FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU MARTIN, SM BEAN, NH AF MARTIN, SM BEAN, NH TI DATA MANAGEMENT ISSUES FOR EMERGING DISEASES AND NEW TOOLS FOR MANAGING SURVEILLANCE AND LABORATORY DATA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article RP MARTIN, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900003 PM 8903181 ER PT J AU ALQARAWI, S FONTAINE, RE ALQAHTANI, MS AF ALQARAWI, S FONTAINE, RE ALQAHTANI, MS TI AN OUTBREAK OF HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIBIOTIC-TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL INPATIENTS FOR DYSENTERY SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; INFECTIONS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ALQARAWI, S (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,SAUDI ARABIAN FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,RIYADH,SAUDI ARABIA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 138 EP 140 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900007 PM 8903185 ER PT J AU TAUXE, RV MINTZ, ED QUICK, RE AF TAUXE, RV MINTZ, ED QUICK, RE TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN THE NEW-WORLD - TRANSLATING FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY INTO NEW PREVENTION STRATEGIES SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID AMERICA; TRANSMISSION; PERU RP TAUXE, RV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 36 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900008 PM 8903186 ER PT J AU BARTON, LL PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG AF BARTON, LL PETERS, CJ KSIAZEK, TG TI LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS - AN UNRECOGNIZED TERATOGENIC PATHOGEN SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION C1 STEELE MEM CHILDRENS RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BARTON, LL (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900010 PM 8903188 ER PT J AU CHAPMAN, LE AF CHAPMAN, LE TI GUIDELINES ON THE RISK FOR TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS AGENTS DURING XENOTRANSPLANTS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP CHAPMAN, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 156 EP 156 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900012 PM 8903190 ER PT J AU HIGHTOWER, AW KLEIN, RE AF HIGHTOWER, AW KLEIN, RE TI BUILDING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM (GIS) PUBLIC-HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR RESEARCH AND CONTROL OF TROPICAL DISEASES SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP HIGHTOWER, AW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 156 EP 157 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900014 PM 8964056 ER PT J AU FAVERO, MS AF FAVERO, MS TI APHA SESSION FEATURES EMERGING INFECTIONS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP FAVERO, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 1 IS 4 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TE849 UT WOS:A1995TE84900015 PM 8903191 ER PT J AU Grandjean, P Weihe, P Needham, LL Burse, VW Patterson, DG Sampson, EJ Jorgensen, PJ Vahter, M AF Grandjean, P Weihe, P Needham, LL Burse, VW Patterson, DG Sampson, EJ Jorgensen, PJ Vahter, M TI Relation of a seafood diet to mercury, selenium, arsenic, and polychlorinated biphenyl and other organochlorine concentrations in human milk SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; COPLANAR PCBS; BREAST-MILK; METHYLMERCURY; INFANTS; EXPOSURE; CONSUMPTION; SERUM; MOTHERS; FINLAND AB Human transition milk was sampled from 88 mothers at the Faroe Islands, where the seafood diet includes pilot whale meat and blubber. Milk mercury concentrations (median, 2.45 mu g/liter) were significantly associated with mercury concentrations in cord blood and with the frequency of pilot whale dinners during pregnancy, Milk selenium concentrations (mean, 19.1 mu g/liter) correlated significantly with concentrations in cord blood but not with seafood consumption. Arsenic concentrations were very low. Twenty-four of the milk samples were separated into four pools based on fish intake and milk mercury concentrations. The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations (1.8-3.5 mu g/g lipid) were high and mainly due to congener numbers 153, 180, and 138. One pool contained a congener 77 concentration of 1380 ppt, which is the highest ever reported in a human specimen for a coplanar PCB. The highest PCB concentrations were seen in the pools from women who had eaten frequent whale dinners and whose milk contained high mercury concentrations, The concentrations of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans were not similarly elevated. Given the advantages associated with breast-feeding, advice to nursing mothers in this population should take into regard the possible risks associated with long-term exposure to milk contaminants. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 FAROESE HOSP SYST,FR-100 TORSHAVEN,DENMARK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ODENSE UNIV,INST CLIN RES,DK-5000 ODENSE C,DENMARK. FAROESE HOSP SYST,FR-100 TORSHAVEN,FAROE ISLANDS,DENMARK. RP Grandjean, P (reprint author), ODENSE UNIV,INST COMMUNITY HLTH,WINSLOWPARKEN 17,DK-5000 ODENSE C,DENMARK. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 34 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 71 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1006/enrs.1995.1064 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VC747 UT WOS:A1995VC74700005 PM 8757236 ER PT J AU Ashley, DL Bonin, MA Hamar, B McGeehin, MA AF Ashley, DL Bonin, MA Hamar, B McGeehin, MA TI Removing the smoking confounder from blood volatile organic compounds measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-POPULATION; REFERENCE VALUES; EXPOSURE; BENZENE; TOLUENE; STYRENE; WORKERS; BREATH AB Because smoking is a major contributor to the internal dose levels of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is difficult to assess other VOC exposures among smokers. Purge and trap/gas chromatography/iostope-dilution mass spectrometry was used to determine the internal dose of VOCs of smokers and nonsmokers. Median whole blood concentrations of benzene, styrene, and toluene were shown to be approximately two times higher among smokers than among nonsmokers. In addition, smoking elevated the blood levels of ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene when the log-transformed data were compared. Smoking also led to greatly increased levels of 2,5-dimethylfuran. These results indicate that blood levels of many VOCs are highly correlated with blood levels of 2,5-dimethylfuran and that this effect is primarily a result of smoking. The smoking confounder to blood levels of VOCs can be removed by including the concentration of blood 2,5-dimethylfuran concentration when evaluating results from a health and exposure evaluation. Determining the blood 2,5-dimethylfuran concentration appears to be an effective means of correcting the confounding influence of smoking and supplies a way of determining lower-level exposures that previously could not have been distinguished from the effects of smoking. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,HLTH INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP Ashley, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAILSTOP F-17,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 71 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1006/enrs.1995.1065 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA VC747 UT WOS:A1995VC74700006 PM 8757237 ER PT J AU GRANT, KA HABES, DJ AF GRANT, KA HABES, DJ TI AN ANALYSIS OF SCANNING POSTURES AMONG GROCERY CASHIERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CHECKSTAND DESIGN SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; WORK POSTURES; SUPERMARKET WORKERS ID TRAUMA DISORDERS; WORK; SHOULDER; NECK; DISCOMFORT; PREVALENCE; SYMPTOMS; SYSTEMS; PAIN AB Mounting evidence suggests that musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among US retail food: workers. Cashiers who use electronic scanners appear to be at especially high risk for upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Checkstand design has been implicated as a contributor to musculoskeletal injury among cashiers because workstation design can significantly impact working posture. The present study examines working posture among two groups of cashiers to determine if checkstand design is associated with substantial differences in posture and movement during scanning. The work activities of twenty grocery cashiers using one of two checkstand designs (front-facing and right-hand takeaway) were examined. Videotapes of cashiers performing Scanning tasks were observed and associated postures and movements were visually coded. The right-hand takeaway design was associated with a significantly higher percentage of non-neutral trunk postures than the front-facing design. However, there were no significant differences in shoulder posture, grasp, or scanning motion associated with checkstand/scanner design. Factors that appeared to affect cashier work posture during scanning included stature, order size, and product type. Although improving the checkstand design may reduce the occurrence of certain awkward postures and static muscle loading conditions among cashiers, the success of these interventions is likely to be limited unless follow-up programmes are instituted to ensure that cashiers are able to use these designs effectively. Furthermore, fundamental changes in cashier work may be required to fully eliminate hazards for musculoskeletal disorders from this job. RP GRANT, KA (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS C-24,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD LONDON PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 10 BP 2078 EP 2090 DI 10.1080/00140139508925252 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA RY132 UT WOS:A1995RY13200009 PM 7588582 ER PT J AU GOEMAN, J KIVUVU, M NZILA, N BEHETS, F EDIDI, B GNAORE, E VANDYCK, E LOUIS, MS PIOT, P LAGA, M AF GOEMAN, J KIVUVU, M NZILA, N BEHETS, F EDIDI, B GNAORE, E VANDYCK, E LOUIS, MS PIOT, P LAGA, M TI SIMILAR SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO CONVENTIONAL THERAPY FOR SYPHILIS AMONG HIV-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE WOMEN SO GENITOURINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE SYPHILIS; HIV; SEROLOGY; ZAIRE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RISK-FACTORS; LATENT SYPHILIS; INFECTION; NEUROSYPHILIS; TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS; CLINICS; FEMALE AB Objectives-To compare characteristics of syphilis serological reactivity in HIV positive (+) and HIV negative (-) female sex workers, as well as the serological response to therapy after treatment with intramuscular benzathine penicillin, 2.4 million U weekly, for three consecutive weeks. Methods-Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) results of 72 HIV-positive and 121 HIV-negative women reactive in both tests were assessed. The response to therapy was prospectively monitored with quantitative RPR serology in 47 HIV-positive and 73 HIV-negative patients. Cumulative probabilities of becoming nonreactive by RPR were com pared at six months, one and two years after therapy. Results-At enrolment, the geometric mean titres of RPR and lower in HIV-positive patients 1:2.6) than in HIV-negative patients (RPR, 1:3.8; p < 0.01). The evolution over time of RPR titres was similar among HIV-positive patients as compared to HIV-negative patients. Among patients with an initial RPR titre of < 1:8, 53% of HIV-positive and 44% of HIV-negative patients became RPR negative two years after therapy. Among patients with an RPR titre of 1:8 or greater at enrolment, 83% of HIV-positive and 90% of HIV-negative patients had reached at least a fourfold decline of RPR titres two years after therapy. Conclusions-Syphilis serology findings (both RPR and TPHA) may be altered in the presence of HIV infection, but the serological response to therapy was similar in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. C1 INST TROP MED,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR AIDS,DEPT INFECT & IMMUNITY,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. MINIST HLTH,PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0266-4348 J9 GENITOURIN MED JI Genitourin. Med. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 71 IS 5 BP 275 EP 279 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA RY747 UT WOS:A1995RY74700001 PM 7490041 ER PT J AU LUBIN, JH BOICE, JD EDLING, C HORNUNG, RW HOWE, G KUNZ, W KUSIAK, RA MORRISON, HI RADFORD, EP SAMET, JM TIRMARCHE, M WOODWARD, A YAO, SX AF LUBIN, JH BOICE, JD EDLING, C HORNUNG, RW HOWE, G KUNZ, W KUSIAK, RA MORRISON, HI RADFORD, EP SAMET, JM TIRMARCHE, M WOODWARD, A YAO, SX TI RADON-EXPOSED UNDERGROUND MINERS AND INVERSE DOSE-RATE (PROTRACTION ENHANCEMENT) EFFECTS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE RADON; CANCER; LUNGS, HUMAN; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID ONCOGENIC TRANSFORMATION; LUNG-CANCER; CHARGED-PARTICLES; URANIUM MINERS; NEUTRONS; DEPENDENCE AB Recent models for radon-induced lung cancer assume that at high levels of cumulative exposure, as experienced historically by many underground miners of uranium and other ores, the risk of lung cancer follows an inverse dose-rate (protraction enhancement) pattern, That is, for equal total dose, a greater risk is incurred by those whose total dose is accumulated at a lower rate over a longer duration than at a higher rate over a shorter duration. This inverse dose-rate effect is hypothesized to be the consequence of multiple traversals of the nucleus of a target cell by alpha particles. It has recently been concluded, however, that for low total doses, as in most residential settings, the inverse dose-rate effect should diminish and perhaps even disappear, since at very low doses the probability that more than one alpha particle would traverse a cell is small and there would be no possibility for interactions from multiple hits. Pooling original data from 11 cohort studies of underground miners, including nearly 1.2 million person-y of observation and 2,701 lung cancer deaths, rye evaluate the presence of an inverse dose-rate effect and its modification by total dose. An inverse dose-rate effect was confirmed in each cohort, except one, and overall in the pooled data, There also appears to be a diminution of the inverse dose-rate effect below 50 Working Level Months (WLM), although analyses were necessarily hampered by a limited range of exposure rates at low total WLM. These data support both the presence of an inverse dose-rate effect, as well as its diminution at low total dose, As a consequence, assessment of risks of radon progeny exposure in homes (on average 15-20 WLM for a lifetime) using miner-based models should not assume an ever-increasing risk per unit dose, Rather, it is more appropriate to apply risk models that take into account protraction enhancement and its diminution. C1 NCI, EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM, RADIAT EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UPPSALA UNIV, DEPT OCCUPAT MED, UPPSALA, SWEDEN. NIOSH, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. UNIV TORONTO, FAC MED, NATL CANC INST CANADA, EPIDEMIOL UNIT, TORONTO, ON M5S 1A8, CANADA. NATL PUBL HLTH INST, CTR RADIAT HYG, CR-10042 PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC. MINIST LABOR, RES & REGULAT BRANCH, HLTH & SAFETY UNIT, TORONTO, ON M7A 1T7, CANADA. DEPT NATL HLTH & WELFARE, DIV SURVEILLANCE & RISK ASSESSEMENT, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0L2, CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. INST PROTECT & SURETE NUCL, DEPT PROTECT SANTE HOUME & DOSIMETRIE, F-92265 FONTENAY ROSES, FRANCE. UNIV ADELAIDE, DEPT COMMUNITY MED, ADELAIDE, SA, AUSTRALIA. NATL NONFERROUS MET IND CORP, GEJIU, PEOPLES R CHINA. RP LUBIN, JH (reprint author), NCI, EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM, BIOSTAT BRANCH, 6130 EXECUT BLVD, EPN-403, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. OI Woodward, Alistair/0000-0001-5425-6018 NR 23 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 69 IS 4 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1097/00004032-199510000-00007 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA RX491 UT WOS:A1995RX49100008 PM 7558839 ER PT J AU FRIED, MW SEEFF, LC LAM, L GUTEKUNST, K HODGE, T BOYER, TD AF FRIED, MW SEEFF, LC LAM, L GUTEKUNST, K HODGE, T BOYER, TD TI SERUM CYTOKINE LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HEPATITIS-C AFTER LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION (OLT) SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA. ROCHE MOLEC SYST,BRANCHBURG,NJ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 107 EP 107 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000105 ER PT J AU VARGAS, V KRAWCZYNSKI, K MARTINEZ, N CASTELLS, L ALLENDE, H CARSON, D GUARDIA, REJ AF VARGAS, V KRAWCZYNSKI, K MARTINEZ, N CASTELLS, L ALLENDE, H CARSON, D GUARDIA, REJ TI HCV REINFECTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANTED RECIPIENTS ASSESSED BY HCV-AG EXPRESSION IN LIVER-CELLS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BARCELONA,HOSP GEN VALLE HEBRON,BARCELONA,SPAIN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NICD,DVRD,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 175 EP 175 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000173 ER PT J AU KWO, PY BALAN, VJ CARPENTER, HA MURPHY, PJ ROSENBLATT, JE SCHLAUDER, GG DAWSON, GJ MAST, EE KRAWCZYNSKI, K KING, JE AF KWO, PY BALAN, VJ CARPENTER, HA MURPHY, PJ ROSENBLATT, JE SCHLAUDER, GG DAWSON, GJ MAST, EE KRAWCZYNSKI, K KING, JE TI ACUTE HEPATITIS-E ACQUIRED IN THE UNITED-STATES SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAYO CLIN,DIV GI,ROCHESTER,MN. MAYO CLIN,DIV PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN. MAYO CLIN,DIV CLIN MICROBIOL,ROCHESTER,MN. ABBOTT LABS,N CHICAGO,IL 60064. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 304 EP 304 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000303 ER PT J AU KIM, JP LINNEN, J WAGES, J SHIH, J NAKATSUJI, Y FRY, K ZHANGKECK, ZY YOUNG, L GALLAGHER, P KRAWCZYNSKI, K ISMAY, S HYAMS, C LIFSON, J ALTER, M MARGOLIS, H FOUNG, S BRADLEY, D ALTER, H AF KIM, JP LINNEN, J WAGES, J SHIH, J NAKATSUJI, Y FRY, K ZHANGKECK, ZY YOUNG, L GALLAGHER, P KRAWCZYNSKI, K ISMAY, S HYAMS, C LIFSON, J ALTER, M MARGOLIS, H FOUNG, S BRADLEY, D ALTER, H TI IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW HEPATITIS-VIRUS (HGV) AND ITS IMPLICATION IN POST TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GENELABS TECHNOL INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NSW BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. USN,MED RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 447 EP 447 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000445 ER PT J AU SHEDLOFSKY, SI TOSHEVA, R SCHEURER, J SNAWDER, JE AF SHEDLOFSKY, SI TOSHEVA, R SCHEURER, J SNAWDER, JE TI DECREASED CONSTITUTIVE MURINE CYTOCHROMES P450 BY STAPHYLOCCOCAL ENTEROTOXIN-B (SEB) SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LEXINGTON,KY. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 SU S BP 559 EP 559 PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RX690 UT WOS:A1995RX69000557 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI CENTRAL BODY OBESITY IN YOUNG-CHILDREN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Letter RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HANTS, ENGLAND RG21 2XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 19 IS 10 BP 761 EP 761 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA RX644 UT WOS:A1995RX64400012 PM 8589773 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ HICKMANBRENNER, FW HOLMES, B HAWKEY, PM PENNER, JL GRIMONT, PAD OHARA, CM AF BRENNER, DJ HICKMANBRENNER, FW HOLMES, B HAWKEY, PM PENNER, JL GRIMONT, PAD OHARA, CM TI REPLACEMENT OF NCTC-4175, THE CURRENT-TYPE STRAIN OF PROTEUS-VULGARIS, WITH ATCC-29905 REQUEST FOR AN OPINION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID IDENTIFICATION; PENNERI AB The current type strain of Proteus vulgaris, NCTC 4175 (= ATCC 13315), differs substantially from typical strains of this species both biochemically and chemotaxonomically. DNA relatedness studies revealed that strains previously classified as P. vulgaris belong to six genomospecies. One of these genomospecies contains strains that are negative in indole, salicin, and esculin reactions (biogroup 1) and has been named Proteus penneri, A second genomospecies, which is most frequently isolated from human urine, contains typical P. vulgaris strains that are positive in indole, salicin, and esculin reactions (biogroup 2). The members of; the remaining four genomospecies are indole positive and negative in salicin and esculin reactions (biogroup 3), Of 36 biogroup 3 strains studied, only strain NCTC 4175(T) (T = type strain) and one other strain, CDC 1732-80, belong to genomospecies 3, To retain NCTC 4175 as the type strain of P. vulgaris would restrict this species to these two Strains, whose origins are unknown. This' would mean that hundreds of strains for which the description of P. vulgaris was written and which have been representatives of this species for the past 50 years would have to be-renamed as members of a new species, To prevent this confusion, we request that biogroup 2 reference strain ATCC 29905 (= CDC PR1) replace NCTC 4175 as the type strain of P. vulgaris. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,NATL COLLECT TYPE CULTURES,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. UNIV LEEDS,DEPT MICROBIOL,LEEDS LS2 9JT,W YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. UNIV TORONTO,BANTING INST,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. INST PASTEUR,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,PARIS,FRANCE. RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOL DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP D1,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 45 IS 4 BP 870 EP 871 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RZ216 UT WOS:A1995RZ21600042 PM 7547312 ER PT J AU PAJEAU, AK RICHARDS, J RODGERSJOHNSON, P LARSEN, SA ROMAN, GC AF PAJEAU, AK RICHARDS, J RODGERSJOHNSON, P LARSEN, SA ROMAN, GC TI HTLV-I AND HTLV-II COINFECTION AND NEUROLOGIC FINDINGS IN JAMAICAN RESIDENTS WITH DIFFICULTY WALKING SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NINCDS,NEUROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV W INDIES,KINGSTON 7,JAMAICA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000093 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, D DEZZUTTI, CS LINSLEY, PS PRINCE, HE AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, D DEZZUTTI, CS LINSLEY, PS PRINCE, HE TI COSTIMULATORY EFFECTS OF T-CELL PROLIFERATION DURING INFECTION WITH HTLV-I/II ARE MEDIATED THROUGH CTLA4/B7 INTERACTION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB INST,SEATTLE,WA. AMER RED CROSS CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000135 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS SASSO, DR HODGE, T LAL, RB AF DEZZUTTI, CS SASSO, DR HODGE, T LAL, RB TI HTLV-II-ASSOCIATED SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION RESULTS IN THE MODULATION OF CYTOKINE MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION - A SEMIQUANTITATIVE RT-PCR ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000147 ER PT J AU LIN, HC BODKIN, M LAL, R RABSON, AB AF LIN, HC BODKIN, M LAL, R RABSON, AB TI HIV CONTAINING THE HTLV-I LTR TAX-RESPONSIVE ELEMENTS EXHIBITS SELECTIVE TROPISM AND CYTOTOXICITY FOR HTLV-I INFECTED-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. CABM,PISCATAWAY,NJ. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000159 ER PT J AU SEGURADO, AAC MALAQUE, CMS SUMITA, LM PANNUTI, CS LAL, RB AF SEGURADO, AAC MALAQUE, CMS SUMITA, LM PANNUTI, CS LAL, RB TI HUMAN LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) AND TYPE-II (HTLV-II) INFECTIONS IN BLOOD-DONORS IN SAO-PAULO, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,SCH MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,BR-05508 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RI Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000174 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS PATEL, PP OWEN, SM SWITZER, WJ MESHULAM, J AF DEZZUTTI, CS PATEL, PP OWEN, SM SWITZER, WJ MESHULAM, J TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF A DNA PCR NONISOTOPIC-BASED DETECTION METHOD FOR THE CONFIRMATION OF HTLV-I AND HTLV-II INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CELLULAR PROD INC,BUFFALO,NY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000180 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W SWITZER, WM BUSCH, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB AF HENEINE, W SWITZER, WM BUSCH, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB TI THE SEARCH FOR HUMAN INFECTION WITH DIVERGENT PRIMATE T LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000185 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF MURPHY, EL HERMANSEN, S ROBERTS, C AF KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF MURPHY, EL HERMANSEN, S ROBERTS, C TI VIRAL LOAD IS ASSOCIATED WITH MALE-TO-FEMALE SEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HTLV-I AND HTLV-II SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. WESTAT CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. SRA TECHNOL,CHICAGO,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 178 EP 178 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000194 ER PT J AU BIGGAR, RJ BLACK, FL LAL, R AF BIGGAR, RJ BLACK, FL LAL, R TI 25 YEARS OF HIGH HTLV-II ENDEMICITY IN THE KAPAYO-INDIANS OF BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 185 EP 185 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000201 ER PT J AU GRACIA, F CASTILLO, LC LARREATEGUI, M ROBERTS, B CEDENO, V HENEINE, W BLATTNER, W KAPLAN, JE LEVINE, PH AF GRACIA, F CASTILLO, LC LARREATEGUI, M ROBERTS, B CEDENO, V HENEINE, W BLATTNER, W KAPLAN, JE LEVINE, PH TI RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND NEUROLOGIC DISEASES IN PANAMA - 1985-1990 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS (HTLV) I II; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA VIRUS; HTLV-I; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; CELL LEUKEMIA; SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS; CHRONIC MYELOPATHY; GUAYMI INDIANS; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES AB Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is endemic in the Caribbean basin and in Japan. HTLV-II, a closely related virus, is endemic in several groups of native Americans, including Panamanian Guaymi. In Panama, a nationwide HTLV-I/II seroprevalence of 1-2% has been reported. We evaluated the frequency of HTLV-I/II infection in patients with neurologic diseases admitted to state tertiary hospitals in Panama City between 1985 and 1990. Nineteen of 322 patients with eligible diagnoses had antibodies to HTLV-I/II, 17 with HTLV-I and 2 with HTLV-II. HTLV-I was associated with spastic paraparesis (13 of 23, 56.5% versus 4 of 299, 1.3%, p < 0.001) and with cerebellar syndrome (2 of 13, 15.4%) and multiple sclerosis (2 of 54, 3.7%) (p < 0.05 for both diseases compared with subject with none of these diagnoses). The two HTLV-I infected patients with cerebellar syndrome later developed spastic paraparesis. HTLV-II infection was noted in one patient with cerebellar syndrome and one with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. All patients with other diagnoses were seronegative. Among patients with spastic paraparesis, HTLV-I-infected patients were clinically indistinguishable from seronegative subjects. There is apparently an overlapping clinical spectrum of neurologic diseases associated with HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection. C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. LAB COMMEMORAT GORGAS,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000013 PM 7552485 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W SWITZER, WM AF HENEINE, W SWITZER, WM TI THE PHYLOGENY AND MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HTLV-II SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000267 ER PT J AU SWITZER, WM BUSCH, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE HENEINE, W AF SWITZER, WM BUSCH, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE HENEINE, W TI MOLECULAR DIFFERENTIATION OF HTLV-II BY SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS EPIDEMIOL DONOR STUDY GRP,ATLANTA,GA. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD OCT 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RW330 UT WOS:A1995RW33000289 ER PT J AU CASSIDY, WM MAHONEY, FJ AF CASSIDY, WM MAHONEY, FJ TI A HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION PROGRAM TARGETING ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES; HEPATITIS B VACCINE; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES; SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES AB Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of using a middle school for hepatitis B vaccination of adolescents. Methods: An immunization program was designed to educate parents and students about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B vaccination using science class presentations and mailings. Students were vaccinated in the school-based clinic. Incentives were given at each visit and on vaccination series completion. Costs were calculated and divided by the number of students completing the series to obtain per student cost. Results: Of the 654 students, 519 (79%) received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine, 497 (76%) two doses, and 425 (65%) three doses. Student participation did not vary by grade level, gender, or income. Per student vaccination cost was $77.23 for those receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine and $66.04 when those receiving at least two doses were included. Of 103 students with postvaccination serologic testing, three had evidence of previous hepatitis B virus infection, four had no evidence of vaccine induced immunity, and 96 (96% of susceptible students) developed protective levels of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen. The geometric mean antibody titer among persons responding to vaccination was 661 mIU. Conclusion: Hepatitis B vaccination of adolescents can be successfully integrated into a middle school setting. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CASSIDY, WM (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,SCH MED,EARL K LONG MED CTR,LSU UNIT,5825 AIRLINE HIGHWAY,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803, USA. NR 8 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 4 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(95)00132-C PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA TC364 UT WOS:A1995TC36400004 PM 8580125 ER PT J AU CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM ASHLEY, DL BONIN, M WOOTEN, J AF CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM ASHLEY, DL BONIN, M WOOTEN, J TI TREATMENT OF VACUTAINERS FOR USE IN THE ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN BLOOD AT THE LOW PARTS-PER-TRILLION LEVEL SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPOSURE; VOLUNTEERS; KINETICS; PURGE RP CARDINALI, FL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 557 EP 560 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RW088 UT WOS:A1995RW08800004 PM 8530562 ER PT J AU VANDERAVOORT, HGAM HULL, BP HOVI, T PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM CRAINIC, R WOOD, DJ MULDERS, MN VANLOON, AM AF VANDERAVOORT, HGAM HULL, BP HOVI, T PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM CRAINIC, R WOOD, DJ MULDERS, MN VANLOON, AM TI COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF 5 METHODS FOR INTRATYPIC DIFFERENTIATION OF POLIOVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POLIOMYELITIS; STRAINS; TYPE-1; CIRCULATION; ANTISERA; FINLAND AB A coded panel of 90 poliovirus isolates, 30 of each of the three known serotypes, was used to evaluate five methods for the intratypic differentiation of polioviruses: (i) an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal cross-absorbed antisera (PAb-E), (ii) a neutralization assay with type-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb-N), (iii) a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, (Iv) a Sabin vaccine strain-specific PCR assay, and (v) a Sabin vaccine strain-specific cRNA probe hybridization (ProHyb) assay. Sequence analysis was used for the definitive characterization of the strains. The panel was distributed to five laboratories; each laboratory analyzed the strains by at least two methods. Each method was used by three or four laboratories. The total performance scores (percentage correct results per number of tests) of the five methods were 96.7% for PAb-E, 93.9% for MAb-N, 91.9% for RFLP assay, 93.3% for Sabin vaccine strain-specific PCR, and 97.4% for Sabin vaccine strain-specific ProHyb. Consistent results were obtained by each laboratory for 88 of 90 isolates (97.8%) examined by PAb-E, 81 of 90 isolates (90.0%) examined by MAb-N, 78 of 90 isolates (86.7%) examined by RFLP assay, 81 of 90 isolates (90.0%) examined by PCR, and 89 of 90 isolates (98.9%) examined by ProHyb assay. Six strains were classified differently by different methods. It is recommended that at least two methods be used for the intratypic differentiation of poliovirus isolates, and each method should be based on a different principle (i.e., antigenic properties and nucleotide sequence composition). If two assays yield discrepant results, further characterization, preferably by partial sequence determination, will be required for correct identification. C1 WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAM VACCINES,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. INST PASTEUR,PARIS,FRANCE. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. RP VANDERAVOORT, HGAM (reprint author), RIJKSINST VOLKGEZONDHEID MILIEUHYG,NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,VIROL LAB,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. NR 27 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2562 EP 2566 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RV565 UT WOS:A1995RV56500007 PM 8567883 ER PT J AU MARQUES, LRM ABE, CM GRIFFIN, PM GOMES, TAT AF MARQUES, LRM ABE, CM GRIFFIN, PM GOMES, TAT TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN PRODUCTION AND HELA CELL-DETACHING ACTIVITY IN FECAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA; ADHERENCE; CHILDREN; PATTERNS; STRAINS; ENTEROADHERENT; DIFFUSE; TOXIN; GENES AB Escherichia coli isolates that cause detachment of cell monolayers during in vitro adherence assays (cell-detaching E. coli [CDEC]) were recently reported as a potential new group of enteropathogenic bacteria. In the present study, 269 E. coli isolates from feces of children 1 to 5 years of age were identified as CDEC in a detaching assay developed with HeLa cells. The great majority of these isolates,were hemolytic,within 3 h of growth on blood agar plates and hybridized with a DNA probe for alpha-hemolysin (93.7%), while most of the non-detaching isolates were hemolytic,within 24 h (3.6%) or nonhemolytic (94.8%). E. coli isolates that produced alpha hemolysin were found in 60 (30%) of 200 children with diarrhea and 47 (24%) of 200 age-matched controls. No statistical significance was found for the differences in alpha-hemolysin production among the matched pairs (P = 0.2). These data suggest that CDEC isolates are not associated with diarrhea in the population studied. C1 ESCOLA PAULISTA MED,DEPT MICROBIOL IMUNOL & PARASITOL,BR-04023062 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MARQUES, LRM (reprint author), INST ADOLFO LUTZ REGISTRO,SECAO BACTERIOL,AV DR ARNALDO 355,BR-01246902 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Abe, Cecilia/F-1518-2013; Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Abe, Cecilia/0000-0003-0218-9372; Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2707 EP 2709 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RV565 UT WOS:A1995RV56500034 PM 8567910 ER PT J AU SWENSON, PD LOWENS, MS CELUM, CL HIERHOLZER, JC AF SWENSON, PD LOWENS, MS CELUM, CL HIERHOLZER, JC TI ADENOVIRUS TYPE-2, TYPE-8, AND TYPE-37 ASSOCIATED WITH GENITAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINIC SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Adenoviruses (Ads) are an important cause of respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis, but they are seldom recognized as a potential cause of sexually transmitted disease. We performed virus cultures on approximately 7,000 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic or other health department clinics for the evaluation of genital ulcers, urethritis, or conjunctivitis. Ads were isolated from genital or conjunctival specimens obtained from 23 (0.33%) patients. Among the 20 Ad-positive men, 15 (75%) had urethritis, 12 (60%) had conjunctivitis, and 10 (50%) had both. All three Ad-positive women had vaginal discharge and genital ulcers or fissures, Ad isolates from 17 patients were available for serotyping. Ad type 37 was isolated from 14 patients, Ad type 8 was isolated from 2 patients, and Ad type 2 was isolated from 1 patient. In three of the Ad type 37 cases, Ad was recovered from both urethral and conjunctival specimens. One of the Ad type 8 cases had conjunctivitis, but the Ad type 2 case did not. Ads, particularly type 37, may be a sexually transmissible cause of genital ulcers, urethritis, and conjunctivitis. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT LAB MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SWENSON, PD (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH LAB,1303 PUBL SAFETY BLDG,SEATTLE,WA 98104, USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2728 EP 2731 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RV565 UT WOS:A1995RV56500038 PM 8567914 ER PT J AU SMITHWICK, RW BIGBIE, MR FERGUSON, RB KARLIX, MA WALLIS, CK AF SMITHWICK, RW BIGBIE, MR FERGUSON, RB KARLIX, MA WALLIS, CK TI PHENOLIC ACRIDINE-ORANGE FLUORESCENT STAIN FOR MYCOBACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A new fluorescence acid-fast staining method with acridine orange as the specific stain is presented. Only two reagents are required: the acridine orange-specific stain and a destaining-counterstaining reagent. Compared with auramine fluorescence acid-fast staining, there was less nonspecific staining of non-acid-fast debris which fluoresced a pale green contrasting color to provide a background in which to search for the red-to-orange fluorescing acid-fast bacilli. The results of the study indicate that the acridine orange method is superior to the auramine method in detecting acid-fast bacilli in specimen smears. C1 TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,LAB SERV,NASHVILLE,TN 37219. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,DIV SCI LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. INDIANA STATE BOARD HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL LAB,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46206. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. RP SMITHWICK, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAIL STOP F-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2763 EP 2764 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RV565 UT WOS:A1995RV56500045 PM 8567921 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA DAVIS, MS REDDICK, A BELL, MF GEARHART, ED VONMOLL, L AF PADHYE, AA DAVIS, MS REDDICK, A BELL, MF GEARHART, ED VONMOLL, L TI MYCOLEPTODISCUS INDICUS - A NEW ETIOLOGIC AGENT OF PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Mycoleptodiscus indicus, a dematiaceous hyphomycete, was identified as the causal agent of subcutaneous infection in the knee of a 72-year-old male gardener residing in coastal South Carolina. The patient had Wegener's granulomatosis and immunodeficiency. Synovial fluid and biopsy tissue sections from the prepatellar bursa stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Gomori methenamine silver stains revealed branched, septate hyphae and many moniliform hyphal elements. When tissue sections were stained by the Fontana-Masson procedure, melanin pigment in the hyphal cell walls and at the septa was evident. A velvety, dematiaceous mold was isolated from both synovial fluid and the biopsy tissue. Sporulation was induced by exposure of slide cultures on potato dextrose agar to UV light for 12 h at 25 degrees C followed by incubation of the slide cultures at 25 degrees C in the dark for 4 weeks. Clypeate sporodochia consisting of ampulliform, compressed, phialidic conidiogenous cells produced curved, hyaline, one-celled conidia with setulae at one or both ends. Initial treatment with fluconazole for 7 days was not effective, and cultures were positive after treatment. Treatment with amphotericin B with concomitant irrigation and debridement of the affected area followed by treatment with itraconazole resulted in resolution of the infection. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL, COLUMBIA, SC 29202 USA. CHARLESTON NAVAL HOSP, CHARLESTON, SC 29405 USA. MED UNIV S CAROLINA, DIV INFECT DIS, CHARLESTON, SC 29425 USA. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2796 EP 2797 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RV565 UT WOS:A1995RV56500055 PM 8567931 ER PT J AU SHAY, DK MALONEY, SA MONTECALVO, M BANERJEE, S WORMSER, GP ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA JARVIS, WR AF SHAY, DK MALONEY, SA MONTECALVO, M BANERJEE, S WORMSER, GP ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA JARVIS, WR TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MORTALITY RISK OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCAL BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL ID STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION; APACHE-II; FAECIUM; GENTAMICIN; SEVERITY; OUTBREAK; TRENDS AB Risk factors for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) bloodstream infection (BSI) were studied at a tertiary-care hospital by comparing 46 patients with VRE-BSI with 46 randomly selected patients with vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal (VSE) BSI. Among patients with an enterococcal BSI, risk factors for mortality were determined, Independent risk factors for VRE-BSI were increasing APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR], 2.3/5-point increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.9), receipt of vancomycin (OR, 11; 95% CI, 5.5-21), or diagnosis of hematologic malignancy (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 3.9-18). After controlling for APACHE II score and gender, patients with VRE- versus VSE-BSI did not have a significantly elevated risk of mortality (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 0.7-15). Five of 28 VRE blood isolates typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis had identical banding patterns. These data suggest that increasing severity of illness, underlying disease, and receipt of vancomycin are major risk factors for VRE-BSI. C1 NEW YORK MED COLL,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,VALHALLA,NY 10595. RP SHAY, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-69,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012; OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X; Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 36 TC 245 Z9 250 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 172 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1000 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RW062 UT WOS:A1995RW06200012 PM 7561221 ER PT J AU DOWELL, SF TOROK, TJ THORP, JA HEDRICK, J ERDMAN, DD ZAKI, SR HINKLE, CJ BAYER, WL ANDERSON, LJ AF DOWELL, SF TOROK, TJ THORP, JA HEDRICK, J ERDMAN, DD ZAKI, SR HINKLE, CJ BAYER, WL ANDERSON, LJ TI PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION IN-HOSPITAL WORKERS - COMMUNITY OR HOSPITAL ACQUISITION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note CT Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY OCT, 1994 CL ORLANDO, FL ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IGM ANTIBODIES; STAFF MEMBERS; OUTBREAK; PATIENT; DNA AB A suspected nosocomial outbreak of parvovirus B19 infection in a maternity ward was investigated in February 1994. Questionnaires were administered and sera collected from maternity ward staff (n = 91), other ward staff in the same hospital (n = 101), and maternity ward staff at a nearby hospital (n = 81), Blood donors (n = 265) were used as community controls. Recent infection (parvovirus B19 IgM positivity) in susceptible persons (parvovirus B19 IgG-negative or IgM-positive) was common among all 4 groups (23%-30%). This high rate of recent infection occurred during a large community outbreak of fifth disease, Environmental samples collected from a room where a stillborn parvovirus B19-infected fetus was delivered were positive for parvovirus B19 DNA. Thus, this suspected nosocomial outbreak actually reflected transmission outside the hospital, but contaminated environmental surfaces were identified as one potential source for transmission of parvovirus B19. C1 ST LUKES HOSP,MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,KANSAS CITY,MO. COMMUNITY BLOOD CTR,KANSAS CITY,MO. RP DOWELL, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-17,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1076 EP 1079 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RW062 UT WOS:A1995RW06200023 PM 7561182 ER PT J AU RODRIGUE, DC MAST, EE GREENE, KD DAVIS, JP HUTCHINSON, MA WELLS, JG BARRETT, TJ GRIFFIN, PM AF RODRIGUE, DC MAST, EE GREENE, KD DAVIS, JP HUTCHINSON, MA WELLS, JG BARRETT, TJ GRIFFIN, PM TI A UNIVERSITY OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157/H7 INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ROAST BEEF AND AN UNUSUALLY BENIGN CLINICAL COURSE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; O157-H7 INFECTIONS; TOXIN-II; ANTIBODIES AB An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections occurred after a graduation banquet at a university in Wisconsin. Sixty-one (32%) of 193 banquet attendees developed a gastrointestinal illness; 2 were hospitalized, none developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and none died. The spectrum of illness was unusually mild, with 61% of ill persons reporting nonbloody diarrhea. A strain of E. coli O157:H7, indistinguishable from the outbreak strain by toxin type, plasmid profile, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, was isolated from an unopened package of an uncooked round of beef from the original shipment of meat. An investigation suggested that both undercooked roast beef and salad cross-contaminated with beef were vehicles of transmission. These findings demonstrate that meat from beef cattle may transmit E. coli O157:H7, and such infections among young to middle-aged adults may be mild and may often go undetected. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV FIELD SERV, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV, BUR PUBL HLTH, MADISON, WI USA. UNIV WISCONSIN, WISCONSIN STATE LAB HYG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 15 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1122 EP 1125 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RW062 UT WOS:A1995RW06200035 PM 7561194 ER PT J AU JAMESON, P GREENE, C REGNERY, R DRYDEN, M MARKS, A BROWN, J COOPER, J GLAUS, B GREENE, R AF JAMESON, P GREENE, C REGNERY, R DRYDEN, M MARKS, A BROWN, J COOPER, J GLAUS, B GREENE, R TI PREVALENCE OF BARTONELLA-HENSELAE ANTIBODIES IN PET CATS THROUGHOUT REGIONS OF NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLEA AB Cat exposure has been directly associated with the development of human Bartonella henselae infections, resulting in cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, or bacteremia. The prevalence of serum antibody titers to B. henselae was determined for selected pet cats from 33 geographic locations throughout the United States and several areas in western Canada. Seroprevalences paralleled increasing climatic warmth (P < .02) and annual precipitation (P < .03). These warm, humid areas with the highest seroprevalence would also have the highest number of potential arthropod vectors, The southeastern United States, Hawaii, coastal California, the Pacific Northwest, and the south central plains had the highest average prevalences (54.6%, 47.4%, 40.0%, 34.3%, and 36.7%, respectively). Alaska, the Rocky Mountain-Great Plains region, and the Midwest had low average prevalences (5.0%, 3.7%, and 6.7%, respectively). Overall, 27.9% (175/628) of the cats tested were seropositive. The seroprevalence of B. henselae in cats varies throughout the United States and appears to be influenced by climate. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KANSAS STATE UNIV AGR & APPL SCI,COLL VET MED,CTR VET MED,DEPT PATHOL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. SW VET DIAGNOST,PHOENIX,AZ. RP JAMESON, P (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT SMALL ANIM MED,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 15 TC 169 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1145 EP 1149 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RW062 UT WOS:A1995RW06200041 PM 7561200 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, LR ZAKI, SR GOLDOFT, MJ TODD, RL KHAN, AS KHABBAZ, RF KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ AF ARMSTRONG, LR ZAKI, SR GOLDOFT, MJ TODD, RL KHAN, AS KHABBAZ, RF KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME-ASSOCIATED WITH ENTERING OR CLEANING RARELY USED, RODENT-INFESTED STRUCTURES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,OLYMPIA,WA. NEVADA STATE DIV HLTH,CARSON CITY,NV. RP ARMSTRONG, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 172 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1166 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RW062 UT WOS:A1995RW06200047 PM 7561206 ER PT J AU ANDO, T JIN, Q GENTSCH, JR MONROE, SS NOEL, JS DOWELL, SF CICIRELLO, HG KOHN, MA GLASS, RI AF ANDO, T JIN, Q GENTSCH, JR MONROE, SS NOEL, JS DOWELL, SF CICIRELLO, HG KOHN, MA GLASS, RI TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS OF NOVEL MOLECULAR METHODS TO DETECT AND DIFFERENTIATE SMALL ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUSES (NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SMALL ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUSES (SRSVS); NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; GASTROENTERITIS ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; FOOD HANDLER; OUTBREAK; AGENT; WATER AB The molecular epidemiology of a large, multistate outbreak of oyster-associated gastroenteritis [Kohn et al. (1995): Journal of the American Medical Association 273:466-471. Dowell et al. (1995): Journal of Infectious Diseases 171:1497-1503.] was examined using new methods to detect small round structured viruses (SRSVs) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to characterize strains by Southern hybridization and nucleotide sequencing of 81-bp of a PCR product amplified from the RNA polymerase gene. Of 37 stool specimens examined from patients in eight clusters of the multistate outbreak, 32 (86%) gave RT-PCR products specific for SRSVs of P1-A phylogenetic group. Nineteen PCR products from the eight clusters were confirmed to have the identical sequence, indicating that this large outbreak was attributed to a single strain of SRSV. In one of the eight clusters, five (63%) of eight patients had a mixed infection with a second SRSV strain that belonged to P2-B phylogenetic group. Of 12 specimens from patients in five other outbreaks and one sporadic case which occurred at the same time as the multistate outbreak, 10 (83%) gave products specific for SRSVs representing four phylogenetic groups (P1-A, P1-B, P2-A, and P2-B). The sequences of the P1-A products from two outbreaks and that of the P2-B product from another outbreak were identical to the P1-A sequence from the eight clusters and the P2-B sequence from the one cluster of the multistate outbreak, respectively. These results demonstrate the first application of these methods to enhance our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of SRSVs and provide answers of public health interest that could not have been obtained using classical epidemiologic methods alone. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP ANDO, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 35 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 47 IS 2 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890470207 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RX424 UT WOS:A1995RX42400006 PM 8830118 ER PT J AU CALL, JL PILCHER, JB FREEMAN, GL TSANG, VCW AF CALL, JL PILCHER, JB FREEMAN, GL TSANG, VCW TI SERUM-FREE CULTURING OF ADULT SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI IN DIALYSIS BAGS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXCRETORY/SECRETORY ANTIGENS SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTIVATION; INVITRO; ANTIBODIES; CERCARIAE; ELISA AB Antigenic excretory/secretory (E/S) products from Schistosoma mansoni are potentially important in the development of diagnostic assays used to detect circulating antigens in schistosomiasis. The E/S products to be used as antigen(s) for this development must, by necessity, be free of exogenous proteins. The ability to extend serum-free in vitro culture of adult worms is, therefore, essential. Adult worms were perfused from mice, washed in serum-free RPMI-1640 with antibiotics, and placed in sterile dialysis bags, molecular weight cut-off 10 kDa, at a concentration of 100 worms in 1 ml of serum-free, supplemented RPMI-1640. Each bag was then placed in a flask of supplemented RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum in a humidified incubator at 37 C, 7% CO2. At days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 12, worms were collected; E/S culture medium was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Worm survival rates were 85% after I day in culture, dropping gradually to 65% on day 8, and then to 38% on day 12. Silver stain for total protein and immunoblot exposed to positive human infection serum showed E/S culture media from days 3 and 5 having the least complex banding pattern. The quantitative specific activity of E/S, as measured by antigen-limiting Falcon assay screening test system-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays against human infection serum, indicates E/S antigenicity closely follows the attrition of worms and, therefore, may be directed against the release of somatic antigens by dead worms. Culturing S. mansoni in dialysis tubing is useful in deriving E/S products. RP CALL, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 81 IS 5 BP 742 EP 746 DI 10.2307/3283965 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TA700 UT WOS:A1995TA70000015 PM 7472866 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML WALKER, EM STEURER, FJ AF EBERHARD, ML WALKER, EM STEURER, FJ TI SURVIVAL AND INFECTIVITY OF BABESIA IN BLOOD MAINTAINED AT 25 C AND 2-4 C SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MICROTI AB Babesia microti-infected blood was stored at room temperature (similar to 25 C) or refrigerated (4 C) for 30 days. To assess viability of the parasites after storage at these 2 temperatures, a 0.25-ml aliquot was inoculated into each of 2 hamsters in 2 separate experiments at days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 25, and 30. Blood films were prepared and examined weekly for the presence of parasites from all hamsters. Of hamsters inoculated with blood held at room temperature, only those inoculated at day 3 became positive, whereas 4/4 hamsters inoculated with refrigerated blood on day 17 became parasitemic and 1/4 hamsters inoculated with blood held for 21 days became parasitemic. These results indicate that under blood banking conditions, this intracellular protozoan parasite can remain infective and transfusion-acquired infection with this parasite could occur throughout most of the time that blood is normally stored. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 81 IS 5 BP 790 EP 792 DI 10.2307/3283978 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TA700 UT WOS:A1995TA70000027 PM 7472878 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML BRANDT, FH AF EBERHARD, ML BRANDT, FH TI THE ROLE OF TADPOLES AND FROGS AS PARATENIC HOSTS IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF DRACUNCULUS-INSIGNIS (NEMATODA, DRACUNCULOIDEA) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FERRETS AB The possibility exists that paratenic hosts play a role in the life cycle of various Dracunculus species. In the present study, we established that tadpoles of 2 genera of frogs (Xenopus and Rana) were capable of ingesting copepods infected with third-stage larvae (L3) of Dracunculus insignis. Once ingested, the L3s migrated from the gut to the somatic tissues of the tadpoles. In Xenopus, the dracunculid larvae persisted through the metamorphosis of the tadpoles into adult frogs. These observations confirm the concept that paratenic hosts, such as tadpoles or frogs, may be important means of transporting infective larvae of Dracunculus species up the food chain and facilitate transmission to the definitive hosts. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 81 IS 5 BP 792 EP 793 DI 10.2307/3283979 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA TA700 UT WOS:A1995TA70000028 PM 7472879 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF FUCHS, HA LARSEN, A KAYE, J AF PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF FUCHS, HA LARSEN, A KAYE, J TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF HAND RADIOGRAPHS IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS - TIME-COURSE OF RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES, RELATION TO JOINT EXAMINATION MEASURES, AND COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT SCORING METHODS SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RADIOGRAPHS; LARSEN SCORE; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SHARP SCORE; JOINT COUNT ID STANDARD REFERENCE FILMS; PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP; OBSERVER VARIATION; ARTICULAR DISEASE; DAMAGE; PROGRESSION; SEVERITY; ASSOCIATIONS; ASSESSMENTS; SYSTEM AB Quantitative studies of hand radiographs inpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) indicate that radiographic joint space narrowing and erosion are seen in more than 67% of patients within the 1st 2 years of disease, and progresses most rapidly during the 1st 5 years of disease, according to currently used scoring methods. Radiographic malalignment is rarely seen until after 5 years of disease. In cross sectional studies, correlations of radiographic scores with physical examination scores are minimally significant for joint tenderness, modestly significant for joint swelling, and highly significant for joint deformity and limited motion. In cross sectional studies, 3 quantitative methods, the Steinbrocker radiographic stage, modified Sharp method, and Larsen method, are highly significantly correlated and yield similar results in comparisons with other clinical measures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HOSP SPECIAL SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10021. KONGSVINGER SJUKENHUS,DEPT RHEUMATOL,KONGSVINGER,SWEDEN. RP PINCUS, T (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,T-3219 MED CTR N,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 10 BP 1983 EP 1989 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX863 UT WOS:A1995RX86300033 PM 8992005 ER PT J AU SATCHER, D AF SATCHER, D TI SCHOOL-HEALTH POLICIES AND PROGRAMS STUDY (SHPPS) - A SUMMARY REPORT - FOREWORD SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 289 EP 289 PG 1 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600001 ER PT J AU KANN, L COLLINS, JL PATEMAN, BC SMALL, ML ROSS, JG KOLBE, LJ AF KANN, L COLLINS, JL PATEMAN, BC SMALL, ML ROSS, JG KOLBE, LJ TI THE SCHOOL-HEALTH POLICIES AND PROGRAMS STUDY (SHPPS) - RATIONALE FOR A NATIONWIDE STATUS-REPORT ON SCHOOL-HEALTH PROGRAMS SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE & EVALUAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MARCO INT,CALVERTON,MD 20705. RP KANN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600002 PM 8558856 ER PT J AU ERRECART, MT ROSS, JG ROBB, W WARREN, CW KANN, L COLLINS, JL PATEMAN, BC SMALL, ML SUNDBERG, EC AF ERRECART, MT ROSS, JG ROBB, W WARREN, CW KANN, L COLLINS, JL PATEMAN, BC SMALL, ML SUNDBERG, EC TI METHODOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE & EVALUAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ERRECART, MT (reprint author), MARCO INT,126 COLL ST,BURLINGTON,VT 05401, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600003 PM 8558857 ER PT J AU COLLINS, JL SMALL, ML KANN, L PATEMAN, BC GOLD, RS KOLBE, LJ AF COLLINS, JL SMALL, ML KANN, L PATEMAN, BC GOLD, RS KOLBE, LJ TI SCHOOL-HEALTH EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MARCO INT,CALVERTON,MD 20705. RP COLLINS, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE & EVALUAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 302 EP 311 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600004 PM 8558858 ER PT J AU PATE, RR SMALL, ML ROSS, JG YOUNG, JC FLINT, KH WARREN, CW AF PATE, RR SMALL, ML ROSS, JG YOUNG, JC FLINT, KH WARREN, CW TI SCHOOL PHYSICAL-EDUCATION SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MARCO INT,CALVERTON,MD 20705. NATL ASSOC SPORT & PHYS EDUC,RESTON,VA 22091. RP PATE, RR (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EXERCISE SCI,PE CTR,ROOM 113,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 11 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 312 EP 318 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600006 PM 8558859 ER PT J AU SMALL, ML MAJER, LS ALLENSWORTH, DD FARQUHAR, BK KANN, L PATEMAN, BC AF SMALL, ML MAJER, LS ALLENSWORTH, DD FARQUHAR, BK KANN, L PATEMAN, BC TI SCHOOL-HEALTH SERVICES SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 ANNE ARUNDEL CTY DEPT HLTH,SCH SUPPORT SERV,ANNAPOLIS,MD 21401. AMER SCH HLTH ASSOC,KENT,OH 44240. NATL ASSOC SCH NURSES,SCARBOROUGH,ME 04074. RP SMALL, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE & EVALUAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 319 EP 326 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600007 PM 8558860 ER PT J AU PATEMAN, BC MCKINNEY, P KANN, L SMALL, ML WARREN, CW COLLINS, JL AF PATEMAN, BC MCKINNEY, P KANN, L SMALL, ML WARREN, CW COLLINS, JL TI SCHOOL FOOD-SERVICE SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. USDA,OFF ANAL & EVALUAT,FOOD & CONSUMER SERV,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22302. RP PATEMAN, BC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600008 PM 8558861 ER PT J AU ROSS, JG EINHAUS, KE HOHENEMSER, LK GREENE, BZ KANN, L GOLD, RS AF ROSS, JG EINHAUS, KE HOHENEMSER, LK GREENE, BZ KANN, L GOLD, RS TI SCHOOL-HEALTH POLICIES PROHIBITING TOBACCO USE, ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG-USE, AND VIOLENCE SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 NATL SCH BOARDS ASSOC,HIV AIDS EDUC,ALEXANDRIA,VA 22314. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ROSS, JG (reprint author), MARCO INT,11785 BELTSVILLE DR,CALVERTON,MD 20705, USA. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600009 PM 8558862 ER PT J AU KOLBE, LJ KANN, L COLLINS, JL SMALL, ML PATEMAN, BC WARREN, CW AF KOLBE, LJ KANN, L COLLINS, JL SMALL, ML PATEMAN, BC WARREN, CW TI THE SCHOOL-HEALTH POLICIES AND PROGRAMS STUDY (SHPPS) - CONTEXT, METHODS, GENERAL FINDINGS, AND FUTURE EFFORTS SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,SURVEILLANCE & EVALUAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KOLBE, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD OCT PY 1995 VL 65 IS 8 BP 339 EP 343 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TB376 UT WOS:A1995TB37600010 PM 8558863 ER PT J AU WOOLUMS, AR DENICOLA, DB RHYAN, JC MURPHY, DA KAZACOS, KR JENKINS, SJ KAUFMAN, L THORNBURG, M AF WOOLUMS, AR DENICOLA, DB RHYAN, JC MURPHY, DA KAZACOS, KR JENKINS, SJ KAUFMAN, L THORNBURG, M TI PULMONARY HISTOPLASMOSIS IN A LLAMA SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,VET SERV,NATL VET SERV LABS,PATHOBIOL LAB,AMES,IA 50010. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WOOLUMS, AR (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET CLIN SCI,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 567 EP 569 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TE596 UT WOS:A1995TE59600030 PM 8580189 ER PT J AU HAMIR, AN GALLIGAN, DT EBEL, JG MANZELL, KL NIU, HS RUPPRECHT, CE AF HAMIR, AN GALLIGAN, DT EBEL, JG MANZELL, KL NIU, HS RUPPRECHT, CE TI LEAD CONCENTRATIONS IN FROZEN AND FORMALIN-FIXED TISSUES FROM RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) ADMINISTERED ORAL LEAD ACETATE SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Note C1 UNIV PENN,NEW BOLTON CTR,SCH VET MED,DEPT CLIN STUDIES,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT TOXICOL,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14850. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,CTR NEUROVIROL,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HAMIR, AN (reprint author), UNIV PENN,NEW BOLTON CTR,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL,KENNETT SQ,PA 19348, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI COLUMBIA PA PO BOX 6023, COLUMBIA, MO 65205 SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 7 IS 4 BP 580 EP 582 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TE596 UT WOS:A1995TE59600036 PM 8580195 ER PT J AU LAIRMORE, MD DIGEORGE, AM CONRAD, SF TREVINO, AV LAL, RB KAUMAYA, PTP AF LAIRMORE, MD DIGEORGE, AM CONRAD, SF TREVINO, AV LAL, RB KAUMAYA, PTP TI HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-1 PEPTIDES IN CHIMERIC AND MULTIVALENT CONSTRUCTS WITH PROMISCUOUS T-CELL EPITOPES ENHANCE IMMUNOGENICITY AND OVERCOME GENETIC RESTRICTION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTEIN ANTIGENS; ANTIBODY; HELPER; GP46; DETERMINANTS; RECOGNITION; IDENTIFICATION; PREDICTION AB Conventional strategies of viral peptide immunizations often elicit low-affinity antibody responses and have limited ability to elicit immune responses in outbred animals of diverse major histocompatibility (MHC) haplotypes. This genetically restricted T-cell-stimulatory activity of peptides is a serious obstacle to vaccine design. However, the use of promiscuous T-cell epitopes may circumvent this problem. Promiscuous T-cell epitopes from tetanus toxin (amino acids [aa] 580 to 599) and the measles virus F protein (aa 288 to 302) that bind to several isotypic and allotypic forms of human MHC class II molecules have been identified and have been used in highly immunogenic constructs to overcome haplotype-restricted immune responses. Chimeric and beta-template peptide constructs incorporating known human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) B- and T-cell epitopes from the surface envelope protein gp46 (SP2 [aa 86 to 107] and SP4a [aa 190 to 209]) and promiscuous T-cell peptides were synthesized, and their immunogenicities were evaluated in both rabbits and mouse strains of divergent haplotypes (C3H/HeJ [H-2(k)], C57BL/6 [H-2(b)], and BALB/c [H-2(d)]). In addition, peptide preparations were structurally characterized by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism. In contrast to their linear forms, the chimeric constructs of both the SP2 and SP4a epitopes displayed alpha-helical secondary structures. Immunogenicity of the peptide constructs was evaluated by direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), as well as by radioimmunoprecipitation, syncytium inhibition, and antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation assays. Immunization with the SP4a peptide without conjugation to a carrier protein produced antibodies specific for SP4a in two mouse strains (C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6). However, BALB/c mice failed to respond to the peptide, indicating that the T-cell epitope of the SP4a sequence is MHC restricted, In contrast, the chimeric constructs MVF-SP2 and SP4a-measles virus F protein were highly immunogenic, producing elevated ELISA titers after only two immunizations. Elicited antibodies recognized native forms of gp46 in ELISAs and radioimmunoprecipitation assays, as well as inhibited HTLV-1-mediated syncytium formation. In addition, chimeric constructs were effective at induction of lymphocyte proliferation to the T-cell epitope, SP4a, in each strain of immunized mice. Our data demonstrate that the antibody response to retroviral peptides is enhanced by promiscuous peptide constructs, in part because of the ability of such constructs to promote appropriate secondary structural forms of viral epitopes. In addition, these constructs promote virus-specific helper T-cell responses, thereby overcoming genetically restricted immune responses to the synthetic peptides. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAIRMORE, MD (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR RETROVIRUS RES,DEPT VET BIOSCI,1925 COFFEY RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55185, P30 CA16058-18] NR 56 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 69 IS 10 BP 6077 EP 6089 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA RU784 UT WOS:A1995RU78400018 PM 7545241 ER PT J AU HART, CE SALTARELLI, MJ GALPHIN, JC SCHOCHETMAN, G AF HART, CE SALTARELLI, MJ GALPHIN, JC SCHOCHETMAN, G TI A HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 12-ASSOCIATED 83-KILODALTON CELLULAR PROTEIN SPECIFICALLY BINDS TO THE LOOP REGION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 TRANSACTIVATION RESPONSE ELEMENT SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID TAT-MEDIATED TRANSACTIVATION; HIV-1 TAT; NUCLEAR-PROTEIN; RNA SEQUENCES; RODENT CELLS; NASCENT RNA; TRANSCRIPTION; INVITRO; BULGE; IDENTIFICATION AB trans activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) involves the viral trans-activator protein (Tat) and a cellular factor(s) encoded on human chromosome 12 (HuChr12) that targets the trans-activation response element (TAR) in the viral long terminal repeat. Because nascent TAR RNA is predicted to form a secondary structure that specifically binds cellular proteins, we investigated the composition of the TAR RNA-protein complex for HuChr12-specific proteins. UV cross-linking of TAR RNA-nuclear protein complexes formed in vitro identified an 83-kDa protein in human cells and in a human-hamster hybrid cell containing only HuChr12. The 83-kDa TAR RNA-binding protein was absent in the parental hamster cells. TAR RNA mutations that inhibited binding of the 83-kDa protein in vitro also inhibited HuChr12-dependent rat trans activation. These TAR mutations changed the native sequence or secondary structure of the TAR loop. The TAR RNA binding activity of the 83-kDa protein also correlated with a HuChr12-dependent increase in steady-state HIV-1 RNA expression during Tat trans activation. Our results suggest that either a species-specific 83-kDa TAR RNA loop-binding protein is directly encoded on HuChr12 or a HuChr12 protein(s) induces the expression of an 83-kDa TAR-binding protein in nonprimate cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HART, CE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 69 IS 10 BP 6593 EP 6599 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA RU784 UT WOS:A1995RU78400080 PM 7666565 ER PT J AU MCLEAN, RG CRANS, WJ CACCAMISE, DF NCNELLY, J KIRK, LJ MITCHELL, CJ CALISHER, CH AF MCLEAN, RG CRANS, WJ CACCAMISE, DF NCNELLY, J KIRK, LJ MITCHELL, CJ CALISHER, CH TI EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION OF WADING BIRDS WITH EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ARBOVIRUS; EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; WADING BIRDS; EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION; RESERVOIR COMPETENCE; GLOSSY IBIS; PLEGADIS FALCINELLUS; SNOWY EGRET; EGRETTA THULA ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; HOSTS AB To study the susceptibility of wading birds to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus and to determine their potential as reservoir or amplifying hosts, fledgling glossy ibises (Plegadis falcinellus) and snowy egrets (Egretta thula) were captured in New Jersey (USA) and shipped to Colorado (USA) where they were experimentally inoculated with EEE virus. All 16 snowy egrets and 14 (93%) of 15 of the glossy ibises inoculated became viremic with moderate titers, and all survivors developed neutralizing antibody. Six ibises and two egrets died during the first week after inoculation, and EEE virus was isolated from the tissues of three birds. Our experimental results support field evidence about the relative involvement of glossy ibises and snowy egrets in the epizootiology of EEE virus in New Jersey. C1 RUTGERS STATE UNIV,COOK COLL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. COLORADO STATE UNIV,ARTHROPOD BORNE & INFECT DIS LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP MCLEAN, RG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 31 IS 4 BP 502 EP 508 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA TC335 UT WOS:A1995TC33500008 PM 8592381 ER PT J AU HOLTGRAVE, DR QUALLS, NL AF HOLTGRAVE, DR QUALLS, NL TI THRESHOLD ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMS FOR PREVENTION OF HIV-INFECTION SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; PREVENTION; THRESHOLD ANALYSIS; COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; TENTATIVE GUIDELINES; ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS; AIDS; ZIDOVUDINE; TRIAL AB Background. Measuring the economic effectiveness of HIV-infection prevention activities poses special challenges in terms of behavioral change acid health outcomes assessment. Methods. One way to address this difficulty is to employ threshold analysis to determine a level of cost per HIV infection averted above which society would seem unwilling to pay. The authors employ a cost-utility analytic framework to determine a monetary threshold for HIV prevention programs, subject base-case results to sensitivity analyses, and apply these results to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's fiscal year 1993 budget for extramural HIV prevention programs. Results. The monetary threshold for cost per HIV infection averted was calculated to be $417,000 in 1993 dollars, and ranged from $185,000 to $648,000 depending upon the dollar amount society would be willing to pay per quality-adjusted life year gained. Conclusions. Economic evaluations of particular HIV-infection prevention activities at least can begin by determining whether their levels of effectiveness are above or below this derived monetary threshold, and refinements beyond this dichotomous evaluation can proceed as further data become available. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 40 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1177/0272989X9501500402 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA RX673 UT WOS:A1995RX67300002 PM 8544675 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB STROUP, DF PETERSON, HB AF THACKER, SB STROUP, DF PETERSON, HB TI EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INTRAPARTUM ELECTRONIC FETAL MONITORING - AN UPDATE SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; CEREBRAL-PALSY; LOW-RISK; AUSCULTATION; POPULATION; LABOR AB Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of routine electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) of labor with intermittent auscultation, using the results of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data Sources: We identified RCTs by searching the MED-LINE data base for the period 1966-1994, contacting experts, and reviewing published references. Methods of Study Selection: Our search identified 12 published RCTs addressing the efficacy and safety of EFM; no unpublished studies were found. The studies included 58,855 pregnant women and their 59,324 infants in both high- and low-risk pregnancies from ten clinical centers in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Africa. Data Extraction ann Synthesis: Data were abstracted, and their accuracy was confirmed independently. A single reviewer assessed study quality based on criteria developed by others for RCTs. Data reported from similar studies were used to calculate a combined risk estimate for each of nine outcomes. Overall, a statistically significant decrease was associated with routine EFM for a 1-minute Apgar score less than 4 (relative risk [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.98) and neonatal seizures (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.30-0.82). The protective effect of EFM for a 1-minute Apgar score less than 4 was apparent only in the non-United States studies and the protective effect for neonatal seizures was evident only in studies with high-quality scores. No significant differences were observed in 1-minute Apgar scores less than 7, rate of admissions to neonatal intensive care units, and perinatal death. An increase associated with the use of EFM was observed in the rate of cesarean delivery (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.59) and total operative delivery (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15-1.31). Risk of cesarean delivery was greatest in low-risk pregnancies. Conclusion: The only clinically significant benefit from the use of routine EFM was in the reduction of neonatal seizures. Because of the increase in cesarean and operative vaginal deliveries, the long-term benefit of this reduction must be evaluated in the decision reached jointly by the pregnant woman and her clinician to use EFM or intermittent auscultation during labor. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MS-CO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 613 EP 620 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00232-G PN 1 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA RW226 UT WOS:A1995RW22600027 PM 7675390 ER PT J AU MACASAET, MA DUERR, A THELMO, W VERNON, SD UNGER, ER AF MACASAET, MA DUERR, A THELMO, W VERNON, SD UNGER, ER TI KAPOSI-SARCOMA PRESENTING AS A VULVAR MASS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDS; RISK; HIV AB Background: Kaposi sarcoma has become a common manifestation in people with AIDS, especially men. A few reports of Kaposi sarcoma in women with AIDS have involved nongenital areas. However, of the few patients with genital Kaposi sarcoma reported in the United States, none was believed to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. Genital Kaposi sarcoma associated with HIV has been reported in other parts of the world. Case: A 29-year-old black woman presented with severe vulvar pain, vaginal discharge, and a vulvar mass. She had been diagnosed with AIDS 25 months earlier. Biopsy of the vulvar mass revealed Kaposi sarcoma; viral analysis of the tumor was positive for herpes simplex virus type 2. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction product verified the presence of human papillomavirus 26. Conclusion: We report an HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma presenting as a vulvar mass. This report should alert health care providers to include Kaposi sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of Vulvar lesions. C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. RP MACASAET, MA (reprint author), SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,450 CLARKSON AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11203, USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU BHP HRSA HHS [CSA-94-134]; NICHD NIH HHS [R0I AL/HD 31834-03] NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 695 EP 697 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00090-E PN 2 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA RW686 UT WOS:A1995RW68600025 PM 7675418 ER PT J AU ATRASH, HK ALEXANDER, S BERG, CJ AF ATRASH, HK ALEXANDER, S BERG, CJ TI MATERNAL MORTALITY IN DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES - NOT JUST A CONCERN OF THE PAST SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; DEATHS; ASCERTAINMENT; FRANCE AB Objective: To review the activities in selected developed countries for strategies to identify maternal deaths, the impact of these strategies on underreporting, and the information needed to understand the events leading to death. Data Sources: We reviewed the literature from the United States, Europe, and Australia for publications dealing with maternal death identification and investigation from 1980 to April 1995. We also obtained information directly from researchers involved in major maternal mortality studies. Methods of Study Selection: We included all 31 reports (from 14 countries) that discussed methods to improve the ascertainment of maternal deaths beyond the routine use of vital registration. Because of the nature of the subject matter, almost all reports relied on descriptive epidemiology. Data Extraction and Synthesis: We found that a variety of methods can be used to improve the ascertainment of maternal deaths, including linkage of birth and fetal death certificates, check-boxes on death certificates, periodic review of deaths of reproductive-age women, and ongoing birth registries and medical audits. Information from a variety of sources is also needed to understand the events leading to death. Conclusion: The numbers of deaths due to pregnancy and its complications are underestimated in most developed countries. Improved ascertainment of maternal death is needed to determine the magnitude of the problem and to assess trends and identify risk groups, allowing development of appropriate and effective strategies to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy. C1 FREE UNIV BRUSSELS,SCH PUBL HLTH,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP ATRASH, HK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,PREGNANCY & INFANT HLTH BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 36 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 700 EP 705 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00200-B PN 2 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA RW686 UT WOS:A1995RW68600027 PM 7675420 ER PT J AU STOKES, L STARK, A MARSHALL, E NARANG, A AF STOKES, L STARK, A MARSHALL, E NARANG, A TI NEUROTOXICITY AMONG PESTICIDE APPLICATORS EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATES SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE VIBRATION SENSITIVITY; METHOD OF LIMITS; GUTHION ID VIBRATION SENSITIVITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; RELIABILITY AB Objectives-An epidemiological study of 90 male pesticide applicators licensed in New York was conducted to investigate the effect of exposure to organophosphate pesticides on the peripheral nervous system. Methods-A cohort of farmers and pesticide applicators from New York State were questioned off season (November 1988-February 1989) and again during the spraying season (April 1989-August 1989) about the presence of several acute signs and symptoms. Short term exposure was validated by measuring the concentration of dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), a metabolite of guthion, in urine. Chronic signs of subtle peripheral nerve damage were determined by vibration threshold sensitivity of the farmers and applicators tested during November 1988-February 1989 and compared with controls drawn from the general population who were tested during the same time period the next year (November 1989-February 1990). Vibration threshold sensitivity was determined for both the hands and feet. Long term exposure to pesticides was determined by questionnaire. Results-Paired t tests show that mean vibration threshold scores were significantly higher for the dominant (P < 0.00) and non-dominant (P < 0.04) hands among pesticide applicators when compared with scores for population based controls individually matched on age, sex, and county of residence. Conclusions-A significant increase in mean vibration threshold sensitivity for the dominant and non-dominant hand suggests previous organophosphate exposure among pesticide applicators was associated with a loss of peripheral nerve function. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LAB RES,ALBANY,CA. RP STOKES, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HLTH STUDIES,AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS-E31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 10 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 52 IS 10 BP 648 EP 653 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RX063 UT WOS:A1995RX06300004 PM 7489054 ER PT J AU HUNTING, KL LONGBOTTOM, H KALAVAR, SS STERN, F SCHWARTZ, E WELCH, LS AF HUNTING, KL LONGBOTTOM, H KALAVAR, SS STERN, F SCHWARTZ, E WELCH, LS TI HEMATOPOIETIC CANCER MORTALITY AMONG VEHICLE MECHANICS SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PETROL; BENZENE; HEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASMS ID ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; RUBBER INDUSTRY; PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION; RETROSPECTIVE COHORT; BENZENE WORKERS; EXPOSURE; SOLVENTS; PETROL; AGENTS AB Objective and Methods-This historical cohort study investigated causes of death among car and mobile equipment mechanics in the District of Columbia's Department of Public Works. Men who were employed for at least one year between 1977 and 1989 were eligible for inclusion in the cohort; follow up was up to the end of 1991. Three cases of leukaemia (index cases) had been reported among these workers before the inception of this study. This research was undertaken to estimate the relative risk of haematological cancer among mechanics working for the District of Columbia. Results-Among the 335 male fleet maintenance workers, the all cause standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.50 (33 observed deaths, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.35-0.70), and the all cancer SMR was 0.55 (nine deaths, 95% CI 0.25-1.05). Three deaths from lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer were observed; the SMR was 3.63 (95% CI 0.75-10.63). In the subgroup with highest potential for exposure to fuels and solvents, the SMR for leukaemia and aleukaemia was 9.26 (two deaths, 95% CI 1.12-33.43), and the SMR for other lymphatic and haematopoietic neoplasms was 2.57 (one death from malignant lymphoma, 95% CI 0.06-14.27). All three lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer deaths were among car and mobile equipment mechanics (one was an index case). The two additional index cases were a fourth mechanic who died of leukaemia in 1992, after mortality follow up ended, and a fifth mechanic who was diagnosed with leukaemia in 1988 and is still alive. Conclusion-Many garage mechanics in this cohort regularly used petrol to clean parts and to wash their hands; some workers would occasionally siphon petrol by mouth. Benzene, a recognised cause of haematological cancer, is a component of petrol. Previous research indicates that garage mechanics may be at risk of leukaemia and other haematological cancers, presumably due to exposure to petrol; this study supports those findings. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH. DIST COLUMBIA HUMAN SERV,BUR CANC CONTROL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP HUNTING, KL (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM MED,2300 K ST NW,ROOM 201,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 52 IS 10 BP 673 EP 678 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RX063 UT WOS:A1995RX06300008 PM 7489058 ER PT J AU Tubbs, RL AF Tubbs, RL TI Noise and hearing loss in firefighting SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID FIRE FIGHTERS RP Tubbs, RL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,MAIL STOP R-11,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD OCT-DEC PY 1995 VL 10 IS 4 BP 843 EP 856 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TP982 UT WOS:A1995TP98200012 PM 8903753 ER PT J AU MERVIS, CA DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC YEARGINALLSOPP, M AF MERVIS, CA DECOUFLE, P MURPHY, CC YEARGINALLSOPP, M TI LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT AND THE RISK FOR MENTAL-RETARDATION LATER IN CHILDHOOD SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SCHOOL PERFORMANCE; CHILDREN; AGE; INFANTS; GRAMS; LESS; DISABILITIES; HANDICAPS; PROGNOSIS AB Data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study were used in a case-control study to assess the association between low birthweight and mental retardation (intelligence quotient less than or equal to 70) among 10-year-old children who were born in 1975 or 1976. Children with mental retardation were identified from existing records at multiple sources and control children were selected from public school rosters. Data on birthweight and other covariates (sex, birth order, maternal age, maternal race, maternal education and gestational age) came from birth certificates. We used multiple logistic regression modelling to obtain adjusted odds ratios for mental retardation, with normal birthweight children (those weighing greater than or equal to 2500 g) as the referent group. For low birthweight children as a whole, the odds ratio for mental retardation was 2.8 (95% CI 1.9-4.2). The risk was higher for very low birthweight (<1500 g) children than for moderately low birthweight (1500-2499 g) children, and higher for severe mental retardation (intelligence quotient <50) than for mild mental retardation (intelligence quotient 50-70). Adding gestational age to the models revealed that normal birthweight children who were born preterm also were at increased risk of having mental retardation at age 10 years. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MERVIS, CA (reprint author), AMER CANC SOC,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & SURVEILLANCE RES,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00168.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA RY724 UT WOS:A1995RY72400011 PM 8570470 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW AF TSANG, VCW TI CYSTICERCOSIS IN AFRICA - REPLY SO PARASITOLOGY TODAY LA English DT Letter RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0169-4758 J9 PARASITOL TODAY JI Parasitol. Today PD OCT PY 1995 VL 11 IS 10 BP 389 EP 390 DI 10.1016/0169-4758(95)80010-7 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA RW660 UT WOS:A1995RW66000009 ER PT J AU IZURIETA, HS SUTTER, RW BAUGHMAN, AL STREBEL, PM STEVENSON, JM WHARTON, M AF IZURIETA, HS SUTTER, RW BAUGHMAN, AL STREBEL, PM STEVENSON, JM WHARTON, M TI VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN THE UNITED-STATES - NO EVIDENCE OF ELEVATED RISK AFTER SIMULTANEOUS INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF VACCINE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POLIOMYELITIS; ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE; INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION; PARALYSIS; UNITED STATES AB During the past 30 years, Romania reported rates of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) approximately 10-fold higher than in the United States. The elevated VAPP risk was largely caused by multiple intramuscular (im) injections with antibiotics given within 30 days of onset of paralysis. Because it is not known whether im injections contribute to the VAPP risk in the United States, we examined VAPP cases reported since 1980. We reviewed injection histories of VAPP cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1980 to 1993: with vaccines for 1980 to 1987; and for all substances for 1988 to 1993. Bates of VAPP by number of im injections with vaccines were calculated from 1988 to 1993 with estimated vaccine coverage data from the National Health Interview Survey, From 1980 to 1993 a total of 119 cases of poliomyelitis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Of these, 87 (73%) were vaccine-associated and immunologically normal: 41 were oral polio vaccine (OPV) recipient cases; 40 were OPV contact cases; and 6 were community-acquired cases. A history of im injections in the 45 days before onset of paralysis was obtained from 28 (72%) of 39 recipient cases reported from 1980 to 1993 for which dates of paralysis onset could be determined and from 1 (8%) of 13 contact cases reported from 1988 to 1993. With one exception all substances administered intramuscularly were routine childhood vaccines, No clustering of im injections in the ''high risk'' windows, 0 to 3 and 8 to 21 days before onset of paralysis, was observed. From 1988 to 1993 the rates of recipient vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) (per 1 million population) in infants <1 year of age did not vary significantly with the number of simultaneous im injections received, and ecologic analyses did not show increased risk with increasing use of injectable vaccines in children. Intramuscular injections of antibiotics or childhood vaccines did not appear to contribute to the risk of recipient VAPP in the United States, The low prevalence of im injections in contact VAPP cases suggests that the risk is attributable to OPV alone. Our study supports the current recommendation for the simultaneous administration of OPV with other childhood vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,POLIO ERADICAT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV DATA MANAGEMENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP IZURIETA, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,CTR INFORMAT MS E05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 14 IS 10 BP 840 EP 846 DI 10.1097/00006454-199510000-00004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RZ912 UT WOS:A1995RZ91200004 PM 8584308 ER PT J AU NOAH, DL BRESEE, JS GORENSEK, MJ ROONEY, JA CRESANTA, JL REGNERY, RL WONG, J DELTORO, J OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE AF NOAH, DL BRESEE, JS GORENSEK, MJ ROONEY, JA CRESANTA, JL REGNERY, RL WONG, J DELTORO, J OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE TI CLUSTER OF 5 CHILDREN WITH ACUTE ENCEPHALOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE IN SOUTH FLORIDA SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BARTONELLA HENSELAE; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ENCEPHALITIS; SOUTH FLORIDA ID ROCHALIMAEA; NOV AB Between August 12 and September 27, 1994, five children in South Florida were hospitalized at a single hospital because of encephalopathy, presenting as status epilepticus, associated with cat-scratch disease (CSD). Diagnoses were confirmed by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect antibody to Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of CSD, These cases represent the first cluster of CSD encephalopathy cases to be recognized in the United States, The patients lived within 7 miles of each other and all reported contact with pet or stray eats before developing regional lymphadenopathy and encephalopathy. All recovered fully. A high proportion of 124 cats from the local area were seropositive (62%) or bacteremic (22%). This study suggests that B. henselae can be associated with geographically focal clusters of CSD encephalitis and should be considered in the evaluation of children with acute encephalopathy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,EPIDEMIOL ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CLEVELAND CLIN,DEPT INFECT DIS,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. PEDIATRIX MED GRP,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. BROWARD CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. RP NOAH, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 14 IS 10 BP 866 EP 869 DI 10.1097/00006454-199510000-00009 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RZ912 UT WOS:A1995RZ91200009 PM 8584313 ER PT J AU SMITH, JC HADDIX, AC TEUTSCH, SM GLASS, RI AF SMITH, JC HADDIX, AC TEUTSCH, SM GLASS, RI TI COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF A ROTAVIRUS IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM FOR THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; VACCINES; COST EFFECTIVENESS; DECISION ANALYSIS ID AMERICAN-CHILDREN; PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; BENEFITS; INFANTS; RISKS; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY AB Objective. To estimate the economic consequences in the United States of routine childhood immunization of children younger than 1 year of age with a rotavirus (RV) vaccine. Design. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a national RV immunization program from the perspective of the health care system and the perspective of society. Estimates of disease incidence, medical expenditures, productivity costs, vaccine efficacy, and vaccine coverage rates were derived from published literature and unpublished vaccine trial reports. The impact of changes in estimates of vaccine efficacy and medical costs was determined by sensitivity analysis. Main Outcome Measures. Incremental cost effectiveness, expressed as savings per case of RV diarrhea prevented. Results. Given a vaccine efficacy rate of 50% and a vaccine cost of $30 per dose, an RV immunization program would prevent more than 1 million eases of RV diarrhea, 58 000 hospitalizations, and 82 deaths per year. A vaccine program would cost $243 million per year but would yield net savings of $79 million from the perspective of the health care system and $466 million from the perspective of society. The incremental cost effectiveness was a savings of $459 per case prevented from the societal perspective and $78 per case prevented from the health care system perspective. Sensitivity analyses substantiated net savings over a wide range of variables, and cost effectiveness increased with greater vaccine efficacy or decreased vaccine cost. Conclusions. Economic and disease reduction benefits would be realized from the use of an RV vaccine that is partially protective against severe RV diarrhea. These findings suggest that immunization with an RV vaccine would be cost effective and cost saving. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,PREVENT EFFECTIVENESS ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV TRAINING,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SMITH, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 57 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1995 VL 96 IS 4 BP 609 EP 615 PN 1 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RY677 UT WOS:A1995RY67700002 PM 7567319 ER PT J AU OH, W BLACKMON, LR ESCOBEDO, M FANAROFF, AA FERNBACH, SA KIRKPATRICK, BV LIGHT, IJ SHOEMAKER, CT CONNER, GK MARTIN, JN MCMILLAN, DD ROWLEY, D WRIGHT, LL LANGER, JC BAILEY, EN GARTNER, LM MOLTENI, RA AF OH, W BLACKMON, LR ESCOBEDO, M FANAROFF, AA FERNBACH, SA KIRKPATRICK, BV LIGHT, IJ SHOEMAKER, CT CONNER, GK MARTIN, JN MCMILLAN, DD ROWLEY, D WRIGHT, LL LANGER, JC BAILEY, EN GARTNER, LM MOLTENI, RA TI HOSPITAL STAY FOR HEALTHY TERM NEWBORNS - COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DISCHARGE; POPULATION; HOME C1 AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 28 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1995 VL 96 IS 4 BP 788 EP 790 PN 1 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RY677 UT WOS:A1995RY67700034 ER PT J AU POHL, HR ABADIN, HG AF POHL, HR ABADIN, HG TI UTILIZING UNCERTAINTY FACTORS IN MINIMAL RISK LEVELS DERIVATION SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE PARAMETERS; MACACA-MULATTA MONKEY; REFERENCE DOSE RFD; PCB AROCLOR-1254; SAFETY FACTORS; CD-1 MICE; EXPOSURE; RATS; TOXICITY; TETRACHLORIDE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) utilizes chemical-specific minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist in evaluating public health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. During MRL derivation, uncertainty factors (UF) are used. Under current ATSDR methodology, default UFs of 10 are applied to extrapolate from a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) to a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), for interspecies extrapolation and for intraspecies variability, However, chemical-specific toxicity information has sometimes made it necessary and appropriate to deviate from using the standard UF of 10. Since its inception in January 1993 until December 1994, ATSDR's Interagency MRL Workgroup has derived 46 inhalation and 67 oral MRLs. When the substance-specific data permitted, the workgroup departed from the default UFs of 10 in 30 specific cases. Specific examples and rationales are presented in this paper. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. RP POHL, HR (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,MAILSTOP E-29,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1006/rtph.1995.1083 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TC391 UT WOS:A1995TC39100009 PM 8577953 ER PT J AU BLAIR, A BURG, J FORAN, J GIBB, H GREENLAND, S MORRIS, R RAABE, G SAVITZ, D TETA, J WARTENBERG, D WONG, O ZIMMERMAN, R AF BLAIR, A BURG, J FORAN, J GIBB, H GREENLAND, S MORRIS, R RAABE, G SAVITZ, D TETA, J WARTENBERG, D WONG, O ZIMMERMAN, R TI GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATION OF METAANALYSIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE; CANCER; METAANALYSIS; FARMERS; BIAS; RISK AB The use of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology can enhance the value of epidemiologic data in debates about environmental health risks. Meta-analysis may be particularly useful to formally examine sources of heterogeneity, to clarify the relationship between environmental exposures and health effects, and to generate information beyond that provided by individual studies or a narrative review. However, meta-analysis may not be useful when the relationship between exposure and disease is obvious, when there are only a few studies of the key health outcomes, or when there is substantial confounding or other biases which cannot be adjusted for in the analysis. Recent increases in the use of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology have highlighted the need for guidelines for the application of the technique, Guidelines, in the form of desirable and undesirable attributes, are presented in this paper for various components of a metaanalysis including study identification and selection; data extraction and analysis; and interpretation, presentation, and communication of results, Also discussed are the appropriateness of the use of meta-analysis in environmental health studies and when metaanalysis should or should not be used. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc C1 ILSI,RSI,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. AGCY TOX SUBST DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US EPA,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. MOBIL OIL CORP,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27515. UNION CARBIDE CORP,DANBURY,CT. ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SCI INST,PISCATAWAY,NJ. APPL HLTH SCI,SAN MATEO,CA. NYU,NEW YORK,NY 10012. NR 32 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1006/rtph.1995.1084 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA TC391 UT WOS:A1995TC39100010 PM 8577954 ER PT J AU WEBSTER, D DHONDT, JL HANNON, H HARADA, S TORRESONI, T AF WEBSTER, D DHONDT, JL HANNON, H HARADA, S TORRESONI, T TI THE PROPER ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL-SOCIETY-FOR-NEONATAL-SCREENING (ISNS) IN COMPARISONS OF NEWBORN SCREENING METHODOLOGIES SO SCREENING LA English DT Letter C1 NATL TESTING CTR,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. CTR HOSP ST PHILIBERT,F-59462 LOMME,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CLIN BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HOKKAIDO INST PUBL HLTH,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. KINDERSPITAL ZURICH,PROT HORMONLAB,CH-8032 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0925-6164 J9 SCREENING JI Screening PD OCT PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 171 EP 172 DI 10.1016/0925-6164(95)00123-9 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pediatrics SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pediatrics GA TJ043 UT WOS:A1995TJ04300015 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Commentary: Contributions of epidemiology to the study of birth defects in humans SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DYSMORPHOLOGY; ACID RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP F45,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD OCT PY 1995 VL 52 IS 4 BP 186 EP 189 DI 10.1002/tera.1420520403 PG 4 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA TM690 UT WOS:A1995TM69000002 PM 8838287 ER PT J AU DIAZ, R SULLIVAN, M WILLIAMS, A LACKRITZ, E KESSLER, D OPERSKALSKI, E MOSLEY, J BUSCH, M AF DIAZ, R SULLIVAN, M WILLIAMS, A LACKRITZ, E KESSLER, D OPERSKALSKI, E MOSLEY, J BUSCH, M TI SURVEILLANCE OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES IN US-BLOOD-DONORS - 1984 VS 1994 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. ARC,HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. USC,TSS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 10 SU S BP S188 EP S188 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TB478 UT WOS:A1995TB47800186 ER PT J AU KIM, JP AF KIM, JP TI CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW HUMAN HEPATITIS-VIRUS (HGV) AND ITS IMPLICATION IN PTH SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GENELABS TECHNOL INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. NIH,CDC,NMRI,NSWBTS,HGV STUDY GRP,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 10 SU S BP S158 EP S158 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TB478 UT WOS:A1995TB47800156 ER PT J AU LACKRITZ, EM KENNEDY, MB DOLL, LS FREY, R JANSSEN, RS PETERSEN, LR WILLIAMS, AE AF LACKRITZ, EM KENNEDY, MB DOLL, LS FREY, R JANSSEN, RS PETERSEN, LR WILLIAMS, AE TI RISK BEHAVIORS AND TEST SEEKING AMONG HIV-POSITIVE BLOOD-DONORS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. ARC,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 10 SU S BP S167 EP S167 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TB478 UT WOS:A1995TB47800165 ER PT J AU LY, TD SCHABLE, C SAYRE, K DINELLO, R AF LY, TD SCHABLE, C SAYRE, K DINELLO, R TI COMPARISON OF A HIV-1 HIV-2 RECOMBINANT STRIP IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY AND HIV-1 WESTERN-BLOT IN DETECTING HIV-1O SUBTYPE SAMPLES SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST A FOURNIER,PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ORTHO DIAGNOST SYST INC,RARITAN,NJ. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1995 VL 35 IS 10 SU S BP S111 EP S111 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA TB478 UT WOS:A1995TB47800110 ER PT J AU ABOUYA, L COULIBALY, IM COULIBALY, D KASSIM, S ACKAH, A GREENBERG, AE WIKTOR, SZ DECOCK, KM AF ABOUYA, L COULIBALY, IM COULIBALY, D KASSIM, S ACKAH, A GREENBERG, AE WIKTOR, SZ DECOCK, KM TI RADIOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-1-INFECTED AND HIV-2-INFECTED PATIENTS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO TUBERCLE AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Objectives: To compare the radiologic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-1-infected, HIV-2-infected, and HIV-negative patients; and to assess the impact of HIV-related immunosuppression on the radiologic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: We compared chest radiographs from consecutive HIV-1-positive, HIV-2-positive and seronegative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, Differentiation between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies was based on a synthetic peptide-based enzyme immunoassay. A subset of patients had CD4+ lymphocyte levels estimated by flow cytometry; in these patients, abnormalities on chest radiographs were analysed in relation to the severity of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion. Results: HIV-1-infected patients were significantly more likely to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis than were HIV-2-infected or HIV-negative patients (20% vs 8% and 9%). Among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, no differences were observed in the rates of specific abnormalities on chest radiographs between HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients; both HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected patients had a higher frequency of pleural effusion than did HIV-negative patients (8% and 9% vs 4%). Among HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts of greater than or equal to 400/mm(3), 200-399/mm(3), and <200/mm(3), respectively, the proportions with non-cavitary infiltrates and hilar adenopathy increased significantly (33% to 44% to 58%, and 0% to 14% to 20%), while the proportion with cavitary lesions decreased significantly (63% to 44% to 29%). Conclusions: The radiologic manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients varied significantly over the spectrum of immune deficiency, HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis and relatively high CD4+ counts showed only slight differences from HIV-negative persons, HIV-1-positive patients had a higher frequency of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at presentation than those infected with HIV-2, Radiographic abnormalities were broadly similar in HIV-2-infected and HIV-1-infected patients, Clinicians and radiologists must be alert to the altered radiologic spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis in immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients. C1 PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR ANTITB,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0962-8479 J9 TUBERCLE LUNG DIS JI Tubercle Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 76 IS 5 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1016/0962-8479(95)90011-X PG 5 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA RZ570 UT WOS:A1995RZ57000012 PM 7496006 ER PT J AU KOPECKA, H BROWN, B PALLANSCH, M AF KOPECKA, H BROWN, B PALLANSCH, M TI GENOTYPIC VARIATION IN COXSACKIEVIRUS-B5 ISOLATES FROM 3 DIFFERENT OUTBREAKS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE COXSACKIEVIRUS; B5-GENOTYPIC VARIATION ID SWINE VESICULAR DISEASE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MAPPING ANALYSIS; A24 VARIANT; RNA GENOME; VIRUS; EVOLUTION; POLIOVIRUSES AB Genomic sequences in VP1/2A and 5'-non-coding region of 10 isolates of Coxsackievirus B5 from three outbreaks were compared with published sequences of another Coxsackievirus B5, swine vesicular disease virus, Coxsackievirus B1, Coxsackievirus B3, and Coxsackievirus B4. Isolates of Coxsackievirus B5 from the same outbreak showed close relations, not exceeding 7.2% in nucleotide differences. Differences were greater between isolates from different outbreaks, varying between 8.4 and 16%. We have also shown that Coxsackie B5 viruses from an outbreak in 1967 are more similar to viruses from an outbreak in 1983 than to the viruses isolated from an intervening outbreak in 1972. The sequence comparison of Coxsackievirus B5 isolates with other Coxsackie B viruses and swine vesicular disease virus showed much greater difference between serotypes. The methods used in this study, cDNA synthesis, polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing, are suitable for rapid Coxsackie B virus detection and identification of genotypic relations between viruses originating from different outbreaks. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KOPECKA, H (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,UNITE VIROL MOLEC,CNRS,URA 545,25 RUE DR ROUX,F-75724 PARIS,FRANCE. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00055-U PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA RZ285 UT WOS:A1995RZ28500003 PM 8578854 ER PT J AU BOWEN, MD KARIWA, H ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF BOWEN, MD KARIWA, H ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF A HUMAN ISOLATE OF PUUMALA-HANTAVIRUS FROM FRANCE SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BUNYAVIRIDAE; HANTAVIRUS; PUUMALA VIRUS; RNA, SMALL; RNA, MEDIUM ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; RENAL SYNDROME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA; HANTAAN VIRUS; S-GENOME; CODING STRATEGY; MESSENGER-RNA AB PUU90-13 is a strain of Puumala (PUU) virus (family Bunyaviridae: genus Hantavirus) isolated from a human in northeastern France (Rollin et al., 1995). This report describes the full-length sequences of the small (S) and medium (M) genomic RNAs of PUU90-13. The terminal sequences of both the S and M genomic RNAs were found to be conserved and imperfectly complementary. The S RNA of PUU90-13 is 1847 nt in length and contains the nucleocapsid (N) protein gene and a potential overlapping open reading frame (ORF-2) previously described in other hantaviruses. Statistical analysis of the third base substitution frequency in the N ORFs of PUU90-13 and other PUU viruses suggests that the ORF-2 is functional. The M RNA is 3681 nt in length and encodes the glycoprotein precursor. Both genomic segments share the highest degree of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with PUUBerkel, a PUU virus from Germany. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from both segments indicate that PUU90-13 occupies a distinct Western European PUU virus lineage that it shares with PUUBerkel. Both PUU90-13 and PUUBerkel lack a potential N-linked glycosylation site found on the G2 glycoprotein of other PUU viruses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC VET MED,DEPT VET PUBL HLTH,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. INST PASTEUR,CTR NATL REF FIEVRES HEMORRAG VIRALES,F-75015 PARIS,FRANCE. RI Kariwa, Hiroaki/A-5258-2012 NR 37 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 38 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 289 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(95)00058-X PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA RZ285 UT WOS:A1995RZ28500014 PM 8578865 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP TOMORI, O NASIDI, A PEREZORONOZ, GI FAKILE, Y HUTWAGNER, L MCCORMICK, JB AF FISHERHOCH, SP TOMORI, O NASIDI, A PEREZORONOZ, GI FAKILE, Y HUTWAGNER, L MCCORMICK, JB TI REVIEW OF CASES OF NOSOCOMIAL LASSA FEVER IN NIGERIA - THE HIGH PRICE OF POOR MEDICAL-PRACTICE SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Objective-To investigate two hospital outbreaks of Lassa fever in southern central Nigeria. Setting-Hospitals and clinics in urban and rural areas of Imo State, Nigeria. Design-Medical records were reviewed in hospitals and clinics in both areas. Patients with presumed and laboratory confirmed Lassa fever were identified and contracts traced. Hospital staff, patients, and local residents were questioned, records were carefully reviewed, and serum samples were taken. Serum samples were assayed for antibody specific to Lassa virus, and isolates of Lassa virus were obtained. Results-Among 34 patients with Lassa fever, including 20 patients, six nurses, two surgeons, one physician, and the son of a patient, there were 22 deaths (65% fatality rate). Eleven cases were laboratory confirmed, five by isolation of virus. Most patients had been exposed in hospitals (attack rate in patients in one hospital 55%). Both outbreak hospitals were inadequately equipped and staffed, with poor medical practice. Compelling, indirect evidence revealed that parenteral drug rounds with sharing of syringes, conducted by minimally educated and supervised staff, fuelled the epidemic among patients. Staff were subsequently infected during emergency surgery and while caring for nosocomially infected patients. Conclusion-This outbreak illustrates the high price exacted by the practice of modern medicine, particularly use of parenteral injections and surgery, without due attention to good medical practice. High priority must be given to education of medical staff in developing countries and to guidelines for safe operation of clinics and hospitals. Failure to do so will have far reaching, costly, and ultimately devastating consequences. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV IBADAN,COLL MED,DEPT VIROL,IBADAN,NIGERIA. FED MINIST HLTH,FED EPIDEMIOL DIV,LAGOS,NIGERIA. NR 11 TC 138 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 5 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD SEP 30 PY 1995 VL 311 IS 7009 BP 857 EP 859 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RY191 UT WOS:A1995RY19100029 PM 7580496 ER PT J AU STRUTTMANN, TW SPURLOCK, C POLLACK, SH MOONHAMPTON, E BROWNING, SR MCKNIGHT, R FINGER, R AF STRUTTMANN, TW SPURLOCK, C POLLACK, SH MOONHAMPTON, E BROWNING, SR MCKNIGHT, R FINGER, R TI FARM-TRACTOR-RELATED FATALITIES - KENTUCKY, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 481-484, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,SE CTR AGR HLTH & INJURY PREVENT,LEXINGTON,KY. CDC,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,ATLANTA,GA. RP STRUTTMANN, TW (reprint author), KENTUCKY INJURY PREVENT & RES CTR,LEXINGTON,KY, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 12 BP 936 EP 937 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV734 UT WOS:A1995RV73400007 ER PT J AU DAVIS, SF BYERS, RH LINDEGREN, ML CALDWELL, MB KARON, JM GWINN, M AF DAVIS, SF BYERS, RH LINDEGREN, ML CALDWELL, MB KARON, JM GWINN, M TI PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF VERTICALLY ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AB Objective.-To estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I prevalence among childbearing women, HIV incidence in infants, and the number of children living with HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a result of transmission from mother to infant (vertical transmission). Design.-The national HIV serosurvey of childbearing women was used to estimate the incidence of vertically acquired HIV infection in children born between 1988 and 1993. Data from the national acquired immunodeficiency syndrome case surveillance system and a multicenter pediatric HIV surveillance project were modeled to estimate incidence in children born between 1978 and 1987. Setting.-Surveillance conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga, in collaboration with state and local health departments. Results.-Approximately 14920 HIV-infected infants were born in the United States between 1978 and 1993. Of these, an estimated 12240 children were living at the beginning of 1994; 26% were younger than 2 years, 35% were aged 2 to 4 years, and 39% were aged 5 years or older. Approximately 6530 HIV-infected women gave birth in the United States in 1993, and, based on a 25% vertical transmission rate, an estimated 1630 of their infants were HIV infected. Conclusions-These results provide a basis for estimating medical and other resource needs for HIV-infected women and their children and for measuring the impact of interventions to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. RP DAVIS, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 27 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 12 BP 952 EP 955 DI 10.1001/jama.274.12.952 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV734 UT WOS:A1995RV73400029 PM 7674525 ER PT J AU PILLOT, J FAVOROV, MO GRANGEOTKEROS, L LAZIZI, Y FRYDMAN, R AF PILLOT, J FAVOROV, MO GRANGEOTKEROS, L LAZIZI, Y FRYDMAN, R TI PREVALENCE OF ANTI-HEPATITIS-E ANTIBODIES IN PREGNANT-WOMEN IN THE PARIS AREA - SEROLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS SO PRESSE MEDICALE LA French DT Letter C1 HOP ANTOINE BECLERE,SERV GYNECOL OBSTET,F-92141 CLAMART,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PILLOT, J (reprint author), HOP ANTOINE BECLERE,MICROBIOL SERV,157 RUE PORTE TRIVAUX,F-92141 CLAMART,FRANCE. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0755-4982 J9 PRESSE MED JI Presse Med. PD SEP 23 PY 1995 VL 24 IS 27 BP 1271 EP 1271 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RW811 UT WOS:A1995RW81100011 PM 7501614 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC AF TENOVER, FC TI THE BEST OF TIMES, THE WORST OF TIMES - THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SO PHARMACY WORLD & SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE ANTIBIOTICS; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; MUTATION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; GENES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; CEPHALOSPORINS; BACTEREMIA; MENINGITIS; SALMONELLA; QUINOLONE AB The development of resistance to antimicrobial agents by many bacterial pathogens has compromised traditional therapeutic regimens, making treatment of infections more difficult and frequently more expensive. Three factors have contributed to the development and spread of mutations in common genes that extend their spectrum of resistance, transfer of resistance genes among diverse microorganisms and increases in selective pressures in and outside of the hospital environment that enhance the development of resistant organisms. Some new resistance mechanisms are difficult to detect in the laboratory. Thus, resistant microorganisms may go unnoticed until they are widely disseminated in a hospital. The challenge for pharmacists, microbiologists and physicians is not only to contain the spread of existing resistant organisms, but also to prevent the emergence of new resistant pathogens by encouraging the rational and prudent use of antimicrobial agents. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH G08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL DUTCH ASSOC ADVANCEMENT PHARMACY PI THE HAGUE PA 11 ALEXANDERSTRAAT, PO BOX 30460, 2514 THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1231 J9 PHARM WORLD SCI JI Pharm. World Sci. PD SEP 22 PY 1995 VL 17 IS 5 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1007/BF01879708 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RZ056 UT WOS:A1995RZ05600002 PM 8574209 ER PT J AU FITZGERALD, K JOHNSTON, J MARMET, P PIPPERT, K PELLETIER, A AF FITZGERALD, K JOHNSTON, J MARMET, P PIPPERT, K PELLETIER, A TI ACHIEVEMENT OF DIETARY GOALS - KANSAS, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 452, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,TOPEKA,KS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH PROMOT STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP FITZGERALD, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BUR CHRON DIS & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 20 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 11 BP 866 EP 866 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU603 UT WOS:A1995RU60300005 ER PT J AU WORMSER, G MCKENNA, D AGUEROROSENFELD, M HOROWITZ, H MUNOZ, J NOWAKOWSKI, J GERINA, G WELCH, P MOORJANI, H RUSH, T JACQUETTE, G STANKEY, A FALCO, R RAPOPORT, M ACKMAN, D TALARICO, J WHITE, D FRIEDLANDER, L GALLO, R BRADY, G MAUER, M WONG, S DUNCAN, R KINGSLEY, L TAYLOR, R BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, D DUMLER, JS AF WORMSER, G MCKENNA, D AGUEROROSENFELD, M HOROWITZ, H MUNOZ, J NOWAKOWSKI, J GERINA, G WELCH, P MOORJANI, H RUSH, T JACQUETTE, G STANKEY, A FALCO, R RAPOPORT, M ACKMAN, D TALARICO, J WHITE, D FRIEDLANDER, L GALLO, R BRADY, G MAUER, M WONG, S DUNCAN, R KINGSLEY, L TAYLOR, R BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, D DUMLER, JS TI HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS - NEW-YORK, 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 593, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WESTCHESTER CTY DEPT HLTH,HAWTHORNE,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. UNIV MARYLAND,MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP WORMSER, G (reprint author), WESTCHESTER CTY MED CTR,VALHALLA,NY 10595, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 20 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 11 BP 867 EP 867 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU603 UT WOS:A1995RU60300006 ER PT J AU LAYTON, M PARISE, ME CAMPBELL, CC ADVANI, R SEXTON, JD BOSLER, EM ZUCKER, JR AF LAYTON, M PARISE, ME CAMPBELL, CC ADVANI, R SEXTON, JD BOSLER, EM ZUCKER, JR TI MOSQUITO-TRANSMITTED MALARIA IN NEW-YORK-CITY, 1993 SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB In August, 1993, 3 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in people without recent travel histories or bloodborne exposure were reported in New York City. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the absence of risk factors for acquisition of malaria in two cases. The third case could not be definitively classified as locally acquired malaria because the patient had travelled to Thailand two years before malaria was diagnosed. The 3 individuals lived in separate houses in the same neighbourhood of Queens, New York and had onset of illness within a day of each other. The investigation consisted of patient interviews, active case finding, reviewing recent New York flight and shipping arrivals, and an entomological survey for anopheline mosquitoes and breeding sites. No other cases were identified. The 3 patients lived several miles from air and sea ports and prevailing winds would have carried any mosquitoes at those sites away from the patients' homes. By the time of the environmental investigation (September, 1993), the area was dry and neither adult nor larval anophelines were found. However, weather conditions at the probable time of infection (July, 1993) were very different. Malaria was probably transmitted to these 2 patients by local anopheline mosquitoes that had fed on infected human hosts. Mosquito-control measures were not implemented because there was no evidence of ongoing transmission. The occurrence of mosquito-transmitted malaria in New York City demonstrates the potential for reintroduction of malaria transmission into areas that are no longer endemic and emphasises the need for continued surveillance and prompt investigations, if cases without risk factors are reported. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,ENVIRONM HLTH SERV,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,STONY BROOK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ARTHROPOD BORNE DIS PROGRAM,STONY BROOK,NY. RP LAYTON, M (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS,125 WORTH ST,ROOM 300,BOX 22A,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 16 PY 1995 VL 346 IS 8977 BP 729 EP 731 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91503-6 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU810 UT WOS:A1995RU81000009 PM 7658873 ER PT J AU MORAN, JS AF MORAN, JS TI CONTROL OF GONORRHEA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP MORAN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CDC,DIV STD PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30345, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 16 PY 1995 VL 346 IS 8977 BP 779 EP 780 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91539-7 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU810 UT WOS:A1995RU81000054 PM 7658899 ER PT J AU MACERA, CA CROFT, JB BROWN, DR FERGUSON, JE LANE, MJ AF MACERA, CA CROFT, JB BROWN, DR FERGUSON, JE LANE, MJ TI PREDICTORS OF ADOPTING LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AMONG A BIRACIAL COMMUNITY COHORT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; ETHNIC GROUPS; EXERCISE; HEALTH PROMOTION; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; SMOKING; WOMEN ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; EXERCISE; WOMEN; MEN; HEALTH; PREVENTION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; BEHAVIORS AB Literature on the correlates and predictors of leisure-time physical activity among African-American populations is sparse. This cohort study assessed correlates of leisure-time physical activity (specific large muscle activities during the past month at least three times a week) in a biracial population in 1987 and predictors for the adoption of this behavior 4 years later among those initially inactive, Random digit dialing methods were used to identify residents of two South Carolina communities in 1987, In 1991, 3,223 of these residents were resurveyed (62% response rate). In general, the correlates of leisure-time physical activity (education, greater than or equal to 12 years; nonsmoking; weight loss behaviors; and physician advice) were similar for each sex and race group, In 1987, the definition of leisure-time physical activity was not met by 831 (54% of 1,542) white women, 374 (76% of 489) African-American women, 586 (59% of 991) white men, and 126 (63% of 201) African-American men, Among those who were inactive in 1987, 22-24% of white adults and African-American men and 14% of African-American women adopted physical activity 4 years later. Twelve years or more of education was a predictor among white women (risk ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.6) and African-American women (risk ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4-6.9), but not among men. Having a physician discuss physical activity was a predictor among white women (risk ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.7), African-American women (risk ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 0.9-3.2), white men (risk ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.1), and African-American men (risk ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.0-7.6), These results highlight the strong effect of educational attainment on adoption of healthy behaviors and support the involvement of physicians to promote physical activity among all race and sex groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC. RP MACERA, CA (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 402234] NR 39 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 142 IS 6 BP 629 EP 635 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RT897 UT WOS:A1995RT89700011 PM 7653473 ER PT J AU HUANG, P WEBER, JT SOSIN, DM GRIFFIN, PM LONG, EG MURPHY, JJ KOCKA, F PETERS, C KALLICK, C AF HUANG, P WEBER, JT SOSIN, DM GRIFFIN, PM LONG, EG MURPHY, JJ KOCKA, F PETERS, C KALLICK, C TI THE FIRST REPORTED OUTBREAK OF DIARRHEAL ILLNESS ASSOCIATED WITH CYCLOSPORA IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DIARRHEA; CYANOBACTERIA; CYCLOSPORA; WATER SUPPLY; DISEASE OUTBREAKS ID ORGANISM; PATHOGEN AB Objective: To investigate and characterize the epidemiology of a diarrheal outbreak associated with a potentially new pathogen, Cyclospora species (previously referred to as Cyanobacteria [blue-green algae]-like bodies). Design: Three retrospective cohort studies supported by laboratory studies, environmental investigation, and community surveillance. Setting: A hospital in Chicago. Participants: Housestaff physicians and hospital administrative staff. Measurements: Identification of clinical features associated with illness and potential risks for acquisition of infection. Results: Illness was characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, decreased appetite, and low-grade fever. Symptoms typically occurred in a distinctive cycle of remissions and exacerbations lasting up to several weeks. Stool cultures and examinations for known ova and parasites were negative. Microscopic examination of stool specimens from 11 ill persons showed many spherical bodies, 8 to 10 mu m in diameter, that were identified as Cyclospora organisms. The organisms disappeared by 9 weeks after onset of illness in the 7 patients from whom follow-up specimens were obtained. Epidemiologic studies implicated tap water from a physicians' dormitory as the most likely source of the outbreak. Environmental investigation suggested that stagnant water in a storage tank may have contaminated the water supply after a pump failure. Conclusions: This is the first reported outbreak of diarrhea associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Cyclospora may be a human enteric pathogen able to produce bouts of acute and relapsing diarrhea, and it should be considered in assessments of patients with unexplained, prolonged diarrheal illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 23 TC 94 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 6 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU437 UT WOS:A1995RU43700002 PM 7639439 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA HILSDON, R FARLEY, MM HARRISON, LH REINGOLD, AL PLIKAYTIS, BD WENGER, JD SCHUCHAT, A AF JACKSON, LA HILSDON, R FARLEY, MM HARRISON, LH REINGOLD, AL PLIKAYTIS, BD WENGER, JD SCHUCHAT, A TI RISK-FACTORS FOR GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN ADULTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE RISK FACTORS; CROSS INFECTION; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION; STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE ID TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE; NONPREGNANT ADULTS; III POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTION; BACTEREMIA; ANTIBODY; INFANTS; WOMEN AB Objective: To determine risk factors for community-acquired and nosocomial group B streptococcal disease in adults. Design: Case-control study. Setting: 3 metropolitan areas in the United States with an aggregate population of 6.6 million persons. Patients: 219 nonpregnant adults with invasive group B streptococcal infection identified by a population-based surveillance in 1991 and 1992 and 645 hospital-matched controls. Results: The following conditions were associated with a significantly increased risk for community-acquired group B streptococcal infection after controlling for age in multivariate analysis: cirrhosis (odds ratio, 9.7 [95% CI, 3.5 to 26.9]; P <0.001), diabetes (odds ratio, 3.0 [CI, 1.9 to 4.7]; P <0.001), stroke (odds ratio, 3.5 [CI, 1.9 to 6.4]; P <0.001), breast cancer (odds ratio, 4.0 [CI, 1.6 to 9.8]; P =0.002), decubitus ulcer (odds ratio, 4.0 [CI, 1.6 to 9.8]; P =0.002), and neurogenic bladder (odds ratio, 4.6 [CI, 1.4 to 15.1]; P =0.01). Sixty-three percent of community case-patients had at least one of these conditions. Nosocomial infection (48 cases [22%]) was independently associated with the placement of a central venous line (odds ratio, 30.9 [CI, 5.2 to 184.1]; P <0.001), diabetes, congestive heart failure, and seizure disorder. Conclusions: Several chronic conditions were independently associated with group B streptococcal disease, and most case-patients had at least one of these conditions. If group B streptococcal vaccines being developed for prevention of neonatal disease are protective in adults, a vaccination strategy targeting those at highest risk has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of invasive group B streptococcal infection in adults. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 37 TC 155 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 6 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU437 UT WOS:A1995RU43700003 PM 7639440 ER PT J AU HARRISON, LH ALI, A DWYER, DM LIBONATI, JP REEVES, MW ELLIOTT, JA BILLMANN, L LASHKERWALA, T JOHNSON, JA AF HARRISON, LH ALI, A DWYER, DM LIBONATI, JP REEVES, MW ELLIOTT, JA BILLMANN, L LASHKERWALA, T JOHNSON, JA TI RELAPSING INVASIVE GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION IN ADULTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE; RECURRENCE; ENDOCARDITIS; OSTEOMYELITIS ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; DISEASE; PENICILLIN; INFANT; COLONIZATION; ANTIBODY; FAILURE AB Objective: To study recurrent group B streptococcal infection in adults. Design: Patients with more than one reported group B streptococcal infection were identified through active surveillance for this infection. Sterile-site group B streptococcal isolates were evaluated for serotype and molecular subtyping using restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA (REAC). Setting: All acute-care hospitals in Maryland. Patients: Nonpregnant residents of Maryland 18 years of age or older. Results: 22 adults had at least two group B streptococcal episodes that were separated by 2 to 95 weeks (mean, 24 weeks). Of 395 patients with invasive group B streptococcal infection who survived the first episode and were followed for at least 1 year, 17 (4.3% [95% CI, 2.6% to 6.9%]) had more than one episode. Several patients were found to have endocarditis or osteomyelitis during the second episode. Group B streptococcal isolates from both episodes were obtained from 18 of 22 patients. Of the 18 isolate pairs, 13 (72% [CI, 46% to 90%]) had identical REAC patterns; the probability that at least 13 matches would be found by chance alone was less than 0.00001. Among patients with recurrent infection caused by the same strain, the interval between episodes was shorter (mean, 14 weeks) than that among patients with recurrent infection caused by another strain (mean, 43 weeks; P = 0.05). Conclusions: Recurrent group B streptococcal infection is common among adults and in most cases appears to be caused by relapse. The optimal management of adults with a first episode of group B streptococcal infection needs to be further defined to minimize the likelihood of recurrent disease. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21210. RP HARRISON, LH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,ROOM 5515,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 38 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 6 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU437 UT WOS:A1995RU43700004 PM 7639441 ER PT J AU SCHULZ, KF AF SCHULZ, KF TI UNBIASED RESEARCH AND THE HUMAN SPIRIT - THE CHALLENGES OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID DESIGN AFFECTS OUTCOMES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; THERAPY; BIAS AB Research by Klein and associates provides useful information on the relation between episiotomy and outcomes such as perineal trauma, but the methodologic implications of their work are especially fascinating. Physicians who participated in their randomized controlled trial (RCT) were supposed to adhere to a policy of either liberal or restrictive use of episiotomy according to the study arm to which each patient was assigned. However, some used the procedure for approximately 90% of patients regardless of allocation. Klein and associates' post-hoc study (see pages 769 to 779 of this issue) sheds light on the relation between physician attitudes and the practice of episiotomy. The author contends that the noncompliance encountered by Klein and associates reflects the fact that randomized trials are anathema to the human spirit. He offers suggestions for making RCTs more meaningful and stresses that, although RCTs are indispensible to the advancement of medical knowledge they necessitate assiduous attention to matters of design and implementation. RP SCHULZ, KF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,CDC MAILSTOP E02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA ON K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0820-3946 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 153 IS 6 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV062 UT WOS:A1995RV06200016 PM 7664231 ER PT J AU CHANCE, JT LARSEN, SA POPE, V MEASEL, JW COX, DL AF CHANCE, JT LARSEN, SA POPE, V MEASEL, JW COX, DL TI INSTRUMENT-DEPENDENT FLUOROCHROME SENSITIVITY IN FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSES SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE RESOLUTION; CLINICAL DATA; QUALITY CONTROL; FLOW CYTOMETER; MESF ID QUALITY-CONTROL; FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY; EXCITATION INTENSITY; PROGRAM; STANDARDS; ASSURANCE AB Flow cytometry has become the preferred technique by which critical clinical evaluations are made such as CD4 counts and aneuploid analyses. Mounting concern has arisen over the numerous techniques, reagents, and different flow cytometers employed to determine these data. Several studies have documented significant differences in results when different flow cytometers are utilized to analyze the same sample. Fluorochrome-dependent instrument sensitivity also has been reported by numerous investigators. As more and more procedures are performed by cytometric analysis, light scatter and fluorescence limitations, which appear to be instrument dependent, demonstrate that not all flow cytometers have the same capabilities. Attempts were made to calculate molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) values on nine different flow cytometers using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) labeled microsphere reference standards produced by Flow Cytometry Standards Corporation (FCSC). Dramatic differences were observed in the ability of some cytometers to resolve these microspheres, The diminished resolution appeared to be instrument model and fluorochrome dependent. We propose that diminished fluorescence resolution in certain flow cytometers could be responsible for significant variability in clinical values reported from laboratories utilizing different flow cytometers. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,SCH MED,SCOTT & WHITE MEM HOSP & CLIN,DEPT PATHOL,TEMPLE,TX 76508. RP CHANCE, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD SEP 15 PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 232 EP 242 DI 10.1002/cyto.990220311 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA RX487 UT WOS:A1995RX48700010 PM 8556955 ER PT J AU BARLOUGH, JE MCDOWELL, TS MILANI, A BIGORNIA, L SLEMENDA, SB PIENIAZEK, NJ HEDRICK, RP AF BARLOUGH, JE MCDOWELL, TS MILANI, A BIGORNIA, L SLEMENDA, SB PIENIAZEK, NJ HEDRICK, RP TI NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DETECTION OF ENTEROCYTOZOON SALMONIS GENOMIC DNA IN CHINOOK SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE ENTEROCYTOZOON SALMONIS; MICROSPORIDA; FISH DISEASES; ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA; SALMON; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID INTRANUCLEAR MICROSPORIDIUM; N-SP; INFECTIONS; BIENEUSI; LEUKEMIA; AIDS AB A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for detection of the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon salmonis in biological samples (blood buffy-coat cells, feces, tissues, lymphocyte cultures) of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A major second-round PCR product of 407 bp was readily identifiable in ethidium bromide-stained agarose minigels. An internal probe was used to verify the identity of the amplified product by non-radioactive (digoxigenin-based) Southern blotting; final confirmation was made by DNA sequence analysis. A dilution study using infected lymphocytes from in vitro cultures indicated that a single sound of PCR (35 cycles) was able to detect E. salmonis DNA from approximately 1000 infected cells. Sensitivity was increased with the full nested PCR (35 additional cycles), which detected parasite DNA from less than or equal to 10 infected lymphocytes. The specificity of the PCR was assessed with a panel of microsporidian and myxosporean DNAs. In an experimental infection study, E. salmonis DNA was detected in blood, feces, and tissues of infected chinook salmon but not in uninfected control fish. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT MED & EPIDEMIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DEPT MED PATHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD SEP 14 PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.3354/dao023017 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA TD426 UT WOS:A1995TD42600003 ER PT J AU SERAFY, N KUBALA, N WOODS, G SALFINGER, M SALKIN, I LAFISCA, R RIVERA, CR BOURDEAU, N AF SERAFY, N KUBALA, N WOODS, G SALFINGER, M SALKIN, I LAFISCA, R RIVERA, CR BOURDEAU, N TI LABORATORY PRACTICES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS - UNITED-STATES, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 587-590, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,NORTHFIELD,IL. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625. PUERTO RICO DEPT HLTH,SAN JUAN,PR. UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR HLTH SCI,MADISON,WI. CDC,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA. RP SERAFY, N (reprint author), AMER ASSOC BIOANALYSTS,BROWNSVILLE,TX, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 13 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 10 BP 787 EP 788 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU324 UT WOS:A1995RU32400006 ER PT J AU KHAN, NZ KALTER, H HANIF, M SCHILLINGER, J SAHA, SK BLACK, RE AF KHAN, NZ KALTER, H HANIF, M SCHILLINGER, J SAHA, SK BLACK, RE TI MENINGITIS TREATMENT WITHOUT FOLLOW-UP - WHAT ARE WE MISSING SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KHAN, NZ (reprint author), DHAKA SHISHU HOSP,BANGLADESH INST CHILD HLTH,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 9 PY 1995 VL 346 IS 8976 BP 706 EP 706 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92318-7 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RU048 UT WOS:A1995RU04800055 PM 7658848 ER PT J AU MCKENNA, MT MCCRAY, E ONORATO, IM AF MCKENNA, MT MCCRAY, E ONORATO, IM TI IMMIGRANTS AND TUBERCULOSIS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP MCKENNA, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 7 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 10 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RR840 UT WOS:A1995RR84000025 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, DR AZAM, M RUIZTIBEN, E KAPPUS, KD AF HOPKINS, DR AZAM, M RUIZTIBEN, E KAPPUS, KD TI ERADICATION OF DRACUNCULIASIS FROM PAKISTAN SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB In 1986 the World Health Organization targeted dracunculiasis (Guinea-worm disease), which seriously impairs socioeconomic development in 16 African countries, India, Pakistan, and Yemen, to be eradicated globally The target date for eradication by the end of 1995 was established in 1991. Pakistan eradicated dracunculiasis from the country in October, 1993, after a national campaign which began in 1987 with a nationwide village-by-village search for cases. The infection, which is transmitted by drinking water from ponds containing infected water fleas, was eradicated by using health education, cloth fillers, and the cyclopsicide, temephos; and in the later stages, by case containment. Methods pioneered in Pakistan's National Guinea Worm Eradication Program are now being applied in remaining endemic countries. C1 NATL INST HLTH,GUINEA WORM ERADICAT PROGRAM,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HOPKINS, DR (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,CARTER CTR INC,1 COPENHILL,ATLANTA,GA 30307, USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 2 PY 1995 VL 346 IS 8975 BP 621 EP 624 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91442-0 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RT188 UT WOS:A1995RT18800015 PM 7651010 ER PT J AU OSTBYE, T FRIEDE, A AF OSTBYE, T FRIEDE, A TI ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ON POPULATION HEALTH FOR A PBL CURRICULUM SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT FAMILY MED,LONDON,ON,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP OSTBYE, T (reprint author), UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,LONDON,ON,CANADA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 70 IS 9 BP 748 EP 749 DI 10.1097/00001888-199509000-00006 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA RU326 UT WOS:A1995RU32600006 PM 7669147 ER PT J AU COHEN, CR DUERR, A PRUITHITHADA, N RUGPAO, S HILLIER, S GARCIA, P NELSON, K AF COHEN, CR DUERR, A PRUITHITHADA, N RUGPAO, S HILLIER, S GARCIA, P NELSON, K TI BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND HIV SEROPREVALENCE AMONG FEMALE COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS IN CHIANG-MAI, THAILAND SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV TRANSMISSION; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; THAILAND ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN AB Objective: To investigate the relationship between HIV seropositivity and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in a population at high risk for sexual acquisition of HIV. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 144 female commercial sex workers in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Methods: The participants were tested for cervical gonorrhea and Chlamydia infection, syphilis, Trichomonas vaginitis, Candida vaginitis, BV, and HIV infection. BV was diagnosed by clinical criteria (pH>4.5, positive amine test, and presence of clue cells) and using Gram stains. Results: Thirty-three per cent of participants had BV, and 43% were HIV-positive. Using clinical criteria, the association of BV and HIV seropositivity was significant [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.0]. Although the association between BV and HIV prevalence was not significant using Gram stains alone for diagnosis of BV, an association was found between abnormal vaginal flora and HIV (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.8). In multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, number of sexual encounters per week, current condom use, and currently having a sexually transmitted disease (STD), both BV and a history of an STD were independently associated with HIV seropositivity (adjusted OR for BV, 4.0 and 95% CI, 1.7-9.4; adjusted OR for history of an STD, 6.9 and 95% CI, 2.1-22.9). Conclusions: When diagnosed clinically, BV is independently associated with HIV seroprevalence. HIV infection may promote abnormal vaginal flora, or BV may increase susceptibility to sexual transmission of HIV. Alternatively, the association seen here may result from intervening variables; in this case BV may be a marker or a cofactor of HIV transmission. C1 MINIST PUBL HLTH,REG OFF COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,CTR SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & AIDS,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. CHIANG MAI UNIV,FAC MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,CHIANG MAI 50000,THAILAND. WASHINGTON UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SEATTLE,WA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,HIV SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP COHEN, CR (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,INT AIDS RES TRAINING PROGRAM,ZX-32,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 16 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1995 VL 9 IS 9 BP 1093 EP 1097 DI 10.1097/00002030-199509000-00017 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RU013 UT WOS:A1995RU01300017 PM 8527084 ER PT J AU DELWART, EL BUSCH, MP KALISH, ML MOSLEY, JW MULLINS, JI AF DELWART, EL BUSCH, MP KALISH, ML MOSLEY, JW MULLINS, JI TI RAPID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSMISSION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PRIMARY INFECTION; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; HIV-1; TYPE-1; EVOLUTION; INVIVO AB Close sequence homology between strains of HIV-1 have been used to corroborate cases of epidemiologically identified transmission. As an alternative to extensive DNA sequence analysis, genetic relateness between pairs of HIV quasispecies was estimated using the reduced electrophoretic mobilities of HIV-1 envelope DNA heteroduplexes through polyacrylamide gels. All six infections acquired in a dental practice in the late 1980s and four of six infections acquired through blood product transfusions and sexual contact in 1984-1985 could be rapidly identified, A rising level of genetic diversity within HIV-1 subtype B facilitated the detection of later transmission events. Transmission linkages could be detected up to 4 years following infection, The simple and rapid technique of DNA heteroduplex tracking can therefore assist epidemiological investigations of HIV transmission and potentially of other genetically variable infectious agents. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30033. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90032. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MICROBIOL & MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP DELWART, EL (reprint author), NYU,SCH MED,AARON DIAMOND AIDS RES CTR,455 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07328, AI32885, AI48367] NR 82 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1081 EP 1093 DI 10.1089/aid.1995.11.1081 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RW230 UT WOS:A1995RW23000010 PM 8554905 ER PT J AU BURROUGHS, GE WOODFIN, WJ AF BURROUGHS, GE WOODFIN, WJ TI ON-SITE SCREENING FOR BENZENE IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A technique is described for on-site screening of workplace atmospheres for benzene in the presence of many potentially interfering substances. The technique allows benzene monitoring with reasonable specificity at the part per million (ppm) level in confined spaces. A commercially available portable gas chromatograph (GC), shown in the laboratory to be capable of resolving benzene from a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, was compared in the field with other portable GCs, sorbent tube samples, and detector tubes. During three field evaluations samples were collected in Tedlar(C) bags, which allowed replicate, on-site analyses by up to three portable gas chromatographs and three types of detector tubes. Additionally, replicate samples were collected from each bag onto charcoal tubes for subsequent laboratory analysis by capillary column flame ionization gas chromatography and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The portable GCs resolved samples to the extent that an integratable response, with the retention time of benzene was seen. In some samples this response,vas not due solely to the presence of benzene, bur such instances would overestimate the concentration and provide a more conservative result. The portable GCs had a total analysis time of less than 10 minutes and detected concentrations of benzene below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's permissible exposure limit of 1 ppm (in most samples, below 0.1 ppm, although the limit of quantitation was matrix dependent). While benzene concentration measurements using detector tubes were less precise, they agreed in almost every instance with the other techniques regarding whether the space was within the 1 ppm ''safe for entry'' concentration. RP BURROUGHS, GE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 874 EP 882 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0874:OSFBIC>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RT901 UT WOS:A1995RT90100004 PM 7677068 ER PT J AU SANDERSON, WT BIAGINI, R TOLOS, W HENNINGSEN, G MACKENZIE, B AF SANDERSON, WT BIAGINI, R TOLOS, W HENNINGSEN, G MACKENZIE, B TI BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS FOR URINE METABOLITES OF THE HERBICIDE ALACHLOR SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CREATININE; EXPOSURE AB Alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl] acetanilide), the active ingredient in several trade name herbicides, is absorbed through the skin and readily excreted in the urine as conjugated metabolites. This paper presents the results of a study to measure alachlor metabolites in the urine of commercial pesticide applicators who were applying alachlor to corn and soybean crops under normal work conditions. Three spot urine samples, collected at the beginning and end of the work shift and the morning after the exposure survey, were collected from 20 applicators, 7 hauler-mixers, and 8 controls. Each sample was analyzed using both a competitive, solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Although the urine metabolite concentrations measured by ELISA were consistently higher than the respective HPLC measurements, a high correlation (r = 0.90) was observed between the ELISA and HPLC measurements. The controls, with little exposure to alachlor, had metabolite levels below or near the lower limits of detection for each analysis technique. Similar urine metabolite concentrations were observed for the applicators and hauler-mixers, suggesting similar work exposures. The average postexposure urine concentrations were not correlated with the amount of alachlor handled and applied, suggesting that other factors, such as work practices, are greater determinants of absorbed doses of alachlor. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. US EPA,DENVER,CO 80202. RP SANDERSON, WT (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 883 EP 889 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0883:BMOCPA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RT901 UT WOS:A1995RT90100005 PM 7677069 ER PT J AU SANDERSON, WT RINGENBURG, V BIAGINI, R AF SANDERSON, WT RINGENBURG, V BIAGINI, R TI EXPOSURE OF COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATORS TO THE HERBICIDE ALACHLOR SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WORKER EXPOSURE AB Presented in this paper are the results of a pilot study to estimate the alachlor inhalation (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N- [methoxymethyl] acetanilide) and skin exposures of commercial pesticide applicators, who apply a variety of herbicides and insecticides to crop land. Twenty applicators and seven hauler-mixers participated in the study. Inhalation exposures ranged from 0.32 to 6.4 mu g/m(3) with a geometric mean of 1.6 mu g/m(3). Alachlor deposition on clothing patches was highly variable, ranging from <0.01 to 32.0 mu g/cm(2). The thigh patches generally received more deposition than patches in other areas. Surface-wipe and hand- and glove-wash samples also indicated that the hands frequently were exposed; alachlor concentrations in postshift handwash samples ranged from 3 to 324 mu g/sample. The results of the study indicate that commercial pesticide applicators encounter substantial exposures to alachlor and that proper precautions for reducing exposures are not always followed. Practical steps, in particular The use of good work practices, may be taken to reduce exposures in this population. RP SANDERSON, WT (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 56 IS 9 BP 890 EP 897 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0890:EOCPAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RT901 UT WOS:A1995RT90100006 PM 7677070 ER PT J AU SIMON, JA HODGKINS, ML BROWNER, WS NEUHAUS, JM BERNERT, JT HULLEY, SB AF SIMON, JA HODGKINS, ML BROWNER, WS NEUHAUS, JM BERNERT, JT HULLEY, SB TI SERUM FATTY-ACIDS AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CORONARY DISEASE; DIET; FATTY ACIDS; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ID INTERVENTION TRIAL MRFIT; PLATELET-FUNCTION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; DIETARY LIPIDS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THROMBOXANE FORMATION; LINOLEIC-ACID; PLASMA AB To examine the relation between serum fatty acids and coronary heart disease (CHD), the authors conducted a nested case-control study of 94 men with incident CHD and 94 men without incident CHD who were enrolled in the Usual Care group of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial between December 1973 and February 1976. After confirming the stability of the stored serum samples, the authors measured serum fatty acid levels by gas-liquid chromatography and examined their association with CHD. In all multivariate models, levels of the cholesterol ester saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (16:0) were directly associated with CHD risk (standardized odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.55 in the model that adjusted for total plasma cholesterol level). Levels of the phospholipid omega-3 fatty acid docosapentaenoic acid (22:5) were inversely associated with CHD risk in the two multivariate models that controlled for the effects of total plasma cholesterol level or high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total plasma cholesterol ratio (standardized odds ratio = 0.58; 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.89 in the first model that controlled for total plasma cholesterol level). in contrast to the first two multivariate models, levels of the docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) were inversely associated with CHD risk in a third multivariate model that controlled for the effects of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (standardized odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.36-0.90). These findings are consistent with other evidence indicating that saturated fatty acids are directly correlated with CHD and that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are inversely correlated with CHD. Because these associations were present after adjustment for blood lipid levels, other mechanisms, such as a direct effect on blood clotting, may be involved. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. INTERPRACTICE SYST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,CLIN BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP SIMON, JA (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,GEN INTERNAL MED SECT,111A1,4150 CLEMENT ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94121, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 32338-03] NR 60 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 142 IS 5 BP 469 EP 476 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR790 UT WOS:A1995RR79000004 PM 7677125 ER PT J AU SOBEL, E DAVANIPOUR, Z SULKAVA, R ERKINJUNTTI, T WIKSTROM, J HENDERSON, VW BUCKWALTER, G BOWMAN, JD LEE, PJ AF SOBEL, E DAVANIPOUR, Z SULKAVA, R ERKINJUNTTI, T WIKSTROM, J HENDERSON, VW BUCKWALTER, G BOWMAN, JD LEE, PJ TI OCCUPATIONS WITH EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS - A POSSIBLE RISK FACTOR FOR ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; OCCUPATIONS; RISK FACTORS ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; VASCULAR DEMENTIA; CALCIUM; LYMPHOCYTES; PREVALENCE; DEPENDENCE; ACCURACY; RAT AB The authors present analyses of data from three independent clinical series and controls indicating an association between working in occupations with probable medium to high exposure to extremely low frequency (<300 Hz) electromagnetic fields and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Case-control analyses were carried out using data from patients examined at the following locations: the Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 1982-1985; the Koskela Hospital in Helsinki, 1977-1978; and the University of Southern California site of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, 1984-1993. The predominant occupations among medium (2-10 mG or >10 mG intermittently) to high (>10 mG or >100 mG intermittently) exposed cases were seamstress, dressmaker, and tailor. The results appear to be independent of education, and the sex-combined odds ratios for the three series are quite homogeneous: 2.9, 3.1, and 3.0. The odds ratio for the three series analyzed together is 3.0 (p < 0.001), with a 95% confidence interval of 1.6-5.4. The odds ratio for women is 3.8 (p < 0.001), with a 95% confidence interval of 1.7-8.6. The most obvious, possibly etiologically relevant exposure is that of electromagnetic fields, which may have biologic plausibility because they may adversely influence calcium homeostasis and/or inappropriately activate immune system cells such as microglial cells, initiating events that result in neuronal degeneration. C1 UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV KUOPIO,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH & GEN PRACTICE,KUOPIO,FINLAND. HELSINKI UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,HELSINKI,FINLAND. HELSINKI UNIV,REHABIL RES UNIT,HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV SO CALIF,DEPT PSYCHOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH GERONTOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV SO CALIF,ETHEL PERCY ANDRUS GERONTOL CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP SOBEL, E (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,PARKVIEW MED BLDG B-304,1420 SAN PABLO ST,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG08567, P50 AG05142, R01 AG09238] NR 49 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 142 IS 5 BP 515 EP 524 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR790 UT WOS:A1995RR79000011 PM 7677130 ER PT J AU SCHMID, TL PRATT, M HOWZE, E AF SCHMID, TL PRATT, M HOWZE, E TI POLICY AS INTERVENTION - ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLICY APPROACHES TO THE PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MULTICOMMUNITY SURVEY; PUBLIC SUPPORT; COMMUNITY; CONSUMPTION; MINNESOTA; PROJECT; TOBACCO; ALCOHOL AB This paper describes the evolution of efforts to prevent cardiovascular disease, from individual health education approaches to broader community education efforts and, finally, to comprehensive and integrated programs addressing environmental, policy, and individual behavior change. Policies are divided into two areas: legislation/regulation and organizational policy. Environmental strategies are measures that alter or control the physical or social environment. Dimensions along which these strategies might be implemented are provided. Policy and environmental approaches can be justified on economic, strategic, and theoretical grounds. Experiences from other fields and other countries provide a framework for conceptualizing cardiovascular disease prevention approaches. RP SCHMID, TL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 50 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1207 EP 1211 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.9.1207 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR892 UT WOS:A1995RR89200006 PM 7661226 ER PT J AU HURWITZ, ES HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW CHORBA, TL AF HURWITZ, ES HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW CHORBA, TL TI CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. Rates and trends for chronic liver disease mortality in the United States were examined. Methods. National Center for Health Statistics data on underlying cause of death for chronic liver disease for the United States from 1979 through 1989 were analyzed. Four groups of diseases and conditions included under the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, code for chronic liver disease were assessed separately. Results. From 1979 through 1989, there were 303 875 deaths from chronic liver disease; 48% were in the cirrhosis without alcohol group, 42% in the alcohol-related liver disease group, 8% in the liver disease without alcohol group, and 1.5% in the biliary cirrhosis group. Chronic liver disease death rates for Blacks were more than 1.5 times greater than those for Whites and for other races. Chronic liver disease mortality declined 22% overall among both sexes. The largest decreases were for liver disease without alcohol (42%) and cirrhosis without alcohol (25%), followed by alcohol-related liver disease (14%) and biliary cirrhosis (12%). Conclusion. Although declines in US chronic liver disease deaths have been attributed to declining alcohol consumption, these analyses suggest that greater declines have occurred in deaths not coded as alcohol related. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HURWITZ, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MS F-37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1256 EP 1260 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.9.1256 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR892 UT WOS:A1995RR89200014 PM 7661234 ER PT J AU LOCKWOOD, SA MALVITZ, DM AF LOCKWOOD, SA MALVITZ, DM TI TRENDS IN STATE AGENCY ORAL HEALTH AND PUBLIC-HEALTH EXPENDITURES, 1984 THROUGH 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB This paper documents oral health and public health expenditures for fiscal years 1984, 1986, 1988, and 1989, as reported by state health agencies. During this period, reported national expenditures for public and oral health increased 68% and 46%, respectively; between successive fiscal years, fewer states (73%, 67%, 57%) reported increased oral health expenditures, while increasingly more states reported no categorical oral health expenditures. Block grant expenditures for oral health increased overall but decreased as a percentage of total oral health expenditures; 16 states reported no block grant expenditures for oral health in fiscal pear 1989, perhaps reflecting either substantial state support, or marginal to nonexistent oral health programs in these states. RP LOCKWOOD, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,SURVEILLANCE INVEST & RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1266 EP 1268 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.9.1266 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR892 UT WOS:A1995RR89200016 PM 7661236 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, K OSTERHOLM, MT GABRIEL, LL HEDBERG, CW MACDONALD, KL AF HEDBERG, K OSTERHOLM, MT GABRIEL, LL HEDBERG, CW MACDONALD, KL TI LISTERIOSIS IN MINNESOTA, JANUARY 1986 THROUGH MAY 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1293 EP 1294 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.9.1293 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR892 UT WOS:A1995RR89200022 PM 7661242 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, GW GAUDINO, JA ROCHAT, R AF GRIFFIN, GW GAUDINO, JA ROCHAT, R TI 2 TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF RECORD LINKAGES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID WIC PRENATAL PARTICIPATION; MISSOURI; COVERAGE; PROGRAM C1 GEORGIA DIV PUBL HLTH,OFF PERINATAL EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREGNANCY & INGANT HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1995 VL 85 IS 9 BP 1294 EP 1295 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.9.1294 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RR892 UT WOS:A1995RR89200023 PM 7661243 ER PT J AU VALLYATHAN, V CASTRANOVA, V PACK, D LEONARD, S SHUMAKER, J HUBBS, AF SHOEMAKER, DA RAMSEY, DM PRETTY, JR MCLAURIN, JL KHAN, A TEASS, A AF VALLYATHAN, V CASTRANOVA, V PACK, D LEONARD, S SHUMAKER, J HUBBS, AF SHOEMAKER, DA RAMSEY, DM PRETTY, JR MCLAURIN, JL KHAN, A TEASS, A TI FRESHLY FRACTURED QUARTZ INHALATION LEADS TO ENHANCED LUNG INJURY AND INFLAMMATION - POTENTIAL ROLE OF FREE-RADICALS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY OXYGEN-TOXICITY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAT LUNGS; SILICA; CATALASE; ASBESTOS AB Silicosis is a devastating pulmonary disease that continues to occur in industrial workplaces. Its pathogenesis is under critical evaluation, and this report provides new concepts on the possible early events that occur in lungs resulting from the inhalation of freshly fractured versus aged quartz in the development of two diverse disease entities. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical and pathologic changes in the lavagate and lungs of rats exposed to freshly fractured quartz (generated by jet milling), aged quartz (milled then aged for 2 mo prior to use), or clean air 5 h a day for 10 d over a 2-wk period. The concentration of crystalline quartz in the chambers averaged 20 mg/m(3). Particle concentrations and particle size were similar for the freshly milled and aged quartz exposures. However, free radical concentrations associated with the freshly milled quartz samples were significantly higher than those for aged quartz. After a 2-wk exposure, animals were killed and studied by bronchoalveolar ravage and pulmonary histopathology. Inhalation of aged quartz increased the number of bronchoalveolar lavage cells, demonstrated histopathologic evidence of increased pulmonary infiltrates, showed enhanced concentrations of biochemical markers of lung injury, increased lipid peroxidation, and the ability of pulmonary phagocytes to produce more oxygen radicals. In general, all these pulmonary responses were significantly more pronounced after inhalation of freshly fractured quartz compared with aged quartz. In contrast, antioxidant enzymes showed decreased concentrations in the freshly fractured quartz-exposed group compared with the aged quartz-exposed animals. The combination of greater radical generation coupled with lower antioxidant concentrations may explain the augmented pulmonary inflammation and damage in response to fresh quartz dust exposure. These data suggest that those employed in occupations where inhalation of freshly fractured quartz is likely, i.e., sandblasters, rock drillers, and silica flour millers, may experience an increased oxidant burden which could lead to enhanced pulmonary injury and the development of acute silicosis. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP VALLYATHAN, V (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,PATHOL SECT,1095 WILLOWDALE RD,MS 211,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 35 TC 109 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 152 IS 3 BP 1003 EP 1009 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA RT887 UT WOS:A1995RT88700024 PM 7663775 ER PT J AU MARINER, JC MORRILL, J KSIAZEK, TG AF MARINER, JC MORRILL, J KSIAZEK, TG TI ANTIBODIES TO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUSES IN DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK IN NIGER - RIFT-VALLEY FEVER AND CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MAURITANIA; EPIDEMIC; PHLEBOVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; SEROSURVEY; INFECTION; CATTLE; SHEEP AB A repository of domestic animal sera collected in Niger between 1984 and 1988 was assayed for antibody against two zoonotic hemorrhagic fever viruses known to be present in the West African Sahel. A total of 2,540 serum samples from 2,324 cattle, sheep, goats, and camels were tested by an IgG-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the 80% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT(80)) for Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus antibody. Of the 2,540 sera tested for RVF-specific IgG antibody, 1,676 sera from cattle, sheep, and goats were examined for RVF-specific IgM antibody by ELISA. A subset of 2,263 sera were examined for evidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus antibody by an IgG-specific ELISA. Antibody against CCHF virus was found to be most prevalent in adult cattle (422 of 732 or 57.7% positive) sampled at nine locations in the Niamey area. The highest prevalence for RVF neutralizing antibodies was found in camels from the Agadez Department with 67 (47.5%) of 141 positive. The results indicate that both CCHF and RVF Viruses are circulating in Niger and are potential zoonotic health risks. C1 RDP LIVESTOCK SERV,ZEIST,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TUFTS UNIV,SCH VET MED,N GRAFTON,MA 01536. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV APPL RES,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 53 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RY073 UT WOS:A1995RY07300001 PM 7573699 ER PT J AU SHAKIL, AO CONRYCANTILENA, C ALTER, HJ HAYASHI, P KLEINER, DE TEDESCHI, V KRAWCZYNSKI, K CONJEEVARAM, HS SALLIE, R DIBISCEGLIE, AM MELPOLDER, JC HOOFNAGLE, JH AF SHAKIL, AO CONRYCANTILENA, C ALTER, HJ HAYASHI, P KLEINER, DE TEDESCHI, V KRAWCZYNSKI, K CONJEEVARAM, HS SALLIE, R DIBISCEGLIE, AM MELPOLDER, JC HOOFNAGLE, JH TI VOLUNTEER BLOOD-DONORS WITH ANTIBODY TO HEPATITIS-C VIRUS - CLINICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, VIROLOGICAL, AND HISTOLOGIC FEATURES SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUSES; HEPATITIS ANTIBODIES; BLOOD DONORS; ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A-HEPATITIS; LIVER-DISEASE; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SERUM; HCV; RNA; HISTORY AB Objective: To assess the clinical significance of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in volunteer blood donors. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, a tertiary referral research hospital. Patients: 60 anti-HCV-positive blood donors, divided into three groups of 20 persons each: Group I had normal alanine aminotransferase levels, group II had levels elevated to values less than twice the normal range, and group HI had levels elevated to values greater than twice the normal range. Measurements: Medical history, results of laboratory and virologic testing, and percutaneous liver biopsy findings. Results: Participants with normal alanine aminotransferase levels were older and more often female than those with abnormal levels. The source of infection, duration of disease, symptom score, and amount of alcohol consumed were similar in the three groups. Hepatitis C virus RNA was detectable in 85% of participants, more commonly in the groups with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (95%) than in the group with normal levels (65%); however, titers were similar in all groups. Examination of liver biopsy specimens showed chronic hepatitis in 54 participants (90%) and cirrhosis in 1 participant. The only normal liver biopsy specimens (n = 3) were those from participants who were HCV RNA negative and had normal alanine aminotransferase levels. Conclusions: Most blood donors with anti-HCV have chronic hepatitis C regardless of their serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Donors with normal alanine aminotransferase levels and no HCV RNA in their serum generally have normal liver histologic findings or minimal changes and have probably recovered from HCV infection. C1 NIH,LIVER DIS SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. OI Kleiner, David/0000-0003-3442-4453 NR 38 TC 218 Z9 226 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 5 BP 330 EP 337 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RQ988 UT WOS:A1995RQ98800002 PM 7542854 ER PT J AU MAR, EC CHU, CK LIN, JC AF MAR, EC CHU, CK LIN, JC TI SOME NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS WITH ANTI-HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS ACTIVITY INHIBIT REPLICATION OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS, INHIBITION ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; HIV AGENTS; PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES; DNA-POLYMERASE; TYPE-1; GENE; 2',3'-DIDEOXY-3'-THIACYTIDINE; TRANSCRIPTION; LYMPHOCYTES AB The effects of (+)-beta-D-dioxolane-cytosine ((+)-D-beta-DOC), (-)-beta-L-dioxolane-cytosine ((-)-L-beta-DOC), (+)-beta-D-oxathiolane-cytosine ((+)-D-beta-OTC), (-)-beta-L-oxathiolane-cytosine ((-)-L-beta-OTC, or 3TC), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methyl-cytidine (5-Me-AZDC), and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AZDU) on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA replication in vitro were tested in P3HR-1 cells. Two anti-EBV drugs, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG, or ganciclovir), were used as positive controls. The inhibitory effects on EBV DNA synthesis were quantified by membrane filter and Southern blot hybridizations with an EBV-specific probe BamHI-W fragment. The 50% effective doses (ED(50)) for EBV DNA replication were 0.15, 0.83, 1.5, 8.3, 14, and 7.7 mu M for DHPG, (-)-L-beta-DOC, (+)-D-beta-DOC, (+)-D-beta-OTC, (-)-L-beta-OTC, and AZT, respectively. In contrast, 5-Me-AZDC and AZDU were not effective at concentrations as high as 30 mu M. These results indicated that both (-)-L-beta-DOC and (+)-o-beta-DOC were more potent than AZT, which has previously been shown to have anti-EBV activity. (-)-L-beta-DOC and (+)-D-beta-DOC have also been previously demonstrated to suppress the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Thus, (-)-L-beta-DOC represents the first nucleoside analog with L-configuration exhibiting significant antiviral activities against both EBV and HIV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,TUMOR VIROL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL PHARM,DEPT MED CHEM,ATHENS,GA 30602. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 33655, AI 32351] NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/0166-3542(95)92835-B PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA RV195 UT WOS:A1995RV19500001 PM 8585756 ER PT J AU FUORTES, LJ KIKEN, S MAKOWSKY, M AF FUORTES, LJ KIKEN, S MAKOWSKY, M TI AN OUTBREAK OF NAPHTHALENE DI-ISOCYANATE-INDUCED ASTHMA IN A PLASTICS FACTORY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISEASE AB Seven cases of possible naphthalene di-isocyanate-related occupational asthma occurred in 1987 and 1988. These cases were reported to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health by personnel at a Midwest factory that manufactured plastic wheels for fork-lift trucks. The reporting of cases prompted (a) an evaluation of the workplace, including a medical screening of workers, to detect additional cases; and (b) an industrial-hygiene survey to determine the level of exposure to isocyanates. C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. IOWA METHODIST OCCUPAT MED,DES MOINES,IA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 337 EP 340 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TA996 UT WOS:A1995TA99600002 PM 7574886 ER PT J AU BALLARD, T EHLERS, J FREUND, E AUSLANDER, M BRANDT, V HALPERIN, W AF BALLARD, T EHLERS, J FREUND, E AUSLANDER, M BRANDT, V HALPERIN, W TI GREEN TOBACCO SICKNESS - OCCUPATIONAL NICOTINE POISONING IN TOBACCO WORKERS SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-HAZARDS; HARVESTERS; CHILDREN AB In this study the authors describe the investigation of a 1992 outbreak of green tobacco sickness, a form of nicotine poisoning from dermal exposure, among 47 tobacco workers in a five-county region of central and south-central Kentucky. Cases were identified through medical record searches at participating hospitals, as well as from reports submitted to the Occupational Health Nurses in Agricultural Communities program. A case-control study was undertaken to assess risk factors for green tobacco sickness. In a 20-min telephone interview, 40 cases and 83 controls responded to questions contained in a questionnaire. In 1992, 47 persons (3 were under age 16 y) in the study region sought medical treatment for green tobacco sickness. Twelve persons were hospitalized and 2 required intensive-care treatment. The crude incidence in 1992 was 10.0/1 000 tobacco workers. In 1993, 66 cases (7 were under age 16 y) of green tobacco sickness were identified in the study region (i.e., annual incidence of 14.0/1 000). A case-control study demonstrated that ill workers were younger, and were more likely to have worked in wet conditions, compared with workers who were not ill. Green tobacco sickness is a common problem among tobacco workers that may be prevented by avoiding work in wet tobacco or by use of protective clothing. Children younger than 16 y of age represented 9% of the green tobacco sickness cases in 1992 and 1993. Current occupational safety and health laws do not address protection of tobacco workers with respect to green tobacco sickness. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,FRANKFORT,KY. BARREN RIVER DIST HLTH DEPT,BOWLING GREEN,KY. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 50 IS 5 BP 384 EP 389 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TA996 UT WOS:A1995TA99600010 PM 7574894 ER PT J AU BIJUR, PE TRUMBLE, A HAREL, Y OVERPECK, MD JONES, D SCHEIDT, PC AF BIJUR, PE TRUMBLE, A HAREL, Y OVERPECK, MD JONES, D SCHEIDT, PC TI SPORTS AND RECREATION INJURIES IN US CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; FOOTBALL AB Objectives: To estimate and describe morbidity from sports and recreation injuries in children and adolescents. Design: Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics-the Child Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health interview Survey. Setting: The general community. Participants: Representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian US population. Five percent of the eligible households did not participate. The subject of this report is 11840 children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years. Main Outcome Measures: Medically attended nonfatal injuries resulting from sports and recreation, and serious sports injuries, defined as injuries resulting in hospitalization, surgical treatment, missed school, or half a day or more in bed. Sports and recreation injuries were defined as those occurring in a place of recreation or sports, or receiving any of the following International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) E-codes: struck in sports, fall in sports, bicycle-related injury, riding an animal, water sports, overexertion, fall from playground equipment or other vehicles, primarily skates and skateboards. Results: The estimated annual number of all injuries from sports and recreation in US children and adolescents is 4 379 000 (95% confidence interval = 3 147 000 to 5 611 000); from serious sport injuries, 1 363 000 (95% confidence interval = 632 000 to 2 095 000). Sports account for 36% of injuries from all causes. Cause and nature of injury are strongly related to age. Sports do not account for a disproportionate number of serious or repeated injuries compared with other causes of injuries. Conclusion: Sports activities account for a large number and substantial proportion of all injuries to children and youth. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & SOCIAL MED,BRONX,NY 10467. NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. BAR ILAN UNIV,GRAD PROGRAM MED SOCIOL,RAMAT GAN,ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP BIJUR, PE (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,ROSE F KENNEDY CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,ROOM 920,1410 PELHAM PKWY S,BRONX,NY 10461, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD25416-02] NR 21 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 149 IS 9 BP 1009 EP 1016 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RU136 UT WOS:A1995RU13600010 PM 7655585 ER PT J AU JONAS, BL GONZALEZ, EB CALLAHAN, L KUFFNER, T TIGGES, S CARPENTER, W TRUSLOW, W LINKINS, R MCNICHOLL, JM AF JONAS, BL GONZALEZ, EB CALLAHAN, L KUFFNER, T TIGGES, S CARPENTER, W TRUSLOW, W LINKINS, R MCNICHOLL, JM TI THE SHARED EPITOPE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASE SEVERITY IN AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN POPULATION WITH RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400246 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T BROOKS, RH CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T BROOKS, RH CALLAHAN, LF TI MEASURES OF INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS MAY INDICATE NO CHANGE OR IMPROVEMENT OVER 5 YEARS WHILE MEASURES OF DAMAGE INDICATE DISEASE PROGRESSION - IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM OUTCOMES SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 630 EP 630 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400629 ER PT J AU VOGLER, LB MCNICHOLL, J GAY, BB AF VOGLER, LB MCNICHOLL, J GAY, BB TI CLINICAL AND GENETIC EVALUATION OF A MIDDLE-EASTERN FAMILY WITH 5 OF 6 CHILDREN PRESENTING FEATURES OF SEVERE POLYARTICULAR JUVENILE RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NIA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 798 EP 798 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68400797 ER PT J AU JORDAN, JM RENNER, JB FRYER, JG MARCUM, SB WOODARD, J HELMICK, C AF JORDAN, JM RENNER, JB FRYER, JG MARCUM, SB WOODARD, J HELMICK, C TI SMOKING AND OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) OF THE KNEE AND HIP SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 1132 EP 1132 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68401131 ER PT J AU LAWRENCE, RC PILLEMER, SR MURPHY, R OSTECHEGI, Y THOMA, G LONG, R BERMAN, LE AF LAWRENCE, RC PILLEMER, SR MURPHY, R OSTECHEGI, Y THOMA, G LONG, R BERMAN, LE TI INTERNET ACCESS TO A NATIONAL-POPULATION SAMPLE OF RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES OF NECK AND LUMBAR SPINE SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAMS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CDC,HCHS,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NIH,NATL LIB MED,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 38 IS 9 SU S BP 1394 EP 1394 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RX684 UT WOS:A1995RX68401392 ER PT J AU ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS AF ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS TI THE EFFECTS OF ENDOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED DIALYSATE AND POLYSULFONE OR CELLULOSIC MEMBRANES ON THE RELEASE OF TNF-ALPHA DURING SIMULATED DIALYSIS SO ARTIFICIAL ORGANS LA English DT Article DE HEMODIALYSIS; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; ENDOTOXIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN-1 PRODUCTION; HUMAN-PLASMA; HEMODIALYSIS; BACTERIAL; OPTIMIZATION; STIMULATION AB Simulated dialysis of whole blood was used to determine whether membrane factors (biocompatibility), endotoxin (ET) membrane diffusion, or transmembrane monocyte-ET interactions would stimulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) release. Whole blood containing EDTA and aprotinin was recirculated in the blood compartment of hollow fiber dialyzers containing either regenerated cellulose or polysulfone membranes. ET-free and ET-spiked dialysate were recirculated consecutively in the dialysate compartment for 30 min each. Blood and dialy-sate samples were collected at t(0) and after each 30 min of simulated dialysis for determination of TNF alpha and ET concentrations. TNF alpha was not detected in any blood samples collected after simulated dialysis with regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes and ET-free or ET-spiked dialysate. However, blood ET concentrations, as determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, increased in RC dialyzers after each 30 min of simulated dialysis even with ET-free dialysate. Since TNF alpha was not detected in these blood samples; the material detected by the LAL assay probably was not ET but an LAL-reactive material. After simulated dialysis with polysulfone dialyzers and ET-free dialysate, TNF alpha and ET were not detected in blood samples. ET also was not detected in blood samples after dialysis with ET-spiked dialysate. However, TNF alpha was detected in 7 of 13 (54%) of the blood samples following the 500 ng/ml of ET dialysate spike. TNF alpha release during simulated dialysis with polysulfone membranes and ET-contaminated dialysate may be due to transmembrane stimulation of circulating mononuclear cells and not diffusion of ET across the membrane. RP ARDUINO, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,DIALYSIS & MED DEVICES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0160-564X J9 ARTIF ORGANS JI Artif. Organs PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 9 BP 880 EP 886 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02446.x PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Transplantation SC Engineering; Transplantation GA RX776 UT WOS:A1995RX77600002 PM 8687293 ER PT J AU KING, CH PLIKAYTIS, BB SHINNICK, TM AF KING, CH PLIKAYTIS, BB SHINNICK, TM TI ISOLATION OF PLASMID DNA FROM MYCOBACTERIA USING A RESIN-BASED ALKALINE LYSIS KIT SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note ID TUBERCULOSIS RP CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NCID, MAIL STOP G35, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 EI 1940-9818 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 326 EP + PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA RU448 UT WOS:A1995RU44800002 PM 7495536 ER PT J AU MILAGRES, LG LEMOS, APS MELES, CEA SILVA, EL FERREIRA, LHML SOUZA, JAM CARLONE, GM AF MILAGRES, LG LEMOS, APS MELES, CEA SILVA, EL FERREIRA, LHML SOUZA, JAM CARLONE, GM TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AFTER IMMUNIZATION OF BRAZILIAN CHILDREN WITH SEROGROUP-C MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE NONCOVALENTLY COMPLEXED WITH OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANTIBODY RESPONSE; C POLYSACCHARIDE; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; VACCINE ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; SUBCLASS RESTRICTION; FUNCTIONAL-ACTIVITY; CONJUGATE VACCINE; SAO-PAULO; IMMUNOGENICITY AB We have studied the antibody response of Brazilian vaccinees to C meningococcal polysaccharide (C-PS) after one or two doses of a vaccine composed of C-PS, outer membrane proteins of B meningococci and aluminum hydroxide. Total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 as well as bactericidal activity mediated by complement were measured in serum samples from children 3 to 83 months of age (postvaccination IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels of 2.4 to 13.4 mu g/ml; less than 18 to 67.8 U/ml and less than 18 to 106.8 U/ml, respectively) and from individuals 10 to 14 years of age (post-vaccination IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels of 14.6 mu g/ml, 23.7 U/ml and 112.0 U/ml, respectively). The antibody response, measured as IgG levels, was age-dependent. Although high antibody levels were demonstrable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), bactericidal activity was not demonstrable (less than 1:4 in serum from children aged less than 24 months. A significant bactericidal activity was detected in serum of children older than 49 months of age and in individuals 10 to 14 years of age. A predominance of IgG2 was observed in post-vaccination serum samples from children belonging to those two age groups. The antibody concentration sufficient to confer protection as well as the possible causes of the poor correlation observed between ELISA and bactericidal activity results are discussed. C1 LAB CENT SAUDE PUBL,BR-68906970 MACAPA,AMAPA,BRAZIL. CTR SAUDE 1,BR-13870000 SAO JOAO BOA,SP,BRAZIL. CTR REG SAUDE,ERSA 54,BR-13870000 SAO JOAO BOA,SP,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MILAGRES, LG (reprint author), INST ADOLFO LUTZ REGISTRO,SECAO BACTERIOL,AV DR ARNALDO 351,CERQUEIRA CESAR,BR-01246902 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC BRAS DIVULG CIENTIFICA PI SAO PAULO PA FACULDADE MEDICINA, SALA 21, 14049 RIBEIRAO PRETO, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0100-879X J9 BRAZ J MED BIOL RES JI Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 28 IS 9 BP 981 EP 989 PG 9 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RZ771 UT WOS:A1995RZ77100008 PM 8580887 ER PT J AU SORRESSO, DJ MEHTA, JB HARVILL, LM BENTLEY, S AF SORRESSO, DJ MEHTA, JB HARVILL, LM BENTLEY, S TI UNDERUTILIZATION OF ISONIAZID CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTACTS 50 YEARS OF AGE AND OLDER - A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE ISONIAZID THERAPY; TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS ID HEPATITIS; THERAPY; LIVER AB Study objectives: To examine the utilization of chemoprophylaxis for tuberculosis in certain high-risk groups, ie, infected contacts 50 years and older, and to study the safety of isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy in such persons. Design: From 1987 to 1992, two-part questionnaires were sent to each of the regional health offices within the 95 counties of Tennessee to document cases of purified protein derivative skin test conversion or reaction among dose contacts of new patients with active tuberculosis. Infected contacts 50 years and older were included in the study. Methods: Data collected from these questionnaires were grouped according to age, sex, race, liver functions test (LFT), and whether chemotherapy was completed, Reasons for early discontinuation were also recorded. High values of LFTs were classified in the various groups as either twofold elevation or greater than threefold elevation. Results: Of the 829 responses for persons fitting the criteria for INH chemoprophylaxis, 415 began treatment; 249 (60%) of those completed the full course (9 months) and 166 stopped prematurely. Of the 414 persons (50%) who did not start preventive therapy, 233 (56.5%) respondents listed age as the reason, No patients started on a regimen of therapy developed hepatitis, Of those completing therapy, 6.9% had a rise in liver enzyme values but remained asymptomatic for hepatitis, Liver enzyme level elevation was significantly higher among patients who discontinued therapy, particularly white women, than those who completed the full course. Asymptomatic liver enzyme level elevation (greater than or equal to 3 times normal value), private practitioners' preferences, and patients arbitrarily stopping therapy were the leading reasons for incomplete INH preventive therapy, Conclusion: We conclude that 30% of tuberculosis-infected contacts deserving chemoprophylaxis were actually provided the full benefit of INH preventive therapy, indicating underutilization of this prevention strategy, particularly in contacts older than 50 years. C1 E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JAMES H QUILLEN COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,JAMES H QUILLEN COLL MED,MED EDUC SECT,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 1995 VL 108 IS 3 BP 706 EP 711 DI 10.1378/chest.108.3.706 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA RU348 UT WOS:A1995RU34800024 PM 7656620 ER PT J AU BRADEN, CR VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM USSERY, XT GRANT, SB DWYER, D BUR, S ISRAEL, R PARROTT, CK BEAUCHAMP, PS DILLAHA, J BURLEY, WC LEE, C ACHAM, GW DUONG, L CARNEIRO, C WOLFOLK, K CANTWELL, EG SYLVESTER, L LEMMERT, D SMITH, MH SMITH, P BUTLER, WR AF BRADEN, CR VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM USSERY, XT GRANT, SB DWYER, D BUR, S ISRAEL, R PARROTT, CK BEAUCHAMP, PS DILLAHA, J BURLEY, WC LEE, C ACHAM, GW DUONG, L CARNEIRO, C WOLFOLK, K CANTWELL, EG SYLVESTER, L LEMMERT, D SMITH, MH SMITH, P BUTLER, WR TI INFECTIOUSNESS OF A UNIVERSITY-STUDENT WITH LARYNGEAL AND CAVITARY TUBERCULOSIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; SCHOOL AB A search for the source of infection for four children with tuberculosis (TB) identified a university student with cavitary and laryngeal TB. An investigation was conducted at the university, including tuberculin skin test (TST) screening and the use of questionnaire's, chest radiographs, and DNA fingerprint analyses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Six students with active TB were identified. All were linked to the source case. TSTs were positive for 22.4% of 419 students who had contact with the source case vs. 3.6% of 1,306 students without contact. The odds of a positive TST increased to 9.0 with 80 hours of classroom contact. Infectiousness increased significantly in the last of three semesters during which the source case was symptomatic (RR of a positive TST in classmates, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.8-11.8). TST conversions were documented in 23 students; eight had, at most, 5 hours of classroom contact. The source case was highly infectious; transmission following only a few hours of exposure was documented. Her infectiousness increased as her clinical course progressed. This report illustrates the potential infectiousness of TB cases and demonstrates important aspects of tuberculosis control. RP BRADEN, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RU940 UT WOS:A1995RU94000015 PM 8527545 ER PT J AU WALLER, D KRISHNA, S CRAWLEY, J MILLER, K NOSTEN, F CHAPMAN, D TERKUILE, FO CRADDOCK, C BERRY, C HOLLOWAY, PAH BREWSTER, D GREENWOOD, BM WHITE, NJ AF WALLER, D KRISHNA, S CRAWLEY, J MILLER, K NOSTEN, F CHAPMAN, D TERKUILE, FO CRADDOCK, C BERRY, C HOLLOWAY, PAH BREWSTER, D GREENWOOD, BM WHITE, NJ TI CLINICAL-FEATURES AND OUTCOME OF SEVERE MALARIA IN GAMBIAN CHILDREN SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEVERE FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; CHILDHOOD CEREBRAL MALARIA; AFRICAN CHILDREN; MALAWIAN CHILDREN; INTRAMUSCULAR CHLOROQUINE; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; WEST-AFRICA; QUININE; MORTALITY; SEQUELAE AB The clinical and laboratory features of severe falciparum malaria in 180 Gambian children were studied between 1985 and 1989. Of the 180 children, 118 (66%) presented with seizures, 77 (43%) had cerebral malaria, 35 (20%) had witnessed seizures after admission, 29 (16%) were hypoglycemic, and 27 (15%) died. Respiratory distress was a common harbinger of a fatal outcome. The differences in admission parasite counts in the blood, hematocrit, and opening cerebrospinal pressures for patients who died and survivors were not significant. A multiple logistic regression model identified neurological status (coma, particularly if associated with extensor posturing), stage of parasite development on the peripheral blood film, pulse rate of >150 or respiratory rate of >50, hypoglycemia, and hyperlactatemia (plasma lactate level, >5 mmol/L) as independent indicators of a fatal outcome, Biochemical evidence of hepatic and renal dysfunction was an additional marker of a poor prognosis, but, in contrast to severe malaria in adults, none of these children with severe malaria had acute renal failure. C1 MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC TROP MED,BANGKOK 10400,THAILAND. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,NUFFIELD DEPT CLIN MED,HEADINGTON,OXON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV AMSTERDAM,ACAD MED CTR,INFECT DIS & TROP MED UNIT,1105 AZ AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. MRC,FAJARA,SENEGAL. ROYAL VICTORIA HOSP,BANJUL,GAMBIA. RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012; OI Krishna, Sanjeev/0000-0003-0066-0634; Nosten, Francois/0000-0002-7951-0745 FU Wellcome Trust NR 64 TC 134 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 577 EP 587 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RU940 UT WOS:A1995RU94000017 PM 8527547 ER PT J AU MOOLENAAR, RL DALTON, C LIPMAN, HB UMLAND, ET GALLAHER, M DUCHIN, JS CHAPMAN, L ZAKI, SR KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE NICHOL, S CHEEK, JE BUTLER, JC PETERS, CJ BREIMAN, RF AF MOOLENAAR, RL DALTON, C LIPMAN, HB UMLAND, ET GALLAHER, M DUCHIN, JS CHAPMAN, L ZAKI, SR KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE NICHOL, S CHEEK, JE BUTLER, JC PETERS, CJ BREIMAN, RF TI CLINICAL-FEATURES THAT DIFFERENTIATE HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME FROM 3 OTHER ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISTRESS SYNDROME; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS AB To elucidate the early clinical characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), we compared the clinical features of 24 cases of HPS with those of cases of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia(n = 30), influenza (n = 33), or unexplained adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS, n = 21). On admission, patients with HPS were less likely than outpatients with influenza to have reported sore throat (OR = 0.02, P < .01) and cough (OR = 0.1, P = .01) and were less likely than patients with pneumococcal pneumonia to have lobar infiltrates detected by chest roentgenography (OR = 0, P < .01). Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that three clinical characteristics at admission (dizziness, nausea or vomiting, and absence of cough) and three initial laboratory abnormalities (low platelet count, low serum bicarbonate level, and elevated hematocrit level) served to identify all patients with HPS and to exclude HPS in at least 80% of patients with unexplained ARDS. These findings warrant further study and should facilitate the early recognition of patients with HPS, who may benefit from early critical-care intervention. C1 OFF MED INVESTIGATOR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. RP MOOLENAAR, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 21 IS 3 BP 643 EP 649 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RU940 UT WOS:A1995RU94000028 PM 8527558 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LA BRUNER, LA SATTERFIELD, D AF ANDERSON, LA BRUNER, LA SATTERFIELD, D TI DIABETES CONTROL PROGRAMS - NEW DIRECTIONS SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article AB The diabetes control programs (DCPs), which involve state and territorial health agencies working cooperatively with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, offer new opportunities for diabetes educators to expand their scope of practice into public health. The intervention activities of the 40 core-capacity DCPs that are proposed for the next fiscal year are summarized in this paper to provide insight into the new directions of the DCPs. These activities span a range of health-system and community-based approaches and are described by their potential impact on the audience. The interventions are aimed at a variety of intended audiences and partners, including minorities, individuals with diabetes, healthcare providers, and policymakers. As diabetes educators continue to expand their scope of practice, the DCPs offer opportunities to go beyond individual practice behaviors by participating in community development activities, disseminating practice guidelines, changing organizational practices, and advocating for health-related public policy and legislation. RP ANDERSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 21 IS 5 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1177/014572179502100507 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RT784 UT WOS:A1995RT78400006 PM 7656776 ER PT J AU MCCONNELL, S TROIANO, RP BARKER, N NOJI, E HLADY, WG HOPKINS, R AF MCCONNELL, S TROIANO, RP BARKER, N NOJI, E HLADY, WG HOPKINS, R TI LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF HURRICANE-ANDREW - REVISITING MENTAL-HEALTH INDICATORS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISASTER; STRESS AB Two population-based surveys of South Dade County, Florida, were conducted after Hurricane Andrew to compare hurricane-related symptoms of mental distress and describe the impact of mental health outreach teams. Households were selected by three-stage cluster sampling and findings from the two surveys, 13 months apart, were compared. Response rates were 75 per cent and 84 per cent. The prevalence of symptoms of mental distress decreased over time. However, in the households contacted by the teams (25 per cent of sample), the prevalence of symptoms (50 per cent) did not differ from households not contacted (43 per cent). Households contacted by teams that reported symptoms were just as likely to have been referred for help by the teams (72 per cent) as those without symptoms (68 per cent). Households reporting symptoms were equally likely to get counselling regardless of whether the teams visited. Mental health teams had no significant impact on mental health symptoms or the use of mental health services. Alternative approaches to mental health outreach teams need to be explored. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP MCCONNELL, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,MS K-25,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 3 BP 235 EP 246 PG 12 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA RQ771 UT WOS:A1995RQ77100005 ER PT J AU ETZEL, RA AF ETZEL, RA TI INDOOR AIR-POLLUTION AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA - EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERVENTIONS SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Preventing Child Exposures to Environmental Hazards - Research and Policy Issues CY MAR 18-19, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Childrens Environm Hlth Network, NIEHS, Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Public Hlth Superfund Basic Res Program, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, W Alton Jones Fdn, Med Univ S Carolina, Environm Hazards Assessment Program, US EPA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, David and Lucile Packard Fdn, Calif Public Hlth Fdn, Impact Assessment Inc, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Teratol Soc DE ASTHMA; AIR POLLUTION; PASSIVE SMOKING; CHILDHOOD; INTERVENTIONS ID PASSIVE SMOKING; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; LUNG-FUNCTION; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; HOSPITALIZATION; RESPONSIVENESS; ASSOCIATION AB Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the environments of children with asthma. However, the effectiveness of reducing asthmatic children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on the severity of their symptoms has not yet been systematically evaluated. Dust mite reduction is another helpful environmental intervention. This can be achieved by enclosing the child's mattresses, blankets. and pillows in zippered polyurethane-coated casings. Primary prevention of asthma is not as well understood. It is anticipated that efforts to reduce smoking during pregnancy could reduce the incidence of asthma in children. European studies have suggested that reducing exposure to food and house dust mite antigens during lactation and for the first 12 months of life diminishes the development of allergic disorders in infants with high total IgE in the cord blood and a family history of atopy. Many children with asthma and their families are not receiving adequate counseling about environmental interventions from health care providers or other sources. RP ETZEL, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,AIR POLLUT & RESP HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 103 SU 6 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.2307/3432346 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA TB481 UT WOS:A1995TB48100011 PM 8549490 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA EAKER, E BARKER, ND TEUTSCH, SM SOSNIAK, W KRIEGER, N AF HAHN, RA EAKER, E BARKER, ND TEUTSCH, SM SOSNIAK, W KRIEGER, N TI POVERTY AND DEATH IN THE UNITED-STATES - 1973 AND 1991 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE POVERTY; GENDER; TIME-TRENDS; RACE; POPULATION SURVEYS; MORTALITY AB We conducted a survival analysis to determine the effect of poverty on mortality in a national sample of blacks and whites 25-74 years of age (in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Health Examination Follow-up Survey). We estimated the proportion of mortality associated with poverty from 1973 through 1984 and in 1991 by calculating the population attributable risk. We assessed confounding by major known risk factors, such as smoking, serum total cholesterol, and inactivity. In 1973, 16.1% of U.S. mortality among black and white persons 25-74 years of age was attributable to poverty; in 1991, the proportion increased to 17.7%. In 1991, the population attributable risk of poverty on mortality was lowest for white women, 1.7 times higher for white men, 2.6 times higher for black women, and 3.6 times higher fur black men. Potential confounders explained 40% of the effect of poverty on mortality among women. The proportion of mortality attributable to poverty among U.S. black and white adults has increased in recent decades and is comparable to that attributable to cigarette smoking. The effect of poverty on mortality must: be explained by conditions other than commonly recognized risk factors. RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 5 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1097/00001648-199509000-00005 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RQ769 UT WOS:A1995RQ76900005 PM 8562624 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ FLANDERS, WD AF KHOURY, MJ FLANDERS, WD TI BIAS IN USING FAMILY HISTORY AS A RISK FACTOR IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES OF DISEASE SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FAMILIAL GENETIC; RELATIVE RISK; CASE CONTROL STUDIES AB In many case-control studies of common diseases, investigators use family history information to assess familial aggregation of the disease and the influence of genetic factors. Positive family history among first-degree relatives is often used as a risk factor, and its odds ratio is calculated. Although the limitations of this approach have been discussed, it is not clear how much impact such limitations could have on measuring familial aggregation. To assess this impact, we compare odds ratios derived from using a positive family history in case-control studies with measures of relative risk derived from comparing lifetime risks of disease among first-degree relatives of case subjects with those among first-degree relatives of control subjects. Positive family history is a function of the number of relatives, the background risk of disease, the age distribution of relatives, and the correlation in risk among relatives. It can be shown that even without case-control differences in the number or ages of relatives, positive family history tends to overestimate relative risk measures applied to individual relatives. This overestimation is accentuated with increasing frequency of the disease, with increasing number of relatives, and for diseases with earlier age at onset. It is further affected by even small case-control differences in family size and age distribution of relatives. As such, positive family history is not a stable indicator of familial aggregation across different case control studies of the same disease. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 5 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1097/00001648-199509000-00009 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RQ769 UT WOS:A1995RQ76900009 PM 8562628 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM SARNO, AP HARLASS, FE RAWLINGS, JS READ, JA AF ADAMS, MM SARNO, AP HARLASS, FE RAWLINGS, JS READ, JA TI RISK-FACTORS FOR PRETERM DELIVERY IN A HEALTHY COHORT SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PRETERM DELIVERY; PRENATAL CARE; PREGNANCY INTERVAL; PREMATURE LABOR; COHORT STUDY; RACE AB To examine whether risk factors differed among subgroups of preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) deliveries, we studied a cohort of 1,825 enlisted servicewomen who delivered from 1987 through 1990 at four U.S. Army medical centers. Preterm deliveries were classified by length of gestation (<29 weeks, 29-32 weeks, 33-36 weeks) and clinical course [medical indication, idiopathic preterm labor, or preterm rupture of membranes (PROM)]. We abstracted medical records for information on age, race, army rank, marital status, gravidity, parity, the baby's sex, maternal prepregnancy height and weight, gestation at entry to prenatal care, alcohol drinking and smoking, time since and outcome of preceding pregnancy, surgery performed during pregnancy, anemia, and diagnoses of uterine abnormalities, sexually transmitted diseases, and urinary tract infections. We used proportional hazards analysis to evaluate associations for each subgroup of preterm delivery. The relative odds associated with a history of preterm delivery in the preceding pregnancy ranged from 3.1 for deliveries due to preterm labor or FROM to 6.2 for deliveries that occurred during 29-32 weeks; none of the other factors was consistently associated across the subgroups of preterm delivery. The paucity of associations is consistent with the conclusion of other investigators that most of the causes of preterm delivery are unknown. RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MS K-23,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 5 BP 525 EP 532 DI 10.1097/00001648-199509000-00011 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RQ769 UT WOS:A1995RQ76900011 PM 8562630 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, AK ROSEN, D MILLER, GL FIGGS, LW ZAHM, SH SIEBER, SM HUMPHREY, HEB SINKS, T AF HENDERSON, AK ROSEN, D MILLER, GL FIGGS, LW ZAHM, SH SIEBER, SM HUMPHREY, HEB SINKS, T TI BREAST-CANCER AMONG WOMEN EXPOSED TO POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS; BREAST CANCER; MICHIGAN; ORGANOHALIDES; FOOD CONTAMINATION; CASE-CONTROL STUDY; BIOMARKERS; COHORT STUDY AB We conducted a nested case-control study with 1,925 women enrolled in a polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) registry to examine the association between breast cancer and serum PBBs. Twenty women who developed breast cancer were matched to 290 control subjects on sex, race, and age. Women with serum PBB levels of 2.0-3.0 parts per billion (ppb) [odds ratio (OR) = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-13] or 4.0 ppb or greater (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 0.8-12) had a higher estimated risk for breast cancer than women with less than 2.0 ppb. The odds ratios were unchanged when available breast cancer risk factors were included in the analysis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARD & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. RP HENDERSON, AK (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE DEPT LABOR & IND,SAFETY & HLTH ASSESSMENT & RES PREVENT,MAIL STOP 4330,OLYMPIA,WA 98504, USA. RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 0 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 5 BP 544 EP 546 DI 10.1097/00001648-199509000-00014 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RQ769 UT WOS:A1995RQ76900014 PM 8562633 ER PT J AU MURPHY, CC TREVATHAN, E YEARGINALLSOPP, M AF MURPHY, CC TREVATHAN, E YEARGINALLSOPP, M TI PREVALENCE OF EPILEPSY AND EPILEPTIC SEIZURES IN 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN - RESULTS FROM THE METROPOLITAN ATLANTA DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES STUDY SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE EPILEPSY; CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; SEIZURES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE ID CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; FEBRILE SEIZURES; POPULATION; DISORDERS AB With reported prevalence rates of 4-9 cases per 1,000 children, childhood epilepsy is a major public health concern. Reported prevalence rates vary, mainly because researchers often use different epilepsy definitions, In addition, total prevalence may be underestimated if incomplete case-ascertainment methods are used. We used a multiple-source case-ascertainment method that included obtaining information from electroencephalogram laboratories to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and to classify seizure types among 10-year-old children. In the metropolitan Atlanta (GA, U.S.A.) area, we found a lifetime prevalence of childhood epilepsy of 6 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval, 5.5-6.5) 10-year-old children. However, using capture-recapture analysis, this prevalence may be as high as 7.7 per 1,000. Proportionately more boys than girls had epilepsy, The prevalence did not vary appreciably by race. Partial seizures, including secondarily generalized seizures, were the most common seizure type (58%). Of children with epilepsy, 35% had another developmental disability (mental retardation, cerebral palsy, visual impairment, or hearing impairment). An accurate estimate of the public health burden of childhood epilepsy and determination of possible risk factors for idiopathic epilepsy both depend on conducting complete community-based case ascertainment and obtaining detailed clinical data. C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA. SCOTTISH RITE CHILDRENS MED CTR,CTR CHILDRENS EPILEPSY,ATLANTA,GA. RP MURPHY, CC (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILIT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 39 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD SEP PY 1995 VL 36 IS 9 BP 866 EP 872 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1995.tb01629.x PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA RQ059 UT WOS:A1995RQ05900003 PM 7544279 ER PT J AU PARCEL, GS OHARATOMPKINS, NM HARRIST, RB BASENENGQUIST, KM MCCORMICK, LK GOTTLIEB, NH ERIKSEN, MP AF PARCEL, GS OHARATOMPKINS, NM HARRIST, RB BASENENGQUIST, KM MCCORMICK, LK GOTTLIEB, NH ERIKSEN, MP TI DIFFUSION OF AN EFFECTIVE TOBACCO PREVENTION PROGRAM .2. EVALUATION OF THE ADOPTION PHASE SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROMOTION AB This paper presents the results of theory-based intervention strategies to increase the adoption of a tobacco prevention program. The adoption intervention followed a series of dissemination intervention strategies targeted at 128 school districts in Texas. Informed by Social Cognitive Theory, the intervention provided opportunities for districts to learn about and model themselves after 'successful' school districts that had adopted the program, and to see the potential for social reinforcement through the knowledge that the program had the potential to have an important influence on students' lives. The proportion of districts in the Intervention condition that adopted the program was significantly greater than in the Comparison condition (P < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression indicated that the variables most closely related to adoption among intervention districts were teacher attitudes toward the innovation and organizational considerations of administrators, Recommendations for the development of effective strategies for the diffusion of innovations are presented. C1 UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOMETRY,HOUSTON,TX 77225. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PARCEL, GS (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH PROMOT RES & DEV,HOUSTON,TX 77225, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5 R01 CA45970] NR 20 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.1093/her/10.3.297 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RX125 UT WOS:A1995RX12500006 PM 10158027 ER PT J AU GUENTHERGREY, CA SCHNELL, D FISHBEIN, M AF GUENTHERGREY, CA SCHNELL, D FISHBEIN, M TI SOURCES OF HIV/AIDS INFORMATION AMONG FEMALE SEX TRADERS SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Note AB Women who trade sex for money or drugs (sex traders) are an important group to receive HIV risk reduction messages, To deliver messages effectively, it is useful to know where sex traders get information about HIV. Data from street-based interviews in three cities were analyzed to determine sources of HIV information (mass media, small media, interpersonal contacts) for sex traders, and the relationships between receiving HIV information and HIV prevention knowledge and behaviors. Television was cited most as a source of information about HIV; sources varied by city and injecting drug use. Exposure to HIV information through small media and interpersonal channels was associated with the ability to identify primary routes of HIV transmission and being tested for HIV; no associations were found for mass media. The findings suggest small media and interpersonal channels can reach female sex traders who may be at highest risk (e.g. injection drug users), and receiving messages through these channels may be related to HIV risk reduction knowledge and behavior. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT,DALLAS,TX 75207. LONG BEACH DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,LONG BEACH,CA 90802. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA 98121. RP GUENTHERGREY, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1093/her/10.3.385 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RX125 UT WOS:A1995RX12500013 ER PT J AU MCLAIN, DK WESSON, DM COLLINS, FH OLIVER, JH AF MCLAIN, DK WESSON, DM COLLINS, FH OLIVER, JH TI EVOLUTION OF THE RDNA SPACER, ITS-2, IN THE TICKS IXODES-SCAPULARIS AND I-PACIFICUS (ACAVI, IXODIDAE) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE COMPENSATORY BASE EVOLUTION; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; ITS, 2; REPLICATION SLIPPAGE; SUBREPEATS; TICK ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MOLECULAR DRIVE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; MULTIGENE FAMILIES; Y-CHROMOSOME; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DAMMINI ACARI; X-CHROMOSOME AB Evolution of the rDNA spacer, ITS 2, is examined by comparing 17 DNA sequences of the ticks, bodes scapularis and I. pacificus. The distribution of fixed interspecific differences and the relative frequency of base changes vs. insertions/deletions (indels) matches the distribution and relative frequency for intraspecifically variable sites. This suggests that most: intraspecific variation is nor effectively selected against. The base composition of the ITS 2 transcript is G- and U-biased. But, 5-base regions enriched (> 80 per cent) for A or U occur more frequently than expected while G-and C-enriched regions occur less frequently than expected. Enriched sequences may be prone to replication slippage, accounting for the A/T bias in insertions. Slippage-mediated gains and losses of A/T-rich tandem repeats apparently account for most indels. Minimum-energy conformations of the two species' folded transcripts share major structural features. Structural inertia arises from intramolecular base pairing within stems that allows most mutations to be absorbed as new bulges off stems. Yet, there is evidence of selection to maintain the conformation. First, intraspecifically variable sites are concentrated at the ends of stems in loops and intersections, structures that do not contribute to intramolecular base pairing. Moreover, some indels that have become fined in one species compensate for the presence of conformation-destabilizing indels. However, high rates of sequence evolution within stems and absence of compensatory base evolution contraindicates selective constraint. Degenerate dispersed and tandem copies of two subrepeats, each approximately 20 bases long, may account for much of the ITS 2 sequence. These are approximate inverses of each other and are, consequently, capable of significant intramolecular hydrogen bonding to produce folded transcripts of low energy. Evolution of the ITS 2 sequence may largely entail replication slippage-mediated gains and losses of these repeats or their composite subrepeats. C1 GEORGIA SO UNIV,INST ARTHROPODOL & PARASITOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCLAIN, DK (reprint author), GEORGIA SO UNIV,DEPT BIOL,STATESBORO,GA 30460, USA. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD SEP PY 1995 VL 75 BP 303 EP 319 DI 10.1038/hdy.1995.139 PN 3 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RT527 UT WOS:A1995RT52700010 PM 7558890 ER PT J AU TYNDALL, RL LEHMAN, ES BOWMAN, EK MILTON, DK BARBAREE, JM AF TYNDALL, RL LEHMAN, ES BOWMAN, EK MILTON, DK BARBAREE, JM TI HOME HUMIDIFIERS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF EXPOSURE TO MICROBIAL PATHOGENS, ENDOTOXINS, AND ALLERGENS SO INDOOR AIR-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE AEROSOLS; BACTERIA; ENDOTOXIN; LEGIONELLA ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; LUNG-DISEASE; TAP WATER; INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; BACTERIAL-ENDOTOXIN; PUTATIVE AGENT; CONTAMINATION; AMEBAS; TRANSMISSION AB The propensity of various types of home humidifiers to support and disseminate microbial contaminants into indoor air was tested. Reservoir water and air discharged from humidifiers seeded in the laboratory or naturally contaminated in the home were analyzed by standard microbiological methods. Clinically insignificant as well as overt or potentially pathogenic microorganisms were found to colonize the reservoirs of all types of humidifiers, but only cool mist and ultrasonic units readily aerosolized bacteria and endotoxin. Only cool mist units emitted hydrophobic fungal spores. Cool mist units discharged the greatest number of water particles in the inhalable size range (4-16 mu m) while ultrasonic units were more likely to emit respirable-sized water particles (< 0.2-4 mu m). Overt pathogens isolated from humidifiers in homes included Legionella and a pathogenic Acanthamoeba. Aerosolizing humidifiers should thus be avoided if frequent, thorough cleaning of the units is not practical. C1 CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,WASHINGTON,DC. A&G TECH ASSOCIATES,KNOXVILLE,TN. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TYNDALL, RL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,BDG 9207 MS-8077,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Milton, Donald/G-3286-2010 OI Milton, Donald/0000-0002-0550-7834 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air-Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-1-00003.x PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RV746 UT WOS:A1995RV74600003 ER PT J AU FISCHER, LJ WEYANT, RS WHITE, EH QUINN, FD AF FISCHER, LJ WEYANT, RS WHITE, EH QUINN, FD TI INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION AND TOXIC DESTRUCTION OF CULTURED MACROPHAGES BY CAPNOCYTOPHAGA-CANIMORSUS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE GLIDING BACTERIA; CELLS; INFECTION; INVITRO; BITES; GENUS AB Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative rod that causes opportunistic infections resulting in bacteremia, septicemia, meningitis, and death in immunocompromised, splenectomized, and alcoholic individuals. Infections caused by a related species, Capnocytophaga cynodegmi, remain localized at the site of the wound where the organism is introduced. Both organisms are part of the normal canine oral flora and are introduced through puncture wounds via dog bites, We found that both C, canimorsus and C. cynodegmi attach, are phagocytized, and multiply intracellularly in J774 mouse macrophage cells, After 48 h of infection by C. canimorsus, large sections of the macrophage cell layer were observed to detach and lyse, while the monolayer infected with C. cynodegmi demonstrated no cytotoxic effects, Tissue culture supernatants from the C. canimorsus-infected J774 cells filtered through a 0.22-mu m-pore membrane produced a similar effect on fresh monolayers, while filtrates from C, cynodegmi and uninfected controls produced no effect, No endotoxin release was observed in these supernatants. We conclude that the cytotoxic phenotype of C. canimorsus is the likely result of a toxin produced by this organism. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PATHOGENESIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INVEST & SURVEILLANCE LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 63 IS 9 BP 3484 EP 3490 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RQ792 UT WOS:A1995RQ79200036 PM 7642281 ER PT J AU ROMANS, P TU, ZJ KE, ZX HAGEDORN, HH AF ROMANS, P TU, ZJ KE, ZX HAGEDORN, HH TI ANALYSIS OF A VITELLOGENIN GENE OF THE MOSQUITO, AEDES-AEGYPTI AND COMPARISONS TO VITELLOGENINS FROM OTHER ORGANISMS SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AEDES AEGYPTI; HORMONE RESPONSE ELEMENT; SEQUENCE COMPARISON; VITELLOGENIN GENE; ECDYSONE ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; JUVENILE-HORMONE; YOLK PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EXPRESSION; ENHANCER; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE; RESPONSIVENESS; TRANSCRIPTION AB A genomic done of the Aedes aegypti vitellogenin A1 gene was sequenced() including 2015 bp of 5' untranscribed sequence, 6369 bp of open reading frame interrupted by two introns, and a short 3' untranslated region, Primer extension was used to identify the transcription initiation site. The amino termini of the large and small subunits were located by N-terminal sequencing of vitellin purified from eggs. The length of the signal sequence and the position of the cleavage site between the two subunits were also determined. Three sequential imperfect repeats were found near the beginning of the small subunit. The sequence of the coding region appears to be polymorphic. Comparison of the signal sequences of seven insect vitellogenin genes revealed several conserved leucines, and a conserved position of an intron. However, the signal sequences are not conserved between these genes and the yolk protein genes of Cyclorraphid Dipteran insects, The cleavage sites between the small and large subunits in the vitellogenins of the mosquito, A, aegypti, sawfly, Athalia rosae, boil weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and silkworm, Bombyx mori are flanked by sequences rich in serine. Pairwise dot matrix analysis at the protein level showed that the mosquito, boil weevil and silkworm vitellogenins are significantly related with approx, 50% similarity. One region of the three insect vitellogenin genes, near the N-terminal of the large subunit, showed the highest levels of similarity, from 57.5 to 64.4%. The position of cysteines in insect vitellogenins is conserved, particularly in the C-terminus of the large subunit. Dot matrix comparison of the mosquito vitellogenin with that of Xenopus laevis and Caenorhabditis elegans showed much lower, but still significant degrees of relationship. Pairwise comparisons of the mosquito vitellogenin and the Drosophila melanogaster yolk proteins did not show significant similarities, Potential regulatory regions in the mosquito VgA1 gene were identified by comparison to regulatory elements known from other organisms, especially D. melanogaster, which could provide useful information for further functional analysis. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV ARIZONA,CTR INSECT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT ZOOL,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 24869] NR 61 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 25 IS 8 BP 939 EP 958 DI 10.1016/0965-1748(95)00037-V PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA RV027 UT WOS:A1995RV02700009 PM 7550249 ER PT J AU JURANEK, DD ADDISS, DG BARTLETT, ME ARROWOOD, MJ COLLEY, DG KAPLAN, JE PERCIASEPE, R ELDER, JR REGLI, SE BERGER, PS AF JURANEK, DD ADDISS, DG BARTLETT, ME ARROWOOD, MJ COLLEY, DG KAPLAN, JE PERCIASEPE, R ELDER, JR REGLI, SE BERGER, PS TI CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS AND PUBLIC-HEALTH - WORKSHOP REPORT SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WATER-SUPPLIES; SURFACE-WATER; GIARDIA; OUTBREAK AB Representatives from 40 states and from regulatory and public health agencies, water utilities, and advocacy groups met last year to discuss prevention and control of waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Workgroups addressed surveillance systems and epidemiologic study designs, public health responses when oocysts are detected in drinking water, cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised individuals, and water sampling methods and interpretation of results. The groups defined problems associated with these issues and developed strategies that could be used initially to manage these problems. An outgrowth of the workshop has been the formation of the Working Group on Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis, which holds regular teleconferences, In addition, several task forces are working to address strategies proposed in this report. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. US EPA,OFF WATER,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. US EPA,OFF GROUND WATER & DRINKING WATER,REGULATORY MANAGEMENT BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20460. RP JURANEK, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MS-F22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSN PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 87 IS 9 BP 69 EP 80 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA RU888 UT WOS:A1995RU88800009 ER PT J AU VALLEROY, LA WEINSTEIN, B JONES, TS GROSECLOSE, SL ROLFS, RT KASSLER, WJ AF VALLEROY, LA WEINSTEIN, B JONES, TS GROSECLOSE, SL ROLFS, RT KASSLER, WJ TI IMPACT OF INCREASED LEGAL ACCESS TO NEEDLES AND SYRINGES ON COMMUNITY PHARMACIES NEEDLE AND SYRINGE SALES - CONNECTICUT, 1992-1993 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; LEGISLATION; PHARMACY LEGISLATION; NEEDLES; PHARMACY; PRIMARY PREVENTION; PUBLIC POLICY; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; INTRAVENOUS; SYRINGES ID INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; AIDS; EPIDEMIC; ENGLAND; HIV AB In May 1992, the Connecticut legislature passed new laws aimed at increasing injecting drug users' (IDUs) access to sterile needles and syringes (syringes); as of July 1992, pharmacists were permitted to sell and individuals were permitted to possess up to 10 syringes without medical prescriptions (nonprescription syringes). We evaluated the impact of the new laws by conducting (1) prospective surveillance of syringe sales and policies at selected community pharmacies (pharmacies) and (2) a telephone survey of pharmacy managers' reports of syringe sales and policies at a statewide stratified random sample of pharmacies. Our data provide direct evidence that most, but not all, Connecticut pharmacies sold nonprescription syringes when permitted to do so by the new laws. For example, using the telephone survey data, we estimate that during November, 1993, 83% [95% CI: 77-89%] of all Connecticut pharmacies sold nonprescription syringes and 56,000 [95% CI: 44,000-68,000] nonprescription syringes were sold. during November 1993. Our data provide indirect evidence that IDUs were purchasing nonprescription syringes at pharmacies. For example, in five Hartford pharmacies located in neighborhoods where injection drug use was prevalent, the total number of nonprescription syringes sold per month increased significantly from 460 in July 1992 to 2,482 in June 1993 (p = 0.0001). The data suggest that the new laws increased IDUs' access to sterile syringes in Connecticut. C1 CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT. RP VALLEROY, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RR296 UT WOS:A1995RR29600011 PM 7648288 ER PT J AU GROSECLOSE, SL WEINSTEIN, S JONES, TS VALLEROY, LA FEHRS, LJ KASSLER, WJ AF GROSECLOSE, SL WEINSTEIN, S JONES, TS VALLEROY, LA FEHRS, LJ KASSLER, WJ TI IMPACT OF INCREASED LEGAL ACCESS TO NEEDLES AND SYRINGES ON PRACTICES OF INJECTING-DRUG USERS AND POLICE OFFICERS - CONNECTICUT, 1992-1993 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE INJECTING-DRUG USERS; NEEDLE PRESCRIPTION LAW; DRUG PARAPHERNALIA LAW; NEEDLE AND SYRINGE SHARING; NEEDLESTICK INJURY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; AIDS; HIV; EXCHANGE; BEHAVIOR; ABUSERS; ADDICTS; FRANCE AB To determine whether the simultaneous, partial repeal of needle prescription and drag paraphernalia laws in Connecticut affected purchasing and usage of needles and syringes (syringes) by injecting-drug users (IDUs) and risk of needlestick injuries to police officers, we conducted two serial cross-sectional surveys with IDUs recruited in drug treatment centers, correctional facilities, and health department settings. Reports of needlestick injuries among Hartford police officers were reviewed before and after the new laws. Among IDUs who reported ever sharing a syringe, syringe-sharing decreased after the new laws (52% before vs. 31% after; p = 0.02). Fewer IDUs reported purchasing syringes on the street after the new laws (74% before vs. 28% after; p < 0.0001). More IDUs reported purchasing syringes from a pharmacy after the new laws (19% before vs. 78% after; p < 0.0001). Eight to eleven months after the new laws were enacted, over two thirds (91 of 134) of active IDUs interviewed were aware of both new laws. Needlestick injury rates among Hartford police officers were lower after the new laws (six injuries in 1,007 drug-related arrests for 6-month period before new laws vs. two in 1,032 arrests for 6-month period after new laws). The changes in Connecticut laws were associated with decreases in self-reported syringe-sharing and increases in purchasing by IDUs of sterile syringes from reliable sources, suggesting that the simultaneous repeal of both prescription and paraphernalia laws is an important HIV prevention strategy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,DIV AIDS,HARTFORD,CT. NR 41 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 82 EP 89 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RR296 UT WOS:A1995RR29600012 PM 7648290 ER PT J AU GLEGHORN, AA JONES, TS DOHERTY, MC CELENTANO, DD VLAHOV, D AF GLEGHORN, AA JONES, TS DOHERTY, MC CELENTANO, DD VLAHOV, D TI ACQUISITION AND USE OF NEEDLES AND SYRINGES BY INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; INTRAVENOUS INJECTION ID INFECTION; LEGAL AB Our objective was to determine how injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore, Maryland obtain and use needles and syringes (NS) for drug injection, before the opening of a needle exchange program (NEP). The method of this study was a cross-sectional structured interview survey in 1992 of active IDUs in a longitudinal study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For 466 IDUs (94.6% black, 83% male), usual sources of NS were ''street'' dealers (49.6%), pharmacies (29.8%), diabetics (16.3%), friends/neighbors (2.2%), and ''shooting galleries'' (1.9%). Half(53.5%) reported pharmacy purchase of NS, and 55.6% had diabetic friends/relatives. Twenty-three percent traded drugs, and 5% traded sex for NS, Eighty-eight and two-tenths percent would use a needle exchange program; 24.6% currently own no NS (median owned = 2.2), NS reuse was common (median = three times). Concern about (55.2%) or history of (33.9%) hassle/arrest for NS possession was typical; 81% kept NS at home, and 67% do not carry NS when purchasing drugs. Pharmacy purchasers (versus ''street'') were less likely to have been jailed, shared NS, or used shooting galleries during the preceding 6 months. In Maryland, although IDUs can legally purchase NS at pharmacist discretion, possession remains illegal; fewer than one-third of IDUs use pharmacies, and most obtain NS from illegal sources. Most IDUs reuse NS, but discard them after several uses. Current patterns of NS acquisition and use in Baltimore are likely to increase HIV transmission. Increased availability and decriminalization of NS possession could decrease the risk of injection-related HIV transmission. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GLEGHORN, AA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,DIV BEHAV SCI & HLTH EDUC,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA05911, DA04334] NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP 1 PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RR296 UT WOS:A1995RR29600014 PM 7648292 ER PT J AU HENNESSY, CH JOHN, R AF HENNESSY, CH JOHN, R TI THE INTERPRETATION OF BURDEN AMONG PUEBLO-INDIAN CAREGIVERS SO JOURNAL OF AGING STUDIES LA English DT Article ID NATIVE AMERICANS; PERSPECTIVE; RELATIVES; SERVICES; ISSUES AB Caregiver burden is a key construct in gerontological research, however, burden measures are rarely evaluated for their cultural validity. This study used focus groups (N = 33 participants) to elicit Pueblo Indian family caregivers' interpretations of an existing burden scale. Qualitative analysis of the focus group discussions on the relevance of the 22 scale items revealed similarities and differences with non-Indian endorsements of these burden constructs. Items measuring the strains created by caregiving within the extended family were emphasized, whereas items reflecting the importance of individual concerns were seen as less important. Findings are discussed in terms of the Pueblo cultural orientation to elder care. C1 UNIV N TEXAS,DENTON,TX 76203. RP HENNESSY, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,MAILSTOP K-51,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 3 PU JAI PRESS INC PI GREENWICH PA 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678 SN 0890-4065 J9 J AGING STUD JI J. Aging Stud. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 215 EP 229 DI 10.1016/0890-4065(95)90003-9 PG 15 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA RU764 UT WOS:A1995RU76400003 ER PT J AU HILL, RH SHEALY, DB HEAD, SL WILLIAMS, CC BAILEY, SL GREGG, M BAKER, SE NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH SHEALY, DB HEAD, SL WILLIAMS, CC BAILEY, SL GREGG, M BAKER, SE NEEDHAM, LL TI DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE METABOLITES IN HUMAN URINE USING AN ISOTOPE-DILUTION TECHNIQUE AND TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED PHENOLS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HERBICIDES; RESIDUES; ACID RP HILL, RH (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 18 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 2 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 5 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA RQ290 UT WOS:A1995RQ29000010 PM 7500620 ER PT J AU BEGGS, ML CRAWFORD, JT EISENACH, KD AF BEGGS, ML CRAWFORD, JT EISENACH, KD TI ISOLATION AND SEQUENCING OF THE REPLICATION REGION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM PLASMID PLR7 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTRACELLULARE; BACTERIA AB The Mycobacterium avium plasmid pLR7 is representative of a group of small plasmids that are common in isolates from AIDS patients with disseminated M. avium infections. Determination of the functions of these and other plasmids has been hampered by the lack of methods for genetic manipulation of M. avium. In this study, the region of pLR7 capable of replication was identified and sequenced. Fragments of pLR7 were cloned into a pUC18 derivative carrying a kanamycin resistance marker and introduced into a plasmid-free M. avium strain by electroporation. The origin of replication was located on a 1.8-kb PvuII-to-SmaI fragment. An open reading frame encoding a putative Rep protein was identified. Two other open reading frames were identified in this region. A shuttle vector, pMB351, was constructed with the pLR7 origin of replication, pUC18, and the kanamycin resistance gene from Tn5. This vector was successfully transformed into M. avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium bovis. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BEGGS, ML (reprint author), JOHN L MCCLELLAN MEM VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED RES,SLOT 151,ROOM GB126,4300 W 7TH ST,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205, USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 177 IS 17 BP 4836 EP 4840 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RR981 UT WOS:A1995RR98100002 PM 7665458 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC ARBEIT, RD GOERING, RV MICKELSEN, PA MURRAY, BE PERSING, DH SWAMINATHAN, B AF TENOVER, FC ARBEIT, RD GOERING, RV MICKELSEN, PA MURRAY, BE PERSING, DH SWAMINATHAN, B TI INTERPRETING CHROMOSOMAL DNA RESTRICTION PATTERNS PRODUCED BY PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS - CRITERIA FOR BACTERIAL STRAIN TYPING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENOMIC DNA; INFECTIONS; ENDONUCLEASES; RESOLUTION; DISEASE C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02130. CREIGHTON UNIV,OMAHA,NE 68178. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH G08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 5943 Z9 6282 U1 23 U2 116 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2233 EP 2239 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RP755 UT WOS:A1995RP75500001 PM 7494007 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, B LU, E JONES, D REGNERY, R AF ANDERSON, B LU, E JONES, D REGNERY, R TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A 17-KILODALTON ANTIGEN OF BARTONELLA-HENSELAE REACTIVE WITH SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; VASCULAR PROLIFERATION; AIDS; INFECTION; MANIFESTATION; LESIONS; THERAPY; AGENT AB A library of Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae DNA was constructed in the cloning vector lambda ZAPII and screened for expression of antigenic proteins by using a pool of sera from patients who had been diagnosed with cat scratch disease (CSD) and had antibodies to Bartonella spp., as determined by indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) assay. Ten immunoreactive phages were subcloned as recombinant plasmids by in vivo excision. All 10 recombinants expressed a protein of approximately 17 kDa when they were examined by immunoblot with the pool of human sera. Restriction endonuclease digestion of each recombinant plasmid indicated seven profiles, suggesting that cloning bias was not the reason for repeated isolation of clones expressing the 17-kDa antigen. The gene coding for the 17-kDa antigen was sequenced and shown to code for an open reading frame of 148 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 16,893 Da. The amino terminus of the deduced amino acid sequence was hydrophobic in nature and similar in size and composition to signal peptides found in gram-negative bacteria. The remainder of the deduced amino acid sequence was more hydrophilic and may represent surface-exposed epitopes. Further subcloning of the 17-kDa antigen as a biotinylated fusion protein in the expression vector PinPoint Xa-2 resulted in a 30-kDa protein that was highly reactive on immunoblots with individual serum samples from patients with CSD. The agreement between reactivity with the 30-kDa fusion protein on immunoblot analysis and the results obtained by IFA assay was 92% for IFA-positive sera and 88% for IFA-negative sera. The recombinant-expressed 17-kDa protein should be of value as an antigen for serologic diagnosis of CSD and Bartonella infections and warrants further study in attempts to develop a subunit vaccine to prevent long-term Bartonella infection in cats and the potential for further spread of these organisms to humans. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI038178] NR 42 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2358 EP 2365 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RP755 UT WOS:A1995RP75500022 PM 7494028 ER PT J AU MILLER, PH WIGGS, LS MILLER, JM AF MILLER, PH WIGGS, LS MILLER, JM TI EVALUATION OF ANAEROGEN SYSTEM FOR GROWTH OF ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOLINELLA AB The Oxoid AnaeroGen system,vas compared with the BBL GasPak for the production of an anaerobic atmosphere and was evaluated for its ability to support the growth of 135 clinically significant anaerobic bacteria, An anaerobe chamber was used as the ''gold standard'' for supporting the growth of anaerobes, The AnaeroGen requires no catalyst, produces no hydrogen, requires no water, and reduces preparation time to a minimum. The water-activated BBL GasPak generates hydrogen. For 132 of the 135 strains tested, better initial growth at 48 h was noted for the jar methods than for the anaerobe chamber. At 72 h, 113 of the 135 strains showed equal growth, and at 7 days, only marginal differences in growth patterns were noted, The AnaeroGen never failed to reduce the anaerobic indicator, while the BBL GasPak occasionally failed to do so. The AnaeroGen performed at least as well as, and sometimes better than, the established methods, The AnaeroGen is a good alternative for use in anaerobic jars. RP MILLER, PH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP C-01,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2388 EP 2391 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RP755 UT WOS:A1995RP75500027 PM 7494033 ER PT J AU WANG, QY ERDMAN, DD AF WANG, QY ERDMAN, DD TI DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CAPTURE IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G AND IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M HEMADHERENCE ASSAYS BY USING HUMAN TYPE-O ERYTHROCYTES AND RECOMBINANT PARVOVIRUS B19 ANTIGEN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ANTIBODIES; IGM AB The capacity of human parvovirus B19 to agglutinate human type O erythrocytes was used to develop immunoglobulin G and M antibody capture hemadherance assays. When results of these assays were compared with those of corresponding antibody capture enzyme immunoassays using a well-characterized panel of 125 serum specimens, a 96.8% overall agreement was obtained between the two methods. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ENTERVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH HOSP SHAANXI PROVINCE,XIAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2466 EP 2467 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RP755 UT WOS:A1995RP75500042 PM 7494048 ER PT J AU ROTA, PA KHAN, AS DURIGON, E YURAN, T VILLAMARZO, YS BELLINI, WJ AF ROTA, PA KHAN, AS DURIGON, E YURAN, T VILLAMARZO, YS BELLINI, WJ TI DETECTION OF MEASLES-VIRUS RNA IN URINE SPECIMENS FROM VACCINE RECIPIENTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BRAIN AB Analysis of urine specimens by using reverse transcriptase-PCR was evaluated as a rapid assay to identify individuals infected with measles virus. For the study, daily urine samples were obtained from either 15-month old children or young adults following measles immunization. Overall, measles virus RNA was detected in 10 of 12 children during the 2-week sampling period. In some cases, measles virus RNA was detected as early as 1 day or as late as 14 days after vaccination. Measles virus RNA was also detected in the urine samples from all four of the young adults between 1 and 13 days after vaccination. This assay will enable continued studies of the shedding and transmission of measles virus and, it is hoped, will provide a rapid means to identify measles infection, especially in mild or asymptomatic cases. RP ROTA, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,REVB,MEASLES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 33 IS 9 BP 2485 EP 2488 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RP755 UT WOS:A1995RP75500049 PM 7494055 ER PT J AU LEITCH, GJ SCANLON, M VISVESVARA, GS WALLACE, S AF LEITCH, GJ SCANLON, M VISVESVARA, GS WALLACE, S TI CALCIUM AND HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATIONS IN THE PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLES OF EPITHELIAL-CELLS INFECTED WITH THE MICROSPORIDIAN ENCEPHALITOZOON HELLEM SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROSPORIDIA; PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE CALCIUM; PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE PH; SPORE GERMINATION; VACUOLE MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS; PATIENT; PARASITE AB Microsporidia of the genus Encephalitozoon undergo merogony and sporogony in a parasitophorous vacuole within the host cell. Cultured green monkey kidney cells infected with Encephalitozoon hellem were loaded with the fluorescent dyes fura-2 or BCECF in order to measure intracellular concentrations of calcium and hydrogen ions respectively. Both the parasitophorous vacuole calcium concentration and pH values resembled those of the host cell cytoplasm in infected cells. Calcein entered the parasitophorous vacuole but not other host cell vacuoles or parasite stages within the parasitophorous vacuole. The lack of a pH or calcium concentration gradient across the parasitophorous vacuole membrane and the permeability of this membrane to a large anion such as calcein suggest that the vacuole membrane surrounding E. hellem resembles that surrounding some other intracellular parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. A potential role is discussed for the parasitophorous vacuole calcium concentration in germination in situ. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP LEITCH, GJ (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,720 WESTVIEW DR SW,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI POTOMAC PA 12263 GREENLEAF AVE, POTOMAC, MD 20854 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 42 IS 5 BP 445 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05889.x PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RY385 UT WOS:A1995RY38500002 PM 7581320 ER PT J AU VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ PIENIAZEK, NJ DASILVA, AJ WALLACE, S SLEMENDA, SB WEBER, R SCHWARTZ, DA GORELKIN, L WILCOX, CM BRYAN, RT AF VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ PIENIAZEK, NJ DASILVA, AJ WALLACE, S SLEMENDA, SB WEBER, R SCHWARTZ, DA GORELKIN, L WILCOX, CM BRYAN, RT TI SHORT-TERM IN-VITRO CULTURE AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE MICROSPORIDIAN, ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS-DIARRHEA; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ENTEROCYTOZOON BIENAUSI; ENTEROCYTES; MICROSPORIDIA; PCR; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCE; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; AIDS PATIENTS; N-SP; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; DIARRHEA; PREVALENCE; FEATURES AB The microsporidium, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, causes a severe, debilitating, chronic diarrhea in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Specific diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis, especially due to Enterocytozoon, is difficult and there is no known therapy that can completely eradicate this parasite. Preliminary studies indicate that a short term (about 6 months) in vitro culture of this parasite yielding low numbers of spores, may be established by inoculating human lung fibroblasts and/or monkey kidney cell cultures with duodenal aspirates and or biopsy from infected patients. The cultures may subsequently be used for the isolation and molecular analysis of parasite DNA. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30335. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30335. RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Infektiologie, USZ/A-6921-2011 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI POTOMAC PA 12263 GREENLEAF AVE, POTOMAC, MD 20854 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 42 IS 5 BP 506 EP 510 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb05896.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RY385 UT WOS:A1995RY38500009 PM 7581324 ER PT J AU BEARD, CB BENEDICT, MQ PRIMUS, JP FINNERTY, V COLLINS, FH AF BEARD, CB BENEDICT, MQ PRIMUS, JP FINNERTY, V COLLINS, FH TI EYE PIGMENTS IN WILD-TYPE AND EYE-COLOR MUTANT STRAINS OF THE AFRICAN MALARIA VECTOR ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; WESTERN KENYA; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Chromatographic analysis of pigments extracted from wild-type eyes of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae reveals the presence of the ommatin precursor 3-hydroxykynurenine, its transamination derivative xanthurenic acid, and a dark, red-brown pigment spot that probably is composed of two or more low mobility xanthommatins, No colored or fluorescent pteridines are evident, Mosquitoes homozygous for an autosomal recessive mutation at the red-eye (r) locus have a brick-red eye color in larvae, pupae, and young adults, in contrast to the almost black color of the wild eye, Mosquitoes homozygous for this mutant allele have levels of ommochrome precursors that are indistinguishable from the wild-type, but the low-mobility xanthommatin spot is ochre-brown in color rather than red-brown as in the wild-type, Mosquitoes with two different mutant alleles at the X-linked pink-eye locus (p, which confers a pink eye color, and p(w) which confers a white eye phenotype in homozygotes or hemizygous males) have normal levels of ommochrome precursors but no detectable xanthommatins. Mosquitoes homozygous for both the r and p mutant alleles have apricot-colored eyes and show no detectable xanthommatins. Both the pink-eye and red-eye mutations appear to involve defects in the transport into or assembly of pigments in the membrane-bound pigment granules rather then defects in ommochrome synthesis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA. SPELMAN COLL,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 86 IS 5 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA RW533 UT WOS:A1995RW53300008 PM 7560874 ER PT J AU SIMONSEN, L DALTON, MJ BREIMAN, RF HENNESSY, T UMLAND, ET SEWELL, CM ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ AF SIMONSEN, L DALTON, MJ BREIMAN, RF HENNESSY, T UMLAND, ET SEWELL, CM ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ TI EVALUATION OF THE MAGNITUDE OF THE 1993 HANTAVIRUS OUTBREAK IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In May 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States was caused by the previously unrecognized Sin Nombre virus (SNV). Most HPS patients had an influenza-like prodrome, followed by rapid onset of pulmonary edema (fatality rate, 52%). To define the magnitude of the outbreak, patients with milder illnesses who sought medical care in the outbreak area during the outbreak period were assessed for infection with SNV. Of 299 study subjects, 43 had illnesses similar to the HPS prodrome. One laboratory finding, thrombocytopenia, was highly discriminatory between non-HPS patients (1%) and confirmed HPS patients (71%; P < .001) during the prodrome phase. No study subject had serologic evidence (IgM antibodies) of recent SNV infection. Five had IgG titers consistent with a previous hantavirus infection; 3 of these 5 were among the 43 patients who had illnesses similar to the HPS prodrome (P < .05). These data provide evidence that mild illness is rarely caused by SNV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIAN HLTH SERV,CROWNPOINT,NM. NEW MEXICO STATE LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 172 IS 3 BP 729 EP 733 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RR073 UT WOS:A1995RR07300015 PM 7658065 ER PT J AU PERTOWSKI, CA BARON, RC LASKER, BA WERNER, SB JARVIS, WR AF PERTOWSKI, CA BARON, RC LASKER, BA WERNER, SB JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK OF CANDIDA-ALBICANS STERNAL WOUND INFECTIONS FOLLOWING CARDIAC-SURGERY TRACED TO A SCRUB NURSE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ARTERY BYPASS-SURGERY; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; IDENTIFICATION; PROBE AB From August 1988 through October 1989, 15 patients at 1 hospital developed Candida albicans sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery, An investigation found that case-patients were more likely than cardiac surgery patients without sternal wound infections to have surgeries lasting >165 min (11/15 vs, 20/45; odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-16.3) or exposure to first scrub nurse A (15/15 vs. 22/45; OR, infinity; 95% CI, 2.5, infinity), Molecular typing of 5 case-patient C. albicans isolates revealed a common strain, Nurse A had a history of recurrent vaginal infections responding to topical antifungal agents; however, cultures of multiple samples from nurse A, beginning 3 weeks after the last infected patient's surgery, failed to yield C. albicans. Following her voluntary transfer from cardiac surgery, no additional infections of case-patients were detected, This study demonstrates the utility of combining epidemiologic methods and molecular typing in investigating C. albicans infection clusters and suggests that a common exogenous source can be responsible for C. albicans surgical wound infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PERTOWSKI, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 172 IS 3 BP 817 EP 822 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RR073 UT WOS:A1995RR07300027 PM 7658076 ER PT J AU IRWIN, K ELLERBROCK, T AF IRWIN, K ELLERBROCK, T TI DOES PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE INCREASE THE RISK FOR ACQUISITION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION RP IRWIN, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 172 IS 3 BP 898 EP 899 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RR073 UT WOS:A1995RR07300046 PM 7658094 ER PT J AU SEKHON, AS KAUFMAN, L MOLEDINA, N SUMMERBELL, RC PADHYE, AA AMBROSIE, EA PANTER, T AF SEKHON, AS KAUFMAN, L MOLEDINA, N SUMMERBELL, RC PADHYE, AA AMBROSIE, EA PANTER, T TI AN EXOANTIGEN TEST FOR THE RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICALLY SIGNIFICANT FUSARIUM SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The accurate identification of Fusarium species can take 2-3 weeks. Preliminary exoantigen studies indicate that a mature culture suspected of being a Fusarium species may be immunologically identified 48 h after receipt. Exoantigen extracts of 10-day-old slant cultures of Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium moniliforme (= Fusarium verticilloides), Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferation and Fusarium solani and partially purified reference homologous and heterologous shake culture extracts (6-week-old) were reacted against rabbit ant-F. chlamydosporum, F.moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. solani sera, in a micro-immunodiffusion procedure. The results indicated that all the strains belonging to a given species produced 1-3 bands of identity only when tested against its homologous antiserum and reference antigen. No cross-reactions were observed with the heterologous antisera. Furthermore, extracts from isolate of Fusarium dimerum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium roseum complex, Acremonium species, Cylindrocarpon, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Trichoderma species did not react with any of the prepared Fusarium species' antisera. Our data suggest that the exoantigen procedure is a rapid and reliable tool for the accurate immuno-identification of the medically Fusarium species studied. C1 UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,EDMONTON,AB,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEP HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ONTARIO MINIST HLTH,TORONTO,ON M5W 1R5,CANADA. RP SEKHON, AS (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA HOSP,WC MACKENZIE HLTH SCI CTR,NATL CTR HUMAN MYCOT DIS,PROVINCIAL LAB PUBL HLTH,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2J2,CANADA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0268-1218 J9 J MED VET MYCOL JI J. Med. Vet. Mycol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 33 IS 5 BP 287 EP 289 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA RZ077 UT WOS:A1995RZ07700002 PM 8544080 ER PT J AU GOOCH, BF CARDO, DM MARCUS, R MCKIBBEN, PS CLEVELAND, JL SRIVASTAVA, PU CULVER, DH BELL, DM AF GOOCH, BF CARDO, DM MARCUS, R MCKIBBEN, PS CLEVELAND, JL SRIVASTAVA, PU CULVER, DH BELL, DM TI PERCUTANEOUS EXPOSURES TO HIV-INFECTED BLOOD - AMONG DENTAL-WORKERS IN THE CDC NEEDLESTICK STUDY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; RISK; PROFESSIONALS; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; PERSONNEL; INJURIES; DENTISTS AB The authors found that 19 percutaneous exposures among dental workers occurred both during and after use of instruments such as syringe needles and scalers. Specific information about the device and action associated with an exposure is important for prevention efforts, including safer instruments and work practices. Most of these exposures probably involved smaller, rather than larger, amounts of blood infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. To our knowledge, none of the exposures resulted in HIV transmission to an enrolled dental worker. RP GOOCH, BF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 126 IS 9 BP 1237 EP 1242 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA RU398 UT WOS:A1995RU39800007 PM 7560583 ER PT J AU CLARK, GG AF CLARK, GG TI MOSQUITO VECTOR CONTROL AND BIOLOGY IN LATIN-AMERICA - A 5TH SYMPOSIUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material AB The fifth Spanish language symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 61st Annual Meeting in Portland, OR, in March 1995. The principal objective, as for the previous 4 symposia, was to increase and stimulate greater participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 20 presentations that were given in Spanish by participants from 6 countries in Latin America and the USA. The symposium included the following topics: ecological and genetic studies of anopheline vectors of malaria, laboratory and field evaluation of chemical and biological control agents for several mosquito species, and community control of Aedes aegypti. RP CLARK, GG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DENGUE BRANCH,2 CALLE CASIA,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 343 EP & PG 0 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RW376 UT WOS:A1995RW37600010 ER PT J AU PUTNAM, JL CLARK, GG SCOTT, TW AF PUTNAM, JL CLARK, GG SCOTT, TW TI FAILURE OF IMMUNE SERA TO NEUTRALIZE DENGUE-2 VIRUS IN INTRATHORACICALLY INOCULATED AEDES-AEGYPTI SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS AB Aedes aegypti became infected when inoculated with a mixture of dengue-2 virus and anti-dengue-2 antibodies, but not when they were exposed to the same mixture per os. This phenomenon merits more detailed investigation. Understanding why this difference in mosquito infection rate occurs may lead to improved dengue virus assays or provide insights into the nature of dengue virus-antibody interactions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921. RP PUTNAM, JL (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26787, AI-22119] NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 11 IS 3 BP 372 EP 374 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA RW376 UT WOS:A1995RW37600018 PM 8551312 ER PT J AU JONES, CA MCQUILLAN, G AGODOA, L KUSEK, J EBERHARDT, M HERMAN, W CORESH, J SALIVE, M JONES, CP AF JONES, CA MCQUILLAN, G AGODOA, L KUSEK, J EBERHARDT, M HERMAN, W CORESH, J SALIVE, M JONES, CP TI SERUM CREATININE LEVELS IN THE UNITED-STATES - PHASE-I OF THE 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES-3) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCHS,HYATTSVILLE,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. HARVARD UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 6 IS 3 SI SI BP 392 EP 392 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA RX686 UT WOS:A1995RX68600359 ER PT J AU CHANG, GJJ CROPP, BC KINNEY, RM TRENT, DW GUBLER, DJ AF CHANG, GJJ CROPP, BC KINNEY, RM TRENT, DW GUBLER, DJ TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE VARIATION OF THE ENVELOPE PROTEIN GENE IDENTIFIES 2 DISTINCT GENOTYPES OF YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; VACCINE STRAIN; WILD-TYPE; GENOME; RNA AB The evolution of yellow fever virus over 67 years was investigated by comparing the nucleotide sequences of the envelope (E) protein genes of 20 viruses isolated in Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. Uniformly weighted parsimony algorithm analysis defined two major evolutionary yellow fever virus lineages designated E genotypes I and II. E genotype I contained viruses isolated from East and Central Africa. E genotype II viruses were divided into two sublineages: IIA viruses from West Africa and IIB viruses from America, except for a 1979 virus isolated from Trinidad (TRINID79A). Unique signature patterns were identified at 111 nucleotide and 12 amino acid positions within the yellow fever virus E gene by signature pattern analysis. Yellow fever viruses from East and Central Africa contained unique signatures at 60 nucleotide and five amino acid positions, those from West Africa contained unique signatures at 25 nucleotide and two amino acid positions, and viruses from America contained such signatures at 30 nucleotide and five amino acid positions in the E gene. The dissemination of yellow fever viruses from Africa to the Americas is supported by the close genetic relatedness of genotype IIA and LLB viruses and genetic evidence of a possible second introduction of yellow fever virus from West Africa, as illustrated by the TRINID79A virus isolate. The E protein genes of American IIB yellow fever viruses had higher frequencies of amino acid substitutions than did genes of yellow fever viruses of genotypes I and IIA on the basis of comparisons with a consensus amino acid sequence for the yellow fever E gene. The great variation in the E proteins of American yellow fever virus probably results from positive selection imposed by virus interaction with different species of mosquitoes or nonhuman primates in the Americas. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIRAL PROD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP CHANG, GJJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 38 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 69 IS 9 BP 5773 EP 5780 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RN986 UT WOS:A1995RN98600067 PM 7637022 ER PT J AU ROWE, T DEZZUTTI, C GUENTHNER, PC LAM, L HODGE, T LAIRMORE, MD LAL, RB FOLKS, TM AF ROWE, T DEZZUTTI, C GUENTHNER, PC LAM, L HODGE, T LAIRMORE, MD LAL, RB FOLKS, TM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A HTLV-I-INFECTED CELL-LINE DERIVED FROM A PATIENT WITH ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA WITH STABLE COEXPRESSION OF CD4 AND CD8 SO LEUKEMIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ATL; CELL LINE; DUAL CD+ CD8(+) POSITIVE ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SURFACE EXPRESSION; VIRUS; RECEPTOR; PHENOTYPES; LYMPHOCYTES; INDUCTION; LYMPHOMA; CLONES AB A long-term T-cell line, termed SP+, was developed from a human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected patient with adult T-cell leukemia that is dependent on exogenous IL-2 for growth. The SP+ expresses a full complimentation of HTLV-I-specific viral proteins, and contains replication competent viral particles. Restriction enzyme digestion followed by Southern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of a single integrated proviral copy and limiting dilution analysis confirmed the clonality of the cell line. Interestingly, phenotypically, the SP+ cell line is CD2(+), CD3(+) and coexpresses CD4 and CD8, yet lacks TCR alpha beta and TCR tau delta expression. Further ontogenetic characterization of the SP+ cell line demonstrated the lack of thymic T-cell precursor markers, including absence of cell surface expression of CD1, intracellular thymic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme, as well as message expression for V(D)J recombinase activating gene-1 (RAG-1). Furthermore, the SP+ cell did express the message for the CD3 delta chain. Taken together, these data suggest that the SP+ cell line resulted from HTLV-I infection of a mature CD4(+)/CDB+ lymphocyte. This cell line can be potentially useful as a model, both for regulation of cellular functions by HTLV-I and for immunologic functions of mature dual CD4/CD8 positive T-cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR RETROVIRUS RES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET BIOSCI,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-55185] NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0145-2126 J9 LEUKEMIA RES JI Leuk. Res. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 19 IS 9 BP 621 EP 628 DI 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00030-R PG 8 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA RZ251 UT WOS:A1995RZ25100006 PM 7564472 ER PT J AU Kruse, H Sorum, H Tenover, FC Olsvik, O AF Kruse, H Sorum, H Tenover, FC Olsvik, O TI A transferable multiple drug resistance plasmid from Vibrio cholerae O1 SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE GENE; TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE; TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-LACTAMASE; DNA PROBES; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIA; SEQUENCE AB Ten multiple antimicrobial-resistant isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from patients in Uganda were characterized, and the transferability of resistance to bacteria of diverse origins was investigated. The isolates were toxigenic and belonged to biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, and ribotype 8, and possessed a 130-MDa plasmid of incompatibility group 6-C. This plasmid, designated pRVC1, was shown to confer resistance to trimethoprim (mediated by a dhfrI gene), sulfonamides (a sulI gene), tetracycline [a tet(C) gene], chloramphenicol (a catI gene), ampicillin (a beta-lactamase gene other than bla(TEM) or bla(SHV)), and streptomycin. pRVC1 proved to be transmissible at frequencies between 1 x 10(-1) and 5 x 10(-6) transconjugants per recipient to a variety of bacterial pathogens, including those of humans, animals, and fish. Most efficient transfer was observed from V. cholerae to strains of Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and three Aeromonas species. The present in vitro study suggests that pRVC1 may spread from V. cholerae to other bacteria pathogenic to man, animals, and fish in natural environments. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV TROMSO, DEPT MED BIOL, N-9037 TROMSO, NORWAY. RP Kruse, H (reprint author), NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED, DEPT PHARMACOL MICROBIOL & FOOD HYG, POB 8146 DEP, N-0033 OSLO, NORWAY. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-6294 EI 1931-8448 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist. PD FAL PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1089/mdr.1995.1.203 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA TU495 UT WOS:A1995TU49500003 PM 9158776 ER PT J AU LOOKER, AC GUNTER, EW JOHNSON, CL AF LOOKER, AC GUNTER, EW JOHNSON, CL TI METHODS TO ASSESS IRON STATUS IN VARIOUS NHANES SURVEYS SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM FERRITIN; UNITED-STATES; LABORATORY COMPONENT; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB This paper summarizes iron status measurements included in the three cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) completed to date, as well as a special study of Hispanics, known as the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Approaches for defining iron status in the population based on these measurements are also described as well as issues in comparing iron status data between surveys, using NHANES II and III data as an example. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP LOOKER, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 53 IS 9 BP 246 EP 254 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA TC908 UT WOS:A1995TC90800002 PM 8577407 ER PT J AU ELLERBROCK, TV HARRINGTON, PE BUSH, TJ SCHOENFISCH, SA OXTOBY, MJ WITTE, JJ AF ELLERBROCK, TV HARRINGTON, PE BUSH, TJ SCHOENFISCH, SA OXTOBY, MJ WITTE, JJ TI RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT CRACK COCAINE USERS IN A RURAL-COMMUNITY SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; FLORIDA; HIV; SYPHILIS; WOMEN AB Objective: To investigate why women who use crack cocaine are at increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: One thousand one hundred fifty-two (99.7%) of 1155 consecutive prenatal patients attending a rural public health clinic were interviewed about drug use and sexual practices and tested for HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Results: Fifty-one (4.7%) of 1096 pregnant women reported ever using crack cocaine, but only five (10%) of the crack cocaine users had ever injected drugs. Eighteen (35%) of the crack users were HIV infected compared with 22 (2%) of the 1045 women who reported never using crack (odds ratio 25, 95% confidence interval 12-52; P < .001). Crack users were more likely to have had a known HIV-infected sex partner, exchanged sex for money or drugs, and tested positive for syphilis than were non-crack users (for each comparison, P (.001). Before using crack, 18% of crack users had exchanged sex for money or drugs and 8% had averaged three or more sex partners per month; in contrast, after beginning to use crack, 76% of crack users exchanged sex for money or drugs and 63% averaged three or more sex partners per month (for both comparisons, P < .001). Crack users who were not HIV infected were more likely to have almost always used condoms and/or had fewer than three sex partners per month than were HIV-infected crack users (P < .01). Conclusion: Women who reported using crack cocaine were at an increased risk of HIV infection because crack use was associated with a significant increase in unprotected sexual contact. C1 FLORIDA STATE DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,HIV STD TB PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP ELLERBROCK, TV (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU406791] NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 86 IS 3 BP 400 EP 404 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00182-Q PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA RQ637 UT WOS:A1995RQ63700017 PM 7651651 ER PT J AU VINICOR, F AF VINICOR, F TI INTERDISCIPLINARY AND INTERSECTORAL APPROACH - A CHALLENGE FOR INTEGRATED CARE SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Patient Education 2000 Congress CY JUN 01-04, 1994 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND DE INTEGRATED CARE; MODELS OF HEALTH DISEASE ID HEALTH; COALITIONS AB Integrated care for health disorders, particularly chronic diseases, is a long-term and complex challenge, particularly because of the involvement of many individuals with different beliefs, attitudes, assumptions and reward structures. Two basic conceptual models of disease - the biomedical and psychosocial - underlie many of these differences. The biomedical model views humans as the sum of multiple individual 'subsystems,' and disease represents dysfunction of one or more of these subsystems. This model is 'reductionist' and 'individualistic' in nature in that if 'THE' defective subsystem can be identified, studied and improved, it is assumed that health would return. The biomedical model focuses primarily on the individual with ill-health and has added greatly to our basic understanding of disease processes. The psychosocial model is 'interactive' and dynamic, and sees the 'whole' as more than the sum of its parts. This model values elements outside of the individual, e.g. work and home environment, as important in maintaining or establishing health. Because of fundamental differences between these 2 models of health and disease, conflicts, e.g, efficacy vs. exposure; role of individual vs. environment; etc., may exist among varying professionals regarding the nature, purpose, targets, structure, and consequences of integrated care programs. These fundamental conflicts, if unrecognized and ignored, can significantly attenuate the benefits of well-intentioned prevention and treatment integrated care programs. RP VINICOR, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0738-3991 J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS JI Patient Educ. Couns. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 26 IS 1-3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/0738-3991(94)00744-7 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA RW195 UT WOS:A1995RW19500041 PM 7494736 ER PT J AU DUCHIN, JS BREIMAN, RF DIAMOND, A LIPMAN, HB BLOCK, SL HEDRICK, JA FINGER, R ELLIOTT, JA AF DUCHIN, JS BREIMAN, RF DIAMOND, A LIPMAN, HB BLOCK, SL HEDRICK, JA FINGER, R ELLIOTT, JA TI HIGH PREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AMONG CHILDREN IN A RURAL KENTUCKY COMMUNITY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; DRUG RESISTANCE ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MENINGITIS; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS; CARRIAGE; INFANTS AB In 1992 drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured with increasing frequency from aspirates of middle ear fluid from children with acute otitis media in a rural Kentucky community. To determine the prevalence of carriage of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae in the community, we obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 158 (70%) of 227 children attending a child daycare center and from 82 children attending the county health center. S. pneumoniae was isolated from 126 children. Among 123 isolates tested 65 (53%) were penicillin-resistant, including 41 (33%) strains that were highly resistant; 61 (50%) were multidrug-resistant. Serotypes 19F, 6B, 23F and 6A comprised 89% of the penicillin-resistant isolates. Detection of a variety of serotypes and drug resistance patterns among nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae suggests that multidrug-resistant pneumococcal strains are endemic in this community. Surveillance for drug-resistant pneumococci with the use of respiratory secretions obtained by nasopharyngeal swab may provide useful information on the prevalence of drug-resistant strains causing invasive disease and otitis media. Such information could be used to guide empiric therapy of pneumococcal infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENTUCKY PEDIAT RES,BARDSTOWN,KY. KENTUCKY DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,FRANKFORT,KY. NR 45 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 9 BP 745 EP 750 DI 10.1097/00006454-199509000-00004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RU932 UT WOS:A1995RU93200003 PM 8559622 ER PT J AU LINDQUIST, SW WEBER, DJ MANGUM, ME HOLLIS, DG JORDAN, J AF LINDQUIST, SW WEBER, DJ MANGUM, ME HOLLIS, DG JORDAN, J TI BORDETELLA HOLMESII SEPSIS IN AN ASPLENIC ADOLESCENT SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE BORDETELLA HOLMESII; BACTEREMIA; ASPLENIA ID BITE WOUNDS; INFECTIONS C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV N CAROLINA HOSP,CLIN MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL LABS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 9 BP 813 EP 815 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RU932 UT WOS:A1995RU93200019 PM 8559638 ER PT J AU LEVINE, OS SCHWARTZ, B AF LEVINE, OS SCHWARTZ, B TI MONITORING TRENDS IN ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER; UNITED STATES ID HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS RP LEVINE, OS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 9 BP 823 EP 824 DI 10.1097/00006454-199509000-00027 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RU932 UT WOS:A1995RU93200026 PM 8559645 ER PT J AU ABRAMS, EJ MATHESON, PB THOMAS, PA THEA, DM KRASINSKI, K LAMBERT, G SHAFFER, N BAMJI, M HUTSON, D GRIMM, K KAUL, A BATEMAN, D ROGERS, M BEATRICE, S CHIASSON, MA DEBERNARDO, E LAWRENCE, K MCVEIGH, K ODONNELL, R OLESZKO, W PUNSALANG, A ALFORD, T BETRE, A CAPPELLI, M COURTLAND, R FOYESOUSOU, V GONZALEZ, C HUTCHISON, S JESSOP, DJ LOPEZ, D MACIAS, L NG, D PACKER, J PLINER, V RIOS, J ROSENBLUTH, L SAVORY, R TADROS, H WEEDON, J YOUNG, S ZHANG, ZR ALLEN, M BORKOWSKY, W HOOVER, W POLLACK, H BELMORE, A BRIGGS, N CARRASQUILLIO, N CHAMPION, S FREEDLAND, C FLOYD, J HEAGARTY, M HANSEN, C KOFINAS, M MORRIS, T MONESTIME, A MOREAU, H NICHOLAS, S PRINCE, P SUAREZ, M CHOW, J NACHMAN, S SHAH, K AHMED, S AGUSTIN, E CRUZ, N HENRIQUEZ, R JACKSON, L LOSUB, S SACHARZKY, E BROTMAN, R BLANCH, S BRUTUS, J DAY, C RHINEHART, W SIMON, R TURKELL, V DAVILA, S DOBROSYCKI, J GRANT, D HAND, I HARRIS, A JOHNSTON, B NIEVES, M SOLOMAN, L WIZNIA, A BARTLEY, S GEORGE, R HEMMERLEIN, D KALISH, M KILBOURNE, B OU, CY PETZELT, J RAPIER, J SCHABLE, C SMITH, L STRAUS, W AF ABRAMS, EJ MATHESON, PB THOMAS, PA THEA, DM KRASINSKI, K LAMBERT, G SHAFFER, N BAMJI, M HUTSON, D GRIMM, K KAUL, A BATEMAN, D ROGERS, M BEATRICE, S CHIASSON, MA DEBERNARDO, E LAWRENCE, K MCVEIGH, K ODONNELL, R OLESZKO, W PUNSALANG, A ALFORD, T BETRE, A CAPPELLI, M COURTLAND, R FOYESOUSOU, V GONZALEZ, C HUTCHISON, S JESSOP, DJ LOPEZ, D MACIAS, L NG, D PACKER, J PLINER, V RIOS, J ROSENBLUTH, L SAVORY, R TADROS, H WEEDON, J YOUNG, S ZHANG, ZR ALLEN, M BORKOWSKY, W HOOVER, W POLLACK, H BELMORE, A BRIGGS, N CARRASQUILLIO, N CHAMPION, S FREEDLAND, C FLOYD, J HEAGARTY, M HANSEN, C KOFINAS, M MORRIS, T MONESTIME, A MOREAU, H NICHOLAS, S PRINCE, P SUAREZ, M CHOW, J NACHMAN, S SHAH, K AHMED, S AGUSTIN, E CRUZ, N HENRIQUEZ, R JACKSON, L LOSUB, S SACHARZKY, E BROTMAN, R BLANCH, S BRUTUS, J DAY, C RHINEHART, W SIMON, R TURKELL, V DAVILA, S DOBROSYCKI, J GRANT, D HAND, I HARRIS, A JOHNSTON, B NIEVES, M SOLOMAN, L WIZNIA, A BARTLEY, S GEORGE, R HEMMERLEIN, D KALISH, M KILBOURNE, B OU, CY PETZELT, J RAPIER, J SCHABLE, C SMITH, L STRAUS, W TI NEONATAL PREDICTORS OF INFECTION STATUS AND EARLY DEATH AMONG 332 INFANTS AT RISK OF HIV-1 INFECTION MONITORED PROSPECTIVELY FROM BIRTH SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COCAINE USE; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; GROWTH; MORTALITY; MARIJUANA; SURVIVAL; INUTERO AB Background and Methods. Differences in newborn outcome measures for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected and HIV-l-exposed but uninfected infants have been found in several studies, but not in others. Eighty-four infected and 248 uninfected children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers followed prospectively in a multicenter, perinatal HTV-1 transmission cohort study were compared for differences in maternal demographics, health status, and newborn outcome measures, including delivery complications, physical examination findings, neonatal complications, and laboratory results. Results. Mothers of HIV-l-infected infants were more likely than those of uninfected infants to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosed through 2 weeks postpartum (21% vs 11%, P=.04); the transmission rate for the 38 women with AIDS was 37% compared with 22% for the 245 women without AIDS. Two of 27 (7%) women receiving zidovudine during pregnancy had infected infants compared with 73 (27%) of 275 women who did not receive zidovudine (P=.033). Mean gestational age was significantly lower among HIV-l-infected (37 weeks) than among uninfected infants (38 weeks; P<.001). Infected infants had significantly higher rates of prematurity (gestational age less than 37 weeks) (33% vs 19%, P=.01) and extreme prematurity (gestational age less than 34 weeks) (18% vs 6%, P=.001) than uninfected infants. Infection was associated with lower birth weight (2533 g vs 2862 g, P<.001) and smaller head circumference (32.0 cm vs 33.1 cm, P=.001). HIV-l-infected infants were significantly more likely to be small for gestational age (26% vs 16%, P=.04) and low birth weight (less than 2500 g) (45% vs 29%, P=.006) than infants who were uninfected. Twenty-two (26%) HIV-1-infected children died during a median follow-up of 27.6 months (range 1.9 to 98.3 months). Prematurity was predictive of survival: by Kaplan-Meier, an estimated 55% (95% confidence interval, 31% to 72%) of preterm infected children survived to 24 months compared with 84% (95% confidence interval, 70% to 92%) of full-term infected children (P=.005). Conclusion. Infants born to women with AIDS are at higher risk for HIV-1 infection than are infants born to HIV-1-infected women with AIDS not yet diagnosed. Women receiving zidovudine appear less likely to transmit HIV-1 to their infants. Significantly higher rates of prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation were found among HIV-1-infected infants than among those in the uninfected, HIV-1-exposed control group. Prematurity was associated with shortened survival in HIV-1-infected infants. Measures of intrauterine growth and gestation appear to be important predictors of HIV-1 infection status for seropositive infants and of prognosis for the infected infant. C1 HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. MED & HLTH RES ASSOC INC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NYU,BELLEVUE MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. METROPOLITAN HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. CTR COMPREHENS HLTH PRACTICE,NEW YORK,NY. MT SINAI HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10029. LINCOLN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY. FU PHS HHS [64 CCU 200937] NR 56 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1995 VL 96 IS 3 BP 451 EP 458 PN 1 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RT954 UT WOS:A1995RT95400008 PM 7651777 ER PT J AU DUNN, RA HALL, WN ALTAMIRANO, JV DIETRICH, SE ROBINSONDUNN, B JOHNSON, DR AF DUNN, RA HALL, WN ALTAMIRANO, JV DIETRICH, SE ROBINSONDUNN, B JOHNSON, DR TI OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI LINKED TO SALAD PREPARED AT A CENTRAL COMMISSARY IN MICHIGAN SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID COMMON-SOURCE AB IN AUGUST 1992, the Michigan Department of Public Health was notified of a cluster of persons with Shigella flexneri infections, all of whom had eaten at different outlets of a single restaurant chain. The chain prepared many foods at a central kitchen. A matched case-control study to determine risk factors for illness among patrons of the restaurant chain was undertaken. An inspection of the commissary and a review of commissary inspection and employee records were conducted. Of the 46 patients identified, 44 had eaten tossed salad versus 33 of the 71 controls (matched odds ratio = 56.9; 95 percent confidence interval 5.0, 648.1). Improper salad preparation techniques were used, and the salad preparation area had not been inspected in several years. Some salad preparers had been ill shortly before the outbreak but continued to work. The greater use of central kitchens could lead to larger outbreaks of illness related to improper food handling. Raw vegetables are a potential vehicle for transmission of shigellosis. Coordination of all agencies responsible for inspecting commissaries should be assured. Assuring restriction of ill food handlers will require management to take an active role in identification of ill employees and in the development of incentives to report illness. