infants 0-3 months old are exclusively breast-fed; only 29% of infants 6-9 months old receive breast milk and complementary foods and only 27% of children 12-15 months are still breast-fed. These patterns of limited breast-feeding and early supplementation may signal future declines in breast-feeding for other African and Asian countries. C1 UNIV MAURITIUS,SCH SOCIAL STUDIES & HUMAN,REDUIT,MAURITIUS. MINIST HLTH,FAMILY PLANNING MATERNAL CHILD HLTH DIV,EVALUAT UNIT,PORT LOUIS,MAURITIUS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BEHAV EPIDEMIOL & DEMOG RES BRANCH,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GrummerStrawn, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BRANCH,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1697 EP 1702 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00066-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA VX732 UT WOS:A1996VX73200002 PM 8961413 ER PT J AU Boyle, JP Thompson, TJ AF Boyle, JP Thompson, TJ TI Age-test Markov chains for drug testing and detection SO SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID URINARY-EXCRETION; HUMANS; BENZOYLECGONINE; COCAINE; SMOKING AB Random urinalysis strategies stratified by time since the last test are characterized with a set of Markov chain models. The probability of a person being tested depends on the amount of time since the person's last test. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has proposed a two strata drug testing strategy based on time since last test. The proposal included a high testing rate for people not yet tested in a given time period and a low testing rate for people testing negative in a given time period. Southern California Edison has implemented a variation of the NRC proposal. These strategies can be modeled within a Markov chain framework, Time to detection is calculated as a function of testing probabilities and drug usage levels. Drug user gaming strategies are discussed with illustrations. These models are implemented as part of a U.S. Navy drug policy analysis system. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,ATLANTA,GA 30341. USN,CTR PERSONNEL RES & DEV,SAN DIEGO,CA 92152. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-0121 J9 SOCIO ECON PLAN SCI JI Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 30 IS 4 BP 303 EP 313 DI 10.1016/S0038-0121(96)00022-5 PG 11 WC Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA VV902 UT WOS:A1996VV90200005 ER PT J AU Noterdaeme, L Bigawa, S Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Ollevier, F AF Noterdaeme, L Bigawa, S Steigerwalt, AG Brenner, DJ Ollevier, F TI Numerical taxonomy and biochemical identification of fish associated motile Aeromonas spp. SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas; fish isolates; taxonomy; biochemical identification ID GENUS AEROMONAS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SP-NOV; MESOPHILIC AEROMONADS; STRAINS; HYDROPHILA; PATHOGENICITY; RELATEDNESS; SCHUBERTII; VERONII AB Four hundred and thirty-right Aeromonas, 31 Vibrio and 3 Plesiomonas strains isolated from moribund and healthy fish, water samples and humans, including 36 reference strains, were compared using numerical taxonomy based on 128 unit characters. Data were examined by the simple matching (S-SM) and Jaccard (S-J) coefficients, and by unweighted average linkage clustering. As expected, Aeromonas spp. were clearly distinct from those of Vibrio and Plesiomonas. The motile Aeronomas spp., i. e. Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii biotype sobria formed discrete homogeneous clusters, distinct from the nonmotile species Aeromonas salmonicida. Furthermore, A. caviae was divided into two biotypes with D-mannose fermentation as the most important differentiating characteristic. Of the recently described species, A. veronii biotype veronii (type strain ATCC 35624) was phenotypically closest to A. hydrophila, although from DNA:DNA hybridisation studies it was classified within the A. sobria group. Aeromonas schubertii (type strain ATCC 43 700) was well defined and formed a single member cluster The phenotypic boundaries of Aeromonas media (type strain ATCC 33907) and Aeromonas eucrenophila (type strain CDC 0859-83) were not clear. All the fish isolates (n = 208) were identified, with A. hydrophila predominating (43.8%), followed by A. veronii biotype sobria (26.9%), A. caviae biotype I (16.3%), A, salmonicida (6.7%), A, sobria (HG7) (2.9%), A. caviae biotype II (2.4%), and A. veronii biotype veronii (1%). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Noterdaeme, L (reprint author), CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,INST ZOOL,LAB ECOL & AQUACULTURE,NAAMSESTR 59,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 19 IS 4 BP 624 EP 633 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WD411 UT WOS:A1996WD41100016 ER PT J AU Rocha, A Addiss, D Ribeiro, ME Noroes, J Baliza, M Medeiros, Z Dreyer, G AF Rocha, A Addiss, D Ribeiro, ME Noroes, J Baliza, M Medeiros, Z Dreyer, G TI Evaluation of the Og4C3 ELISA in Wuchereria bancrofti infection: Infected persons with undetectable or ultra-low microfilarial densities SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Wuchereria bancrofti; filariasis; microfilaria; Og(4)C(3); ELISA ID CIRCULATING ANTIGEN; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; FILARIASIS; POPULATION AB The recently developed Og(4)C(3) ELISA, which detects circulating Wuchereria bancrofti antigen, appears promising for use in epidemiological surveys, but its sensitivity is unknown in persons with ultra-low microfilarial densities. We used the Og(4)C(3) to test the sera of 282 persons who were microfilaria-positive in 1-16 ml of blood, Is persons who were microfilaria-negative but who had ultrasonographic or biopsy evidence of adult W. bancrofti infection, and 63 lifelong residents of a non-endemic area of Brazil. A total of 276 (97.9%) persons with detectable microfilaraemia tested positive (optical density >0.033). At microfilarial densities of <1, 1-30, and >30 microfilariae per ml of blood, the sensitivity of the Og(4)C(3) was 72.2, 97.6 and 100%, respectively (chi(2)-test for trend, P<10(-6)). The assay was positive in 66.7% of amicrofilaraemic persons with evidence of adult worm infection and in one (1.6%) of 63 residents of the non-endemic area (specificity, 98.4%) Our findings support the increasingly widespread use of the Og(4)C(3) for field investigations and epidemiological assessments. However, the sensitivity of the assay may be low in persons who are microfilaria-negative or with densities of <1 microfilaria per ml. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS AGGEU MAGALHAES,DEPT PARASITOL,BR-50670420 RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV FED PERNAMBUCO,HOSP CLIN,SERV UROL,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. OI waluyo, imam/0000-0002-1813-9487 NR 15 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 1996 VL 1 IS 6 BP 859 EP 864 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VZ213 UT WOS:A1996VZ21300019 PM 8980602 ER PT J AU Zuber, PLF Knowles, LS Binkin, NJ Tipple, MA Davidson, PT AF Zuber, PLF Knowles, LS Binkin, NJ Tipple, MA Davidson, PT TI Tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in Los Angeles County, 1992-1994 SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of foreign-born tuberculosis (TB) cases in Los Angeles County and to evaluate current TB screening and follow-up of immigrants and refugees (I&R) to the USA. Design: Retrospective analysis of the Los Angeles County TB registry between October 1992 and December 1994, We matched all cases who entered the USA during fiscal year 1993 (FY93) with a database from the tracking system of I&R with suspected TB. Results: Foreign-born persons accounted for 64% of all reported TB cases, Half were born in Mexico or Central America, Standardized incidence rates were 3-5 times higher than those of US-born persons for Mexicans and Central Americans, 6-7 times higher for North-east Asians, and 10-15 times higher for Southeast Asians, Among foreign-born cases who arrived during FY93,5% of the Mexicans and Central Americans, 48% of the North-east Asians and 67% of the South-east Asians were registered by the tracking system. Conclusion: Mexicans and Central Americans accounted for the majority of cases but had a lower incidence of TB than Asians, The current screening procedures identify a large proportion of cases among recently arrived South-east Asians, but contribute little to the control of TB among Mexicans and Central Americans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV QUARENTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 77 IS 6 BP 524 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0962-8479(96)90050-7 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA WA633 UT WOS:A1996WA63300008 PM 9039445 ER PT J AU Schieber, RA BrancheDorsey, CM Ryan, GW Rutherford, GW Stevens, JA ONeil, J AF Schieber, RA BrancheDorsey, CM Ryan, GW Rutherford, GW Stevens, JA ONeil, J TI Risk factors for injuries from in-line skating and the effectiveness of safety gear SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background Of the estimated 22.5 million people participating in in-line skating in the United States in 1995, about 100,000 were sufficiently injured to require emergency department care. We investigated the effectiveness of wrist guards, elbow pads, knee pads, and helmets in preventing skating injuries. Methods We used data from the 91 hospital emergency departments participating in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a national probability sample of randomly selected hospitals with 24-hour emergency departments. Injured in-line skaters who sought medical attention between December 1992 and July 1993 were interviewed by telephone. We conducted a case-control study of skaters who injured their wrists, elbows, knees, or heads as compared with skaters with injuries to other parts of their bodies. Results Of 206 eligible injured subjects, 161 (78 percent) were interviewed. Wrist injuries were the most common (32 percent); 25 percent of all injuries were wrist fractures. Seven percent of injured skaters wore all the types of safety gear; 46 percent wore none. Forty-five percent wore knee pads, 33 percent wrist guards, 28 percent elbow pads, and 20 percent helmets. The odds ratio for wrist injury, adjusted for age and sex, for those who did not wear wrist guards, as compared with those who did, was 10.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.9 to 36.9). The odds ratio for elbow injury, adjusted for the number of lessons skaters had had and whether or not they performed trick skating, was 9.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.6 to 34.4) for those who did not wear elbow pads. Nonuse of knee pads was associated with a nonsignificant increase in the risk of knee injury (crude odds ratio, 2.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 7.2). The effectiveness of helmets could not be assessed. Conclusions Wrist guards and elbow pads are effective in protecting in-line skaters against injuries. (C)1996, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL & HLTH SCI,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Schieber, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,MAILSTOP K-63,4770 BUFORD HWY,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 28 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 22 BP 1630 EP 1635 DI 10.1056/NEJM199611283352202 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV936 UT WOS:A1996VV93600002 PM 8929359 ER PT J AU Jenson, HB Leach, CT Montalvo, EA Lin, JC Murphy, SB AF Jenson, HB Leach, CT Montalvo, EA Lin, JC Murphy, SB TI Absence of herpesvirus in AIDS-associated smooth-muscle tumors SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; DNA-SEQUENCES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. RP Jenson, HB (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 28 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 22 BP 1690 EP 1690 DI 10.1056/NEJM199611283352218 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VV936 UT WOS:A1996VV93600030 PM 8965873 ER PT J AU Comer, JA Flynn, C Regnery, RL Vlahov, D Childs, JE AF Comer, JA Flynn, C Regnery, RL Vlahov, D Childs, JE TI Antibodies to Bartonella species in inner-city intravenous drug users in Baltimore, MD SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE INFECTION; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV; DOMESTIC CAT; ENDOCARDITIS; QUINTANA; PATIENT; BACTEREMIA AB Background: Bartonella quintana has recently been associated with homeless alcoholic men. Both B quintana and Bartonella henselae have been shown to be opportunistic pathogens of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The reservoirs and modes of transmission of these infections are incompletely known. Objectives: To examine serum samples that were taken from inner-city intravenous (IV) drug users for antibodies to Bartonella organisms to determine whether there is an urban transmission cycle for Bartonella species and to examine the demographic and behavioral characteristics of IV drug users to identify possible risk factors for infection with any of these agents. Materials and Methods: A serologic survey was conducted, using a convenience sample of serum specimens collected during a study of IV drug use and human immunodeficiency virus infection among 630 inner-city residents in Baltimore, Md. A detailed questionnaire was administered at the initial collection of serum, and additional serum collections and questionnaire updates were made at 6-month intervals. The most recent available serum sample was tested for Bartonella antibody titer by using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test with 3 antigens: Bartonella elizabethae, B henselae, and B quintana. Univariate and multivariate analyses of selected potential demographic and behavioral risk factors were conducted. Results: Antibodies to Bartonella were highly prevalent in this group; more than 37% of all samples reacted with at least 1 antigen. Overall seroprevalence of antibodies to B elizabethae, B henselae, and B quintana was 33%, 11%, and 10%, respectively. Current IV drug use, frequency of injection, and seronegative human immunodeficiency virus status were significantly associated with Bartonella antibody presence, but these associations varied by analysis. There was a significant inverse association of antibody prevalence to B henselae and B quintana by using CD4(+) cell counts among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals. Conclusions: Intravenous drug users have an elevated prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella organisms and may be at significant risk of becoming infected. Current IV drug use, high frequency of injection, and seronegative human immunodeficiency virus status are significant risk factors for an increased prevalence of Bartonella antibodies. The current natural histories of Bartonella species are rapidly changing, and mechanisms of transmission remain unknown. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PROGRAM INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD. RP Comer, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 29 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 25 PY 1996 VL 156 IS 21 BP 2491 EP 2495 DI 10.1001/archinte.156.21.2491 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VU816 UT WOS:A1996VU81600012 PM 8944742 ER PT J AU Nichol, S AF Nichol, S TI RNA viruses - Life on the edge of catastrophe SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Nichol, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 21 PY 1996 VL 384 IS 6606 BP 218 EP 219 DI 10.1038/384218a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA VU381 UT WOS:A1996VU38100027 PM 8918870 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in black Americans SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; STROKE; DEATH RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 15 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 21 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 21 BP 1597 EP 1599 DI 10.1056/NEJM199611213352110 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT341 UT WOS:A1996VT34100010 PM 8900095 ER PT J AU Black, FL Biggar, RJ Lal, RB Gabbai, AA Vieira, JPB AF Black, FL Biggar, RJ Lal, RB Gabbai, AA Vieira, JPB TI Twenty-five years of HTLV type II follow-up with a possible case of tropical spastic paraparesis in the Kayapo, a Brazilian Indian tribe SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-1; INFECTION; RETROVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS AB A longitudinal study, spanning 25 years and great demographic and cultural change, found a persistently high prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) in the Xikrin Kayapo Indians of Brazil, More than 10% of the children continue to develop immune reactions to the virus in infancy, a sharp increase in seroprevalence occurs between ages 15 and 30 years, and prevalence in older women still approaches 100%, This suggests that the major modes of transmission (breast milk and sexual activity) have not changed, The demonstration of stable maintenance of HTLV-II in one ethnic group makes migration theories of its dispersal more plausible, However, the infection may not be a negligible burden on population survival: at least 1 of 62 persons followed until age 40 years died of possible tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). C1 YALE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PUBL HLTH, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520 USA. NCI, VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DEPT NEUROL, BR-04023900 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL. ESCOLA PAULISTA MED, BR-04023900 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 17 BP 1623 EP 1627 DI 10.1089/aid.1996.12.1623 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VV292 UT WOS:A1996VV29200007 PM 8947297 ER PT J AU Brown, TM Robbins, KE Sinniah, M Saraswathy, TS Lee, V Hooi, LS Vijayamalar, B Luo, CC Ou, CY Rapier, J Schochetman, G Kalish, ML AF Brown, TM Robbins, KE Sinniah, M Saraswathy, TS Lee, V Hooi, LS Vijayamalar, B Luo, CC Ou, CY Rapier, J Schochetman, G Kalish, ML TI HIV type 1 subtypes in Malaysia include B, C, and E SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; THAILAND C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS STD TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST MED RES,KUALA LUMPUR 50588,MALAYSIA. GEN HOSP,JOHOR BAHRU,MALAYSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 17 BP 1655 EP 1657 DI 10.1089/aid.1996.12.1655 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VV292 UT WOS:A1996VV29200014 PM 8947304 ER PT J AU Rothrock, G Billmann, L Harrison, L Dwyer, D Barnes, B Baughman, W AF Rothrock, G Billmann, L Harrison, L Dwyer, D Barnes, B Baughman, W TI Progress toward elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among infants and children - United States, 1987-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 901-906, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,CHILD VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rothrock, G (reprint author), BUR DIS CONTROL,OAKLAND,CA, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 19 BP 1542 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT025 UT WOS:A1996VT02500009 ER PT J AU Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S JacksonThompson, J Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Lengerich, G Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Diamond, R Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Cautley, E AF Durham, J Owen, P Bender, B Senner, J Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Mitchell, C McTague, D Pledger, E Cooper, J Johnson, C Steiner, B Costello, N Busick, P Perry, M Asher, K Meriwether, R Maines, D Weinstein, A Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Loyd, S JacksonThompson, J Smith, P Huffman, S DeJan, E Zaso, K Boeselager, G Honey, W Melnik, T Lengerich, G Kaske, J Indian, R Hann, N GrantWorley, J Mann, L Hesser, J Ferguson, J Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Diamond, R Giles, R McIntyre, R Stones, J WynkoopSimmons, K King, F Cautley, E TI Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination levels among adults aged >= 65 years - United States, 1993 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 859, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV DATA MANAGEMENT,ASSESSMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Durham, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ADULT VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 19 BP 1544 EP 1545 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT025 UT WOS:A1996VT02500010 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Haddix, AC Steketee, RW Simonds, RJ AF Mansergh, G Haddix, AC Steketee, RW Simonds, RJ TI Preventing perinatal transmission of HIV: The effect of breast-feeding - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 19 BP 1552 EP 1553 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT025 UT WOS:A1996VT02500020 ER PT J AU Bresee, JS Mast, EE Coleman, FJ Baron, MJ Schonberger, LB Alter, MJ Jonas, MM Yu, MYW Renzi, PM Schneider, LC AF Bresee, JS Mast, EE Coleman, FJ Baron, MJ Schonberger, LB Alter, MJ Jonas, MM Yu, MYW Renzi, PM Schneider, LC TI Hepatitis C virus infection associated with administration of intravenous immune globulin - A cohort study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A-HEPATITIS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; PLASMA; FRACTIONATION; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; ASSAY AB Objective.-To determine the risk of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among persons with immune deficiencies who had received intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) between March 1993 and February 1994. Design.-Retrospective cohort study. Setting.-An immunology program in a tertiary care hospital. Patients.-Of 341 persons who had received IGIV between March 1, 1993, and February 22, 1994, 278 (82%) were enrolled. The mean age for the enrolled persons was 9 years, and 99% had primary immune deficiencies. Main Outcome Measures.-Evidence of HCV infection by detection in sera of antibody to HCV and/or HCV RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results.-Twenty-three (11%) of 210 persons who received the IGIV Gammagard (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, Ill) became infected compared with none of 52 persons who received exclusively other IGIV products (P=.01). In a multivariate analysis, HCV infection was associated only with Gammagard produced from plasma screened by second-generation (multiantigen) anti-HCV tests (P=.03). Hepatitis C virus RNA was detected in Gammagard, and the risk of transmission to recipients increased with increasing quantity of HCV RNA infused, from 0 for those who received no HCV RNA-positive lots to 29% for the quartile of patients receiving the greatest amount (P<.001). At least 9 different lots of Gammagard were required to account for all cases. Conclusion.-Gammagard was the only IGIV product implicated in the transmission of HCV. Infection was associated with higher quantities of HCV RNA in Gammagard produced from second-generation anti-HCV-screened plasma. Further studies are needed to determine reasons for the infectivity of Gammagard, and viral inactivation and removal steps are needed to ensure the safety of IGIV products. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV GASTROENTEROL,BOSTON,MA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV HEMATOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV IMMUNOL,BOSTON,MA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 2172] NR 20 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 19 BP 1563 EP 1567 DI 10.1001/jama.276.19.1563 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT025 UT WOS:A1996VT02500028 PM 8918853 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Lal, AA AF Collins, WE Lal, AA TI Malaria vaccine SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 16 PY 1996 VL 348 IS 9038 BP 1377 EP 1377 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)24046-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VT332 UT WOS:A1996VT33200040 PM 8918283 ER PT J AU Mosure, DJ Berman, S Kleinbaum, D Halloran, ME AF Mosure, DJ Berman, S Kleinbaum, D Halloran, ME TI Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among female adolescents: A longitudinal analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; chlamydia; Chlamydia trachomatis; longitudinal studies; mass screening; models, statistical; risk factors ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; CERVICITIS; CONTRACEPTION; POPULATION; SMEAR AB Screening guidelines recommend testing all sexually active female adolescents for Chlamydia trachomatis during a pelvic examination at each clinic visit. Such criteria have been based on cross-sectional studies; new evaluations should take into account multiple clinic visits and assess whether criteria are appropriate when a prior test is negative and risk factors are absent. Because repeated observations on an individual may be correlated, the authors used the generalized estimating equation method. Little information exists on subsequent risk of infection; as control programs develop, approaches targeting high-risk populations for recurrent infections are needed. Using data on females aged 15-19 years who visited family planning clinics more than once from 1988 to 1992 (n = 26,921) in Region X (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington), the authors constructed a retrospective cohort. Teens with chlamydia at their first visit were at high risk for subsequent infection (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4-1.7). Among teens uninfected at the first visit and without risk factors at the second, prevalence at the second visit was 6%. When intervisit correlations using the generalized estimating equation method were taken into account, predictors of chlamydial infection were consistent with those in previous cross-sectional studies: cervicitis, friable cervix, and multiple, new, or symptomatic sex partner(s). These findings support screening sexually active female adolescents at each visit, even if prior tests results are available. C1 EMORY UNIV,DIV BIOSTAT,GRACE ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,GRACE ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 10 BP 997 EP 1003 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VU650 UT WOS:A1996VU65000011 PM 8916511 ER PT J AU Hooper, C Dilley, A Evatt, B Renshaw, M Benson, J Baine, R Austin, H Silva, V Rawlins, P Wenger, N AF Hooper, C Dilley, A Evatt, B Renshaw, M Benson, J Baine, R Austin, H Silva, V Rawlins, P Wenger, N TI The prevalence of polymorphisms in the platelet glycoprotein IIIA and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase genes in African Americans with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2044 EP 2044 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98302044 ER PT J AU Shoji, M Abe, K Dillehay, D Casper, K Micko, C Danave, I Nawroth, PP Rickles, F AF Shoji, M Abe, K Dillehay, D Casper, K Micko, C Danave, I Nawroth, PP Rickles, F TI Tissue factor (TF) regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo in human breast cancer and melanoma. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV HEIDELBERG,HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2046 EP 2046 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98302046 ER PT J AU Diaz, RS deOliveira, CF Sullivan, M Williams, AE Lackritz, E Kessler, D Operskalski, EA Mosley, JW Busch, MP AF Diaz, RS deOliveira, CF Sullivan, M Williams, AE Lackritz, E Kessler, D Operskalski, EA Mosley, JW Busch, MP TI Surveillance of HIV-1 genetic variation in US blood donors using heteroduplex mobility assay. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. AMER RED CROSS,NAT RES LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. UNIV SO CALIF,TSS,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RI Diaz, Ricardo/K-3978-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2101 EP 2101 PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT983 UT WOS:A1996VT98302101 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Hooper, C Austin, H Barnhart, E Renshaw, M Evatt, B AF Dilley, A Hooper, C Austin, H Barnhart, E Renshaw, M Evatt, B TI The prevalence at birth of the Factor V Leiden defect and the MTHFR coding variant in African-Americans and whites. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 88 IS 10 SU 1 BP 2986 EP 2986 PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA VT986 UT WOS:A1996VT98600247 ER PT J AU Heneine, W Switzer, WM AF Heneine, W Switzer, WM TI Highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of baboon and pig cells following xenotransplantation in humans SO TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article AB Pig and baboon xenotransplants in humans require assays that discriminate source from human cells to investigate engraftment and identify true infection of recipients with xenogeneic endogenous retroviruses. We developed two polymerase chain reaction assays that target a porcine-specific sequence in the beta-globin gene and a baboon-specific sequence in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene. The sensitivity and specificity of both assays were evaluated on DNA lysates from baboon, pig; and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Both assays detected single cells in backgrounds of human DNA. Additionally, both assays were highly specific and yielded negative results in reactions containing only human DNA. The two assays reliably detected peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from 14 baboons and 16 pigs. The baboon- and pig-specific target sequences are gender independent and nonpolymorphic and allow universal applicability. The high sensitivity and specificity is of particular importance in assessing low-level engraftment in human xenotransplant chimeras. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0041-1337 J9 TRANSPLANTATION JI Transplantation PD NOV 15 PY 1996 VL 62 IS 9 BP 1360 EP 1362 DI 10.1097/00007890-199611150-00033 PG 3 WC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation SC Immunology; Surgery; Transplantation GA VU117 UT WOS:A1996VU11700033 PM 8932287 ER PT J AU Jones, W OHara, M Kautz, JE Hutton, B Ackman, D Morse, D AF Jones, W OHara, M Kautz, JE Hutton, B Ackman, D Morse, D TI Hunting-associated injuries and wearing ''hunter'' orange clothing - New York, 1989-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 884, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,BUR WILDLIFE,ALBANY,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR INJURY PREVENT,ALBANY,NY 12237. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT,ALBANY,NY 12237. CDC,STATE BR,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Jones, W (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT ENVIRONM CONSERVAT,SPORTSMAN EDUC PROGRAM,ALBANY,NY, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 18 BP 1462 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ774 UT WOS:A1996VQ77400010 ER PT J AU Rawlings, J Burgess, C Tabony, L Campman, R Hendricks, K Stevenson, G Vela, L Simpson, D TapiaConyer, R Matus, CR GomezDantes, H Montesanos, R Flisser, A Briseno, B Bernal, SI Medina, CC Flores, G Coello, GD Hayes, J Craig, GB Blackmore, MS Mutebi, JP AF Rawlings, J Burgess, C Tabony, L Campman, R Hendricks, K Stevenson, G Vela, L Simpson, D TapiaConyer, R Matus, CR GomezDantes, H Montesanos, R Flisser, A Briseno, B Bernal, SI Medina, CC Flores, G Coello, GD Hayes, J Craig, GB Blackmore, MS Mutebi, JP TI Dengue fever at the US-Mexico border, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 841, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL INST EPIDEMIOL DIAG & REFERENCE,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. UNIV NOTRE DAME,S BEND,IN. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rawlings, J (reprint author), GEN DIRECT EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 18 BP 1464 EP 1465 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ774 UT WOS:A1996VQ77400011 ER PT J AU DeCock, KM Binkin, NJ Zuber, PLF Tappero, JW Castro, KG AF DeCock, KM Binkin, NJ Zuber, PLF Tappero, JW Castro, KG TI Research issues involving HIV-associated tuberculosis in resource-poor countries SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; CALMETTE-GUERIN IMMUNIZATION; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; COTE-DIVOIRE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTED PATIENTS; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS AB Each year, there are an estimated 8 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) and 3 million deaths due to TB, most of which occur in resource-poor countries. Tuberculosis incidence is increasing rapidly in countries with high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and despite the availability of effective interventions, many TB programs are failing to cope with the increased TB caseload. This report highlights gaps in current understanding of the interaction between TB and HIV that contribute to failure of optimal TB management and control; we focus on the diagnosis of TB, its epidemiology and transmission, preventive strategies, and programmatic issues in the integration of HIV and TB services. Research into how best to apply existing knowledge will be at least as important as searching for new knowledge, The global control of TB will also require increased resources, greater political commitment, and stronger international public health leadership. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD TB PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINATION,ATLANTA,GA. RP DeCock, KM (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. NR 81 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 18 BP 1502 EP 1507 DI 10.1001/jama.276.18.1502 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ774 UT WOS:A1996VQ77400033 PM 8903262 ER PT J AU Kaplan, GA Lynch, JW Cohen, RD Balfour, JL Pamuk, ER AF Kaplan, GA Lynch, JW Cohen, RD Balfour, JL Pamuk, ER TI Income and mortality in the United States - Reply SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Kaplan, GA (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,HUMAN POPULAT LAB,2151 BERKELEY WAY,ANNEX 2,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. RI Lynch, John/A-4797-2008 OI Lynch, John/0000-0003-2781-7902 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD NOV 9 PY 1996 VL 313 IS 7066 BP 1207 EP 1207 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VR907 UT WOS:A1996VR90700057 ER PT J AU Cetron, MS Chitsulo, L Sullivan, JJ Pilcher, J Wilson, M Noh, J Tsang, VC Hightower, AW Addiss, DG AF Cetron, MS Chitsulo, L Sullivan, JJ Pilcher, J Wilson, M Noh, J Tsang, VC Hightower, AW Addiss, DG TI Schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ADULT MICROSOMAL ANTIGENS; SEROLOGIC REAGENT; FAST-ELISA; MANSONI; HAEMATOBIUM; COMPONENTS; MAMA AB Background In 1992 two US Peace Corps volunteers (PCVs) developed central nervous system schistosomiasis due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium following recreational water exposure at Cape Maclear on Lake Malawi, an African lake considered by many to be free of schistosomiasis, To determine the transmission potential and risk for aquiring schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi, a cross-sectional survey of resident expatriates and visitors to Malawi was done during March and April, 1993. Methods A volunteer cohort of expatriates and visitors representing a cross-section of Malawi's foriegn population answered detailed questions about freshwater contact and provided blood specimens to determine the seroprevalence of S haematobium and S mansoni by ELISA and immunoblot analyses, A survey for Vector snails was conducted along Lake Malawi's southwestern shore. Findings The study population of 955 included 305 US citizens and 650 non-US foreign nationals. 303 of the study population had seroiogical evidence of current or past schistosome infection. Seroprevalence was 32% (141/440) among expatriates whose freshwater exposure was limited to Lake Malawi; S haematobium antibodies were found in 135 of 141 (96%) seropositive specimens. Risk of seropositivity increased with the number of freshwater exposures at Lake Malawi resorts. Although many resort areas in the southwestern lake region posed a significant risk, Cape Maclear was the location most strongly associated with seropositivity (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.1). Methods Schistosome-infected Bulinus globosus, the snail vector of Objectives S haematobium in Malawi. were found at Cape Maclear and other locations along the lakeshore. Interpretation S haematobium infection is highly prevalent among expatriates and tourists in Malawi, Recreational water contact at popular resorts on Lake Malawi is the most likely source of infection. Transmission of schistosomiasis is occurring in Lake Malawi, a previously under-recognised site of transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 21 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 9 PY 1996 VL 348 IS 9037 BP 1274 EP 1278 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)01511-5 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VR555 UT WOS:A1996VR55500010 PM 8909380 ER PT J AU Hadgu, A AF Hadgu, A TI Discrepant analysis and screening for Chlamydia trachomatis - Reply SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP Hadgu, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 9 PY 1996 VL 348 IS 9037 BP 1309 EP 1309 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)65784-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VR555 UT WOS:A1996VR55500043 ER PT J AU Sasaki, J Toyama, P Russell, J Furness, N Spitters, C AF Sasaki, J Toyama, P Russell, J Furness, N Spitters, C TI Update: Influenza activity - Worldwide, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 816, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,HONOLULU,HI 96859. SNOHOMISH HLTH DIST,EVERETT,WA. WHO,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,EMERGING & OTHER COMMUNICABLE DIS DIV,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CDC,WORLD HLTH ORG COLLABORATING CTR SURVEILLANCE EPI,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Sasaki, J (reprint author), HAWAII STATE DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1250 PUNCHBOWL ST,HONOLULU,HI 96813, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 17 BP 1372 EP 1373 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ464 UT WOS:A1996VQ46400005 ER PT J AU Quinlan, K AF Quinlan, K TI Home radiator burns among inner-city children - Chicago, September 1991-april 1994 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 814, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Quinlan, K (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 17 BP 1374 EP 1374 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ464 UT WOS:A1996VQ46400007 ER PT J AU Tauxe, RV Hughes, JM AF Tauxe, RV Hughes, JM TI International investigation of outbreaks of foodborne disease - Public health responds to the globalisation of food SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DHHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHOEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD NOV 2 PY 1996 VL 313 IS 7065 BP 1093 EP 1094 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VR217 UT WOS:A1996VR21700001 PM 8916684 ER PT J AU Simon, PA Weber, M Ford, WL Cheng, F Kerndt, PR AF Simon, PA Weber, M Ford, WL Cheng, F Kerndt, PR TI Reasons for HIV antibody test refusal in a heterosexual sexually transmitted disease clinic population SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV antibody testing; sexually transmitted disease clinics; medical care; prevention ID PREVALENCE; INFECTION; AIDS; SEROCONVERSION; SEROPREVALENCE AB Objective: To evaluate acceptance of confidential HIV antibody testing and reasons for test refusal among heterosexual clients of Los Angeles County sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Methods: From January 1993 through lune 1994, all blood specimens routinely collected for syphilis serology were tested blindly for HIV antibody at seven STD clinics. Patients were counseled and offered a confidential HIV test. Rate of refusal of confidential testing and primary reason for test refusal were examined by demographic group and HIV serostatus, as determined in the blinded survey, for all heterosexual clients. Results: Of 20 125 persons offered confidential testing, 35.6% refused the test. Test refusal was higher among men (38.7%) than women [31.1%; adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.4; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.3-1.4] and among blacks (38.6%) than whites (28.6%; adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.5-2.0). The most common reason for refusal was 'already know my HIV status' (40.6%), followed by 'don't want to know' (23.9%), and 'not at risk' (19.4%). Confidentiality concerns were cited as the primary reason for refusal by 2.2%. Among the 180 (0.9%) persons who tested positive in the blinded survey, 99 (55.0%) refused the confidential test. Of the 44 seropositive persons who refused the confidential test because they 'already knew their HIV status', 29 (65.9%) reported their previous test to be negative. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to increase acceptance of confidential HIV testing in this heterosexual population and should (1) include a client-centered counseling approach that facilitates accurate self-assessment of risk and addresses the misperception that a prior negative test result implies an absence of risk, and (2) highlight the potential benefits of early intervention medical and psychosocial services. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA. RP Simon, PA (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,600 S COMMONWEALTH AVE,SUITE 805,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005, USA. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV PY 1996 VL 10 IS 13 BP 1549 EP 1553 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VR234 UT WOS:A1996VR23400014 PM 8931791 ER PT J AU Schlecht, PC Groff, JH Feng, A Song, RG AF Schlecht, PC Groff, JH Feng, A Song, RG TI Laboratory and analytical method performance of lead measurements in paint chips, soils, and dusts SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Environmental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing program; laboratory-to-laboratory variability; lead measurements; National lead Laboratory Accreditation Program AB The National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP) recognizes laboratories capable of analyzing lead in paints, soils, a nd dusts. NLLAP requires successful participation in the Environ mental Lead Proficiency Analytical Testing (ELPAT) program. For paint chip analyses, laboratory-to-laboratory Health Service, Centers variability is about 10% relative standard deviation (RSD) for lead levels near 0.5%, the HUD definition for Disease Control and of lead-based paint. For soil analyses, RSDs are about 9 to 10% near relevant federal soil standards and 16% near the lowest state bare soil standard that currently exists. For dust wipe analyses, RSDs range from 10 to 16% for lead levels near relevant HUD standards. Of participating laboratories, 92 to 93% consistently meet ELPAT performance limits. A variety of analytical methods gives similar results. No conclusive significant differences were found among most frequently used hotplate and microwave sample preparation techniques. In addition, several participating laboratories have successfully used ultrasonic extraction methods, a method suitable far use at abatement sites. The three most frequently used instrumental techniques, flame atomic absorption (FAA), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and graphite furnace atomic absorption show no statistically significant differences in ability to meet ELPAT performance limits. However, small statistically significant biases between these methods sometimes occur. The magnitude of biases is less than 5% of the corresponding laboratory mean near relevant federal standards except for lead levels near the lowest HUD lead wipe standard, where biases can be as high as 8%. Other instrumental methods that have been used successfully include ICP-mass spectroscopy,direct current plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, dithizone spectrophotometry, and anodic stripping voltametry. C1 COMP SCI CORP,CINCINNATI,OH 45213. RP Schlecht, PC (reprint author), ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN QUAL ASSURANCE & STAT ACT,NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1035 EP 1043 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1996)057<1035:LAAMPO>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT348 UT WOS:A1996VT34800008 PM 8931311 ER PT J AU Apgar, J Makdani, D Sowell, AL Gunter, EW Hegar, A Potts, W Rao, D Wilcox, A Smith, JC AF Apgar, J Makdani, D Sowell, AL Gunter, EW Hegar, A Potts, W Rao, D Wilcox, A Smith, JC TI Serum carotenoid concentrations and their reproducibility in children in Belize SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alpha-carotene; beta-carotene; beta-cryptoxanthin; lutein; zeaxanthin; reproducibility ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; BETA-CAROTENE; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; RETINOL; WOMEN; MEN; LYCOPENE AB Suggestions that carotenoid-containing foods are beneficial in maintaining health have led to Several studies of circulating carotenoid concentrations of adults. Because few data are available for children, we report serum carotenoid concentrations of 493 children in Belize. Carotenoid concentrations were determined as part of a survey of vitamin A status of children, most between 65 and 89 mo of age. Reproducibility was tested by collecting a second blood sample 2 wk after the first collection from a subset of children (n = 23) who consumed their habitual diet with no treatment during the interim. Predominant serum carotenoids were lutein/zeaxanthin and beta-carotene; which ac counted fur 26% and 24% of median total carotenoids, respectively. The three provitamin A carotenoids, alpha- and beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, constituted 51% of median total carotenoid concentrations. Partial correlations of each carotenoid with lasting retinol concentration indicated that beta-carotene had the highest correlation. Concordance correlation coefficients (r(c)) for lasting carotenoid concentrations determined 2 wk apart were greater than or equal to 0.89 for lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and alpha- and beta-carotene. The r(c) for lutein/zeaxanthin and total carotenoids was lower, 0.59 and 0.68 respectively, because of higher lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations at the second sampling than at the first. The reproducibility of the concentrations suggests both that individuals have characteristic profiles and that serum carotenoid concentrations ran be measured randomly over greater than or equal to 2 wk without significant bias. C1 BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY. LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. BELIZE VIS CTR,BELIZE CITY,BELIZE. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 64 IS 5 BP 726 EP 730 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VP753 UT WOS:A1996VP75300009 PM 8901792 ER PT J AU Murphy, LR AF Murphy, LR TI Stress management in work settings: A critical review of the health effects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Review DE anxiety; blood pressure; job satisfaction; relaxation; stress-management interventions; worksite health promotion ID OCCUPATIONAL STRESS; JOB STRESS; TRANSCENDENTAL-MEDITATION; HOSPITAL CLEANERS; TEACHER STRESS; SESSION IMPACT; RELAXATION; INTERVENTIONS; REDUCTION; PROGRAM AB Purpose. To review critically the research literature on the health effects of worksite stress-management interventions. Search Methods. Stress-management interventions were defined as techniques that are designed to help employees modify their appraisal of stressful situations or deal more effectively with the symptoms of stress. Stress-management studies that were worksite based, assessed a health outcome, and were published in the peer-reviewed literature were included in this review. The main search method was the one described in the lend article to this special issue of the JOURNAL, but supplementary sources included prior reviews of the research literature and expert contacts. Sixty-four studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Summary of Findings. A variety of stress-management techniques was used in worksite studies, including muscle relaxation, meditation, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral skills, and combinations of these techniques. The most common techniques used were muscle relaxation, cognitive-behavioral skills, and combinations of two or more techniques. Outcome measures to evaluate the success of stress interventions included physiologic and psychologic measurements, somatic complaints, and job-related measures. Nearly three-fourths of the studies offered the training to all workers and did not specifically recruit high-stress employees. Over half the studies were randomized control trials, but only 30% conducted posttraining follow-up evaluations. The effectiveness of stress interventions varied according to the health-outcome measure used; some techniques were more effective for psychologic outcomes (e.g., cognitive-behavioral skills), whereas others were more effective for physiologic outcomes (e.g., muscle relaxation). Biofeedback was the least frequent technique used in work settings and also seemed to be the least effective technique. Meditation produced the most consistent results across outcome measures but was used in only six studies. In general, studies using a combination of techniques (e.g., muscle relaxation plus cognitive-behavioral skills) seemed to be more effective across outcome measures than single techniques. Conclusions. The large number of different stress-management techniques coupled with the wide range of health outcome measures used in stress intervention studies makes ii difficult to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy of each technique and each outcome. Also, the quality of the methodology varied substantially among studies. Nevertheless, the most positive results across the various health outcomes were obtained with a combination of true or more techniques. None of the stress interventions was consistently effective in producing effects on job/organization-relevant outcomes, such as absenteeism or job satisfaction. To produce changes on these types of measures, stress interventions will need to alter or modify the sources of stress in the work environment. It can be said that stress management in work settings can be effective in enhancing worker physical and psychologic health, but the choice of which stress-management technique to use should be based on the specific health outcomes that are targeted for change. RP Murphy, LR (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 108 TC 140 Z9 145 U1 5 U2 68 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 112 EP 135 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT744 UT WOS:A1996VT74400006 PM 10163598 ER PT J AU Wilson, MG Jorgensen, C Cole, G AF Wilson, MG Jorgensen, C Cole, G TI The health effects of worksite HIV/AIDS interventions: A review of the research literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; worksite; behavior change; evaluation ID AIDS EDUCATION; HOSPITAL WORKERS; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE; HIV; WORKPLACE; INFECTION AB Purpose. To examine the individual and organizational health effects of HIV/AIDS interventions conducted at the worksite. Search Methods. This review is part of a series of reviews that used search methods described in an introductory article. To supplement these methods, HIV/AIDS-specific periodicals were searched to include journals that might not be incorporated in the computerized databases. Twelve of the 20 articles identified through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and our own subsequent searches met the criteria and were included in this review. Findings. Ten of the 12 studies reviewed reported positive effects of employee education programs on knowledge or attitudes. Nine of the studies involved health care workers or employees with potential occupational exposure to HIV, and nine lacked a comparison or control group. None of the studies however, examined the effects of policies, manager training, of family education on the organization or person. Conclusions. Methodologic weaknesses in many of the studies reviewed, coupled with the small number of studies, led us to conclude that the research literature on worksite HIV/AIDS interventions is weak. Impact is however, plausible. Future research should be directed toward developing valid measures of key variables, controlling for confounding factors, and ultimately examining the impact of organizational factors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Wilson, MG (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,SCH HLTH & HUMAN PERFORMANCE,DEPT HLTH PROMOT & BEHAV,300 RIVER RD,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 150 EP 157 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT744 UT WOS:A1996VT74400008 PM 10163600 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Stayner, LT Attfield, MD Buncher, CR AF Kuempel, ED Stayner, LT Attfield, MD Buncher, CR TI Possible misclassification did not obscure detection of exposure-response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE pneumoconiosis; COPD; coal dust; mortality risk; death certificate data ID DEATH C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NIOSH,MORGANTOWN,WV. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS C-32,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 30 IS 5 BP 643 EP 644 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199611)30:5<643::AID-AJIM15>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP546 UT WOS:A1996VP54600016 PM 8909616 ER PT J AU Hampton, RW Birdsong, G Vernon, SD Narcisi, EM Unger, ER AF Hampton, RW Birdsong, G Vernon, SD Narcisi, EM Unger, ER TI Molecular diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 149 IS 5 BP ID9 EP ID9 PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA VQ237 UT WOS:A1996VQ23700080 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Green, ML Morris, R Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Barrett, DH Green, ML Morris, R Giles, WH Croft, JB TI Cognitive functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID MEMORY AB Objective: The authors examined the association of cognitive impairment with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychiatric diagnoses known to affect cognitive functioning. Method: The results of standardized neuropsychological tests were compared in four groups of Vietnam veterans: veterans with both a lifetime history of PTSD and a current diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or substance abuse; veterans with only a PTSD diagnosis; veterans with only a current diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or substance abuse; and veterans with none of these diagnoses. Results: Veterans with both PTSD and concurrent diagnoses exhibited more impairment in cognitive functioning than did veterans without these diagnoses. Conclusions: Cognitive deficits seen among persons diagnosed with PTSD may be associated with their concomitant diagnoses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 13 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0002-953X J9 AM J PSYCHIAT JI Am. J. Psychiat. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 153 IS 11 BP 1492 EP 1494 PG 3 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA VP754 UT WOS:A1996VP75400022 PM 8890689 ER PT J AU Hadden, WC AF Hadden, WC TI The use of educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic position SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP Hadden, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1996 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1525 EP 1526 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.11.1525 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT363 UT WOS:A1996VT36300003 PM 8916514 ER PT J AU LeBaron, CW Birkhead, GS Parsons, P Grabau, JC BarrGale, L Fuhrman, J Brooks, S Maes, E Friedman, S Hadler, SC AF LeBaron, CW Birkhead, GS Parsons, P Grabau, JC BarrGale, L Fuhrman, J Brooks, S Maes, E Friedman, S Hadler, SC TI Measles vaccination levels of children enrolled in WIC during the 1991 measles epidemic in New York City SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAK; POPULATION; PROGRAM; IMPACT; RISK AB Objectives. This study assessed measles vaccination rates and risk factors for lack of vaccination among preschool children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) during the 1991 measles epidemic in New York City. Methods. Children aged 12 to 59 months presenting for WIC certification between April 1 and September 30, 1991, at six volunteer WIC sites in New York City were surveyed. Results. Of the 6181 children enrolled in the study, measles immunization status was ascertained for 6074 (98%). Overall measles coverage was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] = +/-1%) and at least 90% by 21 months of age (95% CI = +/-1%). Young age of the child, use of a private provider, and Medicaid as a source of health care payment were risk factors for lack of vaccination (P<.001). Conclusions. During the peak of a measles epidemic, measles immunization rates were more than 80% by 24 months of age in a sample of WIC children. The ease of ascertaining immunization status and the size of the total WIC population underscore the importance of WIC immunization initiatives. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV NUTR,ALBANY,NY. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,ALBANY,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR IMMUNIZAT,ALBANY,NY. RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-52,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [H23/CCW204473-02] NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1996 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1551 EP 1556 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.11.1551 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT363 UT WOS:A1996VT36300009 PM 8916519 ER PT J AU Pate, RR Heath, GW Dowda, M Trost, SG AF Pate, RR Heath, GW Dowda, M Trost, SG TI Associations between physical activity and other health behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TELEVISION; OBESITY; PARTICIPATION; CHILDREN; SMOKING AB Objectives. This study examined the associations between physical activity and other health behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents. Methods. In the 1990 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 11 631 high school students provided information on physical activity; diet; substance use; and other negative health behaviors. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between physical activity and other health behaviors in a subset of 2652 high-active and 1641 low-active students. Results. Low activity was associated with cigarette smoking, marijuana use, lower fruit and vegetable consumption, greater television watching, failure to wear a seat belt, and low perception of academic performance. For consumption of fruit, television watching, and alcohol consumption, significant interactions were found with race/ethnicity or sex, suggesting that sociocultural factors may affect the relationships between physical activity and some health behaviors. Conclusions. Low physical activity was associated with several other negative health behaviors in teenagers. Future studies should examine whether interventions for increasing physical activity in youth can be effective in reducing negative health behaviors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Pate, RR (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EXERCISE SCI,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. RI Trost, Stewart/B-5948-2012 OI Trost, Stewart/0000-0001-9587-3944 FU PHS HHS [448/CCU 409664-01] NR 26 TC 271 Z9 278 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1996 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1577 EP 1581 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.11.1577 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT363 UT WOS:A1996VT36300013 PM 8916523 ER PT J AU Zhu, BP Giovino, GA Mowery, PD Eriksen, MP AF Zhu, BP Giovino, GA Mowery, PD Eriksen, MP TI The relationship between cigarette smoking and education revisited: Implications for categorizing persons' educational status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ADULTS; SOCIAL-CLASS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; COHORT; DETERMINANTS; INITIATION; HISPANICS AB Objective. This study sought to reassess the relationship between cigarette smoking and education. Methods. Data from the 1983 to 1991 National Health Interview Survey for participants aged 25 years and older were used to plot the prevalence of current smoking, ever smoking, heavy smoking, and smoking cessation, as well as the adjusted log odds ratios, by years of education. Results. The ''less than high school graduate'' category consisted of two groups with distinct smoking patterns: persons with 0 to 8 years and persons with 9 to II pars of education. The latter were the most likely to be current, ever, and heavy smokers and the least likely to have quit smoking, whereas the former were similar to persons having 12 years of education. After II years of education. the likelihood of smoking decreased and that of smoking cessation increased with each successive year of education. These results persisted after the statistical adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, poverty status, employment status, marital status, geographic region, and year of sun?ey. Conclusions. The relationship between smoking and education is not monotonic. Thus, when evaluating smoking in relation to education, researchers should categorize years of education as follows: 0 to 8, 9 to 11, 12, 13 to 15, and 16 or more years. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BATTELLE MEM INST,CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1996 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1582 EP 1589 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.11.1582 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT363 UT WOS:A1996VT36300014 PM 8916524 ER PT J AU Schable, B Chu, SY Diaz, T AF Schable, B Chu, SY Diaz, T TI Characteristics of women 50 years of age or older with heterosexually acquired AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV-INFECTION AB Objectives. This study compared characteristics of older (greater than or equal to 50 years) and younger (< 50 years) women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) attributed to heterosexual contract. Methods. We interviewed women with heterosexually acquired AIDS reported to 12 state and local health departments. Of 556 women interviewed, 59 (11%) were 50 or older. Results. Older women were more likely than younger women to live alone (24% vs 11%) to have not completed high school (63% vs 37%), to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while hospitalized (51% vs 32%), and to have never used a condom before HIV diagnosis (86% vs 67%). Conclusions. Health care providers need to recognize HIV risk behavior in older women, encourage testing and promote condom use. RP Schable, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 1996 VL 86 IS 11 BP 1616 EP 1618 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.11.1616 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT363 UT WOS:A1996VT36300020 PM 8916530 ER PT J AU Mathew, JS Ewing, SA Barker, RW Fox, JC Dawson, JE Warner, CK Murphy, GL Kocan, KM AF Mathew, JS Ewing, SA Barker, RW Fox, JC Dawson, JE Warner, CK Murphy, GL Kocan, KM TI Attempted transmission of Ehrlichia canis by Rhipicephalus sanguineus after passage in cell culture SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; DOGS AB Objectives-To compare the transmissibility by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, of a recent isolate of Ehrlichia canis (Ebony) with that of another isolate (Oklahoma) that had been passaged in cell culture, and to assess the genetic similarity of the 2 isolates as reflected in the nucleotide (NT) sequence of 16S rDNA. Animals-13 healthy dogs of various ages and breeds. Procedure-Larval and nymphal ticks were acquisition fed on acutely infected dogs, and, after molting, they were transmission fed as nymphs and adults, respectively, on Ehrlichia-naive dogs. All dogs were monitored daily by blood smear evaluation for evidence of parasitized leukocytes and by physical examination for clinical signs of ehrlichiosis. Serologic and hematologic values were measured weekly. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction, the 16S rDNA was amplified, and the NT sequence of the template DNA was determined. Results-The Ebony isolate of E canis was successfully transmitted to dogs by nymphal and adult licks. In contrast, no ticks that fed on dogs harboring the cell-cultured isolate (Oklahoma) transmitted it to dogs. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence, the 2 isolates were 99.9% similar, with only 1 NT difference. Conclusions-These results reconfirm the vector potential of R sanguineus for E canis. Passage of the Oklahoma isolate of E canis in cell culture apparently adversely affected its transmissibility by ticks, raising the possibility that. cell-cultured isolates of this rickettsia may lose their affinity for ticks. Determination of 16S rDNA sequence suggests minor strain variation within the species E canis. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT INFECT DIS & PHYSIOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHARMACOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 57 IS 11 BP 1594 EP 1598 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA VQ497 UT WOS:A1996VQ49700022 PM 8915436 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Ward, JW AF Selik, RM Ward, JW TI Trends in infectious disease and cancer in HIV infection - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP Selik, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 125 IS 9 BP 777 EP 777 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VQ072 UT WOS:A1996VQ07200016 ER PT J AU LeGuyader, F Neill, FH Estes, MK Monroe, SS Ando, T Atmar, RL AF LeGuyader, F Neill, FH Estes, MK Monroe, SS Ando, T Atmar, RL TI Detection and analysis of a small round-structured virus strain in oysters implicated in an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION PCR; CONTAMINATED SHELLFISH; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; RAW OYSTERS; CONSUMPTION; POLIOVIRUS; DIVERSITY AB Outbreaks of shellfish-transmitted viral disease occur periodically, but frequently the causative agent is not identified. In November 1993, during investigation of a multistate outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, incriminated lots of oysters were collected. Oyster tissues (stomachs and digestive diverticula) were processed for virus extraction and nucleic acid purification. Human calicivirus sequences were sought by reverse transcriptase PCR using different primer sets. Amplicons were obtained from 9 of 10 shellfish samples from four different lots when primers specific for the outbreak virus strain were used. The specificity of the amplification was confirmed by hybridization. The amplicons from the nine positive oysters were cloned and sequenced, The sequence of each of the clones was identical to the others but showed some variation (7 of 81 bp) from the sequences obtained from the stools of three persons made ill by the outbreak. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOL VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 33 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 62 IS 11 BP 4268 EP 4272 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA VQ859 UT WOS:A1996VQ85900060 PM 8900022 ER PT J AU Halliburton, CS Mannino, DM Olney, RS AF Halliburton, CS Mannino, DM Olney, RS TI Cystic fibrosis deaths in the United States from 1979 through 1991 - An analysis using multiple-cause mortality data SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SURVIVAL; PROGNOSIS; CANCER AB Objective: To analyze mortality trends among people who died with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis from January 1, 1979, through December 31, 1991. Methods: We reviewed death certificate reports in the Multiple-Cause Mortality Files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Results: Of the 26 866 600 decedents in the study period, 6500 had a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis listed on their death certificates; of these, 6014 (92.5%) had cystic fibrosis listed as the underlying cause of death. The age-adjusted mortality rate decreased 21%, from 2.4 per 1 million in 1979 to 1.9 per 1 million in 1991, with similar decrements among males and females. The median age of death increased from 15 years in 1979 to 23 years in 1991. During the study period, whites were 6 times more likely to die with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis than were blacks, and 8 times more likely than were people of other races. Comorbid conditions mentioned on death certificates included obstructive lung disease in 744 (11.5%), pneumonia in 1192 (18.3%), and right heart failure in 986 (15.2%). Conclusions: From 1979 through 1991, the age-adjusted mortality rate for cystic fibrosis decreased and the median age of death among decedents with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis increased. These results probably are due to improved treatment of the disease in children, although we cannot exclude other explanations for these findings, such as changes in death certification and coding or better diagnosis of the disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 150 IS 11 BP 1181 EP 1185 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VQ855 UT WOS:A1996VQ85500011 PM 8904860 ER PT J AU LeeHan, H Bell, BP Wilson, J Stratton, J Sax, R AF LeeHan, H Bell, BP Wilson, J Stratton, J Sax, R TI Missed opportunities for measles immunization: Waterloo Region, Ontario, 1990-1991 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION LEVELS; CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV GUELPH,DEPT POPULAT MED,GUELPH,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA. HLTH CANADA,BUR INFECT DIS,GUELPH,ON,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,MHSC COMMUNITY HLTH & EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT,WATERLOO,ON,CANADA. RP LeeHan, H (reprint author), N YORK PUBL HLTH DEPT,EDUC & RES DIV,5100 YONGE ST,N YORK,ON M2N 5V7,CANADA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA ON K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 87 IS 6 BP 404 EP 406 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WC989 UT WOS:A1996WC98900018 PM 9009399 ER PT J AU Lam, SK Fong, MY Chungue, E Doraisingham, S Igarashi, A Khin, MA Kyaw, ZT Nisalak, A Roche, C Vaughn, DW Vorndam, V AF Lam, SK Fong, MY Chungue, E Doraisingham, S Igarashi, A Khin, MA Kyaw, ZT Nisalak, A Roche, C Vaughn, DW Vorndam, V TI Multicentre evaluation of dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue; IgM capture dot enzyme immunoassay; laboratory diagnosis ID ANTIBODY-CAPTURE ELISA; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS; SERA AB Background: The traditional methods used in the diagnosis of dengue infection do not lend themselves to field application. As such, clinical specimens have to be sent to a central laboratory for processing which invariably leads to delay. This affects patient management and disease control. The development of the dengue IgM dot enzyme immunoassay has opened up the possibility of carrying out the test in peripheral health settings. Objectives: This multicentre study was conducted to evaluate a new, commercial nitrocellulose membrane based IgM capture enzyme immunoassay. Study design: The sensitivity and specificity of the test were compared with in-house dengue IgM enzyme-linked immunoassays routinely performed by each of the selected centres. Known positive and negative dengue specimens, as well as specimens from non-dengue cases, were included in the evaluation. Results: Based on 402 specimens tested by the six centres, the sensitivity was 92.1% and specificity 88.1%, with an overall agreement of 92.8% when compared with IgM EIA assays performed on microplates. Conclusions: The results suggest that this commercial kit has a role to play in the diagnosis of dengue infection, especially in peripheral hearth settings. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 INST PASTEUR,INST TERR RECH MED LOUIS MALARDE,PAPEETE,TAHITI,FR POLYNESIA. SINGAPORE GEN HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,SINGAPORE 0316,SINGAPORE. NAGASAKI UNIV,INST TROP MED,DEPT VIROL,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN. USA,MED COMPONENT,DEPT VIROL,AFRIMS,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SAN JUAN DENGUE LABS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SAN JUAN,PR. RP Lam, SK (reprint author), UNIV MALAYA,FAC MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR ARBOVIRUS REFERENCE & RES D,KUALA LUMPUR,MALAYSIA. RI LAM, SAI KIT/B-5231-2010; FONG, MUN YIK/B-5443-2010 NR 8 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0197 J9 CLIN DIAGN VIROL JI Clin. Diagn. Virol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0928-0197(96)00257-7 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA WH084 UT WOS:A1996WH08400004 PM 9137865 ER PT J AU Halonen, P Herholzer, J Ziegler, T AF Halonen, P Herholzer, J Ziegler, T TI Advances in the diagnosis of respiratory virus infections (vol 5, pg 91, 1996) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 UNIV TURKU,MEDICITY,FIN-20520 TURKU,FINLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFLUENZA BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Halonen, P (reprint author), UNIV TURKU,DEPT VIROL,FIN-20520 TURKU,FINLAND. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-0197 J9 CLIN DIAGN VIROL JI Clin. Diagn. Virol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0928-0197(96)00260-7 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA WH084 UT WOS:A1996WH08400008 ER PT J AU delaTorre, N Luo, CC Candal, D Hu, D Otten, RA Schochetman, G Rayfield, M LeeThomas, S Fridlund, C Swanson, P Respess, R AF delaTorre, N Luo, CC Candal, D Hu, D Otten, RA Schochetman, G Rayfield, M LeeThomas, S Fridlund, C Swanson, P Respess, R TI Development of a probe hybridization assay for routine subtyping of HIV-1. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,HIVLIB,DASTLR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ABBOTT LABS,CHICAGO,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 42 IS 11 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA VQ332 UT WOS:A1996VQ33200049 ER PT J AU Manak, MM GonzalezVillasenor, LI Howell, RM Weiblen, BJ Garrett, PE Fields, HA Schumacher, RT AF Manak, MM GonzalezVillasenor, LI Howell, RM Weiblen, BJ Garrett, PE Fields, HA Schumacher, RT TI Detection of HGV sequence in plasma sample from HCV positive donors. SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BOSTON BIOMED INC,BOSTON,MA. BIOTECH RES LABS INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 42 IS 11 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA VQ332 UT WOS:A1996VQ33200053 ER PT J AU Ostroff, SM Harrison, LH Khallaf, N Assaad, MT Guirguis, NI Harrington, S elAlamy, M Hassan, S Kamal, H Mansour, H Tamam, L Fam, S Hanna, N Shabana, F Sobhy, M Tawfik, M Helmy, MF elSaid, MA elKhaleed, M Lewis, A AF Ostroff, SM Harrison, LH Khallaf, N Assaad, MT Guirguis, NI Harrington, S elAlamy, M Hassan, S Kamal, H Mansour, H Tamam, L Fam, S Hanna, N Shabana, F Sobhy, M Tawfik, M Helmy, MF elSaid, MA elKhaleed, M Lewis, A TI Resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolates recovered in Egypt from children with pneumonia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PENICILLIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PAKISTAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE AB Treatment of childhood pneumonia in developing countries requires knowledge of susceptibility patterns for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Between October 1991 and April 1993, a surveillance survey of antimicrobial resistance was performed at two fever hospitals in Egypt; nasopharyngeal swab and blood specimens obtained from 1,635 children with pneumonia were cultured for these organisms. Susceptibility testing of these organisms was performed, At least one of these organisms was isolated from nasopharyngeal swab specimens from 73% of the children; 3.7% of blood cultures were positive, For S. pneumoniae strains, 70.9% of nasopharyngeal isolates were calculated to be susceptible to penicillin vs. 77.6% of blood isolates; the percentages of isolates susceptible to co-trimoxazole were 73.0% and 75.0%, respectively. For H. influenzae strains, 93.0% of nasopharyngeal isolates were calculated to be susceptible to ampicillin vs, 100% of blood isolates; the percentages of isolates susceptible to co-trimoxazole were 84.9% and 100%, respectively, Although most S, pneumoniae and H. influenzae strains associated with childhood pneumonia in Cairo were susceptible to penicillins and co-trimoxazole, antimicrobial resistance did occur. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. MINIST HLTH CAIRO,ARI NATL PROGRAM,CHILD SURVIVAL PROJECT,CAIRO,EGYPT. VACSERA INST,RES DEPT,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP Ostroff, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP C12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1069 EP 1074 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VQ906 UT WOS:A1996VQ90600022 PM 8922805 ER PT J AU Black, JB Durigon, E KitePowell, K deSouza, L Curli, SP Afonso, AMS Theobaldo, M Pellett, PE AF Black, JB Durigon, E KitePowell, K deSouza, L Curli, SP Afonso, AMS Theobaldo, M Pellett, PE TI Seroconversion to human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7 among Brazilian children with clinical diagnoses of measles or rubella SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXANTHEM-SUBITUM; CAUSAL AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION AB We collected acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples from Brazilian patients who presented with exanthem of unknown origin and evaluated these samples by means of an immunoblot assay for seroconversion to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). Measles or rubella had been clinically diagnosed in all of these patients, but their sera were negative for antibodies to both measles virus and rubella virus. Twenty percent of the patients clearly seroconverted to HHV-6 after manifestation of the exanthem, and 8% seroconverted to HHV-7, All seroconversions to HHV-6 occurred in children aged less than or equal to 5 years; a 41% frequency of seroconversion to HHV-6 was noted among children between 3 months and 23 months of age, whereas seroconversions to HHV-7 were detected during infancy and through adulthood, Our data indicate that primary infections due to HHV-6 or HHV-7 can be misdiagnosed as measles or rubella. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,INST CIENCIAS BIOMED,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. INST ADOLFO LUTZ REGISTRO,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP Black, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP G-18,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1156 EP 1158 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VQ906 UT WOS:A1996VQ90600034 PM 8922816 ER PT J AU Smith, KL Wilson, M Hightower, AW Kelley, PW Struewing, JP Juranek, DD McAuley, JB AF Smith, KL Wilson, M Hightower, AW Kelley, PW Struewing, JP Juranek, DD McAuley, JB TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in US Military recruits in 1989: Comparison with data published in 1965 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,ADV PREVENT MED STUDIES BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC. USN,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT 5,SAN DIEGO,CA. RI Struewing, Jeffery/C-3221-2008; Struewing, Jeffery/I-7502-2013 OI Struewing, Jeffery/0000-0002-4848-3334 NR 10 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1182 EP 1183 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VQ906 UT WOS:A1996VQ90600046 PM 8922828 ER PT J AU Levin, BR Tauxe, RV AF Levin, BR Tauxe, RV TI Cholera: Nice bacteria and bad viruses SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; VIRULENCE; SELECTION; EVOLUTION AB The genes coding for cholera toxin are borne on, and can be infectiously transmitted by, a filamentous bacteriophage, raising intriguing questions about the mechanisms and evolution of bacterial pathogenesis, and the taxonomy, epidemiology and control of cholera and other bacterial diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Levin, BR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 6 IS 11 BP 1389 EP 1391 DI 10.1016/S0960-9822(96)00738-5 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA VT119 UT WOS:A1996VT11900015 PM 8939591 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Satterfield, D German, R Anderson, RM AF Anderson, LA Satterfield, D German, R Anderson, RM TI Using quantitative and qualitative methods to pretest the publication: Take charge of your diabetes: A guide for care SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION MATERIALS; FOCUS GROUPS AB Quantitative and qualitative methods used to pretest the guidebook Take Charge of Your Diabetes: A Guide for Care are presented in this paper Questionnaires were used as the quantitative method (completed by 59 diabetes educators and 301 people with diabetes) and focus groups were used as the qualitative method (3 groups composed of 22 black men and women with diabetes) to examine the relevance, purpose, content, and presentation of the Guide, Findings from between-methods triangulation supported the relevance, clarity of messages, identification of groups that would be most likely to benefit, readability, understandability, and credibility of the Guide. Specific nr eas that needed modification were identified. Each evaluation method provided unique data, for example, quantifiable data on intention to change behavior was provided from one method and a recommendation that diversity be maintained was provided from the other method. The relative strengths and limitations of combining quantitative and qualitative approaches are described. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT K30,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 22 IS 6 BP 598 EP 604 DI 10.1177/014572179602200608 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT322 UT WOS:A1996VT32200007 PM 8970290 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Deddens, JA Seavey, WG Smith, AH Smith, DF Hodgson, AT Daisey, JM Goldman, LR AF Mendell, MJ Fisk, WJ Deddens, JA Seavey, WG Smith, AH Smith, DF Hodgson, AT Daisey, JM Goldman, LR TI Elevated symptom prevalence associated with ventilation type in office buildings SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE indoor air pollution; sick building syndrome; ventilation ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; INDOOR AIR-QUALITY; SICK; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; CLIMATE; MIXTURE; HUMANS; ENVIRONMENT; SYSTEMS AB The California Healthy Building Study was designed to assess relations between ventilation system type and office worker symptoms in a set of U.S. buildings selected without regard to worker complaints. Twelve public office buildings in northern California meeting specific eligibility criteria were studied in the summer of 1990: three naturally ventilated, three mechanically ventilated (without air conditioning), and six air-conditioned buildings. questionnaire data were collected from 880 workers in selected spaces within the study buildings. We adjusted effect estimates for various ventilation types for personal, job, and work place factors using logistic regression, and alternatively, using a mixed effects model (SAS/GLIMMIX) to adjust for correlated responses within study spaces. Higher adjusted prevalences of most symptom outcomes were associated with both mechanical and air-conditioned ventilation, relative to natural. With a conservative adjustment for problem building status, the highest adjusted prevalence odds ratios from logistic regression models were for dry or itchy skin [mechanical: odds ratio (OR) = 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-22; air-conditioned: OR = 6.0, 95% CI = 1.7-21] and lower respiratory symptoms (mechanical: OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 0.7-11; air-conditioned: OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.1-15). GLIMMIX estimates were similar, with slightly wider confidence intervals. Reporting bias was small. These findings of symptom increases within mechanically ventilated and air-conditioned U.S. buildings support previous findings available only from European buildings. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-16,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012; Smith, Allan/F-9249-2011 NR 56 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 6 BP 583 EP 589 DI 10.1097/00001648-199611000-00004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN283 UT WOS:A1996VN28300005 PM 8899383 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Lally, C Thun, M AF Steenland, K Lally, C Thun, M TI Parity and coronary heart disease among women in the American Cancer Society CPS II population SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parity; heart disease; cohort study; mortality ID RISK; NUMBER; MEN AB Four of five cohort studies have shown an increase in cardiovascular disease with increased parity, after control for a number of cardiovascular risk factors. The effect has been observed primarily in categories of four or more livebirths. To analyze this issue further, we conducted an analysis of 585,445 women from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Survey II (CPS II). There were 4,787 deaths from coronary heart disease (International Classification of Diseases Codes 410-414) among these women during the follow-up period from 1981 to 1989. After controlling for a number of cardiovascular risk factors, we found no increased trend in heart disease with increased parity. Rate ratios for women with no livebirths or 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 or more livebirths were 1.00, 0.95, 0.89, 0.82, 0.94, 0.98, 0.94, respectively. Without control over confounders, however, we observed an increased risk for the highest parity category (rate ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.34). Positive findings for parity to date have been found primarily in cohort studies representative of the general population, whereas our own data and another earlier negative study among nurses came from more select populations likely to be relatively homogeneous for socioeconomic variables. Positive findings in the literature may be due, at least in part, to confounding by unmeasured variables related to socioeconomic status. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 1996 VL 7 IS 6 BP 641 EP 643 DI 10.1097/00001648-199611000-00014 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN283 UT WOS:A1996VN28300015 PM 8899393 ER PT J AU James, AM Oliver, JH AF James, AM Oliver, JH TI Vitellogenin concentrations in the haemolymph and ovaries of Ixodes scapularis ticks during vitellogenesis SO EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ELISA; vitellogenin; blacklegged tick ID ORNITHODOROS-PARKERI ACARI; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; FAT-BODY; REPRODUCTION; ARGASIDAE AB The vitellogenin and vitellin concentrations in the haemolymph and ovaries of Ixodes scapularis females were determined using a double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of vitellogenin in the haemolymph began to increase just prior to tick detachment from the host and continued to increase until 2 days after detachment. There was a slight decrease in the vitellogenin level 4 days after detachment, but a second peak was observed approximately 5 days after oviposition. Subsequent to oviposition, the vitellogenin levels in the haemolymph quickly decreased. The concentration of vitellogenin in the haemolymph ranged from 1.55 to 11.48 mu g mu l(-1) during the period after dropping from the host through oviposition. The concentration of vitellin in the ovaries began to increase as the female began rapid engorgement (0.03 mg per female) and declined after oviposition (0.1 mg per female). RP James, AM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24899, AI-09556] NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 20 IS 11 BP 639 EP 647 DI 10.1007/BF00053327 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WA501 UT WOS:A1996WA50100004 PM 9022267 ER PT J AU Adewusi, OI Nix, NA Lu, XT Colley, DG Secor, WE AF Adewusi, OI Nix, NA Lu, XT Colley, DG Secor, WE TI Schistosoma mansoni: Relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to morbidity and collagen deposition in chronic experimental infection SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schistosoma mansoni; trematode; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; hypersplenomegaly syndrome; moderate splenomegaly syndrome; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)alpha; age-matched control; soluble schistosome egg antigens; circulating cathodic antigen; schistosome worm antigenic preparation ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PULMONARY FIBROSIS; FACTOR PLAYS; MICE; EGG; INFLAMMATION; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; SILICA; RNA AB Relationship of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to morbidity and collagen deposition in chronic experimental infection. Experimental Parasitology 84, 115-123. Chronic (20-week) Schistosoma mansoni infections in male CBA/J mice present as one of two pathophysiologic forms: severe hypersplenomegaly syndrome (HSS) or a less severe, moderate splenomegaly syndrome (MSS). HSS mice are cachectic (including anemia and hypertriglyceridemia) and exhibit high levels of periportal and perioval fibrosis. Because tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is associated with the symptoms of cachexia, we measured TNF-alpha protein and mRNA levels in the Livers of infected and uninfected animals. TNF-alpha levels in liver homogenates from mice with acute infections (8-week) were high (mean +/- SEM; 41.0 +/- 1.6 ng/g tissue) and remained high in livers of HSS mice (41.8 +/- 3.0 ng/g tissue) while TNF-alpha levels in liver homogenates of MSS mice were significantly lower (27.9 +/- 2.0 ng/g tissue). Similarly, hepatic TNF-alpha mRNA levels from HSS mice were two- to threefold higher than those from MSS mice. Hydroxyproline levels in these animals were determined as a measure of collagen deposition and fibrosis and showed increased overall levels in the livers of HSS animals. To investigate the progression of HSS development, hematocrit and serum triglyceride levels were followed over a 20-week period after infection. In mice that developed HSS, hematocrit levels decreased significantly and progressively from Weeks 10 through 20. These same animals showed significant increases in serum triglycerides compared to 8-week-infected mice or the mice which developed MSS over the same time period. These results suggest that failure to downregulate hepatic production of TNF-alpha correlates with, and may contribute to, the development of liver fibrosis and HSS in experimental schistosomiasis. C1 MERTU,HHS,USEMB,APO,AA 34024. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Adewusi, OI (reprint author), FERRIS STATE UNIV,BIG RAPIDS,MI 49307, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI11289] NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 84 IS 2 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1006/expr.1996.0097 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA VV584 UT WOS:A1996VV58400002 PM 8932761 ER PT J AU Landry, DJ Forrest, JD AF Landry, DJ Forrest, JD TI Public health departments providing sexually transmitted disease services SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL BEDFELLOWS; STRANGE AB Results of a 1995 survey reveal that 1,437 local health departments-half of those in the country-provide sexually transmitted disease (STD) services and receive about two million client visits each year. Their clients are predominantly individuals with incomes of less than 250% of the poverty level (83%), women (60%) and non-Hispanic whites or blacks (55% and 35%, respectively); 36% of clients are younger than 20, and 30% are aged 20-24. On average, 23% of clients tested for STDs have chlamydia, 13% have gonorrhea, 3% have early-stage syphilis, 18% have some other STD and 43% have no STD. Virtually all public STD programs offer testing and treatment for gonorrhea and syphilis; only 82% test for chlamydia, but 97% provide treatment for it. Some 14% offer services only in sessions dedicated to STD care, 37% always integrate STD and other services, such as family planning, in the same clinic sessions, and 49% offer both separate and integrated sessions. STD programs that integrate services with other health care typically cover nonmetropolitan areas, have small caseloads, serve mainly women and provide a variety of contraceptives. In contrast, those that offer services only in dedicated sessions generally are in metropolitan areas and have large caseloads; most of their clients are men, and few provide contraceptive methods other than the male condom. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Landry, DJ (reprint author), ALAN GUTTMACHER INST,120 WALL ST,NEW YORK,NY 10005, USA. FU OFP OPHS HHS [FPR000057] NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 28 IS 6 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.2307/2136055 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA XW765 UT WOS:A1996XW76500003 PM 8959416 ER PT J AU DeRosa, CT Johnson, BL Fay, M Hansen, H Mumtaz, MM AF DeRosa, CT Johnson, BL Fay, M Hansen, H Mumtaz, MM TI Public health implications of hazardous waste sites: Findings, assessment and research SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In this paper we present an overview of the chemicals released from hazardous waste sites (HWS) and some of the mixtures of substances that have been released into environmental media. We describe how this information can be used to assess the public health hazard of releases of chemical mixtures from waste sites. Wherever possible, research on chemical mixtures should use chemical mixtures actually identified in, or representative of, mixtures in environmental media. A narrative, weight-of-evidence approach to characterize the toxicity of mixtures that incorporates mechanistic insights on chemical interactions is described. The utility of this information in the context of risk analysis and public health practice is discussed. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP DeRosa, CT (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00084-7 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA WP015 UT WOS:A1996WP01500017 PM 9119326 ER PT J AU Ray, RM Mumtaz, MM AF Ray, RM Mumtaz, MM TI Development of a priority list of chemical mixtures occurring at 1188 hazardous waste sites, using the HazDat database SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund) section 104 mandate, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 USC 9604 (i)(2), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is to identify individual substances and combinations of substances that pose the greatest public health hazard at hazardous waste sites. This has led to certain mandated activities of the Agency, including development of toxicological profiles, identification of data gaps, and, ultimately, establishment of a research agenda. The Agency has also developed HazDat, a database that captures pertinent information from public health assessments conducted at hazardous waste sites. As a preliminary step, data from sites have been analysed to identify the combinations of chemicals found in various environmental media. The most frequently found combinations were perchloroethylene (PERC) and trichloroethylene (TCE) in water (23.5% of sites); chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in soil (20.5%); benzene and toluene in air (3.5%); PERC, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (I,I,1-TCA) and TCE in water (11.6%); Cr, cadmium (Cd) and Pb in soil (12.0%); and benzene, PERC and TCE in air (2.2%). The findings of this analysis can be enhanced by factoring into the algorithm paramenters such as toxicity, source contribution, and likelihood of human exposure similar to that used for the Agency's priority list of 275 single substances. Assessment of the impact of chemical mixtures on human health is a formidable task, and estimating the toxicity of such mixtures, including the role of chemical interactions, is an equally demanding challenge. Because limited experimental data exist for chemical interactions, alternative methods such as predictive approaches and in vitro techniques are needed to address the many substances and their potential combinations. Copyright (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Ray, RM (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV TOXICOL,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1163 EP 1165 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA WP015 UT WOS:A1996WP01500023 ER PT J AU Fay, RM Feron, VJ AF Fay, RM Feron, VJ TI Complex mixtures: Hazard identification and risk assessment SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Regarding risk evaluation of complex mixtures, the Working Group discussed the following topics: evaluation of the mixture as a whole, fractionation of the mixture, identification of the 'top ten' chemicals, and composite standards. It was concluded that no standard methodology for hazard identification and risk assessment of complex mixtures yet exists, but assessment of complex mixtures must proceed, using all available information, methods, technology, expertise and experience. The development of a decision tree for tackling complex mixtures was recommended, and the need to move forward with instituting standards for mixtures, especially in job-oriented situations, was emphasized. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 TNO,DIV TOXICOL,NUTR & FOOD RES INST,NL-3700 AJ ZEIST,NETHERLANDS. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1175 EP 1176 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00094-X PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA WP015 UT WOS:A1996WP01500027 PM 9119336 ER PT J AU Bolt, HM Mumtaz, MM AF Bolt, HM Mumtaz, MM TI Risk assessment of mixtures and standard setting: Working towards practical compromises SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-MIXTURES AB Basic concepts of 'dose/concentration additivity' and 'response addition/independence' may be applied to evaluate chemical mixtures in human toxicology, as well as in ecotoxicology. In the case of compounds that cause the same toxicological effect by the same mechanism: 'dose addition' is a more plausible form of joint action than 'response addition'. Data on the effects of halogenated hydrocarbons on the kidney, the effects of organic solvents on the central nervous system, and the effects of organophosphates on cholinesterase, are the basis of this assumption. For such compounds, response addition will generally underestimate risk. None the less, both dose addition and response addition are 'non-interactive' forms of joint action. As such, neither additivity assumption will accurately predict risk for compounds that exhibit toxicological interactions regardless of the primary mechanism(s) of toxicity. More often, the additivity approach overestimates the risk of a combination of chemicals. From a public health perspective, such results over-protect the public; hence this approach can be used for standard setting. The introduction of a special safety factor of 10 for the standard setting for mixtures in addition to those normally used for deriving acceptable daily intakes, reference doses or minimal risk levels is not supported by data. Instead, each exposure scenario should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, considerations of multiple endpoints, including multiple organs, multiple effects, multiple mechanisms and potential interactions between such mechanisms, are very desirable for overall toxicity and risk assessment of chemical mixtures. In conclusion, additivity could be used to estimate potential risks for a combination of chemicals: only if scientific data support independence of effects can response independence be used as an alternative for standard setting. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV DORTMUND,INST ARBEITSPHYSIOL,D-44139 DORTMUND,GERMANY. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11-12 BP 1179 EP 1181 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00096-3 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA WP015 UT WOS:A1996WP01500029 PM 9119338 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Hawley, WA Collins, FH AF Lehmann, T Hawley, WA Collins, FH TI An evaluation of evolutionary constraints on microsatellite loci using null alleles SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID STEPWISE MUTATION MODEL; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; REPEAT LOCI; ROSY LOCUS; DNA; POPULATIONS; FREQUENCIES; POLYMORPHISMS AB A test to evaluate constraints on the evolution of single microsatellite loci is described. The test assumes that microsatellite alleles that share the same flanking sequence constitute a series of alleles with a common descent that is distinct fi om alleles with a mutation in the flanking sequence. Thus two or more differ ent series of alleles at a given locus represent the outcomes of different evolutionary processes. The higher rate of mutations within the repeat region (10(-9) or 10(-4)) compared with that of insertion/deletion or point mutations in adjacent nanking regions (10(-9)) or with that of recombination between the repeat and the point mutation (10(-6) for sequences 100 bp long) provides the rationale for this assumption. Using a two-phase, stepwise mutation model we simulated the evolution of a number of independent series of alleles and constructed the distributions of two similarity indices between pairs of these allele series. Applying this approach to empirical data fi-om locus AG2H46 of Anopheles gambiae resulted in a significant excess of similarity between the main and the null series, indicating that constraints affect allele distribution in this locus. Practical considerations of the test are discussed. C1 EMORY UNIV, DEPT BIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR, CLIN RES CTR, NAIROBI, KENYA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV PARASIT DIS, MAILSTOP F22, 4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY, CHAMBLEE, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 4 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 144 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1163 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VP826 UT WOS:A1996VP82600026 PM 8913757 ER PT J AU Pulley, L McAlister, AL Kay, LS OReilly, K AF Pulley, L McAlister, AL Kay, LS OReilly, K TI Prevention campaigns for hard-to-reach populations at risk for HIV infection: Theory and implementation SO HEALTH EDUCATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-KARELIA PROJECT; HEALTH AB Using applied behavioral science techniques that have been successful in other areas of health promotion, community-level campaigns were implemented in 5 cities to prevent HIV infection among hard-to-reach, at-risk populations: men who have sex with men but do not self-identify as gay; women who engage in sex for money or drugs; injecting drug users (IDUs); female sex partners of IDUs: and youth in high-risk situations. Communication materials presented positive role models for risk-reducing behaviors, and peer networks prompted and reinforced the behavior change process. This article describes the first year of intervention experience and documents the practical application of theoretical concepts of persuasion and learning. The use of theory and data to develop 188 educational messages is illustrated and training methods and experiences are reported for 150 peer leaders, 104 other community networkers, and 22 outreach workers. These activities are feasible and appear to offer an effective, general approach for diverse, special populations. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH BEHAV,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BEHAV INTERVENT RES BRANCH,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. WHO,DIV REPROD HLTH TECH SUPPORT,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0195-8402 J9 HEALTH EDUC QUART JI Health Educ. Q. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.1177/109019819602300408 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN725 UT WOS:A1996VN72500011 PM 8910026 ER PT J AU Jarvis, WR AF Jarvis, WR TI Infections linked to anesthetic - Reply SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 11 BP 712 EP 712 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VT480 UT WOS:A1996VT48000002 ER PT J AU Garrett, DO Jarvis, WR AF Garrett, DO Jarvis, WR TI The expanding role of healthcare epidemiology - Home and long-term care SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTRAVENOUS ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; INFUSION THERAPY; SYSTEM C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 11 BP 714 EP 717 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VT480 UT WOS:A1996VT48000005 PM 8934236 ER PT J AU Mangram, A Jarvis, WR AF Mangram, A Jarvis, WR TI Nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; POVIDONE-IODINE; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 11 BP 718 EP 720 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VT480 UT WOS:A1996VT48000006 PM 8934237 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Oxtoby, MJ Augustyniak, L Caldwell, MB Wiley, SD Simonds, RJ AF Lobato, MN Oxtoby, MJ Augustyniak, L Caldwell, MB Wiley, SD Simonds, RJ TI Infection control practices in the home: A survey of households of HIV-infected persons with hemophilia SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEROPOSITIVE HEMOPHILIACS; SEXUAL PARTNERS; ANTIBODY STATUS; CONTACTS; TRANSMISSION; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To assess infection control practices and risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in households where home infusion for hemophilia is used. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prospective survey from 1992 through 1994. SETTING: Hemophilia treatment centers. PARTICIPANTS: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons with hemophilia who receive home infusions of clotting factor concentrate and their household members. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of specific infection control practices in the home and the risk of HIV transmission to household members. RESULTS: We surveyed 235 persons from 75 families (79 HIV-infected persons with hemophilia and 156 household members) about infection control practices in the home. Forty-eight percent of household members surveyed helped with the infusion process. Of 74 members who assisted with infusion, 13 (18%) had sustained a needlestick injury, 11 of whom were injured during the past year. One hundred fifty household members tested for antibody to HIV were antibody negative. These household members had a total of 903 person-years of contact after HIV was diagnosed in the index case. Household members' adherence to recommended infection control measures was highest for washing hands after cleaning up infusion equipment and waste, and for using sharps disposal containers. Adherence was lowest for wearing gloves when helping with infusions and proper disposal of bloody waste from the infusion. CONCLUSIONS: No HIV transmission was found among persons living with HIV-infected persons with hemophilia, although there was a high rate of needlestick injuries during home infusion. Because persons who assisted with infusions often did not wear gloves and many households did not dispose of bloody waste properly, hemophilia treatment center personnel should emphasize these areas when training for home infusion. Adherence to appropriate infection control practices should help to keep the risk of HIV transmission in households extremely low. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL HEMOPHILIA FDN,NEW YORK,NY. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 11 BP 721 EP 725 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VT480 UT WOS:A1996VT48000007 PM 8934238 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Hannan, J Simonds, RJ Riske, B Evatt, BL AF Lobato, MN Hannan, J Simonds, RJ Riske, B Evatt, BL TI Attitudes, practices, and infection risks of hemophilia treatment center nurses who teach infection control for the home SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CARE; HIV; SURVEILLANCE; PRECAUTIONS; WORKERS AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the practices toward infection control training and to assess the attitudes about, and risks for, exposures to blood among hemophilia treatment center (HTC) nurses who teach home infusion therapy (HIT). DESIGN AND POPULATION: Written and telephone interview surveys of the 153 nurses who teach HIT at federally funded HTCs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hemophilia treatment center nurses' teaching practices and infection control messages taught, and frequency of exposures to blood. RESULTS: The response rate to the written nurses survey was 60% and to the telephone interview 88%. Nurses taught patients a median of three HIT sessions totaling 4 hours of instruction. Reevaluation of patients' HIT practices took place every 6 months by 22% and every 12 months by 59% of nurses. Nurses frequently reported teaching proper use of a sharps disposal container (99%) and gloves (93%), but less often reported teaching patients to wash hands after infusions (26%) and to report needlestick injuries to HTCs (11%). me respondents identified several barriers to effective infection control as it is practiced in the home by patients. Although at least 30% of HTC nurses recalled having had percutaneous exposure to blood, they considered their risk for hepatitis B infection low but greater than for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CONCLUSIONS: While some important infection control messages are stressed during HIT teaching, others may be underemphasized. Failure to instruct patients about all infection control precautions may be related to nurse educators' perception of low to moderate personal risk for hepatitis B and HIV infection. Patients receiving HIT, and those who assist them, need to be fully aware of, and to have reinforced periodically, universal infection control strategies in the home. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL HEMOPHILIA FDN,NURSING COMM,NEW YORK,NY. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 17 IS 11 BP 726 EP 731 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VT480 UT WOS:A1996VT48000008 PM 8934239 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Resnick, HS Foy, DW Dansky, BS Flanders, WD Stroup, NE AF Barrett, DH Resnick, HS Foy, DW Dansky, BS Flanders, WD Stroup, NE TI Combat exposure and adult psychosocial adjustment among US Army veterans sewing in Vietnam, 1965-1971 SO JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BORDERLINE PERSONALITY-DISORDER; EXPERIENCES AB This study investigated the relationship between combat exposure and adult antisocial behavior in a sample of 2,490 male Army veterans of the Vietnam War who completed questionnaires about their psychological functioning. After adjustment for history of childhood behavior problems, posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis, and demographic and military characteristics, it was found that veterans who experienced high and very high levels of combat were twice as likely to report adult antisocial behavior as veterans with no or low levels of combat and were also more likely to meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder. The results indicate that exposure to traumatic events during late adolescence or early adulthood is associated with multiple adult adjustment problems in vocational, interpersonal, and societal functioning. Treatment focusing on the effects of the trauma is likely to be necessary but not sufficient for improving affected veterans' behavior. C1 MED UNIV S CAROLINA,NATL CRIME VICTIMS RES & TREATMENT CTR,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. PEPPERDINE UNIV,GRAD SCH EDUC PSYCHOL,MALIBU,CA 90265. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0021-843X J9 J ABNORM PSYCHOL JI J. Abnorm. Psychol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 105 IS 4 BP 575 EP 581 PG 7 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA VQ840 UT WOS:A1996VQ84000009 PM 8952190 ER PT J AU Solomon, L Moore, J Gleghorn, A Astemborski, J Vlahov, D AF Solomon, L Moore, J Gleghorn, A Astemborski, J Vlahov, D TI HIV testing behaviors in a population of inner-city women at high risk for HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prevention; HIV serodiagnosis; HIV counseling and testing; women AB The relationship between HIV testing history, HIV serostatus, and risk behaviors was examined to investigate factors associated with obtaining an HIV test, returning for results, or receiving multiple tests. Seven hundred and five volunteers for an HIV study were questioned about prior HIV testing, drug and sexual practices, and sociodemographic characteristics. Women who reported a prior HIV test were compared with those without a previous test; women who returned for test results were compared with those not returning; and women who reported multiple tests were compared with those having only one test. Seventy-five percent of the women reported a prior test; 12% had not returned for test results; 46% reported multiple tests. Women reporting higher levels of HIV risk behaviors were more likely to have been tested and to return for results. Injection drug use and having four or more sex partners were significantly associated with repeated HIV testing. Over one third of the women with substantial HIV risk practices had not been HIV tested or failed to obtain test results. Women who obtained multiple HIV tests were more likely to report high-risk practices in spite of having received risk counseling with repeated testing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PROGRAM INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD. RP Solomon, L (reprint author), MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,AIDS ADM,500 N CALVERT ST,5TH FLOOR,BALTIMORE,MD 21202, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU 3068] NR 16 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 13 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VQ223 UT WOS:A1996VQ22300009 PM 8898672 ER PT J AU Ittiravivongs, A Likanonsakul, S Mastro, TD Tansuphasawadikul, S Young, N Naiwatanakul, T Kitayaporn, D Limpakarnjanarat, K AF Ittiravivongs, A Likanonsakul, S Mastro, TD Tansuphasawadikul, S Young, N Naiwatanakul, T Kitayaporn, D Limpakarnjanarat, K TI Evaluation of a confirmatory HIV testing strategy in Thailand not using Western blot SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 BAMRASNARADURA INFECT DIS HOSP,MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. RP Ittiravivongs, A (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD NOV 1 PY 1996 VL 13 IS 3 BP 296 EP 297 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA VQ223 UT WOS:A1996VQ22300015 PM 8898678 ER PT J AU Brock, JW Burse, VW Ashley, DL Najam, AR Green, VE Korver, MP Powell, MK Hodge, CC Needham, LL AF Brock, JW Burse, VW Ashley, DL Najam, AR Green, VE Korver, MP Powell, MK Hodge, CC Needham, LL TI An improved analysis for chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human and bovine sera using solid-phase extraction SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; CLEANUP; SAMPLES RP Brock, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 18 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 20 IS 7 BP 528 EP 536 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA VT933 UT WOS:A1996VT93300003 PM 8934301 ER PT J AU Bergman, JW Salby, ML AF Bergman, JW Salby, ML TI Diurnal variations of cloud cover and their relationship to climatological conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CONVECTION; PRECIPITATION; RADIANCES; ISCCP; VARIABILITY; BEHAVIOR; BUDGET AB The ISCCP-C2 cloud climatology is used to describe the three-dimensional structure of cloud diurnal variations and to investigate their relationship to local climatological conditions. The latter follows from the regression of diurnal components onto climatological state variables. Four important diurnal cloud categories are identified. The diurnal variation of maritime high-cloud fraction C-hi' maximizes at 1700 local solar time (LST) and is strongest over maritime convective locations where the mean high-cloud fraction is (C) over bar (hi)) 0.1. The diurnal variation of maritime low-cloud fraction maximizes at 0400 LST and is strong over maritime nonconvective locations where <(C)over bar (hi)> < 0.1. Diurnal variations of high-cloud fraction (persistent during the night, minimum at 1100 LST) and low-cloud fraction (1300 LST maximum) are strong over all continental locations in the latitude band 40 degrees S-40 degrees N. In each cloud category, most of the diurnal amplitude and phase at individual locations is explained by the regression of diurnal amplitude onto only three climatological state variables. For most categories, the diurnal amplitude has its strongest relationship with mean cloud fraction. The relationship between relative diurnal amplitude (amplitude divided by the mean) and other climatological properties is then particularly meaningful. The relative amplitude of maritime high-cloud fraction is related to the mean total-cloud fraction and the noontime solar zenith angle, which measures the solar diurnal amplitude. The diurnal amplitude of maritime low-cloud fraction does not have its strongest relationship with the mean low-cloud fraction, but has strong relationships to the upper-level cloud fraction, cloud-top height, and the solar diurnal amplitude. The relative amplitude of continental high-cloud fraction is related most strongly to the time-mean surface temperature, the diurnal amplitude of surface temperature, and the solar diurnal amplitude. The relative amplitude of continental low-cloud fraction has strong relationships with atmospheric moisture content and the diurnal amplitude of surface temperature. In contrast to amplitude, diurnal phase does not exhibit a strong relationship with any climatological variable. Instead, it is uniform within individual categories, which makes cloud diurnal variations independent of geographical location and, therefore, highly spatially coherent. The spatial coherence of cloud diurnal variations makes them an important ingredient of climate, one that affords some predictability in terms of local climatological conditions. RP Bergman, JW (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,CDC,CTR ATMOSPHER THEORY & ANAL,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2802 EP 2820 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2802:DVOCCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VX838 UT WOS:A1996VX83800010 ER PT J AU Baker, CN Tenover, FC AF Baker, CN Tenover, FC TI Evaluation of Alamar colorimetric broth microdilution susceptibility testing method for staphylococci and enterococci SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; DISK DIFFUSION; BACTERIA; ABILITY; SYSTEM AB We compared the results of the Alamar broth microdilution susceptibility testing method with the results of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference broth microdilution method for 119 gram-positive organisms, The strains were tested for their susceptibilities to 20 antimicrobial agents, Only appropriate antimicrobial agents were evaluated for each species of bacteria, Absolute categorical agreement between the reference method and the test method was 91.5% for enterococci, 99.8% for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci, and 97.4% for oxacillin-resistant staphylococci. Essential agreement (percent complete agreement plus percent minor errors) was >99% for all organisms tested, The results for enterococci showed no ver?; major errors, one major error with ofloxacin, and numerous minor errors with the quinolones. However, all except one of the minor errors were within +/-1 log(2) dilution of the reference result, For staphylococci, only 2 very major errors (one each with chloramphenicol and oxacillin), 1 major error (chloramphenicol), and 15 minor errors (multiple drugs) were observed. The Alamar colorimetric system was easy to use and the results were easy to read, It appears to be an acceptable method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of staphylococci and enterococci. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH G08,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2654 EP 2659 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600004 PM 8897159 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JH Swenson, JM Tenover, FC Barry, A Ferraro, MJ Murray, PR Reller, LB AF Jorgensen, JH Swenson, JM Tenover, FC Barry, A Ferraro, MJ Murray, PR Reller, LB TI Development of interpretive criteria and quality control limits for macrolide and clindamycin susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTICS; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE AB A six-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to develop MIC and zone diameter quality control limits and interpretive criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae with azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, and clindamycin. The MICs of all of the agents plus erythromycin for 302 clinical isolates of pneumococci that had been selected with an emphasis on resistant strains were determined by use of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)-recommended broth microdilution procedure, The zone diameters of the isolates were also determined for the same agents except erythromycin by the NCCLS disk diffusion test procedure, Repeated testing of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 with different sources and lots of media and disks allowed development of MIC and zone diameter quality control ranges for these agents, Interpretive criteria for the MIC of azithromycin were established and were as follows: susceptible, less than or equal to 0.5 mu g/ml; intermediate, 1 mu g/ml; and resistant, greater than or equal to 2 mu g/ml. The interpretive criteria advocated for the MICs of clarithromycin and clindamycin were as follows: susceptible, less than or equal to 0.25 mu g/ml; intermediate, 0.5 mu g/ml; and resistant, greater than or equal to 1 mu g/ml. Comparison of MICs and disk diffusion zone diameters led to the development of interpretive criteria for the zone diameters for azithromycin, clarithromycin, and clindamycin that correlated well with these MIC breakpoints. Testing of this organism collection also led to the reestablishment of the erythromycin MIC breakpoints as being identical to those of clarithromycin, which resulted in equivalent cross-susceptibility and cross-resistance for the three macrolides that are currently marketed in the United States, Thus, the susceptibility of pneumococci to azithromycin and clarithromycin can be predicted accurately by testing only erythromycin in clinical laboratories, This recommendation, as well as the interpretive and quality control criteria that are described, have been accepted by NCCLS and are included in the latest NCCLS susceptibility testing guidelines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,TUALATIN,OR 97062. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02114. WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT LAB MED,ST LOUIS,MO. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIAL LAB,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2679 EP 2684 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600009 PM 8897164 ER PT J AU Singer, DA Jochimsen, EM Gielerak, P Jarvis, WR AF Singer, DA Jochimsen, EM Gielerak, P Jarvis, WR TI Pseudo-outbreak of Enterococcus durans infections and colonization associated with introduction of an automated identification system software update SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN; RESISTANT AB Enterococci are an important cause of hospital-acquired infections, Since 1989, there has been an increase in the number of nosocomial enterococcal infections caused by strains resistant to vancomycin in the United States, Although many enterococcal species can colonize humans, only Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. raffinosus, and E. casseliflavus have been implicated in clusters of infection, In January 1996, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received a report of an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in which 31 of 84 (36.9%) isolates were identified as E. durans, Twenty-nine isolates identified as E. durans were identified to the species level after the introduction of an automated identification system software update (Vitek gram-positive identification card, version R09.1) for the identification of species of gram-positive organisms, When seven isolates initially reported as E. durans were identified to the species level by alternate methods, they were found to be E. faecium. Subsequently, isolates identified as E. durans by the automated system were reidentified by using a rapid streptococcus test, and no further enterococcal isolate has been confirmed as E. durans, Automated microbial analysis is a potential source of error that is not easily recognized. When laboratory findings are discordant with expected clinical or epidemiologic patterns, confirmatory testing by alternate methods should be performed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COMMUNITY HOSP E,DEPT MICROBIOL,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2685 EP 2687 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600010 PM 8897165 ER PT J AU Calder, JAM Reddy, GR Chieves, L Courtney, CH Littell, R Livengood, JR Norval, RAI Smith, C Dame, JB AF Calder, JAM Reddy, GR Chieves, L Courtney, CH Littell, R Livengood, JR Norval, RAI Smith, C Dame, JB TI Monitoring Babesia bovis infections in cattle by using PCR-based tests SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; DNA PROBE; BIGEMINA; BLOOD; EQUI AB The sensitivity and specificity of PCR tests based on the small-subunit rRNA gene sequence of Babesia bovis were compared in a blind study of experimentally infected cattle with the corresponding parameters of the complement fixation (CF) test currently used in the United States to screen for bovine babesiosis. Cattle were experimentally infected with a single inoculum of a cloned laboratory strain of B. bovis. Blood samples were collected and tested over a period covering from the day of infection to 10 months postinfection, The level of parasitemia (percent infected erythrocytes) present in each sample was estimated from test results and was plotted as a function of time postinfection. These data are the first describing the course of infection by methods capable of detecting parasitemias in the range of 10(-7)%, which frequently occur in the carrier state, Parasitemias in the samples tested strongly influenced the sensitivity and negative predictive value of the PCR-based tests which varied with time postinfection, The average sensitivities of the three PCR-based tests for B. bovis ranged from 58 to 70% for a single determination, while the sensitivity of the CF test was only 6%. Both PCR-based and CF tests for B. bovis had high specificity values ranging from 96 to 100%. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT STAT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,AGR DIAG BACTERIOL,AMES,IA 50010. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROMEGA CORP,MADISON,WI 53711. RI Calder, Jennifer/F-4508-2015 OI Calder, Jennifer/0000-0003-4758-611X NR 35 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2748 EP 2755 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600022 PM 8897177 ER PT J AU Wilmoth, BA Chu, MC Quan, TJ AF Wilmoth, BA Chu, MC Quan, TJ TI Identification of Yersinia pestis by BBL crystal enteric/nonfermenter identification system SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; MICROMETHOD AB The BBL Crystal Enteric/Nonfermenter System (Crystal) was used to test 25 archived isolates of Yersinia pestis to obtain a unique biochemical profile code for Y. pestis. The revised Crystal system and the API 20E system were compared by using 12 clinical human isolates of Y. pestis. Crystal correctly identified 11 of the 12 isolates, while API correctly identified 7 of the 12 isolates. RP Wilmoth, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2829 EP 2830 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600037 PM 8897192 ER PT J AU Didier, ES Visvesvara, GS Baker, MD Rogers, LB Bertucci, DC DeGroote, MA Vossbrinck, CR AF Didier, ES Visvesvara, GS Baker, MD Rogers, LB Bertucci, DC DeGroote, MA Vossbrinck, CR TI A microsporidian isolated from an AIDS patient corresponds to Encephalitozoon cuniculi III, originally isolated from domestic dogs SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HELLEM; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; SEQUENCES; DNA AB The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of a recently cultured human Encephalitozoon cuniculi isolate was analyzed by gene amplification and DNA sequencing. Restriction endonuclease digestion (FokI) and double-stranded DNA heteroduplex mobility shift analysis were performed to determine their utility for strain differentiation. The human E. cuniculi isolate was identical to E. cuniculi III, which had been isolated only from domestic dogs until now. The patient providing the isolate owned a pet dog, but no microsporidia were detected in the pet's urine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ILLINOIS NAT HIST SURVEY,CTR ECON ENTOMOL,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61801. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,DENVER,CO 80262. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DIV PATHOL,DENVER,CO 80262. RP Didier, ES (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,18703 3 RIVERS RD,COVINGTON,LA 70433, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00164]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI36153] NR 19 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2835 EP 2837 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600039 PM 8897194 ER PT J AU Feng, P Fields, PI Swaminathan, B Whittam, TS AF Feng, P Fields, PI Swaminathan, B Whittam, TS TI Characterization of nonmotile variants of Escherichia coli O157 and other serotypes by using an antiflagellin monoclonal antibody SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; FLAGELLIN GENES; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; INFECTIONS AB An antiflagellin monoclonal antibody (15D8) was used to detect the presence of flagella in nonmotile variants of several pathogenic Escherichia coli serotypes. Of the 48 isolates examined, 15 reacted with monoclonal antibody 15D8 and were culturally confirmed to be motile. Of the 38 clinical strains designated O157:NM or O157:H-, 7 were antibody reactive and motile and agglutinated with anti-H7 sera. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Feng, P (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,DIV MICROBIOL STUDIES,HFS-516,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 34 IS 11 BP 2856 EP 2859 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VM556 UT WOS:A1996VM55600046 PM 8897201 ER PT J AU Friede, A OCarroll, PW AF Friede, A OCarroll, PW TI CDC and ATSDR electronic information resources for health officers SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; SYSTEM; WONDER AB This article catalogues some of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) more important information resource offerings, which make public health information accessible via computer and automated telephone systems and on electronic media (diskette and CD-ROM). We review mechanism for (1) finding and retrieving CDC reports, (2) querying CDC's numeric data files, (3) transmitting surveillance and other data files to CDC, (4) exchanging electronic mail with CDC staff, and (5) disseminating state and local public health information and data using CDC tools. Each resource is followed with a section on how to obtain access to these resources. RP Friede, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD NOV PY 1996 VL 59 IS 4 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP563 UT WOS:A1996VP56300005 ER PT J AU Erdman, DD Durigon, EL Wang, QY Anderson, LJ AF Erdman, DD Durigon, EL Wang, QY Anderson, LJ TI Genetic diversity of human parvovirus B19: Sequence analysis of the VP1/VP2 gene from multiple isolates SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM; APLASTIC CRISIS; GENOME TYPE; REGION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; VARIABILITY; ANTIBODIES; EPITOPES; SURFACE AB To evaluate the genetic variability of human parvovirus B19, the complete coding region of the VP1/VP2 structural proteins of 29 B19 isolates obtained from 25 infected patients were sequenced and compared with each other and with two previously published gig isolates. The VP1/VP2 gene was amplified by PCR using B19-specific oligonucleotide primers and the amplification products were sequenced directly. Overall, the average nucleotide and predicted amino acid identity among B19 isolates was high. Sequential virus isolates from the same cases and isolates obtained from two cases linked by transmission in the same household were essentially identical. Sequence variation was minimal among isolates obtained from a single community-wide gig outbreak, ranging between 0 and 10 (0 . 4%) base substitutions, although there appeared to be more than one genetic lineage circulating in the outbreak. A comparison with 18 additional isolates from distinct epidemiological settings found greater variability. These isolates differed from each other by between 11 (0 . 5%) and 112 (4 . 8%) base substitutions. B19 isolates from Xi'an, China, were significantly different from other isolates at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels, and were more closely related to a single isolate from Japan, obtained 10 years earlier, than to isolates from other countries. Isolates examined in this study included distinct genotypes from patients with similar clinical presentations and similar genotypes from patients with diverse clinical presentations. These data suggest that geographically defined genetic lineages of B19 may exist and that no particular B19 genotype was associated with a particular clinical outcome. C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH HOSP SHAANXI PROV,XIAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 77 BP 2767 EP 2774 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-77-11-2767 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA VT286 UT WOS:A1996VT28600011 PM 8922470 ER PT J AU Buchbinder, SP Douglas, JM McKirnan, DJ Judson, FN Katz, MH MacQueen, KM AF Buchbinder, SP Douglas, JM McKirnan, DJ Judson, FN Katz, MH MacQueen, KM TI Feasibility of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine trials in homosexual men in the United States: Risk behavior, seroincidence, and willingness to participate SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; SEXUAL PRACTICES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CONDOM BREAKAGE; COHORT; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative high-risk homosexual men were enrolled in a vaccine feasibility study in three US cities, HIV seroincidence was 2.3/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-2.9) over 18 months in 1975 men. After receiving an explanation of I-W vaccine trial design, 37% stated they were ''definitely'' willing to participate in future trials; seroincidence was 3.7/100 person-years (95% CI, 2.5-4.9) in this subgroup, An additional 57% ''might be'' or were ''probably'' willing. Independent predictors of HIV seroconversion in multivariable pooled logistic regression analysis were having a known HIV-seropositive sex partner (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% CI, 2.6-7.8), injection drug use (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.7), unprotected receptive anal sex (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.2), condom failure (OR, 2.4; 95% CII 1,4-4,1), gonococcal/nongonococcal urethritis (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.7), and age <25 years (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2). Interest in vaccine trials and seroincidence in high-risk homosexual men are sufficiently high to initiate efficacy trials once a suitable candidate vaccine is identified, Risk factors for seroconversion highlight important areas for development of ancillary intervention strategies. C1 DENVER DEPT PUBL HLTH,DENVER,CO. HOWARD BROWN HLTH CTR,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Buchbinder, SP (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,RES BRANCH,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU502714-07, U64/CCU802715-06, U64/CCU900523-11] NR 42 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 174 IS 5 BP 954 EP 961 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN181 UT WOS:A1996VN18100008 PM 8896495 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Hofmann, J Cetron, MS Elliott, JA Facklam, RR Breiman, RF Camp, C Charache, P Dern, R Jackson, M Hadley, WK HoppeBauer, J Jacobs, MR Schreiber, J Boxerbaum, B Menuey, BC Tyler, PG Monahan, J Moore, H Siegel, JD Sherer, D Rogers, P Welch, D Fine, D Radike, J Fiore, A Alexander, M Deaver, K AF Butler, JC Hofmann, J Cetron, MS Elliott, JA Facklam, RR Breiman, RF Camp, C Charache, P Dern, R Jackson, M Hadley, WK HoppeBauer, J Jacobs, MR Schreiber, J Boxerbaum, B Menuey, BC Tyler, PG Monahan, J Moore, H Siegel, JD Sherer, D Rogers, P Welch, D Fine, D Radike, J Fiore, A Alexander, M Deaver, K TI The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the centers for disease control and prevention's pneumococcal sentinel surveillance system SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; SEROTYPE DISTRIBUTION; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; MULTIPLE CLONES; OTITIS-MEDIA; RISK-FACTORS; CARE-CENTER AB As part of ongoing national surveillance, serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done on all pneumococcal isolates recovered from normally sterile body sites of patients at 12 hospitals in 11 states during 1993-1994. Of 740 isolates, 14.1% were penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP; MIC greater than or equal to 0,1 mu g/mL), 3.2% were penicillin-resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 2.0 mu g/mL), and 25.5% were nonsusceptible to more than one antimicrobial agent. PNSP were more prevalent among children <6 years old (18.4%) than patients greater than or equal to 18 years old (11.7%) and among white persons (16.2%) than black persons (12.1%). PNSP represented 15 serotypes, but 89% of PNSP were serotypes in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, The proportion of isolates with reduced susceptibility and the number of serotypes of nonsusceptible strains are increasing in the United States. Improved local surveillance for PNSP infections,judicious use of antibiotics, and development and use of effective pneumococcal vaccines will be required to treat and prevent disease caused by these strains. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 57 TC 286 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 174 IS 5 BP 986 EP 993 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN181 UT WOS:A1996VN18100012 PM 8896499 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Kombarova, SY Reeves, MW Nakao, H Mazurova, IK Wharton, M Wachsmuth, IK Wenger, JD AF Popovic, T Kombarova, SY Reeves, MW Nakao, H Mazurova, IK Wharton, M Wachsmuth, IK Wenger, JD TI Molecular epidemiology of diphtheria in Russia, 1985-1994 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; TOXIGENIC CORYNEBACTERIUM-DIPHTHERIAE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MULTIPLE CLONES; IMMUNITY; STRAINS; POPULATION; OUTBREAK; TETANUS; SWEDEN AB The largest diphtheria outbreak in the developed world since the 1960s began in the Russian federation in 1990. One hundred fifty-six Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains from throughout Russia, selected for temporal and geographic diversity, were assayed by ribotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). These tests showed significant genetic diversity within the C. diphtheriae species, and ribotyping and MEE data generally correlated well with epidemiologic data. A distinct clonal group of C. diphtheriae isolates (ET 8 complex) emerged in Russia in 1990 as the current outbreak began, and as the outbreak has progressed, these organisms have made up increasingly larger proportions of the strains that are isolated. Furthermore, the main characteristic of the epidemic strains is a specific combination of ET 8 and ribotypes G1 and G4, This study confirms the epidemiologic utility of the molecular subtyping methods that detected the epidemic clone and addresses the clone's origin and relation to C. diphtheriae from throughout Russia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE DIV,ATLANTA,GA. GN GABRICHEVSKII EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL RES INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), NCID,DBMD,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIPHTHERIA RES PROJECT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 174 IS 5 BP 1064 EP 1072 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN181 UT WOS:A1996VN18100023 PM 8896510 ER PT J AU Staat, MA KruszonMoran, D McQuillan, GM Kaslow, RA AF Staat, MA KruszonMoran, D McQuillan, GM Kaslow, RA TI A population-based serologic survey of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE AB To provide more accurate estimates of Helicobacter pylori infection in the US population, IgG antibody levels were measured in serum from 2581 persons aged 6-19 years examined during phase I of the third National Hearth and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall, 24.8% of participants had evidence of H. pylori infection, Infection was strongly associated with increasing age (chi(2) trend, P < .01) and being nonwhite (17.0% of non-Hispanic whites vs. 40.1% of non-Hispanic blacks and 42.0% of Mexican Americans infected). In a multivariate logistic regression model, H. pylori infection was significantly associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07/year), being nonwhite (non-Hispanic black OR = 2.6 or Mexican American OR = 1.8), poverty (OR = 1.5), crowding (OR = 5.6), and head of household education level (OR = 1.8). In Mexican Americans, infection was associated with birth outside the United States or Canada in the univariate analyses but was not significantly associated after adjustment for age, poverty, crowding, and head of household education level. C1 NIAID,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP Staat, MA (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,3333 BURNET AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45229, USA. NR 16 TC 112 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 174 IS 5 BP 1120 EP 1123 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN181 UT WOS:A1996VN18100034 PM 8896521 ER PT J AU Rutledge, CR Cornel, AJ Meek, CL Collins, FH AF Rutledge, CR Cornel, AJ Meek, CL Collins, FH TI Validation of a ribosomal DNA-polymerase chain reaction species diagnostic assay for the common malaria mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) sibling species complex SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles quadrimaculatus; polymerase chain reaction; sibling species; internal transcribed spacer ID MEMBER AB A polymerase chain reaction method for identifying individuals in the Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say sibling species complex was validated for wild mosquitoes from Louisiana and Mississippi. This method distinguished An. quadrimaculatus species A, B, C, and D by detecting species-specific differences in the 2nd internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA and was 100% specific and 95% sensitive. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. RP Rutledge, CR (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,402 LIFE SCI BLDG,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. RI Connelly, Cynthia/A-1088-2010 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 33 IS 6 BP 952 EP 954 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA VR909 UT WOS:A1996VR90900013 PM 8961645 ER PT J AU Petersen, KM Parkinson, AJ Nobmann, ED Bulkow, L Yip, R Mokdad, A AF Petersen, KM Parkinson, AJ Nobmann, ED Bulkow, L Yip, R Mokdad, A TI Iron deficiency anemia among Alaska Natives may be due to fecal loss rather than inadequate intake SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Alaska Natives; iron deficiency; anemia fecal occult blood; humans ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; HEMOQUANT; CHILDREN; DISEASE; HEALTH; GROWTH; BLOOD; FISH AB To define more fully the nature of a persistently high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia observed among Alaska Native children, we examined dietary iron intake, hemoglobin concentrations, and storage iron (serum ferritin) based on multiple cross-sectional surveys of Alaska Natives between 1983 and 1989. Approximately 30 to 50% of the children studied < 12 y of age had depleted iron stores. Anemia and depleted iron stores also were prevalent among adult men and women, about twice as prevalent as in the U.S. population based on the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). The higher rate of iron deficiency, occurring even when the dietary assessment found Alaska Native iron intake to be higher than the U.S. average with an ample intake of food high in bioavailable iron, suggests blood loss as a possible cause of the unusual pattern of iron deficiency observed. In a pilot study of stool blood loss in two villages, 65% of the samples had a significantly elevated stool heme concentration. Further investigation of iron deficiency due to gastrointestinal blood loss for the Alaska Native is warranted. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SCI,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Petersen, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCT INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 126 IS 11 BP 2774 EP 2783 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VT726 UT WOS:A1996VT72600010 PM 8914948 ER PT J AU Malkin, R Kiefer, M Tolos, W AF Malkin, R Kiefer, M Tolos, W TI 1-hydroxypyrene levels in coal-handling workers at a coke oven SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR; EXPOSURE; URINE; AMBIENT AB An environmental and medical survey was conducted at the coal-handling area of a coke oven, where workers came in contact with coal-tar sludge. The purpose of the study was to determine if skin contact with coal-tar sludge was an important route of exposure to pyrene because workers were observed to have substantial contact with the sludge. Environmental monitoring revealed minimal airborne exposure to pyrene, a byproduct of the coke distillation process; only one personal breathing zone sample detected pyrene, and at a level of 0.001 mg/m(3). However, the mean preshift urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentration was 1.00 mu mol/mol creatinine (range, 0.16 to 2.96 mu mol/mol creatinine) and the mean postshift level was 1.7 mu mol/mol creatinine (range, 0.24 to 4.85 mu mol/mol creatinine) (P < 0.01). These levels probably reflect absorption as a result of skin exposure. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOL & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Malkin, R (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,4676 COLUMBIA PARKWAY,MAIL STOP R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1141 EP 1144 DI 10.1097/00043764-199611000-00014 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VU823 UT WOS:A1996VU82300012 PM 8941904 ER PT J AU Kellerman, S Shay, DK Howard, J Goes, C Feusner, J Rosenberg, J Vugia, DJ Jarvis, WR AF Kellerman, S Shay, DK Howard, J Goes, C Feusner, J Rosenberg, J Vugia, DJ Jarvis, WR TI Bloodstream infections in home infusion patients: The influence of race and needleless intravascular access devices SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CATHETER INFECTIONS; ONCOLOGY PATIENTS; CANCER; LEUKEMIA; BACTEREMIA; FREQUENCY; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; RISK AB Objectives: To determine the cause of increased central venous catheter-associated (CVC) bloodstream infection (BSI) rates in a cohort of pediatric hematology/oncology patients receiving home health care (HHC). Methods: A retrospective cohort study of hematology/oncology patients with CVCs receiving HHC from January 1992 through November 1994. Results: Of 182 patients with CVCs identified during the study period, 58 (32%) acquired 90 BSIs during 75,085 CVC days. BSI rates increased significantly from 1992 through 1994 (0.8 vs 1,0 vs 1.7 BSIs per 1000 CVC days; p <0.005), Known risk factors, including catheter type, patient age less than 5 years, sex, or diagnosis, were not associated with increased BSI rates. After introduction of needleless devices for CVC access to the HHC regimen in May 1993, BSI rates increased 80% (from 0.81 to 1,46 BSIs/1000 CVC days, relative risk 1,8; p <0.02). The only other significant risk factor was the race of the patient. White children had the lowest BSI rate before and after needleless-device introduction (0.4 vs 0.9 BSIs/1000 CVC days; p >0.1), whereas black patients had the highest, unaffected by the introduction of these devices (2.5 BSIs/1000 CVC days). Both Hispanic (0.5 vs 1.6 BSIs/1000 CVC days) and Asian-American children's (0.4 vs 1.5 BSIs/1000 CVC days) BSI rates increased threefold and fourfold after the introduction of needleless devices. Conclusions: Our data suggest that pediatric hematology/oncology patients receiving HHC via needleless devices may have an increased risk of BSIs, and this risk may vary by race. We hypothesize that prevention of BSIs may require consideration of cultural, ethnic, and language differences when parents are trained to provide care for their children with CVCs in the home. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP OAKLAND, INFECT CONTROL DEPT, DEPT HEMATOL ONCOL, OAKLAND, CA USA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV, DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL, BERKELEY, CA USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 129 IS 5 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70154-3 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR957 UT WOS:A1996VR95700019 PM 8917238 ER PT J AU Hillis, S Wasserheit, J AF Hillis, S Wasserheit, J TI Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Hillis, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 129 IS 5 BP 766 EP 767 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR957 UT WOS:A1996VR95700031 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, LA Koh, HK Bewerse, BA Reilley, B Wyatt, SW Bergfeld, WF Geller, AC Walters, PF AF Goldsmith, LA Koh, HK Bewerse, BA Reilley, B Wyatt, SW Bergfeld, WF Geller, AC Walters, PF TI Full proceedings from the National Conference to Develop a National Skin Cancer Agenda SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTANEOUS MELANOMA; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; PUBLIC-EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; RISK AB National efforts to reduce skin cancer incidence and mortality require scientifically coordinated efforts. This report summarizes the first American Academy of Dermatology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national conference to develop a skin cancer agenda. Leading experts in dermatology, public health, medicine, health education, nursing, behavioral sciences, environmental health and epidemiology identified and prioritized skin cancer control issues in five key areas. Discussion centered around strategies for reducing UV exposure and increasing public and professional awareness of skin cancer. Panelists in five sessions developed consensus on several public and professional recommendations and a series of research strategies. C1 BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA. AMER ACAD DERMATOL,SCHAUMBURG,IL. CLEVELAND CLIN,CLEVELAND,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CANC CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Goldsmith, LA (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,BOX 706,601 ELMWOOD AVE,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. OI goldsmith, lowell/0000-0002-3042-5005 FU PHS HHS [CCUS11453-02] NR 31 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 35 IS 5 BP 748 EP 756 DI 10.1016/S0190-9622(96)90731-8 PN 1 PG 9 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA VY375 UT WOS:A1996VY37500015 PM 8912571 ER PT J AU Weber, J Fenyo, EM Beddows, S Kaleebu, P Bjorndal, A Osmanov, S Heyward, W Esparza, J GalvaoCastro, B vandePerre, P Karita, E Wasi, C Sempala, S Tugume, B Biryahwaho, B RubsamenWaigmann, H vonBriesen, H Esser, R Grez, M Holmes, H Newberry, A Ranjbar, S Tomlinson, P Bradac, J McCutchan, F Louwagie, J Hegerich, P LopezGalindez, C Olivares, I Dopazo, J Mullins, JI Delwart, EL Bachmann, HM Goudsmit, J deWolf, F Hahn, BH Gao, F Yue, L Saragosti, S Schochetman, G Kalish, M Luo, CC George, R Pau, CP CheingsongPopov, R Nara, P Albert, J Myers, G Korber, B AF Weber, J Fenyo, EM Beddows, S Kaleebu, P Bjorndal, A Osmanov, S Heyward, W Esparza, J GalvaoCastro, B vandePerre, P Karita, E Wasi, C Sempala, S Tugume, B Biryahwaho, B RubsamenWaigmann, H vonBriesen, H Esser, R Grez, M Holmes, H Newberry, A Ranjbar, S Tomlinson, P Bradac, J McCutchan, F Louwagie, J Hegerich, P LopezGalindez, C Olivares, I Dopazo, J Mullins, JI Delwart, EL Bachmann, HM Goudsmit, J deWolf, F Hahn, BH Gao, F Yue, L Saragosti, S Schochetman, G Kalish, M Luo, CC George, R Pau, CP CheingsongPopov, R Nara, P Albert, J Myers, G Korber, B TI Neutralization serotypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 field isolates are not predicted by genetic subtype SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL GENOTYPE; HIV TYPE-1; ANTIBODIES; CELL AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primary isolates from four geographical locations in Thailand, Brazil, Rwanda, and Uganda, representing genetic subtypes A, B, C, D, and E, were examined for autologous and heterologous neutralization by panels of human HIV+ polyclonal plasma. In independent linked experiments in three laboratories using diverse methodologies and common reagents, no defined pattern of genetic subtype-specific neutralization was observed. Most plasma tested were broadly cross-neutralizing across two or more genetic subtypes, although the titer of neutralization varied across a wide range. We conclude that the genetic subtypes of HIV-1 are not classical neutralization serotypes. C1 KAROLINSKA INST,MICROBIOL & TUMOUR BIOL CTR,S-10401 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. OSWALDO CRUZ FDN,SALVADOR,BA,BRAZIL. NATL HIV AIDS REFERENCE LAB,KIGALI,RWANDA. MAHIDOL UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. UGANDA VIRUS RES INST,ENTEBBE,UGANDA. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT FORSCHUNGSINST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,LONDON NW3 6RB,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,HENRY M JACKSON FDN LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. INST SALUD CARLOS III,CTR NACL BIOL CELULAR & RETROVIRUS,MADRID,SPAIN. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,HUMAN RETROVIRUS LAB,NL-1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. INST COCHIN,PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST MARYS HOSP,SCH MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,VIRUS BIOL UNIT,FREDERICK,MD 21701. SWEDISH INST INFECT DIS CONTROL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Weber, J (reprint author), ST MARYS HOSP,UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS,LONDON W2,ENGLAND. RI Dopazo, Joaquin/A-9270-2014; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/A-3603-2008; Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008 OI Dopazo, Joaquin/0000-0003-3318-120X; Lopez-Galindez, Cecilio/0000-0002-2324-9584; Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427 NR 27 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 70 IS 11 BP 7827 EP 7832 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA VL792 UT WOS:A1996VL79200052 PM 8892904 ER PT J AU Almenoff, PL Brooks, JB Johnson, A Lesser, M AF Almenoff, PL Brooks, JB Johnson, A Lesser, M TI Differentiation of sarcoidosis from tuberculosis by use of electron capture gas-liquid chromatography SO LUNG LA English DT Article DE sarcoidosis; tuberculosis; TSA; FPEC-GLC ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ANTIGEN RECEPTORS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; FACTOR-ALPHA; T-CELLS; DIAGNOSIS; DNA AB To explore further the possible etiologic role of mycobacteria in the development of sarcoidosis, we measured free, nonbound tuberculostearic acid (TSA, 10-methyloctadecanoic), a component of mycobacteria, in the sera of subjects with sarcoidosis or active untreated pulmonary tuberculosis and in healthy controls by use of frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (FPEC-GLC), The selective analytic system is capable of measuring as little as 15-fmol quantities of free, nonbound TSA in serum and cerebral spinal fluid. We found that TSA was present in the sera of all subjects with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 10) but was undetectable in subjects with sarcoidosis (n = 15) and in healthy controls (n = 15), thereby suggesting that if sarcoidosis is caused by a mycobacterial organism, TSA is not produced or does not gain access to the systemic circulation in quantities sufficient for measurement, However, in the course of the studies we found that a peak, designated pll, was elevated in the sera of all subjects with acute sarcoidosis (n = 4). Also, a peak designated p3 was reduced significantly in all subjects with acute and chronic sarcoidosis and absent in subjects with M. tuberculosis compared with healthy controls. Both peaks were later shown by chemical analysis and mass spectral studies to be carboxylic acids not previously associated with specific disease entities, Follow-up detailed studies will be needed to determine if quantitation of these unique carboxylic acids will be useful in differentiating sarcoidosis from other disorders. C1 MT SINAI SCH MED,DIV PULM CRIT CARE MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV AIDS STD TB LAB RES,TB MYCOBACTERIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED RES,HAMPTON,VA. RP Almenoff, PL (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,PULM & CRIT CARE MED SECT,130 W KINGSBRIDGE RD,BRONX,NY 10468, USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0341-2040 J9 LUNG JI Lung PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 174 IS 6 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA VJ052 UT WOS:A1996VJ05200001 PM 8887930 ER PT J AU Candal, FJ Rafii, S Parker, JT Ades, EW Ferris, B Nachman, RL Kellar, KL AF Candal, FJ Rafii, S Parker, JT Ades, EW Ferris, B Nachman, RL Kellar, KL TI BMEC-1: A human bone marrow microvascular endothelial cell line with primary cell characteristics SO MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADHESION MOLECULES; PROGENITOR CELLS; STROMAL CELLS; EXPRESSION; SUPPORT; ESTABLISHMENT; INTERLEUKIN-11; CULTURES; CLONING; HMEC-1 AB Bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) are a functional component of the bone marrow stroma and have been shown to release hematopoietic regulatory factors as well as to selectively adhere and support the proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitors. An early passage of these cells was immortalized by transfection with a vector (pSVT) encoding the large T antigen of SV40. The transformed cell line (CDC/CU.BMEC-1) expresses the SV40 transcript, retains the primary cell expression of Ulex europeaus and vWF/ FVIII, and incorporates acetylated low-density lipoprotein. In addition, BMEC-1 mirrors the phenotype of the primary cells with only a few exceptions. Both cell populations express the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and PECAM and also VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 after upregulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The fibronectin receptor, hyaluronate receptor, collagen receptor, integrins VLA-alpha 3, VLA-alpha 4, and beta 4, endoglin, collagen IV, CD58, and CD61 are also expressed. The only differences are that BMEC-1 expresses higher levels of ICAM-1, CD58, CD34, CD36, and c-kit than the primary cells. The supernatants of primary cell and BMEC-1 contain stem cell factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1 alpha, IL-11, and G-CSF. The functional significance of these hematopoietic cytokines was demonstrated in transwell cultures. Both cell populations supported the expansion of progeny from CD34(+) cell-enriched cord blood mononuclear cells suspended in the upper chamber. These characteristics, plus the fact that BMEC-1 can be maintained independently of exogenous growth factors and exhibit contact inhibition, indicate that this cell line can be used to further define the role of BMEC in hematopoiesis. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 NEW YORK HOSP,CORNELL MED CTR,DEPT HEMATOL ONCOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP Candal, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K08-HL02926] NR 23 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0026-2862 J9 MICROVASC RES JI Microvasc. Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 52 IS 3 BP 221 EP 234 DI 10.1006/mvre.1996.0060 PG 14 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VX068 UT WOS:A1996VX06800004 PM 8954864 ER PT J AU Nelson, BK Moorman, WJ Schrader, SM AF Nelson, BK Moorman, WJ Schrader, SM TI Review of experimental male-mediated behavioral and neurochemical disorders SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE paternal exposures; neurobehavioral disorders; neurochemical effects; offspring; experimental animals; male-mediated effects ID PATERNAL ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MALE-RATS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE; F1 GENERATION; DRUG EXPOSURE; FEMALE MICE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; PROGENY; TERATOGENESIS AB Paternal exposures to exogenous agents have been reported to produce a variety of developmental defects in the offspring. In experimental animals, these effects include decreased litter size and weight, increased stillbirth and neonatal death, birth defects, tumors, and functional/behavioral abnormalities-some of these effects being transmitted to the second and third generations. This article reviews the exogenous agents that have reportedly caused behavioral or neurochemical alterations in offspring of experimental animals following paternal exposures, including advanced age, alcohols, cyclophosphamide, ethylene dibromide, lead, opiates, and a few miscellaneous chemicals. Based upon the consistency of effects in several of these agents in a variety of studies in experimental animals, the conclusion is that paternal exposures may contribute to the incidence of neurobehavioral disorders in humans. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Nelson, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI, C-24, 4676 COLUMBIA PKWY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 69 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 18 IS 6 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(96)00123-7 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA VV686 UT WOS:A1996VV68600001 PM 8947937 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF AF Williamson, DF TI Lingering questions about intentional weight loss SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID BODY-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; BENEFITS; TRIAL; RISK RP Williamson, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 11-12 BP 819 EP 820 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)85181-7 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VY696 UT WOS:A1996VY69600013 PM 8974111 ER PT J AU Croft, JB Freedman, DS Keenan, NL Sheridan, DP Macera, CA Wheeler, FC AF Croft, JB Freedman, DS Keenan, NL Sheridan, DP Macera, CA Wheeler, FC TI Education, health behaviors, and the black-white difference in waist-to-hip ratio SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blacks; body fat distribution; exercise; socioeconomic factors; smoking ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PITT-COUNTY; YOUNG-ADULTS; MASS INDEX; WOMEN; DISEASE; SMOKING; OBESITY AB Few epidemiologic studies have investigated the impact of body mass index, low educational attainment, cigarette smoking, and physical activity on the considerable black-white difference in waist-to-hip ratio, These relationships were assessed with multivariable linear regression among 3,094 adults (24% black) who were examined in 1987 in South Carolina, The unadjusted mean waist-to-hip ratio was lower for black men than for white men (-0.03 units) and higher for black women than for white women (+0.03 units), After adjustment for age, body mass index, education, smoking, and physical activity, the black-white difference in mean waist-to-hip ratio was -0.02 units (p<0.001) among men and +0.01 units (p<0.01) among women, Although differing distributions of age, body mass index, and educational attainment accounted for a 59% reduction in the black-white difference among women, these factors did not explain the difference among men, Thus, these results suggest that other environmental or biologic factors may also play an important role in the marked variation in body Eat distribution between the two ethnic groups, The results also support the importance of the prevention of cigarette smoking and overweight in potentially preventing abdominal obesity in both black adults and white adults. C1 BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD,COLUMBIA,SC. UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. RP Croft, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,MAILSTOP K-47,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 402234] NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI BATON ROUGE PA 6400 PERKINS RD, BATON ROUGE, LA 70808 SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 4 IS 6 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA VV235 UT WOS:A1996VV23500001 PM 8946435 ER PT J AU Yancey, MK Schuchat, A Brown, LK Ventura, VL Markenson, GR AF Yancey, MK Schuchat, A Brown, LK Ventura, VL Markenson, GR TI The accuracy of late antenatal screening cultures in predicting genital group B streptococcal colonization at delivery SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; EARLY-ONSET DISEASE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; CARRIAGE; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION AB Objective: To determine the accuracy of late antenatal anogenital cultures in predicting group B streptococcal colonization at delivery. Methods: Swabs of the vagina and rectum were obtained from 826 women during routine prenatal visits at approximately 35-36 weeks' estimated gestation. The same women were recultured at admission for delivery. Swabs were cultured in broth media. Test performance indices were calculated using culture status at the time of delivery as the reference. Based on the sensitivity and specificity of antenatal cultures derived from analysis of this study population, we estimated predictive values of late antenatal cultures for a range of group B streptococcal carriage rates. Results: Group B streptococci were identified in specimens from 219 of 826 women (26.5%). The sensitivity of late antenatal cultures for identifying colonization status at delivery was 87% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 83-92). Specificity was 96% (95% CI 95-98). Positive predictive value was 87% (95% CI 83-92), and negative predictive value was 96% (95% CI 95-98). Test performance was similar from 1-5 weeks before delivery, but declined when 6 or more weeks had elapsed between the antenatal culture and delivery. Among patients cultured 6 or more weeks before delivery, sensitivity was only 43%, specificity 85%, and positive and negative predictive values were 50 and 81%, respectively. We estimated positive and negative predictive values of 85 and 97% for a colonization rate of 20%, and 79 and 98% for a colonization rate of 15%. Conclusion: Anogenital cultures in broth media obtained during the late antenatal period are accurate in predicting group B streptococcal colonization status at delivery in term parturients, and they perform significantly (P < .01) better than cultures collected 6 or more weeks before delivery. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Yancey, MK (reprint author), TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,HONOLULU,HI 96859, USA. NR 25 TC 129 Z9 137 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 88 IS 5 BP 811 EP 815 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(96)00320-1 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA VP614 UT WOS:A1996VP61400014 PM 8885919 ER PT J AU Saftlas, AF MellingerBirdsong, AK Stolwijk, JAJ AF Saftlas, AF MellingerBirdsong, AK Stolwijk, JAJ TI The public health response to nasopharyngeal radium irradiation: A workshop - Introduction SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Saftlas, AF (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,60 COLL ST,POB 208034,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 115 IS 5 BP 387 EP 387 PG 1 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA VU694 UT WOS:A1996VU69400002 PM 8903432 ER PT J AU MellingerBirdsong, AK AF MellingerBirdsong, AK TI Estimates of numbers of civilians treated with nasopharyngeal radium irradiation in the United States SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Public Health Response to Nasopharyngeal Radium Irradiation CY SEP 27-28, 1995 CL NEW HAVEN, CT AB Nasopharyngeal radium irradiation was used 35 to 50 years ago for treatment of hearing loss, chronic ear infections, asthma, and other conditions. I reviewed the medical literature for published articles on the nonmilitary use of nasopharyngeal radium irradiation. Four years have minimum documented numbers of radium applicators in use (1946, 600; 1948, 1000; 1958, 2000; 1961, 2000). Two levels of physician use were assumed, a high estimate of 25 patients per week and a low estimate of 5 patients per week. If was assumed that physicians used the applicators 50 weeks per year. Typical treatments involved two applicators at a time (one for each nostril) for three sessions. Using a formula reflecting the number of applicators in use, the number of patients a physician would treat in a week, the number of weeks in a year an applicator would be used, and the number of applicators and sessions per patient, I then estimated the number of children who might have been treated. This estimate is that approximately 500,000 to 2.5 million persons might have been treated with nasopharyngeal radium. Because the lack of documentation for numerous parts. of the equation required that I make a large number of assumptions, this estimate should be considered a rough approximation of the number of civilians treated. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARDS & EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 115 IS 5 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(96)70078-5 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA VU694 UT WOS:A1996VU69400012 PM 8903442 ER PT J AU George, JD AF George, JD TI Navy review of nasopharyngeal radium treatments of submarine candidates SO OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Public Health Response to Nasopharyngeal Radium Irradiation CY SEP 27-28, 1995 CL NEW HAVEN, CT ID IRRADIATION; CHILDHOOD; RADIATION; CANCER AB From approximately 1945 through 1960 nasopharyngeal radium treatments were used to treat barotrauma incurred during submarine escape training by submarine candidates. Concern has been expressed that the treatments placed submarine candidates at significantly increased risk of having brain cancer develop. The concern is based on brain cancer incidence rates reported in a study of Washington County children. Using comparable populations' risk coefficients and secondary brain tumor incidence rates, the excess number of brain cancers per 10,000 subjects during the 42.5 years after treatment was calculated to be 0.5 to 2.8 cases and 1 case, respectively, Personnel records of a sample of those treated and others whose treatment status was unknown were reviewed to determine the feasibility of an epidemiologic study to confirm the cancer risk, The records indicated treatments were not consistently documented to confirm who was treated. In addition, social security numbers are not known to aid in determination of vital status. In conclusion, nasopharyngeal irradiation does not appear to pose a significant risk to submariners, and it is not feasible to use the submariner population to do ct meaningful epidemiologic study to clarity the cancer risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARDS & EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0194-5998 J9 OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK JI Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 115 IS 5 BP 438 EP 441 DI 10.1016/S0194-5998(96)70080-3 PG 4 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA VU694 UT WOS:A1996VU69400014 PM 8903444 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Collins, WE Xiao, LH Patterson, PS Reed, RC Hunter, RL Kaslow, DC Lal, AA AF Yang, CF Collins, WE Xiao, LH Patterson, PS Reed, RC Hunter, RL Kaslow, DC Lal, AA TI Influence of adjuvants on murine immune responses against the C-terminal 19 kDa fragment of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; vaccine; recombinant protein; MSP-1; Plasmodium vivax ID COPOLYMER ADJUVANTS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RODENT MALARIA; 19KDA FRAGMENT; T-CELL; FALCIPARUM; ISOTYPE; BLOOD; ANTIGEN AB The immunogenicity of a yeast-expressed 19 kDa fragment of P vivax MSP-1 in the presence of different adjuvant formulations was evaluated. ICR mice were immunized with the 19 kDa antigen, using Freund's, alum, and block copolymer P1005 in water-in-oil (W/O) or oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with or without detoxified lipopolysaccharide (RaLPS) as adjuvants. Five weeks following immunization with the antigen, mice were boosted with asexual blood-stage antigens. Three weeks after the last immunization with the 19 kDa antigen, mice from the Freund's group and most groups that received P1005 as adjuvant had higher total IgG titres than those that received alum as adjuvant or antigen alone. Antibody responses after the antigen immunization were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype, but mice in the Freund's and P1005 (W/O or O/W emulsion with or without RaLPS) groups also had high titres of IgG2a and IgG2b. Antibody titres against merozoites increased in all groups after the parasite antigen boost. IgG2a levels in the group that received antigen in P1005 plus RaLPS in the W/O emulsion were higher than those receiving Freund's, alum or the other copolymer adjuvants. The high IgG2a titres in this group were associated with reduced IL-10 production. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NIAID,MALARIA RES LAB,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 547 EP 558 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1996.d01-32.x PG 12 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA VT821 UT WOS:A1996VT82100002 PM 9226693 ER PT J AU Dutra, WO daLuz, ZMP Cancado, JR Pereira, ME BrigidoNunes, RM Galvao, LMC Colley, DG Brener, Z Gazzinelli, G CarvalhoParra, JF AF Dutra, WO daLuz, ZMP Cancado, JR Pereira, ME BrigidoNunes, RM Galvao, LMC Colley, DG Brener, Z Gazzinelli, G CarvalhoParra, JF TI Influence of parasite presence on the immunologic profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chagasic patients after specific drug therapy SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chagas' disease; T cell activation; CD5(+) B cells; proliferative responses therapeutics ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; TRYPOMASTIGOTE ANTIBODIES; FOLLOW-UP; T-CELLS; DISEASE; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; LESIONS AB The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of parasite clearance on the immunological profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from chagasic patients submitted to specific drug therapy. PBMC were examined by flow cytometry and proliferative responsiveness to Trypanosoma cruzi-related stimuli. Three groups of patients were studied: not treated (NT), treated not cured (TNC) and cured (C). All data were compared to values from uninfected individuals (NI). NT displayed a lower percentage of CD3(+) cells as compared to NI, while TNC and C had mean values that were between those from NI and NT. Infected patients had double the percent of CD3(+) HLA-DR(+) cells, independent of the efficacy of the treatment. Thus, absence of circulating parasites did not reduce T cell activation in Chagas' disease. NT displayed a higher percentage of CD5(+) B cells as compared to NI, while TNC and C had mean values between those from NI and NT. In contrast to the phenotypic data, the in vitro mean proliferative responses to parasite-related stimuli of PBMC from C were reduced to the low mean levels observed in NI. These striking differences were statistically different from the high responses seen in NT and TNC. Our data suggest that proliferative responses of PBMC from C reflect immunological changes due elimination of parasite. However, successful treatment did not alter the levels of peripheral T cell activation. C1 FIOCRUZ MS,FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,HOSP CLIN,BR-30000 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,DEPT PARASITOL,ICB,BR-30000 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26505] NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 18 IS 11 BP 579 EP 585 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1996.d01-29.