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIS SURVEILLANCE SECT,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,MOLEC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,MICROBIOL SECT,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,LANSING,MI 48909. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DUNN, RA (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,IMMUNIZAT SECT,3500 N MARTIN LUTHER KING JR BLVD,POB 30035,LANSING,MI 48909, USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 110 IS 5 BP 580 EP 586 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA TC729 UT WOS:A1995TC72900014 PM 7480612 ER PT J AU CRITCHLEY, SE CASTRO, KG AF CRITCHLEY, SE CASTRO, KG TI MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HIV SO SEMINARS IN DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article RP CRITCHLEY, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HIV INFECT BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP E-68,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0278-145X J9 SEMIN DERMATOL JI Semin. Dermatol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 14 IS 3 BP 235 EP 239 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA RT061 UT WOS:A1995RT06100008 PM 7488540 ER PT J AU HADDIX, AC HILLIS, SD KASSLER, WJ AF HADDIX, AC HILLIS, SD KASSLER, WJ TI THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF AZITHROMYCIN FOR CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS IN WOMEN SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; MODEL; CARE AB Background and Objectives: Azithromycin, an approved single-dose therapy for cervical chlamydia infections, costs four times as much as doxycycline, the standard multidose therapy. Goal of this Study: This study examined whether azithromycin is cost effective for treating cervical chlamydia infections. Study Design: Two diagnostic strategies were compared: 1) laboratory confirmation of chlamydia, and 2) presumptive diagnosis: from the perspective of the healthcare system and the publicly funded clinic. Results: From the healthcare perspective, the cost per case of pelvic inflammatory disease prevented with azithromycin ranges from a savings of $3,502 for laboratory confirmation to a cost of $792 for presumptive diagnosis. From the publicly funded clinic perspective, the cost per case of pelvic inflammatory disease prevented ranges from $709 for lab-confirmed diagnosis to $3,969 for presumptive treatment. Conclusion: For the healthcare system, azithromycin is a cost-effective alternative to doxycycline. However, the cost of azithromycin must decrease markedly for it to be less costly to the publicly funded clinic. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 29 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP-OCT PY 1995 VL 22 IS 5 BP 274 EP 280 DI 10.1097/00007435-199509000-00002 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA RV353 UT WOS:A1995RV35300002 PM 7502180 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STROKE IN HISPANIC AMERICANS SO STROKE LA English DT Review DE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPERTENSION; LIPOPROTEINS ID NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; HHANES 1982-84; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; BLACKS; HYPERTENSION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; SMOKING AB Background and Purpose In 1990 cerebrovascular disease was the fourth leading cause of death in Hispanics in the United States. However, little information has been published about the epidemiology of stroke in US Hispanic populations. Methods Data from the National Center for Health Statistics were examined to characterize the pattern of stroke occurrence and risk factors among Hispanics in the United States. Results In 1989 through 1991, stroke death rates were similar in Hispanics and whites aged 45 to 64 years; at ages 65 and over, Hispanics had rates that were substantially lower than those of whites. Data from national surveys suggest that the ethnic differences in stroke mortality may be due in part to lower blood pressure in Hispanics than non-Hispanics. Conclusions Cohort studies, well-designed case-control studies, and continued oversampling of Hispanics in national surveys are needed to further define the epidemiological patterns of stroke in US Hispanics and to guide stroke prevention efforts. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 1995 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1707 EP 1712 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RR826 UT WOS:A1995RR82600044 PM 7660419 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY AND CEREBRAL ARTERIOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY; CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY; CLINICAL TRIALS; WOMEN ID CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; SURGERY; BLACKS AB Background and Purpose Results of North American and European trials of carotid endarterectomy published in 1991 may have affected the frequency of the procedure in the United States. Therefore, data from a national survey of hospital discharges were examined to determine whether rates of carotid endarterectomy and arteriography increased after 1991 and whether race and sex variations in rates have persisted. Methods Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey were examined for the years 1980 through 1993. Estimated numbers of procedures performed in nonfederal US hospitals were used to compute rates per 100 000 population by year, age, race, and sex. Results In persons aged 65 years and over, the rate of carotid endarterectomy increased rapidly between 1980 and 1983 with a slight further increase through 1985. A marked fall in the rate occurred between 1985 and 1988, followed by a plateau and a sharp upturn in 1992. After 1985, there was a steady decline in the rate of cerebral arteriography procedures in hospital. No reliable data were available on outpatient cerebral arteriography. Throughout the period, whites had estimated rates of carotid endarterectomy procedures over four times higher than blacks. Whites also had higher rates of cerebral arteriography, but the disparity was not as great as for endarterectomy. Rates of carotid endarterectomy were 60% higher in men than women, but rates of cerebral arteriography were only 9% higher in men than women. Conclusions Rates of carotid endarterectomy increased sharply after the 1991 publication of trial results. Marked racial disparities in the use of this procedure persist and require further evaluation. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD SEP PY 1995 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1724 EP 1728 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RR826 UT WOS:A1995RR82600046 PM 7660421 ER PT J AU MULLER, HE FANNING, GH BRENNER, DJ AF MULLER, HE FANNING, GH BRENNER, DJ TI ISOLATION OF SERRATIA-FONTICOLA FROM MOLLUSKS SO SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SERRATIA FONTICOLA; PHENOTYPIC IDENTIFICATION; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; TAXONOMY; MOLLUSKS; ECOLOGIC NICHE ID SPECIMENS AB Eleven of some 2400 strains of gram-negative rods isolated from mollusks were identified as Serratia fonticola both biochemically and by DNA hybridization. The phenotypic and genotypic data confirm that S. fonticola belongs to the genus Serratia. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MULLER, HE (reprint author), STAATLICHES MED UNTERSUCHUNGSAMT,ALTER RAUTHEIMER WEG 16,D-38126 BRAUNSCHWEIG,GERMANY. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49 POSTFACH 72 01 43, D-70577 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0723-2020 J9 SYST APPL MICROBIOL JI Syst. Appl. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 18 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RV995 UT WOS:A1995RV99500014 ER PT J AU WILSON, JD CIBULAS, W MURRAY, E AF WILSON, JD CIBULAS, W MURRAY, E TI DECISION-SUPPORT METHODOLOGIES FOR HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC-SUBSTANCES - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1993 DECISION-SUPPORT METHODOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, AGENCY-FOR-TOXIC-SUBSTANCES-AND-DISEASE-REGISTRY, ATLANTA, GA, USA, 18-20, OCTOBER 1993 - INTRODUCTION SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material RP WILSON, JD (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,4 EXECUT PK DR NE,BLDG 4,SUITE 2400,MAILSTOP E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)90225-2 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600002 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI WELCOME ADDRESS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)90226-0 PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600003 ER PT J AU DEROSA, CT AF DEROSA, CT TI CHARGE TO WORKSHOP SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material RP DEROSA, CT (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)90227-9 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600004 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI ATSDRS INFORMATION DATABASES TO SUPPORT HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decision Support Methodologies for Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances CY OCT 18-20, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, EPA, Halogenated Solvents Ind Alliance, NCI, NIEHS, NLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Armstrong Lab DE PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENTS; HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES; INFORMATION DATABASES; ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS; PHYSICIAN EDUCATION; CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES; SUPERFUND AB The American public, like persons in many other nations, is concerned about the potential adverse impacts of uncontrolled hazardous wastes. The concerns are often predicated on the fear that adverse health effects will occur because of releases of hazardous substances into community environments. To respond to these concerns, government agencies and private sector organizations must rely on credible, accessible, up-to-date information databases. These databases should be relevant to the needs of the people who respond to uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. Of particular importance are databases that profile the toxicity of hazardous substances and other information useful to physicians and other health care providers. This paper describes how the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has developed several toxicologic and human health information databases under mandates in the Superfund statute for responding to the public's concerns about hazardous substances. RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-28,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 16 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03351-K PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600005 PM 7570647 ER PT J AU DURKIN, P HERTZBERG, R STITELER, W MUMTAZ, M AF DURKIN, P HERTZBERG, R STITELER, W MUMTAZ, M TI THE IDENTIFICATION AND TESTING OF INTERACTION PATTERNS SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decision Support Methodologies for Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances CY OCT 18-20, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, EPA, Halogenated Solvents Ind Alliance, NCI, NIEHS, NLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Armstrong Lab DE TOXICOLOGIC INTERACTIONS; ANTAGONISM; SYNERGISM; MONTE CARLO ANALYSIS AB This paper presents a method for identifying and assessing the significance of interaction patterns among various chemicals and chemical classes of importance to regulatory toxicologists. To this end, efforts were made to assemble and evaluate experimental data on toxicologically significant interactions, to use this information to characterize the consistency of toxicological interactions, and to define classes of compounds that display similar toxicological interactions, The motivation for this effort is to be able to propose hypotheses, which can be validated by experimentation, on how 2 or more chemicals will interact. C1 US EPA,ENVIRONM CRITERIA & ASSESSMENT OFF,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. SYRACUSE RES CORP,DIV CHEM HAZARD ASSESSMENT,SYRACUSE,NY 13210. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DURKIN, P (reprint author), SYRACUSE ENVIRONM RES ASSOCIATES INC,201 W GENESSE ST,SUITE 154,FAYETTEVILLE,NY 13066, USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03376-V PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600030 PM 7570663 ER PT J AU DEROSA, CT AF DEROSA, CT TI DECISION-SUPPORT METHODOLOGIES FOR HUMAN HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC-SUBSTANCES - AGENCY-FOR-TOXIC-SUBSTANCES-AND-DISEASE-REGISTRY PERSPECTIVES ON COLLABORATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AMONG GOVERNMENT, ACADEMIA, AND INDUSTRY SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Decision Support Methodologies for Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Substances CY OCT 18-20, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, EPA, Halogenated Solvents Ind Alliance, NCI, NIEHS, NLM, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Armstrong Lab DE DECISION-SUPPORT METHODOLOGIES; PRIORITY DATA NEEDS; SUBSTANCE-SPECIFIC APPLIED RESEARCH PROGRAM AB ATSDR's mission is to prevent or mitigate adverse human effects and diminished quality of life that result from exposure to hazardous substances from hazardous waste sites, unplanned releases, and other sources of pollution present in the environment. As part of this charge, human health assessments are performed through the use of data from animal studies environmental monitoring data and human epidemiological studies. Often sufficient data are not available to perform such assessments. Hence, modeling approaches are often used to estimate the likelihood of exposure to environmental chemicals and adverse health effects to human populations. In the last two decades, several computational techniques have been recognized as having potential to improve the accuracy of this process. As part of the assessment process, (1) chemicals of potential concern must be identified, (2) available data on their toxicity evaluated, (3) quantitative measures of their potential adverse health effects developed, and (4) exposure assessments made. The human health risk must then be characterized in a useful and understandable manner. RP DEROSA, CT (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP 283 EP 285 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03378-X PG 3 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600032 PM 7570665 ER PT J AU WILSON, JD AF WILSON, JD TI DECISION-SUPPORT METHODOLOGIES FOR HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC-SUBSTANCES - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1993 DECISION-SUPPORT METHODOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP, AGENCY-FOR-TOXIC-SUBSTANCES-AND-DISEASE-REGISTRY, ATLANTA, GA, USA, 18-20, OCTOBER 1993 - PREFACE SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material RP WILSON, JD (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-4274 J9 TOXICOL LETT JI Toxicol. Lett. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 79 IS 1-3 BP R9 EP R9 DI 10.1016/0378-4274(95)90224-4 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RW526 UT WOS:A1995RW52600001 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW HADLER, SC MCQUILLAN, G GERGEN, PJ AF SUTTER, RW HADLER, SC MCQUILLAN, G GERGEN, PJ TI PROTECTION AGAINST TETANUS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID VACCINATION C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20782. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SUTTER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 31 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 9 BP 600 EP 600 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RQ751 UT WOS:A1995RQ75100024 ER PT J AU HOFMANN, J CETRON, M FARLEY, MM BAUGHMAN, WS FACKLAM, RR ELLIOTT, JA DEAVER, KA BREIMAN, RF AF HOFMANN, J CETRON, M FARLEY, MM BAUGHMAN, WS FACKLAM, RR ELLIOTT, JA DEAVER, KA BREIMAN, RF TI THE PREVALENCE OF DRUG-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE IN ATLANTA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PENICILLIN; CHILDREN; DISEASE; VACCINE; MENINGITIS; EFFICACY AB Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of illness, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains threatens to complicate the management of pneumococcal infections. We conducted a laboratory-based surveillance for drug-resistant S. pneumoniae among patients with invasive pneumococcal infections in Atlanta. Methods. From January through October 1994, pneumococcal isolates from 431 patients with invasive disease in metropolitan Atlanta were serotyped and tested to determine their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents. Susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents was defined according to guidelines established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Results. The annual incidence of invasive pneumococcal infection was 30 cases per 100,000 population, Isolates from 25 percent of the patients were resistant to penicillin (7 percent were highly resistant), and isolates from 26 percent were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (7 percent highly resistant). Fifteen percent of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 9 percent to cefotaxime (4 percent were highly resistant), and 25 percent to multiple drugs. Drug-resistant pneumococci were found in bath children and adults. Children under six years of age were more likely than older children and adults to have isolates resistant to multiple drugs or cefotaxime, Whites were more likely than blacks to have invasive pneumococcal infections caused by drug-resistant organisms. Among white children younger than six years, 41 percent of the S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin. Conclusions. Drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae are common among both children and adults in Atlanta, Although blacks had a higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections than whites, whites were more likely to be infected with a drug-resistant isolate. Control of drug-resistant pneumococci will require more judicious use of antimicrobial agents and wider use of the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30033. NR 48 TC 373 Z9 383 U1 1 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 24 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 8 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1056/NEJM199508243330803 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP759 UT WOS:A1995RP75900003 PM 7623880 ER PT J AU PERRIENS, JH STLOUIS, ME PRIGNOT, J AF PERRIENS, JH STLOUIS, ME PRIGNOT, J TI TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS, IN ZAIRE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,B-1200 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP PERRIENS, JH (reprint author), WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 24 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 8 BP 520 EP 520 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP759 UT WOS:A1995RP75900014 ER PT J AU DONOGHUE, ER KALELKAR, MB BOEHMER, MA WILHELM, J WHITMAN, S GOOD, G LYNE, S LUMPKIN, J LANDRUM, L FRANCIS, BJ AF DONOGHUE, ER KALELKAR, MB BOEHMER, MA WILHELM, J WHITMAN, S GOOD, G LYNE, S LUMPKIN, J LANDRUM, L FRANCIS, BJ TI HEAT-RELATED MORTALITY - CHICAGO, JULY 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 577-579, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DONOGHUE, ER (reprint author), OFF MED EXAMINER CTY COOK,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 8 BP 602 EP 602 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP702 UT WOS:A1995RP70200005 ER PT J AU GOLDSTEIN, SJ RAJA, RM KRAMER, M HIRSCH, W MAY, EB AF GOLDSTEIN, SJ RAJA, RM KRAMER, M HIRSCH, W MAY, EB TI ACUTE HEPATITIS AND RENAL-FAILURE FOLLOWING INGESTION OF RAW CARP GALLBLADDERS - MARYLAND AND PENNSYLVANIA, 1991 AND 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 565-566, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MARYLAND DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV FISHERIES,OXFORD,MD. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GOLDSTEIN, SJ (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN MED CTR,DIV NEPHROL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19141, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 8 BP 604 EP 604 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP702 UT WOS:A1995RP70200008 ER PT J AU MOHLEBOETANI, JC MILLER, B HALPERN, M TRIVEDI, A TESSLER, J SOLOMON, SL FENSTERSHEIB, M AF MOHLEBOETANI, JC MILLER, B HALPERN, M TRIVEDI, A TESSLER, J SOLOMON, SL FENSTERSHEIB, M TI SCHOOL-BASED SCREENING FOR TUBERCULOUS INFECTION - A COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; PROGNOSIS; CHILDREN; REACTORS AB Objective.-To compare tuberculin screening of all kindergartners and high school entrants (screen-all strategy) vs screening limited to high-risk children (targeted screening). Design.-Decision, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit analyses. Setting and Subjects.-Students in a large urban and rural county. Definitions.-High risk of tuberculous infection was defined as birth in a country with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. Low risk was defined as birth in the United States. Outcome Measures.-Tuberculosis cases prevented per 10 000 children screened. Net costs, net cost per case prevented, benefit-cost ratio, and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results.-The screen-all strategy would prevent 14.9 cases per 10 000 children screened; targeted screening would prevent 84.9 cases per 10 000 children screened. The screen-all strategy is more costly than no screening; the benefit-cost ratio is 0.58. Targeted screening would result in a net savings; the benefit-cost ratio is 1.2. Screening all children is cost saving only if the reactor rate is 20% or greater. The cost per additional case prevented for screening all children compared with targeted screening ($34 666) is more than twice as high as treatment and contact tracing for a case of tuberculosis ($16 392). Conclusions.-Targeted screening of schoolchildren is much less costly than mass screening and is more efficient in prevention of tuberculosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,CLIN RES BRANCH,PREVENT EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTY SANTA CLARA PUBL HLTH DEPT,DIV DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SAN JOSE,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,SPECIAL STUDIES ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BATTELLE CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,ARLINGTON,VA. BATTELLE CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,DURHAM,NC. NR 34 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 8 BP 613 EP 619 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP702 UT WOS:A1995RP70200028 PM 7637141 ER PT J AU STANDAERT, SM DAWSON, JE SCHAFFNER, W CHILDS, JE BIGGIE, KL SINGLETON, BS GERHARDT, RR KNIGHT, ML HUTCHESON, RH AF STANDAERT, SM DAWSON, JE SCHAFFNER, W CHILDS, JE BIGGIE, KL SINGLETON, BS GERHARDT, RR KNIGHT, ML HUTCHESON, RH TI EHRLICHIOSIS IN A GOLF-ORIENTED RETIREMENT COMMUNITY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTION; TICKS; CANIS AB Background. Ehrlichiosis due to Ehrlichia chaffeensis usually occurs sporadically or in small clusters, with an annual incidence estimated at 3 to 5 cases per 100,000 population in areas of endemic disease. The putative principal vector is the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum). We investigated an outbreak of ehrlichiosis that occurred in June 1993 among members of a golf-oriented retirement community (community A) in Tenessee. The community is densely wooded and borders a wildlife-management area where deer are numerous. Methods. We conducted a case-control study, using medical-history reviews, serologic testing, and testing with the polymerase chain reaction for E. chaffeensis infection. We also surveyed a sample of 10 percent of the households in community A and in another golf-oriented community (community B) more than 20 miles (32 km) from the wildlife-management area. Survey participants completed a questionnaire and provided specimens for serologic testing. In both communities, searches for ticks were undertaken. Results. Eleven cases of symptomatic ehrlichiosis were identified in the case-control study, 10 of which were in community A (attack rate, 330 per 100,000). Of 311 surveyed residents of community-A, 12.5 percent had serologic evidence of past E. chaffeensis infection, as compared with 3.3 percent of 92 in community B (relative risk in community A as compared with community B, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 12.2). The risk of infection was associated with tick bites, exposure to wildlife, golfing, and among golfers, retrieving lost golf balls from the rough. Persons who never used insect repellent were more likely to have had infection than persons who did. In community A, thousands of Lone Star ticks were found; in community B, only three ticks were found. Conclusions. The high rate of E. chaffeensis infection in community A resulted from its proximity to a wildlife reserve. When outdoor recreational activities are common and concentrations of ticks are high, outbreaks of arthropod-borne zoonoses can be anticipated. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ENTOMOL & PLANT PATHOL,KNOXVILLE,TN. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,GOLDEN POND,KY. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 27 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 9 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 7 BP 420 EP 425 DI 10.1056/NEJM199508173330704 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP243 UT WOS:A1995RP24300004 PM 7616991 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB DENNIS, DT AF FISHBEIN, DB DENNIS, DT TI TICK-BORNE DISEASES - A GROWING RISK SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 7 BP 452 EP 453 DI 10.1056/NEJM199508173330711 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP243 UT WOS:A1995RP24300011 PM 7616997 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, KM SHAH, D AF CUMMINGS, KM SHAH, D TI TRENDS IN SMOKING INITIATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG-ADULTS - UNITED-STATES, 1980-1989 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 521-525, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP CUMMINGS, KM (reprint author), ROSWELL PK CANC INST,BUFFALO,NY 14263, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 16 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 7 BP 528 EP 529 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN466 UT WOS:A1995RN46600007 ER PT J AU MOORE, K DAMROW, T ABBOTT, DO JANKOWSKI, S AF MOORE, K DAMROW, T ABBOTT, DO JANKOWSKI, S TI OUTBREAK OF ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS ATTRIBUTABLE TO ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O104-H21 - HELENA, MONTANA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 501-508, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; O157-H7 C1 MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT. MONTANA STATE PUBL HLTH LAB,HELENA,MT. ST PETERS COMMUNITY HOSP,DEPT MICROBIOL,HELENA,MT. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP MOORE, K (reprint author), LEWIS & CLARK CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT 59624, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 16 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 7 BP 529 EP 530 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN466 UT WOS:A1995RN46600008 ER PT J AU HAVERKOS, HW DROTMAN, DP AF HAVERKOS, HW DROTMAN, DP TI THE SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION OF SEXUALITY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HAVERKOS, HW (reprint author), NIH,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 16 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 7 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.1001/jama.274.7.535 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN466 UT WOS:A1995RN46600016 PM 7629977 ER PT J AU SCHMID, GP FONTANAROSA, PB AF SCHMID, GP FONTANAROSA, PB TI EVOLVING STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE NONGONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS SYNDROME SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PERSISTENT; MALES; MEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 16 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 7 BP 577 EP 579 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN466 UT WOS:A1995RN46600031 PM 7629989 ER PT J AU MORRIS, JG SHAY, DK HEBDEN, JN MCCARTER, RJ PERDUE, BE JARVIS, W JOHNSON, JA DOWLING, TC POLISH, LB SCHWALBE, RS AF MORRIS, JG SHAY, DK HEBDEN, JN MCCARTER, RJ PERDUE, BE JARVIS, W JOHNSON, JA DOWLING, TC POLISH, LB SCHWALBE, RS TI ENTEROCOCCI RESISTANT TO MULTIPLE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS, INCLUDING VANCOMYCIN - ESTABLISHMENT OF ENDEMICITY IN A UNIVERSITY MEDICAL-CENTER SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE VANCOMYCIN; ENTEROCOCCUS; ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION ID HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SYNERGISM; FAECIUM; INFECTIONS; GENTAMICIN; TRENDS AB Objectives: To determine the distribution of and risk factors for colonization and infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci; to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of these strains; and to assess the effect of interventions, including 1) strict adherence to infection control procedures and 2) restricted use of vancomycin. Design: Problem identification based on descriptive studies, point-prevalence surveys, and case-control studies and followed by specific interventions and evaluation of the response to these interventions. Setting: University medical center. Participants: All patients hospitalized between May 1992 and June 1994 (59 196 admissions). Main Results: 75 active infections attributed to vancomycin-resistant enterococci were identified. Thirty-one patients (41%) had bloodstream infections and 6 (8%) died. The incidence of active infection was highest in the organ transplantation unit (13.2 infections/1000 admissions). In the point-prevalence studies, vancomycin-resistant enterococci were isolated from 20% of a random sample of hospitalized patients in July, August, and September 1993 (adjusted prevalence, 16.9%). Case-control studies showed significant associations between colonization and infection and 1) receipt of antimicrobial agents, particularly vancomycin, and 2) severity of illness. Although several small case clusters had isolates with identical banding patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, at least 45 different banding patterns were noted among medical center isolates. Interventions took place in November and December 1993. Vancomycin restriction policies resulted in a 59% decrease in intravenous vancomycin use and an 85% decrease in oral vancomycin use. Point-prevalence surveys done in April, May, and June 1994 showed a consistent 20% level of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains (adjusted prevalence, 18.7%). No significant changes were seen in rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection. Conclusions: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are an important cause of illness and death in the study institution, particularly among organ transplant recipients and other seriously ill persons; they have also become a common intestinal colonizer among hospitalized patients. The diversity of isolates (based on molecular typing studies) suggests that resistant organisms have been introduced from multiple sources. Interventions that effectively lower the overall level of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci must still be identified. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MARYLAND,MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP MORRIS, JG (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT,10 N GREENE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. RI Dowling, Thomas/D-2147-2013; OI Dowling, Thomas/0000-0003-3214-9283; Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 45 TC 380 Z9 387 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 4 BP 250 EP 259 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN665 UT WOS:A1995RN66500002 PM 7611590 ER PT J AU TELFORD, SR LEPORE, TJ SNOW, P WARNER, CK DAWSON, JE AF TELFORD, SR LEPORE, TJ SNOW, P WARNER, CK DAWSON, JE TI HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS IN MASSACHUSETTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note C1 NANTUCKET COTTAGE HOSP,NANTUCKET,MA 02554. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TELFORD, SR (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI19693] NR 18 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 4 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN665 UT WOS:A1995RN66500006 PM 7611594 ER PT J AU HADLOCK, KG GOH, CJ BRADSHAW, PA PERKINS, S LO, J KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, R FOUNG, SKH AF HADLOCK, KG GOH, CJ BRADSHAW, PA PERKINS, S LO, J KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, R FOUNG, SKH TI DELINEATION OF AN IMMUNODOMINANT AND HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS (HTLV)-SPECIFIC EPITOPE WITHIN THE HTLV-I TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; BLOOD; DNA; INFECTION; SEQUENCES AB Antibody reactivity to the transmembrane region of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) envelope, gp21, is observed in virtually all individuals infected with HTLV-I or HTLV-II. Recombinant proteins encoding selected portions of gp21 are described and used to define two immunogenic regions. The first epitope (designated GD21-I) contains amino acids 361 to 404 of the HTLV-I envelope and reacted with all of 54 sera from HTLV-I- and HTLV-Il-infected individuals. The second epitope (designated BA21) expresses amino acids 397 to 430 of the HTLV-I envelope and was recognized by 33 of 54 HTLV antisera. To determine the specificity of GD21-I and BA21, sera from 17 HTLV-negative individuals with nonspecific reactivity to p21E were tested. None of these sera reacted with GD21-I, but 16 of 17 sera reacted with BA21. With virtually complete reactivity to sera from HTLV-infected individuals and no reactivity to sera from p21E-reactive uninfected individuals, GD21-I will be useful in immunoassays for the detection of HTLV infection. (C) 1995 by The American Society of Hematology. C1 GENELABS DIAGNOST,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HADLOCK, KG (reprint author), GENELABS TECHNOL INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,505 PENOBSCOT DR,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL33811]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA60596] NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1392 EP 1399 PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA RN467 UT WOS:A1995RN46700022 PM 7632947 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, HS SIDHU, J GWINN, M KARON, J PETERSEN, LR AF WEINSTOCK, HS SIDHU, J GWINN, M KARON, J PETERSEN, LR TI TRENDS IN HIV SEROPREVALENCE AMONG PERSONS ATTENDING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1988-1992 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; SEROPREVALENCE; TRENDS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; SURVEILLANCE; PROGRAM; TYPE-1; HEALTH; AIDS AB Trends in seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were examined among patients attending sentinel clinics for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) throughout the United States. Cross-sectional, unlinked (blinded) surveys of HIV seroprevalence were conducted annually within clinics in 40 metropolitan areas. From 1988 to 1999, 552,665 specimens were tested in 80 STD clinics. The overall HIV seroprevalence was 33% (range among metropolitan areas: 5-52%) among gay and bisexual men, 3% (range: 0.3-11%) among heterosexual men, 2% (range: 0.1-11%) among women, and 10% (range: 0.5-45%) among heterosexual injecting drug users (IDUs). Controlling for clinic, age, and race/ethnicity, HIV seroprevalence decreased among all gay and bisexual men, but especially among white gay and bisexual men from 32% in 1989 to 22% in 1992. Among heterosexual men and women, HIV seroprevalence decreased among whites and, to a lesser degree, Hispanics, but remained essentially stable among African-Americans over time. Among heterosexual IDUs, seroprevalence was also unchanged. These results reflect changes in the HIV epidemic, which is becoming increasingly characterized by infected heterosexuals and IDUs, especially within minority populations. RP WEINSTOCK, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 5 BP 514 EP 522 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RM668 UT WOS:A1995RM66800008 PM 7627627 ER PT J AU MCNICHOLL, JM WHITWORTH, WC OFTUNG, F FU, XT SHINNICK, T JENSEN, PE SIMON, M WOHLHUETER, RM KARR, RW AF MCNICHOLL, JM WHITWORTH, WC OFTUNG, F FU, XT SHINNICK, T JENSEN, PE SIMON, M WOHLHUETER, RM KARR, RW TI STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF PEPTIDE AND MHC FOR DR(ALPHA,BETA-1-ASTERISK-0401)-RESTRICTED T-CELL ANTIGEN RECOGNITION SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DR-BETA-CHAIN; SHARED EPITOPE HYPOTHESIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; HLA-DR4 HAPLOTYPES; BINDING; RESIDUES; POLYMORPHISM; CLONES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; GLYCOPROTEINS AB We identified functionally important regions of the DR(alpha,beta 1*0401) peptide binding site and present a model of bound peptide. DR(alpha,beta 1*0401)-restricted T cell recognition and peptide binding of Mycobacterium leprae (ML) peptide 38-50 and overlapping peptides from the 18-kDa heat-shock protein were analyzed. ML38-50 is unusual in its restricted binding pattern, binding to only one of five DR4 subtypes and no other DR molecules tested. Amino acid substitutions were introduced into ML38-50 and the DR(alpha,beta 1*0401) peptide binding site at positions likely to influence peptide-MHC or peptide- or MHC-TCR interactions. Peptide binding, T cell proliferation, and computer modeling studies suggest that residues 39F, 42E, and 44D of ML38-50 interact with pockets 1, 4, and 6, respectively, of the peptide binding site. Only DR(alpha,beta 1*0401) substitutions at residues in pockets 4 or 7 prevented binding of ML38-50, while multiple substitutions at other positions negatively affected its T cell recognition. In contrast, T cell recognition of some high affinity ML peptides that overlapped ML38-50, and contained N-terminal extensions, was only abolished with pocket 4 substitutions. An inverse correlation of peptide affinity for DR(alpha,beta 1*0401) with negative effects of MHC substitutions on T cell recognition of the overlapping ML peptides was observed. Thus, some regions, such as pocket 4, dominantly influence T cell recognition of multiple DR(alpha,beta 1*0401)-binding peptides. However, each DR(alpha,beta 1*0401)-binding peptide appears to have unique properties that determine the outcome of its MHC-peptide interactions and the relative importance of other polymorphic pockets. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. GD SEARLE & CO,DEPT IMMUNOL,ST LOUIS,MO. RP MCNICHOLL, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DHA,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MS A-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27214] NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 4 BP 1951 EP 1963 PG 13 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA RN464 UT WOS:A1995RN46400032 PM 7636246 ER PT J AU BOYCE, TG SWERDLOW, DL GRIFFIN, PM AF BOYCE, TG SWERDLOW, DL GRIFFIN, PM TI CURRENT CONCEPTS - ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 AND THE HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; RISK-FACTORS; 0157-H7 INFECTIONS; CANADIAN CHILDREN; WASHINGTON-STATE; NURSING-HOME; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BOYCE, TG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 61 TC 393 Z9 400 U1 0 U2 8 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 10 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 6 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1056/NEJM199508103330608 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN082 UT WOS:A1995RN08200008 PM 7609755 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, DD GRANTWORLEY, JA FLEMING, DW AF HOPKINS, DD GRANTWORLEY, JA FLEMING, DW TI FATAL AND NONFATAL SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AMONG ADOLESCENTS - OREGON, 1988-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 312-315, PG 321-323, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. RP HOPKINS, DD (reprint author), OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR, USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 9 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 6 BP 452 EP 453 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RM699 UT WOS:A1995RM69900009 ER PT J AU BROWN, RE MILLER, B TAYLOR, WR PALMER, C BOSCO, L NICOLA, RM ZELINGER, J SIMPSON, K AF BROWN, RE MILLER, B TAYLOR, WR PALMER, C BOSCO, L NICOLA, RM ZELINGER, J SIMPSON, K TI HEALTH-CARE EXPENDITURES FOR TUBERCULOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB Background: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) and the increase in multidrug-resistant TB prompted this study, which estimates direct expenditures for TB treatment and public health activities in the United States. Methods: This retrospective cost of illness study estimated 1991 direct expenditures for TB-related outpatient and inpatient diagnosis and treatment, screening, preventive therapy, contact investigations, surveillance, and outbreak investigations. Existing databases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Ga) and the Codman Research Group, Lebanon, NH, were supplemented by surveys of state and local TB programs and interviews of organizations that conduct large-scale screening. No estimates of indirect costs were made. Results: The direct medical expenditures for TB in 1991 were estimated at $703.1 million. This cost includes $423.8 million for inpatient care, $182.3 million for outpatient care, $72.1 million for screening, $3.4 million for contact investigations, $17.9 for preventive therapy, and $3.6 million for surveillance and outbreak investigations. Sensitivity analyses yielded a range of expenditures between $515.7 million and $934.5 million. Conclusions: Treatment accounted for more than 86% of all TB-related expenditures; inpatient treatment accounted for 60% of the to tal. Prevention activities made up only 14% of all costs. Direct medical expenditures may be underestimated because of limitations in the database on hospital expenditures and health department cost-accounting systems and because of the lack of a national database on screening activities. Greater emphasis should be placed on outpatient treatment and prevention in high-risk populations, and improved cost-accounting systems should be developed in state and local health department TB control programs to facilitate economic evaluation and improve the allocation of health dollars. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BATTELLE CTR PUBL HLTH RES & EVALUAT,ARLINGTON,VA. AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,CTR MED EFFECT RES,BALTIMORE,MD. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,BUR MEDICAID,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 27 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 15 BP 1595 EP 1600 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.15.1595 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL485 UT WOS:A1995RL48500005 PM 7618981 ER PT J AU STERLING, TR BREHM, WT FRIEDEN, TR AF STERLING, TR BREHM, WT FRIEDEN, TR TI ISONIAZID PREVENTIVE THERAPY IN AREAS OF HIGH ISONIAZID RESISTANCE SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DECISION-ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; HEPATITIS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; REACTORS; RIFAMPIN; RISK; INFECTION; DEATHS AB Background: Previous decision analyses of isoniazid preventive therapy for low-risk tuberculin reactors aged 20 to 34 years have not accounted for the recently increased isoniazid resistance rate. Drug resistance trends could also affect the decision to use isoniazid preventive therapy for patients with recent conversion of tuberculin skin tests who are seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: A decision analysis was performed with a Markov simulation to assess the difference in life expectancy between those who receive isoniazid preventive therapy and those who do not. Probability estimates were determined from a review of the literature. Results: For tuberculin reactors aged 20 to 34 years living in areas with 26% isoniazid resistance, isoniazid preventive therapy increases life expectancy by 2 days. Withholding isoniazid is clearly favored if the isoniazid hepatitis rate is 1.1% and the hepatitis fatality rate exceeds 2.8%. For recent tuberculin converters, isoniazid preventive therapy increases life expectancy by 14 to 17 days, depending on patient age. Withholding isoniazid from converters is favored only if the isoniazid resistance rate exceeds 90% to 98%, according to patient age. Two-way sensitivity analysis of isoniazid-associated hepatitis and hepatitis-related fatality rate did not affect the decision to use isoniazid for recent converters. Conclusions: For tuberculin reactors aged 20 to 34 years who are seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus and living in areas with high isoniazid resistance, there is minimal net benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy. The current recommendation to provide isoniazid preventive therapy to this patient population should be reexamined. For recent tuberculin converters aged 20 to 64 years who are seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus, isoniazid preventive therapy provides a small increase in life expectancy. Withholding isoniazid preventive therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative skin test converters at high risk for isoniazid-induced hepatitis may be considered; preventive therapy is advisable for al other recent converters. C1 KEESLER MED CTR,DEPT MED,KEESLER AFB,MS. KEESLER MED CTR,CLIN RES LAB,KEESLER AFB,MS. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 15 BP 1622 EP 1628 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.15.1622 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL485 UT WOS:A1995RL48500009 PM 7618985 ER PT J AU DALTON, MJ ROBINSON, LE COOPER, J REGNERY, RL OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE AF DALTON, MJ ROBINSON, LE COOPER, J REGNERY, RL OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE TI USE OF BARTONELLA ANTIGENS FOR SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE AT A NATIONAL REFERRAL CENTER SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; DOMESTIC CAT; PATIENT; ENDOCARDITIS; INFECTION AB Background: Bartonella henselae (formerly the genus Rochalimaea) has recently been isolated from patients with cat-scratch disease and their cats, and since September 1992 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has offered an indirect fluorescent antibody assay for Bartonella-specific antibody. Methods: Physicians submitted serum samples from patients suspected of having cat-scratch disease or other Bartonella-associated illness and completed a questionnaire that recorded clinical information. Indirect fluorescent antibody assay was performed with the use of antigen derived from three Bartonella species: B henselae, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella elizabethae. Results: During 16 months, 3088 serum samples were received. The largest numbers of specimens and the highest percentages positive (titer, greater than or equal to 64) were observed in the fall and winter. Clinical histories of the first 600 patients for whom serum samples and completed information forms were received were examined in detail; seropositivity was significantly associated with cat contact, cat age of less than 1 year, cat scratch, presence of an inoculation papule, and regional adenopathy. Of 91 patients whose illness met a strict clinical definition of cat-scratch disease, 86 (95%) had titers of 64 or greater to either B henselae or B quintana. A fourfold rise or fall in titer was observed in 87 of 132 patients with paired serum samples. Conclusions: The indirect fluorescent antibody assay for Bartonella-specific antibody is sensitive for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease. Redefinition of cat-scratch disease on the basis of cause and use of this assay as a diagnostic criterion is recommended. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 22 TC 139 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD AUG 7 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 15 BP 1670 EP 1676 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.15.1670 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL485 UT WOS:A1995RL48500016 PM 7542443 ER PT J AU BARRY, M RUSSI, M ARMSTRONG, L GELLER, D TESH, R DEMBRY, L GONZALEZ, JP KHAN, AS PETERS, CJ AF BARRY, M RUSSI, M ARMSTRONG, L GELLER, D TESH, R DEMBRY, L GONZALEZ, JP KHAN, AS PETERS, CJ TI BRIEF REPORT - TREATMENT OF A LABORATORY-ACQUIRED SABIA VIRUS-INFECTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID LASSA FEVER; RIBAVIRIN C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,PARIS,FRANCE. RP BARRY, M (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,INT HLTH PROGRAM,20 YORK ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06504, USA. OI Gonzalez, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-3063-1770 NR 6 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 3 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 5 BP 294 EP 296 DI 10.1056/NEJM199508033330505 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL694 UT WOS:A1995RL69400005 PM 7596373 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ LINDEGREN, ML THOMAS, P AF SIMONDS, RJ LINDEGREN, ML THOMAS, P TI PNEUMOCYSTIS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 3 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 5 BP 321 EP 321 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL694 UT WOS:A1995RL69400018 ER PT J AU VELANDIA, M BOSHELL, J IGLESIAS, A RAMIREZ, G RENGIFO, B ESSEX, M CARDENAS, V AF VELANDIA, M BOSHELL, J IGLESIAS, A RAMIREZ, G RENGIFO, B ESSEX, M CARDENAS, V TI HIV TRANSMISSION IN A DIALYSIS CENTER - COLOMBIA, 1991-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 404,411-412, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT CANC BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INT BRANCH,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VELANDIA, M (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,NATL INST HLTH,ADV TRAINING PROGRAM APPL EPIDEMIOL,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 5 BP 372 EP 373 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL416 UT WOS:A1995RL41600005 ER PT J AU MUSONG, M MUYEMBE, T AF MUSONG, M MUYEMBE, T TI UPDATE - OUTBREAK OF EBOLA VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - ZAIRE, 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 468-469,475, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV KINSHASA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. TECH & SCI INT COORDINATING COMM VIRAL HEMORRHAG,KIKWIT,ZAIRE. WHO,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. WHO,BRAZZAVILLE,CONGO. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. MED SANS FRONTIERES,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. EPICENTRE,PARIS,FRANCE. PRINCE LEOPOLD INST TROP MED & HYG,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP MUSONG, M (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 5 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL416 UT WOS:A1995RL41600006 ER PT J AU CHEN, CC BARON, PA AF CHEN, CC BARON, PA TI VORTICES IN ANISOAXIAL SAMPLING INLETS SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Thin-walled inlets are used in a variety of instruments and sampling devices, quite often under anisoaxial conditions. An earlier study demonstrated a new visualization technique for observing vortices formed in a tubular inlet and indicated the effect of varying sampling rate and angle. The effect of the flow pattern on gravitational setting, inertial separation, and electrostatic interaction was observed. The present study extends this work by examining these effects over a wider range of sampling conditions and for some different inlet configurations. The vortices formed as a result of anisoaxial sampling change their location and increase in intensity and size with increasing external air velocity. The vortices appear even for relatively short inlets. A flared inlet appears to eliminate the vortices for sampling angles of less than 90 degrees. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. OI Chen, Chih-Chieh/0000-0002-9050-3749 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 23 IS 2 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1080/02786829508965305 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RM578 UT WOS:A1995RM57800008 ER PT J AU WASI, C HERRING, B RAKTHAM, S VANICHSENI, S MASTRO, TD YOUNG, NL RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H KALISH, ML LUO, CC PAU, CP BALDWIN, A MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL ESPARZA, J HEYWARD, WL OSMANOV, S AF WASI, C HERRING, B RAKTHAM, S VANICHSENI, S MASTRO, TD YOUNG, NL RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H KALISH, ML LUO, CC PAU, CP BALDWIN, A MULLINS, JI DELWART, EL ESPARZA, J HEYWARD, WL OSMANOV, S TI DETERMINATION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES IN INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND, USING PEPTIDE-BINDING ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AND HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY - EVIDENCE OF INCREASING INFECTION WITH HIV-1 SUBTYPE-E SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 SUBTYPES; INJECTING DRUG USER; THAILAND; PEPTIDE IMMUNOASSAY; HETERODUPLEX MOBILITY ASSAY; HIV-1 GENETIC SEQUENCE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RISK; GENOTYPES; GENES; AIDS AB Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of peptide-binding enzyme immunoassay (PEIA) and heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) for the determination of HIV-1 subtypes B and E; to determine the proportions of infections due to subtypes B and E over time; and to generate data on DNA sequences of the C2-V3 region of the env genes. Methods: HIV-1 subtyping was conducted by PEIA and HMA on blood specimens obtained from 97 injecting drug users (IDU) infected with HIV between 1988 and 1993. Genetic sequencing was performed on 84 specimens. Results: Both laboratory methods were highly sensitive and specific for the determination of HIV-1 subtypes B and E. The two tests were complementary; samples which could not be typed by HMA were correctly typed by PEIA and vice versa. While subtype B accounted for 80.4% (78 out of 97) of infections overall, the proportion of new infections due to subtype E increased from 2.6% (one out of 38) in 1988-1989 to 25.6% (11 out of 43) in 1990-1991, and to 43.8% (seven out of 16) in 1992-1993 (chi(2) for linear trend, P < 0.001). Conclusions: HMA and PEIA are practical, sensitive and specific laboratory methods for the determination of HIV-1 subtypes in Thailand, and may be useful in other geographic areas to define the molecular epidemiology of the global HIV-1 pandemic. Data suggest that the proportion subtype E infections have increased among Bangkok IDU from 1988 through 1993. C1 WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,OFF RES & INTERVENT DEV,VACCINE DEV UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIV VIROL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,BANGKOK,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT RES INST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. RI Herring, Belinda/M-7252-2015; OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 NR 46 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 843 EP 849 DI 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RN991 UT WOS:A1995RN99100003 PM 7576317 ER PT J AU KALISH, ML BALDWIN, A RAKTHAM, S WASI, C LUO, CC SCHOCHETMAN, G MASTRO, TD YOUNG, N VANICHSENI, S RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H MULLINS, JI DELWART, E HERRING, B ESPARZA, J HEYWARD, WL OSMANOV, S AF KALISH, ML BALDWIN, A RAKTHAM, S WASI, C LUO, CC SCHOCHETMAN, G MASTRO, TD YOUNG, N VANICHSENI, S RUBSAMENWAIGMANN, H VONBRIESEN, H MULLINS, JI DELWART, E HERRING, B ESPARZA, J HEYWARD, WL OSMANOV, S TI THE EVOLVING MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV-1 ENVELOPE SUBTYPES IN INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND - IMPLICATIONS FOR HIV VACCINE TRIALS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 SUBTYPES; INJECTING DRUG USER; THAILAND; HIV-1 GENETIC SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; V3 REGION; TYPE-1; SEQUENCES; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENOTYPES; DIVERSITY; GENES AB Objective: To genetically characterize HIV-1 strains in injecting drug users (IDU) in Bangkok, Thailand in 1994, and compare these with strains found earlier in Thai IDU; such information is essential for HIV-1 vaccine development and evaluation. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 84 IDU attending 14 drug treatment clinics in Bangkok in 1994. DNA was amplified using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure and sequenced directly (without cloning) from the PCR products. The V3 and flanking regions (345 nucleotides) of the env gene were analyzed using a neighbor-joining tree. Results: Only one (1%)strain was a typical subtype B virus, 69 (82%) were genetically distinct subtype B' viruses (Thai B), and 14 (17%) were subtype E strains (Thai A). Persons with recently acquired infection were more likely to have subtype E viruses (P<0.001) than those in our 1991 survey, who were more likely to have subtype B' viruses. Pairwise intra-subtype differences within subtypes E and B' were 5.3 and 4.3%, respectively, compared with 3.4 and 3.5% among strains collected in 1991 in Thailand. Conclusion: The genetic diversity within subtypes B' and E in Thailand and the proportion of new infections due to subtype E viruses among Bangkok IDU are increasing significantly. These data highlight the importance of monitoring the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in populations being considered for HIV-1 vaccine trials. C1 BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADM,BANGKOK,THAILAND. MAHIDOL UNIV,SIRIRAJ HOSP,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,DIV VIROL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,NONTHABURI,THAILAND. GEORG SPEYER HAUS CHEMOTHERAPEUT RES INST,FRANKFURT,GERMANY. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,OFF RES & INTERVENT DEV,VACCINE DEV UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RP KALISH, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP D-12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Herring, Belinda/M-7252-2015; OI Delwart, Eric/0000-0002-6296-4484 NR 35 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 851 EP 857 DI 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00004 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RN991 UT WOS:A1995RN99100004 PM 7576318 ER PT J AU NGBICHI, JM DECOCK, KM BATTER, V YEBOUE, K ACKAH, A ZADI, F DIALLO, MO KADIO, A GAYLE, HD AF NGBICHI, JM DECOCK, KM BATTER, V YEBOUE, K ACKAH, A ZADI, F DIALLO, MO KADIO, A GAYLE, HD TI HIV STATUS OF FEMALE SEX PARTNERS OF MEN REACTIVE TO HIV-1, HIV-2 OR BOTH VIRUSES IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; DUAL REACTIVITY; COTE DIVOIRE; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; WEST AFRICA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; AFRICA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; COUPLES; BISSAU; WOMEN AB Objectives: To compare rates of serologic concordance in the female sex partners of men with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections, and to determine the serologic status of sex partners of men who reacted serologically to both viruses. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Infectious diseases service in a University Hospital in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire (West Africa). Participants: Hospitalized men reactive on synthetic peptide-based tests to HIV-1, HIV-2 or both viruses (dually reactive), and their spouses visiting them in hospital. Outcome measures: Serologic status of female spouses of seropositive men. Results: The serologic status of 540 spouses of 490 HIV-1- and/or HIV-2-positive, hospitalized men was studied. Similar proportions of spouses of HIV-1-infected men (49%) and HIV-2-infected men (44%) were concordantly seropositive. The overall prevalence of infection in spouses of dually reactive men (72%) was significantly higher than in spouses of other men; 44% of these spouses were infected with HIV-1, 8% with HIV-2, and 20% were themselves dually reactive. Considering only the seropositive female spouses of men monotypically reactive to HIV-1 or HIV-2, and the male spouses of women monotypically infected, rates of serologic discordance were significantly greater in men (24%) than women (7%). Conclusions: Men were likely to have been infected earlier than women because of their HIV-associated illness; also, men more frequently had serologic profiles indicative of infection outside of the union. Rates of serologic concordance in spouses of men with advanced HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection were similar (44-49%). Dually reactive hospitalized men frequently (72%) had seropositive sex partners, most of whom were HIV-1-positive. Dual reactivity was also frequent in these spouses, suggesting transmission of both HIV-1 and HIV-2, or of a cross-reactive strain, and a minority of partners were infected with HIV-2 alone. Prospective studies of discordant couples using quantitative molecular diagnostic techniques are required for better understanding of dual reactivity and transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2. C1 PROJET RETRO CL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHU TREICHVILLE,INFECT DIS UNIT,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00018 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RN991 UT WOS:A1995RN99100018 PM 7576332 ER PT J AU GHYS, PD DIALLO, MO ETTIEGNETRAORE, V LOROUGNON, F YEBOUE, KM GNAORE, E TEURQUETIL, MJ ADOM, ML GREENBERG, AE LAGA, M DECOCK, KM AF GHYS, PD DIALLO, MO ETTIEGNETRAORE, V LOROUGNON, F YEBOUE, KM GNAORE, E TEURQUETIL, MJ ADOM, ML GREENBERG, AE LAGA, M DECOCK, KM TI DUAL SEROREACTIVITY TO HIV-1 AND HIV-2 IN FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; DUAL SEROREACTIVITY; WEST AFRICA ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IVORY-COAST; INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; AIDS AB Objective: To determine the absolute and proportional prevalence of dual seroreactivity to HIV-1 and HIV-2 in female sex workers in Abidjan, to determine risk determinants for this serologic profile, and to describe the associated clinical and immunological characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Confidential clinic for female sex workers in Abidjan. Participants: Female sex workers. Main outcome measures: HIV serostatus, CD4+ counts, women with AIDS, behavioural and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Among 1209 women tested, the overall HIV seroprevalence was 80%, while the prevalence of dual seroreactivity was 30%. Dual seroreactivity accounted for 38% of all HIV infections. Compared with women reacting to HIV-1 only, dually seroreactive women were significantly more likely to have been in sex work for a longer period, to be aged greater than or equal to 20 years, and to charge less money for intercourse. No difference in mean CD4+ count was noted between women with dual seroreactivity (561 x 10(6)/l) and HIV-1-seropositive women (588 x 10(6)/l). Conclusions: Female sex workers in Abidjan had the highest absolute (30%) and proportional rate (38%) of dual seroreactivity yet described in any population. Increased sexual exposure is associated with an increased risk of dual Seroreactivity. Although better molecular diagnostic techniques are required, a substantial proportion of female sex workers in Abidjan is likely to be infected with both HIV-1 and HIV-2. C1 INST TROP MED,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GHYS, PD (reprint author), PROJET RETRO CL,01 BP 1712,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 955 EP 958 DI 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00019 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RN991 UT WOS:A1995RN99100019 PM 7576333 ER PT J AU ZHENG, XW TIAN, CQ ZHANG, GY LI, DQ LIU, XL HU, DJ WENIGER, BG DONDERO, TJ AF ZHENG, XW TIAN, CQ ZHANG, GY LI, DQ LIU, XL HU, DJ WENIGER, BG DONDERO, TJ TI HIV RISK BEHAVIORS BUT ABSENCE OF INFECTION AMONG DRUG-USERS IN DETOXIFICATION CENTERS OUTSIDE YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA, 1993 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE DRUG USE; HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV SEROPREVALENCE; YUNNAN PROVINCE; PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA AB Objectives: To date, HIV spread in China has occurred principally among injecting drug users (IDU) in remote border regions of Yunnan province. We therefore sought to better understand the risks for and prevalence of HIV infection among drug users in parts of China outside Yunnan province. Methods: A behavioral survey of drug use and AIDS-related knowledge was conducted among all consenting drug users who entered treatment from 1 November to 31 December 1993 in seven provincial drug detoxification centers outside Yunnan province. After giving verbal informed consent, all drug users were tested for HIV. Results: Of the 1293 study participants, 207 (16%) reported injecting drugs. The proportion of IDU among all drug users varied widely by region, from 1% in Sha'anxi and Gansu provinces in the northwest region to 58% in Guangxi province in the south. IDU were more likely than non-IDU to be single and unemployed or self-employed, but did not differ in other demographic aspects. Among all drug users, 2% reported sharing needles without cleaning equipment, while 5% shared with some cleaning. Although 1060 (82%) drug users had heard of AIDS and most knew about its sexual (79%), parenteral (77%), and perinatal (60%) modes of transmission, many had misconceptions about its spread by casual contact. Of the 207 IDU tested for HIV, none were HIV-positive (95% confidence interval, 0-1.4). Conclusion: The absence of HIV infections detected in this study suggests that the prevalence of HIV is currently low among IDU in China outside Yunnan province. However, the behavior of these IDU puts them at high risk for HIV infection. Prevention efforts are needed to prevent the spread of HIV among IDU throughout China and to avoid the experience of neighboring countries in Asia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 959 EP 963 DI 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00020 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RN991 UT WOS:A1995RN99100020 PM 7576334 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA ZAIDI, AA WROTEN, J AF PETERMAN, TA ZAIDI, AA WROTEN, J TI DECREASING PREVALENCE HIDES A HIGH HIV INCIDENCE - MIAMI SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV SEROCONVERSION; INCIDENCE; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SURVEILLANCE ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SEROCONVERSIONS AB Objective: Study methods of assessing HIV trends in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics where blinded seroprevalence has been among the highest in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort. Methods: Reviewed computerized records of the four Miami STD clinics for 1987-1992. Results: A total of 53 403 persons had 70 793 tests. When testing began, 13% were HIV-positive. By 1992, 35% of all tests were performed on previously HIV-negative persons. This caused a faster decline in overall seroprevalence (to 7%) compared with seroprevalence among persons tested for the first time (to 9%). The percentage of tests performed for previously HIV-negative persons varied among age, race and sex subgroups, causing confounding if overall seroprevalence was used to compare groups. Seroconversion occurred in 514 patients. Black women were most likely to be positive on retesting (4.3%). Incidence rates did not change much over time, remaining at 2.5% per year. Conclusions: When using routine HIV-testing data to analyze trends, separate analyses should be undertaken for patients who were (or were not) previously tested. In these patients, the prevalence decreased slightly but incidence remained high, particularly among black women. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF INFORMAT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 8 BP 965 EP 970 DI 10.1097/00002030-199508000-00021 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RN991 UT WOS:A1995RN99100021 PM 7576335 ER PT J AU KUEMPEL, ED STAYNER, LT ATTFIELD, MD BUNCHER, CR AF KUEMPEL, ED STAYNER, LT ATTFIELD, MD BUNCHER, CR TI EXPOSURE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY AMONG COAL-MINERS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PNEUMOCONIOSIS; COPD; DUST; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; RISK; COAL DUST EXPOSURES; COAL RANK; LUNG CANCER; STOMACH CANCER ID PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS; WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; DUST EXPOSURE; DEATH AB The quantitative relationship between exposure to respirable coal mine dust and mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was investigated in a study of 8,878 working male coal miners who were medically examined from 1969 to 1971 and followed to 1979. Exposure-related mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards modeling for underlying or contributing causes of death and modified lifetable methods for underlying causes. For pneumoconiosis mortality, the lifetable analyses showed increasing standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with increasing cumulative exposure category. Significant exposure-response relationships for mortality from pneumoconiosis (p < 0.001) and from chronic bronchitis or emphysema (p < 0.05) were observed in the proportional hazards models after controlling for age and smoking. No exposure-related increases in lung cancer or stomach cancer were observed. Pneumoconiosis mortality was found to vary significantly by the rank of coal dust to which miners were exposed. Miners exposed at or below the current U.S. coal dust standard of 2 mg/m(3) over a working lifetime, based on these analyses, have an elevated risk of dying from pneumoconiosis or from chronic bronchitis or emphysema. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH. NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. RP KUEMPEL, ED (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 28 IS 2 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700280203 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RL996 UT WOS:A1995RL99600002 PM 8585515 ER PT J AU EBERHARDT, MS WAGENER, DK HERMAN, WH TOMLINSONMARSHALL, LA HAWTHORNE, VM AF EBERHARDT, MS WAGENER, DK HERMAN, WH TOMLINSONMARSHALL, LA HAWTHORNE, VM TI TRENDS IN RENAL-DISEASE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 TO 1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE TRENDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STATISTICS; MORTALITY; HEALTH CARE ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; HYPERTENSION; PERSPECTIVE AB Four indices of morbidity and mortality due to seven groups of renal diseases are evaluated in the United States for the period 1979 through 1990. These indices include mortality, hospitalization, doctor's office visits, and prevalence, Age-adjusted and age-specific rates are calculated, Estimates are provided for racial-, ethnic-, and gender-specific subpopulations, The burden of some diseases had decreased, especially renal infections, Most indices of the burden of diabetes with renal involvement and hypertensive renal disease have increased, especially among segments of the population that are growing, For many groups of disorders examined, men have experienced an increasing burden of disease over the 12 years evaluated, These data support current trends in renal failure and serve to generate hypotheses regarding renal disease patterns, The magnitude of the burden of renal disease and the trends toward increasing rates indicate that renal disease is a large and growing clinical and public health problem, Major improvements are needed in the range and accuracy of diagnosis and of reporting renal-related conditions, and additional resources need to be brought to the problem of renal-related morbidity, This is a US government work, There are no restrictions on its use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP EBERHARDT, MS (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,ROOM 730,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 308 EP 320 DI 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90651-7 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA RM705 UT WOS:A1995RM70500005 PM 7645535 ER PT J AU HENNING, KJ BELL, E BRAUN, J BARKER, ND AF HENNING, KJ BELL, E BRAUN, J BARKER, ND TI A COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS-A - RISK-FACTORS FOR INFECTION AMONG HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AIDS; HEALTH; EPIDEMIC AB PURPOSE: To assess risk factors for hepatitis A infection among homosexual and bisexual men during a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A in New York City. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five homosexual acid bisexual men, 20 to 49 years of age with hepatitis A identified from health department surveillance data (cases) were compared with 42 homosexual and bisexual men of similar age distribution who were seronegative for hepatitis A virus and Identified from private physician offices (controls). Odds ratios (OR) were determined for acute hepatitis A infection according to demographics, numbers of sexual partners, frequency of specific sexual behaviors, and self-reported human immunodeficiency virus status. RESULTS: Cases had more anonymous sex partners (0 to 1 partner versus >1 partner) than controls during the 6 weeks before illness onset (OR = 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4 to 14.4). Cases were more likely than controls to have engaged in group sex (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 12.6). Among specific sexual behaviors examined, oral-anal intercourse (oral role) and digital-rectal intercourse (digital role) with anonymous sex partners were more commonly reported by cases than controls (OR = 9.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 78.7 and OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 7.4, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that >1 anonymous sex partner, group sex, oral-anal intercourse, and digital-rectal intercourse were associated with illness in models controlling for duration of sexual activity. Because these variables were highly correlated, independent risk could not be evaluated in a single model. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis A infection among homosexual and bisexual men is associated with oral-anal and digital-rectal intercourse, as well as with increasing numbers of anonymous sex partners and group sex. These findings reinforce the importance of developing educational activities for homosexual and bisexual men that focus on risk reduction for hepatitis A as well as other sexually transmitted diseases spread via the fecal-oral route. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,OFF COMMUNICABLE DIS SURVEILLANCE,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NR 17 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS PUBL CO PI NEW YORK PA 249 WEST 17 STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 99 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80132-6 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RN319 UT WOS:A1995RN31900005 PM 7625417 ER PT J AU KILMARX, PH STLOUIS, ME AF KILMARX, PH STLOUIS, ME TI THE EVOLVING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SYPHILIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTION; AIDS RP KILMARX, PH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1053 EP 1054 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1053 PN 1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RN320 UT WOS:A1995RN32000003 PM 7625494 ER PT J AU HAMERS, FF PETERMAN, TA ZAIDI, AA RANSOM, RL WROTEN, JE WITTE, JJ AF HAMERS, FF PETERMAN, TA ZAIDI, AA RANSOM, RL WROTEN, JE WITTE, JJ TI SYPHILIS AND GONORRHEA IN MIAMI - SIMILAR CLUSTERING, DIFFERENT TRENDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DISEASE AB During the second half of the 1980s, Miami had a syphilis epidemic while gonorrhea rates decreased. To determine whether the direction of these trends truly differed within all population subgroups or whether they resulted from aggregating groups within which trends were similar, records from four sexually transmitted disease clinics from 1986 to 1990 and census data from 1990 were used to compare race-, sex-, age-, and zip code-specific groups. Syphilis and gonorrhea clustering was similar; 50% of cases occurred in the same zip codes, representing 10% of the population. In all groups, gonorrhea decreased (aggregate 48%) while syphilis first increased (aggregate 47%) and then decreased. Determining reasons for these different trends may facilitate controlling these diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1104 EP 1108 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1104 PN 1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RN320 UT WOS:A1995RN32000016 PM 7625504 ER PT J AU DULISSE, B AF DULISSE, B TI TRAUMA-RELATED CARE AMONG THE UNINSURED IN MASSACHUSETTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP DULISSE, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,MAILSTOP K-63,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1995 VL 85 IS 8 BP 1164 EP 1165 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.8_Pt_1.1164 PN 1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RN320 UT WOS:A1995RN32000033 PM 7625521 ER PT J AU HANKINSON, JL DAS, MK AF HANKINSON, JL DAS, MK TI FREQUENCY-RESPONSE OF PORTABLE PEF METERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FLOW; ACCURACY; VOLUME AB Peak expiratory Row (PEF) is a dynamic parameter and therefore requires a measuring device with a high-frequency response. This study evaluated the frequency-response characteristics of eight commercially available PEF meters, using simulated forced-expiratory maneuvers with a computer-controlled mechanical pump. Three different PEF levels were used (200, 400, and 600 L/min) at six levels of harmonic-frequency content similar to those observed in human subjects. For waveforms with higher frequency content (at the high end or above the physiologic range), the Assess, Vitalograph, Pocket Peak, and Spir-O-Flow PEF meters all overread PEF (greater than 15% difference from target values) at all three PEF levels. These results suggest that the frequency response of PEF meters is an important consideration in the selection of such meters and should be included in device requirements. The current practice of using various levels of American Thoracic Society (ATS) waveform 24 with its low-frequency content may not adequately evaluate the frequency characteristics of PEF meters. An upper range (5% of the fundamental frequency) of 12 Hz, within the range observed in normal subjects, appears to be more practical than an upper limit of 20 Hz. C1 NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 152 IS 2 BP 702 EP 706 PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA RN576 UT WOS:A1995RN57600041 PM 7633729 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL SPRINGS, FE ROBERTS, PP EBERHARD, ML CASE, K PERSING, DH AGGER, WA AF HERWALDT, BL SPRINGS, FE ROBERTS, PP EBERHARD, ML CASE, K PERSING, DH AGGER, WA TI BABESIOSIS IN WISCONSIN - A POTENTIALLY FATAL DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED BABESIOSIS; LYME-DISEASE; MICROTI INFECTION; IXODES-DAMMINI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; STATE; WOMAN AB Babesiosis is emerging as an important tick-borne zoonosis in the United States. Most reported cases of this parasitic disease have been acquired in the Northeast. To date, only two clinical cases of Babesia microti infection acquired in the upper Midwest have been described. We report eight more cases. Most if not all of the 10 total cases probably were acquired in northwestern Wisconsin. Three cases (30% of 10) we now report were fatal and occurred in elderly patients (65-75 years old) who died after complicated hospital courses. One patient probably had had a latent Babesia infection that activated because of immunosuppression attributable to high-dose corticosteroid therapy and to splenic infarctions caused by cholesterol emboli. AII three fatal cases were diagnosed incidentally and highlight the importance of considering the diagnosis of babesiosis in febrile patients who have been in babesiosis-endemic areas; examining their blood smears carefully; and treating promptly with clindamycin and quinine, and, if indicated, exchange transfusion. Medical personnel should be knowledgeable about this zoonosis, which is not limited to the northeastern United States, and is potentially serious, sometimes fatal. C1 POLYCLIN,SEATTLE,WA 98122. LA CROSSE LUTHERAN HOSP,IMMUNOL SECT,LA CROSSE,WI 54601. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,CLIN MICROBIOL SECT,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. GUNDERSON CLIN LTD,DEPT INTERNAL MED,INFECT DIS SECT,LA CROSSE,WI 54601. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30548, AI-32403]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-41497] NR 38 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 53 IS 2 BP 146 EP 151 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RV154 UT WOS:A1995RV15400006 PM 7677215 ER PT J AU MCNEILL, AM ANNEST, JL AF MCNEILL, AM ANNEST, JL TI THE ONGOING HAZARD OF BB AND PELLET GUN-RELATED INJURIES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: io characterize BB and pellet gun-related injuries treated in US hospital emergency departments. Design: We obtained data through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission and weighted them to obtain national estimates. Results: We estimate that from June 1, 1992, through May 31, 1993, 32,997 (95% confidence interval [CI], 27,823 to 38,171) people or 12.9 per 100,000 population (95% CI, 10.9 to 14.9) were treated for BB and pellet gun-related injuries. Of this total, 96% (31,547 [95% CI, 26,600 to 36,494]; 12.3 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 10.4 to 14.2]) sustained gunshot wounds. The incidence of BB and pellet gunshot wounds was highest among males (21.0 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 17.7 to 24.3]), children aged 10 through 14 years (71.4 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 57.4 to 85.4]), and blacks (14.6 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 10.3 to 18.9]). Boys aged 10 through 14 years had the highest risk of injury (121.1 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 95.0 to 147.2]). Although most patients (62%) were victims of unintentional shootings, 13.7% were victims of assault. Males aged 10 through 24 years (49.1% of assault cases) had the greatest risk of assault-related BB and pellet gunshot wounds. Conclusion: BB and pellet gunshot injuries continue to represent a substantial public health problem, especially to children and adolescents. Although BB and pellet guns are designed and intended for recreational use and competitive sport, they are sometimes used to inflict harm, most often among teenagers aged 15 through 19 years. Intervention strategies must be developed and implemented to reduce unintentional shootings and assaults associated with BB and pellet guns. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,OFF STAT & PROGRAMMING K59,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 26 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70150-8 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA RL975 UT WOS:A1995RL97500014 PM 7618782 ER PT J AU WHITTINGTON, WL ROBERTS, MC HALE, J HOLMES, KK AF WHITTINGTON, WL ROBERTS, MC HALE, J HOLMES, KK TI SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO THE GLYCYLCYCLINES SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID RESISTANCE; TETRACYCLINE AB To assess the activities of two glycylcyclines, N,N-dimethylglycylamido (DMG) derivatives of minocycline (MINO) and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMDOT), 203 gonococcal isolates recovered at six sexually transmitted disease clinics in the western United States were evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to tetracycline HCl, doxycycline, MINO, DMG-DMDOT, and DMG-MINO were determined by agar dilution tests. DMG-DMDOT and DMG-MINO were more active than tetracycline HCl, doxycycline, or MINO regardless of the presence of Tet M or of chromosomal mutations mediating tetracycline resistance (P < 0.001). C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PATHOBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WHITTINGTON, WL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 39 IS 8 BP 1864 EP 1865 PG 2 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RM378 UT WOS:A1995RM37800042 PM 7486935 ER PT J AU MYERS, GL ROSS, JW SMITH, SJ MORRIS, CH TRIPLETT, RB GROFF, M AF MYERS, GL ROSS, JW SMITH, SJ MORRIS, CH TRIPLETT, RB GROFF, M TI EVALUATING LYOPHILIZED HUMAN SERUM PREPARATIONS FOR SUITABILITY AS PROFICIENCY TESTING MATERIALS FOR HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZATION; ACCURACY AB Objective.-To evaluate the suitability of various commercial preparations for use by the College of American Pathologists as survey materials in assessing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement performance. Design.-Lyophilized human serum preparations from six vendors (vendors A through F) were evaluated to determine which material(s) best mimicked the commutability of fresh human serum. Two freshly collected unfrozen pools prepared from donor specimens were analyzed concurrently with the vendor materials to identify sources of variation and possible matrix bias. Each material was evaluated using 5 common precipitation reagents (phosphotungstate-magnesium, phosphotungstic acid, dextran sulfate [50K and 500K], and heparin-manganese). To evaluate how each reagent separates lipoproteins in each material, the lipoprotein separation patterns were profiled using high-pressure liquid chromatography and compared with separation patterns observed for the fresh human serum pools. Main Outcome Measures.-Similarities in performance characteristics of vendor material(s) were compared with fresh human serum. Results.-Two of the six materials gave separation profiles for the lipoproteins similar to the typical patterns observed for human serum. Material from vendor B showed the best commutability across all of the precipitation reagents and had the best combination of low overall variability (10% for level 1 and 9.4% for level 2) and minimal concentration differences among reagents. Conclusions.-Vendor B was selected by the College of American Pathologists to provide materials for use in assessing performance of lipid and lipoprotein testing in the 1994 Comprehensive Chemistry Surveys. This study demonstrates the great variability that different vendor preparations introduce into the measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It also emphasizes the effort required to evaluate the suitability of processed materials for use in proficiency testing. C1 KENNESTONE HOSP,MARIETTA,GA 30060. DATA MED ASSOCIATES INC,ARLINGTON,TX. COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,NORTHFIELD,IL 60093. RP MYERS, GL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 119 IS 8 BP 686 EP 694 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA RN894 UT WOS:A1995RN89400009 PM 7646324 ER PT J AU DINI, EF LINKINS, RW CHANEY, M AF DINI, EF LINKINS, RW CHANEY, M TI EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER-GENERATED TELEPHONE MESSAGES IN INCREASING CLINIC VISITS SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID APPOINTMENT REMINDERS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; OUTPATIENT AB Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of computer-generated telephone reminder calls in increasing kept appointment rates in a public health setting. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Public health clinic, Georgia. Patients: Five hundred seventeen clients with scheduled appointments during a 4-week period at immunization, women, infant, and children; well-child; or family-planning programs. Intervention: A single computer-generated telephone reminder 1 day before each client's scheduled appointment. Main Outcome Measurer Rates of kept appointments. Results: Of the 277 clients assigned to receive the intervention, 144 (52%) kept their appointments, compared with only 78 (32.5%) of 240 who were not assigned to receive a message (P<.05). Improvement in kept appointment rates associated with receiving the message was highest for the immunization-program (183% increase, P<.05), with increases of 64%, 53%, and 44% for the well-child; women, infant, and children; and family-planning programs, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest a simple and effective method to increase kept appointment rates in a variety of public health programs. C1 GEORGIA DIV PUBL HLTH,GEORGIA IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP DINI, EF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,INFORMAT SERV,MAILSTOP E-61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 149 IS 8 BP 902 EP 905 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RM768 UT WOS:A1995RM76800013 PM 7633545 ER PT J AU BRISS, PA SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG KRESNOW, MJ ONEIL, J AF BRISS, PA SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG KRESNOW, MJ ONEIL, J TI INJURIES FROM FALLS ON PLAYGROUNDS - EFFECTS OF DAY-CARE-CENTER REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HELMET-USE LAWS; CHILD DAY-CARE; UNITED-STATES; HEAD-INJURY; LEGISLATION; PREVENTION AB Objectives: To measure the incidence of playground fall injuries among children attending licensed US day care centers and to evaluate how injury incidence varies with center characteristics and with the regulatory and enforcement climate in which centers operate. Design: Telephone surveys of directors of day care centers and enforcement agencies and review of written day care regulations. Setting: Probability sample of licensed day care centers in 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants: Children attending day care centers with playgrounds. Main Outcome Measures: Medically attended playground fall injuries. Results: Among the 1740 day care centers studied, a weighted total of 89.2 injuries occurred during the 2-month study period (0.25/100 000 child-hours in day care). The most important risk factor for injury was height of the tallest piece of climbing equipment on the playground in both bivariate (P = .01) and multivariate (P = .02) analyses. Neither regulations addressing playground safety or playground surfaces nor enforcement patterns were associated with lower injury rates. Conclusions: Additional effort is needed to develop and evaluate regulations and enforcement that reduce injury risks for children while minimizing burden on day care centers. In the meantime, limiting climbing equipment heights may reduce playground injury rates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 149 IS 8 BP 906 EP 911 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RM768 UT WOS:A1995RM76800014 PM 7633546 ER PT J AU SHINNICK, TM GOOD, RC AF SHINNICK, TM GOOD, RC TI DIAGNOSTIC MYCOBACTERIOLOGY LABORATORY PRACTICES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GAS-LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TUBERCULOSTEARIC ACID; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; AMPLIFIED DNA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; SYSTEM; MENINGITIS; DIFFERENTIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY RP SHINNICK, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP G35,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RM817 UT WOS:A1995RM81700006 PM 8562734 ER PT J AU WONG, MT DOLAN, MJ LATTUADA, CP REGNERY, RL GARCIA, ML MOKULIS, EC LABARRE, RC ASCHER, DP DELMAR, JA KELLY, JW LEIGH, DR MCRAE, AC REED, JB SMITH, RE MELCHER, GP AF WONG, MT DOLAN, MJ LATTUADA, CP REGNERY, RL GARCIA, ML MOKULIS, EC LABARRE, RC ASCHER, DP DELMAR, JA KELLY, JW LEIGH, DR MCRAE, AC REED, JB SMITH, RE MELCHER, GP TI NEURORETINITIS, ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS, AND LYMPHADENITIS ASSOCIATED WITH BARTONELLA (ROCHALIMAEA) HENSELAE INFECTION IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS AND PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; THERAPY; FEVER AB Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae causes a variety of diseases, including bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, lymphadenitis, aseptic meningitis with bacteremia, and cat-scratch disease (CSD). Cases of B. henselae-related disease were collected from September 1991 through November 1993. Patients with suspected CSD, unexplained fever and lymphadenitis, or suspected B. henselae infection who were seen in the Infectious Diseases Clinic at Wilford Hall Medical Center (Lackland Air Force Base, TX) underwent physical and laboratory examinations. In addition to three previously described cases, 23 patients with R. henselae-related infection were identified. The patients included 19 immunocompetent individuals presenting with lymphadenitis (11), stellate neuroretinitis (5), Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome with retinitis (1), chronic fatigue syndrome-like disease (1), and microbiologically proven adenitis without the presence of immunofluorescent antibodies to B, henselae (1) and four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 presenting with isolated lymphadenitis (1), diffuse upper-extremity adenitis (1), neuroretinitis (1), and aseptic meningitis (1), A couple with neuroretinitis and their pet cat, a persistently fatigued patient, and a patient with Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome were shown to have bacteremia, Tissue cultures were positive for B. henselae in three recent cases of adenitis, Twenty-two patients were exposed to cats, This series further demonstrates the similarities between B. henselae-related diseases and CSD and identifies several new syndromes due to B. henselae. C1 WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,PSMI,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT,SCOTT AFB,MO. SAN DIEGO NAVAL AIR STN,SAN DIEGO NAVAL HOSP,SAN DIEGO,CA. KEESLER MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,KEESLER AFB,MS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 27 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 IS 2 BP 352 EP 360 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RM817 UT WOS:A1995RM81700015 PM 8562744 ER PT J AU ANGULO, FJ SWERDLOW, DL AF ANGULO, FJ SWERDLOW, DL TI BACTERIAL ENTERIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS INFECTIONS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; CAMPYLOBACTER ENTERITIS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; SHIGELLA BACTEREMIA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB We review the epidemiology and prevention of and future research priorities for bacterial enteric infections in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-infected persons are more frequently infected with Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria, and (possibly) Shigella species than are individuals not infected with HIV. In addition, Salmonella and (possibly) Campylobacter infections are more likely to be severe, recurrent, or persistent and associated with extraintestinal disease when they occur in HIV-infected persons. Infections caused by Shigella and Vibrio species can also result in more serious disease in HIV-infected persons than in those not infected with HIV. Risk of these infections can be reduced with proper precautions, particularly those pertaining to food hygiene, animal contact, and travel. Individuals infected with HIV should be informed of their increased risk of acquiring these diseases and should be counseled on the recommended precautions. RP ANGULO, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 96 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S84 EP S93 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600011 PM 8547518 ER PT J AU BRYAN, RT AF BRYAN, RT TI MICROSPORIDIOSIS AS AN AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; TOPICAL FUMAGILLIN; PATIENT; VIRUS; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS AB The clinical manifestations of AIDS-related microsporidiosis range from mild or asymptomatic infections to debilitating illness involving the gastrointestinal, respiratory, or urogenital tracts or the eyes. Intestinobiliary infections with Enterocytozoon bieneusi are the most common microsporidial diseases, but disseminated infections with Encephalitozoon hellem, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, and Septata intestinalis are being increasingly recognized. The isolation of infective microsporidial spores from urine and respiratory secretions and the presence of spores in stool and duodenal aspirates suggest that person-to-person transmission may occur. Primary infection may also occur by inhalation or ingestion of spores from environmental sources or by zoonotic transmission. Development of guidelines for prevention of microsporidiosis will require that sources of infection and modes of transmission be more clearly elucidated. The presence-of infective spores in bodily fluids, however, suggests that precautions when handling body fluids in clinical settings and personal hygiene measures such as hand washing may help to prevent primary infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S62 EP S65 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600007 PM 8547514 ER PT J AU CASTRO, KG AF CASTRO, KG TI TUBERCULOSIS AS AN OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASE IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; CLINICAL-FEATURES; UNITED-STATES; SYNDROME AIDS; DRUG-USERS AB Tuberculosis, a bacterial disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is becoming an increasingly common opportunistic disease in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). M. tuberculosis is transmitted from person-to-person by airborne droplet nuclei, Persons who are exposed to these droplet nuclei in poorly ventilated environments are at risk of becoming infected with M. tuberculosis. HIV infection is probably the most significant risk factor associated with progression from latent M. tuberculosis infection to active disease. Thus, HIV-infected persons should avoid exposure to M. tuberculosis, they should be screened for evidence of latent infection with the tuberculin skin test, and they should be offered preventive therapy. Because many severely immunosuppressed anergic HIV-infected persons have been found to have an increased risk of developing active tuberculosis, decisions to use preventive therapy should be individualized on the basis of the local prevalence of tuberculosis and drug-resistance patterns. Persons with active tuberculosis should receive at least 6 months of treatment with recommended regimens, preferably with directly observed therapy, to ensure adequate bacteriologic response, completion of therapy, and cure. Chronic suppressive therapy after completion of therapy is currently not recommended. RP CASTRO, KG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S66 EP S71 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600008 PM 8547515 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE PHAIR, JP MASUR, H WILFERT, CM HOLMES, KK AF GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE PHAIR, JP MASUR, H WILFERT, CM HOLMES, KK TI INDICATORS FOR ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH QUALITY STANDARDS FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP GROSS, PA (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,30 PROSPECT AVE,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S138 EP S141 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600026 PM 8547509 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA PHAIR, JP KAPLAN, JE HOLMES, KK MASUR, H AF GROSS, PA PHAIR, JP KAPLAN, JE HOLMES, KK MASUR, H TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE ENUMERATION OF CD4(+) LYMPHOCYTES IN ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER AIDS COHORT; PROPHYLAXIS; TYPE-1 C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S126 EP S127 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600020 PM 8547503 ER PT J AU HAJJEH, RA AF HAJJEH, RA TI DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONENDEMIC AREA; CAPSULATUM; FLUCONAZOLE; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; FEATURES; ANTIGEN; RISK; AIDS AB Disseminated histoplasmosis is an AIDS-defining illness that occurs in about 5% of AIDS patients residing in histoplasmosis-endemic areas of the United States (the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys). This disease develops as a result of acute infection and perhaps also as the result of reactivation of latent infection: cases reported from areas such as New York City, where histoplasmosis is not endemic, are most likely due to reactivation of an infection acquired earlier in a histoplasmosis-endemic area, while cases in histoplasmosis-endemic areas are most likely due to acute infection, especially in outbreak settings. Disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients is usually associated with advanced immunosuppression, with CD4(+) lymphocyte counts of <75/mm(3). Currently, histoplasmin skin testing of HIV-infected patients does not seem to be useful in detecting previous exposure and therefore is not helpful in identifying groups of patients who are at risk for dissemination and who should be targeted for preventive efforts. The current public health recommendation for HIV-infected patients is to avoid exposure to sites likely to harbor high levels of Histoplasma capsulatum, such as chicken coops and bird roosts. The role of chemoprophylaxis is not clear, but an ongoing study by the Mycoses Study Group is evaluating the role of prophylactic itraconazole. If strategies for the prevention of disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients are to be improved, studies must better define the risk factors for this opportunistic infection, describe its natural history, and develop more reliable tests to predict its development. RP HAJJEH, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S108 EP S110 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600015 PM 8547497 ER PT J AU JURANEK, DD AF JURANEK, DD TI CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS - SOURCES OF INFECTION AND GUIDELINES FOR PREVENTION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; WATER-SUPPLIES; VETERINARY STUDENTS; SURFACE-WATER; SWIMMING POOL; SYNDROME AIDS; DAIRY CALVES; OUTBREAK; GIARDIA; TRANSMISSION AB Cryptosporidium parvum is an important emerging pathogen in the United States and a cause of severe, life-threatening disease in patients with AIDS. No safe and effective form of specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis has been identified to date. The parasite is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts excreted in the feces of infected humans or animals. The infection can therefore be transmitted from person to person through ingestion of contaminated water (drinking water and water used for recreational purposes) or food, from animal to person, or by contact with fecally contaminated environmental surfaces. Outbreaks associated with all of these modes of transmission have been documented. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection should be made more aware of the many ways that Cryptosporidium species are transmitted, and they should be given guidance on how to reduce the risk of exposure. This article summarizes existing data on the various modes of transmission. It includes an in-depth look at waterborne transmission because as more research data are made available to the public, physicians will increasingly be asked by patients about the importance of this source of infection compared with other sources of infection. RP JURANEK, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAIL STOP F-22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 54 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S57 EP S61 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600006 PM 8547513 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM SPERLING, R BAKER, SA TRAPNELL, CB FREEDBERG, KA COTTON, D POWDERLY, WG JAFFE, HW LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, J BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BEUHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM SPERLING, R BAKER, SA TRAPNELL, CB FREEDBERG, KA COTTON, D POWDERLY, WG JAFFE, HW LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, J BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BEUHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C TI USPHS/IDSA GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - AN OVERVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECOMMENDATIONS; CONSEQUENCES; TUBERCULOSIS; PROPHYLAXIS; PREGNANCY; THERAPY; PEOPLE; TYPE-1; DRUGS; WOMEN C1 NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER ASSOC PHYSICIANS HUMAN RIGHTS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER FDN AIDS RES, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLGISTS, ATLANTA, GA USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, HALIFAX, NS, CANADA. DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, NEW YORK, NY USA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES, ATLANTA, GA USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA USA. HOWARD UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MINNESOTA DEPT PUBL HLTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. MT AUBURN HOSP, CAMBRIDGE, MA USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, ST LOUIS, MO USA. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP G-29, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S12 EP S31 PG 20 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600002 PM 8547500 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E FREEDBERG, KA MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, F BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BUEHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M TRAPNELL, CB BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W COTTON, D GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISSON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M SPERLING, R AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E FREEDBERG, KA MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, F BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BUEHLER, J CALDWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KELLER, D MARTONE, W MCNEIL, MM MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SCHONBERGER, LB SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M TRAPNELL, CB BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADR, W COTTON, D GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISSON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M SPERLING, R AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C TI USPHS/IDSA GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - DISEASE-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER ASSOC PHYSICIANS HUMAN RIGHTS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER FDN AIDS RES, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, ATLANTA, GA USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, HALIFAX, NS B3H 3J5, CANADA. DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC 27706 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, NEW YORK, NY USA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES, ATLANTA, GA USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA USA. HOWARD UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. MINNESOTA DEPT PUBL HLTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. MT AUBURN HOSP, CAMBRIDGE, MA USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA. UNIV SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94117 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP G-29, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S32 EP S43 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600003 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK MCNEIL, MM SCHONBERGER, LB NAVIN, TR HANSON, DL GROSS, PA JAFFE, HW LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E FREEDBERG, KA MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, F BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BUEHLER, J CLADWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KAPLAN, JE KELLER, D MARTONE, W MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M TRAPNELL, CB BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADAR, W COTTON, D GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISSON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M SPERLING, R AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK MCNEIL, MM SCHONBERGER, LB NAVIN, TR HANSON, DL GROSS, PA JAFFE, HW LANIER, D SCHRAM, N COOPER, E FREEDBERG, KA MAYER, K BLINKHORN, R ELLNER, J ANGULO, F BERKELMAN, R BREIMAN, R BRYAN, R BUEHLER, J CLADWELL, B CASTRO, K CHILDS, JE CHU, S CIESIELSKI, C DROTMAN, DP EDLIN, B ELLERBROCK, T FLEMING, P GEITER, L HAJJEH, R HANSON, D HOLMBERG, S HUGHES, J JAFFE, H JONES, J JURANEK, D KAPLAN, JE KELLER, D MARTONE, W MILLER, B NAVIN, T NESLUND, V OSTROFF, S PELLETT, PE PINNER, R REEF, S REEVES, WC REGNERY, R RICHARDS, F ROGERS, M SIMONDS, RJ SIMONE, P SMITH, D SOLOMON, S SPIEGEL, R STEWART, J SWERDLOW, D VERNON, S WARD, J NEAL, J SCHLECH, W WILFERT, C HORSBURGH, R MCGOWAN, J RIMLAND, D GOLDBERGER, M TRAPNELL, CB BARR, D TORRES, G STETLER, H GROSS, P ELSADAR, W COTTON, D GREAVES, W BARTLETT, J CHAISSON, R FEINBERG, J QUINN, T HORMAN, J MACDONALD, K WILSON, M SPERLING, R AVANDANO, A BAKER, AC KALICA, A KOVACS, J POLIS, M SCHNITTMAN, S NELSON, C PHAIR, J BENSON, C WOOD, B HUGHES, W LUFT, B HYSLOP, N WHITLEY, R AMPEL, N DREW, WL KOEHLER, J WOFSY, C TI USPHS/IDSA GUIDELINES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - INTRODUCTION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; HIV-SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS; HYDROPHILA-ASSOCIATED COLITIS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; AIDS PATIENT; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; PULMONARY CRYPTOCOCCOSIS C1 NIH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. WASHINGTON UNIV, SEATTLE, WA USA. US DEPT HHS, AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852 USA. AMER ASSOC PHYSICIANS HUMAN RIGHTS, SAN FRANCISCO, CA USA. AMER FDN AIDS RES, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. BOSTON UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. BROWN UNIV, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA. COUNCIL STATE & TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, ATLANTA, GA USA. DALHOUSIE UNIV, HALIFAX, NS, CANADA. DUKE UNIV, DURHAM, NC USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. GAY MENS HLTH CRISIS INC, NEW YORK, NY USA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES, ATLANTA, GA USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ 07604 USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, BOSTON, MA USA. HOWARD UNIV, WASHINGTON, DC 20059 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. MINNESOTA DEPT PUBL HLTH, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. MT AUBURN HOSP, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02238 USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. NATL ASSOC PERSONS AIDS, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. NATL MINOR AIDS COUNCIL, WASHINGTON, DC USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA. RUSH MED COLL, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. TULANE UNIV, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, BIRMINGHAM, AL USA. UNIV ARIZONA, TUCSON, AZ USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, ST LOUIS, MO USA. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP G-29, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 172 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S1 EP S11 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600001 PM 8547495 ER PT J AU KELLER, DW BREIMAN, RF AF KELLER, DW BREIMAN, RF TI PREVENTING BACTERIAL RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; HIV-INFECTION; DRUG-USERS AB Bacterial respiratory tract infections occur frequently in persons infected with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and may be caused by a wide variety of pathogens. Pneumonia is the most commonly diagnosed respiratory infection in HIV-infected persons and is more common in those persons than in non-HIV-infected ones, HIV-infected persons have a much higher risk of pneumococcal disease than do noninfected controls, and disease may occur relatively early in the course of HIV infection, While mortality associated with the disease does not seem to be high among HIV-infected persons, there is a higher rate of recurrence of the disease in that population. Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected persons are not well characterized, Though efficacy data are limited, the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for use early in the course of HIV infection. There are no data suggesting that HIV-infected persons should be revaccinated routinely, Antiretroviral agents may enhance the immunologic response to the polysaccharide vaccine, Prophylactic antibiotics may have a role in preventing recurrences of severe bacterial respiratory infections, and intravenous immunoglobulin may be useful in preventing serious bacterial infections in HIV-infected children. HIV-infected persons are also at greater risk for serious infections with Haemophilus influenzae than are non-HIV-infected persons, Vaccination against H. influenzae type b (Hib) is recommended for HIV-infected children but not far adults. Antimicrobial drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and H. influenzae have become more prevalent recently and consequently have impacted on strategies for prevention and treatment of those infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 67 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S77 EP S83 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600010 PM 8547517 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, MM AMPEL, NM AF MCNEIL, MM AMPEL, NM TI OPPORTUNISTIC COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - PREVENTION ISSUES AND PRIORITIES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CANDIDA-KRUSEI; FLUCONAZOLE; MENINGITIS; FUNGEMIA; THERAPY AB Coccidioidomycosis is an uncommon AIDS-defining illness that is endemic in the southwestern United States. In profoundly immunodeficient patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the disease is usually manifest as severe pulmonary infection and is associated with high mortality, Although diagnosis is often made by routine serological tests, these appear to be less sensitive than when used for patients who are not HIV-infected. New ways to diagnose the infection in HIV-infected patients earlier and with more certainty are urgently needed. The optimal antifungal regimen for active disease in HIV-infected patients is currently undefined, but following acute disease in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patients (CD4 lymphocyte count, <200/mu L), lifelong systemic antifungal therapy is recommended. The role of chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected patients in the area of endemic disease is also unclear. Improvement of preventive strategies must await the results of well-designed future studies to determine risk factors, particularly environmental factors, for development of coccidioidomycosis and to determine the proportion of disease due to new vs. reactivated infection, These studies are also needed to elucidate the role and efficacy of different types of antifungal drug therapies and the specific dosages useful for prevention, treatment, and long-term control of these infections. C1 TUCSON VET ADM MED CTR,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,MED CTR,DEPT MED,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP MCNEIL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S111 EP S113 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600016 PM 8547498 ER PT J AU OSTROFF, SM SPIEGEL, RA FEINBERG, J BENSON, CA HORSBURGH, CR AF OSTROFF, SM SPIEGEL, RA FEINBERG, J BENSON, CA HORSBURGH, CR TI PREVENTING DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX DISEASE IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; INTRACELLULARE; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROPHYLAXIS AB Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is an important late-stage complication of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, Since MAC is widely dispersed in the environment, the source of infection for patients with disseminated MAC generally cannot be determined, Therefore, specific recommendations for avoiding exposure are not supported at this time, Routine screening of stools and sputum to detect MAC colonization as a means of targeting prophylaxis for disseminated disease is also not recommended at present, Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated that prophylactic use of rifabutin in persons with low CD4 lymphocyte counts results in a 50% decrease in MAC bacteremia as well as a reduction in some signs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities associated with MAC disease, Thus a prophylactic daily dose of rifabutin (300 mg) should be considered for adults who have had a previous AIDS-defining opportunistic illness and who have a CD4 lymphocyte count of <75/mu L. Many experts would consider prophylaxis appropriate only when the CD4 lymphocyte count is <50/mu L, particularly when there has not been a previous AIDS-defining opportunistic infection, Clinicians should be aware of drug interactions and potential adverse effects associated with the use of rifabutin. Preliminary reports of randomized, placebo-controlled trials suggest that chemoprophylaxis with clarithromycin is also effective in the prevention of disseminated MAC disease, and evaluation of other agents is under way. Prophylaxis for disseminated MAC infection in children has not been evaluated but is presumed to be as effective as that in adults, Decisions regarding initiation of MAC chemoprophylaxis should be individualized. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RP OSTROFF, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,MAILSTOP C-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S72 EP S76 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600009 PM 8547516 ER PT J AU PHAIR, JP GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM MARTONE, WJ CASTRO, KG AF PHAIR, JP GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM MARTONE, WJ CASTRO, KG TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF PERSONS COINFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AND MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP PHAIR, JP (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,680 N LAKE SHORE DR,SUITE 1106,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S130 EP S131 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600022 PM 8547505 ER PT J AU PHAIR, JP MASUR, H GROSS, PA HOLMES, KK KAPLAN, JE AF PHAIR, JP MASUR, H GROSS, PA HOLMES, KK KAPLAN, JE TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE PROPHYLAXIS OF PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA IN ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PHAIR, JP (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,680 N LAKE SHORE DR,SUITE 1106,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S128 EP S129 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600021 PM 8547504 ER PT J AU PHAIR, JP GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM AF PHAIR, JP GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK WILFERT, CM TI QUALITY STANDARDS FOR PREVENTING OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS RELATED TO HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. RP PHAIR, JP (reprint author), NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,680 N LAKE SHORE DR,SUITE 1106,CHICAGO,IL 60611, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S125 EP S125 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600019 PM 8547502 ER PT J AU PINNER, RW HAJJEH, RA POWDERLY, WG AF PINNER, RW HAJJEH, RA POWDERLY, WG TI PROSPECTS FOR PREVENTING CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AMPHOTERICIN-B; NEOFORMANS INFECTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MENINGITIS; FLUCONAZOLE; AIDS; SPECTRUM; ANTIGEN; ZAIRE; SERUM AB Cryptococcosis is a major cause of illness and death among persons infected with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). Its management must include both initial and maintenance treatment. Although most authorities favor an initial period of therapy with amphotericin B for acute cryptococcosis, the triazoles play a role in both the management of acute disease and subsequent maintenance therapy. AIDS surveillance data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention document the occurrence of cryptococcosis in more than 17,000 (6.2%) of adults with AIDS in the United States, although this figure is known to be an underestimate. The risk of cryptococcosis among HIV-infected persons is highest at CD4(+) lymphocyte counts of <100/mu L. Although cryptococcosis is especially frequent among AIDS patients who are black, male, or injection drug users, the explanations for these patterns remain unclear. Whether geographic differences in rates of cryptococcosis result from variations in the environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans as well as in the distribution of HIV infection is also unclear. Although exposure to pigeon feces is the best known of the putative exposure-related risk factors, proof is lacking that avian excreta are the primary environmental source of the organism in most cases of cryptococcosis. Prophylaxis with triazoles can prevent cryptococcosis and may be considered for adults and adolescents with CD4(+) counts of <50/mu L. However, it is uncertain whether prophylaxis will affect survival, be cost-effective, or have an adverse impact on the susceptibility of a variety of fungi to antifungal drugs. Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies designed to prevent or modify cryptococcosis in HIV-infected persons are in the experimental stage. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. RP PINNER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S103 EP S107 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600014 PM 8547496 ER PT J AU REEF, SE MAYER, KH AF REEF, SE MAYER, KH TI OPPORTUNISTIC CANDIDAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS - PREVENTION ISSUES AND PRIORITIES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT CANDIDA; HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND; AIDS; ALBICANS; THERAPY; COMPLEX AB Mucosal candidiasis (oropharyngeal, esophageal, and vulvovaginal candidiasis) has been among the most prominent opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Esophageal candidiasis, an AIDS-defining illness, accounted for 15% of the AIDS-defining illnesses in adults and adolescents diagnosed in the United States through 1992. The diagnosis of oropharyngeal and vaginal candidiasis is based on clinically consistent signs and symptoms and a positive culture or a positive gram, KOH, or calcofluor stain, whereas the diagnosis of esophageal and pulmonary candidiasis is based on histopathology. Although a prospective controlled trial showed that prophylaxis with fluconazole can reduce the risk of mucosal candidiasis in patients with advanced HIV disease, routine primary prophylaxis is not recommended because of the effectiveness of therapy for acute disease, the low mortality associated with mucosal candidiasis, the potential for development of drug-resistant candidal infection, and the cost of prophylaxis. The probability of recurrences increases as CD4 counts decline. Nonetheless, many experts do not recommend chronic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent oropharyngeal and vulvovaginal candidiasis, for the same reasons that primary prophylaxis is not recommended. However, if recurrences are frequent or severe following documented esophageal candidiasis, long-term suppressive therapy with fluconazole should be considered. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. BROWN UNIV, DEPT MED, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. BROWN UNIV, DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH, PROVIDENCE, RI 02912 USA. BROWN UNIV, MEM HOSP RHODE ISL, DIV INFECT DIS, PAWTUCKET, RI 02860 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S99 EP S102 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600013 PM 8547520 ER PT J AU REGNERY, RL CHILDS, JE KOEHLER, JE AF REGNERY, RL CHILDS, JE KOEHLER, JE TI INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BARTONELLA SPECIES IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE SP-NOV; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; PELIOSIS; ENDOCARDITIS; PATIENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; QUINTANA AB Two members of the genus Bartonella, Bartonella quintana (formerly Rochalimaea quintana) and Bartonella henselae (formerly Rochalimaea henselae), have recently been recognized as agents of severe or fatal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The development of infection with B. henselae in HIV-infected individuals has been associated with traumatic contact with cats (scratches or bites), and domestic cats have been identified as a major reservoir for this organism. Specific information regarding the transmission of B, henselae to humans is not yet available, but common-sense precautions that minimize exposure to cat-associated organisms are appropriate. Preliminary accounts suggest that B, quintana infections are more common than B, henselae infections among HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco, The source of infection with B, quintana and the mechanism of its transmission remain unknown. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DIV INFECT DIS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP REGNERY, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R29 AI36075] NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S94 EP S98 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600012 PM 8547519 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, FO KOVACS, JA LUFT, BJ AF RICHARDS, FO KOVACS, JA LUFT, BJ TI PREVENTING TOXOPLASMIC ENCEPHALITIS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WEEKLY DAPSONE-PYRIMETHAMINE; AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE; CEREBRAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; AIDS PATIENTS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS; COTRIMOXAZOLE; THERAPY AB Toxoplasmic encephalitis CTE) is the second most common AIDS-related opportunistic infection of the CNS. It occurs in 10%-50% of patients with AIDS who are seropositive for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and have CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts of <100/mm(3), Primary toxoplasmic infection usually is acquired by ingestion of T. gondii oocysts from soil contaminated by cat feces or by ingestion of tissue cysts present in undercooked red meats. In patients with AIDS, TE probably results from the reactivation of Toxoplasma tissue cysts that remained latent after the primary infection. Detection of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma indicates prior infection and the possible presence of tissue cysts and, thus, risk for developing TE, A regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxa-zole or dapsone plus pyrimethamine with leucovorin is recommended for persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who are seropositive for IgG to Toxoplasma after their CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts fall to <100/mm(3), HIV-infected persons who are seronegative for IgG to Toxoplasma should be counseled to protect themselves from primary toxoplasmic infection by eating only well-cooked meats and washing their hands after outdoor activities involving soil contact; if they have a cat, they should feed it only commercial or well-cooked foods, keep it indoors, and make sure that the litter box is changed daily, HN-infected persons who are Toxoplasma seropositive may also be advised about these preventive behavioral practices. C1 NIH, CTR CLIN, DEPT CRIT CARE MED, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. SUNY STONY BROOK, DEPT MED, STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA. RP RICHARDS, FO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S49 EP S56 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600005 PM 8547512 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ HUGHES, WT FEINBERG, J NAVIN, TR AF SIMONDS, RJ HUGHES, WT FEINBERG, J NAVIN, TR TI PREVENTING PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOLIZED PENTAMIDINE; TRIMETHOPRIM SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; CLUSTER; DAPSONE AB Although the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has declined, no decline in PCP incidence has been observed among HIV-infected children, and PCP remains the most common serious opportunistic infection among both adults and children in the United States. Some evidence of airborne transmission of P. carinii exists, and some clusters of cases of PCP have been reported; however, data are insufficient to recommend that persons with PCP be separated from immunosuppressed persons as a standard practice. The incidence of PCP can be reduced substantially if persons at risk for PCP are identified and receive adequate chemoprophylaxis. Several drugs and drug combinations are highly effective in preventing PCP, For both adults and children, oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is the preferred form of prophylaxis, Adverse effects are commonly associated with the use of TMP-SMZ and in some cases may necessitate withdrawal of the drug until the effects resolve. However, reintroduction at the same dose or at a lower and gradually increasing dose will often permit the continued use of TMP-SMZ. For persons intolerant of TMP-SMZ, dapsone alone and dapsone plus pyrimethamine are effective alternatives. A third alternative is aerosolized pentamidine, Additional drugs of unproven efficacy but of potential use in exceptional cases are available. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, DEPT INFECT DIS, MEMPHIS, TN 38105 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, DEPT MED, DEPT INFECT DIS, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, 1600 CLIFTON RD, MAILSTOP E-45, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S44 EP S48 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600004 PM 8547511 ER PT J AU STEWART, JA REEF, SE PELLETT, PE COREY, L WHITLEY, RJ AF STEWART, JA REEF, SE PELLETT, PE COREY, L WHITLEY, RJ TI HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; SIMPLEX VIRUSES; AIDS; ZOSTER; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; VARICELLA; CHILDREN; DISEASE; RISK; ZIDOVUDINE AB Herpesviruses are among the most common causes of infections of humans. Viruses in this family share the unique biological property of being able to establish latency and to recur, Furthermore, chronic excretion of virus is not uncommon, In the immunocompromised host, including persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, herpesvirus disease can be particularly severe, resulting in chronic, persistent, active infection and, in some cases, life-threatening disease. The most pathogenic of the herpesviruses in patients with AIDS include herpes simplex viruses, human cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus, Disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus, particularly opportunistic malignancies, has been recognized, A new herpesvirus that is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma was recently described. On the other hand, disease caused by human herpesviruses 6 and 7 in persons infected with HIV remains to be unequivocally recognized. Prevention of exposure to herpesviruses, disease, and recurrence requires different measures than those for some of the other opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients; this is because herpesvirus disease develops in most of these individuals as a result of reactivation rather than primary infection. Thus, approaches to the prevention and control of herpesvirus infections must be individualized according to both the type of virus as well as the type of infection (i.e., primary or recurrent). We discuss recommended measures for the prevention and control of these infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. RP STEWART, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 44 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S114 EP S120 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600017 PM 8547499 ER PT J AU VERNON, SD HOLMES, KK REEVES, WC AF VERNON, SD HOLMES, KK REEVES, WC TI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND ASSOCIATED DISEASE IN PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV-INFECTION; WOMEN; DYSPLASIA; RISK; CANCER AB Genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Genital or anal infection with oncogenic types of HPV, particularly types 16 and 18, can cause precancerous lesions of the squamous epithelium. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk for HPV-associated genital neoplasias in both women and men. Detectable cervical and anal HPV infection is more prevalent among women and men with HIV infection than among those who are HIV-seronegative, and the magnitude of the increase in prevalence is proportionate to the severity of immunosuppression. Coinfection with HIV and HPV increases the risk for genital intraepithelial neoplasia, and the increase in this risk also reflects the severity of immunosuppression. One difficulty complicating elucidation of the association between HIV and HPV infections is that the risk factors for acquisition and transmission of the two viruses are similar. The strength of this association represents a burgeoning health problem, yet there are no treatment guidelines aimed specifically at HIV-infected individuals with HPV-associated genital neoplasias. Treatment of HPV-associated cervical disease in HIV-infected women may be further complicated by a greater risk of treatment failure and recurrence than exists among HIV-seronegative women; it is not known whether dysplasia progresses to invasive disease more rapidly in women infected with HIV. A thorough understanding of the associations among HIV, HPV, and HPV-associated disease is essential to the development of effective strategies for intervention and prevention. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & STD,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP VERNON, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS G18,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S121 EP S124 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600018 PM 8547501 ER PT J AU WILFERT, CM GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE HOLMES, KK MASUR, H PHAIR, JP SIMONDS, RJ AF WILFERT, CM GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE HOLMES, KK MASUR, H PHAIR, JP SIMONDS, RJ TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE ENUMERATION OF CD4(+) LYMPHOCYTES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN EXPOSED TO OR INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP WILFERT, CM (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BOX 2951,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S134 EP S135 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600024 PM 8547507 ER PT J AU WILFERT, CM KAPLAN, JE GROSS, PA MASUR, H HOLMES, KK PHAIR, JP AF WILFERT, CM KAPLAN, JE GROSS, PA MASUR, H HOLMES, KK PHAIR, JP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN BORN TO WOMEN INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. RP WILFERT, CM (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BOX 2951,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S136 EP S137 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600025 PM 8547508 ER PT J AU WILFERT, CM MASUR, H GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE HOLMES, KK PHAIR, JP SIMONDS, RJ AF WILFERT, CM MASUR, H GROSS, PA KAPLAN, JE HOLMES, KK PHAIR, JP SIMONDS, RJ TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE PROPHYLAXIS OF PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN BORN TO WOMEN INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL. RP WILFERT, CM (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,BOX 2951,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 21 SU 1 BP S132 EP S133 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RN616 UT WOS:A1995RN61600023 PM 8547506 ER PT J AU Wamae, CN Lammie, PJ Muttunga, JN AF Wamae, CN Lammie, PJ Muttunga, JN TI Bancroftian filariasis: Profile of serum antifilarial antibody and circulating parasite antigen SO EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WUCHERERIA; IGG4; SPECIFICITY; INFECTION AB Forty-five serum specimens collected from persons living in a filaria-endemic community in Maili Nane, Coastal Kenya were analyzed by ELISA for levels of isotype specific antifilarial antibody and by Og4C3 ELISA for circulating parasite antigen. Mean levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 were lower in microfilaraemic persons than ire amicrofilaraemic individuals. In contrast, mean levels of antifilarial IgG4 were significantly higher in microfilaraemic persons (p = 0.0374). Serum samples from all microfilaremic persons were positive for circulating antigen as were 15% of samples from amicrofilaremic and asymptomatic persons, The Og4C3 antigen assay may have value as a technique for identifying and targeting communities for control efforts. C1 TULANE UNIV,DEPT PARASITOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. RP Wamae, CN (reprint author), KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CTR MICROBIOL RES,POB 54840,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL PI NAIROBI PA CHYULU ROAD PO BOX 41632, NAIROBI, KENYA SN 0012-835X J9 E AFR MED J JI East Afr. Med. J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 72 IS 8 BP 492 EP 494 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA TQ187 UT WOS:A1995TQ18700006 PM 7588141 ER PT J AU GELLERT, GA MAXWELL, RM HIGGINS, KV MAI, KK LOWERY, R DOLL, L AF GELLERT, GA MAXWELL, RM HIGGINS, KV MAI, KK LOWERY, R DOLL, L TI HIV AIDS KNOWLEDGE AND HIGH-RISK SEXUAL PRACTICES AMONG SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA VIETNAMESE SO GENITOURINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; VIETNAMESE AB Objectives - Vietnamese immigration to the US since the conclusion of the Vietnam War has been substantial and in Orange COunty, CA, Vietnamese Americans comprise 3% of the population (the largest community in the US). Our objective was to collect data on the HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and self-reported high risk behaviors within this community. Methods - A survey instrument was administered anonymously in Vietnamese to 532 respondents in their homes. Individuals from three population strata were randomly sampled: men 36 to 45 years old (N=193); men 36 to 45 years old (N=137); and women 18 to 35 years old (N=202). Data were gathered on: (1) degree of acculturation; (2) knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS; and (3) self-reported sexual and other high-risk practices. Results - Survey data indicated that 38% of respondents were very worried about a family member getting AIDS. Knowledge about actual modes of HIV transmission was generally accurate, but a substantial minority still believed that HIV can be transmitted through casual contact, and 68% from needles used in hospitals. Women demonstrated less accurate knowledge than men on five key items. Quarantine of the HIV infected was agreed to by 45%. Twenty-nine percent did not believe that the epidemic would affect them personally, and 49% stated that they did not have enough information about AIDS to protect themselves. Regarding sexual practices, 31% reported never having sex. Of the others, 8% had two or more sexual partners in the prior 12 months. No same sex behaviour was reported. Six percent of the men had visited a female prostitute; of these, 24% had visited 2 or more in the prior 12 months; half of the encounters in this time were outside the US. Substantial percentages of sexually active, unmarried respondents indicated that they sometimes never use (17-40%) or only sometimes (10-32%) condoms. Less than 1% had used injection drugs. Conclusions - Education should be targeted at the Vietnamese community of southern California to improve knowledge that HIV cannot be contracted through casual contact, to convey information about methods for self-protection, and to reduce high risk sexual practices such as unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners and sex with prostitutes. C1 ORANGE CO HLTH CARE AGCY, SANTA ANA, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP GELLERT, GA (reprint author), HLTH SCI EDUC CTR, PROJECT HOPE, MILLWOOD, VA 22646 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0266-4348 J9 GENITOURIN MED JI Genitourin. Med. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 71 IS 4 BP 216 EP 223 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Urology & Nephrology GA RN263 UT WOS:A1995RN26300003 PM 7590711 ER PT J AU Steckler, A Allegrante, JP Altman, D Brown, R Burdine, JN Goodman, RM Jorgensen, C AF Steckler, A Allegrante, JP Altman, D Brown, R Burdine, JN Goodman, RM Jorgensen, C TI Health education intervention strategies: Recommendations for future research SO HEALTH EDUCATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Meeting on Creating Capacity - Establishing a Health Education Research Agenda CY SEP 25-27, 1994 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Soc Public Hlth Educ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevention ID COMMUNITY-WIDE PREVENTION; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PATIENT EDUCATION; PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HEART-DISEASE; PSA CAMPAIGN; PROGRAM; PROMOTION AB While the ultimate goal of health education interventions is to positively influence health status, more proximal indicators of success are changes in intermediate outcomes, or impact. Because health education interventions work through intermediate outcomes, the linkage to health status is often assumed to be at a conceptual or theoretical level. The term health education intervention strategy is a heuristic device used to conceptualize and organize a large variety of activities. There is a wide range of studies and reports in the literature that either test specific intervention strategies or report on larger health education efforts combining several strategies. This article organizes the discussion to focus on individual-, community-, and policy-level interventions. Mass communications are also considered, and the authors comment on program planning issues that cut across specific interventions at the individual, community, and policy levels. Eleven recommendations are offered for future health education intervention research. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DIV HLTH SERV SCI & EDUC,NEW YORK,NY 10027. BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED,DEPT PUBL HLTH SCI,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27103. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR HLTH POLICY RES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. FELIX BURDINE & ASSOCIATES INC,ALLENTOWN,PA. UNIV S CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH PROMOT & EDUC,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP Steckler, A (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,302 ROSENAU HALL,CB 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. RI Burdine, James/C-9011-2015 OI Burdine, James/0000-0002-9164-7402 NR 119 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE SCIENCE PRESS PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0195-8402 J9 HEALTH EDUC QUART JI Health Educ. Q. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 22 IS 3 BP 307 EP 328 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UD811 UT WOS:A1995UD81100005 PM 7591787 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, KF SEITZ, TA LONON, MK WEBER, AM AF MARTINEZ, KF SEITZ, TA LONON, MK WEBER, AM TI APPLICATION OF CULTURABLE SAMPLING METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF WORKPLACE CONCENTRATIONS OF BIOAEROSOLS SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Temporal Aspects in Risk Assessment for Noncancer Endpoints CY APR 18-20, 1994 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH SP Tri Serv Toxicology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Natl Res Council Comm Toxicol ID HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; FUNGAL BIOMASS; ERGOSTEROL; WORKERS; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; CORN AB Case studies are presented demonstrating the utility of culturable air sampling methods as exposure assessment tools. These investigations included (1) plants that manufacture enzymes, (2) a paper mill, and (3) a large office building with a ventilation system contaminated with Penicillium. In the first case study, a comparison of total bacterial counts (in combination with identification and quantification of the production strain) from unit processes to background locations identified exposure sites. Additionally, a comparison of the sampling results across the three manufacturing plants (among similar processes) identified effective control strategies based on the containment capabilities of the various technologies. This evaluative framework was also successfully applied in the second and third case studies. In combination with the identification and quantification of suspect microorganisms, emission patterns were identified to known immunologically active agents. In the second case study, elevated levels of Thermoactinomyces species were documented in the transfer tower and the biomass storage building. In the third case study, Penicillium from a contaminated ventilation system was identified as the predominant fungus in the indoor air. Current sampling methodologies for microbiological agents in ambient air are limited in their ability to comprehensively characterize personal exposures. However, these air sampling methods provide information that can be used to propose theories concerning agent dissemination and effectiveness of exposure control methods. In addition, when combined with medical and epidemiologic evidence, the collected data can help to establish causal relationships between exposures and symptoms. C1 NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MARTINEZ, KF (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS R11,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1995 VL 7 IS 6 BP 947 EP 959 DI 10.3109/08958379509012802 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RQ508 UT WOS:A1995RQ50800011 ER PT J AU ONORATO, IM KLASKALA, W MORGAN, WM WITHUM, D AF ONORATO, IM KLASKALA, W MORGAN, WM WITHUM, D TI PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE, AND RISKS FOR HIV-1 INFECTION IN FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN MIAMI, FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FEMALE SEX WORKERS; PROSTITUTES; HIV INCIDENCE; HIV SEROPREVALENCE SURVEYS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; SEROPREVALENCE; PROSTITUTES AB Annual cross-sectional prevalence, incidence of new infection, and risks for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection were studied in 607 women convicted of prostitution between October 1987 and December 1990 and tested for HIV under court order. Cross-sectional prevalence was stable for 4 years (23-24% positivity in 1987-1991, p = 0.6). However, the incidence of new infections (rate of seroconversion) in 264 women tested more than once increased significantly each year from 12 per 100 person-years in 1987-1988 to 19 per 100 person-years in 1991 (p < 0.03). Seroconverters were more likely to be young black women with a prior history of syphilis or gonorrhea. A new episode of syphilis or rectal gonorrhea during the follow-up period predicted HIV seroconversion in a survival analysis model. Female sex workers are at great risk of acquiring HIV infection. Although HIV prevalence in cross-sectional samples was stable, incidence was increasing, Interpretation of prevalence trends from convenience samples, such as screening programs, may be difficult because changes in incidence may not be detected. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MIAMI,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,MIAMI,FL 33152. DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,MIAMI,FL. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 395 EP 400 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RK228 UT WOS:A1995RK22800010 PM 7600107 ER PT J AU PENLAND, C SARDESHMUKH, PD AF PENLAND, C SARDESHMUKH, PD TI ERROR AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF GEOPHYSICAL EIGENSYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article AB The first-order perturbation technique is reviewed as a tool for investigating the error and sensitivity of results obtained from the eigenanalysis of geophysical systems. Expressions are provided for the change in a system's eigenfunctions (e.g., normal modes) and their periods and growth rates associated with a small change delta L in the system matrix L. In the context of data analysis, these expressions can be used to estimate changes or uncertainties in the eigenstructure of matrices involving the system's covariance statistics. Their application is illustrated in the problems of 1) updating a subset of the empirical orthogonal functions and their eigenvalues when more data become available, 2) estimating uncertainties in the growth rate and spatial structure of the singular vectors of a linear dynamical system, and 3) estimating uncertainties in the period, growth rate, and spatial structure of the normal modes of a linear dynamical system. The linear system considered in examples 2 and 3 is an empirical stochastic-dynamic model of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) evolution derived from 35 years of SST observations in the tropical Indo-Pacific basin. Thus, the system matrix L is empirically derived. Estimates of the uncertainty in L, required for estimating the uncertainties in the singular vectors and normal modes, are obtained from a long Monte Carlo simulation. The analysis suggests that the singular vectors, which represent optimal initial structures for SST anomaly growth, are more reliably determined from the 35 years of observed data than are the individual normal modes of the system. RP PENLAND, C (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,CIRES,CDC,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 8 IS 8 BP 1988 EP 1998 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1988:EASAOG>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RN694 UT WOS:A1995RN69400006 ER PT J AU SCHAUER, DB ZABEL, BA PEDRAZA, IF OHARA, CM STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ AF SCHAUER, DB ZABEL, BA PEDRAZA, IF OHARA, CM STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ TI GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF CITROBACTER-RODENTIUM SP-NOV SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MURINE COLONIC HYPERPLASIA; TRANSFER-RNA GENE; EAE GENE; FREUNDII BIOTYPE; RETROELEMENT; CLONING; CELLS; LOCUS AB An unusual bacterial pathogen of laboratory mice has been previously classified as an atypical biotype of Citrobacter freundii, Designated C, freundii biotype 4280, this bacterium is the etiologic agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia An eaeA gene has been shown to be present in this organism and to be necessary for virulence in laboratory mice. However, other biotypes of C, freundii lack DNA homology with the eaeA gene, Because of the recent reclassification in which five named species and three unnamed species, all previously considered C, freundii, were described, we determined the taxonomic status of C, freundii biotype 4280, With a battery of biochemical tests and DNA relatedness studies, three isolates of C. freundii biotype 4280 were shown to be members of an unnamed Citrobacter species, designated species 9. In total, six isolates of Citrobacter species 9, but none of the type strains of the other eight named species or of the two remaining unnamed species of Citrobacter, were shown to possess DNA homology with both the eaeA and the eaeB genes. Species 9 was named Citrobacter rodentium sp. nov. C1 MIT,DIV COMPARAT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHAUER, DB (reprint author), MIT,DIV TOXICOL,ROOM E18-564,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63112] NR 25 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2064 EP 2068 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RJ052 UT WOS:A1995RJ05200018 PM 7559949 ER PT J AU ROPP, SL JIN, Q KNIGHT, JC MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ AF ROPP, SL JIN, Q KNIGHT, JC MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ TI PCR STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SMALLPOX AND OTHER ORTHOPOXVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; RACCOON POXVIRUS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DNA; VARIOLA; SEQUENCE; GENOME; VIRULENCE; PROTEIN; VIRION AB Rapid identification and differentiation of orthopoxviruses by PCR were achieved with primers based on genome sequences encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, an infected-cell membrane antigen that distinguishes orthopoxviruses from other poxvirus genera. The initial identification step used a primer pair of consensus sequences for amplifying an HA DNA fragment from the three known North American orthopoxviruses (raccoonpox, skunkpox, and volepox viruses), and a second pair for amplifying virtually the entire HA open reading frame of the Eurasian-African orthopoxviruses (variola, vaccinia, cowpox, monkeypox, camelpox, ectromelia, and gerbilpox viruses). RsaI digest electropherograms of the amplified DNAs of the former subgroup provided species differentiation, and TaqI digests differentiated the Eurasian-African orthopoxviruses, including vaccinia virus from the vaccinia virus subspecies buffalopox virus. Endonuclease HhaI digest patterns distinguished smallpox variola major viruses from alastrim variola minor viruses. For the Eurasian-African orthopoxviruses, a confirmatory step that used a set of higher-sequence-homology primers was developed to provide sensitivity to discern individual virus HA DNAs from cross-contaminated orthopoxvirus DNA samples; TaqI and HhaI digestions of the individual amplified HA DNAs confirmed virus identity. Finally, a set of primers and modified PCR conditions were developed on the basis of base sequence differences within the HA genes of the 10 species, which enabled production of a single DNA fragment of a particular size that indicated the specific species. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 49 TC 145 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2069 EP 2076 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RJ052 UT WOS:A1995RJ05200019 PM 7559950 ER PT J AU CLARRIDGE, JE RAICH, TJ PIRWANI, D SIMON, B TSAI, L RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC REGNERY, R ZOLLO, A JONES, DC RAMBO, C AF CLARRIDGE, JE RAICH, TJ PIRWANI, D SIMON, B TSAI, L RODRIGUEZBARRADAS, MC REGNERY, R ZOLLO, A JONES, DC RAMBO, C TI STRATEGY TO DETECT AND IDENTIFY BARTONELLA SPECIES IN ROUTINE CLINICAL LABORATORY YIELDS BARTONELLA-HENSELAE FROM HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-POSITIVE PATIENT AND UNIQUE BARTONELLA STRAIN FROM HIS CAT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV; SCRATCH DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; PELIOSIS; ENDOCARDITIS; BACTEREMIA; QUINTANA AB We wished to develop a cost-effective, rapid strategy to detect and identify Bartonella species in the clinical laboratory and to determine the prevalence of Bartonella infection in the Houston veteran population. Bartonella colonies were identified by colony morphology, Gram stain, RapID ANA, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) and whole-cell fatty acid (CFA) analysis, and these methods were compared for their usefulness. A new test order for ''Rochalimaea culture'' (the genus Bartonella was previously known as the genus Rochalimaea) was instituted, and in addition, all blood specimens submitted for fungal culture (obtained in an isolator tube) were processed for Bartonella culture. Over a 16-month period we isolated Bartonella henselae from only 0.4% (2 of 533) of total cultures but from 1% (2 of 204) of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. After sufficient growth, identification of the Bartonella isolates to the species level could be obtained in 2 days. The REP-PCR allowed discrimination of all known species, whereas CFA analysis distinguished all except B. henselae and Bartonella quintana. The RapID ANA results failed to differentiate between B. henselae and B. quintana, and results for other species differed by only one or two tests. Blood obtained from a kitten which had been introduced into the household of one patient 2 months before the onset of fever yielded a Bartonella strain which was shown to be different from the strain from the patient and distinct from other Bartonella species by a combination of REP-PCR, CFA, and growth characteristics. Subsequent analysis of the citrate synthase gene sequence showed only an 86% similarity with any of the other known Bartonella species, suggesting that this isolate represents a distinct, previously uncharacterized species of Bartonella. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,MED SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CLARRIDGE, JE (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LAB SERV 113,2002 HOLCOMBE BLVD,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 31 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2107 EP 2113 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RJ052 UT WOS:A1995RJ05200026 PM 7559957 ER PT J AU KAUFMAN, L STANDARD, PG ANDERSON, SA JALBERT, M SWISHER, BL AF KAUFMAN, L STANDARD, PG ANDERSON, SA JALBERT, M SWISHER, BL TI DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFIC FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST FOR TISSUE FORM OF PENICILLIUM-MARNEFFEI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; GALACTOMANNAN AB The diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei can be difficult because the clinical manifestations mimic those of tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, and other mycotic infections, Furthermore, the tissue form of Penicillium marneffei can be confused with those of Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans, To facilitate the rapid detection and identification of P. marneffei in clinical materials, we sought to develop a specific indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) reagent for this dimorphic pathogen, Preliminary IFA studies with yeast-like cells (fission arthroconidia) of P. marneffei indicated that these cellular elements stained with antiglobulins against culture filtrate antigens and whole yeast-like cellular antigens, Both types of antiglobulins reacted with the yeast-like cells of P. marneffei and with H. capsulatum, but not with their respective mycelial forms. The antiglobulins also failed to react with the yeast and hyphal forms of a variety of other heterologous fungi. Specific antiglobulins useful in an IFA test for identifying P. marneffei yeast-like cells in culture or in clinical materials were produced by adsorptions with yeast-form cells of H, capsulatum, The yeast-like culture filtrate antigens of P, marneffei are preferred for use in the production of the specific antiglobulins because they stained P. marneffei yeast-like elements more intensely than antiglobulins produced against intact yeast-like cells. RP KAUFMAN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MS-G11,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 33 IS 8 BP 2136 EP 2138 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RJ052 UT WOS:A1995RJ05200031 PM 7559962 ER PT J AU RISCO, C CARRASCOSA, JL PEDREGOSA, AM HUMPHREY, CD SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A AF RISCO, C CARRASCOSA, JL PEDREGOSA, AM HUMPHREY, CD SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A TI ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HUMAN ASTROVIRUS SEROTYPE-2 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA SEQUENCE; CELL-LINE; VIRUSES; GASTROENTERITIS; CLASSIFICATION; CALICIVIRUSES; INFECTION; SAMPLES; FECES AB The ultrastructure of human astrovirus serotype 2 (H-Ast2) grown in cell culture was analysed by electron microscopy of thin sections and negatively stained preparations. Infected LLCMK2 cells, as visualized in thin sections, contained cytoplasmic aggregates of dense or hollow-cored particles that aggregated in quasicrystalline arrays and were specifically labelled using a rabbit polyclonal anti-Ast2 antiserum. H-Ast2 particles from the supernatant of infected LLCMK2 cells in thin sections after flat-embedding were similar in size to intracellular virions. In negatively stained preparations, these virus particles had an external diameter of 41 nm and exhibited a well defined layer of surface spikes. Pentagonal and hexagonal contours were occasionally visible, and probably correspond to the projections of icosahedral structures. Star-like morphologies and particles with surface triangular hollows were seen in dark areas of the preparations only after a short treatment of the viruses at pH 10. Incubation of the viruses at pH 10.5 induced a rapid disassembly of the virus particles. The finding that the particles with icosahedral geometry and surface spikes are fully infective allows an alternative morphological model to the traditional one for astroviruses to be proposed. C1 CSIC,CTR NACL BIOTECNOL,E-28049 MADRID,SPAIN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL MICROBIOL,E-28220 MADRID,SPAIN. NR 27 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 BP 2075 EP 2080 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-8-2075 PN 8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RN950 UT WOS:A1995RN95000023 PM 7636490 ER PT J AU MATHESON, PB ABRAMS, EJ THOMAS, PA HERNAN, MA THEA, DM LAMBERT, G KRASINSKI, K BAMJI, M ROGERS, MF HEAGARTY, M AF MATHESON, PB ABRAMS, EJ THOMAS, PA HERNAN, MA THEA, DM LAMBERT, G KRASINSKI, K BAMJI, M ROGERS, MF HEAGARTY, M TI EFFICACY OF ANTENATAL ZIDOVUDINE IN REDUCING PERINATAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRIAL AB New York City women (321) enrolled during 1986-1993 in an observational cohort study were analyzed retrospectively to determine the effectiveness of antenatal zidovudine in reducing perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in women with various CD4(+) lymphocyte counts (<200, 200-499, >499/mu L). When CD4(+) lymphocyte level was controlled for, women prescribed zidovudine during pregnancy were less likely to transmit HIV-1 to their infants (adjusted odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.92), There was no conclusive evidence that efficacy of zidovudine depended on CD4(+) lymphocyte level, suggesting that women with severe CD4(+) cell depression, who are at highest risk of transmitting HIV-1, may also benefit from zidovudine. Antenatal zidovudine treatment alone may substantially lower the risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. These data are consistent with the results of AIDS Clinical Trial Group protocol 076 and suggest that a substantial portion of zidovudine's protective effect may occur when used during the antenatal period. C1 HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. BRONX LEBANON HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY. NYU,BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. METROPOLITAN HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CIBEST,RES CTR,MADRID,SPAIN. RP MATHESON, PB (reprint author), MED & HLTH RES ASSOC NYC INC,MIT NYC PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISS COLLABORAT GRP,ROOM 720,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. FU PHS HHS [64 CCU 200937] NR 19 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 353 EP 358 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RK464 UT WOS:A1995RK46400004 PM 7622877 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GL PAUL, WS SCHRIEFER, ME CRAVEN, RB ROBBINS, KE DENNIS, DT AF CAMPBELL, GL PAUL, WS SCHRIEFER, ME CRAVEN, RB ROBBINS, KE DENNIS, DT TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES OF PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED EARLY LYME-DISEASE, MISSOURI, 1990-1993 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI SPIROCHAETALES; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS LESIONS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; NORTH-CAROLINA; TICKS ACARI; IXODIDAE AB A retrospective case-control study investigated 45 Missouri outpatients with annular rashes meeting a surveillance case definition for erythema migrans and with onset in 1990-1991. Risk factors included being male, living near a body of water, and hunting. Twenty patients (44%) associated their rash with the bite of a tick; of these, 5 described an adult Amblyomma americanum. A typical rash was described as expanding over time and measuring 8 cm in diameter at 4 days after onset. Mild constitutional symptoms were common but fever was uncommon, Serologic tests failed to incriminate Borrelia burgdorferi or selected other arthropodborne pathogens. Skin specimens from suspected erythema migrans lesions of 23 Missouri patients sampled prospectively in 1991-1993 were culture-negative for B. burgdorferi. Thus, tick bite-associated annular rashes in Missouri remain idiopathic. Possible causes include infection with a novel A. americanum-transmitted pathogen and an atypical toxic or immunologic reaction to tick-associated proteins. RP CAMPBELL, GL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 54 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 470 EP 480 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RK464 UT WOS:A1995RK46400020 PM 7622891 ER PT J AU PARDI, D COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB AF PARDI, D COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB TI MAPPING OF LINEAR EPITOPES OF THE REGULATORY PROTEINS OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS (HTLV) TYPE-II - IDENTIFICATION OF AN HTLV-IIB-RESTRICTED EPITOPE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SUBTYPE-B AB Epitope mapping analyses using synthetic peptides representing the RexII and TaxII proteins identified predominant seroreactivity to the carboxyl terminus of the HTLV-IIG12 TaxII protein (G12Tax 22-G12Tax24, amino acids [aa] 312-356). Moderate reactivity to only 1 RexII peptide (G12Rex9, aa 121-140) was found, while all other RexII and TaxII peptides exhibited minimal reactivity. Peptide G12Tax24 (aa 337-356) corresponded to the extended portion of the TaxII protein characteristic of HTLV-IIb viruses and appeared to represent an HTLV-IIb-restricted epitope. This study showed that this peptide can be used in immunoassays as a quick, simple serologic tool for assessing the minimal number of HTLV-IIb viruses present within specific populations, especially when genomic DNA is not available. C1 NIAID,MOLEC STRUCT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP PARDI, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-19,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 554 EP 557 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RK464 UT WOS:A1995RK46400034 PM 7622904 ER PT J AU HAMILTON, DH ZANGWILL, KM HADLER, JL CARTTER, ML AF HAMILTON, DH ZANGWILL, KM HADLER, JL CARTTER, ML TI CAT-SCRATCH-DISEASE - CONNECTICUT, 1992-1993 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB A prospective population-based surveillance system was established to characterize the epidemiology of cat-scratch disease (CSD) among residents of Connecticut who were reported to the state health department with a diagnosis of suspected CSD. During 1992 and 1993, 246 persons met the case definition, for an average statewide annual incidence of 3.7/100,000 persons, The median age of patients with CSD was 14 years (range, 1-64), and 52% were female. The age-specific attack rate was highest among persons <10 years of age (9.3/100,000) and decreased with increasing age, Symptoms in addition to adenopathy were noted by 74% of case-patients. Eleven percent of all case-patients were hospitalized. There were no deaths. Most patients with clinically diagnosed CSD developed an immunologic response to Bartonella species. Our data suggest that although CSD is primarily a disease of younger persons, the age spectrum is wider than was commonly appreciated. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV,HARTFORD,CT. CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH,PROGRAM EPIDEMIOL,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAMS OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HAMILTON, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INT BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 172 IS 2 BP 570 EP 573 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RK464 UT WOS:A1995RK46400038 PM 7622908 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE AF CHILDS, JE TI SPECIAL FEATURE - ZOONOSES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 663 EP 663 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RQ811 UT WOS:A1995RQ81100001 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE MILLS, JN GLASS, GE AF CHILDS, JE MILLS, JN GLASS, GE TI RODENT-BORNE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUSES - A SPECIAL RISK FOR MAMMALOGISTS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Review DE BUNYAVIRIDAE; ARENAVIRIDAE; ZOONOSES; HANTAVIRUS RESERVOIR; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME ID PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HANTAAN-LIKE VIRUS; RENAL SYNDROME; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; UNITED-STATES; LASSA FEVER; JUNIN VIRUS; LABORATORY RATS; NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA AB We review two groups of taxonomically unrelated viruses that share similarities in host preference and transmission routes to humans and pose a risk for mammalogists working with rodents. The rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever viruses in the Arenaviridae and Bunyaviridae are widely distributed on most continents where rodents occur. Their geographic distribution usually exceeds the distribution of the recognized human diseases they cause and has resulted from either natural coevolutionary events or the dissemination of viral passengers traveling with introduced mammalian hosts. Diseases of humans caused by these agents are among the most severe and most frequently fatal of zoonotic diseases. These viruses show remarkable specialization in the limited number of rodent species in which they naturally occur and frequently establish persistent infections in individual hosts that can result in variable effects on growth, reproduction, and survival of hosts. Our knowledge of these viruses, their hosts and geographical range, and the pathophysiological consequences of infection are incompletely understood and offer a rich area of study for naturalists interested in host-parasite coevolution. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 111 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 664 EP 680 DI 10.2307/1382739 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RQ811 UT WOS:A1995RQ81100002 ER PT J AU KREBS, JW WILSON, ML CHILDS, JE AF KREBS, JW WILSON, ML CHILDS, JE TI RABIES - EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVENTION, AND FUTURE-RESEARCH SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE RABIES; LYSSAVIRUS; RHABDOVIRIDAE; ZOONOSES ID MOKOLA VIRUS; INFECTION; RECOVERY; TRANSMISSION; DOGS AB Rabies is caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus, maintained in nature by a variety of animal reservoirs. Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, resulting in progressive encephalopathy and ultimately death in an infected human. Globally, the risk of contracting rabies for humans is greatest in regions of the developing world where dog rabies is enzootic. Where rabies in dogs has been eliminated or otherwise controlled through vaccination programs, the disease can be maintained by wildlife. Wildlife primarily involved in maintenance of transmission cycles are carnivores and bats. Persons having frequent contact with wildlife, such as mammalogists, are at greater risk than the general population for exposure to rabid animals. Rabies prevention can be achieved by elimination of exposure and by vaccination through preexposure prophylaxis and postexposure treatment. Preexposure rabies prophylaxis affords a measure of protection for unrecognized rabies exposures and simplifies postexposure treatment. Postexposure treatment is recommended following exposure to a potentially rabid animal and involves treatment of wound and administration of rabies vaccine as well as rabies immune globulin for individuals not previously vaccinated. Future research on rabies is necessary to define the effects of infection on wildlife populations and to evaluate the potential for intervening in wildlife transmission using oral rabies vaccines. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. RP KREBS, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 56 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 681 EP 694 DI 10.2307/1382740 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RQ811 UT WOS:A1995RQ81100003 ER PT J AU GAGE, KL OSTFELD, RS OLSON, JG AF GAGE, KL OSTFELD, RS OLSON, JG TI NONVIRAL VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOSES ASSOCIATED WITH MAMMALS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Review DE NONVIRAL ZOONOSES; VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOSES; MAMMALS; ECTOPARASITES ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; PLAGUE YERSINIA-PESTIS; MEDIUM-SIZED MAMMALS; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; LOS-ANGELES COUNTY; SOUTHERN NEW-YORK; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; Q-FEVER; PEROMYSCUS-LEUCOPUS AB Interest in vector-borne zoonoses has increased during the past few years as new disease agents have been identified and old ones have re-emerged due to important changes in their ecology or epidemiology. This article reviews nonviral vector-borne zoonoses that occur in the United States and are associated with mammals and their ectoparasites. The zoonoses discussed in this review include plague, tularemia, Lyme disease, tick-borne relapsing fevers, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rickettsialpox, louse-borne typhus, flea-borne typhus, Q fever, and human ehrlichiosis. C1 INST ECOSYST STUDIES,MILLBROOK,NY 12545. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GAGE, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 120 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 695 EP 715 DI 10.2307/1382741 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RQ811 UT WOS:A1995RQ81100004 ER PT J AU MILLS, JN YATES, TL CHILDS, JE PARMENTER, RR KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ AF MILLS, JN YATES, TL CHILDS, JE PARMENTER, RR KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ TI GUIDELINES FOR WORKING WITH RODENTS POTENTIALLY INFECTED WITH HANTAVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE HANTAVIRUS; LABORATORY COLONIES; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; SAFETY; NECROPSY; PEROMYSCUS; SIGMODON ID UNITED-STATES AB Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and the possibility of aerosol transmission of hantaviruses, persons handling known reservoir species in the field, laboratory, or classroom should take special precautions to minimize the risk of infection. We provide specific guidelines for personal safety while trapping, handling and releasing, transporting, sampling, and performing necropsy on potentially infected rodents or teaching field classes in areas occupied by reservoir species. Special consideration should be given to respiratory protection, choice and use of disinfectants, decontamination of instruments and traps, proper disposal of infectious wastes, and preservation and shipment of samples intended for hantavirus testing. Precautionary testing of wild rodents used to start laboratory colonies is recommended. Although we specifically address hantaviruses, the procedures described are applicable for any study of populations of small mammals when an infectious zoonotic agent transmissible by aerosol and capable of causing high morbidity and mortality is involved. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MUSEUM SW BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP MILLS, JN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 16 TC 135 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 76 IS 3 BP 716 EP 722 DI 10.2307/1382742 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA RQ811 UT WOS:A1995RQ81100005 ER PT J AU BARNHART, ER MAGGIO, VL ALEXANDER, LR PATTERSON, DG KESNER, L GELBAUM, LT ASH, RJ AF BARNHART, ER MAGGIO, VL ALEXANDER, LR PATTERSON, DG KESNER, L GELBAUM, LT ASH, RJ TI FAST-ATOM-BOMBARDMENT MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION OF DIMERIC PEPTIDES IN BACITRACIN PREPARATIONS SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID ANTIBIOTICS; COMPONENTS C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT BIOCHEM,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,CTR BIOTECHNOL,NMR LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30032. WASHBURN UNIV,DEPT BIOL,TOPEKA,KS 66621. RP BARNHART, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1201 EP 1203 DI 10.1002/jms.1190300819 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA RN313 UT WOS:A1995RN31300018 ER PT J AU KOOPMANS, M SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D PATTON, J STEWART, J AF KOOPMANS, M SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D PATTON, J STEWART, J TI EVALUATION OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY DETECTION IN URINE SPECIMENS FROM CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CONGENITAL; URINE; ANTIBODY ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BETA-2 MICROGLOBULIN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; VIRUS; SAMPLES; PROTEINS; ENVELOPE; CELLS AB Fetal infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading viral cause of brain damage among newborns at birth or later in life. Efforts to screen newborns routinely for shedding of the virus by immunoassay have-been hampered by inhibitors in urine, reportedly the host protein beta2-microglobulin (beta 2m). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of HCMV antigen in which the reactivity was not affected by the presence of beta 2m, but nevertheless inhibition was observed when urine samples with high levels of virus were tested. The presence of antibodies to HCMV was demonstrated in these urine samples by antibody ELISA and immunoblot using the major antigenic protein of HCMV (pp150) expressed in Escherichia coli; this offers an alternative explanation for the inhibition in ELISA. The presence of HCMV antibodies correlated significantly with congenital HCMV infection (as detected by tissue culture isolation of virus from urine samples of newborns), especially with asymptomatic cases (sensitivity 70%; specificity 94%). The data indicate a local (renal) immune response to HCMV in congenitally infected children, which may have future diagnostic applications. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 46 IS 4 BP 321 EP 328 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890460406 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RL768 UT WOS:A1995RL76800005 PM 7595408 ER PT J AU WAXWEILER, RJ THURMAN, D SNIEZEK, J SOSIN, D ONEIL, J AF WAXWEILER, RJ THURMAN, D SNIEZEK, J SOSIN, D ONEIL, J TI MONITORING THE IMPACT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY - A REVIEW AND UPDATE SO JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Head Injury 1994 - International Symposium on Head Injury Research CY OCT 12-14, 1994 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Head Injury Res Program, George Washington Univ DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; BRAIN INJURY; ETIOLOGY; INCIDENCE ID HEAD-INJURY; POPULATION; COUNTY; DEATHS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,OFF STAT PROGRAMMING & GRAPH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP WAXWEILER, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0897-7151 J9 J NEUROTRAUM JI J. Neurotrauma PD AUG PY 1995 VL 12 IS 4 BP 509 EP 516 DI 10.1089/neu.1995.12.509 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RY920 UT WOS:A1995RY92000002 PM 8683602 ER PT J AU ORLOSKI, KA EIDSON, M AF ORLOSKI, KA EIDSON, M TI YERSINIA-PESTIS INFECTION IN 3 DOGS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CANINE SPECIES; PLAGUE; YERSINIA PESTIS; ZOONOTIC DISEASES ID PLAGUE; CATS AB Yersinia pestis infection was diagnosed in 3 dogs. Clinical signs included lethargy (3 dogs), pyrexia (2 dogs), and a purulent skin lesion in the cervical region (2 dogs). Yersinia pestis infection is a potentially fatal zoonotic disease of human beings. Human cases have resulted from contact with infected domestic cats; however, the risk of human infection from contact with infected domestic dogs is unknown. Dogs frequently are exposed to Y pestis in areas in which there are plague epizootics; however, clinical illness in dogs is rare. In the western United States, where Yersinia pestis is endemic, plague should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining dogs with nonspecific fever and lethargy. C1 NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL EVALUAT & PLANNING,SANTA FE,NM 87502. RP ORLOSKI, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 207 IS 3 BP 316 EP 318 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA RL315 UT WOS:A1995RL31500012 PM 7628931 ER PT J AU GINDLER, J AF GINDLER, J TI RECOMMENDED CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE UNITED-STATES - 1995 SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION AB The need for a single childhood immunization schedule prompted the unification of previous vaccine recommendations made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), In addition to presenting the newly recommended schedule for the administration of childhood vaccines, this article addresses the previous differences between the AAP and ACIP schedules, and provides the rationale for changing previous recommendations. RP GINDLER, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 87 IS 8 BP 537 EP 543 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP293 UT WOS:A1995RP29300006 PM 7674342 ER PT J AU INOUE, N PELLETT, PE AF INOUE, N PELLETT, PE TI HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6B ORIGIN-BINDING PROTEIN - DNA-BINDING DOMAIN AND CONSENSUS BINDING SEQUENCE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS-1; REPLICATION; UL9; PRODUCT; ORIS AB We previously demonstrated by a DNA-binding assay that the human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) replication origin has a structure similar to those of alphaherpesviruses, although the HHV-6B and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) origin-binding proteins (OBPs) and origins are not interchangeable. Here we describe additional properties of the interaction between HHV-6B OBP and the HHV-6B origin. Competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with DNA duplexes containing single-base alterations allowed deduction of a consensus DNA sequence for HHV-6B-specific OBP binding, YGWYCWCCY, where Y is T or C and W is T or A, while that for HSV-1-specific binding was reported to be YGYTCGCACT. By EMSA, the HHV-6B OBP DNA-binding domain was mapped to a segment containing amino acids 482 to 770. However, in Southwestern (protein-DNA) blotting, the region sufficient for the DNA binding encompassed only amino acids 657 to 770. Similarly, Southwestern blotting showed that amino acids 689 to 851 of HSV-1 OBP had HSV-1 origin-binding activity, although this region was insufficient for origin binding in the EMSA. Although the longer DNA-binding domains identified by EMSA have marginal overall homology among HHV-6B and alphaherpesvirus OBP homologs, the smaller regions sufficient for the binding observed by Southwestern blotting have significant similarity, From these results, we propose a hypothesis that the DNA-binding domain of herpesvirus OBPs consists of two subdomains, one containing a conserved motif that contacts DNA directly, and another, less well conserved, that may modulate either the conformation or accessibility of the binding domain. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP INOUE, N (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,DEPT VIROL 1,SHINJUKU KU,1-23-1 TOYAMA,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4619 EP 4627 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA RH854 UT WOS:A1995RH85400004 PM 7609026 ER PT J AU LODMELL, DL SMITH, JS ESPOSITO, JJ EWALT, LC AF LODMELL, DL SMITH, JS ESPOSITO, JJ EWALT, LC TI CROSS-PROTECTION OF MICE AGAINST A GLOBAL SPECTRUM OF RABIES VIRUS VARIANTS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC VARIANTS; RECOMBINANT VIRUS; ORAL VACCINATION; VACCINIA VIRUS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION; FOXES; EXPRESSION AB Rabies, a continuing worldwide problem, kills tens of thousands of people and millions of animals each year. The problem is most severe in developing countries, where cell culture-derived vaccines are unaffordable and the available nervous tissue-derived vaccines are often of questionable immunogenicity and may produce neurological complications. To determine the feasibility of developing a vaccine with worldwide applicability, we investigated whether recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either the glycoprotein (G), the nucleoprotein (N), or both the G and N (GN) of the challenge virus strain (CVS) of rabies virus would cross protect mice against 17 rabies virus isolates representing the spectrum of rabies virus variants found worldwide. The results were compared with the commercially available human diploid cell vaccine (HDVC). Among mice injected with any of the 17 viruses, greater than or equal to 95% were protected by vaccination with recombinant viruses expressing G or GN, and greater than or equal to 85% of the mice were protected by the HDCV. The recombinant virus expressing N was less protective, protecting against only 11 of the 17 viruses. Antibody prepared against the G of the strains used in the vaccines neutralized all 17 viruses, and sera from mice infected with any one virus variant cross-neutralized all of the other viruses, Thus, no antigenic differences that would potentiate vaccine failures were identified. These studies suggest that a single rabies virus strain or its G would protect globally against wild-type rabies viruses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LODMELL, DL (reprint author), NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,PERSISTENT VIRAL DIS LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840, USA. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 69 IS 8 BP 4957 EP 4962 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA RH854 UT WOS:A1995RH85400045 PM 7609065 ER PT J AU BURWEN, DR OLSEN, SM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ REID, MH JARVIS, WR AF BURWEN, DR OLSEN, SM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ REID, MH JARVIS, WR TI EPIDEMIC ALUMINUM INTOXICATION IN HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS TRACED TO USE OF AN ALUMINUM PUMP SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID DIALYSIS ENCEPHALOPATHY; REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS; WATER; TOXICITY; SUCRALFATE; FRACTURES; DEMENTIA AB This study was designed to identify the source, risk factors, and clinical consequences of an outbreak of aluminum intoxication in hemodialysis patients using case-control and cohort studies. In 1991, a dialysis center in Pennsylvania [Dialysis Center A (DCA)] identified a number of patients with elevated serum aluminum levels. All patients receiving dialysis at DCA during January 1, 1987 to March 26, 1992 were involved in the study. A case-patient was defined as any patient with a serum aluminum level greater than or equal to 100 mu g/liter after greater than or equal to 5 dialysis sessions at DCA. Fifty-nine case-patients were identified. Risk factors for elevated serum aluminum levels were receipt of bicarbonate- (rather than acetate-) based dialysate, higher number of sessions using bicarbonate dialysis, receipt of acid concentrate (used in bicarbonate dialysis) passed through one of two electric pumps, and a greater number of sessions using this concentrate. The electric pumps had an aluminum casing, casing cover, and impeller. Elevated levels of aluminum were found in acid concentrate after passing through a pump. Seizures and mental status changes requiring hospitalization were associated with aluminum exposure. We found that epidemic aluminum intoxication was caused by the use of an electric pump with aluminum housing to deliver acid concentrate used in bicarbonate dialysis. This outbreak demonstrates why it is essential to insure that all fluid pathways, storage tanks, central delivery systems, and pumps are compatible with low pH fluids before converting from acetate to bicarbonate dialysis. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,US FDA,CTR DEVICES & RADIOL HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 40 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL INC CAMBRIDGE PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 48 IS 2 BP 469 EP 474 DI 10.1038/ki.1995.315 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA RK810 UT WOS:A1995RK81000017 PM 7564114 ER PT J AU KOPLAN, JP ROTHENBERG, RB JONES, EL AF KOPLAN, JP ROTHENBERG, RB JONES, EL TI THE NATURAL-HISTORY OF EXERCISE - A 10-YR FOLLOW-UP OF A COHORT OF RUNNERS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE ACTIVITY; INJURY; SPORTS; HAZARDS ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WOMEN; MEN; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY; BENEFITS; EXERTION; FITNESS AB To determine the pattern of exercise and associated adverse events, including injuries, a mail survey was conducted on participants in the 1980 Peachtree Road Race Study for whom we were able to obtain current addresses. A total of 535 persons responded, 326 men and 209 women, representing 72% of those with identifiable addresses. Although only 56% of respondents reported that they were still running in 1990, 81% reported that they were still exercising regularly. The cumulative probability for continuing to run was 0.71 for men and 0.56 for women. Injury (31%) was the chief reason given by men for stopping permanently. For women, 28% stopped because they chose another form of exercise. Fifty-three percent of respondents had at least one injury during the 10-yr interval. The probability of experiencing an injury was associated with higher weekly mileage. The knee was the most frequently injured site. Thirty-nine percent of women and 35% of men reported being verbally assaulted. Approximately 10% of persons were hit by thrown objects or bitten by a dog. In a group of recreational runners, almost half had stopped running 10 yr later, but over 80% were still physically active. Many runners sustain injuries or suffer hazards related to their exercise. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. DYNCORP,APPL SCI GRP,RESTON,VA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1180 EP 1184 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA RN751 UT WOS:A1995RN75100013 PM 7476063 ER PT J AU KETEYIAN, SJ HEATH, GW AF KETEYIAN, SJ HEATH, GW TI ONGOING INITIATIVES BY ACSM ON EXERCISE IN AMERICA SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ACSM AD HOC COMM HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KETEYIAN, SJ (reprint author), HENRY FORD HOSP,HENRY FORD HEART & VASC INST,ACSM AD HOC COMM HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1226 DI 10.1249/00005768-199508000-00018 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA RN751 UT WOS:A1995RN75100019 PM 7476069 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T SCHABLE, B CHU, SY AF DIAZ, T SCHABLE, B CHU, SY TI RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USE OF CONDOMS AND OTHER FORMS OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED WOMEN SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; AIDS AB Objective: To describe the relationship between condom use and use of other contraceptives among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Methods: We interviewed 1232 women, 18-50 years of age, who had had sex with a man in the prior 12 months and who were reported with AIDS or HIV to local health departments in 12 states and cities in the United States. These women were asked about condom use and other contraceptive use in the past year. Results: Forty-seven percent of women reported using; condoms as a form of contraception in the past 12 months. Thirty-four percent of the 286 women who had had a tubal ligation and 42% of the 182 women who used oral contraceptives (OC) used condoms. When we controlled for all factors associated with failing to use condoms, women who had had a tubal ligation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.33), women who used OCs (adjusted OR 1.44, CI 1.00-2.08), and women who were unaware of the HIV status of their most recent steady sex partner (adjusted OR 1.72, CI 1.28-2.31) were the least likely to use condoms. Conclusion: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women who used more effective contraceptive methods were the least likely to have male sex partners who used condoms. In counseling women at high risk of transmitting HIV, health care providers should discuss reasons for using contraceptives (ie, preventing pregnancy versus preventing HIV transmission) and ensure that women understand that different forms of contraceptives may be needed to achieve those different purposes. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 86 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00144-G PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA RK505 UT WOS:A1995RK50500022 PM 7617361 ER PT J AU PEIPERT, JF METHENY, WP SCHULZ, K AF PEIPERT, JF METHENY, WP SCHULZ, K TI SAMPLE-SIZE AND STATISTICAL POWER IN REPRODUCTIVE RESEARCH SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIALS; BETA AB The calculation of sample size should be an integral pare of the planning stages of all research projects to avoid wasting time, money, and valuable resources. The necessary information for sample size calculations includes the alpha (type I) error level, the beta (type II) error, delta (or the difference you would like to be able to detect), and, for continuous variables, the variance. We review these terms and outline their importance in the calculation of sample size and statistical power. When necessary, the investigator should seek expertise and advice to perform these calculations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PEIPERT, JF (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,101 DUDLEY ST,PROVIDENCE,RI 02905, USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 86 IS 2 BP 302 EP 305 DI 10.1016/0029-7844(95)00104-Y PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA RK505 UT WOS:A1995RK50500029 PM 7617368 ER PT J AU RIEDO, FX PLIKAYTIS, BD BROOME, CV AF RIEDO, FX PLIKAYTIS, BD BROOME, CV TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; AFRICA ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; RESISTANT NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN-ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; GROUP-A; GROUP-C; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 162 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 8 BP 643 EP 657 DI 10.1097/00006454-199508000-00001 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RN780 UT WOS:A1995RN78000001 PM 8532420 ER PT J AU JAFARI, HS SCHUCHAT, A HILSDON, R WHITNEY, CG TOOMEY, KE WENGER, JD AF JAFARI, HS SCHUCHAT, A HILSDON, R WHITNEY, CG TOOMEY, KE WENGER, JD TI BARRIERS TO PREVENTION OF PERINATAL GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS; NEONATAL GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; PREVENTION; OBSTETRIC PRACTICES; ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS ID VAGINAL COLONIZATION; CARRIAGE; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; WOMEN AB During 1992 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued statements on prevention of group B streptococcal (GBS) disease. To assess prevention practices and identify barriers to preventing GBS disease, we surveyed obstetricians, family practitioners and general practitioners in Georgia during 1993. A standard questionnaire was mailed to 1190 clinicians in August and to nonresponders again in September, Of 436 (38%) physicians who responded, 192 (44%) provided obstetric care. Among these 192 obstetric care providers, 121 (63%) screened patients for GBS carriage antenatally. The most frequently cited reasons for not screening were ''no clear guidelines'' and ''not cost-effective'' (52 and 39%, respectively). Clinicians who screened patients were significantly more likely to believe that screening was cost-effective (P = 0.05), Of obstetric care providers who screened, only 9% obtained specimens using culture sites recommended by ACOG or AAP. Although most clinicians were aware that antenatal antibiotic treatment of carriers does not prevent perinatal GBS disease, 64% of those who screened reported that they gave oral antibiotics when carriage was detected during pregnancy, Of clinicians who reported using obstetric risk factors to guide prophylaxis choices, <15% reported using intrapartum antibiotics for the conditions identified in the ACOG and AAP statements as those that suggest the need for prophylaxis when screening is not performed. Many Georgia obstetric care providers do not use effective practices to prevent perinatal GBS disease, Education on appropriate culture methods, obstetric risk factors and the cost effectiveness of prevention strategies might lead to more effective preventive practices. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 8 BP 662 EP 667 DI 10.1097/00006454-199508000-00003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RN780 UT WOS:A1995RN78000003 PM 8532422 ER PT J AU WOOD, D DONALDSHERBOURNE, C HALFON, N TUCKER, MB ORTIZ, V HAMLIN, JS DUAN, N MAZEL, RM GRABOWSKY, M BRUNELL, P FREEMAN, H AF WOOD, D DONALDSHERBOURNE, C HALFON, N TUCKER, MB ORTIZ, V HAMLIN, JS DUAN, N MAZEL, RM GRABOWSKY, M BRUNELL, P FREEMAN, H TI FACTORS RELATED TO IMMUNIZATION STATUS AMONG INNER-CITY LATINO AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESCHOOLERS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; MEASLES VACCINATION; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; MEDICAID; ACCESS AB Objective. To identify factors associated with undervaccination at 3 months and 24 months among low-income, inner-city Latino and African-American preschool children. Design. Interviews with a representative sample of inner-city families using a cross-sectional, multi-stage, cluster-sample design combined with a replicated quota sampling approach. Setting. South Central and East Los Angeles areas in inner-city Los Angeles. Population. Eight hundred seventeen Latino and 387 African-American families with children between 12 and 36 months of age. Main Outcome Variables. Being fully immunized or up-to-date (UTD) at 3 months (1 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and 1 oral polio vaccine) and 24 months of age (4 diphtheria-tetanus-p ertussis vaccines, 3 oral p olio vaccines, and 1 measles-mumps-rubella vaccine). Methods. Logistic regressions of UTD immunization status at 3 and 24 months by population and health care system factors. Results. Seventy percent of Latino children and 53% of African-American children were UTD at 3 months of age. At 24 months of age, 42% of Latino children and 26% of African-American children were UTD on their immunizations. Receipt of the first immunizations by 3 months was associated with smaller family size, and evidence of connection to prenatal care. Latino children were less likely to be UTD at 24 months if they obtained well child fare from private providers versus public clinics (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26, 0.79). There was also a trend for Latino children to be less well immunized if they were in health maintenance organizations versus public clinics (0.31,.0.05 < P <.1). African-American children were more likely to be UTD at 24 months if they were UTD at 3 months (OR = 5.56, 95% CI = 1.43, 21.6), had more health visits (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.27), and were less likely to be UTD at 24 months if they were on Medicaid versus private insurance (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.90). Implications. Both African-American and Latino children in inner-city Los Angeles have low immunization rates at 3 and 24 months. Prenatal care and family size are strongly associated with being UTD by 3 months; however, family and child characteristics are relatively unimportant predictors of being UTD at 24 months of age. Important risk factors for underimmunization at 2 years of age in the inner-city, low-income communities studied include type of health insurance and source of well child care, with the public sector having higher rates than private doctors' offices or health maintenance organization/managed care plans. C1 RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT SOCIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP WOOD, D (reprint author), CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,AHMANSON DEPT PEDIAT,ROOM 4310,8700 BEVERLY BLVD,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0942] NR 41 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1995 VL 96 IS 2 BP 295 EP 301 PN 1 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RM939 UT WOS:A1995RM93900018 PM 7630688 ER PT J AU HOFFMANN, P MULLER, SP HEINROTH, K BUCHNER, E RICHARDS, D TORAASON, M AF HOFFMANN, P MULLER, SP HEINROTH, K BUCHNER, E RICHARDS, D TORAASON, M TI CARDIOTOXICITY OF DICHLOROMETHANE IN RATS AND IN CULTURED RAT CARDIAC MYOCYTES SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on In Vitro Toxicology (INVITOX 94) CY SEP 20-23, 1994 CL KARTAUSE ITTINGEN, SWITZERLAND SP ECVAM, Ispra, Italy, Procter & Gamble, Hlth & Beauty Care, Europe, ERGATT, KGF, SET, Mainz, Germany, Schering AG, Berlin Germany, Rhone Poulenc Rorer S A, Vitry Seine, France, Nestle A A, Vevoy, Switzerland, Body Shop Levy AG, Zurich, Switzerland, Unilever, Sharnbrook, UK, Wella Cosmital S A, Marly, Switzerland, Zyma S A, Nyon, Switzerland, RCC, Besel, Switzerland, Skan A G, Basel, Switzerland, ECETOC, Brussels, Belgium, Pharmacia Biotech AG, Dubendorf, Switzerland, Pentapharm AG, Basel, Switzerland, USGEB, Geneva, Switzerland, Stift Fonds Versuchstierfreie Forsch, Zurich, Switzerland, SIAT, Zurich, Switzerland, STS, Basel, Switzerland ID CALCIUM AB The purpose of the present study was to examine whether cardiac actions of dichloromethane (DCM) in vivo correlate with in vitro alterations of Ca2+ dynamics in cardiac myocytes. Electrically induced fluctuations of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) were investigated in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes using spectrofluorometric analysis of fura-2 binding. [Ca2+](i) transients were inhibited in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner with IC10 and IC50 values of 3.2 and 18.1 mM. Complete inhibition of [Ca2+](i) transients and cessation of beating were observed at 40.95 mM without morphological alterations. Left ventricular pressure in urethane-anaesthetized rats was measured by introducing a tip catheter by way of the carotid artery into the left ventricle and ECG (lead II) was recorded by two needle electrodes. Administration of 3.1, 6.2 or 12.4 mmol DCM/kg orally resulted in DCM blood concentrations between 1.0 and 1.6 mM accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease of contractility parameters. Moreover, DCM administration provided protection against arrhythmia development due to CaCl2 infusion. These observations are consistent with the view that both the negative inotropic effects of DCM and the protection from CaCl2-induced arrhythmia are mediated by an inhibition of Ca2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes. C1 UNIV HALLE WITTENBERG,DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL,INST PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,HALLE,GERMANY. NIOSH,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,CINCINNATI,OH. RP HOFFMANN, P (reprint author), SANOFI RECH,CTR TOULOUSE,BP 1169,F-31036 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 4 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(95)00019-5 PG 4 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RT918 UT WOS:A1995RT91800020 PM 20650117 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BJB SVIAT, SL HAPP, CM DUNN, JJ FRANTZ, JC MAYER, LW PIESMAN, J AF JOHNSON, BJB SVIAT, SL HAPP, CM DUNN, JJ FRANTZ, JC MAYER, LW PIESMAN, J TI INCOMPLETE PROTECTION OF HAMSTERS VACCINATED WITH UNLIPIDATED OSPA FROM BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI INFECTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW-LEVELS OF ANTIBODY TO AN EPITOPE DEFINED BY MAB LA-2 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE LYME DISEASE; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; VACCINE; LA-2 ANTIBODY ID OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LYME-DISEASE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICAN; TICKS; MICE; HETEROGENEITY; IMMUNIZATION; ARTHRITIS AB Efforts to develop a recombinant vaccine for Lyme disease have focused on using the outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferi as an immunogen. We evaluated the effectiveness of an unlipidated recombinant OspA as a vaccine in hamsters. This molecule is soluble and can be produced in high yield in Escherichia coli, characteristics that permit simple and relatively low cost production Vaccination with unlipidated OspA protected a substantial portion of animals-59-79%, depending on the challenge strain and route-against moderate doses of spirochetes delivered either by injection or by bite of infected nymphal ticks (Ixodes scapularis), The instances of vaccine failure were associated with development of low levels of antibody to a particular OspA epitope, one defined by mAb LA-2. At least 50 ng ml(-1) of LA-2 equivalent antibody was necessary for protection of hamsters. Lower LA-2 equivalent antibody concentrations occurred in unprotected animals in the presence of high-titered polyclonal antibody to native OspA. A competitive binding assay to quantitate this serum fraction is described that should be of use in monitoring the quality of the antibody response to OspA in vaccine trials. Concentrations of LA-2 equivalent antibody parallel the ability of the serum specimens to inhibit the growth of B. burgdorferi in culture. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH,VET PHARMACEUT & BIOL,LINCOLN,NE 68501. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JOHNSON, BJB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA LINACRE HOUSE JORDAN HILL, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 8DP SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG PY 1995 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1086 EP 1094 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(95)00035-Y PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA RV517 UT WOS:A1995RV51700007 PM 7491816 ER PT J AU MASSUNG, RF KNIGHT, JC ESPOSITO, JJ AF MASSUNG, RF KNIGHT, JC ESPOSITO, JJ TI TOPOGRAPHY OF VARIOLA SMALLPOX VIRUS INVERTED TERMINAL REPEATS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID VACCINIA VIRUS; COWPOX VIRUS; ORTHOPOXVIRUS DNA; SEQUENCE; GENOME; RESOLUTION; TRANSCRIPTION; REPLICATION; REPETITION; TELOMERES AB We examined the nucleotide sequences of the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) regions adjacent to the covalently closed hairpin end sequences of three variola major and four minor strains from smallpox outbreaks in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. The ITR regions ranged in size from 581 to 1051 base pairs (bp) and contained no apparent open reading frames. Two nonrepetitive sequence elements, NR1 and NR2, were conserved and resembled nonrepetitive elements in the ITRs of other orthopoxviruses. Depending on strain, the terminally positioned NR1 and the more internal NR2 flanked a direct repeat region containing from none to four copies of a 69-bp sequence and one copy of a 54-bp related sequence partial repeat. A distinctive pattern of ITR topography of NR1 and NR2 flanking a single copy of the 69-bp unit characterized each of three examined alastrim variola minor strains. A nonalastrim African minor strain from the last natural case of smallpox in somalia in 1977 showed the largest ITR region of the examined viruses because of a second direct repeat cluster following NR2. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 1 PY 1995 VL 211 IS 1 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1416 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA RN477 UT WOS:A1995RN47700044 PM 7645234 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR FUJIWARA, PI WASHKO, RM HAMBURG, MA AF FRIEDEN, TR FUJIWARA, PI WASHKO, RM HAMBURG, MA TI TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW-YORK-CITY - TURNING THE TIDE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; CHEMOTHERAPY AB Background. From 1978 through 1992, the number of patients with tuberculosis in New York City nearly tripled, and the proportion of such patients who had drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis more than doubled. Methods. We reviewed, confirmed, and analyzed data obtained during the surveillance of patients with tuberculosis. Results. From 1992 through 1994, there was a 21 percent decrease in reported cases of tuberculosis in New York City. An evaluation of the surveillance system revealed very few unreported cases. The number of cases decreased by more than 20 percent among blacks and Hispanics, persons with documented human immunodeficiency virus infection, homeless persons, and patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; in all these groups, tuberculosis is likely to result from recent transmission. In contrast, the number of cases of tuberculosis increased among elderly and foreign-born persons, in whom the disease is likely to result from the reactivation of an infection acquired many years earlier. Enrollment in a program of directly observed therapy, in which health workers watch patients take their medications, increased from fewer than 100 patients to nearly 1300, with more than 32,000 patient-months of observation from 1992 through 1994. Conclusions. Epidemiologic patterns strongly suggest that the decrease in cases resulted from an interruption in the ongoing spread of M. tuberculosis infection, primarily because of better rates of completion of treatment and expanded use of directly observed therapy. Another contributing factor may have been efforts to reduce the spread of tuberculosis in institutional settings, such as hospitals, shelters, and jails. Expansion of measures to prevent and control tuberculosis and support of international control efforts are needed to ensure continued progress. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 35 TC 525 Z9 535 U1 0 U2 10 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 27 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 4 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1056/NEJM199507273330406 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RK423 UT WOS:A1995RK42300006 PM 7791840 ER PT J AU KLAUBER, M MCGINNIS, C DIPENTIMA, RT BURNS, AE MALMBERG, VC FINNIGAN, JS WALSH, MJ WHITCOMB, JE DANIELSON, CE SMITH, MG AF KLAUBER, M MCGINNIS, C DIPENTIMA, RT BURNS, AE MALMBERG, VC FINNIGAN, JS WALSH, MJ WHITCOMB, JE DANIELSON, CE SMITH, MG TI MASS TREATMENT OF HUMANS EXPOSED TO RABIES - NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 484, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT AGR,CONCORD,NH 03301. DARTMOUTH HITCHCOCK MED CTR,CONCORD,NH 03301. NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH 03301. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 4 BP 293 EP 294 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RJ898 UT WOS:A1995RJ89800010 ER PT J AU LIPSKY, S TANINO, T LEWIS, JH AF LIPSKY, S TANINO, T LEWIS, JH TI AFRICAN PYGMY HEDGEHOG-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS - WASHINGTON, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 462, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,PUBL HLTH LABS,OLYMPIA,WA 98504. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,LAB SECT,SEATTLE,WA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP LIPSKY, S (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 4 BP 294 EP 294 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RJ898 UT WOS:A1995RJ89800011 ER PT J AU BIRKHEAD, GS LEBARON, CW PARSONS, P GRABAU, JC BARRGALE, L FUHRMAN, J BROOKS, S ROSENTHAL, J HADLER, SC MORSE, DL AF BIRKHEAD, GS LEBARON, CW PARSONS, P GRABAU, JC BARRGALE, L FUHRMAN, J BROOKS, S ROSENTHAL, J HADLER, SC MORSE, DL TI THE IMMUNIZATION OF CHILDREN ENROLLED IN THE SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL FOOD PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS, AND CHILDREN (WIC) - THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT STRATEGIES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MEASLES AB Objective.-To assess the impact of different interventions to increase measles vaccination coverage among preschool children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Design.-Public health intervention trial. Setting.-Six volunteer WIC sites in New York City. Study Participants.-Children aged 12 to 59 months presenting for WIC certification between April 1 and September 30, 1991, who were eligible for measles vaccination. Interventions.-Two WIC sites were assigned at random to one of three immunization strategies: (1) escort: child was escorted to a nearby pediatric clinic for immunization; (2) voucher incentive: the family returned monthly, rather than every 2 months, to pick up WIC food vouchers until the child was immunized; or (3) referral: the family was passively referred for immunization. Main Outcome Measure.-Proportion of eligible children receiving measles vaccination. Results.-Of children eligible for measles immunization, 74% (618/836) were immunized. Children at escort sites were 5.5 times (relative risk [RR]=5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7 to 8.1) and those at voucher incentive sites were 2.9 times (RR=2.9; 95% CI, 1,9 to 4.5) more likely to be immunized than children at referral sites. Children were immunized more rapidly at escort sites (median, 14 days) and voucher incentive sites (median, 26 days) than at referral sites (median, 45 days; P<.001). Conclusions.-Both escort and voucher incentive models resulted in more children being immunized more rapidly than passive referral. Because of ease of administration, voucher incentives may be a more suitable immunization intervention for use at WIC sites, with addition of escort where feasible. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV NUTR,ALBANY,NY 12237. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BIRKHEAD, GS (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ROOM 651,CORNING TOWER,ESP,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. FU PHS HHS [H23/CCH204473-02] NR 16 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 4 BP 312 EP 316 DI 10.1001/jama.274.4.312 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RJ898 UT WOS:A1995RJ89800033 PM 7609260 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H JAFFE, HW HOLMES, KK AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H JAFFE, HW HOLMES, KK TI REDUCING THE IMPACT OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV-INFECTION - NEW GUIDELINES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,CTR AIDS & STDS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,MAILSTOP G-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 4 BP 347 EP 348 DI 10.1001/jama.274.4.347 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RJ898 UT WOS:A1995RJ89800040 PM 7609267 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA TALASKA, G AF SCHULTE, PA TALASKA, G TI VALIDITY CRITERIA FOR THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL-AGENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WHO Workshop on Guiding Principles for the Use of Biological Markers in the Assessment of Human Exposure to Environmental Factors - An Integrative Approach of Epidemiology and Toxicology CY SEP 13-14, 1993 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP WHO European Ctr DE VALIDITY CRITERION; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; EXPOSURE; CHEMICAL AGENT; ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY ID CARCINOGEN-DNA ADDUCTS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; HEMOGLOBIN ADDUCTS; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; P-32-POSTLABELING ANALYSIS; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; URINARY-BLADDER; PROTEIN ADDUCTS; SMOKING; WORKERS AB Biomarkers may prove very useful in increasing the precision of exposure estimates during field epidemiological studies of environmental and occupational exposures. However, the determination of validity of exposure biomarkers is a laborious process. It is also a process that needs collaboration between laboratory and field scientists if biological markers of exposure are to be useful tools in environmental epidemiology. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,CDC,SCREENING & NOTIFICAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI PUBL IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUL 26 PY 1995 VL 101 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1016/0300-483X(95)03020-G PG 16 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA RN095 UT WOS:A1995RN09500007 PM 7631325 ER PT J AU HANSON, DL CHU, SY FARIZO, KM WARD, JW STETLER, HC SORVILLO, F BUSKIN, SE SHANER, KL MOKOTOFF, E DAVIDSON, A TROXLER, SH PHELPS, AF CORONADO, VG AF HANSON, DL CHU, SY FARIZO, KM WARD, JW STETLER, HC SORVILLO, F BUSKIN, SE SHANER, KL MOKOTOFF, E DAVIDSON, A TROXLER, SH PHELPS, AF CORONADO, VG TI DISTRIBUTION OF CD4(+) T-LYMPHOCYTES AT DIAGNOSIS OF ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME-DEFINING AND OTHER HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-RELATED ILLNESSES SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; NATURAL-HISTORY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; SYNDROME AIDS; DISEASE; ZIDOVUDINE; PREVALENCE; MARKERS; TYPE-1; COUNTS AB Background: Depletion of circulating CD4(+) T lymphocytes among persons infected with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased risk for development of opportunistic, life-threatening diseases and death. Methods: To describe the levels of CD4(+) T lymphocytes at which acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining and other illnesses initially occur, we analyzed data from an ongoing survey of medical records of 18 062 HIV-infected patients who received medical care between January 1990 and August 1993 in more than 100 clinics, hospitals, and private practices in 10 US cities. We report the median and upper 80th percentile CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts at diagnosis. Results: We found that AIDS-defining conditions first occurred in HIV-infected patients with CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts below 0.20 X10(9)/L (200/mu L) for 80% of diagnoses. Similarly, AIDS-defining diseases occurred at counts below 0.05x10(9)/L for 50% of diagnoses. Exceptions to both criteria were invasive cervical cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Non-AIDS-defining illnesses with which 80% of patients were diagnosed at CD4(+) T-lymphocyte counts below 0.20X10(9)/L were bacterial sepsis and retinopathy (excluding cytomegalovirus). Conclusion: Our observations support the need for continued CD4(+) cell count monitoring below a level of 0.20X10(9)/L as a guide to diagnosis and medical management of HIV-infected persons. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. HLTH & HUMAN SERV DEPT,HOUSTON,TX. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RP HANSON, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD JUL 24 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 14 BP 1537 EP 1542 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.14.1537 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RJ621 UT WOS:A1995RJ62100010 PM 7605156 ER PT J AU BENNETT, SN MCNEIL, MM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ VILLARINO, ME PERROTTA, DM BURWEN, DR WELBEL, SF PEGUES, DA STROUD, L ZEITZ, PS JARVIS, WR AF BENNETT, SN MCNEIL, MM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ VILLARINO, ME PERROTTA, DM BURWEN, DR WELBEL, SF PEGUES, DA STROUD, L ZEITZ, PS JARVIS, WR TI POSTOPERATIVE INFECTIONS TRACED TO CONTAMINATION OF AN INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC, PROPOFOL SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; SYRINGES; INFUSION; OUTBREAK AB Background. Between June 1990 and February 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted investigations at seven hospitals because of unusual outbreaks of bloodstream infections, surgical-site infections, and acute febrile episodes after surgical procedures. Methods. We conducted case-control or cohort studies, or both, to identify risk factors. A case patient was defined as any patient who had an organism-specific infection or acute febrile episode after a surgical procedure during the study period in that hospital. The investigations also included reviews of procedures, cultures, and microbiologic studies of infecting, contaminating, and colonizing strains. Results. Sixty-two case patients were identified, 49 (79 percent) of whom underwent surgery during an epidemic period. Postoperative complications were more frequent during the epidemic period than before it. Only exposure to propofol, a lipid-based anesthetic agent, was significantly associated with the postoperative complications at all seven hospitals. In six of the outbreaks, an etiologic agent (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Moraxella osloensis, Enterobacter agglomerans, or Serratia marcescens) was identified, and the same strains were isolated from the case patients. Although cultures of unopened containers of propofol were negative, at two hospitals cultures of propofol from syringes currently in use were positive. At one hospital, the recovered organism was identical to the organism isolated from the case patients. Interviews with and observation of anesthesiology personnel documented a wide variety of lapses in aseptic techniques. Conclusions. With the increasing use of lipid-based medications, which support rapid bacterial growth at room temperature, strict aseptic techniques are essential during the handling of these agents to prevent extrinsic contamination and dangerous infectious complications. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 53 TC 296 Z9 300 U1 0 U2 6 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 20 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 3 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1056/NEJM199507203330303 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RK917 UT WOS:A1995RK91700003 PM 7791816 ER PT J AU HUANG, P TOBIAS, S KOHOUT, S HARRIS, M SATTERWHITE, D SIMPSON, DM WINN, L FOEHNER, J PEDRO, L AF HUANG, P TOBIAS, S KOHOUT, S HARRIS, M SATTERWHITE, D SIMPSON, DM WINN, L FOEHNER, J PEDRO, L TI ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A 100-PERCENT SMOKE-FREE ORDINANCE ON RESTAURANT SALES - WEST-LAKE-HILLS, TEXAS, 1992-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 369-372, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX 78756. OFF TEXAS COMPTROLLER PUBL ACCOUNTS,AUSTIN,TX. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CITY W LAKE HILLS,W LAKE HILLS,TX. RP HUANG, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,BUR CHRON DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 19 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 3 BP 206 EP 208 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH937 UT WOS:A1995RH93700006 ER PT J AU CONYER, RT MORALES, PK GONZALES, FM AF CONYER, RT MORALES, PK GONZALES, FM TI SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY - MEXICO, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 372-373, 379-381, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOLING & HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DATA DECIS MAKING PROJECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CONYER, RT (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 19 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 3 BP 208 EP 209 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH937 UT WOS:A1995RH93700007 ER PT J AU ANDERS, C JACHIMCZYK, JA GREEN, R PARKS, B MILLER, D HARPER, LB DILLARD, CT EVANS, ER AF ANDERS, C JACHIMCZYK, JA GREEN, R PARKS, B MILLER, D HARPER, LB DILLARD, CT EVANS, ER TI HEAT-RELATED ILLNESSES AND DEATHS - UNITED-STATES, 1994-1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 465-468, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MED EXAMINERS OFF,ST LOUIS,MO. FORENS SCI CTR,TUCSON,AZ. WESTERN REG CLIMATE CTR,RENO,NV. COLLEGE PK POLICE DEPT,COLL PK,GA. COLLEGE PK FIRE DEPT,COLL PK,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,SURVEILLANCE & PROGRAMS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDERS, C (reprint author), HARRIS CTY MED EXAMINER,CTR FORENS,HOUSTON,TX, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 19 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 3 BP 209 EP 210 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH937 UT WOS:A1995RH93700008 ER PT J AU HINMAN, AR THACKER, SB AF HINMAN, AR THACKER, SB TI INVITED COMMENTARY ON THE CUTTER INCIDENT - POLIOMYELITIS FOLLOWING FORMALDEHYDE-INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINATION IN THE UNITED-STATES DURING THE SPRING OF 1955 .2. RELATIONSHIP OF POLIOMYELITIS TO CUTTER VACCINE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HINMAN, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 142 IS 2 BP 107 EP 108 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RH829 UT WOS:A1995RH82900001 ER PT J AU PINE, L QUINN, FD EWING, EP BIRKNESS, KA WHITE, EH STEPHENS, DS RIBOT, E AF PINE, L QUINN, FD EWING, EP BIRKNESS, KA WHITE, EH STEPHENS, DS RIBOT, E TI EVALUATION OF THE CHICK-EMBRYO FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE VIRULENCE OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS; VIRULENCE MODEL; EMBRYONATED EGG ID IRON AB The chick embryo model was evaluated as a method to compare virulence between selected strains of Neisseria meningitidis. Inoculation of 13-day-chick embryos via the egg yolk distinguished strains having an LD(50) of 10(3) colony forming units (CFU) or greater (low virulence) from those having an LD(50) of approximately 10(1) or less (high virulence). A strain of serogroup B and a spontaneous nonpiliated strain of group C were found to be of relatively high virulence while a strain of N. lactamica, a serogroup A carrier strain, and certain nongroupable strains were found to be of low virulence. Strains having an LD(50) of 10(2) were not differentiated from either of these. Alternatively, inoculation of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 9-day-old chick embryos statistically differentiated most strains of N. meningitidis although inoculation via this route was less sensitive. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,PATHOGENESIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 130 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RK806 UT WOS:A1995RK80600007 PM 7557294 ER PT J AU RIBEIRO, MJA PHILLIPS, DJ BENSON, JM EVATT, BL ADES, EW HOOPER, WC AF RIBEIRO, MJA PHILLIPS, DJ BENSON, JM EVATT, BL ADES, EW HOOPER, WC TI HEMOSTATIC PROPERTIES OF THE SV40 TRANSFECTED HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE (HMEC-1) - A REPRESENTATIVE IN-VITRO MODEL FOR MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; TISSUE FACTOR; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR-1 ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; TISSUE-FACTOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; PHORBOL ESTER; PROTEIN-S; CULTURE; SV40; THROMBOMODULIN; TRANSFORMATION AB HMEC-1 is a SV-40T transfected human microvascular endothelial cell line that constitutively expresses RNA transcripts for plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), protein S (PS), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and thrombomodulin. Tissue factor (TF) can be induced in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) Proteins corresponding to PAI-1, t-PA protein S and VWF genes were constitutively released in the culture supernatant. This cell line is a model that will be useful to investigate coagulation/fibrinolytic properties of microvascular endothelium. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD JUL 15 PY 1995 VL 79 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/0049-3848(95)00101-V PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RD940 UT WOS:A1995RD94000002 PM 7676402 ER PT J AU BROWN, S WITHERSPOON, CD MORRIS, R HAMILTON, SM CAMESASCA, FI KIMBLE, JA AF BROWN, S WITHERSPOON, CD MORRIS, R HAMILTON, SM CAMESASCA, FI KIMBLE, JA TI SERIOUS EYE INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH FIREWORKS - UNITED-STATES, 1990-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 449-452, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,DIV HAZARD ANAL,DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL & HLTH SCI,WASHINGTON,DC. CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BROWN, S (reprint author), US EYE INJURY REGISTRY,BIRMINGHAM,AL, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 12 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 2 BP 110 EP 111 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH222 UT WOS:A1995RH22200006 ER PT J AU RAVIGLIONE, MC NUNN, PP KOCHI, A SNIDER, DE AF RAVIGLIONE, MC NUNN, PP KOCHI, A SNIDER, DE TI TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT IN DEVELOPING-NATIONS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP RAVIGLIONE, MC (reprint author), WHO,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 12 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 2 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH222 UT WOS:A1995RH22200011 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT JANSSEN, RS GEORGE, JR WARD, JW AF WEBER, JT JANSSEN, RS GEORGE, JR WARD, JW TI THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING OF HOSPITAL PATIENTS FOR HIV SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 12 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 2 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RH222 UT WOS:A1995RH22200022 PM 7595999 ER PT J AU LAL, RB OWEN, SM RUDOLPH, DL DAWSON, C PRINCE, H AF LAL, RB OWEN, SM RUDOLPH, DL DAWSON, C PRINCE, H TI IN-VIVO CELLULAR TROPISM OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II IS NOT RESTRICTED TO CD8(+) CELLS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; HTLV-II; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA; TRANSMISSION; AMERINDIANS; INDIVIDUALS; DISORDERS; DIAGNOSIS; PROVIRUS AB We have examined the in vivo and in vitro susceptibility of lymphocyte subpopulations to human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) to determine the cellular tropism for this virus. Monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets were used to separate highly purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 35 individuals previously shown to be infected with HTLV-II. The purified T-cell subsets were analyzed for HTLV-II provirus (pol and tax gene sequences) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cultured to determine virus expression by p24(gag) antigen detection. On the basis of PCR amplification in the pol and tax gene regions, both CD8(+) subsets (89 to 91%) and CD4(+) subsets (54 to 80%) from most infected subjects demonstrated HTLV-II provirus, irrespective of the Viral genotype. Analysis of cultured lymphocytes demonstrated a higher spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (17986 +/- 4675 cpm) and p24(gag) antigen production (median 115 pg/ml; range 14-1360 pg/ml) in CD8(+) cells compared to CD4(+) cells (2333 +/- 826 cpm; p24(gag) antigen: 9 pg/ml; 2-250 pg/ml), suggesting a higher proviral load in CD8 cells. Limiting cell-dilution PCR analysis indicated that the CD8(+) subset carried a higher HTLV-II provirus burden than the CD4(+) subset in vitro infection of purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes with irradiated HTLV-II cell lines resulted in productive infection of both subsets. Cell sorting and PCR analysis of lymphocyte subsets from 4 HTLV-II-infected subjects further demonstrated that in addition to CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets, both CD45RO(+) and CD45RO(-) and non-T-cells (CD14, CD16, and CD19) carried HTLV-II provirus. Taken together, these data suggest that HTLV-II possesses a broad tropism for peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV,CELLULAR IMMUNOL BRANCH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90006. AMER RED CROSS,TISSUE SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90006. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 210 IS 2 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1360 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA RJ812 UT WOS:A1995RJ81200021 PM 7542419 ER PT J AU RAVKOV, EV ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF RAVKOV, EV ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI GENETIC AND SEROLOGIC ANALYSIS OF BLACK-CREEK-CANAL-VIRUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HUMAN-DISEASE AND SIGMODON HISPIDUS INFECTION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HANTAAN VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; GENOME SEGMENT; RENAL SYNDROME; RNA SEGMENT; S-GENOME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Black Creek Canal (BCC) virus is a newly identified virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southeastern United States. Nucleotide sequences were determined for the complete S and M and partial L genomic segments of a BCC virus isolate. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that each of the virus segments is unique, and there is no evidence of genetic reassortment having occurred between this and other previously characterized hantaviruses. All hantavirus-seropositive, wild-caught Sigmodon hispidus which were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of BCC virus RNA were found to be positive, consistent with a chronic virus infection. This finding, together with serologic evidence, confirms S. hispidus as the primary rodent reservoir of this virus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of these PCR products indicates that BCC virus is genetically diverse and may pose a public health threat throughout much of the extensive range of this rodent species. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated the presence of G1-, G2-, and N-specific antibodies in sera from BCC virus-infected patients with HPS and naturally infected S. hispidus. Comparison of the patterns of protein immunoprecipitation obtained with human acute- and convalescent-phase sera suggests that G1- and G2-specific antibodies increase relative to N-specific antibodies during the course of infection. The ratio of G1 to N protein immunoprecipitation by rodent or human acute-phase sera allowed differentiation of BCC and Sin Nombre virus infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NEVADA,CELL & MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,RENO,NV 89557. UNIV NEVADA,DEPT BIOCHEM,RENO,NV 89557. NR 49 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 10 PY 1995 VL 210 IS 2 BP 482 EP 489 DI 10.1006/viro.1995.1366 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA RJ812 UT WOS:A1995RJ81200027 PM 7618284 ER PT J AU STREBEL, PM SUTTER, RW PALLANSCH, MA COCHI, SL AF STREBEL, PM SUTTER, RW PALLANSCH, MA COCHI, SL TI INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS AND VACCINE-ASSOCIATED POLIOMYELITIS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP STREBEL, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 6 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 1 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RG735 UT WOS:A1995RG73500019 ER PT J AU KIZER, KW JOSEPH, S MOLL, M RANKIN, JT AF KIZER, KW JOSEPH, S MOLL, M RANKIN, JT TI UNEXPLAINED ILLNESS AMONG PERSIAN-GULF-WAR VETERANS IN AN AIR NATIONAL-GUARD UNIT - PRELIMINARY-REPORT - AUGUST 1990 MARCH 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 443-447, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US DEPT DEF,WASHINGTON,DC 20305. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP KIZER, KW (reprint author), DEPT VET AFFAIRS,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 1 BP 16 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RG233 UT WOS:A1995RG23300007 ER PT J AU FINELLI, L CRAYNE, E DALLEY, E PILOT, K SPITALNY, KC AF FINELLI, L CRAYNE, E DALLEY, E PILOT, K SPITALNY, KC TI ENHANCED DETECTION OF SPORADIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 INFECTIONS - NEW-JERSEY, JULY 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 417-418, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FINELLI, L (reprint author), NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 1 BP 17 EP 19 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RG233 UT WOS:A1995RG23300008 ER PT J AU FROST, B CHAOS, C LADAGA, L DAY, W TENNEY, M MCWILLIAMS, D BARRETT, E BRANCH, L JENKINS, S LINN, M TURF, E WOOLARD, D MILLER, GB HENDERSON, S CAMPBELL, B MISMAS, M DVORAK, J PATEL, D PEERY, D MORANO, J CAMPBELL, K AF FROST, B CHAOS, C LADAGA, L DAY, W TENNEY, M MCWILLIAMS, D BARRETT, E BRANCH, L JENKINS, S LINN, M TURF, E WOOLARD, D MILLER, GB HENDERSON, S CAMPBELL, B MISMAS, M DVORAK, J PATEL, D PEERY, D MORANO, J CAMPBELL, K TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 OUTBREAK AT A SUMMER CAMP - VIRGINIA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 419-421, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 AUGUSTA STAUNTON HLTH DEPT,STAUNTON,VA 24402. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA 23218. VIRGINIA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,BUR FOOD INSPECT,RICHMOND,VA 23219. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FROST, B (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT PREVENT MED,RICHMOND,VA 23298, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 1995 VL 274 IS 1 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RG233 UT WOS:A1995RG23300009 ER PT J AU RIVASI, F LONGANESI, L CASOLARI, C CROPPO, GP PIERINI, G ZUNARELLI, E VISVESVARA, GS AF RIVASI, F LONGANESI, L CASOLARI, C CROPPO, GP PIERINI, G ZUNARELLI, E VISVESVARA, GS TI CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF ACANTHAMOEBA-KERATITIS - REPORT OF A CASE WITH CORRELATIVE STUDY WITH INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY SO ACTA CYTOLOGICA LA English DT Note DE ACANTHAMOEBA KERATITIS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE ID MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS AB We describe a case of Acanthamoeba keratitis in a 20-year-old woman who wore disposable soft contact lenses. The diagnosis was made initially on the basis of a periodic acid-Schiff-stained corneal smear and subsequently confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of 0.053% polyhexamethylene biguanide and miconazole. Cytologic study and culture of corneal scrapings is relatively painless and inexpensive and may therefore be used for successful diagnosis and follow-up. C1 UNIV MODENA,INST CLIN OPHTHALMOL,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP RIVASI, F (reprint author), UNIV MODENA,DEPT MORPHOL SCI & LEGAL MED,SEZ ANAT & ISTOL PATOL,VIA POZZO 71,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA P.O. DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 SN 0001-5547 J9 ACTA CYTOL JI Acta Cytol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 39 IS 4 BP 821 EP 826 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA RM709 UT WOS:A1995RM70900038 PM 7631564 ER PT J AU BLOLAND, PB WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW CHILIMA, B HIGHTOWER, A BREMAN, JG AF BLOLAND, PB WIRIMA, JJ STEKETEE, RW CHILIMA, B HIGHTOWER, A BREMAN, JG TI MATERNAL HIV-INFECTION AND INFANT-MORTALITY IN MALAWI - EVIDENCE FOR INCREASED MORTALITY DUE TO PLACENTAL MALARIA INFECTION SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; MALARIA; PREGNANCY; POSTNEONATAL MORTALITY; MATAWI; AFRICA ID WOMEN; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; MALAWI AB Objectives: To examine the relationship between maternal HIV infection, placental malaria infection, and infant mortality as a first step in investigating the possibility of increased vertical transmission of HIV due to placental malaria infection. Design: Retrospective analysis of data from a cohort study of mothers and infants in rural Malawi conducted from 1987 to 1990. Methods: Pregnant women in Malawi were enrolled in a study examining chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy. At delivery, placental malaria infection status was determined. Infants born into this study were visited every 2 months for the first 2-3 years of life. Deaths were investigated using a standardized 'verbal autopsy' interview. Maternal serum collected during pregnancy was tested for antibodies to HIV-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with Western blot confirmation. Results: Overall, 138 (5.3%) of 2608 women in the study were HIV-1-seropositive. Infant mortality rates were 144 and 235 per 1000 live births for children born to HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive women, respectively (P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the odds of dying during the post-neonatal period for an infant born to a mother with both placental malaria and HIV infection was 4.5 times greater than an infant born to a mother with only placental malaria, and between 2.7 and 7.7 times greater (depending on birthweight) than an infant born to a mother with only HIV infection. Conclusions: This study strongly suggests that exposure to both placental malaria infection and maternal HIV infection increases post-neonatal mortality beyond the independent risk associated with exposure to either maternal HIV or placental malaria infection. If confirmed,,malaria chemoprophylaxis during pregnancy could decrease the impact of transmission of HIV from mother to infant. C1 UNIV MALAWI,SCH MED,ZOMBA,MALAWI. MINIST HLTH,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP BLOLAND, PB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 23 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1995 VL 9 IS 7 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1097/00002030-199507000-00009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RF922 UT WOS:A1995RF92200009 PM 7546417 ER PT J AU MOORE, J BEEKER, C HARRISON, JS ENG, TR DOLL, LS AF MOORE, J BEEKER, C HARRISON, JS ENG, TR DOLL, LS TI HIV RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG PEACE-CORPS VOLUNTEERS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV PREVALENCE; EXPATRIATE; TRAVEL; SEXUAL RISK ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION AB Objective: To describe HIV risk behaviors among Peace Corps Volunteers (PCV) and to examine correlates of sexual risk behaviors. Method: Cross-sectional data were collected from 1242 randomly selected PCV serving in 28 countries in 1991. PCV reported the frequency of specific risk behaviors in self-administered questionnaires, which were completed anonymously and returned to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results: Non-sexual HIV risk behaviors were rarely reported by PCV. Sixty-one per cent of the 1080 PCV who answered questions about sexual behavior during their Peace Corps service reported having at least one sex partner. Sixty per cent of PCV had another PCV partner, 39% had a host-country national partner, and 29% had a non-PCV expatriate partner. Overall, less than one-third (32%) of unmarried PCV used condoms during every episode of sexual intercourse; more frequent use was reported in relationships with non-steady and (for male PCV) host-country national partners. Among male PCV, condom use was positively related to lower alcohol use and the belief that HIV was a problem in the host country. Female PCV reporting more condom use with male partners were younger and had fewer partners than those reporting less use. Conclusion: These data indicate that PCV are at risk for acquiring HIV through unprotected vaginal intercourse. All persons who become sexually active with new partners while travelling or living abroad should be encouraged to use condoms consistently. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PEACE CORPS,OFF MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MOORE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1995 VL 9 IS 7 BP 795 EP 799 DI 10.1097/00002030-199507000-00018 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RF922 UT WOS:A1995RF92200018 PM 7546426 ER PT J AU FREEDMAN, DS WILLIAMSON, DF CROFT, JB BALLEW, C BYERS, T AF FREEDMAN, DS WILLIAMSON, DF CROFT, JB BALLEW, C BYERS, T TI RELATION OF BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION TO ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE - THE NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY-I (NHANES-I) EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTHROPOMETRY; BLACKS; BODY WEIGHT; COHORT STUDIES; CORONARY DISEASE; OBESITY; SKINFOLD THICKNESS ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MASS INDEX; CENTRALIZED ADIPOSITY; RISK; OBESITY; MEN; MORTALITY AB Although an excess of adipose tissue in the abdominal and truncal regions is associated with various metabolic alterations, relatively few cohort studies have examined its importance in the development of ischemic heart disease, and little information is available from black populations. The authors examined the relation of central obesity, as characterized by a thick subscapular skinfold relative to the triceps skinfold, to the incidence of ischemic heart disease among 9,822 persons in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1; baseline data were collected in 1971-1975 and follow-up was through 1987. We found that, independently of relative weight, cigarette smoking, and other covariates, the hazard rate ratios for ischemic heart disease incidence contrasting the upper and lower quintiles of central obesity were 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.3) among women and 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.3-2.2) among men. Although central obesity was related similarly to disease among white and black men, the association among women differed between whites (rate ratio = 1.94) and blacks (rate ratio = 0.73); p = 0.002 for race x the central obesity product term. Additional research is needed to clarify the relation of various anthropometric measurements to ischemic heart disease, particularly among blacks, but the assessment of fat distribution may help identify high-risk persons for whom weight loss might be most beneficial. RP FREEDMAN, DS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 47 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 142 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF825 UT WOS:A1995RF82500007 PM 7785674 ER PT J AU SERDULA, MK MOKDAD, AH PAMUK, ER WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T AF SERDULA, MK MOKDAD, AH PAMUK, ER WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T TI EFFECTS OF QUESTION ORDER ON ESTIMATES OF THE PREVALENCE OF ATTEMPTED WEIGHT-LOSS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DATA COLLECTION; EFFECT MODIFIERS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); WEIGHT LOSS ID ADULTS AB Although numerous surveys have been conducted to estimate the prevalence of attempted weight loss, little information is available on the possible effects of question order on the prevalence estimates. The authors examined data collected from 231,852 respondents to surveys conducted in the District of Columbia and 20 states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 1985 and 1992. In surveys conducted from 1985 to 1988, respondents (n = 117,827) were first asked their body weight and then were asked if they were trying to lose weight; 48% of the women and 29% of the men reported that they were trying to lose weight. In 1989, 1991, and 1992 (no questions about weight control were asked in 1990), the order of the questions was reversed so that respondents (n = 114,025) were asked whether they were trying to lose weight before they were asked to report their weight; 41% of the women and 26% of the men reported that they were trying to lose weight. The authors conclude that survey respondents, especially women, may be more likely to report that they are trying to lose weight when questions about weight control practices immediately follow questions on current weight. This apparent effect of question order points to the need for caution in comparing prevalence estimates across surveys in which the questions are not asked in a similar order, even when the questions are worded identically. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 142 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF825 UT WOS:A1995RF82500008 PM 7785675 ER PT J AU EMONT, SL ZAHNISER, SC MARCUS, SE TRONTELL, AE MILLS, S FRAZIER, EL WALLER, MN GIOVINO, GA AF EMONT, SL ZAHNISER, SC MARCUS, SE TRONTELL, AE MILLS, S FRAZIER, EL WALLER, MN GIOVINO, GA TI EVALUATION OF THE 1990 CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL-AND-PREVENTION SMOKE-FREE POLICY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article ID ATTITUDES AB Purpose. To determine the prevalence of tobacco use among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) employees and the effect of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior and air quality at work. Design. A stratified telephone survey of 1181 CDC/ATSDR employees randomly selected from employee rosters. Setting. CDC/ATSDR work sites in Atlanta, Georgia, and other major CDC locations throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Subjects. Randomly selected employees of CDC/ATSDR1, or about 22% of the total CDC/ATSDR population; 98% of eligible persons selected agreed to participate. Measures. Demographic and smoking history variables, attitudes toward and impact of the smoke-free policy on smoking behavior, and self-report changes in air quality were the measures used. Results. Overall cigarette smoking prevalence was only 11.1%. One percent reported using chewing tobacco, 1.1% reported smoking a pipe, and 1.4% reported smoking cigars. Average self-reported, daily cigarette comsumption significantly decreased after the smoking ban took effect. Overall, 90% of the employees supported the smoke-free policy, and 80% of the employees believed that smokers were complying with the smoke-free policy. Most employees believed that the air quality of work areas and nonwork areas (65% and 69%, respectively) had improved since the smoke-free policy was implemented. Conclusions. These findings are consistent with previous evaluations of smoke-fi ee policies and suggest that most employees are generally supportive of workplace smoking restrictions. Such policies can also have a positive impact on smoking behavior and perceived air quality. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DATA MANAGEMENT SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NIDR,DIV EPIDEMIOL & ORAL DIS PREVENT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,INVESTIGATOR INITIATED RES SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,RES OFF,BALTIMORE,MD. RP EMONT, SL (reprint author), JOHNSON & JOHNSON HLTH CARE SYST INC,DIV HLTH MANAGEMENT,EPIDEMIOL & CHRON DIS,410 GEORGE ST,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08901, USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 456 EP 461 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RJ495 UT WOS:A1995RJ49500009 PM 10150536 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, C STERN, F HALPERIN, W VENABLE, H PETERSEN, M FRAZIER, T BURNETT, C LALICH, N SALG, J SESTITO, J FINGERHUT, M AF ROBINSON, C STERN, F HALPERIN, W VENABLE, H PETERSEN, M FRAZIER, T BURNETT, C LALICH, N SALG, J SESTITO, J FINGERHUT, M TI ASSESSMENT OF MORTALITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1984-1986 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE; OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY; SKILLED TRADES OCCUPATIONS; CARPENTERS; ELECTRICAL WORKERS; SILICOSIS, ASBESTOSIS; BLUE COLLAR WORKERS ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DEATH CERTIFICATE; ACCURACY; PIPEFITTERS; SOLVENTS; PAINTERS; PLUMBERS; LEUKEMIA; DISEASE; WORKERS AB Construction, one of the larger industries in the United States, employs 7.6 million workers, many in skilled trades occupations. Previously published data about potential worksite exposures and mortality of construction site workers are limited. We analyzed occupation and industry codes on death certificates from 19 U.S. states to evaluate mortality risks among men and women usually employed in construction occupations. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) for cancer and several other chronic diseases were significantly elevated among 61,682 white male construction workers who died between 1984 and 1986. Men younger than age 65, who were probably still employed immediately prior to death, had significantly elevated PMRs for cancer, asbestos-related diseases, mental disorders, alcohol-related disease, digestive diseases, falls, poisonings, traumatic fatalities that are usually work-related, and homicides. Elevated PMRs for many of the same causes were observed to a lesser degree for black men and white women whose usual industry was construction. In addition, women experienced excess cancer of the connective tissue and suicide mortality. Various skilled construction trades had elevated PMRs for specific sites, such as bone cancer and melanoma in brickmasons, stomach cancer in roofers and brickmasons, kidney and bone cancer in concrete/terrazzo finishers, nasal cancer in plumbers, pulmonary tuberculosis in laborers, scrotal cancer and aplastic anemia in electricians, acute myeloid leukemia in boilermakers, rectal cancer and multiple sclerosis in electrical power installers, and lung cancer in structural metal workers. Using a standard population of blue collar workers did not result in fewer elevated PMRs for construction workers. Despite lifestyle differences and other limitations of the study, the large numbers of excess deaths observed in this study indicate the need for preventive action for construction workers. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIOSH,SUPPORT SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP ROBINSON, C (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE,MSR-18,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 59 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 28 IS 1 BP 49 EP 70 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700280105 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RE397 UT WOS:A1995RE39700004 PM 7573075 ER PT J AU LEATHERMAN, TL CAREY, JW THOMAS, RB AF LEATHERMAN, TL CAREY, JW THOMAS, RB TI SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGE AND PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN THE ANDES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SOUTHERN PERU; SECULAR CHANGE; HIGH ALTITUDE; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ID HIGH-ALTITUDE; PERUVIAN ANDES; PHYSICAL GROWTH; NATIVE CHILDREN; SECULAR CHANGE; ADOLESCENTS; METERS AB Changes in the pattern of growth over a 20-year period are described for a combined rural and semi-urban population in the District of Nunoa (Puno) in the southern Peruvian Andes. Over the past two decades, Andean regions have experienced many socioeconomic changes, including the implementation of agrarian reform policies and increased integration into a market economy. Local changes in Nunoa have included improved transportation networks, new markets, an expanded public school system, and improved health care facilities. Secular trends in stature and weight have been found to be associated with social and economic development throughout the developing world, including Peru. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from a re-study of growth in the Nunoan population, and to assess whether changing conditions in Nunoa have resulted in secular increases in growth. A cross-sectional sample of 1,466 children and adults and a mixed-longitudinal. sample of 404 children (age 3-22), measured between 1983 and 1984, are compared to similar samples collected from the same location between 1964 and 1966. Adolescents are taller, heavier, and somewhat fatter in the present population, although these differences diminish or disappear in adulthood. Age of maturation, peak growth velocities, and cessation of growth may come 1 to 2 years earlier than in the 1960s. As was found in earlier studies, growth velocities are low, the adolescent growth spurt is small, and sexual dimorphism is delayed. No secular trends in adult stature were found. Thus, the effects of social and economic change on nutrition, health, and growth in the population are uneven and generally unclear. This points to inequalities in access to the benefits of change throughout the region. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ANTHROPOL,AMHERST,MA 01003. RP LEATHERMAN, TL (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT ANTHROPOL,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 97 IS 3 BP 307 EP 321 DI 10.1002/ajpa.1330970305 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA RG085 UT WOS:A1995RG08500004 PM 7573378 ER PT J AU KLEVENS, RM GIOVINO, GA PEDDICORD, JP NELSON, DE MOWERY, P GRUMMERSTRAWN, L AF KLEVENS, RM GIOVINO, GA PEDDICORD, JP NELSON, DE MOWERY, P GRUMMERSTRAWN, L TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VETERAN STATUS AND CIGARETTE-SMOKING BEHAVIORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Although the prevalence of smoking has decreased since 1980 among active duty military personnel, it remains higher than among the adult civilian population; among military veterans, the prevalence of smoking has not been well described. The objectives of this study were to describe patterns of cigarette smoking behaviors among United States veterans and nonveterans and to examine the association between military veteran status and cigarette smoking. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey from a national probability sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized adult population (National Health Interview Survey supplements). We estimated the prevalence of ever, current, and former smoking, as well as crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of each outcome measure among veterans and nonveterans, by gender. The prevalence of ever smoking was 74.2% (+/-0.7%) among veterans and 48.4% (+/-0.5%) among nonveterans; current smoking prevalence was 33.9% (+/-1.0%) among veterans and 27.7% (+/-0.5%) among nonveterans. Among those who had not initiated smoking before the age of 18 years, veterans were more likely than nonveterans to report ever smoking (AOR = 1.8 for men and 1.9 for women) and current smoking (AOR = 1.9 for both men and women). After statistical adjustment, no difference was seen in cessation behavior. We concluded that the prevalence of ever and current smoking was higher among U.S. military veterans. The association was the strongest among veterans who had not initiated smoking before the age of 18 years. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that military service is a risk factor for cigarette smoking, and they support the military's current prevention and cessation efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 11 IS 4 BP 245 EP 250 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA RN607 UT WOS:A1995RN60700009 PM 7495601 ER PT J AU SCHEIDT, PC HAREL, Y TRUMBLE, AC JONES, DH OVERPECK, MD BIJUR, PE AF SCHEIDT, PC HAREL, Y TRUMBLE, AC JONES, DH OVERPECK, MD BIJUR, PE TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NONFATAL INJURIES AMONG US CHILDREN AND YOUTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN OHIO TRAUMA; CHILDHOOD INJURIES; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; HEALTH; RATES; SEX AB Objects. National data are not routinely available regarding the incidence of and associated risk factors for nonfatal injuries in children and youth. The Child Health Supplement to the 1988 National Health interview Survey provided an opportunity to determine accurate national estimates of childhood injury morbidity by demographic factors, location, external cause, nature of injury, and other factors. Methods. The closest adult for 17110 sampled children was asked whether the child had had an injury, accident, or poisoning during the preceding 12 months and about the cause, location, and consequences of the event. An analysis for potential underreporting from 12 months of recall provided adjustments of annual rates to those for a 1-month recall period. Results. On the basis of 2772 reported injuries, the national estimated annual rate for children 0 to 17 years of age was 27 per 100 children after adjustment to 1-month recall. Boys experienced significantly higher rates than girls (risk ratio [RR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37, 1.68), and adolescents experienced the highest overall rate (38 per 100 children) and proportion of serious injuries. Conclusions. Approximately one fourth of US children experience a medically attended injury each year, but the risks vary considerably depending on the characteristics of subgroups and the injury cause. C1 NICHHD, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. BAR ILAN UNIV, DEPT SOCIOL, RAMAT GAN, ISRAEL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED, DEPT PEDIAT, BRONX, NY 10467 USA. NR 36 TC 148 Z9 151 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1995 VL 85 IS 7 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.7.932 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RG549 UT WOS:A1995RG54900010 PM 7604916 ER PT J AU SINGH, GK YU, SM AF SINGH, GK YU, SM TI INFANT-MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES - TRENDS, DIFFERENTIALS, AND PROJECTIONS, 1950 THROUGH 2010 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th National Title V Maternal and Child Health Research Priorities Conference CY JUN, 1994 CL COLUMBIA, MD AB Objectives. This study examined long-term trends and differences in infant mortality in the United States from 1950 through 1991 according to race and ethnicity, education, family. income, and cause of death. Forecasts are made through the year 2010. Methods. Log-linear regression models were applied to data from the National Vital Statistics System, National Linked Birth and Infant Death files, the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey, the National Natality Survey, and the National Infant Mortality Survey to model and forecast infant mortality. Results. Dramatic declines in the US infant mortality rate have occurred in the past 4 decades, largely as a result of declines in mortality from pneumonia and influenza, respiratory distress syndrome, prematurity and low birthweight, congenital anomalies, and accidents. Despite the overall reductions, however, substantial racial/ethnic, educational, and income differences in infant mortality still exist. Conclusions. The long-term downward trend in US infant mortality has not benefited Blacks and Whites equally. The Black/White disparity in infant mortality has not only persisted but increased over time and is not expected to diminish in the near future. Educational inequalities have also widened, and racial disparities have generally increased across all educational levels. C1 US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP SINGH, GK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 26 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1995 VL 85 IS 7 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.7.957 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RG549 UT WOS:A1995RG54900014 PM 7604920 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG CHORBA, TL WAXWEILER, R AF ESCOBEDO, LG CHORBA, TL WAXWEILER, R TI PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL-USE AND THE RISK OF DRINKING AND DRIVING AMONG US HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID ADOLESCENTS; POLICY; YOUTH AB Approximately one third of deaths among persons aged 15 to 24 years are the result of motor vehicle-related crashes. Data from a national sample of us high school students were used to assess patterns of alcohol use among adolescents in relation to the risk of drinking and driving. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated for drinking and driving associated with patterns of alcohol use. Drinking and driving increased with increasing frequency of alcohol use and binge drinking and when alcohol was used in addition to other drugs. Efforts to reduce drinking and driving among adolescents should address underage drinking that is frequent or heavy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1995 VL 85 IS 7 BP 976 EP 978 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.7.976 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RG549 UT WOS:A1995RG54900017 PM 7604923 ER PT J AU COOK, M SIMON, PA HOFFMAN, RE AF COOK, M SIMON, PA HOFFMAN, RE TI UNINTENTIONAL CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONING IN COLORADO, 1986 THROUGH 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID WEST-VIRGINIA; DEATHS AB Unintentional carbon monoxide poisonings were identified through death certificates, by hyperbaric chambers, and by laboratories required to report carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than 12%. From 1986 to 1991, 981 cases were reported, including 174 deaths. Deaths most often resulted from fire-related carbon monoxide intoxication (36.2%), followed by motor vehicle exhaust (34.5%), and furnaces (10.3%). Among nonfatal cases, furnaces were the leading source of carbon monoxide exposure (44.3%), followed by motor vehicle exhaust (22.8%). The importance of furnaces and other home heating devices in carbon monoxide intoxication may be underappreciated if only mortality data are examined. Surveillance of carbon monoxide-related morbidity is a useful adjunct to mortality surveillance in guiding prevention efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP COOK, M (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,4300 CHERRY CREEK DR S,DENVER,CO 80222, USA. NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1995 VL 85 IS 7 BP 988 EP 990 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.7.988 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RG549 UT WOS:A1995RG54900021 PM 7604927 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, JP SANCHEZ, A RICOHESSE, R AF GONZALEZ, JP SANCHEZ, A RICOHESSE, R TI MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF GUANARITO VIRUS, AN EMERGING ARENAVIRUS AFFECTING HUMANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN GENE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; S-RNA; CROSS-REACTIVITY; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MACHUPO VIRUS; JUNIN; COMPLEX AB The nucleotide sequence of a portion of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of the Guanarito virus prototype strain (INH-95551) has been determined. It was obtained by direct RNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment sequencing of the 3' end of the small (S) RNA fragment. A comparison of this 782-nucleotide segment was done with the known homologous gene sequences of five other arenaviruses: Junin, Machupo, Tacaribe, Pichinde, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM). Phylogenetic analysis of the N gene open reading frame showed that Guanarito virus is genetically distinct from other members of the Arenavirus family, with 32% nucleotide sequence divergence from Junin, 30% from Machupo, 32% from Tacaribe, 41% from Pichinde, and 45% from LCM. Comparison of amino acids encoded by this sequence region indicated a probable antigenic domain (amino acids 55-63) shared among all arenaviruses studied to date. Along with its host restriction and focal distribution, our data support the hypothesis that this virus has been evolving independently in its endemic focus, for some time. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ORSTOM,INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,F-75010 PARIS,FRANCE. RP GONZALEZ, JP (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,POB 208023,333 CEDAR ST,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520, USA. RI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/C-5294-2011; OI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/0000-0001-6216-1000; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul/0000-0003-3063-1770 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01124, AI-10984] NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RL499 UT WOS:A1995RL49900001 PM 7542842 ER PT J AU ASTAGNEAU, P ROBERTS, JM STEKETEE, RW WIRIMA, JJ LEPERS, JP DELORON, P AF ASTAGNEAU, P ROBERTS, JM STEKETEE, RW WIRIMA, JJ LEPERS, JP DELORON, P TI ANTIBODIES TO A PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGEN AS A TOOL FOR PREDICTING THE PROTECTION LEVELS OF 2 MALARIA-EXPOSED POPULATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PF155/RESA; MADAGASCAR; RESA AB To evaluate the ability of antibodies to Plasmodium, falciparum ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (Pf155/RESA) epitopes to discriminate between individuals well protected or poorly protected against malaria, a receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed in two populations living in Madagascar and Malawi. The definition of protection was based on longitudinal measurements of clinical malarial attacks during the season of high malaria transmission in the Madagascar study, and on a cross-sectional measurement of parasitemia in the Malawi study. Antibodies to peptides reproducing the 4-mer, 8-mer, and 11-mer of the Pf155/RESA were tested for their reactivities using the Falcon assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maximal detection of poorly protected individuals (specificity = 100%) corresponded to high cutoff antibody titers (range = 1.65-3.0 optical density [OD] units in the Madagascar study and 0.67-1.42 OD units in the Malawi study) and a sensitivity less than 50%. For a given sensitivity of 50%, specificity ranged from 55% to 62% in the Madagascar study, and from 67% to 94% in the Malawi study. The antibody cutoff titers corresponding to minimal misclassification rates ranged from 0.24 to 1.73 OD units in the Madagascar study and from 0.15 to 0.55 OD units in the Malawi study. For each antibody, the highest detectability value as measured by the area under the curve was obtained for anti-R11 in the Malawi study (0.838), In demonstrating such qualities, antibodies to Pf155/RESA epitopes could be used for screening poorly protected populations in which malaria control programs have to be implemented. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. INST PASTEUR MADAGASCAR,UNITE RECH PALUDISME,ANTANANARIVO,MALAGASY REPUBL. RP ASTAGNEAU, P (reprint author), HOP CLAUDE BERNARD,INSERM,U13,190 BD MCDONALD,F-75019 PARIS,FRANCE. RI Deloron, Philippe/G-6305-2010 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RL499 UT WOS:A1995RL49900004 PM 7542843 ER PT J AU HA, DQ CALISHER, CH TIEN, PH KARABATSOS, N GUBLER, DJ AF HA, DQ CALISHER, CH TIEN, PH KARABATSOS, N GUBLER, DJ TI ISOLATION OF A NEWLY RECOGNIZED ALPHAVIRUS FROM MOSQUITOS IN VIETNAM AND EVIDENCE FOR HUMAN INFECTION AND DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB During studies of arboviral epidemiology in Vietnam, five virus isolates were recovered from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes. Three of the five isolates were identified as strains of Japanese encephalitis virus, but the others, collected at Me Tri village, Hanoi, were shown to represent an alphavirus, for which we propose the name Me Tri virus. This newly recognized virus is most closely related to Semliki Forest virus. The two isolates appear to be antigenic subtypes of a single virus, and each was associated with central nervous system illnesses in children. Serologic surveys indicate widespread distribution of these viruses in both humans and livestock in Vietnam. We suggest that Me Tri virus is an etiologic agent of human disease in southeast Asia. C1 NATL INST MALARIA PARASITOL & ENTOMOL,HANOI,VIETNAM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NATL INST HYG & EPIDEMIOL,HANOI,VIETNAM. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1 BP 100 EP 104 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RL499 UT WOS:A1995RL49900019 PM 7625527 ER PT J AU CRABTREE, MB SAVAGE, HM MILLER, BR AF CRABTREE, MB SAVAGE, HM MILLER, BR TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIES-DIAGNOSTIC POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CULEX VECTORS OF ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS BASED ON INTERSPECIES SEQUENCE VARIATION IN RIBOSOMAL DNA SPACERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI; RDNA; POPULATIONS; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITO; DIPTERA; HERMSI; PCR AB Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus) are among the principal vectors of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus in the eastern United States; Cx. restuans and Cx. salinarius play secondary roles in the transmission and maintenance of the virus cycle. Accurate identification of these three species in field collections is required for epidemiologic studies of SLE virus transmission. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for this purpose. Species-specific PCR primers were designed based on interspecies nucleic acid sequence variation in the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA gene array; however insufficient variation was detected to differentiate between subspecies of the Cx. pipiens complex. The primers were used together in a single amplification reaction to correctly identify specimens to species using genomic DNA extracted from whole individual mosquitoes, DNA from triturated mosquito pools, or crude DNA from mosquito heads or legs. RP CRABTREE, MB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ARBOVIRUS DIS BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 14 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 53 IS 1 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RL499 UT WOS:A1995RL49900020 PM 7625528 ER PT J AU FUKUDA, K REEVES, WC STRAUSS, SE AF FUKUDA, K REEVES, WC STRAUSS, SE TI THE CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP FUKUDA, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 123 IS 1 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RE665 UT WOS:A1995RE66500020 ER PT J AU HILL, RH ASHLEY, DL HEAD, SL NEEDHAM, LL PIRKLE, JL AF HILL, RH ASHLEY, DL HEAD, SL NEEDHAM, LL PIRKLE, JL TI P-DICHLOROBENZENE EXPOSURE AMONG 1,000 ADULTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POPULATION; CHEMICALS; URINE AB p-Dichlorobenzene is used widely in the United States as a room deodorizer, a moth repellent, and a precursor for a polymer. In a previous study of selected children in Arkansas, we found that 96% of the children had detectable urinary concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol, the metabolite of p-dichlorobenzene. In the current study, we found that, in a sample of 1 000 adults who lived throughout the United States, 98% had detectable levels of 2,5-dichlorophenol in their urine, and 96% had detectable levels of p-dichlorobenzene in their blood. Urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations ranged up to 8 700 mu g/l (median and mean concentrations of 30 mu g/l and 200 mu g/l, respectively). p-Dichlorobenzene blood concentrations ranged up to 49 mu g/l, with median and mean concentrations of 0.33 mu g/l and 2.1 mu g/l, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient for 2,5-dichlorophenol in urine and p-dichlorobenzene in blood was .82 (p<.0001), thus demonstrating a strong association between these exposure measurements. Neither age nor gender was related to urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol or blood p-dichlorobenzene concentrations (p>.40). When these results are viewed with data from other studies, the collective data show that p-dichlorobenzene is a common, worldwide contaminant. The high prevalence of exposure to p-dichlorobenzene, coupled with its potential for adverse health effects, indicate the need for more detailed studies, including studies of long-term health effects on exposed populations. RP HILL, RH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 50 IS 4 BP 277 EP 280 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RV028 UT WOS:A1995RV02800005 PM 7677426 ER PT J AU CHEEK, JE BARON, R ATLAS, H WILSON, DL CRIDER, RD AF CHEEK, JE BARON, R ATLAS, H WILSON, DL CRIDER, RD TI MUMPS OUTBREAK IN A HIGHLY VACCINATED SCHOOL POPULATION - EVIDENCE FOR LARGE-SCALE VACCINATION FAILURE SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEASLES; EFFICACY AB Objectives: To describe an outbreak and to identify risk factors for mumps occurring in a highly vaccinated high school population. (Note: Highly vaccinated means a population in which more than 95% have been vaccinated.) Design and Participants: Survey and cohort study of 307 (97%) of 318 students. Outcome Measures: Mumps was defined as an illness with 2 or more days of parotid swelling. Serologic confirmation of infection was obtained in eight cases, seven of which were evaluated for presence of IgM antibody using immunofluorescent antibodies. Vaccination records were verified for 297 (97%) students. Results: Between October 3 and November 23, 1990, clinical mumps developed in 54 students (attack rate, 18%), 53 of whom had been vaccinated. Most cases (40 [77%] of 52) occurred 12 to 20 days after a school-wide pep rally. Immunofluorescent antibody testing of all seven specimens demonstrated IgM antibody to mumps. Risk factors for clinical mumps identified in multivariate analyses included female gender (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 5.7) and source of vaccination other than the local public health clinic (students vaccinated by private providers [odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 5.2] or in other districts [odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.3]). Conclusions: The overall attack rate is the highest reported to date (and to our knowledge) for a population demonstrating virtually complete mumps vaccine coverage. Even verified documentation of vaccination may not be an accurate indicator of an individual's protection against mumps. Vaccination failure may play an important role in contemporary mumps outbreaks. We found no evidence to indicate that waning immunity (secondary vaccine failure) contributed significantly to this outbreak. A second dose of mumps vaccine, as recommended using measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, could potentially prevent similar outbreaks in secondary school populations in the future. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. NR 22 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 149 IS 7 BP 774 EP 778 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RH540 UT WOS:A1995RH54000010 PM 7795768 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BH NORMANN, A GRAFF, J FLEHMIG, B FRIEDBERG, D SHOUVAL, D AF ROBERTSON, BH NORMANN, A GRAFF, J FLEHMIG, B FRIEDBERG, D SHOUVAL, D TI HEPATITIS-A VIRUS AND POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AMPLIFICATION - METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS SO BLOOD COAGULATION & FIBRINOLYSIS LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS A VIRUS; HAV; PCR; GENETICS; FACTOR VIII; PARENTERAL TRANSMISSION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; A VIRUS; TRANSFUSION; HEMOPHILIA; OUTBREAK; RNA AB Hepatitis A infection among patients receiving solvent/detergent inactivated factor VIII preparations in various locations in Europe have been documented recently. In investigations in Italy, Germany and Ireland, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to detect hepatitis A virus in frozen plasma pools, purified factor VIII, patient sera and samples from animal transmission studies; nucleic acid sequencing was used to clarify and identify the virus responsible based upon genotype analysis. Unique virus strains were found among the cases in Italy and Germany, and identical virus sequences were also found in some factor VIII lots. However, with the exception of the Italian investigation, lack of appropriate samples have precluded the identification of virus in these outbreaks. In addition, animal infectivity studies have not been successful in demonstrating infectivity under laboratory conditions. We discuss the limitations of PCR amplification with respect to detecting virus within these situations, and the necessity for the corresponding epidemiologic investigations. C1 UNIV TUBINGEN,INST HYG,DEPT MED VIROL & EPIDEMIOL VIRUS DIS,D-72076 TUBINGEN,GERMANY. HADASSAH UNIV HOSP,DIV MED,LIVER UNIT,IL-51120 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP ROBERTSON, BH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0957-5235 J9 BLOOD COAGUL FIBRIN JI Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 SU 2 BP S27 EP S31 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA RW683 UT WOS:A1995RW68300007 PM 7495964 ER PT J AU CNATTINGIUS, S ZACK, M EKBOM, A GUNNARSKOG, J LINET, M ADAMI, HO AF CNATTINGIUS, S ZACK, M EKBOM, A GUNNARSKOG, J LINET, M ADAMI, HO TI PRENATAL AND NEONATAL RISK-FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD MYELOID-LEUKEMIA SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EXPOSURE; ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MATERNAL SMOKING; DOWNS-SYNDROME; CANCER; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; PARENTS; TWINS AB Information about the etiology of childhood myeloid leukemia is limited, A population-based nested case-control study of prenatal and neonatal risk factors for childhood myeloid leukemia was performed with the use of the Swedish National Cancer Register and the Swedish Birth Register, A total of 98 cases of myeloid leukemia were identified in successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1989, From the Birth Register, five controls were matched to each case. Fourteen of the 98 cases with myeloid leukemia and none of the controls had Down syndrome [odds ratio (OR) = infinity; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 21.0-infinity]. The risk for myeloid leukemia also increased among children who had physiological jaundice (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.2-5.0); children who had been treated with phototherapy (OR = 7.5; 95% CI = 1.8-31.9); or who had been treated in an incubator (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.2-10.2). Excluding cases with Down syndrome, however, decreased these risks, so that their 95% lower confidence interval included the no-effect value, Maternal age <20 years old (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.1-6.0), hypertension (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.2-5.0), Cesarean section (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3-4.9), maternal smoking (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 0.9-6.5), and being one of a multiple birth (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.1-11.3) increased the risk for myeloid leukemia among those without Down syndrome, When the analyses were repeated, by restricting the cases to those with acute myeloid leukemia, the risk associated with young maternal age declined and became nonsignificant. Down syndrome is markedly associated with increased risk of myeloid leukemia, Because Down syndrome is underreported in the Birth Register. Down syndrome may give rise to some residual confounding, thereby accounting for some of the other associations obtained, Besides Down syndrome, the other medical condition or factors linked with increased risk of myeloid leukemia, need additional confirmation. C1 UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT SOCIAL MED,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT CANC EPIDEMIOL,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NATL BOARD HLTH & WELF,CTR EPIDEMIOL,S-10630 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NCI,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP CNATTINGIUS, S (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 44 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 4 IS 5 BP 441 EP 445 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RJ656 UT WOS:A1995RJ65600002 PM 7549797 ER PT J AU HALL, HI PRICEGREEN, PA DHARA, VR KAYE, WE AF HALL, HI PRICEGREEN, PA DHARA, VR KAYE, WE TI HEALTH-EFFECTS RELATED TO RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ON THE SUPERFUND PRIORITY LIST SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry maintains an active, state-based surveillance system to record the public health consequences of hazardous substance releases. During 1992, the 9 participating states reported 1,876 events; 80% of the events occurred at fixed facilities, and 20% were transportation related. The most frequently released substances were volatile organic compounds, acids, herbicides, and ammonia. In 263 events, 600 people were injured and 4 died. Employees were injured more frequently (71%) than first responders or the general public. The most frequently reported injuries were respiratory and eye irritation. Evacuations occurred in 13% of the events. These results provide information for preparedness planning and training of first responders and employees. RP HALL, HI (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1995 VL 31 IS 1 BP 2455 EP 2461 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00115-O PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA RL949 UT WOS:A1995RL94900004 PM 7670859 ER PT J AU GRANADE, TC PHILLIPS, SK PAREKH, B PAU, CP GEORGE, JR AF GRANADE, TC PHILLIPS, SK PAREKH, B PAU, CP GEORGE, JR TI ORAL FLUID AS A SPECIMEN FOR DETECTION AND CONFIRMATION OF ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HIV ANTIBODIES; SALIVA; INFECTION; SERUM; DIAGNOSIS; TESTS; RISK AB Paired serum and oral fluid specimens (n = 287) were collected with the Omni-Sal device and were assayed for the presence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs)-Abbott 3A11, an Organon Teknika Corporation research-use-only test, and the Murex GACELISA-were used per the manufacturers' inserts or were modified slightly to accommodate the oral fluid specimens. Compared with serum Western blot (immunoblot) results, each EIA had a sensitivity of 100% and the specificities were 89.6% for the Abbott 3A11 EIA, 96.5% for the GACELISA, and 97.8% for the Organon Teknika Corporation EIA. Specificities based on specimens that were repeatedly reactive were 99.3% for all EIAs; A miniaturized Western blot technique used for confirmatory testing Of both the serum and oral fluid specimens found 149 of the 287 samples to be HIV-1 antibody positive in both sample types. The Western blot banding patterns observed for the serum and oral fluid specimens were essentially identical. Immunoglobulin G concentrations were determined for all oral fluid specimens and ranged from <0.5 to >40.0 (mu g/ml. Immunoglobulin G concentrations did not correlate with the ability of any of the EIAs to detect HIV-1-specific antibody or with the ability of the modified Western blot to detect HIV-1 protein-specific antibodies. RP GRANADE, TC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,D-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 2 IS 4 BP 395 EP 399 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RJ987 UT WOS:A1995RJ98700002 PM 7583912 ER PT J AU MACKENZIE, WR SCHELL, WL BLAIR, KA ADDISS, DG PETERSON, DE HOXIE, NJ KAZMIERCZAK, JJ DAVIS, JP AF MACKENZIE, WR SCHELL, WL BLAIR, KA ADDISS, DG PETERSON, DE HOXIE, NJ KAZMIERCZAK, JJ DAVIS, JP TI MASSIVE OUTBREAK OF WATERBORNE CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION IN MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN - RECURRENCE OF ILLNESS AND RISK OF SECONDARY TRANSMISSION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE CENTER; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS; DIARRHEA; INDIVIDUALS AB Contamination of the public water supply in Milwaukee during March and April 1993 resulted in a massive outbreak of cryptosporidium infection, We investigated the clinical and epidemiological features of visitors to the Milwaukee area in whom cryptosporidiosis developed, and we conducted a telephone survey of Milwaukee County households to evaluate the risk of recurrent illness and secondary transmission. Cryptosporidium infection during this outbreak generally seemed more severe than cases described in previous reports of large case series. The risk of secondary transmission within a household was low (5%) when the index case involved an adult. The recurrence of watery diarrhea after apparent recovery was a frequent occurrence among visitors with laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidium infection (39%) and among visitors and Milwaukee County residents with clinical infection (21%). The interval between the initial recovery and the onset of recurrence was prolonged (greater than or equal to 5 days) in 6%-8% of persons, This pattern of recurrence and its impact on transmission and our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cryptosporidium infection merit further investigation. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI 53703. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CITY MILWAUKEE DEPT HLTH,MILWAUKEE,WI. RI Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 18 TC 185 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 19 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 21 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RG595 UT WOS:A1995RG59500009 PM 7578760 ER PT J AU TREES, DL MORSE, SA AF TREES, DL MORSE, SA TI CHANCROID AND HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI - AN UPDATE SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB Haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative bacillus that causes the sexually transmitted infection chancroid. Chancroid is a major genital ulcerative disease in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America and is of increasing concern in the United States. Genital ulcerative disease and chancroid in particular have been associated with facilitating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. The diagnosis of chancroid based on the clinical appearance of the genital lesion or on the isolation of H. ducreyi on selective medium is relatively insensitive. However; recent advances in nonculture diagnostic rests have enhanced our ability to diagnose chancroid. There has been renewed interest in understanding the pathogenesis of H. ducreyi. In vitro and in vivo models have been developed to help identify important virulence determinants. Through the use of biochemical and molecular techniques, macromolecular components that may be important in virulence have been identified. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 149 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 357 EP 375 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RH120 UT WOS:A1995RH12000003 PM 7553570 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW PERKINS, BA WENGER, JD BERGER, TG AF TAPPERO, JW PERKINS, BA WENGER, JD BERGER, TG TI CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) presents most commonly as a cutaneous disease and is: caused by two organisms, Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana. Biopsy confirmation of cutaneous BA is essential because lesions can mimic nodular Kaposi's sarcoma in appearance. Although the vast majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with BA have CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 100 cells per mm(3), the disease responds well to antimicrobial therapy. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial skin pathogen affecting HIV-infected patients. The prevalence of skin disease due to S. aureus may be explained by high nasal carriage rates for the organism (greater than or equal to 50%) and altered immune function in conjunction with an impaired cutaneous barrier Herpes simplex virus causes mucocutaneous disease early in the course of HIV infection and ulcerative lesions at any site in advanced HIV infection. Herpes tester is common early in the course of HIV infection; recurrent and disseminated herpes tester infections are characteristic of patients with advanced HIV disease. Acyclovir resistance is usually seen in patients with large, untreated ulcerative lesions of herpes simplex virus and in patients with chronic, verrucous lesions of varicella-zoster virus. Cutaneous cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidiomycosis are markers of disseminated disease and require biopsy confirmation. Scabies is easily diagnosed but may be atypical in presentation and difficult to eradicate in advanced HIV disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DBMD,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 8 IS 3 BP 440 EP 450 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RH120 UT WOS:A1995RH12000009 PM 7553576 ER PT J AU WRZOLEK, MA BRUDKOWSKA, J KOZLOWSKI, PB RAO, C ANZIL, AP KLEIN, EA DELROSARIO, C ABDU, A KAUFMAN, L CHANDLER, FW AF WRZOLEK, MA BRUDKOWSKA, J KOZLOWSKI, PB RAO, C ANZIL, AP KLEIN, EA DELROSARIO, C ABDU, A KAUFMAN, L CHANDLER, FW TI OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM IN CHILDREN WITH HIV-INFECTION - REPORT OF 9 AUTOPSY CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE SO CLINICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; CNS; CHILDREN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; AIDS; CRYPTOCOCCOSIS; INFANT; NEUROPATHOLOGY; ENCEPHALOPATHY; TUBERCULOSIS AB Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities attributed to direct effects of HIV infection are seen in most of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Secondary CNS infections with opportunistic and common pathogens are infrequent in this age group. We report 9 cases of opportunistic infection of the CNS found among 65 autopsy cases of pediatric AIDS. These included 4 cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, 1 of which was associated with aspergillosis, and 2 cases of candidiasis, 1 of which coexisted with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection. There were also 2 cases of leptomeningitis, 1 due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the other to Cryptococcus neoformans. In 1 child progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) coexisted with mycotic encephalitis caused by an Aspergillus sp. C1 NEW YORK STATE INST BASIC RES DEV DISABIL,STATEN ISL,NY. STATEN ISL UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,STATEN ISL,NY. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,IMMUNODIAGNOST LAB,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT PATHOL,AUGUSTA,GA. RP WRZOLEK, MA (reprint author), SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,BOX 25,450 CLARKSON AVE,BROOKLYN,NY 11203, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD24884] NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU DUSTRI-VERLAG DR KARL FEISTLE PI MUNCHEN-DEISENHOFEN PA BAHNHOFSTRABE 9 POSTFACH 49, W-8024 MUNCHEN-DEISENHOFEN, GERMANY SN 0722-5091 J9 CLIN NEUROPATHOL JI Clin. Neuropathol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 187 EP 196 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA RM250 UT WOS:A1995RM25000001 PM 8521620 ER PT J AU DENNIS, DT AF DENNIS, DT TI LYME-DISEASE SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Review AB Lyme disease is a multistage, multisystem, tick-borne zoonotic infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is the most frequently reported vector-borne infectious disease in the United States. Lyme disease is widely distributed throughout the temperate northern hemisphere, including areas of North America, Europe, and northern Asia. In the United States, it is a relatively new and emerging infectious disease that challenges epidemiologists and clinicians alike. RP DENNIS, DT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 537 EP 551 PG 15 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA RK278 UT WOS:A1995RK27800004 PM 7554502 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL AF ATKINSON, WL TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF MEASLES SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article AB Measles is a highly contagious viral illness which once affected more than 95% of persons in the United States. Since licensure of a safe and highly effective vaccine, measles incidence has fallen to less than 1% of prevaccination levels. A relative resurgence of measles during 1989-1991, however, focused attention on the need to maintain high immunization levels, particularly among preschool-aged children in urban areas. Improved vaccine coverage levels and a second-dose strategy to eliminate susceptibilities resulting from vaccine failure can help achieve the goal of elimination of indigenous measles from the United States by 1996. RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 553 EP 559 PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA RK278 UT WOS:A1995RK27800005 PM 7554503 ER PT J AU DROTMAN, DP PETERMAN, TA FRIEDMANKIEN, AE AF DROTMAN, DP PETERMAN, TA FRIEDMANKIEN, AE TI KAPOSIS-SARCOMA - HOW CAN EPIDEMIOLOGY HELP FIND THE CAUSE SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article AB Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in AIDS patients. Neither the cause nor a cure for AIDS-related KS is known. KS serves as a striking example of how epidemiologists seek the cause of any disease. Epidemiologic analysis of reported KS cases is revealing but not definitive. The leading hypotheses for the cause of AIDS-related KS are an as-yet-unidentified sexually transmitted infectious agent and exposure to inhalant alkyl nitrites, often called poppers. Epidemiology suggests that persons can reduce their risk of KS by avoiding nitrite inhalants and changing behavior to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. RP DROTMAN, DP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP G-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 575 EP 582 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA RK278 UT WOS:A1995RK27800007 PM 7554505 ER PT J AU LUSHNIAK, BD AF LUSHNIAK, BD TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OCCUPATIONAL CONTACT-DERMATITIS SO DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article AB The dermatologist who is aware of the epidemiology of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) can find this information helpful in making a diagnosis, determining etiology, and recommending preventive efforts. This article reviews some of the available epidemiologic data sources and their limitations. These data sources provide important information on the prevalence and incidence, the public health importance, the risk factors, the common etiologic agents, the prognosis, and the preventive measures for OCD. RP LUSHNIAK, BD (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0733-8635 J9 DERMATOL CLIN JI Dermatol. Clin. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 13 IS 3 BP 671 EP 680 PG 10 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA RK278 UT WOS:A1995RK27800016 PM 7554514 ER PT J AU ENGELGAU, MM HERMAN, WH SMITH, PJ GERMAN, RR AUBERT, RE AF ENGELGAU, MM HERMAN, WH SMITH, PJ GERMAN, RR AUBERT, RE TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DIABETES AND PREGNANCY IN THE US, 1988 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Note ID PREVALENCE; RACE AB OBJECTIVE-To determine the prevalence of pregnancy complicated by diabetes in a representative sample of the U.S. population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-We analyzed data from a multistaged cross-sectional probability sample of live births recorded in the U.S. in 1988 for women 15-49 years of age. The main outcome measure was pregnancy complicated by diabetes. RESULTS-Diabetes was present in similar to 154,000 (4%) of all pregnancies in the U.S. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) accounted for 135,000 of such pregnancies (88%), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) for 12,000 (8%), and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 7,000 (4%). On average, the mothers with NIDDM (29.6 years) and GDM (29.3 years) were older than mothers whose pregnancies were not complicated by diabetes (26.2 years; P < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, the odds of having a pregnancy complicated by GDM increased significantly with maternal age and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS-Pregnancy is complicated by diabetes more often than was previously believed. More frequent testing may further increase the apparent prevalence of GDM. RP ENGELGAU, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 1995 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1029 EP 1033 DI 10.2337/diacare.18.7.1029 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA RF116 UT WOS:A1995RF11600021 PM 7555537 ER PT J AU LEMKIN, PF ORR, GA GOLDSTEIN, MP CREED, J WHITLEY, E MYRICK, JE MERRIL, CR AF LEMKIN, PF ORR, GA GOLDSTEIN, MP CREED, J WHITLEY, E MYRICK, JE MERRIL, CR TI THE PROTEIN DISEASE DATABASE SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2D Electrophoresis - From Protein Maps to Genomes CY SEP 05-07, 1994 CL SIENA, ITALY DE PROTEIN DISEASE DATABASE; WORLDWIDE WEB; DATABASE; INTERNET; BODY FLUIDS C1 PRI DYNCORP,FCRDC,FREDERICK,MD 21701. MONOCLONET INT,HOUSTON,TX. MIMH,CTR NEUROSCI,LBG,WASHINGTON,DC. NCHGR,BETHESDA,MD. NCEH,CDC,ATLANTA,GA. RP LEMKIN, PF (reprint author), NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,LMMB,IMAGE PROC SECT,BLDG 469,RM 150,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 1995 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1175 EP 1175 DI 10.1002/elps.11501601194 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RN716 UT WOS:A1995RN71600013 PM 7498161 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, MK MYRICK, JE HENDERSON, LO COLES, CD POWELL, MK ORR, GA LEMKIN, PF AF ROBINSON, MK MYRICK, JE HENDERSON, LO COLES, CD POWELL, MK ORR, GA LEMKIN, PF TI 2-DIMENSIONAL PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AND MULTIPLE HYPOTHESIS-TESTING TO DETECT POTENTIAL SERUM-PROTEIN BIOMARKERS IN CHILDREN WITH FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2D Electrophoresis - From Protein Maps to Genomes CY SEP 05-07, 1994 CL SIENA, ITALY DE 2-DIMENSIONAL POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; HUMAN SERUM PROTEINS ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN; MEAN CELL-VOLUME; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; ACID SYNTHESIS; ETHANOL; DEHYDROGENASE; CONSUMPTION; INFANTS AB Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) surveillance and intervention efforts are hampered by the lack of a specific biochemical test for diagnosis of the syndrome. Based on the hypothesis that abnormalities in growth and development (key features of FAS) involve altered protein metabolism, ive analyzed serum proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image analysis to search for potential protein biomarkers of FAS. Serum samples from 12 participants in whom FAS had been diagnosed and 8 sex- and age-matched participants whose mothers did not consume alcohol were analyzed in duplicate to determine whether the integrated intensities of matched proteins are significantly altered in children with FAS. Multiple hypothesis testing on 34 of the gels consisting of more than 1700 spots per gel revealed 21 proteins that we classified as potential protein biomarkers of FAS on the basis of significant t-test differences at p < 0.02. We classified 8 of the proteins as candidate biomarkers on the basis of significant concentration differences between case and control subjects at p < 0.01. One of the proteins is clearly an isoform of retinol binding protein; two appear in the area of the gel where alcohol dehydrogenase is expected to appear; one appears to be an isoform of alpha-l-antitrypsin; three appear to be isoforms of the beta-chain of haptoglobin; three may be forms of immunoglobulin light chains; and several others have not been associated with known proteins. No single protein differentiated all case subjects from control subjects, but stepwise canonical discriminant analyses revealed four groups of spots that distinguished between FAS case and control subjects with no misclassifications. Because of the small number of samples analyzed, we have not positively identified the proteins. It will be necessary to confirm our observations using additional samples before identifying each protein. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,GEORGIA MENTAL HLTH INST,DEPT PSYCHIAT,HUMAN & BEHAV GENET LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,PRI DYNCORP,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,DCBDC,FREDERICK,MD. RP ROBINSON, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUL PY 1995 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1176 EP 1183 DI 10.1002/elps.11501601195 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA RN716 UT WOS:A1995RN71600014 PM 7498162 ER PT J AU PIENIAZEK, D JANINI, LM RAMOS, A TANURI, A SCHECHTER, M PERALTA, M VICENTE, ACP PIENIAZEK, NJ SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA AF PIENIAZEK, D JANINI, LM RAMOS, A TANURI, A SCHECHTER, M PERALTA, M VICENTE, ACP PIENIAZEK, NJ SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA TI HIV-1 PATIENTS MAY HARBOR VIRUSES OF DIFFERENT PHYLOGENETIC SUBTYPES - IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION C1 FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,BR-21945 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. HOSP CLEMENTINO FRAGA FILHO,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. INST OSWALDO CRUZ,BR-20001 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RP PIENIAZEK, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 86 EP 88 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000003 PM 8903169 ER PT J AU BANDEA, CI RAMOS, A PIENIAZEK, D PASCU, R TANURI, A SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA AF BANDEA, CI RAMOS, A PIENIAZEK, D PASCU, R TANURI, A SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ROMANIAN AND BRAZILIAN HIV-1 SUBTYPE-F STRAINS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note C1 FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,BR-21945 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV MED & PHARM TG MURES,TIRGU MURES,ROMANIA. RP BANDEA, CI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 91 EP 93 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000005 PM 8903171 ER PT J AU MAHON, BE ROHN, DD PACK, SR TAUXE, RV AF MAHON, BE ROHN, DD PACK, SR TAUXE, RV TI ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION FACILITATES INVESTIGATION OF A HIGHLY DISPERSED FOODBORNE OUTBREAK - SALMONELLA ON THE SUPERHIGHWAY SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21202. BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS,BALTIMORE,MD. RP MAHON, BE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 94 EP 95 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000006 PM 8903172 ER PT J AU SANCHEZ, A KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST KHAN, AS MAHY, BWJ AF SANCHEZ, A KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST KHAN, AS MAHY, BWJ TI REEMERGENCE OF EBOLA VIRUS IN AFRICA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note RP SANCHEZ, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000007 PM 8903173 ER PT J AU KILGORE, PE PETERS, CJ MILLS, JN ROLLIN, PE ARMSTRONG, L KHAN, AS KSIAZEK, TG AF KILGORE, PE PETERS, CJ MILLS, JN ROLLIN, PE ARMSTRONG, L KHAN, AS KSIAZEK, TG TI PROSPECTS FOR THE CONTROL OF BOLIVIAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note RP KILGORE, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Kilgore, Paul/L-1462-2013 OI Kilgore, Paul/0000-0003-3214-4482 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 97 EP 100 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000008 PM 8903174 ER PT J AU HUGHES, JM AF HUGHES, JM TI CONFERENCE ON EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES - MEETING THE CHALLENGE SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material RP HUGHES, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000009 PM 8903175 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK AF KAPLAN, JE MASUR, H HOLMES, KK TI USPHS AND IDSA COLLABORATE ON GUIDELINES TO PREVENT OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN HIV-INFECTED PERSONS SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 1 IS 3 BP 102 EP 103 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA TD320 UT WOS:A1995TD32000011 PM 8903176 ER PT J AU Malkin, R AF Malkin, R TI Occupational and environmental lead and PCB exposure at a scrap metal dealer SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB Blood lead levels (BPb) and serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels (PCB) were obtained from 17 employees at two adjacent scrap metal dealers. One facility was located outdoors, directly on top of soil known to be contaminated with lead and PCBs, and the other was located indoors with a concrete floor. BPbs ranged from 4.0 to 39.8 mu g/dl (mean 19.9 mu g/dl, geometric mean 17.5 mu g/dl) and PCB levels ranged from < 1 to 65.3 ppb (mean 7.5 ppb). There was no significant difference in either BPb or serum PCB between the two sites. BPb was significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked at work, and both BPb and serum PCB were significantly related to eating lunch outside the lunchroom, suggesting hand-to-mouth contact as a source of exposure. The lack of difference in BPb between employees of the two scrap metal dealers suggests an ongoing source of lead exposure at the sites, other than the soil. RP Malkin, R (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAIL STOP R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 70 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1006/enrs.1995.1041 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA UG946 UT WOS:A1995UG94600004 PM 8603654 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA EBERHARDT, S AF HAHN, RA EBERHARDT, S TI LIFE EXPECTANCY IN 4 US RACIAL ETHNIC POPULATIONS - 1990 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LIFE EXPECTANCY; ETHNIC GROUPS; RACE; POPULATION STUDY; GENDER; MORTALITY; MISCLASSIFICATION AB Previous estimates of life expectancy in the United States have not corrected for biases in population and mortality data, and no study has examined life expectancy in U.S. Asian/Pacific Islander and American Indian populations. We used information on population undercounts by race/ethnicity in the census and on misclassification of race/ethnicity on death certificates to calculate life expectancy for black, white, American Indian, and Asian men and women in the United States in 1990. Correction for undercount and misclassification had little effect on life expectancy estimates for whites, but it substantially decreased estimates for American Indians and Asians. Asian men had life expectancies of 82.0 years and Asian women 85.8 years-the highest life expectancies reported for any population in the world and beyond the limit predicted by some current theories. RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1097/00001648-199507000-00004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF747 UT WOS:A1995RF74700004 PM 7548340 ER PT J AU SALVAN, A STAYNER, L STEENLAND, K SMITH, R AF SALVAN, A STAYNER, L STEENLAND, K SMITH, R TI SELECTING AN EXPOSURE LAG PERIOD SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; DATA ANALYSIS; MISCLASSIFICATION AB In epidemiology, there is an inclination to consider more credible the larger estimates of exposure effect. For example, higher relative risks or rate ratios are often emphasized as a criterion for choosing among various hypothesized exposure-lag values. An alternative criterion for this choice might be based on a goodness of-fit measure. We present examples, based on hypothetical data, in which an exposure lag parameter is:estimated by trial and error fitting: we compare the behavior of the likelihood-ratio goodness of-fit statistic ob rained over the assigned values of the parameter with that of the relative risk. We show that there can be inconsistencies between the highest estimate and likelihood based goodness-of-fit criteria. Concern about the validity of the highest-estimate criterion prompts us to recommend that this criterion not be used for the estimation of exposure weighting parameters, which should preferably be based on a priori biological knowledge edge or on goodness of-fit criteria. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 387 EP 390 DI 10.1097/00001648-199507000-00010 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF747 UT WOS:A1995RF74700010 PM 7548346 ER PT J AU STONE, KM ZAIDI, A ROSEROBIXBY, L OBERLE, MW REYNOLDS, G LARSEN, S NAHMIAS, AJ LEE, FK SCHACHTER, J GUINAN, ME AF STONE, KM ZAIDI, A ROSEROBIXBY, L OBERLE, MW REYNOLDS, G LARSEN, S NAHMIAS, AJ LEE, FK SCHACHTER, J GUINAN, ME TI SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR, SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES, AND RISK OF CERVICAL-CANCER SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CERVICAL CANCER; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS; CHLAMYDIA; PARITY; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AB To explore sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior as risk factors for cervical cancer, we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of breast and cervical cancer in Costa Rica. Data from 415 cases of cervical carcinoma in situ, 149 cases of invasive cervical cancer, and 764 controls were included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that lifetime number of sex partners, first intercourse before age 15 years, number of livebirths, herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositivity, and serologic evidence of previous chlamydial infection were predictors of carcinoma in situ. Serologic evidence of previous syphilis was not associated with carcinoma in situ. Predictors for invasive cervical cancer included lifetime number of sex partners, first intercourse before age 15 years, number of livebirths, serologic evidence of previous syphilis, herpes simplex type 2 infection, and chlamydial infection. Cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status, self-reported history of sexually transmitted diseases, and douching were not associated with either carcinoma in situ or invasive cervical cancer. RP STONE, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [19954] NR 0 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 6 IS 4 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1097/00001648-199507000-00014 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RF747 UT WOS:A1995RF74700014 PM 7548350 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, D ALTER, MJ MORSE, S AF SIEGEL, D ALTER, MJ MORSE, S TI HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION IN HIGH-RISK INNER-CITY NEIGHBORHOODS IN SAN-FRANCISCO SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; MULTIETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; MEN; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AMERICA; HEALTH AB To examine the extent of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in an inner-city community, we determined the prevalence, incidence, and correlates of HBV seroreactivity in a representative sample of unmarried whites, African-Americans, and Hispanics living in San Francisco during 1988 to 1989 and again 1 year later in 1989 to 1990. Unmarried men and women aged 20 to 44 years were surveyed in a random household sample drawn from three neighborhoods of varying geographic and cultural characteristics. Hepatitis B infection was determined by testing specimens for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Of blood samples available from 1,108 participants from the initial survey, 159 (14%) were anti-HBc positive. There was a strong positive association between anti-HBc positivity and positive serological tests for human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus type 2, and syphilis. In women and heterosexual men, after controlling for other variables, anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with older age (P < .001), nonwhite ethnicity (P < .01), less education (P < .05), injection drug use (P < .001), being paid for sex (P < .05), and Lifetime number of sexual partners (P < .05). Among homosexually active men, after controlling for other variables, anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with nonwhite ethnicity (P < .001), injection drug use in a sexual partner (P < .05), and number of lifetime sexual partners (P < .05). There were 19 (3.2%) incident HBV infections. Participants who used injection drugs (relative risk [RR], 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9 to 17.4), crack cocaine (RR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 9.6), or who were paid for sex (RR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 41.1) were more likely to have recently acquired HBV than participants who did not practice these activities. HBV antibodies were found in 14% of an ethnically diverse community based sample, and in general were associated with serological evidence of and risk behaviors for sexually transmitted diseases as well as with injection drug use. Subjects with incident compared with those with prevalent HBV infections were younger, more commonly heterosexual, and more commonly illicit drug users. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459] NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JUL PY 1995 VL 22 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA RJ638 UT WOS:A1995RJ63800007 PM 7601432 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA LARSEN, SA BECKSAGUE, C FEARS, M RICE, RJ AF SCHWARTZ, DA LARSEN, SA BECKSAGUE, C FEARS, M RICE, RJ TI PATHOLOGY OF THE UMBILICAL-CORD IN CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS - ANALYSIS OF 25 SPECIMENS USING HISTOCHEMISTRY AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TO TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CONGENITAL INFECTION; PLACENTA; UMBILICAL CORD; STILLBIRTH; SYPHILIS; TREPONEMA PALLIDUM; IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANTIBODY ID NECROTIZING FUNISITIS; PERINATAL INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Identification of Treponema pallidum in the placenta is important for diagnosis of congenital syphilis; however, spirochetes are difficult to observe in chorionic villi. To determine the sensitivity of umbilical cord examination for T pallidum, and the association of spirochetes with cord pathology, placentas were prospectively obtained from 25 women with untreated syphilis. The most common finding using hematoxylin-eosin staining was a normal-appearing umbilical cord (48%); necrotizing funisitis: was the most frequent pathological lesion (36%). Spirochetes were detected using silver and immunofluorescent staining in 89% of cords, including 92% of histologically normal and 84% of abnormal cords. Three specimens showed subamnionic aggregates of spirochetes, consistent with amniotic fluid infection. Necrotizing funisitis was strongly associated with umbilical artery infection spirochetes (P =.008), There was a 100% correlation between results of silver and immunofluorescent staining. The umbilical cord is a sensitive site for morphological confirmation of T pallidum; it is significant for the pathologist that spirochetes may often be detected in the absence of overt tissue inflammation or necrosis. Copyright (C) 1995 by W.B. Saunders Company C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI32341-01] NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 26 IS 7 BP 784 EP 791 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(95)90228-7 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA RH907 UT WOS:A1995RH90700014 PM 7628852 ER PT J AU BURT, VL CUTLER, JA HIGGINS, M HORAN, MJ LABARTHE, D WHELTON, P BROWN, C ROCCELLA, EJ AF BURT, VL CUTLER, JA HIGGINS, M HORAN, MJ LABARTHE, D WHELTON, P BROWN, C ROCCELLA, EJ TI TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF HYPERTENSION IN THE ADULT US POPULATION - DATA FROM THE HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, 1960 TO 1991 SO HYPERTENSION LA English DT Article DE HYPERTENSION, ESSENTIAL; BLOOD PRESSURE; PREVALENCE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; NHANES ID NUTRITION-EXAMINATION-SURVEY; BLOOD-PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; HISPANIC-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; HHANES; RISK AB The objective of this study was to describe secular trends in the distribution of blood pressure and prevalence of hypertension in US adults and changes in rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. The study design comprised nationally representative cross-sectional surveys with both an in-person interview and a medical examination that included blood pressure measurement. Between 6530 and 13 645 adults, aged 18 through 74 years, were examined in each of four separate national surveys during 1960-1962, 1971-1974, 1976-1980, and 1985-1991. Protocols for blood pressure measurement varied significantly across the surveys and are presented in detail. Between the first (1971-1974) and second (1976-1980) National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I and NHANES II, respectively), age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension at greater than or equal to 160/95 mm Hg remained stable at approximately 20%. In NHANES III (1988-1991), it was 14.2%. Age-adjusted prevalence at greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg peaked at 36.3% in NHANES I and declined to 20.4% in NHANES III. Age-specific prevalence rates have decreased for every age-sex-race subgroup except for black men aged 50 and older. Age-adjusted mean systolic pressures declined progressively from 131 mm Hg at the NHANES I examination to 119 mm Hg at the NHANES III examination. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures of every sex-race subgroup declined between NHANES II and III (3 to 6 mm Hg systolic, 6 to 9 mm Hg diastolic). During the interval between NHANES II and III, the threshold for defining hypertension was changed from 160/95 to 140/90 mm Hg. Hypertension awareness has increased substantially at both thresholds, to 89% and 73% for 160/1995 and 140/90 mm Hg, respectively. Compared with only 16% of all people with hypertension being <160/95 mm Hg in 1960-1962 and 1971-1974, 64% of all people with hypertension now have it controlled to below the 160/95 mm Hg threshold but only 29% to below 140/90 mm Hg. For people with treated hypertension, the rate of control (<140/90 mm Hg) ranges from 47% of black men to 60% of white women. Hypertension prevalence in the United States has declined progressively since 1971, and the distributions of systolic and diastolic pressures have shifted downward during the approximately 30-year period between 1960-1962 and 1988-1991. Variation in blood pressure measurement techniques may explain some of the decline in prevalence and the downward shift in distribution. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control also have improved tremendously during the same period, accounting for much of the shift at the upper end of the distribution. Despite these favorable trends, many people with hypertension are unaware of their condition, and many more are untreated or inadequately treated. C1 NHLBI, NATL HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE EDUC PROGRAM, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST, BALTIMORE, MD USA. UNIV TEXAS, HOUSTON HLTH SCI CTR, SCH PUBL HLTH, HOUSTON, TX USA. NR 43 TC 916 Z9 935 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0194-911X EI 1524-4563 J9 HYPERTENSION JI Hypertension PD JUL PY 1995 VL 26 IS 1 BP 60 EP 69 PG 10 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RH917 UT WOS:A1995RH91700012 PM 7607734 ER PT J AU MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM HUTWAGNER, LC SCHIFF, TA AF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM HUTWAGNER, LC SCHIFF, TA TI EVALUATION OF THERAPY FOR NOCARDIA-ASTEROIDES COMPLEX INFECTIONS SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMIKACIN; PNEUMONIA; IMIPENEM; DAPSONE; VIRUS; PS-15; MICE C1 NYU,MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP MCNEIL, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 4 IS 4 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1097/00019048-199507000-00011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RM523 UT WOS:A1995RM52300006 ER PT J AU OSTRO, BD LIPSETT, MJ MANN, JK BRAXTONOWENS, H WHITE, MC AF OSTRO, BD LIPSETT, MJ MANN, JK BRAXTONOWENS, H WHITE, MC TI AIR-POLLUTION AND ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN IN LOS-ANGELES SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Mortality and Morbidity CY JAN 24-25, 1994 CL NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR, IRVINE, CA SP Calif Air Resources Board, US EPA, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res, Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine Occupat Hlth Ctr HO NATL ACAD SCI & ENGN, ARNOLD & MABEL BECKMAN CTR ID RESPIRATORY HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CHANGING PATTERNS; MORTALITY; OZONE; VISITS AB Clinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that particulate matter and ozone are associated with exacerbations of asthma. African-American children, who experienced a marked increase in asthma morbidity and mortality during the 1980s, may represent a particularly sensitive subgroup. In order to examine potential effects of air pollution on exacerbations of asthma, a panel of 83 African-American children, aged 7-12 yr, were recruited from 4 allergy and pediatrics clinics in central Los Angeles and two asthma camps in the summer of 1992. Daily data on asthma symptoms, medication use, and peak flows were recorded for 3 mo and examined in conjunction with data on PM-10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, pollens, molds, and meteorologic factors. Using multiple logistic regression analysis corrected for autocorrelation, the daily probability of shortness of breath was shown to be associated with both ozone and PM-IO concentrations. The effect of particles on shortness of breath was greater among children with moderate or severe asthma. These findings were confirmed by an individual-level analysis that took full advantage of the panel study design. C1 CALIF PUBL HLTH FDN,BERKELEY,CA. NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP OSTRO, BD (reprint author), CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,AIR POLLUT EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 18 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 7 IS 5 BP 711 EP 722 DI 10.3109/08958379509014475 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RK843 UT WOS:A1995RK84300011 ER PT J AU DEJOY, DM MURPHY, LR GERSHON, RM AF DEJOY, DM MURPHY, LR GERSHON, RM TI THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE, JOB TASK, AND ORGANIZATIONAL-FACTORS ON ADHERENCE TO UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS AMONG NURSES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE SAFETY CLIMATE; WORKER PROTECTION; JOB CHARACTERISTICS; ORGANIZATIONAL FACTORS; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; HIV/AIDS ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; SAFETY CLIMATE; PHYSICIANS; INFECTION; PROFESSIONALS; ATTITUDES; EMERGENCY; EXPOSURES; BLOOD; AIDS AB Universal precautions (UP) refer to recommended work practices designed to help prevent occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne pathogens in health care settings. However, despite widespread dissemination of UP guidelines and subsequent government regulatory action, worker adherence remains less than satisfactory. The present study used hierarchical, multiple regression analysis to examine the relative influence of four sets of factors on worker adherence to UP: demographics, personal characteristics, job/task factors, and organization-level factors. Data were analyzed on a sample of 451 nurses employed at a large U.S. medical center. Consistent with the general hypothesis of the study, job/task and organization-level factors were the best predictors of adherence. Using the results from the study, a heuristic model of the adherence process is proposed that highlights the contributions of job hindrances and organizational safety climate to UP-related behavior. A three-pronged intervention strategy is also presented that emphasizes (1) the availability and accessibility of personal protective devices, (2) the reduction of UP-related job hindrances and barriers, and (3) improvements in safety performance feedback and related communications. Given the preliminary nature of this study, several recommendations for future research are also offered. Relevance to industry Efforts to enhance the use of personal protective equipment should extend beyond equipment availability and traditional motivational/enforcement activities. Worker adherence is likely to benefit from careful analysis of specific job requirements and the provision of a supportive organizational safety climate. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP DEJOY, DM (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT HLTH PROMOT & BEHAV,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 32 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 16 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1016/0169-8141(94)00075-E PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA RK300 UT WOS:A1995RK30000005 ER PT J AU HEITGERD, JL BURG, JAR STRICKLAND, HG AF HEITGERD, JL BURG, JAR STRICKLAND, HG TI A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ESTIMATING AND ASSESSING NATIONAL-PRIORITIES LIST SITE DEMOGRAPHICS - RACIAL AND HISPANIC ORIGIN COMPOSITION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEMOGRAPHICS; ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; GIS; NPL AB Demographic studies used to investigate whether minorities are more likely to live near hazardous waste sites have resulted in varying conclusions. Some reasons for these inconsistencies may be due to the design of studies used to collect and compare demographic information. In the research reported here, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach to characterizing total population, by race and Hispanic origin, for areas within a mile of 1,200 National Priorities List (NPL) sites across the United States, was used. An intra-county statistical comparison was made between racial and Hispanic origin subpopulations living within one mile of a site and the subpopulations living in the same county, but more than one mile from the site. These results show that the percentage of the population reporting in a minority category is higher in areas nearer the NPL sites. We believe that a GIS approach is most appropriate for obtaining site-specific information and should be used as a tool in future demographic studies of areas near environmental hazards. C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1054-044X J9 INT J OCCUP MED TOX JI Int. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 4 IS 3 BP 343 EP 363 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA TH284 UT WOS:A1995TH28400003 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, SD CONLEY, LJ LUBY, SP COHN, S WONG, LC VLAHOV, D AF HOLMBERG, SD CONLEY, LJ LUBY, SP COHN, S WONG, LC VLAHOV, D TI RECENT INFECTION WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AND POSSIBLE RAPID LOSS OF CD4 T-LYMPHOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD4 T-LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; EARLY HIV INFECTION; HIV INFECTIVITY ID BISEXUAL MEN; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; COHORT; AIDS; COUNTS AB To assess a hypothesized trend that persons recently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have more rapid declines in absolute CD4 T-lymphocyte (CD4(+) cell) counts than those who were HIV infected in earlier years, sequential CD4(+) cell counts in three groups who had definable dates of HIV seroconversion between 1978 and 1992 were reviewed. The CD4+ cell counts examined were from some of the longest extant studies in the United States. 100 homosexual and bisexual men engaged in ongoing observational cohort studies in San Francisco, Denver, and Chicago since 1978 (Group 1); 89 persons in South Carolina infected after 1986 (Group 2); and 155 injecting drug users participating in an observational cohort study in Baltimore since 1985 (Group 3). For all groups, individually and in the aggregate, mean CD4(+) cell counts declined rapidly in the first year after HIV infection and then stabilized. However, there was no clear trend for lower (or higher) CD4(+) cell counts by fixed time after HIV seroconversion among those seroconverting in recent compared with earlier calendar years. These data do no support a hypothesized trend for more rapid loss of CD4 T lymphocytes-and, by implication, more pathogenic strains of HIV-1-among persons acquiring HIV infection in recent years. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD USA. RP HOLMBERG, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP E-45, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA RL103 UT WOS:A1995RL10300012 PM 7788428 ER PT J AU NORMAN, AF REGNERY, R JAMESON, P GREENE, C KRAUSE, DC AF NORMAN, AF REGNERY, R JAMESON, P GREENE, C KRAUSE, DC TI DIFFERENTIATION OF BARTONELLA-LIKE ISOLATES AT THE SPECIES LEVEL BY PCR-RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM IN THE CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; ROCHALIMAEA; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; SKIN AB The citrate synthase gene (gltA) of Bartonella henselae was cloned and sequenced to compare genetic divergence among alpha and gamma branches of the class Proteobacteria and to develop enhanced genotypic reagents for B. henselae identification. B, henselae gltA is 1,293 nucleotides in length and 63 to 66% homologous with corresponding gene sequences of Rickettsia prowazekii, Escherichia coli, and Coxiella burnetii. The observed genetic variability suggests that gltA sequences can provide a useful means for studying moderate divergence among related bacteria, Oligonucleotides specific for B. henselae gltA were evaluated for the ability to prime PCR amplification within the alpha and gamma branches of the proteobacteria, Under the conditions used, only B. henselae, Bartonella quintana, and R. prowazekii template DNAs yielded amplification products (approximately 380 bp), DNAs from 28 Bartonella-like isolates of feline origin were amplified by B, henselae primers and analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphism. The resulting patterns for all 28 isolates were similar or identical to that of the recognized B, henselae strain, Current studies are aimed at optimization of PCR conditions for specificity and sensitivity of amplification Of Bartonella sequences from clinical isolates. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH VET MED,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 27 TC 288 Z9 308 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1797 EP 1803 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RD990 UT WOS:A1995RD99000024 PM 7545181 ER PT J AU NOLTE, FS METCHOCK, B WILLIAMS, T DIEM, L BRESSLER, A TENOVER, FC AF NOLTE, FS METCHOCK, B WILLIAMS, T DIEM, L BRESSLER, A TENOVER, FC TI DETECTION OF PENICILLIN-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE WITH COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE BROTH MICRODILUTION PANELS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB We compared penicillin MICs obtained with three different commercially available broth microdilution panels (MicroScan, Sensititre, and Pasco) with MICs obtained with reference microdilution panels for 20 well-characterized pneumococci with decreased susceptibilities to penicillin (7 resistant and 13 intermediate), All panels were supplemented with 2 to 5% lysed horse blood (LHB) prepared in-house, Additional supplements included fastidious inoculum broth (FIB) for MicroScan panels and commercially prepared LHB (Difco) for Pasco panels, The percentages of penicillin-resistant strains (MIC 2 mu g/ml) detected by the different methods follow: MicroScan-FIB, 0; MicroScan-LHB 0; Pasco in-house LHB, 71; and Sensititre-LHB, 100, The percentages of intermediate strains (MIC = 0.1 to 1.0 mu g/ml) detected by the different methods follow: MicroScan-FIB, 31; MicroScan-LHB 23; Pasco in-house LHB, 46; and Sensititre-LHB, 85, Difco LHB supplement failed to support the growth of 86% of the strains in the Pasco panels, Of the commercially available panels evaluated, only Sensititre, supplemented with LHB prepared in-house could reliably detect penicillin-resistant pneumococci. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP NOLTE, FS (reprint author), EMORY UNIV HOSP,CLIN LABS,1364 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1804 EP 1806 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RD990 UT WOS:A1995RD99000025 PM 7665649 ER PT J AU SWIERKOSZ, EM ERDMAN, DD BONNOT, T SCHNEIDERHEINZE, C WANER, JL AF SWIERKOSZ, EM ERDMAN, DD BONNOT, T SCHNEIDERHEINZE, C WANER, JL TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NATURALLY-OCCURRING PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS VARIANT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PARA-INFLUENZA-3 VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TYPE-3; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; GENES AB A parainfluenza 3 virus variant which failed to react with parainfluenza 3 virus-specific monoclonal antibodies from two commercial sources was isolated from a 14-month-old boy. Analysis of the coding region of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene identified 36 nucleotide changes and 3 amino acid changes compared,vith a consensus sequence derived from strains isolated from 1957 through 1983. Two unique amino acid changes occurred at positions 174 and 283, which are close to identified epitopes in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein. Ongoing viral surveillance to detect variants is important, particularly in regard to vaccine development. C1 ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. CARDINAL GLENNON CHILDRENS HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. PEDIAT RES INST,ST LOUIS,MO 63104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. RP SWIERKOSZ, EM (reprint author), ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,1465 S GRAND BLVD,ST LOUIS,MO 63104, USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1839 EP 1841 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RD990 UT WOS:A1995RD99000032 PM 7665656 ER PT J AU BRANDT, ME HUTWAGNER, LC KUYKENDALL, RJ PINNER, RW STEPHENS, D FARLEY, M RIMLAND, D BAUGHMAN, W LAO, C OTTE, J HARVEY, C HAMILL, R GRAVISS, E PAPPAS, P THOMAS, C GILLESPIE, R REINGOLD, AL ROTHROCK, G PATTNI, B DAILY, P KLUG, L BROCKWELL, C SHIHATA, N AF BRANDT, ME HUTWAGNER, LC KUYKENDALL, RJ PINNER, RW STEPHENS, D FARLEY, M RIMLAND, D BAUGHMAN, W LAO, C OTTE, J HARVEY, C HAMILL, R GRAVISS, E PAPPAS, P THOMAS, C GILLESPIE, R REINGOLD, AL ROTHROCK, G PATTNI, B DAILY, P KLUG, L BROCKWELL, C SHIHATA, N TI COMPARISON OF MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS AND RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA ANALYSIS FOR MOLECULAR SUBTYPING OF CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC DIFFERENCES; POPULATION-GENETICS; AIDS; POLYMERASE; SEROTYPES; CANDIDA; STRAINS; PRIMERS; PROBES AB We evaluated multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for their usefulness in subtyping 344 Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates obtained from four U.S. metropolitan areas in 1992 to 1994. MEE and RAPD with five primers both discriminated between the two varieties of C. neoformans. MEE divided C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates into 15 enzyme electrophoretic subtypes (ETs) arranged in three complexes, The predominant ET 1 complex contained 10 ETs, with isolates from 70% of patients in 1 ET. RAPD with five primers further sorted this predominant ET into 19 subtypes, with 60% of isolates sorting into three RAPD types. The ET 8 MEE complex, containing three ETs, could not be divided further by RAPD. The ET 7 complex (two ETs) included isolates from all serotype AD patients. Although both MEE and RAPD identified isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii, neither distinguished between serotypes B and C. These results showed that the two C. neoformans varieties could be identified by MEE or RAPD profile as well as by biochemical methods. RAPD improved the discriminatory power of MEE for isolates within the ET 1 complex but with other ETs offered little additional sensitivity over MEE and was less sensitive than MEE with isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii. This information will be useful in identifying particular environmental sources of disease-causing exposures, in seeking clusters of cases, and in determining whether an infecting strain changes over time. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRANDT, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1890 EP 1895 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA RD990 UT WOS:A1995RD99000043 PM 7665665 ER PT J AU PIRKLE, JL NEEDHAM, LL SEXTON, K AF PIRKLE, JL NEEDHAM, LL SEXTON, K TI IMPROVING EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT BY MONITORING HUMAN TISSUES FOR TOXIC-CHEMICALS SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Typically, the availability of appropriate data to estimate human exposures to toxic chemicals is scarce. Consequently exposure assessments are often based on indirect surrogates of exposure, such as a combination of questionnaire data on time-activities and concentrations of toxic chemicals measured in environmental media (e.g., air, water, food, soil, dust). Recent advances, however, make it technically feasible and relatively affordable to measure low levels of multiple toxic chemicals in accessible human tissues (e.g., blood, urine). The increasing availability of biological markers far exposure, along with improvements in pharmacokinetic understanding, present new opportunities to estimate exposure from human tissue measurements and from knowledge of intake and uptake parameters. Biological monitoring provides exposure information that is usually complementary to the type of exposure information obtained from environmental monitoring. Biological and environmental monitoring can be used separately or together in order to meet desired objectives. We present here a discussion of the value of biological monitoring far improving exposure assessment. We emphasize the role of biological monitoring in identifying high-priority exposures, evaluating the effectiveness of intervention and prevention efforts, identifying at-risk subpopulations, recognizing time trends in population exposures, establishing reference ranges of tissue concentrations, and providing integrated dose measurements. RP PIRKLE, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 5 IS 3 BP 405 EP 424 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA TE767 UT WOS:A1995TE76700009 PM 8814778 ER PT J AU LIPSKAYA, GY CHERVONSKAYA, EA BELOVA, GI MASLOVA, SV KUTATELADZE, TN DROZDOV, SG MULDERS, M PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM AGOL, VI AF LIPSKAYA, GY CHERVONSKAYA, EA BELOVA, GI MASLOVA, SV KUTATELADZE, TN DROZDOV, SG MULDERS, M PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM AGOL, VI TI GEOGRAPHICAL GENOTYPES (GEOTYPES) OF POLIOVIRUS CASE ISOLATES FROM THE FORMER SOVIET-UNION - RELATEDNESS TO OTHER KNOWN POLIOVIRUS GENOTYPES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN-TERMINATING INHIBITORS; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINE; REPLICATION; SEQUENCES; OUTBREAK; HUMANS AB A 150 nucleotide long region corresponding to adjoining segments of the genes encoding polypeptides VP1 and 2A of 84 poliovirus strains recently isolated from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis over the territory of the former Soviet Union (FSU) were characterized by sequencing and/or PCR amplification using specially designed primers. Eighteen isolates were found to be very closely related to one or another of the three Sabin vaccine strains. Three distinct classes of geographical genotypes (geotypes) were discerned among 42 wildtype (non-Sabin) strains of serotype 1. One such geotype (called A) was widely circulating in 1990-91 in the Caucasian (Azerbaijan and Georgia) as well as Asian (Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan) Republics; this geotype exhibited only weak relatedness to known strains isolated outside the FSU. On the other hand, a subset of strains belonging to another geotype (T) of serotype 1, which circulated in 1991 in Tajikistan, demonstrated very close relatedness to contemporaneous strains isolated in Pakistan, India and Jordan. Strains that were somewhat different, but belonging to the same T-geotype, were found also in Moldova and Georgia. Strikingly, the primary structure of the VP1/2A junction of certain T-geotype isolates differed from the corresponding region of Sabin 1 only in 13-15% of positions, thereby not reaching the upper limit accepted for a geotype. This observation raises, though does not prove, the possibility that at least the relevant segment of the T-geotype RNA originated from the vaccine strain. The third geotype of serotype 1 was represented by a single, perhaps imported, isolate. Four distinct subsets of a common geotype (C) were discerned among 24 wildtype isolates belonging to serotype 3. These strains exhibited a broad geographical distribution being found, in particular, in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan; on the other hand, the C-geotype strains exhibited only a relatively distant relatedness to a strain isolated outside of the FSU (in Oman). C1 RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,INST POLIOMYELITIS & VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS,MOSCOW 142782,RUSSIA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,AN BELOZERSKY INST PHYS CHEM BIOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. SCI CTR CONTROL SPECIAL PATHOGENS,TBILISI,REP OF GEORGIA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,VIROL LAB,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Agol, Vadim/E-1941-2013; Drozdov, Sergei/E-3536-2014 NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 76 BP 1687 EP 1699 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-76-7-1687 PN 7 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA RH280 UT WOS:A1995RH28000014 PM 9049374 ER PT J AU JIANG, BM DENNEHY, PH SPANGENBERGER, S GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI AF JIANG, BM DENNEHY, PH SPANGENBERGER, S GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI TI FIRST DETECTION OF GROUP-C ROTAVIRUS IN FECAL SPECIMENS OF CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERIAL PROPAGATION; CELL-LINE; OUTBREAK; PIGS; INFECTION; GENE-5; VIRUS AB Group C rotaviruses cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in children and adults in many countries but have never been identified from patients in the United States. Fecal specimens from children with diarrhea who were hospitalized in Providence, Rhode Island, were screened for group C rotaviruses if rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy but the specimens were negative for group A rotavirus by ELISA. Of 16 specimens examined, 3 were positive for group C rotavirus by ELISA using reagents specific to the Cowden strain of porcine group C rotavirus and all 16 were positive using a more sensitive assay: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Group C rotavirus infections occurred primarily among infants in winter in 4 of the 5 years examined and were acquired both in community and nosocomial settings. Future clinical and epidemiologic studies with group C rotavirus will require development of assays that are more sensitive and simpler to perform. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RHODE ISL HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,PROVIDENCE,RI. RHODE ISL HOSP,CENT RES LABS,PROVIDENCE,RI. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 23 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RF041 UT WOS:A1995RF04100007 PM 7797945 ER PT J AU EVINS, GM CAMERON, DN WELLS, JG GREENE, KD POPOVIC, T GIONOCEREZO, S WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV AF EVINS, GM CAMERON, DN WELLS, JG GREENE, KD POPOVIC, T GIONOCEREZO, S WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV TI THE EMERGING DIVERSITY OF THE ELECTROPHORETIC TYPES OF VIBRIO-CHOLERAE IN THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; EPIDEMIC; GULF; O1 AB Since the Latin American cholera epidemic began in 1991, 447 isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 from the Western Hemisphere have been assayed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) to determine allelic variation among 16 enzyme-encoding genes. Two electrophoretic types (ETs) were identified among toxigenic isolates from Latin America: 323 were ET 4, the ET associated with the Latin American epidemic, and 29 were ET 3. Twenty-three of these ET 3 isolates had a distinctive antimicrobial resistance pattern also seen in isolates imported into the United States from Latin America and Southeast Asia. These resistant isolates had an identical ribotype and nearly identical pulsed-held gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Most nontoxigenic isolates analyzed were not precursors or descendants of toxigenic epidemic strains. MEE provided a population genetic framework for the interpretation of PFGE and ribotype data from the isolates in this study. All three methods identified 2 distinct strains of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 currently epidemic in Latin America. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDRE,INST REFERENCE DIAGNOST & EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. NR 23 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RF041 UT WOS:A1995RF04100023 PM 7797907 ER PT J AU KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA SUNDIN, D TAPIA, R MCFARLAND, LM ARDEN, NH AF KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA SUNDIN, D TAPIA, R MCFARLAND, LM ARDEN, NH TI 3 SUMMERTIME OUTBREAKS OF INFLUENZA TYPE-A SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB In the Northern Hemisphere, sporadic cases of influenza occur during the summer, yet summertime outbreaks are rare. From 12 August through 2 September 1993, three influenza outbreaks in Louisiana were investigated using medical-record review, interviews, viral cultures, serology, and active surveillance for influenza-like illness in Louisiana. Attack rates in the outbreaks were 61% (69/114), 42% (24/57), and 45% (23/51). Viruses isolated were most closely related to influenza A/ Beijing/32/92 (H3N2). The identification of influenza A as the cause of the first two outbreaks led to the recommendation for amantadine use in the third outbreak. Active surveillance did not detect any other outbreaks of influenza-like illness during August or September 1993. Out-of-season influenza A outbreaks can therefore occur when little influenza-like illness is present in a community. Evaluation of outbreaks of acute, febrile respiratory illness outside the influenza season should include this possibility, since rapid detection can lead to the timely use of amantadine or rimantadine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MED CTR LOUISIANA NEW ORLEANS,VIROL LAB,NEW ORLEANS,LA. RP KOHN, MA (reprint author), LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 60630,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70160, USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 172 IS 1 BP 246 EP 249 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA RF041 UT WOS:A1995RF04100038 PM 7797922 ER PT J AU PIESMAN, J AF PIESMAN, J TI DISPERSAL OF THE LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TO SALIVARY-GLANDS OF FEEDING NYMPHAL IXODES-SCAPULARIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TICKS; LYME DISEASE SPIROCHETES; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; SALIVARY GLANDS; TRANSMISSION ID TICKS ACARI; DAMMINI; TRANSMISSION; VECTOR; ATTACHMENT; DURATION AB Salivary gland explant cultures from 3/16 (19%) of unfed nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say contained Lyme disease spirochetes, increasing to a maximum of 14/16 (88%) at 72 h of tick feeding. Homogenates of tick salivary glands did not produce infection in laboratory white mice unless harvested from ticks attached for greater than or equal to 60 h. Dispersal of spirochetes to the salivary glands appears to occur during the act of tick feeding, thus affecting the ability of ticks to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP PIESMAN, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 32 IS 4 BP 519 EP 521 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA RG291 UT WOS:A1995RG29100020 PM 7650714 ER PT J AU KHAN, AS SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S ZAKI, SR KOHN, MA NAWAS, SR MCFARLAND, L NICHOL, ST AF KHAN, AS SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S ZAKI, SR KOHN, MA NAWAS, SR MCFARLAND, L NICHOL, ST TI FATAL ILLNESS ASSOCIATED WITH A NEW HANTAVIRUS IN LOUISIANA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE BUNYAVIRIDAE; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; HANTAVIRUSES; NEPHROPATHY; SIN NOMBRE VIRUS; HFRS; BAYOU VIRUS ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; M-GENOME; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAAN VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; S-GENOME; SEGMENTS; CLONING; PUUMALA AB A fatal case of hantaviral illness occurred in Louisiana, outside of the range of P. maniculatus, the rodent reservoir for Sin Nombre virus. Hantavirus RNA and antigens were detected in patient autopsy tissues, and nucleotide sequence analysis of amplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products identified a newly recognized unique hantavirus, provisionally named Bayou virus. Prominent features of the clinical illness are compatible with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), but several features such as renal insufficiency and intraalveolar hemorrhage are more compatible with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a disease associated with Eurasian hantaviruses. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EA CONWAY MEM HOSP,MONROE,LA. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 34 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 46 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890460320 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA RG047 UT WOS:A1995RG04700019 PM 7561804 ER PT J AU SWAMINATHAN, B BARRETT, TJ AF SWAMINATHAN, B BARRETT, TJ TI AMPLIFICATION METHODS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBTYPING; PCR; PCR-RFLP; RAPD; AP-PCR ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; DNA; PRODUCTS; ASSAY; PCR AB DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) are extremely valuable tools for laboratory-based evaluation of hypotheses generated by epidemiologic investigations of infectious disease outbreaks. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification methods have been used to index differences between suspected etiologic agents isolated from cases and suspected source. These methods are attractive because they require minute amounts of target DNA, and can be completed in a very short time. Two types of PCR-based subtyping methods are available. The PCR-RFLP method involves the amplification of previously characterized or phylogenetically conserved targets followed by restriction endonuclease analysis to evaluated polymorphisms within the amplified sequences. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Arbitrarily Primed PCR (AP-PCR) methods require no prior knowledge of DNA sequences of test organisms because they rely on random amplification of target DNA by arbitrarily chosen primers. RAPD and AP-PCR do not require any restriction analysis of amplified DNA. The PCR-RFLP methods are organism-dependent and do not always provide adequate discrimination between unrelated isolates. RAPD methods often suffer from poor reproducibility because the amplification is performed by using crude target DNA under nonstringent conditions. RP SWAMINATHAN, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD JUL PY 1995 VL 23 IS 1 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.1016/0167-7012(95)00021-C PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA RH085 UT WOS:A1995RH08500012 ER PT J AU DEMERS, DM BASS, JW VINCENT, JM PERSON, DA NOYES, DK STAEGE, CM SAMLASKA, CP LOCKWOOD, NH REGNERY, RL ANDERSON, BE AF DEMERS, DM BASS, JW VINCENT, JM PERSON, DA NOYES, DK STAEGE, CM SAMLASKA, CP LOCKWOOD, NH REGNERY, RL ANDERSON, BE TI CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE IN HAWAII - ETIOLOGY AND SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ROCHALIMAEA; NOV AB Objective: To study the etiology and seroepidemiology of cat-scratch disease (CSD) in Hawaii. Methods: Blood and fine-needle aspirate (FNA) from the lymph nodes of 39 consecutive patients with clinical CSD were cultured for Bartonella henselae, and blood samples from index cats, stray cats, and dogs were cultured and their sera were tested by indirect fluorescence antibody test for antibodies to B, henselae and Afipia tells. Sera from age- and sex-matched human subjects without cat exposure served as controls. Results: Warthin-Starry staining showed positive results in only 4 of 32 FNAs, and B. henselae was isolated from only one FNA specimen. All of 38 patients who had two or more sera tested had elevated titers of antibody to B. henselae. Only 1 of 48 human control sera had antibody to 8. henselae. Of 31 kittens, 21 had positive blood culture results and elevated antibody titers to B. henselae, Of three adult cats, all had negative blood culture results, but they had serologic evidence of past infection. Of 23 adult stray cats, 18 had elevated titers of antibody to B, henselae, but in only one was the blood culture result positive. Results of IFA tests were marginally positive for A. tells in 1 of 29 patients with CSD and in one adult stray cat and one dog. Conclusions: This study shows that the B, henselae IFA test is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of infection caused by B, henselae and for the laboratory diagnosis of CSD, and that FNA is seldom helpful in confirming the diagnosis, We further demonstrated that CSD in Hawaii is due to B, henselae and that infection is directly linked to the scratch car bite of a kitten. Older cats seldom have bacteremia but often have serologic evidence of past infection. Our study fails to implicate dogs in the epidemiology of CSD in Hawaii, and A, tells was not etiologically implicated in CSD in the human subjects and animals we studied. C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, HONOLULU, HI 96859 USA. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR, DEPT MED, HONOLULU, HI 96859 USA. TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, HONOLULU, HI 96859 USA. PACIFIC VET SERV SUPPORT AREA, FT SHAFTER, HI USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 10 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 127 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70251-2 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RH637 UT WOS:A1995RH63700003 PM 7608806 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF TI HOW MANY TYPES OF PATIENTS MEET CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; REVISED CRITERIA; COHORT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PINCUS, T (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37212, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1435 EP 1436 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RG246 UT WOS:A1995RG24600049 ER PT J AU HENDON, HH AF HENDON, HH TI LENGTH OF DAY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; GRIDPOINT TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; RADIOSONDE VALIDATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; PRECISION; PERIOD; 40-DAY; MODEL; SCALE AB The previously reported spectral peak near 50 days in time series of length of day (LOD) is shown to occur in conjunction with episodes of tropical convective activity associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). When the convective signal of the MJO is absent, LOD exhibits a red spectrum at intraseasonal timescales. LOD is shown to be in phase with the convective anomaly due to the MJO over the date line and out of phase with the convective anomaly over the Indian Ocean. A composite angular momentum budget, made relative to the convective signal of the MJO, reveals that the zonal surface stress only partially accounts for the observed tendency of LOD. Not only is the amplitude some 50% too weak, the phase is shifted ahead of the LOD tendency by about 1/8 cycle. Hence, in older to balance the angular momentum budget, an additional mountain torque is postulated to occur. This additional torque is required to lag the frictional torque by about 1/4 of a cycle, but be of similar amplitude. The composite surface stress anomalies appear to result predominantly from zonal mean zonal wind anomalies. An important role for the zonally symmetric convective anomaly due to the MJO is suggested. The surface zonal wind anomalies at low latitudes, which exhibit a high degree of equatorial symmetry with zero amplitude on the equator, appear to be accounted for as the linear response to zonal mean convective heating in the presence of strong dissipation. The upper-tropospheric zonal wind anomalies, which mimic the angular momentum anomalies, are not accounted for by simple linear momentum balance. In particular, maximum zonal wind anomaly occurs on the equator, which suggests an important role for eddy fluxes of momentum during the life cycle of the MJO. RP HENDON, HH (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,CDC,CAMPUS BOX 449,BOULDER,CO 80309, USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUL 1 PY 1995 VL 52 IS 13 BP 2373 EP 2383 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2373:LODCAW>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG062 UT WOS:A1995RG06200003 ER PT J AU STETTLER, LE SALOMON, RA PLATEK, SF MOORMAN, WJ CLARK, JC KRIEG, EF PHIPPS, FC AF STETTLER, LE SALOMON, RA PLATEK, SF MOORMAN, WJ CLARK, JC KRIEG, EF PHIPPS, FC TI FIBROGENIC POTENTIALS OF COAL SLAGS USED AS ABRASIVE BLASTING SUBSTITUTES SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SILICOSIS AB This study was designed to examine the fibrogenic potentials of four coal slags that are being used as substitutes for silica sand in abrasive blasting. Six groups of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats, including four coal slag groups, a vehicle control, and a positive control for fibrosis (Minusil quartz), were used. Each dust treatment group was given a single 40-mg dose of test agent via intratracheal instillation. Interim sacrifices of 15 animals per group were performed at 2 d, 3 mo, and 6 mo posttreatment, with the terminal sacrifice conducted at 12 mo. Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic sections were prepared from designated formalin-fixed tissues collected at each necropsy and examined microscopically. Pulmonary silicon analyses were performed for each group at the 2-d and 12-mo sacrifices. Pulmonary function analyses were conducted for each group at the 3-, 6-, and 12-mo sacrifices. Lung hydroxyproline analyses were conducted for 15 animals in each group at the terminal sacrifice. The pulmonary fibrogenic potentials of the four coal slag groups were compared histologically with the Minusil and vehicle controls. A mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis, which was progressive with time, was noted in each of the coal slag groups. However, the coal slag-induced lung fibrosis was much less than that produced by Minusil. Differences in fibrosis among the individual coal slags were relatively minor and certainly not as striking as those between the slags and Minusil. Other data derived from this study, such as lung hydroxyproline content, pulmonary particulate burdens, pulmonary function, and animal body weights, provided further evidence of a reduced toxicity for the coal slags compared to Minusil. RP STETTLER, LE (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,APPL BIOL BRANCH C26,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD JUL PY 1995 VL 45 IS 3 BP 349 EP 365 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA RK450 UT WOS:A1995RK45000009 PM 7609007 ER PT J AU PARRY, DB SAMANT, MG SEKI, H ASHLEY, K AF PARRY, DB SAMANT, MG SEKI, H ASHLEY, K TI COMPLEMENTARITY IN RADIOCHEMICAL AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRODE ADSORPTION - COMMENTS SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Note ID SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY; GOLD C1 IBM CORP,ALMADEN RES CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95120. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP PARRY, DB (reprint author), PROCTER & GAMBLE CO,IVORYDALE TECH CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45217, USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL PY 1995 VL 11 IS 7 BP 2845 EP 2846 DI 10.1021/la00007a082 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA RL572 UT WOS:A1995RL57200083 ER PT J AU AJELLO, L PADHYE, AA SUKROONGREUNG, S NILAKUL, CH TANTIMAVANIC, S AF AJELLO, L PADHYE, AA SUKROONGREUNG, S NILAKUL, CH TANTIMAVANIC, S TI OCCURRENCE OF PENICILLIUM-MARNEFFEI INFECTIONS AMONG WILD BAMBOO RATS IN THAILAND SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE BAMBOO RATS; NATURAL ANIMAL INFECTIONS; PENICILLIUM MARNEFFEI; THAILAND ID HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM; BLASTOMYCOSIS; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AB Penicilliosis marneffei has emerged as an endemic systemic mycosis in Southeast Asia among humans and wild bamboo rats. To gain an insight into the epidemiology of this life-threatening disease, a survey of bamboo rats for natural infections by Penicillium marneffi was carried out in the central plains of Thailand during June-September, 1987. Thirty-one lesser bamboo rats (Cannomys badius) and eight hoary bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus) were trapped. Portions of their internal organs were cultured to determine if they had been infected by P. marneffei. Six each of C. badius (19.4%) and R. pruinosus (75%) yielded cultures of this unique, dimorphic Penicillium species. All of the isolates were readily converted to their unicellular form that multiplies by the process of schizogony by incubating them at 37 degrees C on plates of brain heart infusion agar. Their identity was further confirmed by a specific immunological test. Among the internal organs of the positive rats, the lungs had the highest positivity (83.3%), next in decreased order of frequency were the liver (33.3%) and the pancreas (33.3%). The use and value of domestic and wild animals in locating and demarcating endemic areas of geophilic fungal pathogens are discussed. Penicilliosis marneffei is considered to be a zooanthroponosis - a disease that occurs in lower animals, as well as, humans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MAHIDOL UNIV,FAC MED TECHNOL,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. RP AJELLO, L (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR EYE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ROOM 3704-S,1327 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU PHS HHS [37984] NR 75 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PD JUL PY 1995 VL 131 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1007/BF01103897 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA TH959 UT WOS:A1995TH95900001 PM 8532047 ER PT J AU HOLMAN, RC KHAN, AS KENT, J STRINE, TW SCHONBERGER, LB AF HOLMAN, RC KHAN, AS KENT, J STRINE, TW SCHONBERGER, LB TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979-1990 - ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL MORTALITY DATA SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSON TRANSMISSION; DEATH STATISTICS; PROTEINS AB The trends and current incidence of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was examined by using a unique and potentially highly sensitive source for case ascertainment. We analyzed death certificate information for 1979-1990 from US multiple-cause-of-death mortality data, compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We evaluated death certificate data for US residents for whom CJD was listed as one of the multiple causes of death on the death certificate (046.1) from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (9th revision). Age-adjusted and age-specific CJD death rates by gender, race, and region were calculated to measure the disease incidence because of the rapidly fatal course of the disease for most patients with CJD. We identified 2,614 deaths with CJD listed on the death certificates. The average annual age-adjusted mortality rate was 0.9 deaths per million persons (range 0.8-1.1). The mean age at death was 67 years. CJD-related deaths were uncommon among persons younger than 50 years of age (4.3% of all deaths). The highest average annual mortality rate was for those persons aged 70-74 years (5.9 deaths per million persons). A slight majority (53.0%) of the deaths was in females, but the age-adjusted mortality rate was 1.2 times higher for males. Most deaths (94.8%) were in whites; the mortality rate for blacks was only 40% of that for whites. The age-adjusted CJD mortality rate in the United States is similar to published estimates of the crude incidence of CJD worldwide. Annual review of national multiple-cause-of-death data may provide an efficient and cost-effective method to monitor the incidence of CJD in the United States. The relative paucity of cases among blacks requires further study to rule out detection biases, but may reflect, in part, differences in genetic and/or environmental factors. RP HOLMAN, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 14 IS 4 BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1159/000109793 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA RE338 UT WOS:A1995RE33800003 PM 7643951 ER PT J AU MORATA, TC LEMASTERS, GK AF MORATA, TC LEMASTERS, GK TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEARING-LOSS SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP MORATA, TC (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 641 EP 656 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RY690 UT WOS:A1995RY69000011 PM 8578424 ER PT J AU MERRY, CJ FRANKS, JR AF MERRY, CJ FRANKS, JR TI HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT AND FUTURE-DIRECTIONS IN THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEARING-LOSS SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP MERRY, CJ (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 669 EP 681 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RY690 UT WOS:A1995RY69000014 PM 8578427 ER PT J AU MORATA, TC DUNN, DE AF MORATA, TC DUNN, DE TI OCCUPATIONAL HEARING-LOSS - PREFACE SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material RP MORATA, TC (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD JUL-SEP PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP R11 EP R11 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RY690 UT WOS:A1995RY69000001 ER PT J AU BLACKMORE, CA SAVITZ, DA EDWARDS, LJ HARLOW, SD BOWES, WA AF BLACKMORE, CA SAVITZ, DA EDWARDS, LJ HARLOW, SD BOWES, WA TI RACIAL-DIFFERENCES IN THE PATTERNS OF PRETERM DELIVERY IN CENTRAL NORTH-CAROLINA, USA SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; GESTATIONAL-AGE; RISK-FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; PREMATURE RUPTURE; JOHN HENRYISM; INFANTS; HYPERTENSION; DISPARITY; MEMBRANES AB In order to assess racial differences in rates of idiopathic preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and medically indicated preterm delivery, the authors analysed data on 388 preterm (< 37 completed weeks of gestation) births (7.9% of all births) occurring between 1 September 1988 and 31 August 1989, in three central North Carolina counties. The crude relative risk (RR) of preterm birth among black women compared with white women was 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1, 3.1]. With adjustment for age, gravidity, marital status, education, and county of residence, the estimated relative risk for black women compared with white women was 2.1 (95% CI 1.1, 4.1) for medically indicated preterm delivery, 1.6 (95% CI 1.1, 2.3) for preterm birth as a result of preterm labour, and 1.9 (95% CI 1.2, 3.1) for preterm premature rupture of membranes. Compared with white women, black women were at the highest risk of a preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation (RR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.8, 4.7). The risk of medically indicated preterm delivery at 36 weeks was considerably higher for black women than for white women (RR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.1, 10.2). For a better understanding and ultimately a reduction of the risk for preterm delivery among black women, investigation of specific aetiological pathways and gestational age groups may be required. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP BLACKMORE, CA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 9 IS 3 BP 281 EP 295 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00144.x PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA RH869 UT WOS:A1995RH86900006 PM 7479277 ER PT J AU MELLINGER, AK CRAGAN, JD ATKINSON, WL WILLIAMS, WW KLEGER, B KIMBER, RG TAVRIS, D AF MELLINGER, AK CRAGAN, JD ATKINSON, WL WILLIAMS, WW KLEGER, B KIMBER, RG TAVRIS, D TI HIGH-INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL-RUBELLA SYNDROME AFTER A RUBELLA OUTBREAK SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE RUBELLA; CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME; INCIDENCE; OUTBREAK; IMMUNIZATION; RELIGIOUS OBJECTION; AMISH ID UNITED-STATES; AMISH; MEASLES AB Previous studies of the incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) after rubella outbreaks have been limited because most women with infection during the first trimester elected to have their pregnancies terminated. After a rubella outbreak in 1991 we measured prospectively the impact of maternal infection on CRS among the Amish in one county in Pennsylvania. We compared rubella serology of Amish women delivering before and after the outbreak and cord blood rubella IgM from Amish and non-Amish infants. Before the outbreak 20% of Amish women were susceptible to rubella; after the outbreak 4% were (P = 0.001). Of Amish infants 15% tested positive for rubella IgM; no non-Amish infants did (P < 0.001). This rubella outbreak in a largely unimmunized community led to a high rate of CRS. The annual CRS rate among the Amish was 2130/100 000 live births. Health care providers should promote immunization in all clients and intensify efforts among the Amish. C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BUR LABS,LIONVILLE,PA. DIV EPIDEMIOL,HARRISBURG,PA. PENN DEPT HLTH,LANCASTER,PA. LANCASTER GEN HOSP,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE,LANCASTER,PA. RP MELLINGER, AK (reprint author), NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 14 IS 7 BP 573 EP 578 DI 10.1097/00006454-199507000-00004 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RH936 UT WOS:A1995RH93600004 PM 7567284 ER PT J AU DRIVER, CR JONES, JS CAVITT, L WEATHERS, BJ VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM AF DRIVER, CR JONES, JS CAVITT, L WEATHERS, BJ VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM TI TUBERCULOSIS IN A DAY-CARE-CENTER, KENTUCKY, 1993 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE TUBERCULOSIS; DAY CARE; CHILDREN ID OUTBREAK; HOME; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN AB In November, 1993, a 33-month-old child in a day-care center was diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). To identify her source of infection, close contacts, other day-care children and staff were screened by tuberculin skin test (TST). TB registry and medical/laboratory records were reviewed. The only 2 community TB cases reported in the past 3 years were investigated. Of 164 children 2 were diagnosed with TB; their TSTs were greater than or equal to 10 mm but no specimens were obtained. Six children had TSTs greater than or equal to 5 mm. Of these 4 had TST conversions between December, 1993, and March, 1994. There were no additional positive TST children in June, 1994. No TB case was identified among staff or parents. A possible epidemiologic link with the index case was found for 1 community case. No source of infection was found for the other children. Possible explanations for not finding a source are: an as yet unidentified case in the day-care center or community; or false positive TST results in children related to low community prevalence of TB infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. KENTUCKY STATE HLTH DEPT,FRANKFORT,KY. PURCHASE DIST HLTH DEPT,MAYFIELD,KY. PURCHASE DIST HLTH DEPT,MURRAY,KY. RP DRIVER, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MS E-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 14 IS 7 BP 612 EP 616 DI 10.1097/00006454-199507000-00012 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RH936 UT WOS:A1995RH93600012 PM 7567292 ER PT J AU TSAI, TF OLSON, JG AF TSAI, TF OLSON, JG TI RICKETTSIAL SPOTTED-FEVER INFECTIONS - ANOTHER PEDIATRIC INDICATION FOR FLUOROQUINOLONES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; RICKETTSIA; FLUOROQUINOLONES ID CIPROFLOXACIN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP TSAI, TF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 14 IS 7 BP 635 EP 635 DI 10.1097/00006454-199507000-00023 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA RH936 UT WOS:A1995RH93600023 PM 7567302 ER PT J AU DURANT, RH ESCOBEDO, LG HEATH, GW AF DURANT, RH ESCOBEDO, LG HEATH, GW TI ANABOLIC-STEROID USE, STRENGTH TRAINING, AND MULTIPLE-DRUG USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ANABOLIC-STEROID USE; INJECTED DRUG USE; STRENGTH TRAINING; SPORTS PARTICIPATION; TOBACCO USE; SUBSTANCE USE ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; PREVALENCE; ATTITUDES; EDUCATION; SMOKING AB Objective. This study examined the relationships between anabolic-steroid use and the use of other drugs, sports participation, strength training, and school performance among a nationally representative sample of US high school students. Design. Randomized survey data from the 1991 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Setting. Public and private schools in the 50 United States and District of Columbia. Patients. A total of 12272 9th through 12th grade students. Main Outcome Measured. Prevalence of anabolic-steroid use. Results. The frequency of anabolic-steroid use was significantly associated with the frequency of use of cocaine, the use of other drugs such as amphetamines and heroin, tobacco smoking, and alcohol use. The weighted prevalences of anabolic-steroid use were higher among male (4.08%) than female students (1.2%). Students living in the South (3.46%) reported higher prevalences than students in the Midwest (3.0%), West (2.02%), or Northeast (1.71%). Students with self-perceived below-average academic performances (5.10%) and students reporting injected drug use also reported higher anabolic-steroid use (51.57%). Based on a multiple logistic regression, the following variables were found to be significant predictors of anabolic-steroid use: injectable drug use (odds ratio [OR], 17.86), use of other drugs (OR, 4.19), male gender (OR, 2.79), alcohol use (OR, 1.38), and strength training (OR, 1.73). The variables that were significantly associated with anabolic-steroid use varied by gender and by region of the country. Conclusion. These data suggest that adolescent anabolic-steroid users in this country are more likely to engage in strength training, injected drug use, and the use of multiple drugs, even after controlling for sports participation and poorer academic performance. These data confirm previous findings of an association between multiple drug use and anabolic-steroid use. Also, engaging in strength-training exercises continued to be associated with anabolic-steroid use after controlling for drug use and other predictors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP DURANT, RH (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,DIV ADOLESCENT YOUNG ADULT MED,300 LONGWOOD AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115, USA. NR 29 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PN 1 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RH182 UT WOS:A1995RH18200005 PM 7596717 ER PT J AU BERLIN, CM GORMAN, RL MAY, DG NOTTERMAN, DA WEISMANN, DN WILSON, GS WILSON, JT BENNETT, DR MULINARE, J KAUFMAN, P LICATA, SA TOMICH, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ BANNER, W AF BERLIN, CM GORMAN, RL MAY, DG NOTTERMAN, DA WEISMANN, DN WILSON, GS WILSON, JT BENNETT, DR MULINARE, J KAUFMAN, P LICATA, SA TOMICH, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ BANNER, W TI TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR LEAD-EXPOSURE IN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note ID CHELATION-THERAPY; 2,3-DIMERCAPTOSUCCINIC ACID; PENICILLAMINE; MOBILIZATION; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; INTOXICATION; PATIENT; HUMANS; CAEDTA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. DEPT HLTH & WELF,HLTH PROTECT BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON K1A 0L2,CANADA. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BERLIN, CM (reprint author), AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610, USA. NR 43 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 PN 1 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RH182 UT WOS:A1995RH18200030 ER PT J AU PERRIN, J ERENBERG, G LACAMERA, R NACKASHI, JA PONCHER, JR RANDALL, V WACHTEL, RC WILLIAMSON, WD ZIRING, PR ARANGO, P GAEBLER, D GARNER, C GARRO, D HOLLOWELL, JG MATHER, J MCPHERSON, M GEWANTER, HL AF PERRIN, J ERENBERG, G LACAMERA, R NACKASHI, JA PONCHER, JR RANDALL, V WACHTEL, RC WILLIAMSON, WD ZIRING, PR ARANGO, P GAEBLER, D GARNER, C GARRO, D HOLLOWELL, JG MATHER, J MCPHERSON, M GEWANTER, HL TI GUIDELINES FOR HOME CARE OF INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC DISEASE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. US DEPT HHS,MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH BUR,WASHINGTON,DC. US DEPT EDUC PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1 BP 161 EP 164 PN 1 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RH182 UT WOS:A1995RH18200031 ER PT J AU DOWELL, SF BRESSE, JS AF DOWELL, SF BRESSE, JS TI SELECTION BIAS IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES OF SEVERE VARICELLA INFECTION - REPLY SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter RP DOWELL, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP VIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1995 VL 96 IS 1 BP 171 EP 171 PN 1 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA RH182 UT WOS:A1995RH18200043 ER PT J AU COTE, TR OBRIEN, TR WARD, JW WILSON, SE BLATTNER, WA AF COTE, TR OBRIEN, TR WARD, JW WILSON, SE BLATTNER, WA TI AIDS AND CANCER REGISTRY LINKAGE - MEASUREMENT AND ENHANCEMENT OF REGISTRY COMPLETENESS SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background and methods. To measure AIDS registry completeness for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and cancer registry completeness for KS and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we linked AIDS and cancer registries at selected health departments. Results. We found 10,350 people with KS: 1,935 reported only to the AIDS registry, 1,428 reported only to the cancer registry, and 6,987 reported to both. Ninety-three cases of non-HIV-associated KS were expected. For KS, AIDS registry completeness was 84% [6,987/(6,987 + 1,428 - 93)] and cancer registry completeness was 78% [6,987/(6,987 + 1,935)]. Cancer registry completeness for AIDS-related NHL was 76%. Conclusion. If this linking were conducted nationally, about 5,700 additional cases of AIDS and 10,000 additional cases of AIDS-related cancers would be recorded. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,DIV SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ATLANTIC RES CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP COTE, TR (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,EPN-343,6130 EXECUT BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 9 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 24 IS 4 BP 375 EP 377 DI 10.1006/pmed.1995.1061 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA RM398 UT WOS:A1995RM39800009 PM 7479628 ER PT J AU WEITZ, JC BOTEHLO, R BRYAN, R AF WEITZ, JC BOTEHLO, R BRYAN, R TI MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN SUBJECTS WITH AIDS AND DIARRHEA, ASYMPTOMATIC HIV-INFECTION OR ACUTE DIARRHEA SO REVISTA MEDICA DE CHILE LA Spanish DT Article DE IMMUNOLOGICAL DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; AIDS; DIARRHEA; MICROSPORUM; DIAGNOSIS, LABORATORY ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; N-SP; PATIENT; DIAGNOSIS; SPORES; VIRUS AB Microsporidia are intracellular protozoa that mainly affect AIDS patients and chronic diarrhea, caused by the strains Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Septata intestinalis, is the most common clinical manifestation. The diagnosis is made in intestinal biopsies, however the recently developed trichromic stain with chromotope 2R, is able to detect microsporidia in stools and has a good correlation with the biopsy. Using this technique, we studied 43 asymptomatic HIV infected subjects, 89 AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea and 186 patients with acute diarrhea as controls. Thirty-three percent of patients with AIDS, 16.3% of HIV infected subjects and none of the individuals with acute diarrhea bad microsporidia in their stools (p<0.05). In 15 patients with AIDS we detected intermitted stool microsporidia shedding; this finding should encourage repetitive examinations in negative cases. The trichromic stain for microsporidia is proposed as a routine test in AIDS patients with diarrhea. C1 UNIV CHILE,FAC MED,DEPT MED,SANTIAGO,CHILE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST SALUD PUBL CHILE,CLIN LAB,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RP WEITZ, JC (reprint author), INST SALUD PUBL CHILE,REFERENCIA PARASITOL LAB,CASILLA 48 CC,SANTIAGO,CHILE. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO PI SANTIAGO PA CLASIFICADOR 1 CORREO 27, SANTIAGO, CHILE SN 0034-9887 J9 REV MED CHILE JI Rev. Medica Chile PD JUL PY 1995 VL 123 IS 7 BP 849 EP 856 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RV675 UT WOS:A1995RV67500007 PM 8560116 ER PT J AU ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH ROLFS, RT GREENSPAN, JR OCAIN, M GORSKY, RD AF ENGELGAU, MM WOERNLE, CH ROLFS, RT GREENSPAN, JR OCAIN, M GORSKY, RD TI CONTROL OF EPIDEMIC EARLY SYPHILIS - THE RESULTS OF AN INTERVENTION CAMPAIGN USING SOCIAL NETWORKS SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COCAINE USE; PROSTITUTION; CITY AB Background: During an epidemic of early syphilis, social networks were used for an intervention campaign. Goal of this Study: To characterize the epidemic and describe the yield of new cases from index-case interviews. Methods: Analyses of morbidity data collected by the Montgomery County, Alabama, sexually transmitted disease program determined the course of the epidemic and characterized the new case yields from social networks identified via index-case interviews (partner notification investigations) and interviews with sex partners and their associates (cluster investigations). Results and costs were compared to a noncampaign period. Results: The number of reported syphilis cases nearly doubled from 1990 to 1991 (201 to 348 per 100,000 residents), During the 21-week campaign, 373 case-patients had partner notification/cluster investigations; 113 (11%) of 984 sex partners and 41 (3%) of 1,146 high-risk associates (persons identified during cluster investigations) had syphilis. No subgroup of case-patients for which the partner notification/cluster investigation yielded more infected persons than other subgroups was identified. The cost per case detected was more than twice that during a noncampaign period ($1,627 vs. $771). Conclusion: Partner notification investigations yielded more infected persons than cluster investigations. Further evaluation is needed to determine the role of intense partner notification/cluster investigators' efforts in the control of epidemic syphilis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT HLTH MANAGEMENT & POLICY,DURHAM,NH. RP ENGELGAU, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 22 IS 4 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1097/00007435-199507000-00001 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA RK599 UT WOS:A1995RK59900001 PM 7482101 ER PT J AU ROTHENBERG, RB POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE DARROW, WW MUTH, SQ KLOVDAHL, AS AF ROTHENBERG, RB POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE DARROW, WW MUTH, SQ KLOVDAHL, AS TI CHOOSING A CENTRALITY MEASURE - EPIDEMIOLOGIC CORRELATES IN THE COLORADO-SPRINGS STUDY OF SOCIAL NETWORKS SO SOCIAL NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sunbelt XIV CY FEB, 1994 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA ID MODELS; AIDS AB In a continuing analysis of a large network of persons who practice risky behaviors in an area of low prevalence for HIV transmission, we compared eight measures of centrality. Although these measures differ in their theoretical formulation and their distributional forms, they demonstrated substantial concordance in ranking as noncentral all but one of the HIV-positive persons in a large connected component of 341 persons, providing further support for the role of network structure in disease transmission. C1 EL PASO CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RP ROTHENBERG, RB (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 NR 35 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-8733 J9 SOC NETWORKS JI Soc. Networks PD JUL-OCT PY 1995 VL 17 IS 3-4 BP 273 EP 297 DI 10.1016/0378-8733(95)00267-R PG 25 WC Anthropology; Sociology SC Anthropology; Sociology GA RZ524 UT WOS:A1995RZ52400008 ER PT J AU POTTER, LB ROGLER, LH MOSCICKI, EK AF POTTER, LB ROGLER, LH MOSCICKI, EK TI DEPRESSION AMONG PUERTO-RICANS IN NEW-YORK-CITY - THE HISPANIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; COMMUNITY SAMPLE; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; ACCULTURATION; RELIABILITY; AMERICANS AB This study was conducted to analyze determinants of depression among Puerto Ricans by replicating and expanding earlier studies of depression among Cuban Americans and Mexican Americans. Data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-1984, were employed to examine depression and associated characteristics among Puerto Ricans. We utilized descriptive and multivariate statistics to examine the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)-assessed depressive symptomatology and the DSM-III/DIS specification of major depression. The findings indicated that CES-D-assessed depressive symptomatology among Puerto Ricans was associated with female gender, disrupted marital status, poor health, and lower socioeconomic status as indicated by low education, low household income, age, and unemployment. For both 6-month and 1-month DIS major depression, age, disrupted marital status, and income of less than $ 5,000 were significant risk factors. For 6-month DIS major depression, never-married persons had a higher risk for depression. For 1-month diagnoses, writing Spanish better than English was associated with lower risk. In general, our findings for Puerto Ricans were similar to studies of depression among other Hispanic groups. We remained unable to explain the relatively extreme levels of depression among Puerto Ricans in New York, though several probable explanations are elaborated. We emphasized the general need to expand the range of research designs and current risk models in epidemiology in an effort to capture the complexity of psychosocial and cultural processes relevant to psychological distress. C1 FORDHAM UNIV,HISPAN RES CTR,BRONX,NY 10458. NATL INST MENTAL HLTH,PREVENT RES BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP POTTER, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [SO7 RRO7150-17]; NIMH NIH HHS [2RO1 MH30569] NR 36 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 30 IS 4 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1007/BF00790657 PG 9 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA RJ202 UT WOS:A1995RJ20200006 PM 7491514 ER PT J AU GILES, WH KITTNER, SJ ANDA, RF CROFT, JB CASPER, ML AF GILES, WH KITTNER, SJ ANDA, RF CROFT, JB CASPER, ML TI SERUM FOLATE AND RISK FOR ISCHEMIC STROKE - FIRST NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOLIC ACID; RACIAL DIFFERENCES; RISK FACTORS ID ELEVATED PLASMA HOMOCYST(E)INE; OCCLUSIVE ARTERIAL-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; CONTAINING AMINO-ACIDS; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYPERHOMOCYST(E)INEMIA; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFARCTION AB Background and Purpose A serum folate concentration less than or equal to 9.2 nmol/L has been associated with elevated levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine. Elevated homocyst(e)ine levels have been associated with ischemic stroke in case-control studies; however, the results from prospective studies have been equivocal. We investigated whether a folate concentration less than or equal to 9.2 nmol/L was associated with ischemic stroke in a national cohort. Methods We used data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (n=2006). Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to adjust for differences in follow-up time and covariates. During the PS-year follow-up, 98 ischemic strokes occurred. Results After adjusting for age, race, sex, education, diabetes, history of heart disease, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, hemoglobin level, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake, participants with a folate concentration less than or equal to 9.2 nmol/L were at slightly increased risk for ischemic stroke (relative risk [RR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 2.29). There was a folate-race interaction (P=.11 for interaction term). Whites with a folate concentration less than or equal to 9.2 nmol/L had a relative risk of 1.18 (95% CI, 0.67 to 2.08), whereas blacks had a relative risk of 3.60 (95% CI, 1.02 to 12.71). Conclusions These findings suggest that a folate concentration less than or equal to 9.2 nmol/L may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke, especially in blacks. However, given the small number of stroke events, additional studies are needed to assess the role of folate in the epidemiology of ischemic stroke. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,STROKE EPIDEMIOL UNIT,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP GILES, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS16332-11] NR 38 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUL PY 1995 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1166 EP 1170 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RG251 UT WOS:A1995RG25100005 PM 7604408 ER PT J AU EVATT, BL AF EVATT, BL TI AIDS AND HEMOPHILIA - CURRENT ISSUES SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVth Congress of the International-Society-on-Thrombosis-and-Haemostasis CY JUN 12-15, 1995 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Int Soc Thrombosis & Haemostasis ID FACTOR-VIII CONCENTRATE; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HIV-POSITIVE HEMOPHILIACS; HIGH-PURITY; INFECTED HEMOPHILIACS; SEPTIC ARTHRITIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; IMMUNE STATUS; CD4 COUNTS; PARTNERS RP EVATT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E64,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1 BP 36 EP 39 PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RP386 UT WOS:A1995RP38600006 PM 8578484 ER PT J AU RICKLES, FR HAIR, GA ZEFF, RA LEE, E BONA, RD AF RICKLES, FR HAIR, GA ZEFF, RA LEE, E BONA, RD TI TISSUE FACTOR EXPRESSION IN HUMAN-LEUKOCYTES AND TUMOR-CELLS SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XVth Congress of the International-Society-on-Thrombosis-and-Haemostasis CY JUN 12-15, 1995 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP Int Soc Thrombosis & Haemostasis ID FACTOR MESSENGER-RNA; INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION; PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; BLOOD-COAGULATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ACTIVATION; MONOCYTES; CANCER; ANTICOAGULATION; DIFFERENTIATION C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. VET ADM MED CTR,NEWINGTON,CT. RP RICKLES, FR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MS-D02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA20002]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL07324] NR 45 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 74 IS 1 BP 391 EP 395 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA RP386 UT WOS:A1995RP38600066 PM 8578492 ER PT J AU DREYER, G NOROES, J AMARAL, F NEN, A MEDEIROS, Z COUTINHO, A ADDISS, D AF DREYER, G NOROES, J AMARAL, F NEN, A MEDEIROS, Z COUTINHO, A ADDISS, D TI DIRECT ASSESSMENT OF THE ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY OF A SINGLE-DOSE OF IVERMECTIN IN BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE FILARIASIS; IVERMECTIN; ADULTICIDAL EFFECT; ULTRASONOGRAPHY ID WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE; MICROFILAREMIA; PARASITE AB Although the patent microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin is well established, its efficacy against adult Wuchereria bancrofti is unknown. We used longitudinal ultrasound examinations for periods of 3-9 months to assess directly the macrofilaricidal effect of a single 400 mu g/kg dose of ivermectin in 15 men from Recife, Brazil who were infected with W. bancrofti. Before treatment, microfilarial densities ranged from 3 to 3098 microfilariae per mt of blood, and movements characteristic of the living adult worm (the 'filaria dance sign') were observed by ultrasound examination of the scrotal lymphatic vessels in all 15 men. Following treatment, microfilarial density was markedly reduced in all men, but the filaria dance sign remained unchanged in both location and pattern. Eight months after treatment, a dilated lymphatic vessel was surgically removed from one patient at the site of the filaria dance sign, and 3 intact adult worms were released. When given as a single 400 mu g/kg dose, ivermectin had no observable effect on adult W. bancrofti. Therefore, prolonged suppression of microfilaraemia following treatment with ivermectin cannot be explained by a macrofilaricidal effect of the drug. Ultrasound is a valuable new tool for directly and rapidly assessing the macrofilaricidal efficacy of antifilarial drugs in lymphatic filariasis. C1 UFPE,HOSP CLIN,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. MEM IMAGEM & DIAGNOST,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DREYER, G (reprint author), CPQAM FIOCRUZ,DEPT PARASITOL,AVE MORAES REGO SN,CIDADE UNIV,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. NR 21 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 89 IS 4 BP 441 EP 443 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90049-7 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RT595 UT WOS:A1995RT59500039 PM 7570894 ER PT J AU SIMON, PA BRUCE, RC KERNDT, PR AF SIMON, PA BRUCE, RC KERNDT, PR TI LATE HIV DIAGNOSIS SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,HIV EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,LOS ANGELES,CA 90005. RP SIMON, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF MEDICAL ASSN PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 163 IS 1 BP 83 EP 83 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RL563 UT WOS:A1995RL56300022 PM 7667998 ER PT J AU WEINSTEIN, JW SELTZER, EG NELSON, RS HADLER, JL PAUL, SM SORHAGE, FE PILOT, K MATLUCK, S SPITALNY, K GUPTA, M MISAGE, J BALZANO, G ROOT, T BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, DL KOPELMAN, A ENGELKE, S JONES, L LATOUR, L PERRY, P JENKINS, B MAILLARD, JM MACCORMACK, JN RICHARDS, C FRUTH, P HUFFORD, S DICK, B BUNDESEN, M SALEHI, EP HALPIN, TJ LURIE, P DEASY, M MIHELCIC, K RANKIN, JT AF WEINSTEIN, JW SELTZER, EG NELSON, RS HADLER, JL PAUL, SM SORHAGE, FE PILOT, K MATLUCK, S SPITALNY, K GUPTA, M MISAGE, J BALZANO, G ROOT, T BIRKHEAD, G MORSE, DL KOPELMAN, A ENGELKE, S JONES, L LATOUR, L PERRY, P JENKINS, B MAILLARD, JM MACCORMACK, JN RICHARDS, C FRUTH, P HUFFORD, S DICK, B BUNDESEN, M SALEHI, EP HALPIN, TJ LURIE, P DEASY, M MIHELCIC, K RANKIN, JT TI REPTILE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS - SELECTED STATES, 1994-1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 347-350, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM LABS,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12237. PITT CTY MEM HOSP,GREENVILLE,NC 27835. WILSON CTY HLTH DEPT,WILSON,NC 27894. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCES,STATE LAB PUBL HLTH,RALEIGH,NC 27611. DEFIANCE CTY HLTH DEPT,DEFIANCE,OH 43512. TOLEDO HOSP,TOLEDO,OH 43606. OHIO DEPT HLTH,BUR PUBL HLTH LABS,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. OHIO DEPT HLTH,INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL UNIT,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WEINSTEIN, JW (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 28 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 24 BP 1898 EP 1899 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RE354 UT WOS:A1995RE35400010 ER PT J AU BURWEN, DR BLOCH, AB GRIFFIN, LD CIESIELSKI, CA STERN, HA ONORATO, IM AF BURWEN, DR BLOCH, AB GRIFFIN, LD CIESIELSKI, CA STERN, HA ONORATO, IM TI NATIONAL TRENDS IN THE CONCURRENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; VIRUS-INFECTION; EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; DRUG-USERS; AIDS; OUTBREAK; RISK AB Background: Elucidation of the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is needed to help predict the future course of these two epidemics. We examined nationwide trends in TB and AIDS occurring in the same individual. Methods: Health departments in the 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam matched their TB and AIDS case registries to determine the number of persons diagnosed with both TB and AIDS. The number of AIDS cases, TB cases, AIDS cases that matched with a TB case on the TB registry, and TB cases that matched with an AIDS case on the AIDS registry were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Data were analyzed for the period from 1981 through 1991. The number of matched TB-AIDS cases was compared with a modeled estimate of excess TB cases during the period from 1985 through 1990. Results: From 1981 through 1991 there were 11 299 AIDS cases that matched with a TB case on the TB registry, representing 5.1% (geographic variation, 0% to 9.3%) of AIDS cases. The TB cases that matched with an AIDS case on the AIDS registry represent 4.3% (geographic variation, 0% to 15.1%) of TB cases from 1981 through 1991. Since 1981, matched TB and AIDS cases increased yearly through 1990. When examined by year of AIDS report, the percentage of AIDS cases that matched with a TB case increased from 1981 to 1982 (1.9% to 5.1%), remained fairly constant from 1983 through 1987 (range, 4.0% to 4.7%), increased in 1988 (5.4%) after extrapulmonary TB was added to the AIDS case definition, and increased slightly through 1990 (5.8%). When examined by year of TB report, the percentage of TB cases that matched with an AIDS case increased steadily from 1981 through 1990 (0.1% to 9.5%). The calculated fraction of excess TB cases during the period from 1985 through 1990 that could be accounted for by identified TB-AIDS cases was 30%. Conclusion: The risk of TB or AIDS among persons already diagnosed with one disease is much higher than among the general population. The percentage of persons with TB who are also diagnosed with AIDS has been increasing rapidly. Human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunosuppression is an important contributor to the TB epidemic and probably accounts for a minimum of 30% of excess TB cases during the period from 1985 through 1990. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BURWEN, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern Med. PD JUN 26 PY 1995 VL 155 IS 12 BP 1281 EP 1286 DI 10.1001/archinte.155.12.1281 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RD854 UT WOS:A1995RD85400006 PM 7778959 ER PT J AU COCHI, SL HULL, HF WARD, NA AF COCHI, SL HULL, HF WARD, NA TI TO CONQUER POLIOMYELITIS FOREVER SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. RP COCHI, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 24 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8965 BP 1589 EP 1590 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90111-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RE670 UT WOS:A1995RE67000004 PM 7783533 ER PT J AU BAILEY, N LOUCK, M HOPKINS, D PARKER, J OGLESBY, A EWERT, D BARRETT, B LAURIE, K MUNIZ, E WADE, N PIERCY, P FRANCIS, BJ MAXSON, T RUSSELL, M FINGER, R AF BAILEY, N LOUCK, M HOPKINS, D PARKER, J OGLESBY, A EWERT, D BARRETT, B LAURIE, K MUNIZ, E WADE, N PIERCY, P FRANCIS, BJ MAXSON, T RUSSELL, M FINGER, R TI CHOLERA ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD TRANSPORTED FROM EL-SALVADOR - INDIANA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 385, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OUTBREAK C1 NEWTON CTY HLTH DEPT,MOROCCO,IN 47963. INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62761. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BAILEY, N (reprint author), JASPER CTY HLTH DEPT,RENSSELAER,NY, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 23 BP 1823 EP 1823 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RD116 UT WOS:A1995RD11600008 ER PT J AU KERNDT, PR WEBER, M FORD, W PREVOTS, DR LEHMAN, JS AF KERNDT, PR WEBER, M FORD, W PREVOTS, DR LEHMAN, JS TI HIV INCIDENCE AMONG INJECTION-DRUG USERS ENROLLED IN A LOS-ANGELES METHADONE PROGRAM SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP KERNDT, PR (reprint author), LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90012, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 23 BP 1831 EP 1832 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RD116 UT WOS:A1995RD11600010 PM 7776493 ER PT J AU MCDONNELL, S HLADY, WG AF MCDONNELL, S HLADY, WG TI IN THE WAKE OF HURRICANE-ANDREW SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP MCDONNELL, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 23 BP 1832 EP 1832 DI 10.1001/jama.273.23.1832 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RD116 UT WOS:A1995RD11600013 PM 7776494 ER PT J AU DANZIG, LE SHORT, LJ COLLINS, K MAHONEY, W SEPE, S BLAND, L JARVIS, WR AF DANZIG, LE SHORT, LJ COLLINS, K MAHONEY, W SEPE, S BLAND, L JARVIS, WR TI BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A NEEDLELESS INTRAVENOUS-INFUSION SYSTEM IN PATIENTS RECEIVING HOME INFUSION THERAPY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB Objective.- To determine risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSIs) in an outbreak among patients receiving home intravenous infusion therapy. Design.- Case-control and retrospective cohort studies. Setting - Home health agency. Patients.- Patients receiving home intravenous infusion therapy from Rhode Island Home Therapeutics (RIHT) from January through December 1993. Main Outcome Measure.- Development of primary BSI. Methods.- We compared patients with BSI (ie, case patients) with randomly selected noninfected RIHT patients receiving intravenous therapy, conducted a cohort study of all RIHT patients receiving intravenous therapy via a central venous catheter (CVC), and conducted a culture survey of injection cap luminal fluid. Results.- Case patients were more likely than controls to have had therapy via a CVC (11/11 vs 14/32; odds ratio [OR] undefined; P<.001) or total parenteral nutrition and intralipid therapy (TPN/IL) (9/11 vs 3/32; OR, 43.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 510.0). Among RIHT patients with CVCs, risk factors for BSI were receipt of TPN/IL (9/35 vs 2/67; rate ratio [RR], 8.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 37.7) or use of a needleless infusion system (10/41 vs 1/61; RR, 14.9; 95% CI, 2.0 to 111.8). Only the combination of both exposures was significantly associated with development of a BSI (P<.001). Luminal fluid from injection caps of needleless devices was significantly more likely to be culture positive than fluid from protected-needle devices (5/23 vs 0/18; RR undefined; P=.04). Conclusions.- Our data suggest that a needleless device used for TPN/IL was associated with increased risk of BSI when injection caps were changed every 7 days. C1 RHODE ISL HOME THERAPEUT,E PROVIDENCE,RI. RP DANZIG, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 21 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 23 BP 1862 EP 1864 DI 10.1001/jama.273.23.1862 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RD116 UT WOS:A1995RD11600029 PM 7776503 ER PT J AU CNATTINGIUS, S ZACK, MM EKBOM, A GUNNARSKOG, J KREUGER, A LINET, M ADAMI, HO AF CNATTINGIUS, S ZACK, MM EKBOM, A GUNNARSKOG, J KREUGER, A LINET, M ADAMI, HO TI PRENATAL AND NEONATAL RISK-FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD LYMPHATIC-LEUKEMIA SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; VITAMIN-K; CANCER; EXPOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Because the incidence of childhood acute lymphatic leukemia peaks between 2 and 4 years of age, the risk factors may exert their influence during the prenatal and/or the neonatal periods. Results of previous studies of perinatal risk factors have been contradictory, perhaps because most studies either have been hospital based or have been restricted to limited geographical areas. Purpose: A nationwide case-control study was carried out to identify maternal and perinatal risk factors for this disease. Methods: The case-control study was nested in cohorts defined by all live births in Sweden recorded in the nationwide Medical Birth Register. Since 1973, this register has routinely collected information on all hospital births in regard to maternal demographic data, reproductive history, pregnancy, delivery, and the neonatal period. From the Swedish National Cancer Register, 613 case subjects were identified in successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1989. Five control subjects per case subject were randomly selected from the pool of children matched by sex and month and year of birth, Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for potential risk factors and to estimate their effects after adjustment for possible confounders. Results: Risk of childhood lymphatic leukemia at all ages increased with Down's syndrome (OR = 20.0; 95% CI = 4.2-94.2), maternal renal disease (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.6-12.1), use of supplementary oxygen (OR = 23; 95% CI = 1.5-3.6), postpartum asphyxia (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2-2.6), birth weight of more than 4500 g (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1-2.7), and hypertensive disease during pregnancy (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0-1.9). Down's syndrome affected risk mostly in children younger than 5 years, whereas other factors affected those children 5 years old or older. Being one of a multiple birth also increased risk among older children (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.0-6.0). Use of supplementary oxygen may act as a causal intermediate (surrogate) for postpartum asphyxia and its causes, as would high birth weight for its causes. Conclusions: Several maternal and perinatal risk factors were found to be associated with childhood lymphatic leukemia, but they showed age-specific differences, Overall, only a few risk factors were identified, and these accounted for a small proportion of cases, We concluded that most risk factors for childhood lymphatic leukemia remain unidentified in very young children. C1 UNIV UPPSALA,UNIV HOSP,DEPT CANC EPIDEMIOL,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. UNIV UPPSALA,UNIV HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NATL BOARD HLTH & WELF,CTR EPIDEMIOL,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NATL CANC INST,DIV CANC ETIOL,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP CNATTINGIUS, S (reprint author), UNIV UPPSALA,UNIV HOSP,DEPT SOCIAL MED,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 34 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 21 PY 1995 VL 87 IS 12 BP 908 EP 914 DI 10.1093/jnci/87.12.908 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RD282 UT WOS:A1995RD28200014 PM 7666480 ER PT J AU BARRETT, DC BOLAN, G JOY, D COUNTS, K DOLL, L HARRISON, J AF BARRETT, DC BOLAN, G JOY, D COUNTS, K DOLL, L HARRISON, J TI COPING STRATEGIES, SUBSTANCE USE, SEXUAL-ACTIVITY, AND HIV SEXUAL RISKS IN A SAMPLE OF GAY MALE STD PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; STRESS; ADJUSTMENT AB The relationships of coping strategies with levels of substance use and sexual activity, and with HIV sexual risks, are examined in a sample of gay male STD clinic patients (n = 416). Previous research has suggested that use of problem-focused coping strategies should be negatively related to levels of substance use, levels of sexual activity, and HIV sexual risks; use of emotion-focused coping strategies should be positively related to these outcomes. It is argued that substance use and sexual activity clearly fit within a coping perspective, but that the HIV sexual risks/coping relationship is less clear. In multivariate analysis, the problem-focused strategy of advice seeking is negatively related to the number of types of drugs used and to the number of sexual partners; the problem-focused strategy of support seeking is negatively related to the number of days using drugs; and the use of emotion-focused strategies is positively related to the number of types of drugs used. Problem-focused coping strategies are less directly related to engaging in HIV sexual risks when measures of substance use and of sexual activity are included in the prediction; emotion-focused coping strategies are more stably related to HIV risk. Indirect effects of coping on HIV risk are also identified through the effects of coping on the number of types of drugs used, number of sex partners, and number of times having sex. It is proposed that the relationships between coping and levels of substance use and sexual activity reflect the use of these activities as ways of relieving strain, but that relationships between coping and HIV sexual risks involve less clearly understood direct and indirect relationships. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BARRETT, DC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,74 NEW MONTGOMERY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94105, USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU V H WINSTON & SONS INC PI SILVER SPRING PA 7961 EASTERN AVE, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD JUN 16 PY 1995 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1058 EP 1072 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb00617.x PG 15 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA RE714 UT WOS:A1995RE71400003 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF PAMUK, E THUN, M FLANDERS, D BYERS, T HEATH, C AF WILLIAMSON, DF PAMUK, E THUN, M FLANDERS, D BYERS, T HEATH, C TI PROSPECTIVE-STUDY OF INTENTIONAL WEIGHT-LOSS AND MORTALITY IN NEVER-SMOKING OVERWEIGHT US WHITE WOMEN AGED 40-64 YEARS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; DIABETES MELLITUS; MORTALITY; NEOPLASMS; OBESITY; WEIGHT LOSS ID ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; BODY-WEIGHT; LONGEVITY; ADULTS; HEALTH; POPULATION; BEHAVIOR; MEN AB Although 40% of US women indicate they are currently trying to lose weight, the association between intentional weight loss and longevity is unknown. The authors analyzed prospective data from 43,457 overweight, never-smoking US white women aged 40-64 years who in 1959-1960 completed a questionnaire that included questions on weight change direction, amount, time interval, and intentionality, Vital status was determined in 1972. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate mortality rate ratios for women who intentionally lost weight compared with women who had no change in weight. Women who died within the first 3 years of follow-up were excluded, Analyses were stratified by preexisting illness and adjusted for age, beginning body mass index, alcohol intake, education, physical activity, and health conditions, In women with obesity-related health conditions (n = 15,069), intentional weight loss of any amount was associated with a 20% reduction in all-cause mortality, primarily due to a 40-50% reduction in mortality from obesity-related cancers; diabetes-associated mortality was also reduced by 30-40% in those who intentionally lost weight, In women with no preexisting illness (n = 28,388), intentional weight loss of greater than or equal to 20 lb (greater than or equal to 9.1 kg) that occurred within the previous year was associated with about a 25% reduction in all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality; however, loss of <20 lb (<9.1 kg) or loss that occurred over an interval of greater than or equal to 1 year was generally associated with small to modest increases in mortality, The association between intentional weight loss acid longevity in middle-aged overweight women appears to depend on their health status. intentional weight loss among women with obesity-related conditions is generally associated with decreased premature mortality, whereas among women with no preexisting illness, the association is equivocal. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. AMER CANC SOC,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30329. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT K10,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 31 TC 307 Z9 322 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 12 BP 1128 EP 1141 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RB996 UT WOS:A1995RB99600004 PM 7771451 ER PT J AU JAFFE, HW LIBERTI, T AF JAFFE, HW LIBERTI, T TI LACK OF HIV TRANSMISSION IN A DENTAL PRACTICE - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. RP JAFFE, HW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 122 IS 12 BP 960 EP 960 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RC270 UT WOS:A1995RC27000016 ER PT J AU SCHNELL, DJ MAGEE, E SHERIDAN, JR AF SCHNELL, DJ MAGEE, E SHERIDAN, JR TI A REGRESSION METHOD FOR ANALYZING ORDINAL DATA FROM INTERVENTION TRIALS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MODELS; RISK AB We consider the case of a community intervention trial evaluated with a series of cross-sectional surveys and having outcomes measured on an ordinal scale. We propose a modelling procedure that combines ridit analysis and linear regression methods. We use the multinomial distribution as the basis for variance estimation of the mean ridits and then use simple regression models to estimate differences (for example, between intervention and comparison areas) among the ridits. We illustrate this procedure with data from a community intervention trial promoting condom use, with the adoption of consistent condom use measured on a 5-point ordinal scale. C1 DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT,DALLAS,TX 75207. CONWAL INC,FALLS CHURCH,VA 22046. RP SCHNELL, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1995 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1177 EP 1189 DI 10.1002/sim.4780141104 PG 13 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA RE492 UT WOS:A1995RE49200003 PM 7667559 ER PT J AU OZONOFF, V BARBER, C HUME, B JANNELLI, L SCHUSTER, M MCLAUGHLIN, H AF OZONOFF, V BARBER, C HUME, B JANNELLI, L SCHUSTER, M MCLAUGHLIN, H TI EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SURVEILLANCE FOR WEAPON-RELATED INJURIES - MASSACHUSETTS, NOVEMBER 1993 APRIL 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 160-163, 169, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID FIREARM INJURIES C1 CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP OZONOFF, V (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,150 TREMONT ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 22 BP 1746 EP 1747 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB800 UT WOS:A1995RB80000023 ER PT J AU MUSONG, M MUYEMBE, T KIBASA AF MUSONG, M MUYEMBE, T KIBASA TI OUTBREAK OF EBOLA VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - ZAIRE, 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 381-382, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV KINSHASA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. KIKWIT GEN HOSP,KIKWIT,ZAIRE. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 22 BP 1747 EP 1748 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB800 UT WOS:A1995RB80000024 ER PT J AU MUSONG, M MUYEMBE, T MUNGALA, K AF MUSONG, M MUYEMBE, T MUNGALA, K TI UPDATE - OUTBREAK OF EBOLA VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - ZAIRE, 1995 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 44, PG 399, 1995) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV KINSHASA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. KIKWIT GEN HOSP,KIKWIT,ZAIRE. TECH SCI INT COORDINATING COMM,KIKWIT,ZAIRE. MED SANS FRONTIERES,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 22 BP 1748 EP 1748 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB800 UT WOS:A1995RB80000025 ER PT J AU ANNEST, JL MERCY, JA GIBSON, DR RYAN, GW AF ANNEST, JL MERCY, JA GIBSON, DR RYAN, GW TI NATIONAL ESTIMATES OF NONFATAL FIREARM-RELATED INJURIES - BEYOND THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GUN OWNERSHIP; HOMICIDE; HOME AB Objective.-To describe the magnitude and characteristics of nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States and to compare nonfatal injury rates with firearm-related fatality rates. Design.-Data were obtained from medical records for all firearm-related injury cases identified using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from June 1, 1992, through May 31, 1993. Setting.-NEISS comprises 91 hospitals that are a stratified probability sample of all hospitals in the United States and its territories that have at least six beds and provide 24-hour emergency service. Main Outcome Measures.-Numbers and population rates for nonfatal and fatal firearm-related injuries. Results.-An estimated 99 025 (95% confidence interval [CI], 56 325 to 141 725) persons (or 38.6 per 100 000 population; 95% CI, 22.0 to 55.2) were treated for nonfatal firearm-related injuries in US hospital emergency departments during the study period. The rate of nonfatal firearm-related injuries treated was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5 to 3.7) times the national rate of fatal firearm-related injuries for 1992. Conclusions.-Nonfatal firearm-related injuries contribute substantially to the overall public health burden of firearm-related injuries. NEISS can be useful to monitor the number of nonfatal firearm-related injuries in the United States. A national surveillance system is needed to provide uniform data on firearm-related injury morbidity and mortality for use in research and prevention efforts. RP ANNEST, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,OFF STAT & PROGRAMMING K59,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 28 TC 194 Z9 194 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 22 BP 1749 EP 1754 DI 10.1001/jama.273.22.1749 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB800 UT WOS:A1995RB80000026 PM 7769767 ER PT J AU SOSIN, DM SNIEZEK, JE WAXWELLER, RJ AF SOSIN, DM SNIEZEK, JE WAXWELLER, RJ TI TRENDS IN DEATH ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY, 1979 THROUGH 1992 - SUCCESS AND FAILURE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; HEAD-INJURY AB Objective.-To report updated national trends in traumatic brain injury deaths from 1979 through 1992. Design.-Retrospective analysis of Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Data Tapes from the National Center for Health Statistics. All deaths associated with traumatic brain injury were identified, the underlying causes of death were categorized, and the annual rates were calculated per 100 000 US residents. Patients.-Residents of the United States who died with traumatic brain injury from 1979 through 1992. Results.-An average of 52 000 US residents die each year with traumatic brain injuries. The brain injury-associated death rate declined 22% from 24.6 per 100 000 US residents in 1979 to 19.3 per 100 000 US residents in 1992. Firearm-related rates increased 13% from 1984 through 1992, undermining a 25% decline in motor vehicle-related rates for the same period. Firearms surpassed motor vehicles as the largest single cause of death associated with traumatic brain injury in 1990. Conclusions.-These data highlight the success of efforts to prevent traumatic brain injury due to motor vehicles and failure to prevent such injuries due to firearms. The increasing importance of penetrating injury has important implications for research, treatment, and prevention of traumatic brain injury in the United States. RP SOSIN, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 14 TC 247 Z9 252 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 22 BP 1778 EP 1780 DI 10.1001/jama.273.22.1778 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB800 UT WOS:A1995RB80000032 PM 7769773 ER PT J AU DOWELL, SF TOKO, A SITA, C PIARROUX, R DUERR, A WOODRUFF, BA AF DOWELL, SF TOKO, A SITA, C PIARROUX, R DUERR, A WOODRUFF, BA TI HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN CENTERS FOR UNACCOMPANIED REFUGEE CHILDREN - EXPERIENCE FROM THE 1994 RWANDAN REFUGEE CRISIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY C1 MED MONDE,MARSEILLE,FRANCE. UN,CHILDRENS FUND,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP DOWELL, SF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 14 PY 1995 VL 273 IS 22 BP 1802 EP 1806 DI 10.1001/jama.273.22.1802 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB800 UT WOS:A1995RB80000037 PM 7769778 ER PT J AU NAHLEN, BL TERKUILE, MM RICHTERS, JM OLOO, A PHILLIPSHOWARD, PA AF NAHLEN, BL TERKUILE, MM RICHTERS, JM OLOO, A PHILLIPSHOWARD, PA TI THE RIGHT NOT TO KNOW HIV-TEST RESULTS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID PREGNANCY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ACAD HOSP LEIDEN,DEPT OBSTET & GYNAECOL,LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. RP NAHLEN, BL (reprint author), KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,POB 1578,KISUMU,KENYA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 10 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8963 BP 1507 EP 1508 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RC189 UT WOS:A1995RC18900037 PM 7769917 ER PT J AU WELTMAN, AC RIGHI, SP DIFERDINANDO, GT JOVELL, RJ DRISCOLL, JR AF WELTMAN, AC RIGHI, SP DIFERDINANDO, GT JOVELL, RJ DRISCOLL, JR TI RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ALBANY,NY. RP WELTMAN, AC (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR TB CONTROL,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 10 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8963 BP 1513 EP 1513 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)91074-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RC189 UT WOS:A1995RC18900049 PM 7769928 ER PT J AU VERHEUL, AFM UDHAYAKUMAR, V JUE, DL WOHLHUETER, RM LAL, AA AF VERHEUL, AFM UDHAYAKUMAR, V JUE, DL WOHLHUETER, RM LAL, AA TI MONOPALMITIC ACID-PEPTIDE CONJUGATES INDUCE CYTOTOXIC T-CELL RESPONSES AGAINST MALARIAL EPITOPES - IMPORTANCE OF SPACER AMINO-ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE MONOPALMITIC LIPOPEPTIDE; CYTOTOXIC T CELL; SPACER AMINO ACID ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; LYMPHOCYTES-T; PLASMODIUM; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOGENICITY; SPOROZOITES; ENHANCEMENT; ANTIGENS; MOLECULE AB Cytolytic T cells (CTL) play a critical role in providing protection against the liver stage of malaria infection. Previous investigations have shown that induction of CTL against peptide or proteins can be achieved by attachment of lipids. In the present study, we used the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein CTL epitope (SYIPSAEKT (PL76)). This peptide with cysteine-serine (CS) as spacer amino acids was coupled to palmitic acid (PA). The same CTL epitope containing only an extra serine was linked to S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2-RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteine (tripam-C). Inbred mice [(BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1] were immunized intravenously with the lipopeptides. Both types of lipopeptides induced significant CTL responses after one injection. Immunization of the monopalmitic acid-peptide conjugate intraperitoneally emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant also induced a significant CTL response, but the magnitude was lower as compared to the intravenous route. The major advantages of the use of the simple monopalmitic acid-peptide conjugates are: (i) low costs of the fatty acid; (ii) coupling of lipid to peptide can be performed using the peptide synthesizer during standard peptide synthesis, and (iii) standard peptide methodology can be used for purification. To investigate whether a spacer amino acid sequence between the actual CTL epitope and PA is required for induction of an optimal CTL response, we prepared monopalmitic acid-peptide conjugates with different spacer amino acids. A lipopeptide without a spacer amino acid and another one containing the CS spacer sequence both induced a CTL response, whereas a lipopeptide with a serine as spacer failed to induce CTL. These results indicate that the amino acid spacer sequences influence the immunological properties of the palmitic acid-peptide conjugates. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD JUN 9 PY 1995 VL 182 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(95)00052-C PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA RD798 UT WOS:A1995RD79800007 PM 7540640 ER PT J AU LUBIN, JH BOICE, JD EDLING, C HORNUNG, RW HOWE, GR KUNZ, E KUSIAK, RA MORRISON, HI RADFORD, EP SAMET, JM TIRMARCHE, M WOODWARD, A YAO, SX PIERCE, DA AF LUBIN, JH BOICE, JD EDLING, C HORNUNG, RW HOWE, GR KUNZ, E KUSIAK, RA MORRISON, HI RADFORD, EP SAMET, JM TIRMARCHE, M WOODWARD, A YAO, SX PIERCE, DA TI LUNG-CANCER IN RADON-EXPOSED MINERS AND ESTIMATION OF RISK FROM INDOOR EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID URANIUM MINERS; DAUGHTER EXPOSURES; MORTALITY 1950-80; TIN MINERS; COHORT; WORKERS; STATES; PROGENY; CHINA AB Background: Radioactive radon is an inert gas that can migrate from soils and rocks and accumulate in enclosed areas, such as homes and underground mines. Studies of miners show that exposure to radon decay products causes lung cancer. Consequently, it is of public health interest to estimate accurately the consequences of daily, low-level exposure in homes to this known carcinogen. Epidemiologic studies of residential radon exposure are burdened by an inability to estimate exposure accurately, low total exposure, and subsequent small excess risks. As a result, the studies have been inconclusive to date. Estimates of the hazard posed by residential radon have been based on analyses of data on miners, with recent estimates based on a pooling of four occupational cohort studies of miners, including 360 lung cancer deaths. Purpose: To more fully describe the lung cancer risk in radon-exposed miners, we pooled original data from 11 studies of radon-exposed underground miners, conducted a comprehensive analysis, and developed models for estimating radon-associated lung cancer risk. Methods: We pooled original data from 11 cohort studies of radon-exposed underground miners, including 65 000 men and more than 2700 lung cancer deaths, and fit various relative risk (RR) regression models. Results: The RR relationship for cumulative radon progeny exposure was consistently linear in the range of miner exposures, suggesting that exposures at lower levels, such as in homes, would carry some risk. The exposure-response trend for never-smokers was threefold the trend for smokers, indicating a greater RR for exposure in never-smokers. The RR from exposure diminished with time since the exposure occurred. For equal total exposure, exposures of long duration (and low rate) were more harmful than exposures of short duration (and high rate). Conclusions: In the miners, about 40% of all lung cancer deaths may be due to radon progeny exposure, 70% of lung cancer deaths in never-smokers, and 39% of lung cancer deaths in smokers. In the United States, 10% of all lung cancer deaths might be due to indoor radon exposure, 11% of lung cancer deaths in smokers, and 30% of lung cancer deaths in never-smokers. This risk model estimates that reducing radon in all homes exceeding the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's recommended action level may reduce lung cancer deaths about 2%-4%. These estimates should be interpreted with caution, because concomitant exposures of miners to agents such as arsenic or diesel exhaust may modify the radon effect and, when considered together with other differences between homes and mines, might reduce the generalizability of findings in miners. C1 UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT OCCUPAT MED,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. UNIV TORONTO,NATL CANC INST CANADA,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,CTR RADIAT HYG,PRAGUE,CZECH REPUBLIC. ONTARIO MINIST LABOR,RES & REGULAT BRANCH,HLTH & SAFETY UNIT,TORONTO,ON,CANADA. HLTH & WELF CANADA,DIV SURVEILLANCE & RISK ASSESSMENT,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD. INST PROTECT & NUCL SAFETY,EPIDEMIOL & HLTH DETRIMENT ANAL LAB,FONTENAY ROSES,FRANCE. UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,ADELAIDE,SA,AUSTRALIA. CHINA NATL NONFERROUS METALS IND CORP,YUNNAN TIN CORP,INST LABOR PROTECT,GEJIU,PEOPLES R CHINA. UNIV OREGON,DEPT STAT,CORVALLIS,OR. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012; OI Woodward, Alistair/0000-0001-5425-6018 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA51007] NR 37 TC 199 Z9 210 U1 5 U2 30 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 7 PY 1995 VL 87 IS 11 BP 817 EP 827 DI 10.1093/jnci/87.11.817 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA RA843 UT WOS:A1995RA84300012 PM 7791231 ER PT J AU VELANDIA, M FRIDKIN, SK CARDENAS, V BOSHELL, J RAMIREZ, G BLAND, L IGLESIAS, A JARVIS, W AF VELANDIA, M FRIDKIN, SK CARDENAS, V BOSHELL, J RAMIREZ, G BLAND, L IGLESIAS, A JARVIS, W TI TRANSMISSION OF HIV IN DIALYSIS CENTER SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE; HEMODIALYSIS; PREVALENCE; BLOOD AB In August, 1993, 13 dialysis patients at one dialysis centre. in Colombia, South America, were found to be HIV positive, and this prompted an epidemiological investigation. We carried out a cohort study of all dialysis centre patients during January, 1992 to December, 1993 (epidemic period) to determine risk factors for HIV seroconversion. Haemodialysis and medical records were reviewed, dialysis centre staff and surviving patients were interviewed, and dialysis practices were observed. Stored sera from all dialysis centre patients were tested for HIV antibody. 12 (52%) of 23 patients tested positive for HIV antibody by enzyme immunoassay and western blot during the epidemic period. Of the 23 tested, 9 (39%) converted from HIV antibody negative to positive (seroconverters) and 10 (44%) remained HIV negative (seronegatives). The HIV seroconversion rate was higher among patients dialysed at the centre while a new patient, who was HIV seropositive, was dialysed there (90% vs 0%; p<0.01), or when the dialysis centre reprocessed access needles, dialysers, and bloodlines (60% vs 0%). While 2 of 9 HIV seroconverters had had sex with prostitutes, none had received unscreened blood products or had other HIV risk factors. No surgical or dental procedures were associated with HIV seroconversion. Dialysers were reprocessed separately with 5% formaldehyde and were labelled for use on the same patient. Access needles were reprocessed by soaking them in a common container with a low-level disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride; 4 pairs of needles were placed in one pan creating the potential for cross-contamination or use of one patient's needles on another patient. HIV transmission at the dialysis centre was confirmed, Improperly reprocessed patient-care equipment, most probably access needles, is the likely mechanism of transmission. This outbreak was discovered by accident and similar transmission may be occurring in many other countries where low-level disinfectants are used to sterilise critical patient-care equipment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLOMBIAN FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. NATL INST HLTH,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. IND UNIV SANTANDER,SCH MED,SANTANDER,SPAIN. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 3 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8962 BP 1417 EP 1422 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92603-8 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB441 UT WOS:A1995RB44100015 PM 7760615 ER PT J AU DADA, AJ OLUMIDE, YM HENRARD, DR PHELPS, B PAU, CP QUINN, TC BIGGAR, RJ OBRIEN, TR BLATTNER, WA AF DADA, AJ OLUMIDE, YM HENRARD, DR PHELPS, B PAU, CP QUINN, TC BIGGAR, RJ OBRIEN, TR BLATTNER, WA TI SEARCH FOR HIV-1 GROUP-O INFECTION IN NIGERIA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 LAGOS UNIV TEACHING HOSP,STD DERMATOL CLIN,LAGOS,NIGERIA. ABBOTT LABS,RETROVIRUS MED RES,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD. RP DADA, AJ (reprint author), NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20852, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0099-5355 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 3 PY 1995 VL 345 IS 8962 BP 1436 EP 1436 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92623-2 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RB441 UT WOS:A1995RB44100037 PM 7760622 ER PT J AU THURMAN, DJ BURNETT, CL BEAUDOIN, DE JEPPSON, L SNIEZEK, JE AF THURMAN, DJ BURNETT, CL BEAUDOIN, DE JEPPSON, L SNIEZEK, JE TI RISK-FACTORS AND MECHANISMS OF OCCURRENCE IN MOTOR VEHICLE-RELATED SPINAL-CORD INJURIES - UTAH SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Note CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-the-Advancement-of-Automotive-Medicine CY NOV 04-06, 1993 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Assoc Adv Automot Med DE SPINAL CORD INJURY; INCIDENCE; RISK FACTORS; MOTOR VEHICLE ROLLOVER ID FATAL TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS; ROLLOVER CAR CRASHES; CERVICAL-SPINE AB The purpose of this paper is to describe the incidence, risk factors, and crash factors of motor-vehicle-related spinal cord injuries in Utah. The Utah Department of Health established a statewide registry of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) occurring in 1989-1991, analyzing data from hospital medical records and police reports. Forty-nine percent of all SCIs involved motor vehicles, including injuries arising from motor vehicle collisions with bicyclists and pedestrians. Adolescent and young adult males were at highest risk of injury. Among occupants of automobiles and trucks with SCI, 70% were involved in a vehicle rollover, while 39% were ejected from the vehicle. Only 25% reported using seatbelts. SCIs were much more likely to be associated with rollover compared with other types of motor vehicle-occupant injuries. These findings suggest areas in which SCI prevention programs and research should be focused. C1 UTAH DEPT HLTH,DIV FAMILY HLTH SERV,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. UTAH DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. RP THURMAN, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,MAILSTOP F-41,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 27 IS 3 BP 411 EP 415 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(94)00059-U PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA QY401 UT WOS:A1995QY40100012 PM 7639924 ER PT J AU SWEENEY, P FLEMING, PL WARD, JW AF SWEENEY, P FLEMING, PL WARD, JW TI MONITORING CURRENT HIV TRANSMISSION TO PROMOTE PREVENTION - SUPPLEMENTING AIDS SURVEILLANCE SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV; AIDS; SURVEILLANCE; RECENT INFECTION; HIV REPORTING ID MEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 645 EP 647 DI 10.1097/00002030-199506000-00018 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RA007 UT WOS:A1995RA00700018 PM 7662206 ER PT J AU BRATTEGAARD, K SOROH, D ZADI, F DIGBEU, H VETTER, KM DECOCK, KM AF BRATTEGAARD, K SOROH, D ZADI, F DIGBEU, H VETTER, KM DECOCK, KM TI INSENSITIVITY OF A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE-BASED TEST (PEPTI-LAV 1-2) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV-INFECTION IN AFRICAN CHILDREN SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP BRATTEGAARD, K (reprint author), PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1995 VL 9 IS 6 BP 656 EP 657 DI 10.1097/00002030-199506000-00023 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA RA007 UT WOS:A1995RA00700023 PM 7662211 ER PT J AU HOLTZMAN, D MATHIS, MP KANN, L COLLINS, JL KOLBE, LJ AF HOLTZMAN, D MATHIS, MP KANN, L COLLINS, JL KOLBE, LJ TI TRENDS IN RISK BEHAVIORS FOR HIV-INFECTION AMONG US HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS, 1989-1991 SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENTS; KNOWLEDGE; TEENAGERS; YOUTH; COMMUNICATION; PATTERNS; PROGRAM AB The objective of this study was to examine trends in rates of self-reported HIV-related instruction and behaviors among high school students in the United States. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by three independent, multistage national probability samples of public and private school students in grades 9 through 12 who were surveyed in the spring of 1989, 1990, and 1991, respectively. Controlling for demographic characteristics, we used logistic regression to test for trends from 1989 to 1991. From 1989 to 1991, the proportion of students who had received HIV instruction in school significantly increased from 53.7% in 1989 to 83.3% in 1991 At the same time, the proportion of students engaging in selected sexual behaviors generally decreased. We found significant declines in the proportion of students who had engaged in sexual intercourse (58.5% in 1989 to 54.1% in 1991), had two or more sex partners during their lifetime (40.1% in 1989 to 35.2% in 1991), and had four or more lifetime sex partners (23.6% in 1989 to 18.7% in 1991). School-based HIV instruction, which is reaching greater numbers of U.S. students, may be contributing to the decline in reported risk behavior. However, because the current level of HIV-related behavior is still too high, risk-reduction efforts for adolescents should be maintained and strengthened. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30334. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP HOLTZMAN, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 7 IS 3 BP 265 EP 277 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA663 UT WOS:A1995RA66300006 PM 7646949 ER PT J AU BOENIGER, MF AF BOENIGER, MF TI USE OF OZONE GENERATING DEVICES TO IMPROVE INDOOR AIR-QUALITY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EXPOSURE; LUNG; CONSEQUENCES; MECHANISMS; CHEMISTRY; LESIONS; ODOR AB Room ozonization has been in widespread use to ''freshen'' indoor air for more than 100 years. This use is sometimes promoted with the claim that ozone can oxidize airborne gases, and even particulates, to simple carbon dioxide and water vapor. Aside from whether ozone can improve indoor air quality, the potentially deleterious consequences to public health of overexposure to ozone are of concern. The literature on both allegations is reviewed. It indicates that ozone is nor a practical and effective means of improving indoor air quality, especially in light of its potentially serious risk to health. RP BOENIGER, MF (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 65 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 56 IS 6 BP 590 EP 598 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1995)056<0590:UOOGDT>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ898 UT WOS:A1995QZ89800008 PM 7778526 ER PT J AU SIMONSEN, L BUFFINGTON, J SHAPIRO, CN HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW GROSSMAN, BJ WILLIAMS, AE SCHONBERGER, LB AF SIMONSEN, L BUFFINGTON, J SHAPIRO, CN HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW GROSSMAN, BJ WILLIAMS, AE SCHONBERGER, LB TI MULTIPLE FALSE REACTIONS IN VIRAL ANTIBODY SCREENING ASSAYS AFTER INFLUENZA VACCINATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLOOD DONORS; FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS; HIV; HTLV-I; HEPATITIS C VIRUSES; INFLUENZA VACCINE AB In December 1991, US blood centers reported an unusual increase in donations that tested falsely reactive for antibodies to two or more (multiple false positive) of the following viruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I), and hepatitis C virus. Many of these donations were from people who had recently received the 1991-1992 influenza vaccine, raising the possibility that this vaccine had somehow specifically caused the problem of multiple false reactivity, A case-control study of 101 affected donors and 191 matched controls found that recent receipt of any brand of influenza vaccine was significantly associated with testing multiple false positive (p < 0.05), as was a history of recent acute illness (p < 0.05) and of allergies (p < 0.05). Surveillance for monthly rates of multiple reactive donations from May 1990 through December 1992 linked the seasonal cluster of multiple false-positive donations to the use of viral screening test kits thought to react nonspecifically to donor immunoglobulin M. There was no similar increase in multiple false-positive donations during the 1992-1993 influenza vaccination season after the HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus tests were replaced; however, the number of donations that were falsely reactive for only HTLV-I almost doubled, indicating that false reactivity was not specifically associated with the 1991-1992 influenza vaccine. Retesting of affected donors found that the duration of HTLV-I and hepatitis C virus false reactivity was 3-6 months. The cluster of multiple false-positive donations in 1991 was most likely caused by the test kits used, rather than by the influenza vaccine. C1 AMER RED CROSS,NATL HQ,WASHINGTON,DC. NATL AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP SIMONSEN, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MS A-32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 12 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 BP 1089 EP 1096 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA QZ866 UT WOS:A1995QZ86600011 PM 7539579 ER PT J AU BOTTO, LD KHOURY, MJ MULINARE, J AF BOTTO, LD KHOURY, MJ MULINARE, J TI PERICONCEPTIONAL USE OF MULTIVITAMINS AND THE PREVENTION OF CONOTRUNCAL HEART-DEFECTS - EVIDENCE FROM A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800014 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA YEARGINALLSOPP, M DOERNBERG, N AF BOYLE, CA YEARGINALLSOPP, M DOERNBERG, N TI THE PREVALENCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES AMONG CHILDREN AGED 3-10 YEARS - THE METROPOLITAN ATLANTA DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S8 EP S8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800031 ER PT J AU CHING, P ZELL, E EZZATIRICE, T MASSEY, J AF CHING, P ZELL, E EZZATIRICE, T MASSEY, J TI IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AMONG 2-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN - THE STATE AND LOCAL-AREA IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AND HEALTH SURVEY (SLICHS) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800032 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG CASPERSEN, CJ AF ESCOBEDO, LG CASPERSEN, CJ TI RISKS FACTORS FOR SUDDEN CORONARY DEATH - A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S71 EP S71 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800280 ER PT J AU GRAJEWSKI, B SCHNORR, TM REEFHUIS, J SALVAN, A ROELEVELD, N MUELLER, CA MURRAY, WE CONOVER, DL AF GRAJEWSKI, B SCHNORR, TM REEFHUIS, J SALVAN, A ROELEVELD, N MUELLER, CA MURRAY, WE CONOVER, DL TI WORK WITH VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS AND THE RISK OF LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT AND PRETERM BIRTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Roeleveld, Nel/B-4242-2008; Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Roeleveld, Nel/0000-0002-3390-4466; Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S73 EP S73 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800287 ER PT J AU HILLIS, SD AMSTERDAM, L MARCHBANKS, P AF HILLIS, SD AMSTERDAM, L MARCHBANKS, P TI CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES - TRENDS IN PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE, AND RECURRENCE FOLLOWING A COMPREHENSIVE PREVENTION PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,HIVP,DIV STD,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S25 EP S25 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800097 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL WIKNJOSASTRO, G SUMAMPOUW, H LINNAN, M UTOMO, B AF JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL WIKNJOSASTRO, G SUMAMPOUW, H LINNAN, M UTOMO, B TI INTRAVAGINAL CLINDAMYCIN TREATMENT FOR BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS - EFFECTS ON PRETERM DELIVERY AND LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S24 EP S24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800092 ER PT J AU KENDRICK, JS ATRASH, HK STRAUSS, LT GARGIULLO, PM AF KENDRICK, JS ATRASH, HK STRAUSS, LT GARGIULLO, PM TI VAGINAL DOUCHING AND RISK OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY AMONG BLACK-WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S25 EP S25 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800098 ER PT J AU LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ VANN, JC THOMPSON, CK AF LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ VANN, JC THOMPSON, CK TI DOES REQUESTING BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS AFFECT PARTICIPATION RATES IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES - AN EVALUATION FROM A POPULATION-BASED BIRTH-DEFECTS STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800009 ER PT J AU MELLINGER, A EDMONDS, L HOLMES, S WILLIAMS, W JONES, D AF MELLINGER, A EDMONDS, L HOLMES, S WILLIAMS, W JONES, D TI CONGENITAL-RUBELLA SYNDROME SURVEILLANCE IN A LOW INCIDENCE ERA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S46 EP S46 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800181 ER PT J AU MENDELL, MJ FISK, WJ DEDDENS, JA SEAVEY, W DAISEY, JM SMITH, AH AF MENDELL, MJ FISK, WJ DEDDENS, JA SEAVEY, W DAISEY, JM SMITH, AH TI VENTILATION TYPE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR BUILDING-RELATED SYMPTOMS IN THE CALIFORNIA HEALTHY BUILDING STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. RI Smith, Allan/F-9249-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800128 ER PT J AU MONTANA, E ETZEL, R DEARBORN, D SORENSON, W HILL, R AF MONTANA, E ETZEL, R DEARBORN, D SORENSON, W HILL, R TI ACUTE PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN INFANCY ASSOCIATED WITH STACHYBOTRYS-ATRA, CLEVELAND, OHIO, 1993-1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S83 EP S83 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800327 ER PT J AU MULINARE, J ERICKSON, JD JAMES, LM BERRY, RJ AF MULINARE, J ERICKSON, JD JAMES, LM BERRY, RJ TI DOES PERICONCEPTIONAL USE OF MULTIVITAMINS REDUCE THE OCCURRENCE OF BIRTH-DEFECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800010 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE GRANTWORLEY, JA POWELL, K MERCY, J AF NELSON, DE GRANTWORLEY, JA POWELL, K MERCY, J TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GUN USE AND GUN CARRYING AMONG ADULTS - FROM A POPULATION-BASED SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800329 ER PT J AU PINKERTON, L BIAGINI, R WARD, E HULL, R BOENIGER, M SCHNORR, T LUSTER, M AF PINKERTON, L BIAGINI, R WARD, E HULL, R BOENIGER, M SCHNORR, T LUSTER, M TI A STUDY OF THE IMMUNOTOXIC EFFECTS OF LEAD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27799. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800027 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, CF PALU, S AF ROBINSON, CF PALU, S TI CARPENTERS EMPLOYED IN US CONSTRUCTION OR WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY 1987-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800118 ER PT J AU SCHIEBER, R KRESNOW, M SACKS, J PLEDGER, E ONEIL, J TOOMEY, K AF SCHIEBER, R KRESNOW, M SACKS, J PLEDGER, E ONEIL, J TOOMEY, K TI BICYCLE HELMET OWNERSHIP AND USE BY CHILDREN UNDER A NEW STATE-LAW SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800017 ER PT J AU SCHNORR, T STEENLAND, K AF SCHNORR, T STEENLAND, K TI UNDERASCERTAINMENT OF DEATHS USING THE SOCIAL-SECURITY ADMINISTRATION DEATH MASTER FILE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S58 EP S58 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800229 ER PT J AU STALLINGS, F MCGEEHIN, M JONES, P SARASUA, S AF STALLINGS, F MCGEEHIN, M JONES, P SARASUA, S TI MULTISITE STUDY OF LEAD-EXPOSURE IN YOUNG-CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800129 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, WK FINE, L AF STEENLAND, WK FINE, L TI SHIFT, SHIFT CHANGE, AND RISK OF DEATH FROM HEART-DISEASE AT WORK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800070 ER PT J AU TACHDJIAN, R STRIKAS, RA WILLIAMS, WW BAUGHMAN, AL LINKINS, RW AF TACHDJIAN, R STRIKAS, RA WILLIAMS, WW BAUGHMAN, AL LINKINS, RW TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFLUENZA VACCINATION AMONG ADULTS WITH DIABETES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800150 ER PT J AU TERRACCIANO, G DAVIS, K ROBERTS, D MCGEEHIN, M AF TERRACCIANO, G DAVIS, K ROBERTS, D MCGEEHIN, M TI RESPIRATORY HEALTH OUTCOMES IN PEOPLE LIVING NEAR LEAD SMELTERS IN MISSOURI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S33 EP S33 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800130 ER PT J AU WILCOX, L LEPINE, L KIEKE, B AF WILCOX, L LEPINE, L KIEKE, B TI DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES AMONG WOMEN RECEIVING HYSTERECTOMY OR MYOMECTOMY FOR UTERINE LEIOMYOMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800194 ER PT J AU WU, GW BOWLIN, SJ HAHN, RA HEATH, GW AF WU, GW BOWLIN, SJ HAHN, RA HEATH, GW TI RACIAL VARIATION IN SELF-ASSESSED HEALTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S76 EP S76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800300 ER PT J AU YOON, PW FREEMAN, S TAFT, L FLANDERS, D KHOURY, M SHERMAN, S HASSOLD, T AF YOON, PW FREEMAN, S TAFT, L FLANDERS, D KHOURY, M SHERMAN, S HASSOLD, T TI ADVANCED MATERNAL AND PATERNAL AGES AND THE RISK OF DOWN-SYNDROME CHARACTERIZED BY THE ORIGIN OF THE CHROMOSOMAL ERROR - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800011 ER PT J AU YUSUF, HR CROFT, JB GILES, W ANDA, R CASPER, M JONES, D AF YUSUF, HR CROFT, JB GILES, W ANDA, R CASPER, M JONES, D TI CORRELATES OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AMONG THE UNITED-STATES ELDERLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1995 VL 141 IS 11 SU S BP S2 EP S2 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA788 UT WOS:A1995RA78800008 ER PT J AU ORDIN, DL FINE, LJ AF ORDIN, DL FINE, LJ TI SURVEILLANCE FOR PESTICIDE-RELATED ILLNESS - LESSONS FROM CALIFORNIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP ORDIN, DL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 762 EP 763 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.762 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700003 PM 7762705 ER PT J AU MOHLEBOETANI, JC STAPLETON, M FINGER, R BEAN, NH POUNDSTONE, J BLAKE, PA GRIFFIN, PM AF MOHLEBOETANI, JC STAPLETON, M FINGER, R BEAN, NH POUNDSTONE, J BLAKE, PA GRIFFIN, PM TI COMMUNITY-WIDE SHIGELLOSIS - CONTROL OF AN OUTBREAK AND RISK-FACTORS IN CHILD DAY-CARE-CENTERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEA AB Objectives. The study's objectives were to assess (1) control of a community outbreak of shigellosis through the promotion of handwashing, (2) risk factors in day-care centers, and (3) shigellosis attributable to attendance at a day-care center. Methods. In 1991, an outbreak of shigella sonnei infections occurred in Lexington-Fayette County, Ky; 14 licensed child day-care centers were involved. Communitywide promotion of hand washing was instituted along with diarrhea surveillance. A case-control study compared-daycare Centers that had confirmed cases of shigellosis with centers that had none. A family transmission study determined those cases attributable able to attendance at day-care centers. Results. The outbreak abated 3 weeks after the interventions' initiation, Day-care centers with outbreaks were more likely than those with no cases to have a food handler who changed diapers and to provide transportation for children from their homes to the Center. These centers also had a higher toddler-to-toilet ratio than control centers (21 vs 12). In 58% of families with shigellosis, the first person with diarrhea during the outbreak was a child younger than 6 years; 92% of diarrheal illnesses among these children were attributable to day-care attendance. Conclusions. Community involvement ment in increasing hand washing most likely resulted control of this shigellosis outbreak. Diarrhea prevention strategies in day-care centers could prevent substantial communitywide disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREVENT MED PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LEXINGTON FAYETTE CTY HLTH DEPT,LEXINGTON,KY. KENTUCKY STATE DEPT HLTH SERV,FRANKFORT,KY. NR 18 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 812 EP 816 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.812 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700013 PM 7762715 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, J SMITH, RA GIUSTI, R DEBUONO, B FULTON, JP SCOTT, HD AF FELDMAN, J SMITH, RA GIUSTI, R DEBUONO, B FULTON, JP SCOTT, HD TI PEER-REVIEW OF MAMMOGRAPHY INTERPRETATIONS IN A BREAST-CANCER SCREENING-PROGRAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB Mammograms from a statewide screening program were subjected to a blind review by a panel of expert mammographers. Ninety-five percent (173/182) of original normal mammograms and 53% (164/311) of original abnormal mammograms were reread as normal. In comparison with the expert panel, community radiologists were more likely to request a repeat mammogram in 6 months than to interpret a mammogram as normal or address their uncertainty with an immediate diagnostic workup. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP FELDMAN, J (reprint author), RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DIV PREVENT HLTH SERV,3 CAPITOL HILL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908, USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50-CC0102929-01] NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 837 EP 839 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.837 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700019 PM 7762720 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LM MAY, DS AF ANDERSON, LM MAY, DS TI HAS THE USE OF CERVICAL, BREAST, AND COLORECTAL-CANCER SCREENING INCREASED IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID MORTALITY; MAMMOGRAPHY; REDUCTION AB This report describes trends in reported breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening within the US population from 1987 to 1992. Data from the 1987 and 1992 Cancer Control Supplements of the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to determine use of PaP smears by women aged 18+; of mammography and clinical breast examination by women aged 50+; and of proctoscopy, digital rectal examination, and fecal occult blood testing among men and women aged 50+. Use of mammography doubled between 1987 and 1992 while Pap smear use changed very little. Use of the three colorectal cancer screening modalities increased but levels-remained low. Usage trends were also assessed in relation to several sociodemographic factors. Disparities in screening reported in 1987 according to income and education persisted in 1992. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDERSON, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 291 Z9 291 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 840 EP 842 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.840 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700020 PM 7762721 ER PT J AU JACKSON, LA SCHUCHAT, A GORSKY, RD WENGER, JD AF JACKSON, LA SCHUCHAT, A GORSKY, RD WENGER, JD TI SHOULD COLLEGE-STUDENTS BE VACCINATED AGAINST MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE - A COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; MENINGITIS AB Outbreaks and sporadic cases of meningococcal disease among college students have prompted consideration of a policy of routine vaccination for this group. Purchase and administration of the vaccine for routine vaccination would cost $56 million per year. Savings in medical care and indirect costs would not equal this amount unless the annual rate of disease among students is at least 6.5/100 000. The actual rate among students is unknown; however, surveillance data suggest it could not be more than 1.3/100 000. At rates near this estimate, the net cost of the program would be approximately $45 million annually. More cost-effective prevention strategies might be yielded by further studies to identify students at substantial risk of meningococcal disease, or by the development of a conjugate serogroup C vaccine that could be administered during infancy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT HLTH MANAGEMENT & POLICY,DURHAM,NH 03824. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 843 EP 845 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.843 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700021 PM 7762722 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, G MORAN, JS PETERMAN, TA POLISH, L REINGOLD, AL AF WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, G MORAN, JS PETERMAN, TA POLISH, L REINGOLD, AL TI ROUTINE HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION IN A CLINIC FOR SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID RISK HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES; DENTAL PRACTITIONERS; UNITED-STATES; ACCEPTANCE; STRATEGIES AB Patients were assigned to one of two vaccine schedules to assess the feasibility of vaccinating asexually transmitted disease clinic population against hepatitis B virus. Of 1386 patients entering an inner-city clinic between June and July 1990, 611 (44%) accepted a first dose of vaccine. Twenty-one percent of all susceptible patients received-at least two doses of vaccine. Annualizing these findings shows that an ongoing program could prevent 636 hepatitis B virus infections per year. Although a significant proportion of sexually transmitted disease clinic patients can be successfully vaccinated, strategies for preventing hepatitis B virus infections in this high-risk population must consider patient behavior as well as vaccine efficacy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU PHS HHS [H25CCH904371-01-2] NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.846 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700022 PM 7762723 ER PT J AU WOOD, D PEREYRA, M HALFON, N HAMLIN, J GRABOWSKY, M AF WOOD, D PEREYRA, M HALFON, N HAMLIN, J GRABOWSKY, M TI VACCINATION LEVELS IN LOS-ANGELES PUBLIC-HEALTH CENTERS - THE CONTRIBUTION OF MISSED OPPORTUNITIES TO VACCINATE AND OTHER FACTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES; CHILDREN; IMPROVE; SYSTEM; AUDIT; RISK AB We abstracted 752 randomly selected records of 2-year-old children at 5 public health centers in Los Angeles. Only 27% of the children were up-to-date in their vaccinations by 2 years of age. Being up-to-date was strongly associated with the number of missed opportunities to vaccinate and number of well child visits. Missed opportunities to vaccinate occurred during 52% of all visits and were associated with minor illness diagnoses and inaccurate immunization status assessment by nurses. Frequent missed opportunities to vaccinate and inadequate numbers of well child visits may result in low immunization levels among children attending public health clinics. C1 RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP WOOD, D (reprint author), CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,AHMANSON DEPT PEDIAT,8700 BEVERLY BLVD,ROOM 4310,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0942] NR 26 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 850 EP 853 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.850 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700023 PM 7762724 ER PT J AU RICE, RJ COSTON, WA BHOOMKAR, A TAMBE, PB SCHMID, DS KNAPP, JS AF RICE, RJ COSTON, WA BHOOMKAR, A TAMBE, PB SCHMID, DS KNAPP, JS TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS IN A PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE - PROFILE AND OUTCOMES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,FULTON CTY HLTH DEPT,ATLANTA,GA. RP RICE, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MS C-12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1995 VL 85 IS 6 BP 874 EP 875 DI 10.2105/AJPH.85.6.874 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA RA317 UT WOS:A1995RA31700033 PM 7762733 ER PT J AU RODRIGUEZFIGUEROA, L RIGAUPEREZ, JG SUAREZ, EL REITER, P AF RODRIGUEZFIGUEROA, L RIGAUPEREZ, JG SUAREZ, EL REITER, P TI RISK-FACTORS FOR DENGUE INFECTION DURING AN OUTBREAK IN YANES, PUERTO-RICO IN 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TRANSMISSION; FEVER AB In November 1991, during a five-month dengue outbreak, we performed epidemiologic and serologic surveys linked to an earlier entomologic study in a community of 425 houses in Yanes (Florida), Puerto Rico. We obtained a household response rate of 95% (98 of 103) and blood samples from 84% (345 of 410) of the participants. Dengue incidence, as volunteered by the respondents, was 5% (21 of 410), but serologic diagnosis (immunoglobulin M and IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]) indicated a recent infection rate of 18% (59 of 331). The presence of anti-dengue antibodies was detected in 277 (84%) of 331 persons tested. In our final sample of 65 households and 112 persons, we analyzed (by univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods) the association of 12 entomologic, environmental, and behavioral variables with the proportion of household members with laboratory-confirmed recent dengue. The number of female Aedes aegpti per person was the only significant (P = 0.02) household risk factor. The results of our study underscore the importance of intradomiciliary mosquito populations in dengue transmission, and may serve as a guide for mosquito control efforts. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,SAN JUAN,PR. NR 31 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 6 BP 496 EP 502 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RK696 UT WOS:A1995RK69600004 PM 7611553 ER PT J AU ROLLIN, PE BOWEN, MD KARIWA, H SALUZZO, JF GUERARD, S FLECHAIRE, A COUDRIER, D SUREAU, P PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF ROLLIN, PE BOWEN, MD KARIWA, H SALUZZO, JF GUERARD, S FLECHAIRE, A COUDRIER, D SUREAU, P PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI SHORT REPORT - ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A PUUMALA-VIRUS FROM A HUMAN CASE OF NEPHROPATHIA-EPIDEMICA IN FRANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Note AB Puumala (PUU) virus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus), the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), the mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, is enzootic in Europe and has been known to occur in France since 1983. We report the first isolation of PUU virus in France and western Europe from a case of NE acquired in France. The virus was isolated from a serum collected in the acute phase of the clinical course by successive blind passages in Vero E6 cells. Serologic typing using monoclonal antibodies confirmed the identity of the virus as PUU. The sequence of an 832-nucleotide fragment of the virus medium RNA segment obtained by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also classified it as a PUU virus. The sequence of this isolate from a human case in France is closely related to the sequence of a PUU virus obtained by the PCR from a German patient. C1 INST PASTEUR,CTR NATL REFERENCE FIEVRES HEMORRAG VIRALES,PARIS,FRANCE. HOKKAIDO UNIV,FAC VET MED,DEPT VET PUBL HLTH,SAPPORO,HOKKAIDO 060,JAPAN. HOP INSTRUCT ARMEES DESGENETTES,SERV MED INTERNE,LYON,FRANCE. INST MERIEUX,MARCY LETOILE,FRANCE. RP ROLLIN, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-14,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Kariwa, Hiroaki/A-5258-2012 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 52 IS 6 BP 577 EP 578 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA RK696 UT WOS:A1995RK69600020 PM 7611568 ER PT J AU MARCUS, R SRIVASTAVA, PU BELL, DM MCKIBBEN, PS CULVER, DH MENDELSON, MH ZALENSKI, RJ KELEN, GD AF MARCUS, R SRIVASTAVA, PU BELL, DM MCKIBBEN, PS CULVER, DH MENDELSON, MH ZALENSKI, RJ KELEN, GD TI OCCUPATIONAL BLOOD CONTACT AMONG PREHOSPITAL PROVIDERS SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: To assess the nature and frequency of blood contact (BC) among emergency medical service (EMS) workers. Design: During an 8-month period, we interviewed EMS workers returning from emergency transport calls on a sample of shifts. We simultaneously conducted an HIV seroprevalence survey among EMS-transported patients at receiving hospitals served by these workers. Setting: Three US cities with high AIDS incidence. Participants: EMS workers. Results: During 165 shifts, 2,472 patients were attended. Sixty-two BCs (1 needlestick and 61 skin contacts) were reported. Individual EMS workers had a mean of 1.25 BCs, including .02 percutaneous exposures, per 100 patients attended. The estimated annual frequency of BC for an EMS worker at the study sites was 12.3, including .2 percutaneous exposures. For 93.5% of the BCs, the HIV serostatus of the source patients was unknown to the EMS worker. HIV seroprevalences among EMS-transported patients at the three receiving hospital emergency departments were 8.3, 7.7, and 4.1 per 100 patients; the highest rates were among male patients 15 to 44 years old who presented with pneumonia. Conclusion: EMS personnel regularly experience BCs, most of which are skin contacts. Because the HIV serostatus of the patient is usually unknown, EMS workers should practice universal precautions. Postexposure management should include a mechanism for voluntary HIV counseling and testing of the patient after transport and transmittal of the results to the EMS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Kelen, Gabor/0000-0002-3236-8286 NR 0 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 25 IS 6 BP 776 EP 779 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70206-7 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA RA349 UT WOS:A1995RA34900008 PM 7755199 ER PT J AU COFFEY, TJ DANIELS, M MCDOUGAL, LK DOWSON, CG TENOVER, FC SPRATT, BG AF COFFEY, TJ DANIELS, M MCDOUGAL, LK DOWSON, CG TENOVER, FC SPRATT, BG TI GENETIC-ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL ISOLATES OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE WITH HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE TO EXPANDED-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEINS; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; MULTIRESISTANT CLONE; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; STRAINS; EVOLUTION; SPAIN; CEFTRIAXONE; MENINGITIS AB Streptococcus pneumoniae CS109 and CS111 were isolated in the United States in 1991 and have high levels of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (MICs of 8 and 32 mu g of cefotaxime per mi, respectively). CS109, but not CS111, also showed high-level resistance to penicillin, As both strains expressed the serotype 23F capsule, were very closely related in overall genotype, and possessed identical or closely related mosaic pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b genes, it is likely that they have arisen from a recent common ancestor. High-level resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was entirely due to alterations of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1a and 2x, since a mixture of the cloned pbp1a and pbp2x genes from the resistant strains could transform the susceptible strain R6 to the full level of cephalosporin resistance of the clinical isolates. Both PBP1a and PBP2x of these strains were more resistant to inhibition by cephalosporins than those of typical highly penicillin-resistant isolates. The pbp1a genes of CS109 and CS111 were identical in sequence, and the fourfold difference in their levels of resistance to cephalosporins was due to a Thr-550-->Ala substitution at the residue following the conserved Lys-Ser-Gly motif of PBP2x. This substitution was also the major cause of the 16-fold-lower resistance of CS111 to penicillin, The pbp2x gene of CS111, in an appropriate genetic background, could provide resistance to 16 mu g of cefotaxime per ml but only to 0.12 mu g of benzylpenicillin per ml. Removal of the codon 550 mutation resulted in a pbp2x gene that provided resistance to 4 mu g of cefotaxime per ml and 4 mu g of benzylpenicillin per ml. The Thr-550-->Ala substitution in CS111 therefore appears to provide increased resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins but a loss of resistance to penicillin. C1 UNIV SUSSEX,SCH BIOL SCI,MOLEC MICROBIOL GRP,BRIGHTON BN1 9QG,E SUSSEX,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009; Coffey, Tracey/G-9956-2011; OI Coffey, Tracey/0000-0003-2518-5470; Dowson, Christopher/0000-0002-8294-8836 FU Wellcome Trust NR 37 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1306 EP 1313 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA RB370 UT WOS:A1995RB37000016 PM 7574521 ER PT J AU ZHUANG, RY BEUCHAT, LR ANGULO, FJ AF ZHUANG, RY BEUCHAT, LR ANGULO, FJ TI FATE OF SALMONELLA-MONTEVIDEO ON AND IN RAW TOMATOES AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE AND TREATMENT WITH CHLORINE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETABLES; LISTERIA; PRODUCE; FRUIT AB A study was undertaken to determine the survival patterns of Salmonella montevideo G4639 on and in tomatoes during storage and the efficacy of chlorine treat:ment on inactivation of the pathogen. The population of S. montevideo on the surfaces of inoculated tomatoes stored at 10 degrees C did not change significantly (P < 0.05) throughout an 18-day storage period. Significant increas;es in population occurred within 7 days and within 1 day when tomatoes were stored at 20 and 30 degrees C, respectively. A significantly higher number of cells was taken up by the core tissue of tomatoes tempered at 25 degrees C when the tomatoes were dipped in a suspension at 10 degrees C compared with the number taken up when the tomatoes were dipped in cell suspensions tempered at 25 or 37 degrees C. Populations remained constant throughout subsequent storage for 8 days at 10 degrees C, regardless of the temperature differential between tomatoes and the dip suspension. Storage of tomatoes at 20 degrees C, however, resulted in significant increases in populations of S. montevideo. Populations of the pathogen on the surfaces and in the core tissues of tomatoes were:significantly reduced by dipping for 2 min in a solution containing 60 or 110 ppm (60 or 110 mu g/ml) chlorine, respectively; however, treatment in solution containing 320 ppm chlorine did not result in complete inactivation. Populations of S. montevideo remained unchanged in chopped tomatoes stored at 5 degrees C for 216 h (9 days) but increased significantly after storage for 96 or 22 h at 20 or 30 degrees C, respectively. We recommend that tomato packinghouses maintain their dip tanks at a temperature higher than the temperature of the tomatoes and at a free chlorine concentration of 200 ppm. The temperature of tomatoes should be reduced to 10 degrees C as rapidly as possible after harvesting and should be held at 10 degrees C until they are ripened immediately before consumption. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 247 Z9 257 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2127 EP 2131 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA RA621 UT WOS:A1995RA62100009 PM 7793934 ER PT J AU BELONGIA, EA BESSERWIEK, J DEBOER, J MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT HENRY, K SIMPSON, M AF BELONGIA, EA BESSERWIEK, J DEBOER, J MACDONALD, KL OSTERHOLM, MT HENRY, K SIMPSON, M TI INCREASING INCIDENCE OF GONORRHEA - MINNESOTA, 1994 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES C1 ST PAUL PUBL HLTH,ST PAUL,MN. HENNEPIN CTY MED CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEX TRANSM DIS & HIV PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEX TRANSM DIS & HIV PREVENT,SURV & INFORM SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BELONGIA, EA (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55414, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 131 IS 6 BP 645 EP 646 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA RC497 UT WOS:A1995RC49700001 ER PT J AU MORATA, TC NYLEN, P JOHNSON, AC DUNN, DE AF MORATA, TC NYLEN, P JOHNSON, AC DUNN, DE TI AUDITORY AND VESTIBULAR FUNCTIONS AFTER SINGLE OR COMBINED EXPOSURE TO TOLUENE - A REVIEW SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE BALANCE; HEARING; ORGANIC SOLVENTS; OTOTOXICITY; TOLUENE; VESTIBULOTOXICITY ID FREQUENCY HEARING-LOSS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; COCHLEAR MECHANICS; MEMBRANE FLUIDITY; OPTIC NEUROPATHY; WEANLING RATS; BRAIN-STEM; NOISE AB Toluene is a widely used organic solvent, heavily employed in many manufacturing industries. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate on the deleterious effect of toluene exposure has on the auditory and vestibular systems. Although little published information exists regarding these effects, the reported findings indicate a need for further investigation. The results of such investigations may dramatically affect occupational hearing conservation practices and legislation. Both human and animal studies will be summarized in discussing the effects of toluene alone or in combination with noise or other chemicals. Gaps in scientific knowledge are highlighted to assist future research. C1 NATL INST OCCUPAT HLTH,DIV NEUROMED,S-17184 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. KAROLINSKA INST,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,S-17177 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP MORATA, TC (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 106 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 69 IS 7 BP 431 EP 443 DI 10.1007/s002040050196 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA RF849 UT WOS:A1995RF84900001 PM 8526738 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T BROOKS, RH CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T BROOKS, RH CALLAHAN, LF TI MODIFIED HEALTH ASSESSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE-II (MHAQ-II) - A SIMPLE 2-PAGE SELF-REPORT QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ROUTINE ASSESSMENT OF FUNCTIONAL STATUS, PAIN, FATIGUE, SATISFACTION, CHANGE, MORNING STIFFNESS, AND LEARNED HELPLESSNESS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP R26 EP R26 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RD908 UT WOS:A1995RD90800094 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF TI SELF-REPORT OF MORNING STIFFNESS IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES - SIMILARITIES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS AND FIBROMYALGIA SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 38 IS 6 SU S BP R25 EP R25 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA RD908 UT WOS:A1995RD90800084 ER EF