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA VT821 UT WOS:A1996VT82100005 PM 9226696 ER PT J AU Ussery, XT Gessner, BD Lipman, H Elliott, JA Crain, MJ Tien, PC Parkinson, AJ Davidson, M Facklam, RR Breiman, RF AF Ussery, XT Gessner, BD Lipman, H Elliott, JA Crain, MJ Tien, PC Parkinson, AJ Davidson, M Facklam, RR Breiman, RF TI Risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and detection of a multiply resistant clone among children living in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region of Alaska SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Alaska; antibiotic resistance; risk factors; serotyping; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; MENINGITIS; PATTERNS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTICS; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE AB Background. Children <2 years old living in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) region of Alaska have one of the highest pneumococcal bacteremia rates of in the world. Methods, To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for infection with intermediate or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the YKD, we cultured nasopharyngeal secretions of healthy children less than or equal to 5 years old, reviewed their hospital records and administered questionnaires to accompanying parents. Results. Of 185 children evaluated we obtained 95 pneumococcal isolates; drug susceptibility patterns and serotyping results were available for 92. Of these, 33 (36%) were intermediate or resistant to at least one drug class tested; 27 isolates were intermediate (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.1 to 1.0 mg/l) and none were resistant to penicillin. Compared with other isolates, capsular serotype 6B isolates were more likely to be intermediate or resistant to at least one drug (relative risk, 5.3; P < 0.001) and to more than one drug (relative risk, 17.0; P < 0.001), The majority of 6B isolates had identical pneumococcal surface protein A patterns. Carriage of intermediate or resistant pneumococcus was associated with age <2 years (relative risk, 3.0; P < 0.001) but not with antibiotic use or other evaluated risk factors. Conclusions. Young age but not antibiotic use was associated with carriage of intermediate or resistant S. pneumoniae in the YKD region of Alaska. Much of the intermediate or resistant pneumococcus in the YKD may have resulted from the proliferation of a single capsular serotype 6B clone. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT & MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 11 BP 986 EP 992 DI 10.1097/00006454-199611000-00011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VT450 UT WOS:A1996VT45000003 PM 8933546 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Alexander, ER Debolt, CA Swenson, PD Boase, J McDowell, MG Reeves, MW Wenger, JD AF Jackson, LA Alexander, ER Debolt, CA Swenson, PD Boase, J McDowell, MG Reeves, MW Wenger, JD TI Evaluation of the use of mass chemoprophylaxis during a school outbreak of enzyme type 5 serogroup B meningococcal disease SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; meningococcal disease; disease outbreak; chemoprophylaxis; antibiotic resistance ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; SAO-PAULO; EPIDEMIC; VACCINE; ELECTROPHORESIS; EFFICACY; COMPLEX; IQUIQUE; BRAZIL; CHILE AB Background. A vaccine for prevention of serogroup B meningococcal disease is not available in the United States, and indications for the use of mass chemoprophylaxis for control of meningococcal outbreaks are not well defined. In response to an outbreak of six cases of enzyme type 5 serogroup B meningococcal disease among students at a middle school, we implemented a program of mass rifampin prophylaxis and evaluated the effectiveness of this preventive measure. Methods. Oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from 351 of the 900 students before prophylaxis; 196 participants were recultured 3 weeks later. Meningococcal isolates were subtyped and tested for rifampin susceptibility, and risk factors for disease or carriage among students were evaluated. Results. No cases occurred after prophylaxis. Before prophylaxis 10% (34 of 351) of students were meningococcal carriers and 3.4% (12 of 351) carried the epidemic strain. After prophylaxis 2.5% (5 of 196) were carriers and 1.0% (2 of 196) carried the epidemic strain. Rifampin was 85% effective in eradicating carriage, and the rate of acquisition of carriage during the 3-week period was low (0.5%). Carriage persisted after prophylaxis in 4 students; 3 of these postprophylaxis isolates were rifampin-resistant. Rifampin resistance thus developed in 12% (3 of 26) of preprophylaxis isolates. Disease/epidemic strain carriage was associated with enrollment in the school band and certain other classes. Conclusions. These findings suggests that mass chemoprophylaxis may be effective and should be considered for control of school serogroup B meningococcal outbreaks. This approach is less likely to be effective for control of outbreaks affecting larger, less well-defined populations and is associated with the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. C1 SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH LAB,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOX 357236,1959 NE PACIFIC ST,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 11 BP 992 EP 998 DI 10.1097/00006454-199611000-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VT450 UT WOS:A1996VT45000004 PM 8933547 ER PT J AU Welbel, SF McNeil, MM Kuykendall, RJ Lott, TJ Pramanik, A Silberman, R Oberle, AD Bland, LA Aguero, S Arduino, M Crow, S Jarvis, WR AF Welbel, SF McNeil, MM Kuykendall, RJ Lott, TJ Pramanik, A Silberman, R Oberle, AD Bland, LA Aguero, S Arduino, M Crow, S Jarvis, WR TI Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: Epidemiologic and laboratory confirmation of a common source outbreak SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Candida parapsilosis; bloodstream; infections ID PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; FUNGEMIA; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; GUIDELINES; PREVENTION AB Background. Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of sporadic and epidemic infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). When a cluster of C. parapsilosis bloodstream infections occurred in NICU patients in a hospital in Louisiana, it provided us with the opportunity to conduct an epidemiologic investigation and to apply newly developed molecular typing techniques. Methods. A case-patient was defined as any NICU patient at Louisiana State University Medical Center, University Hospital, with a blood culture positive for C. parapsilosis during July 20 to 27, 1991. To identify risk factors for C. parapsilosis bloodstream infection, a cohort study of all NICU infants admitted during July 17 to 27, 1991, was performed. Electrophoretic karyotyping was used to assess the relatedness of C. parapsilosis isolates. Results. The receipt of liquid glycerin given as a suppository was identified as a risk factor (relative risk, 31.2; 95% confidence intervals, 4.3 to 226.8). Glycerin was supplied to the NICU in a 16-oz multidose bottle. Bottles used at the time of the outbreak were not available for culture. All six available isolates from four case patients had identical chromosomal banding patterns; six University Hospital non-outbreak isolates had different banding patterns. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the utility of combined epidemiologic and laboratory techniques in identifying a novel common source for a C. parapsilosis bloodstream infection outbreak and illustrates that extreme caution should be exercised when using multidose medications in more than one patient. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,SHREVEPORT,LA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 18 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 11 BP 998 EP 1002 DI 10.1097/00006454-199611000-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VT450 UT WOS:A1996VT45000005 PM 8933548 ER PT J AU Banatvala, N Debeukelaer, MM Griffin, PM Barrett, TJ Greene, KD Green, JH Wells, JG AF Banatvala, N Debeukelaer, MM Griffin, PM Barrett, TJ Greene, KD Green, JH Wells, JG TI Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111 and associated hemolytic-uremic syndrome: A family outbreak SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli 0111; Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli; verocytotoxic Escherichia coli; outbreak investigations ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYTOTOXIN; DIARRHEA AB Objective. To describe a family cluster of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111ac:NM infection. Study design. The index case was identified as part of a United States prospective study of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Epidemiologic investigation was conducted through interviews. E. coli O111:NM infection was characterized through culture and serology. Shiga toxin 1 and 2 gene sequences were determined with oligonucleotide DNA probes. Results. All three children and both parents had nonbloody diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps, and one child developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Shiga toxin 1- and 2-producing E. coli O111ac:NM was isolated from two children. IgG antibodies to E. coli O111 were detected in all three children. Conclusions. To our knowledge this is the first reported cluster of O111 infection and only the second caused by non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in North America. C1 MED COLL OHIO,DIV PEDIAT NEPHROL,TOLEDO,OH 43699. RP Banatvala, N (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 15 IS 11 BP 1008 EP 1011 DI 10.1097/00006454-199611000-00015 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VT450 UT WOS:A1996VT45000007 PM 8933550 ER PT J AU Sosin, DM Sacks, JJ Webb, KW AF Sosin, DM Sacks, JJ Webb, KW TI Pediatric head injuries and deaths from bicycling in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE children; traumatic brain injury; head injury; mortality; injury; bicycles; helmets ID HELMET USE; SAFETY HELMETS; CHILDREN AB Objective. To estimate the potential benefit of increasing bicycle helmet use among children and adolescents in the United States. Design. All bicycle-related deaths (Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Data Tapes, 1989 through 1992) and bicycle-related injuries treated in sampled emergency departments (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, 1989 through 1993) were used to calculate traumatic brain injury-associated death and head injury rates per 1000000 US residents. Preventable injuries and deaths were estimated by calculating the population-attributable risk of head injury due to nonuse of bicycle helmets. Patients. US residents aged 0 through 19 years who were injured or who died as a result of a bicycle crash. Results. An average of 247 traumatic brain injury deaths and 140000 head injuries among children and adolescents younger than 20 years were related to bicycle crashes each year in the United States. As many as 184 deaths and 116000 head injuries might have been prevented annually if these riders had worn helmets. An additional 19000 mouth and chin injuries were treated each year. The youngest age groups had the highest proportions of both head and mouth injuries. Conclusion. There continues to be a need to advocate for greater use of bicycle helmets, particularly among young children. Helmet design changes should be considered to prevent mouth injuries. RP Sosin, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 98 IS 5 BP 868 EP 870 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR466 UT WOS:A1996VR46600002 PM 8909479 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Khoury, MJ Mulinare, J Erickson, JD AF Botto, LD Khoury, MJ Mulinare, J Erickson, JD TI Periconceptional multivitamin use and the occurrence of conotruncal heart defects: Results from a population-based, case-control study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vitamins; congenital heart defect; conotruncal; malformation; prevention ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; DIGEORGE-SYNDROME; CARDIAC DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-ABNORMALITIES; RISK-FACTORS; RECALL BIAS AB Objective. The preventive efficacy of the periconceptional use of multivitamins is well established for neural tube defects, much less so for other birth defects. We conducted a population-based, case-control study to assess the effects of multivitamin use on the risk for conotruncal defects, a group of severe heart defects that includes transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and truncus arteriosus. Methods. From the population-based Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study, we identified 158 case infants with conotruncal defects and 3026 unaffected, randomly chosen control infants, born from 1968 through 1980 to mothers residing in metropolitan Atlanta. Periconceptional multivitamin use was defined as reported regular use from 3 months before conception through the third month of pregnancy. We present the results of the crude analysis, because the multivariate model yielded essentially identical results. Results. Mothers who reported periconceptional multivitamin use had a 43% lower risk of having infants with conotruncal defects (odds,ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 1.00) than did mothers who reported no use. The estimated relative risk was lowest for isolated conotruncal defects (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.84) compared with those associated with noncardiac defects (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.33 to 2.52) or a recognized syndrome (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.31 to 10.67). Among anatomic subgroups of defects, transposition of the great arteries showed the greatest reduction in risk (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.89). Conclusions. Periconceptional multivitamin use is associated with a reduced risk for conotruncal defects. These findings could have major implications for the prevention of these birth defects. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EPIDEM INTELLEGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAIL STOP F-45,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 59 TC 172 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 98 IS 5 BP 911 EP 917 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR466 UT WOS:A1996VR46600008 PM 8909485 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, ML Martinez, R AF Rosenberg, ML Martinez, R TI Graduated licensure: A win-win proposition for teen drivers and parents SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material RP Rosenberg, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 98 IS 5 BP 959 EP 960 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR466 UT WOS:A1996VR46600016 PM 8909493 ER PT J AU Stamos, JK Hahn, YS Chadwick, EG Schantz, PM Wilson, M AF Stamos, JK Hahn, YS Chadwick, EG Schantz, PM Wilson, M TI Neurocysticercosis: Report of unusual pediatric cases SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CYSTICERCOSIS C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,MED CTR,DEPT NEUROSURG,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60614. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Stamos, JK (reprint author), LOYOLA UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,SECT PEDIAT INFECT DIS,STRITCH SCH MED,2160 S FIRST AVE,MAYWOOD,IL 60153, USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 98 IS 5 BP 974 EP 977 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR466 UT WOS:A1996VR46600022 PM 8909499 ER PT J AU Desposito, F Cho, S Frias, JL Sherman, J Wappner, RS Wilson, MG delaCruz, F Hanson, JW LinFu, J McDonough, PG Pletcher, BA Pyeritz, RE Seashore, MR AF Desposito, F Cho, S Frias, JL Sherman, J Wappner, RS Wilson, MG delaCruz, F Hanson, JW LinFu, J McDonough, PG Pletcher, BA Pyeritz, RE Seashore, MR TI Health supervision for children with Marfan syndrome SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL-TREATMENT; FIBRILLIN; GENE; DISORDERS; MUTATIONS; REPAIR AB This set of guidelines is designed to assist the pediatrician in caring for children with Marfan syndrome confirmed by clinical criteria. Although pediatricians usually first see children with Marfan syndrome during infancy, occasionally they will be called on to advise the pregnant woman who has been informed of the prenatal diagnosis of Marfan syndrome. Therefore, these guidelines offer advice for this situation as well. C1 US DEPT HHS,HLTH RESOURCES & SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20201. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Desposito, F (reprint author), NIH,BLDG 10,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 98 IS 5 BP 978 EP 982 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR466 UT WOS:A1996VR46600023 ER PT J AU Katcher, ML Bull, MJ Laraque, D Palmer, SD Pollack, SH Smith, BL Spivak, HR Tully, SB Agran, P Brenner, R Bryn, S Maples, DL Neverman, C Schieber, RA Stanwick, R Tinsworth, D Griffith, J Russell, J Sleet, D Brownlee, M Waller, PF Felice, ME Boulter, S Kaplan, DW Olmedo, LF RomeAsbeck, ES Shenker, IR Staggers, BC Hillard, P Sacks, D AF Katcher, ML Bull, MJ Laraque, D Palmer, SD Pollack, SH Smith, BL Spivak, HR Tully, SB Agran, P Brenner, R Bryn, S Maples, DL Neverman, C Schieber, RA Stanwick, R Tinsworth, D Griffith, J Russell, J Sleet, D Brownlee, M Waller, PF Felice, ME Boulter, S Kaplan, DW Olmedo, LF RomeAsbeck, ES Shenker, IR Staggers, BC Hillard, P Sacks, D TI The teenage driver SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CRASH INVOLVEMENT AB Motor vehicle-related injuries continue to be of paramount importance to adolescents. This statement describes why teenagers are at particularly great risk, suggests topics suitable for office-based counseling, describes innovative programs, and proposes steps for prevention for pediatricians, legislators, educators, and other child advocates. C1 NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US DEPT TRANSPORTAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20590. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM US,WASHINGTON,DC 20590. UNIV MICHIGAN,TRANSPORTAT RES INST,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 1996 VL 98 IS 5 BP 987 EP 990 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA VR466 UT WOS:A1996VR46600026 ER PT J AU Valdiserri, RO AF Valdiserri, RO TI Managing system-wide change in HIV prevention programs: A CDC perspective SO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AIDS; INFECTION AB What are the variety and scope of administrative challenges faced by large bureaucratic structures when they implement system-wide change? Specifically, when decision making about priorities for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs war decentralized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and delegated to state and local departments of health, what were the implications for public health infrastructure, work force training, resource distribution, and policy development? Using a previously developed model of effective change management, Ronald O. Valdiserri describes, from a federal agency perspective, the variety of actions that were necessary to implement and sustain system-wide changes in the planning and priority setting of CDC's publicly funded HIV prevention programs. RP Valdiserri, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PUBLIC ADMIN PI WASHINGTON PA 1120 G STREET WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0033-3352 J9 PUBLIC ADMIN REV JI Public Adm. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 56 IS 6 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.2307/977253 PG 9 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA VU952 UT WOS:A1996VU95200007 ER PT J AU Kirkland, KB Meriwether, RA Leiss, JK MacKenzie, WR AF Kirkland, KB Meriwether, RA Leiss, JK MacKenzie, WR TI Steaming oysters does not prevent Norwalk-like gastroenteritis SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; OUTBREAKS; SPECIMENS; AGENT; PCR AB Objectives. To determine whether steaming oysters prevents gastroenteritis caused by small round structured (Norwalk-like) viruses and to identify risk factors for illness. Methods. The authors interviewed ail 48 people who ate oysters at two church suppers that were followed by outbreaks of gastroenteritis from a Norwalk-like virus. Data were collected on demographics, clinical illness, number of oysters eaten, and the extent to which they were cooked. Results. Among the 48 persons, the attack rate was 56%. The risk of illness increased with the number of oysters eaten (chi-square for trend = 5.7, P = 0.02). There was no decrease in attack rates among persons who ate oysters that were better done (chi-square for trend = 1.1, P = 0.29). Conclusions. In these outbreaks, the risk of illness increased with the number of oysters eaten. Steaming oysters did not appear to prevent illness, suggesting that steaming may not be adequate to inactivate small round structured viruses. Public health messages that have emphasized the role of raw shellfish in the transmission of enteric viruses should be altered to increase the public's awareness that eating steamed oysters may also pose health risks. C1 OFF PUBL HLTH STATE LOUISIANA,DIV HLTH PROTECT PROMOT,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CTR HLTH & ENVIRONM STAT STATE N CAROLINA,RALEIGH,NC. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,RALEIGH,NC 27611. RP Kirkland, KB (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BOX 3306,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 111 IS 6 BP 527 EP 530 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VT972 UT WOS:A1996VT97200029 PM 8955700 ER PT J AU Weyandt, TB Schrader, SM Turner, TW Simon, SD AF Weyandt, TB Schrader, SM Turner, TW Simon, SD TI Semen analysis of military personnel associated with military duty assignments SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE semen analysis; military personnel; lead aerosols; microwave ID SEMINAL PLASMA; QUALITY; SPERM; LEAD; HAZARDS; ASSAY AB A collaborative study between the U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory (USABRDL) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was designed to assess fecundity of male artillery soldiers with potential exposures to airborne lead aerosols, Potential exposure assess ment was based upon information provided in an interactive questionnaire, It became apparent from extensive questionnaire data that many soldiers in the initial control population had potentially experienced microwave exposure as radar equipment operators, As a result, a third group of soldiers without potential for lead or microwave exposures, but with similar environmental conditions, was selected as a comparison population, Blood hormone levels and semen analyses were conducted on artillerymen (n = 30), radar equipment operators (n = 20), and the comparison group (n = 31), Analysis of the questionnaire information revealed that concern about fertility problems motivated participation of some soldiers with potential artillery or microwave exposures. Although small study population size and the confounding variable of perceived infertility limit the reliability of the study, several statistically significant findings were identified, Artillerymen who perceived a possible fertility concern demonstrated lower sperm counts/ejaculate (P = 0.067) and lower sperm/mL (P = 0.014) than the comparison group, The group of men with potential microwave exposures demonstrated lower sperm counts/mL (P = 0.009) and sperm/ejaculate (P = 0.027) than the comparison group, Variables used to assess endocrine, accessory sex gland, and sperm cell function were not different than the comparison group, Additional studies, incorporating larger numbers of individuals, should be performed in order to more optimally characterize potential lead and microwave exposure effects on male fecundity. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,OFF MED RES,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 10 IS 6 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1016/S0890-6238(96)00139-6 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA VV528 UT WOS:A1996VV52800012 PM 8946566 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J HickmanBrenner, FW AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J HickmanBrenner, FW TI Supplement 1995 (no 39) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 23 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1995 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 11 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 5 to subspecies salamae, 2 to subspecies diarizonae, 3 to subspecies houtenae, 1 to subspecies indica, and 1 to S. bongori. C1 RKI,NATL REFERENZZENTRUM SALMONELLEN & ANDERE BAKTERI,ARBEITSGRP HAMBURG,INST HYG,HAMBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES SALMONELLA,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,INSERM,U389,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 147 IS 9 BP 765 EP 769 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(97)85123-6 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VX579 UT WOS:A1996VX57900010 PM 9296110 ER PT J AU Ellen, JM Langer, LM Zimmerman, RS Cabral, RJ Fichtner, R AF Ellen, JM Langer, LM Zimmerman, RS Cabral, RJ Fichtner, R TI The link between the use of crack cocaine and the sexually transmitted diseases of a clinic population - A comparison of adolescents with adults SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EARLY SYPHILIS; RISK-FACTORS; SEX; STD; BEHAVIORS; DRUGS AB Background and Objectives: To determine whether personal and/or a partner's use of crack cocaine is associated with the diagnosis of early syphilis or gonorrhea independent of high-risk sex behaviors, and to determine whether the relationships between crack cocaine and associated sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are similar for adolescents and adults. Study Design: A cross-sectional behavioral survey of heterosexual males and females attending public STD clinics in three cities. Logistic regression was used to identify risk behavior patterns associated with each STD compared with no STD. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that men who were high on drugs, including crack cocaine, before or during sex were more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.49; Confidence Intervals [CI] = 1.06, 2.13). Males more likely to be diagnosed with gonorrhea were younger (OR = 0.94; CI = 0.92, 0.96), had sex with a crack cocaine user (OR = 1.99; CI = 1.36, 2.91), did not use condoms last time they had sex with a nonmain partner (OR = 1.59; CI = 1.09, 2.13), and did not have sex with an intravenous drug user (OR = 0.45; CI = 0.22, 0.95). For women, there were no independent risk factor for syphilis but younger age was a risk factor for gonorrhea (OR = 0.95; CI = 0.91, 0.99). The associations between crack cocaine and syphilis and gonorrhea in men and between crack cocaine and syphilis in women were not significant among adolescents in this study. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the differences in the crack cocaine-related behaviors of adults and adolescents at risk for gonorrhea and syphilis. The nature of these differences support the use of distinct intervention strategies for each STD and for adolescents and adults. C1 FLORIDA INT UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL & ANTHROPOL,MIAMI,FL 33199. UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL MED,DEPT BEHAV SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Ellen, JM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,SAN FRANCISCO STD PREVENT & CONTROL PROGRAM,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI3499]; PHS HHS [R30/CCR903352-06, MCJ000978] NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 23 IS 6 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1097/00007435-199611000-00013 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA VU329 UT WOS:A1996VU32900013 PM 8946638 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM George, JD Gold, KW Cibulas, W Derosa, CT AF Mumtaz, MM George, JD Gold, KW Cibulas, W Derosa, CT TI ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals .4. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Understanding a complex problem SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE ATSDR health effects assessment; biomarkers; complex mixtures; data needs; human exposure; noncarcinogenic toxicity ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TUMOR-INITIATING ACTIVITY; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; BENZO(A)PYRENE DIOL-EPOXIDE; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT TUMORS; CHINESE-HAMSTER CELLS AB Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemicals that are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood garbage, or other organic substances, such as tobacco and charbroiled meat. There are more than 100 PAHs. PAHs generally occur as complex mixtures (for example, as part of products such as soot), not as single compounds. PAHs are found throughout the environment in the ail; water and sail. As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals, including PAHs(ATSDR, 1995), found at facilities an the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) National priorities List (NPL) and which pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the Environmental protection Agency (EPA). These profiles include information an health effects of chemicals from different routes and durations of exposure, their potential for exposure, regulations and advisories, and the adequacy of the existing database. Assessing the health effects of PAHs is a major challenge because environmental exposures to these chemicals are usually to complex mixtures of PAHs with other chemicals. The biological consequences of human exposure to mixtures of PAHs depend on the toxicity, carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic, of the individual components of the mixture, the types of interactions among them, and confounding factors that are not thoroughly understood Also identified are components of exposure and health effects research needed on PAHs that will allow estimation of realistic human health risks posed by exposures to PAHs. The exposure assessment component of research should focus on (1) development of reliable analytical methods for the determination of bioavailable PAHs following ingestion, (2) estimation of bioavailable PAHs from environmental media, particularly the determination of particle-bound PAHs, (3) data on ambient levels of PAHs metabolites in tissues/fluids of control populations, and (4) the need for a critical evaluation of current levels of PAHs found in environmental media including data from hazardous waste sites. The health effects component should focus on obtaining information on (I) the health effects of mixtures of PAHs particularly their noncarcinogenic effects in humans, and (2) their toxicokinetics. This report provides excerpts from the toxicological profile of PAHs (ATSDR, 1995) that contains more detailed information. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP Mumtaz, MM (reprint author), PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,4 EXECUT PK E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 973 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 31 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 12 IS 6 BP 742 EP 971 PG 230 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA WH877 UT WOS:A1996WH87700001 PM 9050165 ER PT J AU Gauntt, CJ Pallansch, MA AF Gauntt, CJ Pallansch, MA TI Coxsackievirus B3 clinical isolates and murine myocarditis (vol 41, pg 94, 1996) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Gauntt, CJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL,7703 FLOYD CURL DR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 45 IS 1 BP 69 EP 69 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(96)01384-6 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA VM884 UT WOS:A1996VM88400006 ER PT J AU Anderson, B Jones, D Burgess, A AF Anderson, B Jones, D Burgess, A TI Cloning, expression and sequence analysis of the Bartonella henselae gene encoding the HtrA stress-response protein SO GENE LA English DT Article DE heat-shock protein; antigen; serine protease; cat-scratch disease ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SIGMA-FACTOR; IDENTIFICATION; ROCHALIMAEA; IMMUNITY AB A cloned fragment of Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae (Bh) DNA was found to direct synthesis of an immunoreactive protein in Escherichia coli (Ec). Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1509 nucleotides encoding a protein of 503 amino acids that exhibited extensive identity (over the entire protein) with the HtrA stress-response proteins of Brucella abortus (59%), Ec (37%) and Salmonella typhimurium (36%). When the putative htr A gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and used as template for in vitro transcription and translation, a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 62 kDa was synthesized from the plasmid template. These results suggest that the immunoreactive Bh protein is homologous to the HtrA class of stress-response proteins. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Anderson, B (reprint author), UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MED MICROBIOL,MDC10,12901 BRUCE B DOWNS BLVD,TAMPA,FL 33612, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI38178-01A1] NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD OCT 31 PY 1996 VL 178 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00330-7 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VT126 UT WOS:A1996VT12600006 PM 8921888 ER PT J AU Ward, EM Fajen, JM Ruder, AM Rinsky, RA Halperin, WE FesslerFlesch, CA AF Ward, EM Fajen, JM Ruder, AM Rinsky, RA Halperin, WE FesslerFlesch, CA TI Mortality study of workers employed in 1,3-butadiene production units identified from a large chemical workers cohort (Reprinted from Environmental Health Perspectives; Journal of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, vol 103, June 1995) SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Reprint CT International Symposium on Evaluation of Butadiene and Isoprene Health Risks CY JUN 27-29, 1995 CL BLAINE, WA SP Amer Ind Hygiene Assoc, Amer Petr Inst, Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Chem Manufacturers Assoc, EPA, European Chem Ind Council, European Ctr Ecotoxicol & Toxicol Chem, Hlth Effects Inst, Int Agcy Res Canc, Int Inst Synthet Rubber Producers, Int Programme Chem Safety, NIEHS, Soc Toxicol, Univ Washington, Sch Public Hlth & Community Med, Int Congress Toxicol DE cancer; mortality; epidemiology; butadiene ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; CARCINOGENICITY; FACILITY; INDUSTRY; CANCER AB The IARC has given the designations of ''sufficient evidence'' of carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in experimental animals and ''limited evidence'' of carcinogenicity in humans. To investigate the carcinogenic effect in humans, a cohort mortality study was conducted among 364 men who were assigned to any of three 1,3-butadiene production units located within several chemical plants in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia, including 277 men employed in a U.S. Rubber Reserve Plant which operated during World War II. The butadiene production units included in this study were selected from an index developed by the Union Carbide Corporation which listed for each chemical production unit within their South Charleston and Institute plants all products, by-products and reactants. Departments included in the study were those where butadiene was a primary product and neither benzene nor ethylene oxide was present. A total of 185 deaths were observed; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was 91, reflecting lower mortality among the study population than the U.S. population. The study found a significantly elevated standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma based on four observed cases (SMR = 577; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 157-1480), which persisted in an analysis using county referent rates. An excess of lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma among all workers and among workers with routine exposure to 1,3-butadiene was also observed in the only other cohort of 1,3-butadiene production workers previously studied. A statistically non-significant excess of stomach cancer was observed in the overall cohort (five cases; SMR = 243; CI = 79-568) that was most pronounced among workers employed in the Rubber Reserve plant for 2 or more years (five cases; SMR = 657; CI = 213-1530). We conclude that the results of this study add to the weight of evidence suggesting that butadiene is carcinogenic in humans. RP Ward, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD OCT 28 PY 1996 VL 113 IS 1-3 BP 157 EP 168 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03441-5 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA VQ391 UT WOS:A1996VQ39100024 PM 8901895 ER PT J AU Rohrbacher, P Miller, K Cameron, L Lexon, M See, C Slotnick, K Miller, J OBryan, M Herriford, G Glass, K Schmidt, T Evans, W Kunkel, P Bond, B Maddux, J Masters, M Westcott, M Ritter, D Kew, S Wood, L Yett, G Jenkerson, SA Schloss, M Funk, E Beller, M Nakamura, P Middaugh, JP Boase, J Lamont, B AF Rohrbacher, P Miller, K Cameron, L Lexon, M See, C Slotnick, K Miller, J OBryan, M Herriford, G Glass, K Schmidt, T Evans, W Kunkel, P Bond, B Maddux, J Masters, M Westcott, M Ritter, D Kew, S Wood, L Yett, G Jenkerson, SA Schloss, M Funk, E Beller, M Nakamura, P Middaugh, JP Boase, J Lamont, B TI Measles outbreak among school-aged children - Juneau, Alaska, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 777, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,MEASLES VIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,CHILD VACCINE PREVENTABLE DIS BRANCH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING PROPOSAL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Rohrbacher, P (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,POB 110601,JUNEAU,AK 99811, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 23 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 16 BP 1294 EP 1295 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VM825 UT WOS:A1996VM82500015 ER PT J AU Silvers, LE Watkins, S Strickland, GT Clothier, M Grant, J Hall, E Joe, L Thompson, MA Sullivan, S Ryan, J Shanahan, P Baumann, CG Shochet, M Sprouse, G Nevins, JT McQuay, H Israel, E Dwyer, DM AF Silvers, LE Watkins, S Strickland, GT Clothier, M Grant, J Hall, E Joe, L Thompson, MA Sullivan, S Ryan, J Shanahan, P Baumann, CG Shochet, M Sprouse, G Nevins, JT McQuay, H Israel, E Dwyer, DM TI Human ehrlichiosis - Maryland, 1994 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 798-802, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 KENT CTY HLTH DEPT,CHESTERTOWN,MD. ANNE ARUNDEL CTY HLTH DEPT,ANNAPOLIS,MD. QUEEN ANNES CTY HLTH DEPT,CENTREVILLE,MD. TALBOT CTY HLTH DEPT,EASTON,MD. SHORE HLTH LABS,EASTON,MD. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Silvers, LE (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 15 BP 1212 EP 1213 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL691 UT WOS:A1996VL69100012 ER PT J AU BesserWiek, JW Forfang, J Hedberg, CW Korlath, JA Osterholm, MT Sterling, CR Garcia, L AF BesserWiek, JW Forfang, J Hedberg, CW Korlath, JA Osterholm, MT Sterling, CR Garcia, L TI Foodborne outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cryptosporidium parvum - Minnesota, 1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 783-784, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BesserWiek, JW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 15 BP 1214 EP 1214 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL691 UT WOS:A1996VL69100013 ER PT J AU Vergara, AE Pertowski, CA Rosenblum, LS AF Vergara, AE Pertowski, CA Rosenblum, LS TI Lead poisoning: Costs of care in the United States, 1988-1992 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Vergara, AE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 15 BP 1221 EP 1221 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL691 UT WOS:A1996VL69100025 PM 8849746 ER PT J AU PablosMendez, A Sterling, TR Frieden, TR AF PablosMendez, A Sterling, TR Frieden, TR TI The relationship between delayed or incomplete treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with tuberculosis SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; THERAPY; DIAGNOSIS; SURVIVAL AB Objective.-To analyze the factors associated with survival in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in New York City. Design.-Observational study of a citywide cohort of tuberculosis cases. Setting.-New York City, April 1991, before the strengthening of its control program. Patients.-All 229 newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis documented by culture in April 1991. Most patients (74%) were male, and the median age was 37 years (range, 1-89 years). In all, 89% belonged to minority groups. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was present in 50% and multidrug resistance in 7% of the cases. Twenty-one patients (9%) were not treated. Main Outcome Measures.-Follow-up information was collected through the New York City tuberculosis registry; death from any cause was verified through the National Death Index. Results.-Cumulative all-cause mortality by October 1994 was 44%; the median survival for those who died was 6.3 months (range, 0 days to 3 years). The most important baseline predictors of mortality, adjusted for baseline clinical and demographic factors, were acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (91% vs 11% in HIV-seronegative patients; Cox relative risk [RR], 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-29.1), multidrug resistance (87% vs 39% in pansensitive cases; adjusted RR, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.3-14.5), and lack of treatment (81% vs 40%; adjusted RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-9.7). Also, 11 of 13 HIV-infected patients who started treatment after a 1-month delay died. Among 173 patients surviving the recommended treatment period, those who completed therapy (66%) had a lower subsequent mortality (20% vs 37%; RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). Conclusions.-Mortality from tuberculosis was high, even among patients without multidrug resistance who were not known to be infected with HIV. Most HIV-seropositive patients with delayed therapy died. Multidrug resistance predicted higher mortality, and treatment completion was associated with improved subsequent patient survival. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,NEW YORK,NY 10013. KEESLER MED CTR,KEESLER AFB,MS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PablosMendez, A (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DIV GEN MED,622 W 168TH ST,PH-9E-105,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. NR 43 TC 162 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 15 BP 1223 EP 1228 DI 10.1001/jama.276.15.1223 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL691 UT WOS:A1996VL69100030 PM 8849749 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Sherman, LF Maw, KL Fujiwara, PI Crawford, JT Nivin, B Sharp, V Hewlett, D Brudney, K Alland, D Kreiswirth, BN AF Frieden, TR Sherman, LF Maw, KL Fujiwara, PI Crawford, JT Nivin, B Sharp, V Hewlett, D Brudney, K Alland, D Kreiswirth, BN TI A multi-institutional outbreak of highly drug-resistant tuberculosis - Epidemiology and clinical outcomes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Objective.-To investigate a multi-institutional outbreak of highly resistant tuberculosis and evaluate patient outcome. Design.-Epidemiologic investigation of every tuberculosis case reported in New York City. Setting.-Patients cared for at all public and nonpublic institutions from January 1, 1990, to August 1, 1993 (43 months). Patients.-We reviewed medical and public health records and conducted clinical, epidemiologic, drug susceptibility, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. A case was defined as tuberculosis in a patient with an isolate resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol hydrochloride, and streptomycin (and rifabutin, if sensitivity testing included it), and, if RFLP testing was done, a pattern identical to or closely related to strain W. Main Outcome Measures.-Patient survival and the conversion of sputum cultures from positive to negative. Results.-Of the 357 patients who met the case definition, 267 had identical or nearly identical RFLP patterns; isolates from the other 90 patients were not available for RFLP testing. Among these 267 patients, 86% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, 7% were HIV-negative, and 7% had unknown HIV status. All-cause mortality was 83%. Epidemiologic linkages were identified for 70% of patients, of whom 96% likely had nosocomially acquired disease at 11 hospitals. Survival was prolonged among patients who recieved medications to which their isolate was susceptible, especially capreomycin sulfate, and among patients with a CD4(+) T-lymphocyte count greater than 0.200x10(9)/L (200/mu L). Treatment with isoniazid and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic was also independently associated with longer survival. Conclusions.-This outbreak accounted for nearly one fourth of the cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States during a 43-month period. Most patients had nosocomially acquired disease, were infected with HIV, and unless promptly and appropriately treated, died rapidly. With appropriate directly observed treatment, especially combinations including an injectable medication, even severely immunocompromised patients had culture conversion and prolonged, tuberculosis-free survival. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. ST CLARES HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. LINCOLN MED & MENTAL HLTH CTR,BRONX,NY 10451. COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BRONX,NY 10467. PUBL HLTH RES INST,NEW YORK,NY. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,125 WORTH ST,BOX 74,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 40 TC 282 Z9 290 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 15 BP 1229 EP 1235 DI 10.1001/jama.276.15.1229 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL691 UT WOS:A1996VL69100031 PM 8849750 ER PT J AU Oakley, GP Heath, CW AF Oakley, GP Heath, CW TI Cancer, environmental health, and birth defects - Examples of new directions in public health practice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; LEUKEMIA; RISK; BIPHENYLS; TERATOGEN; EXPOSURE; LYMPHOMA; EPIDEMIC; ATLANTA; ACID C1 AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP Oakley, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 8 SU S BP S58 EP S64 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN121 UT WOS:A1996VN12100009 PM 8857844 ER PT J AU Stroup, DF Smith, JC AF Stroup, DF Smith, JC TI Statistical methods in public health: The influence of Alexander D. Langmuir SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDS PROJECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY; FARR C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Stroup, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,MS C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 8 SU S BP S29 EP S33 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN121 UT WOS:A1996VN12100004 PM 8857839 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Gregg, MB AF Thacker, SB Gregg, MB TI Implementing the concepts of William Farr: The contributions of Alexander D. Langmuir to public health surveillance and communications SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; INFLUENZA; ABERRATIONS RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,MS C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 8 SU S BP S23 EP S28 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN121 UT WOS:A1996VN12100003 PM 8857838 ER PT J AU Tyler, CW AF Tyler, CW TI Contributions of Alexander D. Langmuir to the epidemiologic study of population change and family planning SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRAUTERINE-DEVICE RP Tyler, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP E-42,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 8 SU S BP S51 EP S57 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN121 UT WOS:A1996VN12100008 PM 8857843 ER PT J AU Das, A Lal, AA Talwar, GP Hasnain, SE Sinha, S AF Das, A Lal, AA Talwar, GP Hasnain, SE Sinha, S TI A one-step lysis procedure for 18S ribosomal RNA-based diagnosis of infection by Plasmodium species SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA PARASITES; FALCIPARUM; GENE; SEQUENCE; VIVAX C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT BIOCHEM,NEW DELHI 110029,INDIA. RP Das, A (reprint author), NATL INST IMMUNOL,NEW DELHI 110067,INDIA. RI HASNAIN, SEYED/C-1492-2009 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD OCT 15 PY 1996 VL 241 IS 2 BP 262 EP 264 DI 10.1006/abio.1996.0409 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA VV144 UT WOS:A1996VV14400019 PM 8921197 ER PT J AU Flint, AJ Yamada, EG AF Flint, AJ Yamada, EG TI Black/white differences in cigarette smoking initiation in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 15 PY 1996 VL 94 IS 8 SU S BP 1978 EP 1978 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA VN119 UT WOS:A1996VN11901973 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Glass, RI AF Cunliffe, NA Glass, RI TI Gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV infection SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP Cunliffe, NA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 12 PY 1996 VL 348 IS 9033 BP 1037 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64970-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VM027 UT WOS:A1996VM02700068 PM 8855890 ER PT J AU Cassol, S Weniger, BG Babu, PG Salminen, MO Zheng, XW Htoon, MT Delaney, A OShaughnessy, M Ou, CY AF Cassol, S Weniger, BG Babu, PG Salminen, MO Zheng, XW Htoon, MT Delaney, A OShaughnessy, M Ou, CY TI Detection of HIV type 1 env subtypes A, B, C, and E in Asia using dried blood spots: A new surveillance tool for molecular epidemiology SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN INDIA; THAILAND; STRAINS AB Global surveillance of HIV-I subtypes for genetic characterization is hampered by the biohazard of processing and the difficulties of shipping whole blood or cells from many developing country regions, We developed a technique for the direct automated sequencing of viral DNA from dried blood spot (DBS) specimens collected on absorbent paper, which can be mailed unrefrigerated in sturdy paper envelopes with low biohazard risk. DBS were collected nonrandomly from HIV-1-infected, mostly asymptomatic, patients in five Asian countries in 1991, and shipped via airmail or hand carried without refrigeration to Bangkok, and then transshipped to North America for processing, After more than 2 years of storage, including 6 months at ambient temperatures, proviral DNA in the DB5 was amplified by nested PCR, and a 389-nucleotide segment of the C2-V3 env gene region was sequenced, from which 287 base pairs were aligned and subtyped by phylogenetic analysis with neighbor-joining and other methods. From southern India, there were 25 infections with subtype C and 2 with subtype A, From Myanmar (Burma), we identified the first subtype E infection, as well as six subtype B-B, a distinct cluster within subtype B that was first discovered in Thailand and that has now appeared in China, Malaysia, and Japan, From southwest China, one Bg was identified, while a ''classical'' B typical of North American and European strains was found in Indonesia, From Thailand, five DBS of ambiguous serotype were identified as three B, one Bg, and one E, A blinded control serotype E specimen was correctly identified, but a serotype Bg control was not tested. Most HIV-1 in southern India appears to be env subtype C, with rare A, as others have reported in western and northern India, The subtypes Bg and E in Myanmar, and the Bg in China, suggest epidemiological linkage with these subtypes in neighboring Thailand, DBS are a practical, economical technique for conducting large-scale molecular epidemiological surveillance to track the global distribution and spread of HIV-1 variants. C1 OTTAWA GEN HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL,OTTAWA,ON K1H 8L6,CANADA. UNIV OTTAWA,OTTAWA,ON K1H 8L6,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHRISTIAN MED COLL & HOSP,VELLORE 632004,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. HENRY M JACKSON FDN ADVANCEMENT MIL MED,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,CTR AIDS SURVEILLANCE,BEIJING 100050,PEOPLES R CHINA. DEPT HLTH,RANGOON,MYANMAR. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,BIOMED RES CTR,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z3,CANADA. BRITISH COLUMBIA CTR EXCELLENCE HIV AIDS,VANCOUVER,BC V6Z 1Y6,CANADA. RP Cassol, S (reprint author), OTTAWA GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,501 SMYTH RD,OTTAWA,ON K1H 8L6,CANADA. RI Salminen, Mika/D-8784-2013; OI Salminen, Mika/0000-0003-3020-0866; Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 49 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 10 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 15 BP 1435 EP 1441 DI 10.1089/aid.1996.12.1435 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VM095 UT WOS:A1996VM09500006 PM 8893051 ER PT J AU Saltarelli, MJ Hadziyannis, E Hart, CE Harrison, JV Felber, BK Spira, TJ Pavlakis, GN AF Saltarelli, MJ Hadziyannis, E Hart, CE Harrison, JV Felber, BK Spira, TJ Pavlakis, GN TI Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mRNA splicing patterns during disease progression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from infected individuals SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN T-CELLS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION; REV PROTEIN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEF GENE; LYMPHADENOPATHY SYNDROME; ACCESSORY PROTEINS; ACTIVATION DOMAIN AB HIV-1 produces more than 20 mRNAs encoding the viral proteins, We have used a sensitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach to determine HIV-1 transcriptional patterns during the course of viral infection in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different patients, Several sets of PCR primers, used in parallel reactions, allowed the amplification and specific detection of almost all individual HIV-1 transcripts, We investigated the transcriptional profile in two individuals during primary acute and early chronic infection, In these individuals, HIV-1 mRNA expression was elevated at the first time points examined and declined over time, In addition, we performed a detailed study of HIV-1 expression in several individuals over a minimum of 7 years following seroconversion, We found that longterm asymptomatic individuals had undetectable or low levels of the three classes of HIV-1 transcripts (unspliced, singly spliced, and multiply spliced), Individuals who demonstrated disease progression showed either a general increase in the amount of expression of ail transcripts or elevated levels of unspliced transcripts in late-stage disease, The splicing pattern in each patient was conserved over the years and differed among the different individuals, No evidence of major changes in the splicing pattern was found during disease progression within the same individual, Thus, HIV-1 transcriptional patterns are viral strain specific rather than disease stage specific, These results indicate that high-level expression of any class of HIV-1 transcripts is associated with clinical progression, Our analysis also demonstrates the importance of using more than one set of primers to evaluate HIV-1 RNA expression, since virus in patient PBMCs showed sequence heterogeneity in conserved regions. C1 NCI, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR, ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM, HUMAN RETROVIRUS SECT, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NCI, FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR, HUMAN RETROVIRUS PATHOGENESIS GRP, ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM, FREDERICK, MD 21702 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, IMMUNOL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 72 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 10 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 15 BP 1443 EP 1456 DI 10.1089/aid.1996.12.1443 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VM095 UT WOS:A1996VM09500007 PM 8893052 ER PT J AU Miller, L Mangione, E Beebe, J Hoffman, RE Levy, P Huitt, G Miller, GL AF Miller, L Mangione, E Beebe, J Hoffman, RE Levy, P Huitt, G Miller, GL TI Infection with Mycobacterium abscessus associated with intramuscular injection of adrenal cortex extract - Colorado and Wyoming, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 713, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DENVER,CO 80206. WYOMING DEPT HLTH,CHEYENNE,WY 82006. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV AIDS STD & TB LAB RES,TB MYCOBACTERIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Miller, L (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,DENVER,CO 80222, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 14 BP 1130 EP 1130 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL332 UT WOS:A1996VL33200008 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO Lazzarini, Z Neslund, VS Osterholm, MI AF Gostin, LO Lazzarini, Z Neslund, VS Osterholm, MI TI Patient privacy and secondary use of administrative databases - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), GEORGETOWN JOHNS HOPKINS PROGRAM LAW & PUBL HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 14 BP 1138 EP 1138 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL332 UT WOS:A1996VL33200017 ER PT J AU Jacobs, H Brennan, P Curlin, G Ginsberg, A Adams, M Fleischmann, R Fraser, C Venter, JC Shinnick, T Bishai, W Smith, H Stover, K Hatfull, G AF Jacobs, H Brennan, P Curlin, G Ginsberg, A Adams, M Fleischmann, R Fraser, C Venter, JC Shinnick, T Bishai, W Smith, H Stover, K Hatfull, G TI Comparative sequencing SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. INST GENOM RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. PATHOGENESIS CORP,SEATTLE,WA 98119. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP Jacobs, H (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 4 PY 1996 VL 274 IS 5284 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA VK748 UT WOS:A1996VK74800002 ER PT J AU Velazquez, FR Matson, DO Calva, JJ Guerrero, ML Morrow, AL CarterCampbell, S Glass, RI Estes, MK Pickering, LK RuizPalacios, GM AF Velazquez, FR Matson, DO Calva, JJ Guerrero, ML Morrow, AL CarterCampbell, S Glass, RI Estes, MK Pickering, LK RuizPalacios, GM TI Rotavirus infection in infants as protection against subsequent infections SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RURAL BANGLADESH; MEXICAN CHILDREN; DIARRHEA; GASTROENTERITIS; COHORT; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEVERITY AB Background Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants. To provide a base line for assessing the efficacy of rotavirus vaccines, we evaluated the protection that is conferred by natural rotavirus infection. Methods We monitored 200 Mexican infants from birth to two years of age by weekly home visits and stool collections. A physician assessed the severity of any episodes of diarrhea and collected additional stool specimens for testing by enzyme immunoassay and typing of strains. Serum collected during the first week of life and every four months thereafter was tested for antirotavirus IgA and IgG. Results A total of 316 rotavirus infections were detected on the basis of the fecal excretion of virus (56 percent) or a serologic response (77 percent), of which 52 percent were first and 48 percent repeated infections. Children with one, two, or three previous infections had progressively lower risks of both subsequent rotavirus infection (adjusted relative risk, 0.82, 0.40, and 0.34, respectively) and diarrhea (adjusted relative risk, 0.23, 0.17, and 0.08) than children who had no previous infections. No child had moderate-to-severe diarrhea after two infections, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic. Subsequent infections were significantly less severe than first infections (P=0.024), and second infections were more likely to be caused by another G type (P=0.054). Conclusions In infants, natural rotavirus infection confers protection against subsequent infection. This protection increases with each new infection and reduces the severity of the diarrhea. (C) 1996, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 INST NACL NUTR SALVADOR ZUBIRAN,DEPT INFECT DIS,MEXICO CITY 14000,DF,MEXICO. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA 23501. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOL VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-13201] NR 44 TC 466 Z9 493 U1 3 U2 12 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 3 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 14 BP 1022 EP 1028 DI 10.1056/NEJM199610033351404 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VL459 UT WOS:A1996VL45900004 PM 8793926 ER PT J AU Levy, M Fletcher, M Moody, M Cory, D Corbitt, W Borowiecki, C Gries, D Heidingsfelder, J Oglesby, A Butwin, J Ewert, D Bixler, D Barrett, B Laurie, K Muniz, E Steele, G Baldonti, A Williamson, B Layton, M Kornstein, L Griffin, E Cambridge, M Fogg, N Guzewich, J Root, T Morse, D Wagoner, J Deasey, M Miller, K AF Levy, M Fletcher, M Moody, M Cory, D Corbitt, W Borowiecki, C Gries, D Heidingsfelder, J Oglesby, A Butwin, J Ewert, D Bixler, D Barrett, B Laurie, K Muniz, E Steele, G Baldonti, A Williamson, B Layton, M Kornstein, L Griffin, E Cambridge, M Fogg, N Guzewich, J Root, T Morse, D Wagoner, J Deasey, M Miller, K TI Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with consumption of raw shell eggs - United States, 1994-1995 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 735-742, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VANDERBURGH CTY HLTH DEPT,EVANSVILLE,IN. INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,NEW YORK,NY. SUFFOLK CTY HLTH DEPT,HAUPPAUGE,NY. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR ENVIRONM INVEST,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNITY SANITAT & FOOD PROTECT,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK STATE DEPT AGR & MARKETS,ALBANY,NY 12235. PENN DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. US FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. CDC,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN DEPT AGR,HARRISBURG,PA 17110. RP Levy, M (reprint author), DIST COLUMBIA COMMISS PUBL HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 2 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 13 BP 1017 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VK035 UT WOS:A1996VK03500004 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, MS Schanker, HM Fan, PT Saxon, A Weisman, JD Pozalski, I AF Gottlieb, MS Schanker, HM Fan, PT Saxon, A Weisman, JD Pozalski, I TI Pneumocystis pneumonia - Los Angeles (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 729-733, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MONONUCLEOSIS C1 CEDARS MT SINAI HOSP,LOS ANGELES,CA. CDC,DIV FIELD SERV,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Gottlieb, MS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV CLIN IMMUNOL ALLERGY,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 2 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 13 BP 1020 EP & PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VK035 UT WOS:A1996VK03500005 ER PT J AU Birch, ME Cary, RA AF Birch, ME Cary, RA TI Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL; PARTICLES; WORKERS; CANCER; RISK; DUST; RATS AB Diesel exhaust has been classified a probable human carcinogen, and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended that employers reduce workers' exposures. Because diesel exhaust is a chemically complex mixture containing thousands of compounds, some measure of exposure must be selected. Previously used methods involving gravimetry or analysis of the soluble organic fraction of diesel soot lack adequate sensitivity and selectivity for low-level determination of particulate diesel exhaust; a new analytical approach was therefore needed. In this paper, results of investigation of a thermal-optical technique for analysis of the carbonaceous fraction of particulate diesel exhaust are reported. With this technique, speciation of organic and elemental carbon is accomplished through temperature and atmosphere control, and by an optical feature that corrects for pyrolytically generated carbon, or ''char,'' which is formed during the analysis of some materials. The thermal-optical method was selected because the instrument has desirable design features not present in other carbon analyzers. Although various carbon types are determined, elemental carbon is the superior marker of diesel particulate matter because elemental carbon constitutes a large fraction of the particulate mass, it can be quantified at low levels, and its only significant source in most workplaces is the diesel engine. Exposure-related issues and results of investigation of various sampling methods for particulate diesel exhaust also are discussed. C1 SUNSET LAB, FOREST GROVE, OR 97116 USA. RP Birch, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, US DEPT HHS, PUBL HLTH SERV, NIOSH, DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 61 TC 1002 Z9 1016 U1 16 U2 121 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 25 IS 3 BP 221 EP 241 DI 10.1080/02786829608965393 PG 21 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VJ739 UT WOS:A1996VJ73900001 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Hanson, DL Chu, SY Ciesielski, CA Kaplan, JE Ward, JW Navin, TR AF Jones, JL Hanson, DL Chu, SY Ciesielski, CA Kaplan, JE Ward, JW Navin, TR TI Toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected persons: Risk factors and trends SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE toxoplasmosis; HIV infection; AIDS ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GONDII; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; CATS AB Objective: To evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for toxoplasmic encephalitis among HIV-infected persons. Design: Medical facility-based prospective medical record reviews of consecutive patients. Methods: We analysed data collected from January 1990 through August 1995 in more than 90 inpatient and,outpatient medical facilities in nine US cities. Incidence was calculated as cases per 100 person-years and risk ratios (RR) for annual incidence were calculated using proportional hazards regression while controlling for city, sex, race, age, county of birth, HIV exposure mode, and prior prescription of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Results: The incidence of TE was 4.0 cases per 100 person-years among persons with a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of < 100x10(6)/l. In multivariate analysis, among the nine cities the annual incidence of toxoplasmosis was significantly lower only in Denver [RR, 0.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1-0.7; referent city, Seattle]. Persons prescribed TMP-SMX were half as likely to develop toxoplasmic encephalitis as those who were not (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.7). Of the 4173 persons with AIDS (1987 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition) who died during the study period, 267 (6.4%) had toxoplasmic encephalitis in the course of HIV disease. Conclusions: Toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected persons varies by geographic area in the United States. TMP-SMX reduces the risk for toxoplasmic encephalitis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT PY 1996 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1393 EP 1399 DI 10.1097/00002030-199610000-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VL992 UT WOS:A1996VL99200012 PM 8902069 ER PT J AU Greenberg, JB Johnson, WD Fichtner, RR AF Greenberg, JB Johnson, WD Fichtner, RR TI A community support group for HIV-seropositive drug users: Is attendance associated with reductions in risk behaviour? SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION PROGRAM; AIDS PREVENTION; BISEXUAL MEN; WOMEN; INTERVENTION; TRANSMISSION; ISSUES AB Although support groups for HIV-seropositive persons are a potential source of emotional support and information, there has been little assessment of such groups as to their role in changing risk behaviour for transmission. The present study combines observations from over 52 group sessions with baseline and follow-up interview data to assess changes in sex and drug behaviour among seropositive drug users participating in an ongoing group far African Americans. The sample of 100 adults was recruited from drug treatment centres and from the community in Atlanta, Georgia. At the 6-month interview, frequency of group attendance was associated mainly with healthier drug behaviour, the topic most frequently discussed by members. Findings suggest that training for support group facilitators needs to target two areas for technology transfer: successful strategies for reducing both high-risk sex and drug behaviour and methods for introducing these behavioural change tools into a setting designed for socio-emotional support. We conclude that community support groups are an untapped opportunity for low-cost prevention services. RP Greenberg, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E44,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD OCT PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 529 EP 540 DI 10.1080/09540129650125498 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA VL073 UT WOS:A1996VL07300003 PM 8893904 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Fishbein, M Johnson, WD Schnell, DJ Esacove, A Cohn, D Corby, N Krepcho, M GuentherGrey, C Sheridan, J Tross, S Wood, R AF Wolitski, RJ Fishbein, M Johnson, WD Schnell, DJ Esacove, A Cohn, D Corby, N Krepcho, M GuentherGrey, C Sheridan, J Tross, S Wood, R TI Sources of HIV information among injecting drug users: Association with gender, ethnicity, and risk behaviour SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID AIDS-PREVENTION; MASS-MEDIA; SEXUAL PARTNERS; EDUCATION; COMMUNITY; OUTREACH AB Sources of HIV information were examined for 774 male and female injecting drug users (IDUs). The majority (80.7%) had received HIV information from one or more sources in the prior 3 months. The most frequently mentioned sources were television (39.9%) and friends or family (22.2). There were few differences in source of HIV information with regard to gender, ethnicity, or age. Differences were more frequently observed between cities. The relationship of information source and subject characteristics with HIV knowledge, perceived risk, drug-related and sexual practices was examined using logistic regression. For men, exposure to mass media sources (OR = 1.48) and small media materials (OR = 2.03) were related to HIV knowledge. Small media and interpersonal information were related to HIV testing for men (OR = 1.95 and 1.85, respectively) and women (OR = 2.25 and 2.54). Interpersonal sources of information were also associated with increased sharing of injection equipment (OR = 2.04) and bleach use (OR = 2.23) among female IDUs. Significant differences in HIV knowledge and risk-related practices were also observed for ethnicity, city, men who have sex with men, and women who had traded sex for money or drugs. Implications for targeting HIV prevention efforts for IDUs are discussed. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BEHAV INTERVENT RES BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU PHS HHS [UC 62/CCU 902043-08] NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD OCT PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 541 EP 555 DI 10.1080/09540129650125506 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA VL073 UT WOS:A1996VL07300004 PM 8893905 ER PT J AU Miller, KS Hennessy, M Wendell, DA Webber, MP Schoenbaum, EE AF Miller, KS Hennessy, M Wendell, DA Webber, MP Schoenbaum, EE TI Behavioral risks for HIV infection associated with HIV-testing decisions SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; AIDS; WOMEN; PERCEPTION; RATES; MEN; SEX AB Adolescent and adult women were offered HIV testing as part of a clinic-based research program on HIV/AIDS in New York City. Sixty-four percent consented to testing and 87% of those tested returned to receive their results. This paper uses two-stage regression methods to identify sexual behavioral risk factors for HIV infection associated with the decision to accept the HIV test and subsequently to return for the results. Of the risk factors examined, having more than a single sex partner and never using a condom in the last year were strong predictors of taking the test; three or more sex partners had the strongest effects on the decision to return for the HIV test results. We conclude that voluntary HIV testing in this group can identify women with behavioral risks of HIV infection. Thus, voluntary HIV testing may be effective in targeting persons at high risk because behavioral risks are associated with the decision to take the HIV test. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOUISIANA OFF PUBL HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY. RP Miller, KS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 394 EP 402 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP300 UT WOS:A1996VP30000002 PM 8911567 ER PT J AU Deren, S Sanchez, J Shedlin, M Davis, WR Beardsley, M Jarlais, DD Miller, K AF Deren, S Sanchez, J Shedlin, M Davis, WR Beardsley, M Jarlais, DD Miller, K TI HIV risk behaviors among Dominican brothel and street prostitutes in New York City SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AIDS; HISPANICS AB Latina women are overrepresented among AIDS cases in the United States, To assist in developing appropriate prevention and intervention programs, information regarding HIV risk behaviors is needed on the many diverse Latina subgroups. This study examined sociodemographic characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of Dominican female prostitutes, comparing those who worked primarily in brothels with those who were street workers. A total of 77 Dominican prostitutes (54 brothel; 23 street) were recruited in New York City to participate in a structured interview and were offered HIV testing. Ethnographic interviews were conducted with a subscale. Results indicated that there were many significant differences in demographics and risk behaviors between the two groups, and those working in brothels engaged in lower levels of risk behaviors. In addition, those working in brothels had closer ties to the Dominican and Spanish cultures, Implications for AIDS prevention efforts are discussed. C1 SOCIOMED RESOURCE ASSOCIATES INC,WESTPORT,CT. BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. OI Shedlin, Michele/0000-0003-2112-7601 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU204540] NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 8 IS 5 BP 444 EP 456 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP300 UT WOS:A1996VP30000006 PM 8911571 ER PT J AU Streicher, RP Arnold, JE Ernst, MK Cooper, CV AF Streicher, RP Arnold, JE Ernst, MK Cooper, CV TI Development of a novel derivatization reagent for the sampling and analysis of total isocyanate group in air and comparison of its performance with that of several established reagent SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP); non-monomeric isocyanates ID CHEMICAL LABEL; 9-METHYLAMINO-METHYLANTHRACENE; FLUORESCENCE; TRYPTAMINE; EXPOSURE; AGENT AB Analytical reference standards generally are not available for non-monomeric isocyanate species, making accurate identification and quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) difficult. A successful derivatizing reagent must react rapidly with all isocyanate groups, the derivatized isocyanate must be detectable selectively and at very low levels, and the detector used for quantitation must give a response proportional to the number of derivatized isocyanate groups present. A novel derivatizing reagent, 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP),was prepared in an attempt to achieve these goals. Derivatives were prepared by reacting five mono- and difunctional isocyanates with MAP and three other established isocyanate derivatizing reagents. These reagents included 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (MOPP), 9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene (MAMA), and tryptamine (TRYP). The relative reactivities of MAP, MOPP, TRYP, and MAMA with phenyl isocyanate were found to be 100, 88, 30, and 25, respectively. Average molar absorptivities at the absorbance maxima +/- compound-to-compound variabilities were, for MAP: 1.47 x 10(5) +/- 3.50%; MAMA: 1.38 x 10(5) +/- 7.07%; and TRYP: 3.98 x 10(4) +/- 13.1%. Average fluorescence responses were, for MAP: 100 +/- 32.6%; MAMA: 41.0 +/- 58.8%; and TRYP: 2.27 +/- 15.6%. A comparison of MAP and MOPP ureas by HPLC/ultraviolet (UV)/electrochemical (EC) gave average responses for UV, EC, and EC/UV for MAP: 117 +/- 7.3%, 52.1 +/- 6.6%, and 0.447 +/- 10.7%, respectively; for MOPP: 24.3 +/- 62.5%, 76.7 +/- 28.5%, and 4.28 +/- 59.1%, respectively. The favorable performance of MAP warrants its further study as a reagent for the determination of total isocyanate group in air. RP Streicher, RP (reprint author), NIOSH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,US PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 57 IS 10 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1996)057<0905:DOANDR>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP975 UT WOS:A1996VP97500004 PM 8865599 ER PT J AU Reh, BD Fajen, JM AF Reh, BD Fajen, JM TI Worker exposures to nitrosamines in a rubber vehicle sealing plant SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE nitrosamines; nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA); rubber vehicle sealing; salt bath curing process ID DOSE-RESPONSE; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE AB Occupational nitrosamine exposures were measured during a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) health hazard evaluation at a rubber vehicle sealing plant. All of the 28 personal breathing zone samples had detectable concentrations of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrosodiethylamine nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and nitrosomorpholine; and 27 of the 28 samples had detectable concentrations of nitrosopyrrolidine. The NDMA exposures were the highest, ranging from 0.47 to 11.44 mu g/m(3). The next highest exposures were to NPIP, ranging from 0.20 to 4.39 mu g/m(3). Several general area air samples were also collected, which revealed concentrations of NDMA ranging from 2.29 to 88.47 mu g/m(3) at the drills along the salt bath lines. The salt bath curing process appears to be the primary source of nitrosamine formation, and personal exposures were highest for the salt bath line operators and assistant operators. Although there are no numerical occupational nitrosamine standards in the United States to reference, the exposures in this plant were much higher than the German standard of 1 mu g/m(3) total nitrosamines for general industry and 2.5 mu g/m(3) total nitrosamines for certain processes such as vulcanization. NIOSH investigators recommended that the ventilation systems be improved to reduce the exposures to the lowest feasible concentrations until the process can be redesigned so that nitrosamines are not formed. RP Reh, BD (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-11,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 57 IS 10 BP 918 EP 923 DI 10.1080/15428119691014431 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP975 UT WOS:A1996VP97500006 PM 8865601 ER PT J AU Estill, CF Tanaka, S Wild, DK AF Estill, CF Tanaka, S Wild, DK TI Ergonomic considerations of manually harvesting Maine wild blueberries SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Estill, CF (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 57 IS 10 BP 946 EP 965 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VP975 UT WOS:A1996VP97500011 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Ingram, DD AF Gillum, RF Ingram, DD TI Relation between residence in the southeast region of the United States and stroke incidence - The NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blacks; cerebrovascular disorders; geography; rural population; urban population; women ID GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; MORTALITY; BELT; INFORMATION; SMOKING; RISK; AGE AB For at least 50 years, stroke death rates have been higher in the southeast region of the United States than in other US regions. To test the hypotheses that stroke incidence is higher in the Southeast than in other regions and that higher levels of known stroke risk factors in the Southeast explain the difference in incidence, data were analyzed from a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of a sample drawn from the US population, the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Followup Study (1971-1987), In white men and women aged 45-74 years, the risk of stroke was significantly higher in the Southeast than the Northeast or the West in men and the Midwest in women, In white men, this excess risk could not be explained by regional differences in multiple stroke risk factors (Northeast vs. Southeast risk-adjusted relative risk = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.98). In white women, some of the excess risk associated with residence in the Southeast compared with the Midwest could be explained by the regional differences in risk factors measured in NHANES I (Midwest vs. Southeast risk-adjusted relative risk = 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.53-1.00). In blacks, regional differences that were statistically significant could not be demonstrated. However, a strong association of increased stroke risk with nonmetropolitan residence in blacks was demonstrated that was independent of region or other stroke risk factors. Higher stroke incidence rates in the Southeast contribute to the higher stroke mortality rates in that US region. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 39 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 7 BP 665 EP 673 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VJ770 UT WOS:A1996VJ77000007 PM 8823063 ER PT J AU Flanders, WD Khoury, MJ AF Flanders, WD Khoury, MJ TI Analysis of case-parental control studies: Method for the study of associations between disease and genetic markers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alleles; case-control studies; epidemiology, genetic; haplotypes; risk ID HAPLOTYPE-RELATIVE-RISK; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; DESIGN; HRR AB Case-control studies using parents of case subjects as the control subjects provide an innovative way to study associations of genetic markers with disease risk. This approach, sometimes called the haplotype-relative risk method, has received recent attention because the use of parents as control subjects may reduce or eliminate the confounding associated with differences in race, ethnicity, or genetic background. We provide a new method for analysis of such case-parental control studies. The method of analysis is noniterative and yields simple estimates of risk ratios associated with genetic markers. It easily accommodates the situation in which data are available from only one parent. Although we illustrate the approach for a locus with two alleles, the analyses extend immediately to loci with multiple alleles. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Flanders, WD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,1518 CLIFTON RD,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 144 IS 7 BP 696 EP 703 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VJ770 UT WOS:A1996VJ77000010 PM 8823066 ER PT J AU Steenland, K AF Steenland, K TI Epidemiology of occupation and coronary heart disease: Research agenda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE preventive medicine; occupational hazards; noise; heat; stress; carbon monoxide; shift work; environmental tobacco smoke ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES; ARTERY DISEASE; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; OFFICERS; STRAIN; RISK AB Little is known about occupational risks for coronary heart disease. A few specific toxins encountered occupationally are known to affect the heart, most prominently carbon disulfide, nitroglycerin, and carbon monoxide. Of these, carbon monoxide is the most common occupational exposure; it is also a common environmental exposure due to vehicle exhaust. Environmental tobacco smoke, noise, heat, and cold are suspected occupational risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In addition, stress at work may increase heart disease, although little is known conclusively with this regard. Unemployment may also increase risk of heart disease. Shift work, which disrupts circadian rhythms, has also been linked to heart disease, although there again, the data are far from conclusive. Physical activity at work, either too much or too little, can also be a risk factor for heart disease. While in general, more physical activity results in less heart disease, heavy lifting (in occupational and nonoccupational settings) has been associated with increased risk of heart attack. Further epidemiologic research into all these areas is warranted. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH,R-13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 30 IS 4 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199610)30:4<495::AID-AJIM16>3.0.CO;2-# PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VK111 UT WOS:A1996VK11100016 PM 8892556 ER PT J AU Tanaka, S Wild, DK Seligman, PJ Halperin, WE Behrens, VJ PutzAnderson, V AF Tanaka, S Wild, DK Seligman, PJ Halperin, WE Behrens, VJ PutzAnderson, V TI Prevalence estimate of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome among US workers by analyzing the 1988 National Health Interview Survey data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE carpal tunnel syndrome; ergonomics; National Health Interview Survey; repetitive manual work RP Tanaka, S (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 30 IS 4 BP 502 EP 503 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199610)30:4<502::AID-AJIM18>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VK111 UT WOS:A1996VK11100018 ER PT J AU Favero, MS Pugliese, G AF Favero, MS Pugliese, G TI Infections transmitted by endoscopy: An international problem SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material ID APIC GUIDELINE; DISINFECTION; STERILIZATION RP Favero, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1996 VL 24 IS 5 BP 343 EP 345 DI 10.1016/S0196-6553(96)90020-6 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VM664 UT WOS:A1996VM66400001 PM 8902107 ER PT J AU Favero, MS Gaynes, RP Horan, TC Emori, TG Stroud, LA Archibald, LK KeitaPerse, O Wright, GC Culver, DH Edwards, JR Henderson, TS Tolson, JS Peavy, GE AF Favero, MS Gaynes, RP Horan, TC Emori, TG Stroud, LA Archibald, LK KeitaPerse, O Wright, GC Culver, DH Edwards, JR Henderson, TS Tolson, JS Peavy, GE TI National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) Report, data summary from October 1986 April 1996, issued May 1996 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; CDC DEFINITIONS; RATES; STATES RP Favero, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,US PHS,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 10 TC 271 Z9 275 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD OCT PY 1996 VL 24 IS 5 BP 380 EP 388 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VM664 UT WOS:A1996VM66400007 ER PT J AU Peterson, H AF Peterson, H TI Reconsider unipolar methods for female sterilization - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP Peterson, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAIL STOP K-34,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 175 IS 4 BP 1084 EP 1084 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(96)80074-3 PN 1 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA VQ865 UT WOS:A1996VQ86500074 ER PT J AU Lanphear, BP Weitzman, M Winter, NL Eberly, S Yakir, B Tanner, M Emond, M Matte, TD AF Lanphear, BP Weitzman, M Winter, NL Eberly, S Yakir, B Tanner, M Emond, M Matte, TD TI Lead-contaminated house dust and urban children's blood lead levels SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; ABATEMENT; NHANES; AGE; IQ AB Objectives. This study assessed the relationship between lead-contaminated house dust and urban children's blood lead levels. Methods. A random-sample survey was used to identify and enroll 205 children, 12 to 31 months of age, who had resided in the same house since at least 6 months of age. Children's blood and household dust, water, soil, and paint were analyzed for lead, and interviews were conducted to ascertain risk factors fur elevated blood lead (greater than or equal to 10 mu g/dL). Results. Children's mean blood lead level was 7.7 mu g/dL. In addition to dust lead loading (micrograms of lead per square foot), independent predictors of children's blood lead were Black race, soil lead levels, ingestion of soil or dirt, lead content and condition of painted surfaces. and water lead levels. For dust lead standards of 5 mu g/sq ft, 20 mu g/sq ft, and 40 mu g/sq ft on noncarpeted floors, the estimated percentages of children having blood lead levels at or above 10 mu g/dL were 4%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, after adjusting for other significant covariates. Conclusions. Lead-contaminated house dust is a significant contributor to lead intake among urban children who have low-level elevations in blood lead, A substantial proportion of children may have blood lead levels of at least 10 mu g/dL at dust lead levels considerably lower than current standards. C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT BIOSTAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT BIOSTAT,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [2T-32 PE-12002] NR 22 TC 114 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1996 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1416 EP 1421 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.10.1416 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VN016 UT WOS:A1996VN01600012 PM 8876511 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Dias, JCP Gontijo, ED BahiaOliveira, L CorreaOliveira, R Colley, DG Powell, MR AF Morgan, J Dias, JCP Gontijo, ED BahiaOliveira, L CorreaOliveira, R Colley, DG Powell, MR TI Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibody isotype profiles in patients with different clinical manifestations of Chagas' disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTION; RESISTANCE; MICE; AUTOANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTES; NEURONS; FORMS AB Chagas' disease results from infection with the protozoan hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi. Patients in the chronic phase of infection can be categorized into four groups based on the presence of cardiac abnormalities (CARD). gastrointestinal involvement (DIGEST), a combination of both presentations (BOTH), or indeterminate (IND) if Chagas' related pathology is not apparent. Previous studies have indicated that parasite-specific antibody production is important in both resistance to and pathogenesis of disease. The anti-T. cruzi epimastigote stage antibody isotype profiles in the sera of Brazilian patients from each clinical category, as well as from uninfected individuals (UNINF) from the same endemic area were analyzed. Anti-epimastigote immunoglobulin G (IgG)1 and IgG3 levels were strikingly high with titers greater than or equal to 1:100,000. Sera from patients in the CARD group had higher levels of IgM than either UNINF or IND individuals, which is consistent with the theory that autoimmunity may contribute to chagasic cardiomyopathy. The IgA levels were higher in sera from patients with gastrointestinal involvement when compared with individuals from any of the other clinical categories as well as from uninfected controls. Interestingly, patients with both digestive and cardiac involvement did not express high serum levels of IgA. However, like patients with cardiac involvement alone, persons with both clinical manifestations produced elevated levels of IgG2 compared with the IND or UNINF groups. These data suggest the presence of complex immunoregulatory processes, most likely related to differential cytokine involvement, which can influence the expression of antibody isotypes and possibly the course of disease. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30303. FIOCRUZ MS,CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU,BR-30190 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS,FAC MED,BR-30190 BELO HORIZONT,MG,BRAZIL. RP Morgan, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DPD,IB,MAILSTOP F-13,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 55 IS 4 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VR968 UT WOS:A1996VR96800003 PM 8916788 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, RJ Albonico, M Chwaya, HM Savioli, L Tielsch, J Schulze, K Yip, R AF Stoltzfus, RJ Albonico, M Chwaya, HM Savioli, L Tielsch, J Schulze, K Yip, R TI Hemoquant determination of hookworm-related blood loss and its role in iron deficiency in African children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL HELMINTHS; PEMBA ISLAND; HEMOGLOBIN; ANEMIA; INFECTION; ASSAY; HEME AB Iron deficiency remains the most prevalent form of human malnutrition, and current interventions to control it have not decreased the global prevalence. Hookworm control activities are becoming more widely implemented, but the importance of these efforts to prevent anemia in populations is not well-defined. We studied the relationships among hookworm infection, intestinal blood loss, and iron status of 203 Zanzibari school children. Helminth infection intensity was quantified by fecal egg counts, and iron deficiency anemia was defined by low hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Intestinal blood loss was quantified by measuring fecal heme and heme breakdown products as porphyrin, a noninvasive method that has not been used previously to assess hookworm blood loss. Intestinal blood loss was strongly and linearly related to hookworm egg counts. The degree of degradation of fecal heme indicated that blood loss occurred in the upper gastrointestinal tract, compatible with the behavior of hookworms. Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides infections were also common, but did not contribute significantly to intestinal blood loss in this population. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia increased steadily as hookworm infection intensity and intestinal blood loss increased. Tn the context of a poor diet, as exists in Zanzibar and many tropical countries, hookworm-related blood loss contributes dramatically to anemia. In such contexts, hookworm control is a feasible and essential component of anemia control. Determination of fecal heme is relatively simple and noninvasive and may be a useful tool for measuring the impact of hookworm control activities. C1 WHO,DIV TROP DIS,SCHISTOSOMIASIS & INTESTINAL PARASITES UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. MINIST HLTH,ZANZIBAR,TANZANIA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Stoltzfus, RJ (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,CTR HUMAN NUTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. OI ALBONICO, Marco/0000-0002-7805-2391 NR 31 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 55 IS 4 BP 399 EP 404 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VR968 UT WOS:A1996VR96800010 PM 8916795 ER PT J AU Kramer, MH Eberhard, ML Blankenberg, TA AF Kramer, MH Eberhard, ML Blankenberg, TA TI Respiratory symptoms and subcutaneous granuloma caused by mesocercariae: A case report SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB A 38-year-old man with no history of pulmonary disease developed intermittent hives and bronchospasms shortly after returning from a hunting trip. Approximately one year later, examination of an excised subcutaneous nodule demonstrated infection with a mesocercaria (larval trematode). The morphology of the parasite was consistent with infection with a parasite of the Alaria spp. or Strigea spp. Eating undercooked wild goose meat during the hunting trip was the most likely source of infection. This appears to be the first report of human infection with mesocercariae acquired through the ingestion of wild goose meat. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. REDDING PATHOL LAB,REDDING,CA 96001. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 55 IS 4 BP 447 EP 448 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VR968 UT WOS:A1996VR96800020 PM 8916805 ER PT J AU Townes, JM Cieslak, PR Hatheway, CL Solomon, HM Holloway, JT Baker, MP Keller, CF McCroskey, LM Griffin, PM AF Townes, JM Cieslak, PR Hatheway, CL Solomon, HM Holloway, JT Baker, MP Keller, CF McCroskey, LM Griffin, PM TI An outbreak of type a botulism associated with a commercial cheese sauce SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE botulism; botulinum toxins; Clostridium botulinum; cheese; diagnosis, differential ID UNITED-STATES; TOXIN AB Background: Although botulism is rare, recognition of a possible case of this illness represents a public health emergency. To prevent more cases, prompt investigation must be done to determine whether illness is linked to a commercial product or restaurant, Botulism can masquerade as other illnesses, and seemingly unlikely foods can harbor botulinum toxin. Objective: To confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause and extent of an outbreak of botulism associated with food served at a delicatessen. Design: Retrospective cohort study of patrons of the delicatessen; laboratory analysis of food, serum samples, and stool samples; and traceback of implicated food. Setting: Community in Georgia. Participants: Patrons of the delicatessen. Main Outcome Measures: Botulinum toxin in food, serum, or stool and Clostridium botulinum in food and stools. Results: 8 of 52 patrons (15%) met the case definition for botulism. In 4 of the 8 patrons, an illness other than botulism was initially diagnosed. Five of the 8 were hospitalized, and 1 died. Stool cultures from 4 patrons yielded type A C. botulinum, and two serum samples contained botulinum toxin. All ill persons ate food from the delicatessen on 1 October 1993. Of the 22 persons who ate at the delicatessen that day, all 8 ill persons but none of the 14 well persons ate a potato stuffed with meat and cheese sauce. An open can of cheese sauce contained type A botulinum toxin and yielded C. botulinum on culture. Cheese sauce experimentally inoculated with C. botulinum spores became toxic after 8 days at a temperature of 22 degrees C (room temperature). Conclusions: A commercial, canned cheese caused a botulism outbreak. This product readily becomes toxic when contaminated by C. botulinum spores and left at room temperature. Mild botulism caused by unusual vehicles may be misdiagnosed. Botulism should be included in the differential diagnosis of persons with signs or symptoms of acute cranial nerve dysfunction. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. SE HLTH UNIT,WAYCROSS,GA 31501. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. RP Townes, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP A-38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 125 IS 7 BP 558 EP & PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VJ653 UT WOS:A1996VJ65300004 PM 8815754 ER PT J AU Xia, MS Roberts, MC Whittington, WL Holmes, KK Knapp, JS Dillon, JAR Wi, T AF Xia, MS Roberts, MC Whittington, WL Holmes, KK Knapp, JS Dillon, JAR Wi, T TI Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of strains from North America, Hawaii, and the Philippines SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter ID CRITERIA C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,CTR AIDS & STD,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV OTTAWA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. RP Xia, MS (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT PATHOBIOL,SEATTLE,WA, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI131448, AI24136] NR 4 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 40 IS 10 BP 2439 EP 2440 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA VK835 UT WOS:A1996VK83500044 PM 8891163 ER PT J AU Doll, LS MacQueen, K AF Doll, LS MacQueen, K TI Methodological issues in AIDS behavioral research - Ostrow,DG, Kessler,RC SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR LA English DT Book Review RP Doll, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0004-0002 J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV JI Arch. Sex. Behav. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 25 IS 5 BP 541 EP 545 PG 5 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA VL807 UT WOS:A1996VL80700009 ER PT J AU Peters, CJ AF Peters, CJ TI MD's and PhD's both needed SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD OCT PY 1996 VL 62 IS 10 BP 513 EP 514 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VL750 UT WOS:A1996VL75000003 ER PT J AU Barr, JR Maggio, VL Patterson, DG Cooper, GR Henderson, LO Turner, WE Smith, SJ Hannon, WH Needham, LL Sampson, EJ AF Barr, JR Maggio, VL Patterson, DG Cooper, GR Henderson, LO Turner, WE Smith, SJ Hannon, WH Needham, LL Sampson, EJ TI Isotope dilution mass spectrometric quantification of specific proteins: Model application with apolipoprotein A-I SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE standardization; trypsin; definitive method ID CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; HUMAN-SERUM; STANDARDIZATION; LIPOPROTEINS; DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL; PEPTIDES; KINETICS; SEQUENCE; TRYPSIN AB An enzymatic hydrolysis isotope dilution-mass spectrometric method was developed for reference quantification of specific proteins. The analytical procedure involved measuring a reproducibly hydrolyzed peptide (serving as the primary standard) unique to a specific protein, This new mass spectrometric method was evaluated by assessing the concentration of apolipoprotein (apo), A-I in the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) lyophilized Certified Reference Material (CRM 393). We used the method to make 96 measurements (4 replicate analyses of 4 enzymatic digests of 6 vials of BCR-CRM 393), which gave an average total protein mass of 1.048 mg (+/- 1.0% at 99% confidence limits). The total overall analytical CV was 3.95%. The results of this evaluation of our model approach to determine the concentration of a specific protein in a purified preparation demonstrated that our new mass spectrometric method can be used to measure apolipoproteins and other specific proteins without the use of epitopic immunoassay methods. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 30 TC 271 Z9 276 U1 5 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1676 EP 1682 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA VL761 UT WOS:A1996VL76100016 PM 8855153 ER PT J AU Gunter, EW Bowman, BA Caudill, SP Twite, DB Adams, MJ Sampson, EJ AF Gunter, EW Bowman, BA Caudill, SP Twite, DB Adams, MJ Sampson, EJ TI Results of an international round robin for serum and whole-blood folate SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE intermethod comparison; radioassay; chromatography; microbiological assay; ion capture; chemiluminescence ID ASSAY AB Because of the increasing significance of folate nutriture to public health, a ''round robin'' interlaboratory comparison study was conducted to assess differences among methods, Twenty research laboratories participated in a 3-day analysis of six serum and six whole-blood pools, Overall means, SDs, and CVs derived from these results were compared within and across method types. Results reported for serum and whole-blood folate demonstrated overall CVs of 27.6% and 35.7%, respectively, across pools and two- to ninefold differences in concentrations between methods, with the greatest variation occurring at critical low folate concentrations. Although results for serum pools were less variable than those for whole-blood pools, substantial intermethod variation still occurred. The overall results underscore the urgent need for developing and validating reference methods for serum and whole-blood folate and for properly characterized reference materials. For evaluating study or clinical data, method-specific reference ranges (established with clinical confirmation of values for truly folate-deficient individuals) must be used. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Gunter, EW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 42 IS 10 BP 1689 EP 1694 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA VL761 UT WOS:A1996VL76100018 PM 8855155 ER PT J AU Chang, HJ Miller, HL Watkins, N Arduino, MJ Ashford, D Aguero, SM PintoPowell, R VonReyn, CF Edwards, W Midgely, G Pruitt, R McNeil, MM Jarvis, WR AF Chang, HJ Miller, HL Watkins, N Arduino, MJ Ashford, D Aguero, SM PintoPowell, R VonReyn, CF Edwards, W Midgely, G Pruitt, R McNeil, MM Jarvis, WR TI Malassezia pachydermatis (MP) colonization/infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,HANOVER,NH. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600066 ER PT J AU Barat, LM Bloland, PB Ettling, M Himonga, B Nkunika, S Kapelwa, W Ruebush, TK AF Barat, LM Bloland, PB Ettling, M Himonga, B Nkunika, S Kapelwa, W Ruebush, TK TI Toward a national antimalarial drug policy for Zambia: The efficacy of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the outpatient treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NATL MARARIA CONTROL CTR,LUSAKA,ZAMBIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 58 EP 58 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600106 ER PT J AU Wilfert, C Obiri, G Saletan, S Thomas, P Lane, B Davis, B Potts, J Bertolli, J Lancaster, J AF Wilfert, C Obiri, G Saletan, S Thomas, P Lane, B Davis, B Potts, J Bertolli, J Lancaster, J TI Serious bacterial infections (SBI) in perinatal HIV infection. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27706. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600164 ER PT J AU Saah, AJ Spruill, C Hoover, DR Prevots, R Taylor, E Margolick, JB Vlahov, D AF Saah, AJ Spruill, C Hoover, DR Prevots, R Taylor, E Margolick, JB Vlahov, D TI CD4 lymphocyte count: TRAx CD4 test kit versus conventional flow cytometry. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600183 ER PT J AU Caputi, RA Bardsley, MS Elliott, JA Cetron, MS Breiman, RF Farley, MM AF Caputi, RA Bardsley, MS Elliott, JA Cetron, MS Breiman, RF Farley, MM TI Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (RIPD) in Atlanta. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600206 ER PT J AU Virata, M TirrellPeck, S Meek, J Ryder, R Delbene, J Messmer, T Skelton, S Talkington, D Thacker, L Fields, B Butler, J AF Virata, M TirrellPeck, S Meek, J Ryder, R Delbene, J Messmer, T Skelton, S Talkington, D Thacker, L Fields, B Butler, J TI Comparison of serology and throat swab PCR for diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) among out-patients with pneumonia. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH,HARTFORD,CT. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 193 EP 193 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600239 ER PT J AU Buskin, SE Duchin, JS Sohlberg, EH AF Buskin, SE Duchin, JS Sohlberg, EH TI MAC prophylaxis in HIV-infected persons and effect on survival SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 240 EP 240 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600286 ER PT J AU Ward, JW Hanson, DL Jones, J Kaplan, J AF Ward, JW Hanson, DL Jones, J Kaplan, J TI Pneumococcal vaccination and the incidence of pneumonia among HIV-infected persons SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600291 ER PT J AU Lacher, M Simberkoff, M Chopra, A Gaynes, R Martone, W Stroud, L AF Lacher, M Simberkoff, M Chopra, A Gaynes, R Martone, W Stroud, L TI Nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) in HIV(+) infected patients - An update. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600298 ER PT J AU Nelson, K Vahey, MA Suriyanon, V DeBoer, M Kuntolbutra, S Celentano, D Hoover, D Duerr, A AF Nelson, K Vahey, MA Suriyanon, V DeBoer, M Kuntolbutra, S Celentano, D Hoover, D Duerr, A TI Association of HIV-1 clade E serum viral load and heterosexual transmission. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. CHIANG MAI UNIV,CHIANG MAI 50000,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 260 EP 260 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600306 ER PT J AU Marx, A Noel, JS Bresee, JS Anderson, LJ Humphrey, CD Shay, DK Lipsky, S AF Marx, A Noel, JS Bresee, JS Anderson, LJ Humphrey, CD Shay, DK Lipsky, S TI Application of molecular techniques to determine person-to-person transmission of Small Round-structured Viruses (SRSVs) in a nursing home outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 271 EP 271 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600317 ER PT J AU Margolis, HS Nainan, OV Stevens, CE AF Margolis, HS Nainan, OV Stevens, CE TI Are hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibody resistant variants an emerging problem among infants born to infected mothers? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 275 EP 275 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600321 ER PT J AU Arcari, C Shapiro, C Mast, E Bell, B Coleman, P Haddix, A Margolis, H AF Arcari, C Shapiro, C Mast, E Bell, B Coleman, P Haddix, A Margolis, H TI An economic analysis of the use of hepatitis A vaccine to control communitywide SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 277 EP 277 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600323 ER PT J AU Craig, AS Moore, W Schaffner, W Williams, I Skinner, J Doll, S Sockwell, D Bell, B AF Craig, AS Moore, W Schaffner, W Williams, I Skinner, J Doll, S Sockwell, D Bell, B TI Use of hepatitis a vaccine to control a communitywide hepatitis A SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212. MEMPHIS SHELBY CTY HLTH DEPT,MEMPHIS,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600325 ER PT J AU Miernyk, KM Rudolph, KR Parkinson, AJ Petersen, K Bulkow, LR Greenberg, DP Ward, JI AF Miernyk, KM Rudolph, KR Parkinson, AJ Petersen, K Bulkow, LR Greenberg, DP Ward, JI TI Response to the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Alaska native and non-native infants <2 yrs of age. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,CTR VACCINE DEV,TORRANCE,CA. CDC,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600327 ER PT J AU Hofmann, J Cetron, MS Farley, MM Baughman, WS Facklam, RR Elliott, JA Deaver, KA Plikaytis, BD Cruse, JG Krause, DE Breiman, RF AF Hofmann, J Cetron, MS Farley, MM Baughman, WS Facklam, RR Elliott, JA Deaver, KA Plikaytis, BD Cruse, JG Krause, DE Breiman, RF TI Invasive community-acquired pneumococcal infections in Atlanta. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CDC,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 282 EP 282 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600328 ER PT J AU File, TM Plouffe, JF Breiman, RF AF File, TM Plouffe, JF Breiman, RF TI Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization (CAPRH) due to Chlamydia pneumoniae as the sole pathogen. SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. SUMMA HLTH SYST,AKRON,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 334 EP 334 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600380 ER PT J AU Craig, AS Schaffner, W Quick, L Moore, W Reed, G AF Craig, AS Schaffner, W Quick, L Moore, W Reed, G TI A case of neonatal tetanus in the United States: A sentinel event SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN. TENNESSE DEPT HLTH,MEMPHIS,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 4 BP 348 EP 348 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VN246 UT WOS:A1996VN24600394 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Jarvis, WR AF Fridkin, SK Jarvis, WR TI Epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CANDIDA-PARAPSILOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; TRICHOSPORON-BEIGELII; PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS AB This paper briefly reviews the current knowledge of the epidemiology and modes of transmission of nosocomial fungal infections and some of the therapeutic options for treating these diseases. In the mid-1980s, many institutions reported that fungi were common pathogens in nosocomial infections. Most, if not all, hospitals care for patients at risk for nosocomial fungal infections. The proportion in all nosocomial infections reportedly caused by Candida spp. increased from 2% in 1980 to 5% in 1986 to 1989. Numerous studies have identified common risk factors for acquiring these infections, most of which are very common among hospitalized patients; some factors act primarily by inducing immunosuppression (e.g., corticosteroids, chemotherapy, malnutrition, malignancy, and neutropenia), while others primarily provide a route of infection (e.g., extensive burns, indwelling catheter), and some act in combination. Non-albicans Candida spp., including fluconazole-resistant C. krusei and Torulopsis (C.) glabrata, have become more common pathogens. Newer molecular typing techniques can assist in the determination of a common source of infection caused by several fungal pathogens. Continued epidemiologic and laboratory research is needed to better characterize these pathogens and allow for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 105 TC 541 Z9 565 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 9 IS 4 BP 499 EP & PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VL539 UT WOS:A1996VL53900005 PM 8894349 ER PT J AU Butera, ST Roberts, BD Folks, TM AF Butera, ST Roberts, BD Folks, TM TI Ligand passing by the p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor enhances HIV-1 activation SO CYTOKINE LA English DT Article DE agonistic antibody; HIV expression; ligand passing; TNF receptor ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FACTOR TNF RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; T-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; FAS ANTIGEN; I TNF; EXPRESSION AB Recently, a HIV-dependent upmodulation of the p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFr75) was observed using latently-infected OM-10.1 promyelocytes; although the participation of TNFr75 in HIV-1 activation remained undefined, Here, using receptor cross-linking by agonistic antibodies, no direct HIV-1 activation via TNFr75 was observed, Signalling via the p55 tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFr55) accounted for the full extent of HIV-1 activation in OM-10.1 cultures. However, in tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) dose titration experiments, antibody blockade of TNFr75 decreased the dose response markedly, indicating a ligand passing function, TNFr75 blockade did not alter the dose response to agonistic TNFr55 antibody induction; verifying that the effect on the TNF-alpha dose response was not due to negative signalling or cytolysis, These results demonstrate that, although not directly involved in signal transduction resulting in HIV-1 activation, TNFr75 can serve a critical ligand passing function and permit continued HIV-1 expression during limited TNF-alpha availability. (C) 1996 Academic Press Limited RP Butera, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,DIV AIDS STD & TB,LAB RES,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1043-4666 J9 CYTOKINE JI Cytokine PD OCT PY 1996 VL 8 IS 10 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1006/cyto.1996.0099 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Immunology GA VZ398 UT WOS:A1996VZ39800001 PM 8980875 ER PT J AU Favero, MS AF Favero, MS TI Infection control SO DIALYSIS & TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article RP Favero, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HOSP ENVIRONM LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CREATIVE AGE PUBL PI VAN NUYS PA 7628 DENSMORE AVE, VAN NUYS, CA 91406-2088 SN 0090-2934 J9 DIALYSIS TRANSPLANT JI Dial. Transplant. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 25 IS 10 BP 699 EP 702 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology SC Engineering; Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology GA VJ547 UT WOS:A1996VJ54700016 ER PT J AU Irwin, KL Edlin, BR Faruque, S McCoy, HV Word, C Serrano, Y Inciardi, J Bowser, B Holmberg, SD Schilling, R Inciardi, JA Bowser, BP Evans, PE ElBassel, N McCoy, HV Cabrera, A Flores, Y Guzman, N Hogan, R Melendez, N Nieves, E Ocasio, A Rivera, G Rizzolo, A Steele, F Turso, S Alonso, E Aristide, G Ashley, M Bowens, S BuckWalden, D Comerford, S DeVeauxShepard, V Dyer, E Galvez, M Griffin, J Jones, M LoCascio, V MAgilner, L Mendez, C Miranda, R Pagan, L Pierre, RM Salas, R Seoane, L Shabazz, B Walden, E Ballesteros, C Byrd, S Curtis, W Dogan, D Garner, A Griffin, M Hawkins, C HunterGamble, D Iregui, C Justice, M Lee, M Lodico, M McGilroy, J Patterson, V Penn, S Perkins, C Persaud, N Richardson, C Robertson, N Byers, RH Ludwig, D Johnson, R Wong, LY VonBargen, J Bidassie, B KuoHsien, S McBride, DC Weatherby, N Rivers, JE Larsen, S Schmidt, DS Strauss, D Fletcher, MA GarciaMorales, R Back, A Narkunas, J AF Irwin, KL Edlin, BR Faruque, S McCoy, HV Word, C Serrano, Y Inciardi, J Bowser, B Holmberg, SD Schilling, R Inciardi, JA Bowser, BP Evans, PE ElBassel, N McCoy, HV Cabrera, A Flores, Y Guzman, N Hogan, R Melendez, N Nieves, E Ocasio, A Rivera, G Rizzolo, A Steele, F Turso, S Alonso, E Aristide, G Ashley, M Bowens, S BuckWalden, D Comerford, S DeVeauxShepard, V Dyer, E Galvez, M Griffin, J Jones, M LoCascio, V MAgilner, L Mendez, C Miranda, R Pagan, L Pierre, RM Salas, R Seoane, L Shabazz, B Walden, E Ballesteros, C Byrd, S Curtis, W Dogan, D Garner, A Griffin, M Hawkins, C HunterGamble, D Iregui, C Justice, M Lee, M Lodico, M McGilroy, J Patterson, V Penn, S Perkins, C Persaud, N Richardson, C Robertson, N Byers, RH Ludwig, D Johnson, R Wong, LY VonBargen, J Bidassie, B KuoHsien, S McBride, DC Weatherby, N Rivers, JE Larsen, S Schmidt, DS Strauss, D Fletcher, MA GarciaMorales, R Back, A Narkunas, J TI Crack cocaine smokers who turn to drug injection: Characteristics, factors associated with injection, and implications for HIV transmission SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE crack cocaine; substance abuse, intravenous; HIV infection ID HEROIN SNIFFERS; AIDS; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; COHORT AB A survey of 1220 street-recruited crack cocaine smokers revealed that crack smokers may turn to drug injection to ease crack withdrawal. Crack smokers who later injected tended to smoke crack more heavily and for longer periods than those who did not inject. The initiation of injection was significantly associated with ever snorting heroin (prevalence ratio [PR] = 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-5.9) or snorting heroin specifically while smoking crack (PR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3-4.0), suggesting that snorted heroin use map mediate the transition to injection among crack smokers. Programs to prevent and treat crack dependence may prevent later injection and injection-related infections including HIV. C1 ASSOCIAT DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV MIAMI,COMPREHENS DRUG RES CTR,MIAMI,FL 33152. BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP Irwin, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU904453, U64/CCU204582, U64/CCU404539] NR 22 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 42 IS 2 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/0376-8716(96)01262-8 PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA VH908 UT WOS:A1996VH90800002 PM 8889407 ER PT J AU Swanepoel, R Leman, PA Burt, FJ Zachariades, NA Braack, LEO Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Zaki, SR Peters, CJ AF Swanepoel, R Leman, PA Burt, FJ Zachariades, NA Braack, LEO Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Zaki, SR Peters, CJ TI Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Thirty-three varieties of 24 species of plants and 19 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were experimentally inoculated with Ebola Zaire virus. Fruit and insectivorous bats supported replication and circulation of high titers of virus without necessarily becoming ill; deaths occurred only among bats that had not adapted to the diet fed in the laboratory. C1 NATL PK BOARD,SKUKUZA,SOUTH AFRICA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Swanepoel, R (reprint author), NATL INST VIROL,JOHANNESBURG,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 9 TC 168 Z9 177 U1 6 U2 68 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 321 EP 325 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WB301 UT WOS:A1996WB30100007 PM 8969248 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Khan, AS Belay, ED Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Khan, AS Belay, ED Schonberger, LB TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States, 1979-1994: Using national mortality data to assess the possible occurrence of variant cases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PERSON TRANSMISSION; PRION DISEASES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB After a cluster of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) cases among unusually young patients was reported recently from the United Kingdom, we examined trends and the current incidence of CJD in the United States. We found that the age-adjusted CJD death rate in the United States is similar to published estimates of the crude incidence of CJD worldwide and has continued to be stable from 1979 through 1994. The number of CJD deaths in persons <45 years of age remained stable during this period. We found no evidence of the variant form of CJD. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 29 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 333 EP 337 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WB301 UT WOS:A1996WB30100009 PM 8969250 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, MI TI Assessing the costs and benefits of an oral vaccine for raccoon rabies: A possible model SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROCYON-LOTOR; FIELD-EVALUATION; IMMUNIZATION AB Any cost-benefit analysis of the use of an oral vaccine to control raccoon rabies should include calculating both costs and benefits in terms of $/unit area, Further, cost savings must be adjusted to match the stages of an epizootic: pre-epizootic, epizootic, and post-epizootic. A generic model, which can be adapted to different sites, illustrates the use of threshold analysis to link distribution costs, cost savings, bait density, and vaccine price. Initial results indicate the need to lower the cost of the vaccine, continue research to determine optimal bait densities, and examine distribution plans that do not require continued protection of areas in which raccoon rabies was eliminated through previous vaccination programs. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 EI 1080-6059 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 343 EP 349 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WB301 UT WOS:A1996WB30100011 PM 8969251 ER PT J AU Colley, DG AF Colley, DG TI Widespread foodborne cyclosporiasis outbreaks present major challenges SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP Colley, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 354 EP 356 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WB301 UT WOS:A1996WB30100013 PM 8969253 ER PT J AU Pieniazek, NJ Slemenda, SB daSilva, AJ Alfano, EM Arrowood, MJ AF Pieniazek, NJ Slemenda, SB daSilva, AJ Alfano, EM Arrowood, MJ TI PCR confirmation of infection with Cyclospora cayetanensis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID PATHOGEN RP Pieniazek, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 357 EP 359 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WB301 UT WOS:A1996WB30100015 PM 8969255 ER PT J AU Colley, DG AF Colley, DG TI Ancient Egypt and today: Enough scourges to go around SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID MUMMIES RP Colley, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 2 IS 4 BP 362 EP 363 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA WB301 UT WOS:A1996WB30100018 PM 8969258 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL Bonin, MA Cardinali, FL McCraw, JM Wooten, JV AF Ashley, DL Bonin, MA Cardinali, FL McCraw, JM Wooten, JV TI Measurement of volatile organic compounds in human blood SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Air Toxics - Biomarkers in Environmental Applications CY APR 27-28, 1995 CL HOUSTON, TX SP Mickey Leland Natl Urban Air Tox Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIEHS, US EPA, Soc Toxicol DE volatile organic compounds; blood; methods; pharmacokinetics; reference range; smoking ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; GENERAL-POPULATION; REFERENCE VALUES; VENOUS-BLOOD; TOLUENE; BENZENE; BREATH; PURGE AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important public health problem throughout the developed world. Many important questions remain to be addressed in assessing exposure to these compounds. Because they are ubiquitous and highly volatile, special techniques must be applied in the analytical determination of VOCs. The analytical methodology chosen to measure toxicants in biological materials must be well validated and carefully carried out; poor quality assurance can lead to invalid results that can have a direct bearing on treating exposed persons. The pharmacokinetics of VOCs show that most of the internal dose of these compounds is quickly eliminated, but there is a fraction that is only slowly removed, and these compounds may bioaccumulate. VOCs are found in the general population at the high parts-per-trillion range, but some people with much higher levels have apparently been exposed to VOC sources away from the workplace. Smoking is the most significant confounder to internal dose levels of VOCs and must be considered when evaluating suspected cases of exposure. RP Ashley, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F17,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 45 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 104 SU 5 BP 871 EP 877 DI 10.2307/3433004 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA VU005 UT WOS:A1996VU00500004 PM 8933028 ER PT J AU Osewe, P Addiss, DG Blair, KA Hightower, A Kamb, ML Davis, JP AF Osewe, P Addiss, DG Blair, KA Hightower, A Kamb, ML Davis, JP TI Cryptosporidiosis in Wisconsin: A case-control study of post-outbreak transmission SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MASSIVE OUTBREAK; INFECTION; WATER; MILWAUKEE; DIARRHEA; RISK AB During March-April 1993, an estimated 403000 residents of the 5-county greater Milwaukee, Wisconsin area developed cryptosporidiosis after drinking contaminated municipal water. Although the number of cases dropped precipitously after the implicated water plant closed on 9 April, cases continued to occur. To investigate risk factors for post-outbreak cryptosporidiosis, 33 Milwaukee-area residents who had laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infection with onset of diarrhoea between 1 May and 27 June 1993 were interviewed by telephone. Of these, 28 (85%) had onset of diarrhoea during May, 12 (36%) had watery diarrhoea during the outbreak, and 5 (15%) were HIV-infected. In a neighbourhood-matched case-control study, immunosuppression (matched odds ratio (MOR) not calculable, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0, infinity) and having a child less than 5 years old in the household (MOR = 17.0, CI 2.0, 395.0) were independently associated with infection. When persons who had diarrhoea during the outbreak were excluded, immunosuppression remained significantly associated with illness (MOR not calculable, CI 1.6, infinity), Cryptosporidium transmission continued after this massive waterborne outbreak but decreased rapidly within 2 months. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CITY MILWAUKEE DEPT HLTH,MILWAUKEE,WI. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 117 IS 2 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VM420 UT WOS:A1996VM42000009 PM 8870627 ER PT J AU Weltman, AC Bennett, NM Ackman, DA Misage, JH Campana, JJ Fine, LS Doniger, AS Balzano, GJ Birkhead, GS AF Weltman, AC Bennett, NM Ackman, DA Misage, JH Campana, JJ Fine, LS Doniger, AS Balzano, GJ Birkhead, GS TI An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with a bakery, New York, 1994: The 1968 'West branch, Michigan' outbreak repeated SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS AB In a community hepatitis A outbreak in the Rochester, New York area, 64 of 79 (81%) people with anti-hepatitis A IgM-antibodies and onset of symptoms from 3 April-31 May 1994, recalled eating food obtained from a retail buyer's club. Eleven (65%) of 17 households with cases contained club members compared with 7 (21%) of 34 neighbourhood-matched control-households (matched odds ratio 8.5; 95% CI 1.7-41.6). Club employees who ate sugar-glazed baked goods were at fourfold increased risk for hepatitis, The source of infection was an IgM-positive baker who contaminated baked goods while applying sugar glaze. Computer-generated purchase lists implicated 11-12 March and 21-24 March as the most likely dates when contamination occurred. This investigation demonstrates the importance of food workers adhering to established hygiene practices. Computer-generated commercial datasets can be useful in epidemiologic investigations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,ALBANY,NY. MONROE CTY HLTH DEPT,ROCHESTER,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ALBANY,NY. UNIV ROCHESTER,DEPT MICROBIOL,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BUFFALO,NY. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 117 IS 2 BP 333 EP 341 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VM420 UT WOS:A1996VM42000013 PM 8870631 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Yang, CF DoroviniZis, K Tandon, NN Ades, EW Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Xiao, LH Yang, CF DoroviniZis, K Tandon, NN Ades, EW Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Plasmodium falciparum: Involvement of additional receptors in the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelial cells SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytoadherence; malaria; pathogenesis; Plasmodium falciparum ID HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN; PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; ADHESION MOLECULES; MEDIATES CYTOADHERENCE; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; ANTIGEN CD36; MALARIA; SEQUESTRATION; CYTOKINES; BINDING AB The involvement of additional ligands in the cytoadhesion of PRBC to endothelial cells was studied by the use of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC-51), umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and C32 melanoma cells as well as soluble CD36, ICAM-1, and thrombospondin in the adhesion assays. Immunostaining showed that ICAM-1 and thrombospondin were expressed by all eel lines, whereas CD36 and VCAM-1 were expressed constitutively only by C32 melanoma cells and HBEC-5T, respectively; none of these cells had basal expression of E-selectin. Bindings of the parental HB3 parasite strain to HMEC-1 and HUVEC were higher man that to HBEC-5I and C32 melanoma cells. Selections by panning the parental HB3 through HMEC-1 (HB3EC-6 line) or C32 melanoma cells (HB3C32-6 line) six times increased bindings by more than 10-fold, but the binding of HB3C32-6 to HMEC-1 was higher than that to C32 melanoma cells. Antibody or peptide blockade against CD36, ICAM-1, and thrombospondin or preincubation of target cells with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma did not significantly alter the binding intensity of HB3EC-6 to HMEC-1 and HB3C32-6 to C32 melanoma cells. Preincubation of HMEC-1 with IL-4, however, reduced its binding with HB3EC-6. In vitro selection did not enhance the binding of PRBC to plate bound CD36 or thrombospondin; binding to ICAM-1 was negligible. The binding of both selected lines was inhibited by dextran sulfate and sulfatides, but not by chondroitin sulfate A. These results suggested that in addition to CD36 and thrombospondin, sulfated glycoconjugates were probably concurrently utilized by these PRBC as receptors. Experiments with freshly isolated Kenyan parasites indicated that they also exhibited a similar mechanism of binding to endothelial cells. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. PUBL HLTH SERV,BIOL PROD BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. VANCOUVER GEN HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,VANCOUVER,BC V5Z 1M9,CANADA. AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,DEPT PLATELET BIOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 84 IS 1 BP 42 EP 55 DI 10.1006/expr.1996.0088 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA VP641 UT WOS:A1996VP64100004 PM 8925881 ER PT J AU Besansky, NJ Mukabayire, O Bedell, JA Lusz, H AF Besansky, NJ Mukabayire, O Bedell, JA Lusz, H TI Pegasus, a small terminal inverted repeat transposable element found in the white gene of Anopheles gambiae SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; insertion polymorphism; Pegasus; transposable element; white gene ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; COMPLEX; FAMILY; DNA; MAIZE; HOBO; TRANSFORMATION; EVOLUTION; MOSQUITOS; GENOME AB Pegasus, a novel transposable element, was discovered as a length polymorphism in the white gene of Anopheles gambiae. Sequence analysis revealed that this 535 bp element was flanked by 8 bp target site duplications and 8 bp perfect terminal inverted repeats similar to those found in many members of the Tc1 family. Its small size and lack of long open reading frames preclude protein coding capacity. Southern analysis and in situ hybridization to polytene chromosomes demonstrated that Pegasus occurs in approximately 30 copies in the genomes of An. gambiae and its sibling species and is homogenous in structure but polymorphic in chromosomal location. Characterization of five additional elements by sequencing revealed nucleotide identities of 95% to 99%. Of 30 Pegasus-containing phage crones examined by PCR, only one contained an element exceeding 535 bp in length, due to the insertion of another transposable element-like sequence. Thus, the majority, if not all, extant Pegasus elements may be defective copies of a complete element whose contemporary existence in An. gambiae is uncertain. No Pegasus-hybridizing sequences were detected in nine other anophelines and three culicines examined, suggesting a very limited taxonomic distribution. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Besansky, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS F22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 1996 VL 98 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1007/BF00121360 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VY800 UT WOS:A1996VY80000001 PM 8976060 ER PT J AU Ke, ZX Grossman, GL Cornel, AJ Collins, FH AF Ke, ZX Grossman, GL Cornel, AJ Collins, FH TI Quetzal: A transposon of the Tc1 family in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE culicidae; gene vector; transformation; transposable element; transposase ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TC1-LIKE TRANSPOSONS; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; ELEMENT; MEMBER; SUPERFAMILY; MOTIF; HYDEI AB A member of the Tc1 family of transposable elements has been identified in the Central and South American mosquito Anopheles albimanus. The full-length Quetzal element is 1680 base pairs (bp) in length, possesses 236 bp inverted terminal repeats (ITRs), and has a single open reading frame (ORF) with the potential of encoding a 341-amino-acid (aa) protein that is similar to the transposases of other members of the Tc1 family, particularly elements described from three different Drosophila species. The approximately 10-12 copies per genome of Quetzal are found in the euchromatin of all three chromosomes of A. albimanus. One full-length clone, Que27, appears capable of encoding a complete transposase and may represent a functional copy of this element. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Ke, ZX (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD OCT PY 1996 VL 98 IS 2 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1007/BF00121362 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA VY800 UT WOS:A1996VY80000003 PM 8976062 ER PT J AU Miller, CW Smith, JM AF Miller, CW Smith, JM TI Why should we do environmental dose reconstructions? SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose assessment; environmental assessment; weapons; exposure, radiation ID SAMPLE-SIZE; EXPOSURE; DISEASE AB Environmental dose reconstructions are being conducted at many nuclear weapons production and testing sites in the United States. These projects involve reconstructing potential radiation exposures and doses from past releases of radionuclides to people who lived near nuclear facilities where these releases occurred. The results of dose reconstructions can be used as the basis for deciding if epidemiologic studies or other public health activities should be undertaken. In addition, the results of dose reconstruction can be used in other risk assessment activities, such as those associated with environmental restoration and radioactive waste management. For example, the historical inventory of hazardous materials used and potentially released at the site can be used to begin to assess the risk for exposures from current and future activities. The site-specific environmental dosimetry methods developed for dose-reconstruction purposes are applicable to other environmental risk assessments performed for that site. These and other benefits of environmental dose reconstructions are discussed. RP Miller, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, RADIAT STUDIES BRANCH, DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 71 IS 4 BP 420 EP 424 DI 10.1097/00004032-199610000-00001 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VH652 UT WOS:A1996VH65200003 PM 8830744 ER PT J AU SedghiVaziri, A Nainan, OV McHutchison, JG Alter, MJ AF SedghiVaziri, A Nainan, OV McHutchison, JG Alter, MJ TI Hepatitis G virus (HGV) coinfection does not influence response to interferon in patients with chronic HCV infection. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SCRIPPS CLIN & RES FDN,DIV GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1996 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 408 EP 408 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA VL285 UT WOS:A1996VL28500408 ER PT J AU McHutchison, JG Nainan, OV Detmer, J Collins, M Kolberg, J Alter, MJ AF McHutchison, JG Nainan, OV Detmer, J Collins, M Kolberg, J Alter, MJ TI Changes in quantitative HGV RNA levels during interferon therapy in patients with HCV and HGV coinfection. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SCRIPPS CLIN & RES FDN,DIV GI HEPATOL,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1996 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 418 EP 418 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA VL285 UT WOS:A1996VL28500419 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ Gallagher, M Morris, TT Moyer, LA Meeks, EL Krawczynski, K Kim, J Margolis, HS AF Alter, MJ Gallagher, M Morris, TT Moyer, LA Meeks, EL Krawczynski, K Kim, J Margolis, HS TI Role of hepatitis G virus in the etiology and clinical course of viral hepatitis SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1996 VL 24 IS 4 SU S BP 482 EP 482 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA VL285 UT WOS:A1996VL28500482 ER PT J AU Bell, DM AF Bell, DM TI Proposed antiretroviral therapy guidelines for prophylaxis of occupationally related HIV seroconversion: A practical approach - Comment SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Bell, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 17 IS 10 BP 674 EP 674 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA VM876 UT WOS:A1996VM87600012 ER PT J AU Danel, I Graham, W Stupp, P Castillo, P AF Danel, I Graham, W Stupp, P Castillo, P TI Applying the sisterhood method for estimating maternal mortality to a health facility-based sample: A comparison with results from a household-based sample SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE maternal mortality; sisterhood method; health surveys; Nicaragua ID MATLAB AB Background. The sisterhood method is an indirect technique used to estimate maternal mortality in developing countries, where maternal deaths are often poorly registered in official statistics. It has been used successfully in many community-based household surveys. Because such surveys can be costly, this study investigated the suitability of using data collected in outpatient health facilities. Methods. Adults visiting any one of 91 health centres or posts in a rural region of Nicaragua were randomly sampled and interviewed by health personnel. A sample size, proportional to the population served, was assigned to each facility and 9232 adults were interviewed. Characteristics of heath facility users were compared with the general population to identify factors that would allow generalization of results to other settings. Results. Based on these data, the lifetime risk of maternal death was 0.0144 (1 in 69). This estimate is essentially identical to that from a household-based survey in the same region 8 months earlier, which obtained a lifetime risk of 0.0145 (1 in 69). These findings correspond to a maternal mortality ratio of 241 and 243/100 000 livebirths, respectively. Conclusions. This is the first report comparing results of the sisterhood method from household and health facility-based samples. The sisterhood method provided a robust estimate of the magnitude of maternal mortality. Results from the opportunistic health facility-based sample were virtually identical to results from the household-based study. Guidelines need to be developed for applying this low-cost and efficient aproach to estimating maternal mortality in suitable opportunistic settings at subnational levels. C1 UNIV ABERDEEN,DUGALD BAIRD CTR RES WOMENS HLTH,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. ALEJANDRO DAVILA BOLANOS HOSP,ESTELI,NICARAGUA. RP Danel, I (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS K-35,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1022 DI 10.1093/ije/25.5.1017 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VR165 UT WOS:A1996VR16500016 PM 8921489 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Hunter, SB Desmarchelier, PM GernerSmidt, P Graves, LM Harlander, S Hubner, R Jacquet, C Pedersen, B Reineccius, K Ridley, A Saunders, NA Webster, JA AF Swaminathan, B Hunter, SB Desmarchelier, PM GernerSmidt, P Graves, LM Harlander, S Hubner, R Jacquet, C Pedersen, B Reineccius, K Ridley, A Saunders, NA Webster, JA TI WHO-sponsored international collaborative study to evaluate methods for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes: Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using ribotyping and Southern hybridization with two probes derived from L-monocytogenes chromosome SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; subtyping; ribotyping; southern hybridization; restriction fragment length polymorphism ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA OPERONS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DNA; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCES; PATTERNS; PROFILES AB Seven laboratories participated in a WHO-sponsored international collaborative study, to evaluate methods for subtyping Listeria monocytogenes, by performing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis-based subtyping of an international study set of 80 strains of L. monocytogenes that included 12 epidemiologically related groups. The RFLP analysis was done by Southern hybridization with one of two types of probes found in multiple copies on the chromosome of L. monocytogenes. Six laboratories performed ribotyping. These laboratories used EcoRI enzyme to restrict the L. monocytogenes DNA and ribosomal RNA or DNA as the probe for Southern hybridizations. The seventh laboratory used NciI to restrict the DNA, and two probes, one randomly cloned and the other containing repeat sequences cloned from L. monocytogenes DNA. The overall discriminating power of ribotyping, as estimated by calculation of Simpson's index of diversity, ranged from 0.83 to 0.88 for the six laboratories. The discriminating power of the combination of two probes used by Laboratory 7 was 0.91. Ribotyping and the cloned probes used by Laboratory 7 discriminated poorly between serotype 4b strains. Neither method identified three atypical strains (identified by other subtyping methods) included in three apparently epidemiologically related groups. Ribotyping did not discriminate between strains of serotypes 1b and 4b(X) in one epidemiologically related group of strains; one cloned probe used by Laboratory 7 discriminated between these strains. Intra-laboratory reproducibilities for the seven laboratories ranged from 80.0 to 100%, as determined by their abilities to correctly identify 11 pairs of duplicate strains included in the study set. Inter-laboratory reproducibilities were generally very good considering that no attempt was made to standardize protocols used by the participants. C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,BRISBANE,QLD,AUSTRALIA. STATENS SERUM INST,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV MINNESOTA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. INST PASTEUR,CTR NATL REFERENCE LISTERIA,WHO,COLLABORAT CTR FOOD BORNE LISTERIOSIS,PARIS,FRANCE. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,PUBL HLTH LAB SERV,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. DUPONT CO INC,CENT RES & DEV,WILMINGTON,DE. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Ridley, Anne/E-2294-2011; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 31 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01141-5 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA VP995 UT WOS:A1996VP99500003 PM 8913799 ER PT J AU Caugant, DA Ashton, FE Bibb, WF Boerlin, P Donachie, W Low, C Gilmour, A Harvey, J Norrung, B AF Caugant, DA Ashton, FE Bibb, WF Boerlin, P Donachie, W Low, C Gilmour, A Harvey, J Norrung, B TI Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates: Results of an international comparative study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; comparative subtyping study AB Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) is a standard technique that is used to elucidate the epidemiology of a variety of bacterial species. Recently, the method has been employed by several laboratories for investigations of clinical and foodborne isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. To assess the sensitivity and reproducibility of MEE in characterising L. monocytogenes isolates for epidemiological purposes and, ultimately, to agree on a standard protocol, seven laboratories participated in a blinded study of 80 strains. The strain collection included both epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates. Each laboratory used its own protocol for MEE. The number of enzymes that were assayed by the laboratories ranged from 8 to 23, and the total number of identified electrophoretic types (ETs) varied between 14 and 25. Of the I I pairs of duplicate strains, the number of pairs recognised as identical by the seven laboratories ranged from 3 to 10 (median = 8). From 10 to 18 (median = 15) of the 22 groups of epidemiological related strains were recognised as homogeneous by the different laboratories. The discriminatory power of the method, calculated using Simpson's index of diversity for 69 strains (80 strains minus the I I duplicates), ranged from 0.827 to 0.925. This relatively low discriminatory power is a consequence of a somewhat low genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes compared to other bacterial species. Efforts should be pursued to standardise the method in order to improve the intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Bacteriol, N-0403 Oslo, NORWAY. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON, CANADA. CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CHU Vaudois, Ctr Natl Reference Listeria, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND. Moredun Res Inst, Edinburgh, Midlothian, SCOTLAND. Scottish Agr Coll Vet Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, SCOTLAND. Queens Univ Belfast, Dept Food Sci, Belfast, Antrim, NORTH IRELAND. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Frederiksberg, DENMARK. RP Caugant, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Bacteriol, POB 4404, N-0403 Oslo, NORWAY. RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 32 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01144-0 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA VP995 UT WOS:A1996VP99500006 PM 8913802 ER PT J AU Schleifer, LM Galinsky, TL Pan, CS AF Schleifer, LM Galinsky, TL Pan, CS TI Mood disturbances and musculoskeletal discomfort: Effects of electronic performance monitoring under different levels of VDT data-entry performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 93) CY AUG 08-13, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AT&T, Fuji Elect Co, JGC Corp, NEC Corp, Purdue Univ, Univ Cent Florida, Univ Wisconsin Madison, ACM SIGCAPH, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Inst Ind Engineers, EEC, European Strateg Programme Res & Dev Inform Technol, Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Human Factors Soc, IEEE, Inst Management Serv, Inst Ind Engineers, Intelligent MFG Syst Ctr, Int Ergon Assoc, Int Robot & Factory Automat Ctr, Japan Ergon Res Soc, Japan Assoc Med Informat, Japan Inst Off Automat, Japan Management Assoc, Japan Soc Hlth Sci, NIOSH, Natl Inst Ind Hlth Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan, Software Psychol Soc, Swedish Cross Disciplinary Soc Human Comp Interact ID STRESS AB The effects of electronic performance monitoring (EPM) work management on mood disturbances and musculoskeletal discomfort were evaluated under three levels of data-entry task performance. EPM work management (i.e., performance monitoring and feedback) was used to induce compliance with data-entry performance standards of greater than or equal to 200 keystrokes per minute and less than or equal to six errors per minute. Forty-seven female office workers who had difficulty maintaining the data-entry speed standard were assigned at random to EPM work management or no EPM work management. Participants in both work management conditions were divided into three keystroke performance groups (low, moderate, high). Self-ratings of mood disturbance and musculoskeletal discomfort were recorded at periodic intervals over three consecutive workdays. Regardless of the level of data-entry performance, the increase in perceived time pressure across the workdays was greater under EPM work management than under no EPM work management. Among workers who consistently failed to meet the performance standards (i.e., low and moderate performance), the increases in mood disturbances and musculoskeletal discomfort across the workdays were greater under EPM work management than under no EPM work management. These stress effects were more evident when keystroke rates were relatively close to the standard (moderate performance) than when they were far below the standard (low performance). The results suggest that EPM work management should be employed with performance standards that balance production requirements against the worker's skills and abilities. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP Schleifer, LM (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HLTH EDUC,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 SN 1044-7318 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 369 EP 384 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA WF845 UT WOS:A1996WF84500001 ER PT J AU WilliamsJohnson, MM Henriques, W Fay, RM AF WilliamsJohnson, MM Henriques, W Fay, RM TI Investigating ratios of health effect levels using ATSDR's HazDat database: Extrapolation methodologies in quantitative risk assessment SO JOURNAL OF CLEAN TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE extrapolation; HazDat database; health effect ratios; uncertainty factors AB As part of its process for deriving minimal risk levels (MRLs), ATSDR evaluated the scientific basis of the extrapolation methodology currently used by many organizations, including government regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Four major areas of extrapolation were recognized and evaluated: dose, species, route, and duration. Currently, ATSDR has nor endorsed extrapolation practices for route and duration but is interested in assessing these practices in the context of its stated public health mandate. to assess levels of significant human exposure for all potential durations and routes of exposure to hazardous waste in the surrounding community. The purpose of the current investigation is to evaluate the relationship between no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) values across duration and routes of exposure for substances found at National Priorities List sites. Data from the ATSDR HazDat database on substances that are the subjects of ATSDR toxicological profiles were analyzed across duration and routes of exposure for: 1) most sensitive end point(s), 2) NOAEL(s), and 3) LOAEL(s). This paper provides a preliminary report on the evaluation and comparison of these data. This investigation will enable ATSDR to further evaluate the use of extrapolation methodology in the development of its MRL values and future assessments of levels of significant human exposure. RP WilliamsJohnson, MM (reprint author), ATSDR,DIV TOXICOL,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1052-1062 J9 J CLEAN TECHNOL E T JI J. Clean Technol. Environ. Toxicol. Occup. Med. PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 5 IS 4 BP 347 EP 360 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WP418 UT WOS:A1996WP41800006 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH Reddy, V Marston, BJ Haas, WH Crawford, JT AF Mazurek, GH Reddy, V Marston, BJ Haas, WH Crawford, JT TI DNA fingerprinting by infrequent-restriction-site amplification SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RAPID METHOD; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCES; COMPLEX; PCR AB Identification of bacterial strains by DNA fingerprinting facilitates epidemiologic studies and improves disease control. For some species of organisms, no typing method is available; for others, typing methods are tedious. We developed a method of amplifying DNA sequences flanking infrequent restriction sites by PCR and used the method to produce strain-specific electrophoretic patterns from crude bacterial lysates. This method of fingerprinting is rapid, sensitive, and widely applicable. Identical enzymes, adaptors, primers, and PCR conditions were used to characterize 32 Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare isolates, 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, and 4 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV HEIDELBERG,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT GEN PEDIAT,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIAGNOST & MOL EPIDEMIOL SECT,MAILSTOP F08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2386 EP 2390 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VK787 UT WOS:A1996VK78700009 PM 8880485 ER PT J AU Kaufman, L Standard, PG Jalbert, M Kantipong, P Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD AF Kaufman, L Standard, PG Jalbert, M Kantipong, P Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD TI Diagnostic antigenemia tests for Penicilliosis marneffei SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; GALACTOMANNAN; INFECTION AB Disseminated penicilliosis marneffei is an emerging opportunistic mycosis seen in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and is caused by the dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei. Early diagnosis and treatment improve clinical outcome, Proper diagnosis is complicated by nonspecific signs and symptoms and by difficulties in histologic recognition and species identification of the pathogen, Since no established immunodiagnostic methods for penicillosis marneffei are available, we attempted to develop separate immunodiffusion tests to detect P. marneffei antigens and antibodies in patient serum specimens and a latex agglutination test for antigenemia, Antigens consisted of 2-week-old fission arthroconidial filtrates produced in Pine's broth at 37 degrees C. Rabbit antisera were prepared against the 10x-concentrated filtrate antigens, Studies were carried out with 17 serum specimens from HIV-seropositive adult Thai patients with penicilliosis marneffei and 15 control serum specimens from Thai persons free of HIV and P. marneffei infection, The immunodiffusion tests detected P. marneffei antigenemia in 10 (58.8%) of 17 patients, whereas the latex agglutination test detected antigenemia in 13 (76.5%) of the 17 patients, Antibody was demonstrated in only 2 of the 17 patient sera, All of the tests appeared to be highly specific, since none were positive with sera from 15 Thai control patients, six serum samples containing cryptococcal antigen, or six urine specimens positive for Histoplasma polysaccharide antigens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHIANG RAI HOSP,CHIANG RAII,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. RP Kaufman, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2503 EP 2505 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VK787 UT WOS:A1996VK78700033 PM 8880509 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G FernandesSilva, E Alves, S Rocha, A Albuquerque, RE Addiss, D AF Dreyer, G FernandesSilva, E Alves, S Rocha, A Albuquerque, RE Addiss, D TI Patterns of detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool specimens: Implications for diagnosis and clinical trials SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; ALBENDAZOLE AB Reported efficacies of drugs used to treat Strongyloides stercoralis infection vary widely, Because diagnostic methods are insensitive, therapeutic trials generally require multiple negative posttreatment stool specimens as evidence of drug efficacy. However, only a single positive stool specimen is usually required for study enrollment, To determine the reproducibility of detection of S. stercoralis larvae in the stool, 108 asymptomatic infected men submitted 25 g of fresh stool once a week for eight consecutive weeks for examination by the Baermann technique. During the 8-week study, 239 (27.7%) of 864 stool specimens were positive for S. stercoralis, Rates of detection of larvae in the stool specimens ranged from eight of eight specimens in 3 (2.8%) men to none of eight specimens in 36 (33.3%) men, Of 43 men for whom S. stercoralis was detected in at least two of the first four stool specimens, only 1 (2.3%) man tested negative on all of the next four specimens, In comparison, of 29 men who had detectable larvae in only one of the first four specimens, 22 (75.9%) tested negative on all of the next four samples, Thus, if these 29 men had been enrolled in a therapeutic trial between the first and second sets of four specimens, the efficacy of a drug with no activity against this parasite would have been estimated to be 76%. These data suggest that patterns of S. stercoralis detection vary widely among infected persons and that intermittent larval shedding can lead to inflated estimates of drug efficacy, Before a patient is entered in a clinical trial of drug efficacy, four consecutive stool specimens should be examined for S. stercoralis; only persons with two or more positive specimens should be enrolled. C1 UNIV FED PERNAMBUCO,HOSP & CLIN,HOSP CLIN,CENT LAB,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), FIOCRUZ MS,DEPT PARASITOL,CTR PESQUISAS AGGEU MAGALHAES,AV MORAES REGO S-N CIDADE UNIV,BR-50670420 RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. NR 24 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2569 EP 2571 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA VK787 UT WOS:A1996VK78700045 PM 8880521 ER PT J AU Miller, GJ Maude, GH Beckles, GLA AF Miller, GJ Maude, GH Beckles, GLA TI Incidence of hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in a rapidly developing Caribbean community: The St James survey, Trinidad SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; BLACK-POPULATION; FAT DISTRIBUTION; WEIGHT CHANGE; FOLLOW-UP; BODY-FAT; MEN AB Objective - To compare the incidence rates of hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to ethnicity and other characteristics in a rapidly developing community. Design - Prospective surveillance of a total community for five years. Subjects - Cohort of 2491 men and women aged 35 to 69 years (79% response), of African, Indian and 'other' (mainly Afro-European) descent. Results - During surveillance, secular increases occurred in fasting blood glucose concentrations in both sexes and in body mass index (BMI) in men with apparent secular reductions in systolic blood pressure in both sexes. Incidence rates of hypertension did not differ significantly with ethnicity, ranging between 33 and 41 per 1000 person-years in men and between 27 and 32 per 1000 person-years in women. In men, the incidence of diabetes (per 1000 person-years) in Indians (24) was significantly higher than in Africans (13) and others (11). In women, the diabetic incidence was similar to that for men in Indians (23) and Africans (14), but in others was twice that in men (21). In both sexes, weight gain was an important risk factor for hypertension, whereas risk of diabetes increased with BMI at baseline. The increased risk of diabetes in Indians among men was independent of baseline BMI and blood glucose. Conclusion - Apart from the increased risk of diabetes in Indians, ethnicity had no significant influence on incidence rates of hypertension and diabetes in Trinidad. Secular increases in blood glucose in both sexes and in BMI in men probably contributed to the concurrent increase in mortality from coronary heart disease in this community. C1 UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & POPULAT SCI,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP,MRC,EPIDEMIOL & MED CARE UNIT,WOLFSON INST PREVENT MED,MED COLL,LONDON EC1M 6BQ,ENGLAND. NR 47 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD OCT PY 1996 VL 50 IS 5 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1136/jech.50.5.497 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VR249 UT WOS:A1996VR24900005 PM 8944854 ER PT J AU Doane, SM Alderton, DL Sohn, YW Pellegrino, JW AF Doane, SM Alderton, DL Sohn, YW Pellegrino, JW TI Acquisition and transfer of skilled performance: Are visual discrimination skills stimulus specific? SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE LA English DT Article ID MENTAL ROTATION; COMPLEXITY; SEARCH; AUTOMATICITY; SIMILARITY AB The authors examine how the difficulty of initial training influences the acquisition and transfer of both stimulus-specific knowledge and strategic knowledge not tied to specific stimuli. Participants were asked to discriminate between random polygon stimuli. The order of exposure to very similar and less similar discriminations was varied, in which difficulty of discriminations was defined by the similarity of the stimuli being discriminated. Participants were then transferred to making discriminations between a completely novel set of random polygons. Exposure to discriminations between highly similar stimuli led to eventually faster and more accurate discriminations and superior transfer performance on novel stimuli. The results are explained by a theory of skill acquisition that includes both stimulus-specific knowledge and strategic knowledge that is driven by exposure to specific stimuli, but is not stimulus specific. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. RP Doane, SM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,603 E DANIEL ST,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820, USA. NR 38 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0096-1523 J9 J EXP PSYCHOL HUMAN JI J. Exp. Psychol.-Hum. Percept. Perform. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1218 EP 1248 DI 10.1037/0096-1523.22.5.1218 PG 31 WC Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA VL797 UT WOS:A1996VL79700012 ER PT J AU Bertolli, J StLouis, ME Simonds, RJ Nieburg, P Kamenga, M Brown, C Tarande, M Quinn, T Ou, CY AF Bertolli, J StLouis, ME Simonds, RJ Nieburg, P Kamenga, M Brown, C Tarande, M Quinn, T Ou, CY TI Estimating the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in a breast-feeding population in Kinshasa, Zaire SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-1; TYPE-1 AB Breast-fed infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers in Kinshasa, Zaire, were monitored a mean of 18 months. HIV infection in infants was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HIV culture, or ELISA. PCR test results for HIV DNA on venous blood drawn from children ages 0-2 days and 3-5 months were used to estimate proportions of mother-to-child transmission and transmission risks during the intrauterine, intrapartum/early postpartum, and late postpartum periods. Among 69 HIV-infected children (26% of the cohort), 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14%-35%) were estimated to have had intrauterine, 65% (CI, 53%-76%) intrapartum/early postpartum, and 12% (CI, 5%-22%) late postpartum transmission. The estimated risks for intrauterine, intrapartum/early postpartum, and late postpartum infection, respectively, were 6% (16/261; CI, 4%-10%), 18% (45/245; CI, 14%-24%), acid 4% (8/189; CI, 2%-8%). These results support earlier studies indicating that most transmission occurs during labor and delivery or in the early postpartum period and that the risk of HIV transmission through breast-feeding during the postpartum period is substantial. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV SEXUALLY TRANSMIT DIS & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV AIDS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NIAID,NATL INST HLTH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP Bertolli, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 126 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 174 IS 4 BP 722 EP 726 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VK045 UT WOS:A1996VK04500006 PM 8843208 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Pfaller, MA Hajjeh, RA Graviss, EA Rees, J Spitzer, ED Pinner, RW Mayer, LW Stephens, D Farley, M Rimland, D Baughman, W Lao, C Otte, J Harvey, C Hamill, R Reingold, AL Rothrock, G Pattni, B Daily, P AF Brandt, ME Pfaller, MA Hajjeh, RA Graviss, EA Rees, J Spitzer, ED Pinner, RW Mayer, LW Stephens, D Farley, M Rimland, D Baughman, W Lao, C Otte, J Harvey, C Hamill, R Reingold, AL Rothrock, G Pattni, B Daily, P TI Molecular subtypes and antifungal susceptibilities of serial Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus - Associated cryptococcosis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHIC DNA; FLUCONAZOLE; INFECTION; MENINGITIS; ELECTROPHORESIS; PERSISTENCE; SEPARATION; PROSTATE; AIDS AB Serial isolates of Cryptococcus neofonnans from 33 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with cryptococcosis were analyzed to determine whether persistence might result from reinfection with a new cryptococcal strain or acquisition of antifungal resistance, Isolates were subtyped by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), electrophoretic karyotyping (EK), random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and the CNRE-1 DNA probe, MICs of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine were determined, No changes in MEE or RAPD subtypes were detected in serial isolates from any patient, Isolates from 8 patients (24%) showed alterations in EK only (mobility change in two or more bands) but not with any other subtyping method, MICs did not change significantly in isolates from 30 patients, In 1 case, the fluconazole MIC increased stepwise over 18 months, suggesting development of resistance, These overall invariant subtyping and MIC results confirm previous studies suggesting that persistent cryptococcal infection is due to relapse rather than reinfection or antifungal drug resistance. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,IOWA CITY,IA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,CTR INFECT DIS,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA. SUNY STONY BROOK,DEPT PATHOL,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32430] NR 27 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 174 IS 4 BP 812 EP 820 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VK045 UT WOS:A1996VK04500019 PM 8843221 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Holmes, KK Padian, NS Cates, W AF Aral, SO Holmes, KK Padian, NS Cates, W TI Individual and population approaches to the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection - Overview SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. FAMILY HLTH INT,DURHAM,NC. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,MAILSTOP E02,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 174 SU 2 BP S127 EP S133 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VK502 UT WOS:A1996VK50200001 PM 8843242 ER PT J AU Wasserheit, JN Aral, SO AF Wasserheit, JN Aral, SO TI The dynamic topology of sexually transmitted disease epidemics: Implications for prevention strategies SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS; TRANSMISSION; SPREAD; AIDS; BEHAVIOR; PATTERNS AB Each sexually transmitted disease (STD) epidemic evolves through predictable phases, shaped by a dynamic interplay among the pathogen, the behaviors of the subpopulations in which it emerges, and the prevention efforts that are developed to limit its impact. As STD epidemics move through these phases, the sexual and social networks that fuel them become located in subpopulations characterized by progressively higher rates of sex partner change and less contact with the health care system. As a result, phase-appropriate prevention strategies and research issues are essential to reducing STDs and their consequences. RP Wasserheit, JN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV STD PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 189 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 174 SU 2 BP S201 EP S213 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA VK502 UT WOS:A1996VK50200009 PM 8843250 ER PT J AU Fowler, MG Rogers, MF AF Fowler, MG Rogers, MF TI Overview of perinatal HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Nutrition in Pediatric HIV Infection - Setting the Research Agenda CY SEP 28-29, 1995 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, Off AIDS Res, NICHHD, NIDDKD, NIAID, NIMH, US FDA, Pediat AIDS Fdn, Natl Dairy Council, Sandoz Nutr Corp, Bristol Meyers Squibb Co, Clintec Nutr Co, Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Serono Labs Inc, Amer Inst Nutr DE perinatal HIV infection; epidemiology; risk factors ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; TYPE-1; MOTHER; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; DELIVERY AB The global HIV epidemic is having a profound impact on the health and survival of children. As of 1994, it is estimated that about 2 million children worldwide (WHO, 1994) and 12 thousand children in the United States are HIV infected (Davis et al, 1995). Almost all HIV infection among infants and young children are from mother-to-infant transmission. By the year 2000, HIV is projected to infect 40 million men, women, and children unless effective prevention strategies are developed. Perinatal HIV transmission rates currently vary from 14-40% with the lowest rates being seen in Europe and highest rates in Africa. Known risk factors for perinatal transmission include advanced maternal HIV disease, lower CD4+ counts, and increased viral burden during pregnancy. Observational cohort data suggest that prenatal vitamin A levels, maternal drug use, and duration of membrane rupture during labor also are related to risk of transmission. The United States clinical trial utilizing an antiretroviral (zidovudine [AZT]) prenatally, intrapartum, and for 6 weeks to the infant demonstrated that perinatal HIV transmission was reduced by two-thirds. This dramatic result gives strong encouragement that simpler perinatal prevention strategies applicable to developing countries may also be successful. A number of international studies are underway or planned including perinatal vitamin A and micronutrient trials in Africa. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Fowler, MG (reprint author), NIAID,EFFICACY TRIALS BRANCH,DIV AIDS,NIH,2A09 SOLAR BLDG,6003 EXECUT BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 126 IS 10 SU S BP S2602 EP S2607 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VN547 UT WOS:A1996VN54700004 ER PT J AU Kilbourne, EM Philen, RM Kamb, ML Falk, H AF Kilbourne, EM Philen, RM Kamb, ML Falk, H TI Tryptophan produced by Showa Denko and epidemic eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome - Review and Reappraisal of Clinical, Epidemiologic and Animal Studies Symposium CY DEC 07-08, 1994 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC HO GEORGETOWN UNIV DE eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome; epidemiology; L-tryptophan; diagnosis AB Evidence from an array of scientific studies strongly supports the conclusion that ingestion of products containing L-tryptophan (LT) produced by Showa Denko KK caused the 1989 epidemic of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) in the United States. In case-control studies of EMS, LT exposure was essentially universal among cases but rare among controls. Of 6 manufacturers of LT, only LT manufactured by Showa Denko KK was clearly associated with illness. The data meet other Kill criteria for inferring a causal relationship. Consistent findings were found in multiple independently conducted studies, There was a dose-response effect, with risk of illness increasing as a function of the amount of tryptophan consumed. The extremely small p values observed in the multiple independently conducted studies effectively rule out the possibility that the tryptophan-EMS association was the result of chance. Moreover, no potential confounding factor or bias explains the association. The incidence of EMS in the United States diminished abruptly once LT containing products were recalled. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB PREVEN,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Kilbourne, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP E-62,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 SU 46 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA VM468 UT WOS:A1996VM46800020 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EA Staehling, N Philen, RM AF Sullivan, EA Staehling, N Philen, RM TI Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome among the non-L-tryptophan users and pre-epidemic cases SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome; L-tryptophan; eosinophil ID TOXIC OIL SYNDROME; 1,1'-ETHYLIDENEBIS(L-TRYPTOPHAN) AB Objective. Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been associated with L-tryptophan (LT) use since 1989, but as yet no etiologic agent has been identified. We describe the non-L-tryptophan associated cases of EMS, and those patients with illness onset preceding the 1989 epidemic. Methods. Review of all patients in the EMS national state based surveillance system administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who satisfied the EMS surveillance case definition. Results. Of 1345 persons with EMS that satisfied the CDC surveillance case definition for EMS, 26 (2%) persons reported not having used LT (non-LT). Persons who did not use LT were significantly younger (mean age 39 years; p=0.02) and were more likely than LT users to have onset of their illness before the EMS epidemic (before July 1, 1989) (p <0.001). Non-LT users reported fewer pulmonary symptoms but had rates of neuropathy and scleroderma-like skin changes similar to LT users. Non-LT users had lower mean eosinophil counts (5.6x10(9) cells/l; LT users 6.2x10(9) cells/l), reported no EMS attributable deaths, but were hospitalized (48%) more often than LT users (34%). Of the 1345 EMS cases, 191 (14%) reported a pre-epidemic illness onset. Symptoms of peripheral edema, rash, scleroderma-like skin change, alopecia, and neuropathy were more prevalent in pre-epidemic patients. Mean eosinophil count was significantly higher for epidemic patients than for pre-epidemic patients (p=0.004). Conclusion. Non-LT EMS cases were more likely to be younger and to have a pre-epidemic illness onset of EMS, but otherwise were similar to LT associated EMS cases. Pre-epidemic EMS cases were more likely to report the presence of neuropathy and scleroderma-like skin change, but not pulmonary symptoms, hospitalization, or death. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 23 IS 10 BP 1784 EP 1787 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA VL783 UT WOS:A1996VL78300022 PM 8895159 ER PT J AU Makdani, D Sowell, AL Nelson, JD Apgar, J Gunter, EW Hegar, A Potts, W Rao, D Wilcox, A Smith, JC AF Makdani, D Sowell, AL Nelson, JD Apgar, J Gunter, EW Hegar, A Potts, W Rao, D Wilcox, A Smith, JC TI Comparison of methods of assessing vitamin A status in children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE retinol; retinyl esters; relative dose response; RDR; conjunctival impression cytology; stunting; ethnicity; retinol-binding protein ID CONJUNCTIVAL IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; A-DEFICIENCY; SERUM RETINOL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; PLASMA; METABOLISM; ESTERS; ZINC AB Objective: A study of children (2-8 years; n = 613) in Belize, Central America, was conducted to determine what proportion of the children might be at risk of vitamin A (vit A) deficiency. The data provide an opportunity to compare results of three methods of assessing vit A status in a population which was not severely malnourished. Serum retinyl ester concentrations were also determined; their relevance to one of the tests, the relative dose response (RDR) test is discussed. Methods: The three methods of assessing vit A status were: RDR test, fasting serum retinol concentration, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC). Retinol-binding protein (REP), serum retinyl esters and serum zinc concentrations were also determined. Results: Inadequate vit A status was indicated for 17% of subjects by the RDR test (14% cutoff), for 24% by fasting serum retinol concentration (<0.87 mu mol/L), and for 49% by ''abnormal'' CIC score. Retinyl esters constituted 24% of serum retinoids at the time (5 hours after a retinyl palmitate dose) at which the second blood sample is taken for the RDR test. Regression tree analyses (CART) indicated ethnicity was a predictor of RDR score; ethnicity, stunting and age were predictors of fasting serum retinol concentration; ethnicity and stunting were predictors of 0-hour retinyl ester concentration. Conclusion: The three indices of vit A status did not identify the same individuals nor indicate the same percentage of the population to be at risk for vit A deficiency. Increased concentrations of retinyl esters at 5 hours compared to those at 0 hours suggest that insufficient retinol may have been taken up by the liver at 5 hours to release all accumulated retinol-binding protein (REP) in deficient individuals; prevalence of vit A deficiency might therefore be underestimated by the RDR test The selection of ethnicity as a predictor of RDR score and of 0-hour retinol and retinyl ester concentrations suggests that factors other than vit A status affect vit A metabolism and may affect the RDR test. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RAMSEY CLIN,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ST PAUL,MN. ST PAUL RAMSEY MED CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55101. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Makdani, D (reprint author), LINCOLN UNIV,FOSTER HALL ROOM 114,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102, USA. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 15 IS 5 BP 439 EP 449 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VM044 UT WOS:A1996VM04400004 PM 8892169 ER PT J AU Apgar, J Makdani, D Sowell, AL Gunter, EW Hegar, A Rao, D Smith, JC AF Apgar, J Makdani, D Sowell, AL Gunter, EW Hegar, A Rao, D Smith, JC TI Reproducibility of relative dose response (RDR) test and serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations in children after a 2-week interval SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE retinol; retinyl esters; relative dose response; RDR; retinyl palmitate; retinyl stearate; absorption ID VITAMIN-A STATUS; TEST-RETEST REPRODUCIBILITY; IMPRESSION CYTOLOGY; GUATEMALAN ADULTS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SUPPLEMENTATION; LIPOPROTEINS; DEFICIENCY; CAROTENE; ISSUES AB Objective: Reproducibility of the relative dose response test (RDR), a test designed to measure vitamin A status, was tested in 23 Belizean children, 5-8 years after 2-week interval during which no treatment was given. Methods: As required for the RDR test, serum retinol concentrations were determined before and 5 hours after an oral dose of vitamin A. An RDR score >14% was used as the criterion of inadequate vitamin A status. The HPLC method used to measure serum retinol concentrations also determined the concentrations of four retinyl esters. Results: The RDR test was reproducible for 17 of 23 subjects: 3 scored >14% on both tests; 14, <14% on both. Six subjects scored >14% on only one test. The concordance correlation coefficient (r(c)) for the percent change in the two tests was 0.24; for fasting serum retinol concentration, r(c) = 0.81. For retinyl palmitate and stearate, the esters present in highest concentrations at 5 hours, concordance correlation coefficients were 0.75 and 0.59, respectively. Conclusion: The failure of the RDR test to classify 26% of the subjects reproducibly reduces the usefulness of the test. In addition, the reproducibility of the retinyl ester concentrations in serum 5 hours after the retinyl palmitate dose and the relatively high concentrations in some subjects suggests that some individuals may not metabolize sufficient retinol in 5 hours to cause a maximal increase in serum retinol resulting in an underestimation of deficiency in a population in which the RDR test is used. C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. CDCP,ATLANTA,GA. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 15 IS 5 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VM044 UT WOS:A1996VM04400005 PM 8892170 ER PT J AU DelBrutto, OH Wadia, NH Dumas, M Cruz, M Tsang, VCW Schantz, PM AF DelBrutto, OH Wadia, NH Dumas, M Cruz, M Tsang, VCW Schantz, PM TI Proposal of diagnostic criteria for human cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis SO JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE cysticercosis; neurocysticercosis; diagnosis ID CT LESIONS; EPILEPSY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PRAZIQUANTEL; THERAPY; ASSAY AB Taenia solium cysticercosis is a major public health problem in several areas of the world. While the disease has a recognized etiologic agent, its definitive histological diagnosis is not possible in most cases because this parasite tends to lodge in cerebral tissues where routine biopsy is not feasible. Therefore, the diagnosis of human cysticercosis (and neurocysticercosis) should rest on the proper interpretation of the patients' symptoms together with data provided by radiological studies and immunologic tests for the detection of anticysticercal antibodies. Unfortunately, the pleomorphism of this parasitic disease creates confusion when non-specific clinical, radiological, or immunologic criteria alone are used to detect cases among populations or to diagnose hospitalized patients with neurological manifestations. We propose a chart of diagnostic criteria for human cysticercosis that objectively permit clinicians and health care workers to evaluate clinical, radiological, immunologic, and epidemiologic data of patients. The chart uses four degrees of criteria: absolute, major, minor, and epidemiologic, that were selected on the basis of their individual diagnostic strength. Interpretation of such criteria will result in three categories of diagnostic certainty: definitive, probable and possible, according to the likelihood that cysticercosis is present in a given person. C1 JASLOK HOSP & RES CTR,BOMBAY,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. INST TROP NEUROL,SCH MED,LIMOGES,FRANCE. QUITO UNIV,COLL HLTH SCI,QUITO,ECUADOR. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DelBrutto, OH (reprint author), LUIS VERNAZA HOSP,DEPT NEUROL,POB 0901,GUYAQUIL 3734,ECUADOR. NR 41 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-510X J9 J NEUROL SCI JI J. Neurol. Sci. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 142 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/0022-510X(96)00130-X PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA VM925 UT WOS:A1996VM92500001 PM 8902711 ER PT J AU Kat, PW Alexander, KA Smith, JS Richardson, JD AF Kat, PW Alexander, KA Smith, JS Richardson, JD TI Rabies among African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Masai Mara, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LIMITED SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; VIRUS; DISEASE; REGION AB A pack of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) ranging to the north of the Masai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya was monitored from 1988 to 1989. During a 6-week period (August 1-September 13, 1989), 21 of 23 members of this pack died. Seven carcasses were retrieved, of which 4 were suitable for necropsy and hislopathologic examination. Gross findings varied among individuals and included multiple bite wounds, synovitis, lymphadenopathy, submandibular, cervical, and vocal cord edema, blood in bronchi, bronchioles, stomach, and intestine, and anterioventral lung Lobe consolidation. Histologic examination of 2 available brain samples revealed nonsuppurative encephalitis with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (Negri bodies). An additional brain sample tested positive for rabies via a fluorescent antibody test. Other histologic features included severe suppurative bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, and lymphoid depletion of the lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen. A 304-base pair (bp) nucleotide sequence from the N gene and a 310-bp sequence from the G gene from rabies isolates of 4 wild dogs indicated that infection was with a rabies variant common among domestic dogs in Kenya and Tanzania. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RABIES SECT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MPAKA RD VET CLIN,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV TENNESSEE,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37901. RP Kat, PW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. RI Alexander, Kathleen/A-9765-2010 OI Alexander, Kathleen/0000-0001-7338-5341 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA 1600 E ROLLINS, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 8 IS 4 BP 420 EP 426 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA XM719 UT WOS:A1996XM71900003 PM 8953525 ER PT J AU Stoppler, MC Ching, K Stoppler, H Clancy, K Schlegel, R Icenogle, J AF Stoppler, MC Ching, K Stoppler, H Clancy, K Schlegel, R Icenogle, J TI Natural variants of the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein differ in their abilities to alter keratinocyte differentiation and to induce P53 degradation SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPEN READING FRAMES; CERVICAL-CARCINOMA; SEQUENCE VARIATION; TRANSACTIVATION FUNCTION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DNA; E7; TRANSFORMATION; BINDING; ONCOPROTEIN AB Three naturally occurring variant human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6 proteins, which contained amino acid substitutions predominantly near the N terminus, exhibited significant differences in their abilities to abrogate keratinocyte differentiation in response to serum and calcium and to induce the degradation of p53 in vitro. One variant surpassed the reference E6 protein in its ability to abrogate keratinocyte differentiation responses, whereas another showed a reduction in this activity. Interestingly, the biological activities of the HPV-16 E6 proteins and their abilities to induce p53 degradation in vitro were directly correlated. These results demonstrate that naturally occurring variants of HPV-16 differ in biological and biochemical properties which might result in differences in pathogenicity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20007. FU NCI NIH HHS [1K11 CA-01626, R01CA-53371] NR 55 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 70 IS 10 BP 6987 EP 6993 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA VG127 UT WOS:A1996VG12700057 PM 8794343 ER PT J AU Perryman, LE Jasmer, DP Riggs, MW Bohnet, SG McGuire, TC Arrowood, MJ AF Perryman, LE Jasmer, DP Riggs, MW Bohnet, SG McGuire, TC Arrowood, MJ TI A cloned gene of Cryptosporidium parvum encodes neutralization-sensitive epitopes SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; epitope; genes; infectious immunity; mouse ID HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SCID MICE; SPOROZOITE GLYCOPROTEIN; NEONATAL MICE; BABESIA-BOVIS; INFECTION; PROTEIN; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION AB Two mAb, C6B6 and 7D10, each significantly reduced infection of mice by Cryptosporidium parvum and reacted with a 23-kDa glycoprotein (p23) of geographically disperse C. parvum isolates. The antibodies were used to identify plaques in a cDNA library prepared from C. parvum sporozoite mRNA. cDNA insert sequences from positive plaques were determined and used to isolate additional clones encoding p23 coding sequences. A consensus open reading frame of 333 base pairs, encoding 111 amino acids, was identified in this collection of cDNAs. The predicted amino acid sequence contained one N-glycosylation site, but lacked hydrophobic membrane spanning regions. Epitope mapping revealed that mAb 7D10 defines the linear epitope QDKPAD which occurs twice in the C terminal region of the peptide encoded by the ORF. This same C terminal peptide region contains a non-linear epitope bound by mAb C6B6. Serum from mice immunized with synthetic C terminal peptide reacted with sporozoite p23. The occurrence of neutralization-sensitive epitopes encoded by defined regions of the C. parvum genome suggests that recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides containing these epitopes may prove useful for inducing immune responses that diminish infection. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PATHOL,PULLMAN,WA 99164. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT VET SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Perryman, LE (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL PATHOL & PARASITOL,4700 HILLSBOROUGH ST,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI25731, AI30223]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK34987] NR 55 TC 68 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 80 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(96)02681-3 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA VK865 UT WOS:A1996VK86500002 PM 8892291 ER PT J AU Porter, CH Collins, FH AF Porter, CH Collins, FH TI Phylogeny of nearctic members of the Anopheles maculipennis species group derived from the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; QUADRIMACULATUS COMPLEX; EXPANSION SEGMENTS; DNA VARIATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FREEBORNI; EVOLUTION; HERMSI AB Phylogenetic affinities among taxa associated with the Nearctic component of the Anopheles maculipennis species group (subgenus Anopheles) were inferred from sequence divergence in the D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA. The base composition of this region had a marked GC bias which ranged from 59.9% in Anopheles walkeri to 65.1% in Anopheles punctipennis E. Although over two-thirds of the base positions in the D2 region were double-stranded (stem), substitution frequencies at single-stranded (loop) positions (0.068 over all taxa) were 2.7 times greater than at stem positions (0.025). Most mutations were point mutations and were most frequent at loop positions. In the shortest trees generated by both parsimony and distance methods, the four American species traditionally identified with the maculipennis complex (Anopheles aztecus, Anopheles earlei, Anopheles freeborni, and Anopheles occidentalis) were monophyletic with & punctipennis E and W as sister taxa. The latter two correspond to genetically distinct forms from the eastern United States and California, respectively. The sibling species of the Anopheles quadrimaculatus complex formed a distinct clade, and A. quadrimaculatus D, with six autapomorphies, was the most divergent of these taxa. Sequence divergence between A. walkeri and the other taxa included in the study was of such magnitude as to suggest only a distant affinity to these species. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 6 IS 2 BP 178 EP 188 DI 10.1006/mpev.1996.0070 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA VM611 UT WOS:A1996VM61100002 PM 8899722 ER PT J AU Rosa, RR Harma, M Pulli, K Mulder, M Nasman, O AF Rosa, RR Harma, M Pulli, K Mulder, M Nasman, O TI Rescheduling a three shift system at a steel rolling mill: Effects of a one hour delay of shift starting times on sleep and alertness in younger and older workers SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE shift timing; shiftworker; sleep; fatigue ID EXTENDED WORKDAYS; PERFORMANCE; AGE; DURATION; RATINGS; FATIGUE AB Objective-To evaluate a new work schedule at a Finnish steel mill with special attention to effects on older workers. The schedule was designed to improve sleep before the morning shift, and alertness during the morning shift, by delaying shift start and end times. Methods-Evaluation was by a shiftwork health and safety questionnaire, recordings of work-rest-sleep cycles with activity monitors worn on the wrist, daily diaries, and on site computerised testing of fatigue and alertness by the NIOSH fatigue test battery. Results-The one hour delay in shift starting times improved sleep before the morning shift, and improved waking fatigue, sleepiness, and performance during the morning shift. Evening and night shift sleep and fatigue or sleepiness, however, were affected negatively by the new work schedule, but the results for those shifts were less consistent across the various measures. Despite the improvements, most workers were not satisfied with the new schedule because of social concerns. Few interactions of age with the new work schedule were found, suggesting that the effects of the work schedule were uniform across age groups. Conclusion-A change of as little as one hour in shift starting times can improve morning shift sleep and alertness, but there are trade offs from these improvements in terms of night shift effects and social considerations. It seems, then, that optimal shift: start and end times for an entire organisation are difficult to institute on a wide scale. Tailoring shift schedules to subgroups within an organisation is suggested. C1 FUNDIA WIRE CORP,DALSBRUK,FINLAND. RP Rosa, RR (reprint author), NIOSH,TAFT LABS,MAIL STOP C-24,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45224, USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 8 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 53 IS 10 BP 677 EP 685 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VM241 UT WOS:A1996VM24100006 PM 8943832 ER PT J AU Schnorr, TM Steenland, K Egeland, GM Boeniger, M Egilman, D AF Schnorr, TM Steenland, K Egeland, GM Boeniger, M Egilman, D TI Mortality of workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate in the polyurethane foam industry SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE isocyanates; cancer; mortality ID CARCINOGENICITY; RATS AB Objective-To evaluate cancer mortality among United States workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. Methods-This cohort mortalilty study included 4611 men and women employed in four polyurethane foam plants for at least three months between the late 1950s and 1987. The mortality experience of the cohort: was then compared with that of the general United States population. Results-Current and past industrial hygiene data indicated that air concentrations in 1984-5 were below the current United States standard of 0.04 mg/m(3) but exceeded the standard before 1980. Mortality from rectal cancer (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.57-8.13) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (SMR 1.54, 95% CT 0.42-3.95) were increased, but not significantly. There was one male breast cancer. However, breast cancer was not increased in women (SMR 0.74). No other cancer category had an increased number of deaths compared with the general population. Only non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease showed a possible relation with time since first employment and no cancer death category showed a strong relation with duration of employment. Mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease was not increased (SMR 0.86), Conclusions-This young cohort has few deaths and short follow up. The findings are therefore not conclusive. Further years of follow up will enable better evaluation of mortality. RP Schnorr, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 53 IS 10 BP 703 EP 707 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VM241 UT WOS:A1996VM24100010 PM 8943836 ER PT J AU Olsvik, B Tenover, FC Olsen, I Rasheed, JK AF Olsvik, B Tenover, FC Olsen, I Rasheed, JK TI Three subtypes of the tet(M) gene identified in bacterial isolates from periodontal pockets SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tetracycline resistance; periodontal disease; polymerase chain reaction; DNA sequencing; molecular epidemiology; genotype ID TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE DETERMINANT; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CONJUGATIVE TRANSPOSON; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; TN916; TETM; PLASMID AB The tet(M) genes were characterized from 84 isolates of 10 different bacterial spe cies isolated from the periodontal pockets of 16 patients with periodontal disease. A 740 bp polymerase chain reaction product from the hypervariable region of the tet(M) structural gene was cleaved with the restriction enzymes AluI and HinfI. Three different restriction patterns were identified for each of the two enzymes. By DNA sequencing, using a direct solid-phase automated sequencing method, the isolates could be grouped into 3 different clusters of tet(M) subtypes. The internal DNA homology within each subtype was 98-100%; the homology between clusters was 89-94%. Two different subtypes were identified in 9 of 10 bacterial species, and the remaining species had 3 different subtypes. One of the subtypes (M3) was seen mainly in the anaerobic isolates. This subtype was different from all earlier sequenced structural tet(M) genes present in the Genbank. Most patients had two different subtypes of tet(M), and a third subtype was seen in the 3 patients who exhibited the greatest variety of tetracycline-resistant bacterial species. It appears that the presence of one subtype of the tet(M) gene within a patient or bacterial species does not prevent the acquisition of another subtype of the same gene. This study identified a new subtype of the tet(M) gene and grouped it into 3 distinct yet highly homologous genetic subtypes. C1 UNIV OSLO,N-0316 OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1996.tb00185.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA VQ832 UT WOS:A1996VQ83200003 PM 9028254 ER PT J AU Olsvik, B Flynn, MJ Tenover, FC Slots, J Olsen, I AF Olsvik, B Flynn, MJ Tenover, FC Slots, J Olsen, I TI Tetracycline resistance in Prevotella isolates from periodontally diseased patients is due to the tet(Q) gene SO ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; tetracycline resistance; polymerase chain reaction; DNA probe; periodontal disease ID TRANSFER SYSTEMS; BACTEROIDES; BACTERIA; THERAPY; CLONING; DNA AB Tetracycline-resistance in gram-negative periodontal bacteria is often due to the presence of the tet(Q) gene. In the present study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine 54 isolates of gram-negative anaerobic rods (Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and related or Bacteroides-like species) for the presence of the tet(Q) gene. The isolates were recovered from 42 patients with peri odontal disease living in northern Europe and North America. An 814 base-pair segment of the tet(Q) gene was amplified from all 31 isolates resistant to tetracycline with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 4 mu g/ml and above. The presence of the tet(Q) gene was verified using hybridization with a specific oligonucleotide internal to the amplified region and restriction endonuclease digestion with DdeI. A PCR product of the same size was also amplified from one tetracycline susceptible isolate (minimal inhibitory concentration=0.5 mu g/ml). However, this isolate and the one isolate that was resistant to tetracycline at 4 mu g/ml showed a weaker signal than the remaining isolates when hybridized with the internal probe. Typing of the PCR products using restriction endonuclease digests with AluI and HpaII revealed two clusters of distinct electrophoresis patterns, indicating that two different subtypes of the tet(q) gene were present in this material. A control strain containing the tet(q) gene from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron had a different electrophoresis pattern for AluI. This study indicated that subtypes of the tet(q) gene in tetracycline-resistant gramnegative periodontal bacteria exist both within the same patient and within the same species. C1 UNIV OSLO,N-0316 OSLO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0902-0055 J9 ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN JI Oral Microbiol. Immunol. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 11 IS 5 BP 304 EP 308 DI 10.1111/j.1399-302X.1996.tb00186.x PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Immunology; Microbiology GA VQ832 UT WOS:A1996VQ83200004 PM 9028255 ER PT J AU Hales, TR Bernard, BP AF Hales, TR Bernard, BP TI Epidemiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders SO ORTHOPEDIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; HAND-ARM VIBRATION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; UPPER-LIMB DISORDERS; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; AMBULATORY BLOOD-PRESSURE; PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK-FACTORS; UPPER EXTREMITY DISORDERS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATION AB Musculoskeletal disorders are common in the United States. Although precise estimates are not available, most researchers agree that exposure to a combination of work place risk factors is a major contributor to these disorders. Along with personal factors (age, gender, etc.). Epidemiologic studies of workers have associated these disorders with many work-place physical and psychosocial factors. Specific physical factors associated with these disorders include intense, repeated, or sustained exertions, awkward, sustained, or extreme postures of the body, insufficient recovery time, vibration, and cold temperatures. Specific examples of work-place psychosocial factors include monotonous work, time pressure, high work load, lack of peer support, and a poor supervisor-employee relationship. C1 NIOSH, HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH, MED SECT, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 243 TC 140 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 16 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0030-5898 J9 ORTHOP CLIN N AM JI Orthop. Clin. North Am. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 27 IS 4 BP 679 EP + PG 0 WC Orthopedics SC Orthopedics GA VF074 UT WOS:A1996VF07400003 PM 8823390 ER PT J AU Nesheim, SR Shaffer, N Vink, P Thea, DM Palumbo, P Greenberg, B Weedon, J Simonds, RJ AF Nesheim, SR Shaffer, N Vink, P Thea, DM Palumbo, P Greenberg, B Weedon, J Simonds, RJ TI Lack of increased risk for perinatal human immunodeficiency virus transmission to subsequent children born to infected women SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE perinatal transmission; human immunodeficiency virus infection; pediatrics; sibling ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; TYPE-1 AB Background. Little is known about whether a woman's risk of transmitting HIV perinatally increases over time and whether the infection outcome of a previous child affects the risk of transmitting HIV to subsequent children. Methods. We analyzed data from 114 prospectively followed women who gave birth to at least 2 children after becoming infected with HIV to determine the risk for perinatal HIV transmission to these sibling pairs. Results. The median interval between sibling births was 19 months, HN infection occurred in 19 (17%) older siblings and 20 (18%) younger siblings (P = 0.87). Two (11%) of the 19 children with infected older siblings were infected compared with 18 (19%) of the 95 children with uninfected older siblings (P = 0.86). The risk for transmission to younger siblings was not associated with the interval between deliveries of the two siblings. Conclusions. These data do not demonstrate that an HIV-infected woman's risk of transmitting HN perinatally increases with time, although the observed interpregnancy interval was relatively short. The risk for perinatal transmission does not appear to be affected by the infection outcome of previous children. These findings may be useful for counseling HIV-infected women about their risk of transmitting HIV perinatally. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NEW YORK CITY PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISS COLLABORAT,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ 07103. RP Nesheim, SR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,341 PONCE LEON AVE,ATLANTA,GA 30308, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 15 IS 10 BP 886 EP 890 DI 10.1097/00006454-199610000-00011 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VL708 UT WOS:A1996VL70800009 PM 8895921 ER PT J AU Bamji, M Thea, DM Weedon, J Krasinski, K Matheson, PB Thomas, P Lambert, G Abrams, EJ Steketee, R Hegarty, M AF Bamji, M Thea, DM Weedon, J Krasinski, K Matheson, PB Thomas, P Lambert, G Abrams, EJ Steketee, R Hegarty, M TI Prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus 1-related disease among 512 infants born to infected women in New York City SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; perinatal transmission; vertical transmission; morbidity; mortality; natural history ID PROGNOSTIC FACTORS; HIV-INFECTION; CHILDREN; SURVIVAL; LIFE; PREDICTORS; MOTHERS; TYPE-1; AIDS AB Objective. To determine the incidence of HIV-related clinical findings, mortality and predictors of death in a cohort of HIV-exposed infants followed from birth. Methods. Data were collected approximately bimonthly during the first and second year of life and used in Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards survival analyses to predict time to the development of symptoms and death. Results. One hundred sixteen infected and 396 uninfected infants were followed for a median of 26 months at 7 New York City hospitals from 1986 to 1995. Two or more nonspecific HIV-related symptoms, AIDS or death occurred in 83% of infected children by the first year, Fifty infected infants (43%) developed AIDS and 19 (38%) of these had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Estimated median age at AIDS/death was 30 months and 64% of infected children remained alive and AIDS-free at 1 year. Estimated infant mortality among infected children was 160/1000 live births, and median survival after AIDS was 21 months; 55% of infected children survived >12 months after diagnosis of AIDS. P. carinii pneumonia was the most common cause of death. Although birth CD4 values did not predict AIDS or death, CD4 counts as early as 6 months of age were highly correlated with both. Thirteen (68%) of 19 infants who remained AIDS-free up to 3 to 6 months of age with CD4 count less than or equal to 1500 cells/mu l subsequently developed AIDS vs. 18 (30%) of 61 with CD4 count >1500 (P = 0.0001). Conclusions, Most HIV-1-infected infants develop disease in the first year of life. AIDS or death can be predicted by a threshold CD4 count of 1500 cells/mu l at 3 to 6 months of age. C1 METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. MED & HLTH RES ASSOC NYC INC,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NYU,BELLEVUE MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10029. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [064 CCU 200937] NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 15 IS 10 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1097/00006454-199610000-00012 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA VL708 UT WOS:A1996VL70800010 PM 8895922 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Woodley, CL Crawford, JT Lew, D Dooley, SM AF Frieden, TR Woodley, CL Crawford, JT Lew, D Dooley, SM TI The molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in New York City: The importance of nosocomial transmission and laboratory error SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EMERGENCE; INFECTION AB Setting: During the 1980s, New York City experienced a rapid increase of tuberculosis cases, more than 40% of which were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated. Objective: To better define the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in New York City. Design: We collected an isolate from every patient in New York City with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including both incident and prevalent cases, in April 1991. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using IS6110 was performed and the clinical, demographic, epidemiologic, and drug susceptibility patterns of patients were correlated with RFLP results. Results: Of 441 patients, 12 (3%) had laboratory, clinical, and RFLP evidence of falsely positive cultures. The remaining 429 patients had 252 distinct RFLP patterns. Patients with clustered 1-3 band isolates did not share demographic or drug susceptibility patterns. Eliminating these patients from the analysis, 344 patients remained, of whom 126 (37%) belonged to one of 31 clusters ranging in size from 2-17 patients (median cluster size = 3). Clustering was more common among patients with multidrug-resistant isolates (53%), African Americans (44%), and the homeless (49%), but was not associated with HIV infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Multidrug-resistance, being African American, and homelessness remained independently associated with clustering in multivariate analysis. Of 79 patients in clusters of greater than or equal to 4 patients, 25 (32%) had identifiable epidemiologic linkages; 17 (74%) of these patients, and 6% of all cases, were documented to have been nosocomially associated. Conclusion: A small but non-negligible proportion (3%) of New York City patients had falsely positive cultures for M. tuberculosis as a result of laboratory error. More than one third of all patients and most patients with multidrug-resistance in April 1991 had clustered RFLP patterns, suggesting recent transmission of M. tuberculosis. Homelessness, multidrug-resistance, and being African American independently increased the risk of clustering. Most of the identified epidemiologic linkages and 6% of all cases resulted from transmission in hospitals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 21 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 77 IS 5 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0962-8479(96)90112-4 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA VT268 UT WOS:A1996VT26800004 PM 8959143 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Valway, S Onorato, IM AF Miller, MA Valway, S Onorato, IM TI Tuberculosis risk after exposure on airplanes SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; AIR-TRAVEL; OUTBREAK; UNIT AB Setting: Domestic and international air-flights. Objective: To estimate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission aboard aircraft. Design: A contact investigation of passengers and crew from two flights was conducted following identification of a fellow passenger,vith pulmonary TB. Immediate post-exposure and follow-up tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) were obtained. Results: Of 120 contacts, 86 (72%) had a negative TST (<5 mm); 29 (24%) a positive TST (greater than or equal to 5 mm), and 5 (4%) a TST conversion. Of the 29 persons with a positive TST, 27 had other identified risk factors for TB. Risk factors for positive TST included non-US birth (Relative Risk (RR) 9.7 P < 0.01) or history of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination (RR undefined; P < 0.01). Risk was not associated with specific aircraft or seat relative to the index ease for US-born contacts. All five TST converters were born in countries where BCG vaccine is routinely given. Conclusion: The positive TST reactions and conversions suggest boosting from BCG vaccination or prior exposure in TB-endemic countries. Since two positive contacts had no other identified risk factor, TB transmission on board the aircraft could not be excluded. Contact investigation of exposed aircraft passengers should be considered on a case-by-case basis, with consideration of the infectiousness of the ill passenger and the flight circumstances. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 77 IS 5 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S0962-8479(96)90113-6 PG 6 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA VT268 UT WOS:A1996VT26800005 PM 8959144 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Bowen, MD Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Kosoy, MY Peters, CJ AF Fulhorst, CF Bowen, MD Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Kosoy, MY Peters, CJ TI Isolation and characterization of Whitewater Arroyo virus, a novel North American arenavirus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PICHINDE ARENAVIRUS; STRAIN; JUNIN; GENE AB Rodents are principal hosts for each of the well-characterized arenaviruses. Prior to the present study, Tamiami (TAM) virus was the sole arenavirus known to be indigenous to North America; it has been isolated only from southern Florida where its primary host is the cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus. Recently, arenavirus antibody was found in Neotoma albigula woodrats collected from the southwestern United States. The purpose of the present study was to isolate and characterize the arenavirus associated with N. albigula. Three isolates of a novel arenavirus (proposed name ''Whitewater Arroyo,'' WWA) were recovered from two arenavirus antibody-positive N. albigula collected from whitewater Arroyo in McKinley County, New Mexico. Two-way serologic tests indicated that WWA virus is antigenically distinct from other arenaviruses but most closely related to TAM virus. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data showed that WWA virus is a novel arenavirus that is genetically most closely related to TAM virus, The recovery of WWA virus from antibody-positive N. albigula suggests that WWA virus infection in this species can be chronic and thus that N. albigula is a reservoir host of the virus. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,CTR TROP DIS,GALVESTON,TX 77550. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-33983] NR 29 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 224 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0512 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA VP215 UT WOS:A1996VP21500013 PM 8862405 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, KL Peters, CJ Nichol, ST AF Hutchinson, KL Peters, CJ Nichol, ST TI Sin nombre virus mRNA synthesis SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA-SYNTHESIS; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; M-GENOMIC SEGMENT; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSLATIONAL REQUIREMENT; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME AB Sin Nombre (SN) virus is the major etiologic agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a severe respiratory disease with high mortality. Like other hantaviruses, SN virus causes an inapparent chronic infection of the natural rodent reservoir and tends to grow slowly and produce little cytopathic effect even in highly susceptible Vero E6 tissue culture cells. An electrochemiluminescent quantitative PCR approach was developed to allow examination of SN virus RNA transcription in synchronously infected cells. Although virion particles contain equimolar ratios of the three negative-strand genome RNA segments (S, M, and L), rates and levels of accumulation of the corresponding N, GPC, and L viral mRNAs varied. The smallest mRNA (N) was detectable earliest and plateaued al the highest level, where as the largest mRNA (L) appeared latest and at the lowest plateau level. In addition, all three mRNAs were found to share a common 5' capped primer initiation mechanism, but appeared to have different mRNA termination mechanisms. The N mRNA 3' terminus mapped to position 1435 on the S segment, in close proximity to a CCC-rich suspected transcription termination motif. The GPC mRNA 3' terminus contained a poly(A) tail and mapped to a us transcription termination-polyadenylation motif reminiscent of those seen in other negative-strand RNA viruses. Finally, the L mRNA 3' terminus appeared identical to the L segment antigenome 3' terminus. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 53 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 224 IS 1 BP 139 EP 149 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0515 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA VP215 UT WOS:A1996VP21500016 PM 8862408 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Cox, NJ Bender, CA Regnery, HL Shaw, MW AF Xu, XY Cox, NJ Bender, CA Regnery, HL Shaw, MW TI Genetic variation in neuraminidase genes of influenza A (H3N2) viruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A H1N1 VIRUSES; B VIRUS; ANTIGENIC SITES; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; PATHWAYS; PROTECTION; ANTIBODY; LOCATION AB Nucleotide sequences of the neuraminidase (NA) genes of 33 influenza A (H3N2) epidemic strains isolated between 1968 and 1995 were analyzed to determine their evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic analysis using the DNA maximum-likelihood method indicates that the NA genes of recent H3N2 field strains, like their hemagglutinin genes (HA), have evolved as two distinct lineages represented by the vaccine strains, A/Beijing/353/89 and A/Beijing/32/92 (or A/Shanghai/24/90). Furthermore, genetic reassortment of NA genes between the two lineages occurred during their circulation. Genetic reassortants, which bear an A/Beijing/32/92-like HA and an A/Beijing/353/89-like NA, have circulated worldwide and are representative of current influenza A (H3N2) epidemic strains. The mutation rate of the NA gene was found to be 2.28x10(-3) per nucleotide site per year with 42% of the mutations resulting in amino acid substitutions. Thirty-five percent of the amino acid substitutions was located in sites previously suggested to be reactive to antibody. Amino acid residues involved in NA enzyme activity have been conserved. Seven potential glycosylation sites identified in the NA of A/Hong Kong/8/68 virus were conserved by the majority of isolates, with more recently circulating viruses having an additional glycosylation site. Comparison of the rate of amino acid substitutions in the NA stalk to that of entire NA revealed high variability in this region. These findings demonstrate the importance of closely monitoring both the HA and the NA genes of influenza viruses to aid vaccine strain selection. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, INFLUENZA BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 1 PY 1996 VL 224 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.0519 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA VP215 UT WOS:A1996VP21500020 PM 8862412 ER PT J AU Thurman, DJ Jeppson, L Burnett, CL Beaudoin, DE Rheinberger, MM Sniezek, JE AF Thurman, DJ Jeppson, L Burnett, CL Beaudoin, DE Rheinberger, MM Sniezek, JE TI Surveillance of traumatic brain injuries in Utah SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEAD-INJURY; POPULATION; COUNTY; COMA AB From 1990 through 1992 we conducted surveillance of cases requiring hospital admission and of fatal cases of traumatic brain injury among residents of Utah and found an annual incidence rate of 108.8 per 100,000 population. The greatest number of injuries occurred among men and persons aged 15 to 24 years. Motor vehicles were the leading cause of injury, followed by falls and assaults, The incidence rate we found is substantially lower than previously published rates of traumatic brain injury, This may be the result of a decrease in the incidence of these injuries in the decade since earlier studies were done, as well as changing hospital admission criteria that serve to exclude less severe cases of injury, Despite the apparent decline in rates, our findings indicate the continued importance of traumatic brain injury as a public health problem and the need to develop more effective prevention strategies that will address the major causes of these injuries. C1 UTAH DEPT HLTH,DIV COMMUNITY & FAMILY HLTH SERV,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. RP Thurman, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,MAILSTOP F41,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 165 IS 4 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VU111 UT WOS:A1996VU11100001 PM 8987423 ER PT J AU Mascola, L Tormey, M Dassey, D Harvey, S Medina, A Tilzer, A Waterman, S AF Mascola, L Tormey, M Dassey, D Harvey, S Medina, A Tilzer, A Waterman, S TI Vibrio vulnificus infections associated with eating raw oysters - Los Angeles, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 621-624, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,CONSUMER PROD DIV,FOOD & MILK INSPECT PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. CDC,FOODBOURNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BR,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,STATE BR,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP Mascola, L (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PUBL HLTH LAB,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 25 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 12 BP 937 EP 938 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VH990 UT WOS:A1996VH99000012 ER PT J AU Reingold, A Rothrock, G Starr, M Vugia, D Waterman, S Marcus, R Cartter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Bardsley, M Koehler, J Toomey, K Danila, R MacDonald, K Osterholm, M DeBess, E LaddWilson, S Cieslak, P Fleming, D AF Reingold, A Rothrock, G Starr, M Vugia, D Waterman, S Marcus, R Cartter, M Hadler, J Farley, M Bardsley, M Koehler, J Toomey, K Danila, R MacDonald, K Osterholm, M DeBess, E LaddWilson, S Cieslak, P Fleming, D TI Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - United States (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 665-668, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT. CONNECTICUT STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,HARTFORD,CT. ATLANTA METROPOLITAN ACT SURVEILLANCE PROJECT,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414. CDC,OREGON HLTH DIV,STATE BR,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,OFF DIRECTOR,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BR,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,OFF DIRECTOR,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP Reingold, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 25 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 12 BP 938 EP 939 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VH990 UT WOS:A1996VH99000013 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Sutter, RW Strebel, PM Hadler, SC AF Miller, MA Sutter, RW Strebel, PM Hadler, SC TI Cost-effectiveness of incorporating inactivated poliovirus vaccine into the routine childhood immunization schedule SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POLIOMYELITIS; DISEASE AB Objective.-To evaluate the economic consequences of introducing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into the routine vaccination schedule in the United States to reduce vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). Design.-Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness models were formulated to compare the current national 4-dose live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) schedule with a 4-dose IPV schedule or a sequential schedule of 2 doses of IPV followed by 2 doses of OPV. Model assumptions were derived from the National Health Interview Survey (1994), current prices for OPV and IPV, a Delphi panel, compensatory awards by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, and published and unpublished reports. Main Outcome Measures.-Annual societal incremental cost relative to the current schedule for the cost-benefit model; cost per VAPP case prevented for the cost-effectiveness model. Results.-Changing to an IPV-only or a sequential schedule would cost $28.1 million and $14.7 million, respectively. The costs per case of VAPP prevented were estimated as $3.0 million and $3.1 million for each option, respectively. Outcomes were most sensitive to the number of additional visits that may occur to avoid multiple injections. Conclusions. The introduction of IPV into the routine vaccination schedule would not be cost-beneficial at current vaccine prices and with the current compensation awards paid to VAPP cases. The analysis provides a range of costs that policymakers need to consider if they wish to prevent VAPP. Although these costs are higher than those of other public health prevention programs, they may be justified because VAPP continues to occur as a result of government-mandated vaccination policies in the absence of known wild poliovirus transmission in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 25 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 12 BP 967 EP 971 DI 10.1001/jama.276.12.967 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VH990 UT WOS:A1996VH99000037 PM 8805731 ER PT J AU Murthy, KK Cobb, EK ElAmad, Z Ortega, H Hsueh, FC Satterfield, W Lee, DR Kalish, ML Haigwood, NL Kennedy, RC Steimer, KS Schultz, A Levy, JA AF Murthy, KK Cobb, EK ElAmad, Z Ortega, H Hsueh, FC Satterfield, W Lee, DR Kalish, ML Haigwood, NL Kennedy, RC Steimer, KS Schultz, A Levy, JA TI Titration of a vaccine stock preparation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1(SF2) in cultured lymphocytes and in chimpanzees SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ANTI-HIV ACTIVITY; PERSISTENT INFECTION; GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; CHALLENGE; PROTECTION; PREVENTION; CELLS; AIDS AB A large stock preparation of the HIV-1(SF2) isolate has been derived after serial passage in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This viral stock has a titer of 10(4.9) TCID50 in human PBMCs and 10(4.2) TCID50 in chimpanzee PBMCs, Bg inoculation into animals the 50% chimpanzee infectious dose titer was found to be about 10(2.3). Virus isolation from animals was achieved on most occasions within 1-4 weeks after inoculation and then became transient, Viral RNA and DNA PCR analyses confirmed the virus infection of the chimpanzees, Anti-HIV antibody levels in the inoculated animals ranged from 1:400 to 1:6400 as measured by ELISA, About 680 vials of this stock preparation, frozen at -190 degrees C, are available for future studies of vaccines and antiviral therapies. C1 CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CANC RES INST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV TEXAS,MD ANDERSON CANC CTR,DEPT VET SCI,BASTROP,TX 78602. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO,SEATTLE,WA 98121. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. NIAID,VACCINE BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP Murthy, KK (reprint author), SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT VIROL & IMMUNOL,POB 760549,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78245, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24286, AI-05060, AI-26462] NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP 20 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1089/aid.1996.12.1341 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VJ248 UT WOS:A1996VJ24800006 PM 8891113 ER PT J AU Robbins, KE Bandea, CI Levin, A Goedert, JJ Blattner, WA Brubaker, G Brown, TM Schochetman, G Kalish, ML Shao, J OBrien, TR AF Robbins, KE Bandea, CI Levin, A Goedert, JJ Blattner, WA Brubaker, G Brown, TM Schochetman, G Kalish, ML Shao, J OBrien, TR TI Genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in rural northwest Tanzania SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY C1 ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP,RES TRIANGLE INST UNIT,LONDON EC1M 6AH,ENGLAND. SHIRATI HOSP,SHIRATI,TANZANIA. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HHS,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV AIDS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & TB LAB RES,NATL CTR INFECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCI NIH HHS [NIC-CP-EB-85603-57, N0I-CP-33005] NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP 20 PY 1996 VL 12 IS 14 BP 1389 EP 1391 DI 10.1089/aid.1996.12.1389 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VJ248 UT WOS:A1996VJ24800013 PM 8891120 ER PT J AU Tappero, JW Reporter, R Wenger, JD Ward, BA Reeves, MW Missbach, TS Plikaytis, BD Mascola, L Schuchat, A AF Tappero, JW Reporter, R Wenger, JD Ward, BA Reeves, MW Missbach, TS Plikaytis, BD Mascola, L Schuchat, A TI Meningococcal disease in Los Angeles County, California, and among men in the county jails SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; SEROGROUP-C; RISK-FACTORS; CARRIAGE; EPIDEMIC; TUBERCULOSIS; POPULATION; INFECTION; INFLUENZA AB Background From January through March 1993, there were 54 cases of meningococcal disease in Los Angeles County, California, of which 9 occurred among men incarcerated in the county's jail system, which was 40 percent above capacity at the time. Several of the 45 patients from the community had had contact with men recently released from a county jail. Methods We interviewed patients from the community (n = 42) and neighborhood controls matched with the patients for age, race, and ethnic group (n = 84) about potential exposures. We collected and cultured pharyngeal swabs for Neisseria meningitidis from men entering the central jail (n = 162), men leaving the central jail (n = 379), members of the jail staff (n = 121), and patients at a community health center (n = 214). Meningococcal isolates were identified by serogrouping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Results The presence of community-acquired meningococcal disease was strongly associated with exposure to a person who had been in or worked at one of the county jails (multivariate matched odds ratio, 18.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 90.8; P<0.001). Pharyngeal carriage of meningococcus was significantly more frequent among men released from jail (19 percent) or entering jail (17 percent) than among workers at the jails (3 percent) or community residents seen at the clinic (1 percent). Among men entering jail, those who had previously been incarcerated were more often carriers than those who had not (21 percent vs. 7 percent, P = 0.03). Of the isolates from nine community residents with serogroup C meningococcal disease, eight were the same strain as that isolated from the eight inmates with serogroup C disease. Conclusions In this outbreak of meningococcal disease in Los Angeles County, nearly half of community residents with the disease had contact with persons who had been in a county jail. The high rates of carriage among recidivists and released inmates suggest that the men became meningococcal carriers while in jail. (C) 1996, Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PUBL HLTH PROGRAMS & SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. NR 53 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 19 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 12 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1056/NEJM199609193351201 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VG869 UT WOS:A1996VG86900001 PM 8778600 ER PT J AU Miller, B AF Miller, B TI Tuberculin skin testing of hospital workers SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Miller, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 18 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 11 BP 855 EP 855 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF787 UT WOS:A1996VF78700003 PM 8782619 ER PT J AU Forszpaniak, CS Harbourne, KS Nolan, JF Puerto, J DeLaRivahererra, AM Rubin, M Taylor, K Liebert, CW Neumann, M Crowley, M Laliberte, M Burton, M Polkowski, J Hlady, G Hopkins, R AF Forszpaniak, CS Harbourne, KS Nolan, JF Puerto, J DeLaRivahererra, AM Rubin, M Taylor, K Liebert, CW Neumann, M Crowley, M Laliberte, M Burton, M Polkowski, J Hlady, G Hopkins, R TI Human rabies - Florida, 1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 719-720, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLLIER CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,NAPLES,FL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV APPL PUBL HLTH TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Forszpaniak, CS (reprint author), NAPLES COMMUNITY HOSP,350 7TH ST N,NAPLES,FL 33940, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 18 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 11 BP 865 EP 866 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF787 UT WOS:A1996VF78700013 ER PT J AU Weinstein, M Low, DE McGeer, A Willey, B Rose, D Coulter, M Wyper, P Borczyk, A Lovgren, M AF Weinstein, M Low, DE McGeer, A Willey, B Rose, D Coulter, M Wyper, P Borczyk, A Lovgren, M TI Invasive infection with Streptococcus iniae - Ontario, 1995-1996 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 45, pg 653, 1996) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SHILOI; FISH C1 UNIV TORONTO,PRINCESS MARGARET HOSP,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. CANADIAN BACTERIAL DIS NETWORK,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. SCARBOROUGH GRACE HOSP,SCARBOROUGH,ON,CANADA. PUBL HLTH LAB ONTARIO,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. NATL REFERENCE CTR STREPTOCOCCUS,LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Weinstein, M (reprint author), UNIV TORONTO,MT SINAI HOSP,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 18 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 11 BP 866 EP 867 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF787 UT WOS:A1996VF78700014 ER PT J AU Irwin, K Olivo, N Schable, CA Weber, JT Janssen, R Ernst, J BekoeTabiri, S Benjamin, F Carniciu, S Chavaria, C Chiriboga, V Disla, M Fernandez, A Ganea, C Martinez, G Parsons, R Rosario, F Rothman, W Santos, W Shulman, R Vasquez, Y Brown, K Cowart, F Daugharty, A Edeline, M Lewis, E McRae, B Raimondi, V Wells, L Winter, R Minor, P AF Irwin, K Olivo, N Schable, CA Weber, JT Janssen, R Ernst, J BekoeTabiri, S Benjamin, F Carniciu, S Chavaria, C Chiriboga, V Disla, M Fernandez, A Ganea, C Martinez, G Parsons, R Rosario, F Rothman, W Santos, W Shulman, R Vasquez, Y Brown, K Cowart, F Daugharty, A Edeline, M Lewis, E McRae, B Raimondi, V Wells, L Winter, R Minor, P TI Performance characteristics of a rapid HIV antibody assay in a hospital with a high prevalence of HIV infection SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TESTS AB Background: The delay between collection of blood samples and availability of test results may be as long as 3 weeks and is one barrier to the acceptance of voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Serologic tests that provide results rapidly could overcome this barrier, but the accuracy and reliability of rapid tests have not been well characterized in the United States. Objective: To evaluate, in a ''real world'' setting, the performance characteristics of a rapid HIV assay that reduces the need for patients to return for counseling after the test. Design: Testing of HIV antibodies by rapid and nonrapid assays and survey about risk behaviors for HIV. Setting: A hospital in Bronx, New York, with a high prevalence of HIV-seropositive patients. Patients: 837 patients who were not known to be infected with HIV, had not been admitted for conditions related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and agreed to participate in HIV testing and an interview. Measurements: Sensitivity and specificity of a rapid HIV antibody assay based on comparisons with nonrapid assay and Western blot assay. Results: According to nonrapid assays, 5.4% of patients were infected with HIV. The rapid assay was highly accurate in this sample overall: Its sensitivity was 1.00, its specificity was 0.991, its positive predictive value was 0.865, and its negative predictive value was 1.00. The assay was also highly accurate in various subgroups. Conclusions: Accurate, rapid tests for HIV infection may enhance testing programs by preventing the need for delayed counseling of seronegative patients and by providing preliminary results to seropositive patients. These preliminary results may encourage patients to return for confirmatory test results and to adopt risk-reducing behaviors sooner. RP Irwin, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-45,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU206797] NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 125 IS 6 BP 471 EP 475 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF882 UT WOS:A1996VF88200008 PM 8779459 ER PT J AU Nicholson, J Kidd, P Mandy, F Livnat, D Kagan, J AF Nicholson, J Kidd, P Mandy, F Livnat, D Kagan, J TI Three-color supplement to the NIAID DAIDS guideline for flow cytometric immunophenotyping SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article ID SUBSETS; AIDS AB Since the publication of the ''NIAID DAIDS Guideline for Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping'' (1) in 1993, significant scientific and technological advances in the development and production of reagents, instrumentation, and software have permitted widespread access to multicolor flow cytometry in both research and clinical laboratories. As is often the case with complex new technologies, each advance, while opening up exciting new capabilities, can also bring new sources of variability and a commensurate increase in the requirements for quality assurance at all levels. The purpose of this document is to update the 1993 NIAID DAIDS Guideline with new recommendations designed to help standardize the methodology and minimize measurement variability in determining patients' CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts using 3-color flow cytometry. Issues pertaining to specimen collection and handling, problematic specimens, hematology, and laboratory performance assessment were addressed in the previous guideline.(1) In assembling this supplement, factors such as reduced technician time, decreased need for isotype controls, fewer assay tubes, and the potential for diminished cost were considered advantages of 3-color (vs. 2-color) flow cytometry. In contrast, the increased complexity of factors such as spectral compensation, instrument set up, and data collection/analysis were considered disadvantages. In addition, some antibody combinations are not commercially available, and certain third-color fluorochromes may not be optimal with all flow cytometers. The specifications and recommendations contained herein were developed for use in laboratories that support clinical trials and epidemiologic studies done under the auspices of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of AIDS (NIAID DAIDS). Efforts currently underway by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) will likely provide additional guidance in this rapidly changing arena. C1 NIAID,DIV AIDS,NIH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ. HLTH & WELF CANADA,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-45175] NR 5 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 26 IS 3 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19960915)26:3<227::AID-CYTO8>3.0.CO;2-B PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA VH823 UT WOS:A1996VH82300008 PM 8889396 ER PT J AU Smith, SJ AF Smith, SJ TI Symposium on small area statistics in public health: Design, analysis, graphic and spatial methods - Preface SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Smith, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1827 EP 1828 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960915)15:17<1827::AID-SIM392>3.0.CO;2-O PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA VG312 UT WOS:A1996VG31200001 ER PT J AU Snider, DE AF Snider, DE TI Symposium on small area statistics in public health: Design, analysis, graphic and spatial methods - Introduction and welcome SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Snider, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1835 EP 1836 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960915)15:17<1835::AID-SIM394>3.0.CO;2-N PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA VG312 UT WOS:A1996VG31200002 ER PT J AU Hendricks, SA Wassell, JT Collins, JW Sedlak, SL AF Hendricks, SA Wassell, JT Collins, JW Sedlak, SL TI Power determination for geographically clustered data using generalized estimating equations SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Statistical Methods - Small Area Statistics in Public Health: Design, Analysis, Graphic and Spatial Methods CY 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry ID QUASI-LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; LINEAR-MODELS; INTERVENTION; TERATOLOGY AB Study designs in public health research often require the estimation of intervention effects that have been applied to a cluster of subjects in a common geographic area, rather than randomly assigned to individual subjects, and where the outcome is dichotomous. Statistical methods that account for the intracluster correlation of measurements must be used or the standard errors of regression coefficients will be underestimated. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) can be used to account for this correlation, although there are no straightforward methods to determine sample-size requirements for adequate power. A simulation study was performed to calculate power in a GEE model for a proposed study of the effect of an intervention, designed to reduce lower-back injuries among nursing personnel employed in nursing homes. Nursing homes will be randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group and all employees within a nursing home will be treated alike. Historical injury data indicates that the baseline-injury risk for each home can be reasonably modelled using a beta distribution. It is assumed that the risk for any individual nurse within a nursing home follows a Bernoulli probability distribution expressed as a legit function of fixed covariates, which have values of odds ratios determined from previous studies which represent characteristics of the study population, and a random-intercept term which is specific for each home. Results indicate that failure to account for intracluster correlation can lead to overestimates of power as well as inflation of type I error by as much as 20 per cent. Although the GEE method accounted for the intracluster correlation when present, estimates of the intracluster correlation were negatively biased when no intracluster correlation was present. In addition, and possibly related to the negatively biased estimates of intracluster correlation, we also found inflated type I error estimates from the GEE method. RP Hendricks, SA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1951 EP 1960 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960930)15:18<1951::AID-SIM407>3.0.CO;2-P PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA VG312 UT WOS:A1996VG31200014 PM 8888487 ER PT J AU Croner, CM Sperling, J Broome, FR AF Croner, CM Sperling, J Broome, FR TI Geographic information systems (GIS): New perspectives in understanding human health and environmental relationships SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Statistical Methods - Small Area Statistics in Public Health: Design, Analysis, Graphic and Spatial Methods CY 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry ID RISK AB Geographic information systems (GIS) and digital computer technology will advance the mission of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to protect public health. Geographic positioning, topology, and planar and surface measurements are basic GIS properties which enable highly precise locational referencing of spatial phenomena. The growing uses of remotely sensed imagery and satellite facilitated global positioning systems are contributing to unprecedented surveillance of the environment and greater understanding of known and suspected environmental disease associations with human and animal health. Earth science and public health monitoring GIS databases offer new analytic opportunities for disease assessment and prevention. C1 US BUR CENSUS,GEOG DIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20233. RP Croner, CM (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ROOM 915,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1996 VL 15 IS 17-18 BP 1961 EP 1977 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19960930)15:18<1961::AID-SIM408>3.0.CO;2-L PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA VG312 UT WOS:A1996VG31200015 PM 8888488 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Graham, NE AF Diaz, HF Graham, NE TI Recent changes in tropical freezing heights and the role of sea surface temperature SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; RETREAT; PACIFIC; PERU AB A WIDESPREAD retreat of alpine glaciers' and melting of tropical ice-cap margins(2-7) has been observed in recent decades, over which time a general climate warming at lower altitudes has been documented(8). Moreover, some ice-core records provide evidence suggesting that mid-tropospheric temperatures in the tropics have been greater in recent decades than at any time during the past 2,000-3,000 years(7). Here we examine the processes controlling mountain glacier retreat by comparing high-altitude air-temperature measurements for the past few decades, to the temperatures predicted by a model atmosphere forced by the observed global pattern of sea surface temperature in a 19-year simulation(9). The comparison strongly indicates that the observed changes in freezing-level height (the altitude of the 0 degrees C isotherm) are related to a long-term (over decades) increase in sea surface temperature in the tropics, and the consequent enhancement of the tropical hydrological cycle. Although changes in this cycle are likely to affect high-elevation hydrological and ecological balances worldwide(10,11), tropical environments may be particularly sensitive because the changes in tropical sea surface temperature and humidity may be largest and most systematic at low latitudes. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV CLIMATE RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 25 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 11 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA 4 LITTLE ESSEX STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND WC2R 3LF SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 12 PY 1996 VL 383 IS 6596 BP 152 EP 155 DI 10.1038/383152a0 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA VG148 UT WOS:A1996VG14800046 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Slutsker, L Hedberg, CW MacDonald, KL Osterholm, MT AF Hennessy, TW Slutsker, L Hedberg, CW MacDonald, KL Osterholm, MT TI An outbreak of Salmonella infection from ice cream - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 12 PY 1996 VL 335 IS 11 BP 824 EP 825 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF786 UT WOS:A1996VF78600029 ER PT J AU Simonds, RJ Edlin, BR Rogers, MF AF Simonds, RJ Edlin, BR Rogers, MF TI Preventing perinatal HIV transmission - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP Simonds, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 11 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 10 BP 779 EP 780 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF219 UT WOS:A1996VF21900013 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Kann, L Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ AF Lowry, R Kann, L Collins, JL Kolbe, LJ TI The effect of socioeconomic status on chronic disease risk behaviors among US adolescents SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEALTH PROMOTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; UNITED-STATES; EDUCATION; SMOKING; CHILDHOOD; ADULTHOOD; CANCER; DISPARITIES AB Objective.-To examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and risk behaviors for chronic disease among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States. Design.-Household survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey supplement to the 1992 National Health Interview Survey. Setting.-United States. Participants.-Nationally representative sample of 6321 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Main Outcome Measures.-Standardized prevalence rates and logistic and multiple regression models were used to examine the effect of educational level of the responsible adult and family income on 5 risk behaviors for chronic disease among adolescents-cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive consumption of foods high in fat, and episodic heavy drinking of alcohol. Results.-Most adolescents (63%) reported 2 or more of the 5 risk behaviors. Controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and school enrollment status of adolescents, as the educational level of the responsible adult increased, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were less likely among adolescents. Among girls, but not boys, consumption of foods high in fat decreased as education of the responsible adult increased. As family income increased, adolescents were less likely to smoke cigarettes, less likely to be sedentary, and less likely to engage in episodic heavy drinking. Conclusion.-Among adolescents, risk behaviors for chronic disease are common and inversely related to socioeconomic status. Improved community- and school-based programs to prevent such behaviors among adolescents are needed, especially among socially and economically disadvantaged youth. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 47 TC 223 Z9 228 U1 5 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 11 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 10 BP 792 EP 797 DI 10.1001/jama.276.10.792 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF219 UT WOS:A1996VF21900025 PM 8769588 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI The birth of serological testing for hepatitis B virus infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID AUSTRALIA-ANTIGEN RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP G37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 11 PY 1996 VL 276 IS 10 BP 845 EP 846 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF219 UT WOS:A1996VF21900038 ER PT J AU Cieslak, PR Curtis, MB Coulombier, DM Hathcock, AL Bean, NH Tauxe, RV AF Cieslak, PR Curtis, MB Coulombier, DM Hathcock, AL Bean, NH Tauxe, RV TI Preventable disease in correctional facilities - Desmoteric foodborne outbreaks in the United States, 1974-1991 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; JAIL; PATHOGENS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC AB Background: Various disease outbreaks have been reported among prisoners. Recent foodborne outbreaks in correctional facilities in Georgia and Delaware prompted us to review the epidemiological characteristics of such outbreaks reported in the United States. Methods: Foodborne outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of routine surveillance from 1974 to 1991 were examined to identify outbreaks in jails, prisons, correctional facilities, and juvenile detention centers. Outbreak sizes, temporal trends, food vehicles, pathogens, and hygienic transgressions were analyzed. Results: Eighty-eight desmoteric foodborne outbreaks involving 14 307 cases of illness were reported from 31 states and territories. The mean outbreak size was 163 cases, compared with a mean of 31 cases for the 9107 reported outbreaks not involving prisoners. No fatalities among prisoners were reported. No pathogen was identified in 47 (53%) of the 88 outbreaks. Salmonella species accounted for 15 (37%) of 41 outbreaks of known cause from 1974 to 1991, Clostridium perfringens for 14 (34%), and Staphylococcus aurcus for 9 (22%). Fourteen of 15 Salmonella outbreaks occurred from 1984 to 1991. Food vehicles were reported for 63 (72%) of the outbreaks. Beef and poultry each were implicated in 9 (14%) of these, followed by fish or poultry salads and Mexican food, which accounted for 6 outbreaks (10%). Food-handling errors were reported for 69 (78%) of the 88 outbreaks. Improper food storage was reported in 62 (90%) of these. Conclusions: Foodborne outbreaks are reported regularly from correctional facilities in the United States. Outbreaks caused by Salmonella species, a special threat to prisoners with human immunodeficiency virus infection, seem to be increasing. Food production in correctional facilities should meet minimum safety standards, including sufficient refrigeration facilities, training of food handlers, and exemption of ill food handlers from work. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. DELAWARE DIV PUBL HLTH,DOVER,DE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD SEP 9 PY 1996 VL 156 IS 16 BP 1883 EP 1888 DI 10.1001/archinte.156.16.1883 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA VF627 UT WOS:A1996VF62700014 PM 8790084 ER PT J AU Cattledge, GH Schneiderman, A Stanevich, R Hendricks, S Greenwood, J AF Cattledge, GH Schneiderman, A Stanevich, R Hendricks, S Greenwood, J TI Nonfatal occupational fall injuries in the West Virginia construction industry SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Descriptive analyses were conducted using the West Virginia workers' compensation and supplemental injury records to assess nonfatal occupational falls from elevated work surfaces in the construction industry. These analyses are based on the 182 fall injuries reported to the State workers' compensation during fiscal year 1991 for which there were complete supplemental injury data. County-specific injury rates were calculated for counties with six or more fall injuries. Most of these incidents occurred among young white males who were employed as either craftsmen and kindred workers (48%) or laborers (33%) on non-union jobs in the general construction category (SIC-15). The counties with the highest injury rates that exceed the State rate of 5.9 per 1000 construction workers were located around or near the major industrial areas of Kanawha and Monongalia counties. Of the 182 claimants in the study population, one-third had been employed in their occupation for 2 years or less. For 60% of the claimants, the length of employment with the company for which they were employed at the time of the fall injury was two years or less; 26% had been employed for six months or less. Approximately, 63% of the 182 claimants had received some type of fall protection training. Ladders and scaffolds were involved in 50% of all falls. Fall protection devices were not commonly used by the 182 construction workers who worked from elevated surfaces. Fifty percent of the claimants were using tools or handling materials when the fall occurred. Fifty-nine percent of the falls occurred from elevated work surfaces which were relatively low heights (less than or equal to 10 feet) where few safety regulations apply even though the potential for a serious injury still exists. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,AMER SCH PUBL HLTH,INTERNSHIP PROGRAM,MORGANTOWN,WV. W VIRGINIA WORKERS COMPENSAT FUND,CHARLESTON,WV. RP Cattledge, GH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,M-S 1133,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 12 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 28 IS 5 BP 655 EP 663 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(96)00026-7 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA VM996 UT WOS:A1996VM99600012 PM 8899047 ER PT J AU Conley, LJ Bush, TJ Buchbinder, SP Penley, KA Judson, FN Holmberg, SD AF Conley, LJ Bush, TJ Buchbinder, SP Penley, KA Judson, FN Holmberg, SD TI The association between cigarette smoking and selected HIV-related medical conditions SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE cigarette smoking; AIDS; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; hairy leukoplakia; oral candidiasis; pneumonia ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA; ORAL CANDIDIASIS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; INFECTION; AIDS; COHORTS AB Objective: To clarify the effect of cigarette smoking on the development of conditions associated with HIV infection. Design: Prospective and retrospective cohort study, with interview and examination twice a year since 1988. Methods: Data on 516 HIV-infected men from cohorts of homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco, Denver and Chicago, who were repeatedly interviewed and examined between 1988 and 1992, were analysed. After excluding men who did not have well-defined dates of seroconversion and those who were classified as ex- or intermittent smokers, 232 men remained for analysis: 106 were smokers and 126 were non-smokers. Univariate and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed to assess the relationship between cigarette smoking and loss of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, diagnosis of any AIDS-defining illness, and specific diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and community-acquired pneumonia. Results: By univariate analyses, cigarette smoking was not associated with clinical AIDS, loss of CD4+ cells, Kaposi's sarcoma or PCP, but was significantly associated with oral candidiasis [relative risk (RR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.70], hairy leukoplakia (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15-1.99), and community-acquired pneumonia (RR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.30-5.27). Dose-response effect was also evident for these three conditions (all P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated no association between cigarette smoking and time of progression to clinical AIDS, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), or PCP (P = 0.62, 0.54 and 0.11, respectively) but showed that cigarette smokers developed oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and pneumonia more quickly than non-smokers (P = 0.031, 0.006 and 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was not associated with an increased likelihood or rate of developing KS, PCP or AIDS, but was associated with developing community-acquired pneumonia, oral candidiasis, and hairy leukoplakia in these HIV-infected men. C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80202. RP Conley, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1996 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1121 EP 1126 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VE790 UT WOS:A1996VE79000010 PM 8874629 ER PT J AU Kitayaporn, D Kaewkungwal, J Bejrachandra, S Rungroung, E Chandanayinyong, D Mastro, TD AF Kitayaporn, D Kaewkungwal, J Bejrachandra, S Rungroung, E Chandanayinyong, D Mastro, TD TI Estimated rate of HIV-1-infectious but seronegative blood donations in Bangkok, Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; blood banks; blood donors; blood transfusion; HIV; incidence; prevalence; Thailand ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1; DONORS; TRANSFUSION; INFECTION; RISK; HIV; PREVALENCE; NIGERIA; AIDS AB Objectives: To determine HIV seroprevalence and incidence among various blood donor types, and to estimate the rate of window-period blood donations. Design: Retrospective cohort from computerized donor records. Methods: Records were analysed from all 60 483 donors (contributing 97 464 donor units) at a public university teaching hospital blood bank in Bangkok, Thailand, from 1 January 1990 to 30 June 1993. Annual HIV incidence among 14 482 repeat donors who were HIV-seronegative on their first donation was calculated assuming equal probability of seroconversion between last seronegative and first seropositive donations. To estimate the probability of window-period donations, we assumed that the time from HIV infectivity to onset of detectable antibody was 45 days. Results: In 1990, HIV incidence calculated for all repeat donors was 307 per 100 000 person-years; the probability of a window-period donation was 38 in 100 000 donations or one in 2644 donations. During 1991-1993, this probability decreased by one-half. However, one-time donors were more than twice as likely as repeat donors to be HIV-l-seropositive. Conclusions: The rate of HIV window-period blood donations among Thai repeat donors was relatively high compared with that in developed countries and was probably even higher among one-time donors. Improved donor deferral criteria are needed in Thailand. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,RAJAMANGALA INST TECHNOL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Kitayaporn, D (reprint author), HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,88-7 SOI BAMRASNARADURA,TIVANON RD,NONTHABURI 11000,THAILAND. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1996 VL 10 IS 10 BP 1157 EP 1162 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VE790 UT WOS:A1996VE79000015 PM 8874634 ER PT J AU Matheson, PB Thomas, PA Abrams, EJ Pliner, V Lambert, G Bamji, M Krasinski, K Steketee, R Chiasson, MA Thea, DM Beatrice, ST DeBernardo, E Hutchison, S McVeigh, K Oleszko, W Punsalang, A Alford, T Betre, A Capelli, M Courtland, R Cruz, N Floyd, J FoyeSousou, V Jackson, L Jessop, DJ Lopez, D Macias, L Ng, D Nelson, K Rios, J Rosenbluth, L Savory, R Tadros, H Weedon, J Young, S Zhang, ZR Daligadu, M Hoover, W Pollack, H Belmore, A Carrasquillio, N Champion, S Floyd, J Freedland, C Heagarty, M Lovich, S Nicholas, S Prince, P Rogers, A Suarez, M Chow, J Kaul, A Nachman, S Shah, K Ahmed, S Agustin, E Henriquez, R Sacharzky, E Losub, SI Brotman, R Blanch, S Brutus, J Day, C Hutson, D Rhinehart, W Simon, R Turkell, V Grimm, KT Crane, M Campbell, P Davila, S Dobrosycki, J Grant, D Hand, I Harish, Z Harris, A Nieves, M Soloman, L Steiner, A Wiznia, A Greenberg, B Sivapalasingham, M Nacarato, M Brooks, G Nicholson, M Mayers, M Schoenbaum, E George, R Kilbourne, B Ou, CY Petent, J Moore, J Rogers, M Schable, C Shaffer, N Smith, L Straus, W AF Matheson, PB Thomas, PA Abrams, EJ Pliner, V Lambert, G Bamji, M Krasinski, K Steketee, R Chiasson, MA Thea, DM Beatrice, ST DeBernardo, E Hutchison, S McVeigh, K Oleszko, W Punsalang, A Alford, T Betre, A Capelli, M Courtland, R Cruz, N Floyd, J FoyeSousou, V Jackson, L Jessop, DJ Lopez, D Macias, L Ng, D Nelson, K Rios, J Rosenbluth, L Savory, R Tadros, H Weedon, J Young, S Zhang, ZR Daligadu, M Hoover, W Pollack, H Belmore, A Carrasquillio, N Champion, S Floyd, J Freedland, C Heagarty, M Lovich, S Nicholas, S Prince, P Rogers, A Suarez, M Chow, J Kaul, A Nachman, S Shah, K Ahmed, S Agustin, E Henriquez, R Sacharzky, E Losub, SI Brotman, R Blanch, S Brutus, J Day, C Hutson, D Rhinehart, W Simon, R Turkell, V Grimm, KT Crane, M Campbell, P Davila, S Dobrosycki, J Grant, D Hand, I Harish, Z Harris, A Nieves, M Soloman, L Steiner, A Wiznia, A Greenberg, B Sivapalasingham, M Nacarato, M Brooks, G Nicholson, M Mayers, M Schoenbaum, E George, R Kilbourne, B Ou, CY Petent, J Moore, J Rogers, M Schable, C Shaffer, N Smith, L Straus, W TI Heterosexual behavior during pregnancy and perinatal transmission of HIV-1 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE perinatal HIV-1 transmission; heterosexual behavior; condom use ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; SEXUAL PARTNERS; TYPE-1; INFECTION; SUBTYPES; VARIANTS; INFANTS; MOTHERS; AIDS AB Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal heterosexual activity during pregnancy and perinatal transmission of HIV-1. Design: A retrospective analysis of 175 New York City HIV-1-seropositive women enrolled during pregnancy or immediately post-partum from 1986 to 1994 in a prospective cohort study. Methods: Frequency of heterosexual intercourse and condom use during pregnancy was determined from self-report measures. Unprotected intercourse was defined as follows: 'none', consistent condom use or abstinence; 'moderate', inconsistent condom use and fewer than 80 episodes of intercourse; and 'high', inconsistent condom use and 80 or more episodes. Results: The rate of perinatal HIV-1 transmission was 9.1% (four out of 44) among women with no unprotected intercourse during pregnancy, 22.2% (20 out of 90) among those with moderate frequency, and 39.0% (16 out of 41) among those with high frequency (P < 0.01). The relative risk (RR) of perinatal transmission was higher among women with moderate [RR, 2.4; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 0.9-6.7] and high frequency of unprotected sexual intercourse (RR, 4.3; 95% Cl, 1.6-11.8) compared with women with no unprotected sexual intercourse. When potential covariates (maternal injecting drug use, CD4 lymphocyte count, AIDS, zidovudine use, pelvic inflammatory disease or sexually transmitted disease during pregnancy, delivery mode, and extreme prematurity) were included in a logistic regression model (n = 128), the rate of perinatal transmission remained significantly higher among women with any unprotected sexual intercourse during pregnancy. Conclusions: Data suggest that unprotected sexual intercourse during pregnancy influences perinatal HIV-1 transmission. C1 MED & HLTH RES ASSOC NYC INC,NEW YORK,NY. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY. NYU,BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. MT SINAI HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10029. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,DEPT MED,BRONX,NY 10457. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10467. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Matheson, PB (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,MIT NYC PERINATL HIV TRANSMISS COLLABORAT GRP,BOX 44,125 WORTH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. FU PHS HHS [064 CCU 200937] NR 38 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1996 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1249 EP 1256 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA VH722 UT WOS:A1996VH72200011 PM 8883587 ER PT J AU Scherr, PA AF Scherr, PA TI Approaches to the prevention of Alzheimer disease SO ALZHEIMER DISEASE & ASSOCIATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fisher Symposium on Strategies for the Prevention of Alzheimer Disease, at Alzheimers Disease Research Planning Meeting III CY NOV 30-DEC 02, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MD DE Alzheimer disease; prevention; intervention AB Once preventive measures for Alzheimer disease are identified, there will be great pressure to implement programs to reduce the impact of the disease. The development of effective programs will require detailed information on the characteristics of the disease, which can be collected now, and on the characteristics of the intervention which should be collected during the intervention trial. Without this information, the implementation of an effective prevention program would be needlessly delayed. RP Scherr, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,MS-K51,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0893-0341 J9 ALZ DIS ASSOC DIS JI Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Dis. PD FAL PY 1996 VL 10 SU 1 BP 17 EP 18 DI 10.1097/00002093-199601031-00005 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA VF274 UT WOS:A1996VF27400005 PM 8876783 ER PT J AU Baron, PA AF Baron, PA TI Application of the thoracic sampling definition to fiber measurement SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fibers; measurement; thoracic fraction ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ASBESTOS; EXPOSURE; INLETS; DUST; RATS AB As part of a consideration of the sampling method for refractory ceramic fibers, calculations were carried out at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to evaluate different approaches to fiber measurement. The most common technique for estimating fibers that can reach the lungs is to use an upper diameter limit of 3 Cim in the phase contrast optical microscope counting rules. Calculations were carried out to estimate the aerodynamic diameter of fibers in several lognormal size distributions likely to occur in workplaces. Using these size distributions, the use of a 3 mu m fiber diameter upper limit in the counting rules was compared with results expected from a sampler designed to collect fibers according to the thoracic definition, which is based on the aerodynamic diameter of compact particles. The other limits in the optical counting procedure, i.e., counting only fibers longer than 5 mu m and thicker than 0.25 mu m, were included in the calculations. The calculations indicate that the 3 mu m upper diameter counting rule agrees with the thoracic definition within about +/- 25% for a wide range of possible fiber size distributions. The advantages of using a sampler designed to coiled the thoracic fiber size fraction include reducing analyst decision making (all fibers collected would be counted) and reducing the nonthoracic particles on the sample, making the sample easier to analyze. Until thoracic samplers are available for fibrous aerosols, incorporating the 3 mu m upper diameter limit as part of the criteria for counting fibers may serve as a surrogate for thoracic sampling. RP Baron, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 57 IS 9 BP 820 EP 824 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1996)057<0820:AOTTSD>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VL802 UT WOS:A1996VL80200009 PM 8865590 ER PT J AU Bowman, BA Bern, C Philen, RM AF Bowman, BA Bern, C Philen, RM TI Nothing's simple about malnutrition: Complexities raised by epidemic neuropathy in Cuba SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Bowman, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,DIV NUTR & PHYS ACT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 64 IS 3 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VE607 UT WOS:A1996VE60700021 PM 8780352 ER PT J AU Kuczmarski, RJ AF Kuczmarski, RJ TI Bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements as part of a national nutrition survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National-Institutes-of-Health-Technology-Assessment Conference on Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Body Composition Measurement CY DEC 12-14, 1994 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIDDKD, NIH, Off Med Applicat Res, NICHHD, NIA, NHLBI, USDA DE nutrition surveys; body composition; bioelectrical impedance; BIA; anthropometry; skinfold thickness; NHANES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; prediction equations ID HUMAN-BODY COMPOSITION; NHANES-III; HEALTH; WATER; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; VALIDATION; SKINFOLDS; FATNESS; DENSITY AB Since 1960 the National Center for Health Statistics has conducted seven national health examination surveys. All surveys included anthropometry. As the relations between various chronic diseases and body composition have been recognized, there has been considerable interest in assessing body composition in health examinations on the basis of nationally representative probability samples. I focus on considerations that influenced the decision to include bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in a national nutrition survey. Tetrapolar, single-frequency (50 kHz) BIA was included in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) for persons aged greater than or equal to 12 y, resulting in > 17 000 resistance and reactance measures in non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American subjects. The usefulness of these data in producing national reference distributions for lean body mass and fat mass, however, is currently limited by the uncertain availability of generalizable, valid, reliable, cross-validated prediction equations for various age, sex, and racial-ethnic groups. RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT, 6525 BELCREST RD, ROOM 900, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 64 IS 3 SU S BP 453 EP 458 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA VE984 UT WOS:A1996VE98400010 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Powell, KE AF Koplan, JP Powell, KE TI The Olympic Games: Opportunities for health promotion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; TRENDS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), PRUDENTIAL CTR HLTH CARE RES,2859 PACES FERRY RD,SUITE 820,ATLANTA,GA 30339, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VG493 UT WOS:A1996VG49300004 PM 10163452 ER PT J AU Blake, SM Caspersen, CJ Finnegan, J Crow, RA Mittlemark, MB Ringhofer, KR AF Blake, SM Caspersen, CJ Finnegan, J Crow, RA Mittlemark, MB Ringhofer, KR TI The shape up challenge: A community-based worksite exercise competition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE worksite; exercise; participation; incentives ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY LEVELS; FITNESS PROGRAM; EMPLOYEE FITNESS; WIDE PREVENTION; FOLLOW-UP; PERFORMANCE; STRATEGIES AB Purpose. To assess organizational and employee participation during three community-wide worksite exercise competitions In two communities. Design. A one-group posttest-only design was used. Lack of controls, exercise baseline, and the short-term nature of the interventions were limitations. Setting. The Minnesota Heart Health Program conducted annual exercise campaigns between 1982 and 1989 within three intervention communities to reduce behavioral risk for cardiovascular disease. The Shape UP Challenge was a worksite exercise competition designed, in conjunction with other campaign activities, to increase levels of physical activity. Subjects. A total of 119 participating companies in two Minnesota communities, and 17,626 employees within these worksites, composed the subjects in this study. Intervention. Eligible worksites were invited to participate in a month-long competition during which employees recorded minutes spent daily in aerobic activities. Incentives were established to promote intragroup cooperation and intergroup competition. Companies competed for awards that were based on average minutes of exercise per employee versus per participant. Measures. Numbers of companies recruited and participating campaign activities, minutes of of exercise, and costs were recorded on implementation logs. Companies completed surveys describing business type, number and sex of employees, existing health promotion programs, and perceived benefits of participation. Results. Of the 365 companies invited to participate, 33% participated (range 15% to 50%). Participating companies were more likely than nonparticipating companies to offer other health promotion programs and perceived greater benefits from participation. Women and smaller companies had significantly greater participation rates than men and larger companies. Average employee participation rates ranged from as high as 84% in smaller organizations to as low as 16% as organization size increased. Conclusions. Community-based worksite exercise competitions appear to be a viable strategy for promoting employee exercise particularly in smaller companies. Group-based contingencies applied in natural work units may facilitate employee participation. Further research is needed to assess the relative efficacy of this approach, compare alternative incentives, and identify strategies to enhance exercise maintenance after the intervention has ceased. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,HLTH PROGRAM RES GRP,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. WAKE FOREST UNIV,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27109. HARDING RINGHOFER & ASSOCIATES INC,MINNETONKA,MN. RP Blake, SM (reprint author), ACAD EDUC DEV,1255 23RD ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL 07328, R01 HL 25523-01] NR 85 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 6 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 11 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VG493 UT WOS:A1996VG49300008 PM 10163448 ER PT J AU Trout, D Esswein, EJ Hales, T Brown, K Solomon, G Miller, M AF Trout, D Esswein, EJ Hales, T Brown, K Solomon, G Miller, M TI Exposures and health effects: An evaluation of workers at a sodium azide production plant SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE sodium azide; hydrazoic acid; air monitoring; hypotension; ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; blood pressure; biological monitoring; airbags ID AMBULATORY BLOOD-PRESSURE; NITRIC-OXIDE; JOB STRAIN; HYPERTENSION; INGESTION AB Sodium azide is the principal gas-generating agent used to inflate automobile supplemental restraint systems, more commonly called airbags. Although sodium azide is known to affect the cardiovascular system by causing peripheral vasodilation, there is no published literature describing occupational exposures to sodium azide in the rapidly growing automobile airbag industry. In 1994-1995, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a cross-sectional study of health complaints reported by sodium azide production workers at the only continuous sodium azide production facility in the United States. The NIOSH evaluation consisted of a plant industrial hygiene survey, a symptom questionnaire, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and blood azide analysis. Personal breathing zone air monitoring revealed exposures to sodium azide and hydrazoic acid (a reactant product) at levels greater than the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs). In some cases, exposures exceeded the REL despite the use of air-supplied respirators. The questionnaire revealed that most workers reported headache (10 of 11 [91%]), episodes of low blood pressure (9 of 11 [82%]), and palpitations (8 of 11 [73%]) occurring in the production areas within the 6 months preceding the study. Mild headache (4 of 11 [36%]) was the only symptom reported during our 24-hr medical survey. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring revealed one asymptomatic employee with a drop in blood pressure (defined as a drop in systolic [at least 20 mm Hg] and diastolic [at least 10 mm Hg] blood pressure) during a period of exposure to sodium azide at a level five times the NIOSH REL. Improvements in plant engineering controls, increased attention to employee hygiene practices, and a more comprehensive respiratory protection program were recommendations made by NIOSH to reduce exposures at the plant. All facilities handling sodium azide should be aware of the potential toxicity of sodium azide and hydrazoic acid. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. EMORY UNIV,ROLLINS SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP Trout, D (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 30 IS 3 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199609)30:3<343::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-W PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VF205 UT WOS:A1996VF20500014 PM 8876804 ER PT J AU Kendrick, JS Merritt, RK AF Kendrick, JS Merritt, RK TI Women and smoking: An update for the 1990s SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE smoking; women; epidemiology; cessation; prevention ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; MATERNAL SMOKING; NICOTINE PATCH; UNITED-STATES; CESSATION INTERVENTIONS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PREGNANT-WOMEN; BIRTH-WEIGHT; TOBACCO USE; VITAL SIGN AB Cigarette smoking is associated with many health hazards, ranging from lung cancer to low infant birth weight. In the United States in 1994, 23.1% of all women and 14.6% of pregnant women smoked. Few physicians ask their patients about smoking, although minimal effort by physicians could help many smokers to quit. This article summarizes the current data on smoking prevalence, reviews quitting techniques, covers topics of particular interest to physicians caring for women, and suggests ways in which physicians may become more active in preventing smoking among teens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, OFF SMOKING & HLTH, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP Kendrick, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV REPROD HLTH, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 61 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 EI 1097-6868 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 175 IS 3 BP 528 EP 535 PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA VR785 UT WOS:A1996VR78500003 PM 8828410 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Potter, LB AF Mercy, JA Potter, LB TI Combining analysis and action to solve the problem of youth violence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 12 IS 5 SU S BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA VR491 UT WOS:A1996VR49100002 PM 8909618 ER PT J AU Powell, KE Dahlberg, LL Friday, J Mercy, JA Thornton, T Crawford, S AF Powell, KE Dahlberg, LL Friday, J Mercy, JA Thornton, T Crawford, S TI Prevention of youth violence: Rationale and characteristics of 15 evaluation projects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE violence; intervention studies; program evaluation; primary prevention; adolescent behavior; risk factors; youth; prevention; education (early intervention) ID INTERVENTION TRIALS; COMMUNITY; RANDOMIZATION; DESIGN AB Interpersonal violence is a major cause of injury disability, and death, especially among youth. Evaluations of 15 youth violence-prevention projects are under way. Public health is concerned about health problems that need to be addressed via collective action. Public health involvement in addressing interpersonal violence among youths brings an emphasis on primary prevention, a systematic and scientific process, and integrative leadership. Few quantitative evaluations of violence-prevention projects have been done. The interventions are scientifically based and use a spectrum of strategies. Individually oriented strategies are more common than those directed toward peers, families, schools, or communities. Each project has a rigorous evaluation design. Twelve are randomized. Sample sizes range from 180 to 10,000. Participants range in age from 5 to 18 years, although most are in the middle-school years (11-14 years). At baseline, intervention and comparison groups are similar. Baseline data demonstrate high frequency of violent behavior, weapon carrying, and exposure to violence among the youthful participants. Field intervention and evaluation research is difficult and expensive. Difficulties encompass organizational, programatic, and scientific issues; these difficulties reduce scientific interest and financial support for projects such as these. Public health has an important role to play in reducing violence. These projects will make important contributions to that task. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): violence, intervention studies, program evaluation, primary prevention, adolescent behavior, risk factors, youth, prevention, education (early intervention). RP Powell, KE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 12 IS 5 SU S BP 3 EP 12 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA VR491 UT WOS:A1996VR49100003 PM 8909619 ER PT J AU Callahan, LF Rao, J Boutaugh, M AF Callahan, LF Rao, J Boutaugh, M TI Arthritis and women's health: Prevalence, impact, and prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE arthritis; prevalence; disability; prevention; economic; psychological ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; UNITED-STATES ADULTS; II PROCOLLAGEN GENE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; WORK DISABILITY; OSTEO-ARTHRITIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL-ASPECTS; MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AB Introduction: Our objectives were to review the prevalence and impact of arthritis in women and to present information regarding strategies for prevention of arthritis in women. Discussion: Arthritis is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in the United States and the most prevalent chronic condition in women. In addition, arthritis is one of the leading causes of disability and limitations in activities of daily living, and its economic, psychological, and social impact is enormous. Some of the effects of arthritis, such as medical care costs and lost wages, are easily translated into economic terms, but others, such as the inability to play sports, a reduction in housekeeping activities, or pain, are not. Conclusions: Although arthritis is the most frequent and disabling chronic condition among women, its public health importance has not been previously emphasized. Public health agencies and health care providers should consider the following strategies to reduce the impact of arthritis among women: (1) promote primary prevention of arthritis through weight reduction and the reduction of sports- or occupational-related joint injury and (2) encourage the early detection and appropriate management of arthritis in women through use of medical and physical therapy, exercise, and established educational programs. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): arthritis, prevalence, disability, prevention, economic, psychological. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 122 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 12 IS 5 BP 401 EP 409 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA VQ477 UT WOS:A1996VQ47700020 PM 8909652 ER PT J AU Jones, WK AF Jones, WK TI Centers for disease control and prevention's office of women's health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Jones, WK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF WOMENS HLTH,MS D-51,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1996 VL 12 IS 5 BP 410 EP 410 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA VQ477 UT WOS:A1996VQ47700021 PM 8909653 ER PT J AU Gaiter, J Doll, LS AF Gaiter, J Doll, LS TI Improving HIV/AIDS prevention in prisons is good public health policy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID AIDS RP Gaiter, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1996 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1201 EP 1203 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.9.1201 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VH212 UT WOS:A1996VH21200001 PM 8806366 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Burnett, CA Boeniger, MF AF Schulte, PA Burnett, CA Boeniger, MF TI Neurodegenerative diseases: Occupational occurrence and potential risk factors, 1982 through 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MOTOR-NEURON-DISEASE; HYDROXYLASE GENE POLYMORPHISM; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MOTONEURON DISEASE; RISING MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-ONSET; ASSOCIATION AB Objectives. To identify potential occupational risk factors, this study examined the occupational occurrence of various neurodegenerative diseases. Methods. Death certificates from 27 states in the National Occupational Mortality Surveillance System were evaluated for 1982 to 1991. Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated by occupation for presenile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease. Results. Excess mortality was observed for all four categories in the following occupational categories: teachers; medical personnel; machinists and machine operators; scientists; writers/designers/entertainers; and support and clerical workers. Clusters of three neurodegenerative diseases were also found in occupations involving pesticides, solvents, and electromagnetic fields and in legal, library, social, and religious work, Early death from motor neuron disease was found for firefighters, janitors, military personnel, teachers, excavation machine operators, and veterinarians, among others. Conclusions. Neurodegenerative disease occurs more frequently in some occupations than in others, and this distribution, which may indicate Occupational risk factors, should be further investigated. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH C14,EDUC & INFORMAT DIV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 66 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1996 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1281 EP 1288 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.9.1281 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VH212 UT WOS:A1996VH21200016 PM 8806381 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Tomar, SL Mowery, P Siegel, PZ AF Nelson, DE Tomar, SL Mowery, P Siegel, PZ TI Trends in smokeless tobacco use among men in four states, 1988 through 1993 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Trends in smokeless tobacco use were examined for men in Indiana, Iowas, Montana, and West Virginia from 1988 through 1993. Methods. State survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. Results. Demographic characteristics associated with smokeless tobacco use included age less than 35 years, a high school education or less, and rural residence. Overall, there was little change in smokeless tobacco use among men in these states (range = -0.4-0.4 percentage points annually); only West Virginia had a significant decline. Conclusions. Reasons for the overall lack of decline may include increased advertising an promotional expenditures or substitution of smokeless tobacco for cigarettes. increased prevention and cessation efforts are needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BATTELLE MEM INST,ATLANTA,GA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADULT & COMMUNITY HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1996 VL 86 IS 9 BP 1300 EP 1303 DI 10.2105/AJPH.86.9.1300 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VH212 UT WOS:A1996VH21200019 PM 8806384 ER PT J AU McKenna, MT Hutton, M Cauthen, G Onorato, IM AF McKenna, MT Hutton, M Cauthen, G Onorato, IM TI The association between occupation and tuberculosis - A population-based survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; WORKERS; URBAN; TRANSMISSION; RESPIRATORS; PHYSICIANS; EMPLOYEES; COST AB There has been increasing interest in the potential association between occupation and the risk of tuberculosis. Therefore, we analyzed occupational information collected on all patients with clinically active tuberculosis in 29 states from 1984 to 1985. Census data were used to estimate the number of persons in each of the occupations. Information on employment and occupation was ascertained for 9,534 (99%) of the working age (16 through 64 yr) tuberculosis patients. The overall case rate of tuberculosis in this age group in the study areas was 8.4 per 100,000 persons, which was slightly lower than the national rate of 9.3 per 100,000 persons, As a group, health care workers had rates of tuberculosis similar to the general population (standardized morbidity ratio [SMR]: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.1). However, elevated rates were observed for inhalation therapists (SMR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.2 to 6.0), and lower-paid health care workers (SMR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.5). Elevated rates were also noted for funeral directors (SMR: 3.9; 95% CI: 2.2 to 6.1) and farm workers (SMR: 3.7; 95% CI: 3.4 to 4.1). These data suggest that even in communities with relatively low rates of tuberculosis certain occupations may be associated with an elevated risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP McKenna, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,NATL CTR HIV STD & TB PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 154 IS 3 BP 587 EP 593 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA VG929 UT WOS:A1996VG92900004 PM 8810591 ER PT J AU Bryant, DA Mintz, ED Puhr, ND Griffin, PM Petras, RE AF Bryant, DA Mintz, ED Puhr, ND Griffin, PM Petras, RE TI Colonic epithelial lymphocytosis associated with an epidemic of chronic diarrhea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brainerd diarrhea; lymphocytic colitis; collagenous colitis; chronic diarrhea; intraepithelial lymphocytosis ID RAW-MILK; COLITIS; OUTBREAK AB The term Brainerd diarrhea has been applied to outbreaks of chronic watery diarrhea of unknown etiology characterized by acute onset and prolonged duration. Our aim was to describe the histologic changes in gastrointestinal biopsy specimens from patients with Brainerd diarrhea. We examined 52 colonic and 12 small bowel biopsy specimens from 22 patients who were involved in ail outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea that was linked to the water supply of a cruise ship visiting the Galapagos Islands. Small bowel biopsy specimens from seven patients were histologically normal. One patient had a duodenal biopsy specimen that resembled celiac sprue. Colonic biopsy specimens from 20 patients revealed surface epithelial lymphocytosis without distortion of mucosal architecture, surface degenerative changes, or thickened subepithelial collagen-plates. The degree of surface epithelial lymphocytosis was greater than that seen in control groups of persons with normal colons, acute colitis, and ulcerative colitis (p < 0.001), similar to that seen with collagenous colitis, and less than that seen with lymphocytic colitis (p < 0.001). Three patients showed focal active colitis similar to that described in acute infectious type colitis in addition to the epithelial lymphocytosis. Two patients had colonic biopsy specimens that were histologically normal. In summary, histologic abnormalities in the small bowel are generally absent in Brainerd diarrhea Colonic biopsy specimens in Brainerd diarrhea frequently show epithelial lymphocytosis similar to that seen in collagenous and lymphocytic colitis: Although currently Brainerd diarrhea can. be diagnosed only with epidemiologic data indicating an epidemic and a point source, the lack of surface degenerative changes and the relatively lower lymphocyte counts seen in our cases of Brainerd diarrhea may serve to distinguish it from lymphocytic colitis, and the lack of a thickened subepithelial collagen plate distinguishes it from collagenous colitis. C1 CLEVELAND CLIN FDN,DEPT PATHOL ANAT L25,CLEVELAND,OH 44195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 17 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1102 EP 1109 DI 10.1097/00000478-199609000-00008 PG 8 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA VD613 UT WOS:A1996VD61300008 PM 8764747 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM TI Primaquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; CHLOROQUINE; MALARIA; STRAIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROPHYLAXIS; INDONESIA; HEMOLYSIS AB Reports have appeared calling attention to what has been termed primaquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax in several geographic areas. The possibility exists that primaquine tolerant strains (often referred to as the tropical zone type from the South Pacific and Southeast Asian regions characterized by early and frequent relapses) may have become widely disseminated to areas where they had not previously existed through the widespread population mobility that has characterized the last 50 years. The appearance in the relatively recent past of strains of P. vivax, particularly from the South Pacific area, that are resistant to the 4-aminoquinolines has added a new dimension to the resistance problem. While there seems to be little evidence to date of the existence of acquired primaquine resistance in P. vivax, the possibility of its emergence in the future can certainly not be ruled out, and its timely detection and confirmation will be most important, albeit quite difficult because of the relatively covert sites of drug effect. The occurrence of relapses in P. vivax after primaquine therapy would be assumed to be the most reliable indication of resistance. Reports of the sporontocidal or gametocytocidal activity of primaquine when used alone (i.e., without concomitant administration of an effective suppressive) against a P. vivax infection have been few and inconclusive. The establishment of baselines of this activity in P. vivax might be useful in detecting and evaluating primaquine resistance in this species. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 65 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VK574 UT WOS:A1996VK57400001 PM 8842108 ER PT J AU Mount, DL Green, MD Zucker, JR Were, JBO Todd, GD AF Mount, DL Green, MD Zucker, JR Were, JBO Todd, GD TI Field detection of sulfonamides in urine: The development of a new and sensitive test SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROQUINE; SULFADOXINE; METABOLITES; MALARIA; ASSAY AB A new, field-adapted, colorimetric method for detecting sulfonamide drugs in urine is described. The method uses the color reagent, p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde, and has a detection limit of about 1 mu g/ml. Analysis of, 35 samples collected in the field, comparing results obtained with the colorimetric field test with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography, indicated a calculated sensitivity value of 94% and a specificity value of 94% for the test to detect the presence of sulfonamides. The field test can be modified to allow quantitation of sulfonamides in urine in field situations, using a hand-held, portable photometer for measuring the absorbance of test solutions. For this test, calculated coefficients of variation for day to day reproducibility were less than or equal to 5% at sulfonamide concentrations greater than or equal to 3 mu g/ml. This new test for detecting the presence of sulfonamides in urine is more sensitive and reliable than the presently used Bratton-Marshall test. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP Mount, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ENTOMOL BRANCH,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 250 EP 253 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VK574 UT WOS:A1996VK57400002 PM 8842109 ER PT J AU Nakano, Y Fujioka, H Luc, KD Rabbege, JR Todd, GD Collins, WE Aikawa, M AF Nakano, Y Fujioka, H Luc, KD Rabbege, JR Todd, GD Collins, WE Aikawa, M TI A correlation of the sequestration rate of Plasmodium coatneyi-infected erythrocytes in cerebral and subcutaneous tissues of a rhesus monkey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; MALARIA AB Parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) were sequestered in microvessels of cerebral and subcutaneous tissues of a rhesus monkey infected with Plasmodium coatneyi. A similar sequestration rate (approximately 80%) was observed in both cerebral and subcutaneous microvessels. Electron microscopy showed knobs of the sequestrated PRBCs cytoadhered to endothelial cells. These results are consistent with the finding of PRBC sequestration in subcutaneous tissues in a comatose patient with cerebral malaria. Biopsy specimens of subcutaneous tissue may be useful as indicators of PRBC sequestration in the brain of cerebral malaria patients. C1 TOKAI UNIV,INST MED SCI,ISEHARA,KANAGAWA 25911,JAPAN. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-35827] NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1996 VL 55 IS 3 BP 311 EP 314 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA VK574 UT WOS:A1996VK57400014 PM 8842121 ER EF