FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU ZEITZ, PS CHEEK, JE BUTLER, J CHILDS, J VOORHEES, R AF ZEITZ, PS CHEEK, JE BUTLER, J CHILDS, J VOORHEES, R TI METHODOLOGIC ISSUES IN ASSESSING RISK-FACTORS FOR HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME (HPS) IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM 87502. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US INDIAN HLTH SERV,TUCSON,AZ 85746. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 11 SU S BP S34 EP S34 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP863 UT WOS:A1994NP86300112 ER PT J AU HORNUNG, RW GREIFE, AL STAYNER, LT STEENLAND, NK HERRICK, RF ELLIOTT, LJ RINGENBURG, VL MORAWETZ, J AF HORNUNG, RW GREIFE, AL STAYNER, LT STEENLAND, NK HERRICK, RF ELLIOTT, LJ RINGENBURG, VL MORAWETZ, J TI STATISTICAL-MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSURE TO ETHYLENE-OXIDE IN AN OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; REGRESSION MODELS; STERILIZATION INDUSTRY WORKERS; ETO; OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY ID WORKERS AB Since direct measures of individual exposure seldom exist for the entire period of an occupational mortality study, retrospective exposure estimates are necessary. This is often done in a subjective manner involving a consensus of opinion from a panel of epidemiologists and industrial hygienists. An alternative method utilizing a statistical model provides a more objective procedure for retrospective exposure assessment. The development of a weighted multiple regression model is presented for estimation of exposure levels to ethylene oxide (ETO) for inclusion in a cohort mortality study of workers in the sterilization industry. Three steps in development of the model are described: (1) data acquisition and assessment, (2) model building, and (3) evaluation of the model. The final model explained a remarkable 85% of the variability in 205 average measurements of ETO levels. Exposure factors included in the model were exposure category, product type, size of the sterilization unit, selected engineering controls, days after sterilization, and calendar year. The model was evaluated in two ways: against a set of measurement data not used to develop the model and a panel of 11 industrial hygienists representing the sterilization industry. The model predicted ETO exposures within 1.1 ppm of the validation data set with a standard deviation of 3.7 ppm. The arithmetic and geometric means of the 46 measurements in the validation data set were 4.6 and 2.2 ppm, respectively. The model also outperformed the panel of industrial hygienists relative to the validation data in terms of both bias and precision. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 INT CHEM WORKERS UNION,CTR WORKERS HLTH & SAFETY EDUC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP HORNUNG, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-44,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 25 IS 6 BP 825 EP 836 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700250607 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NK981 UT WOS:A1994NK98100006 PM 8067360 ER PT J AU LEMEN, RA AF LEMEN, RA TI WAGONER,JOSEPH,K. DECEMBER 4, 1935 - MAY 30, 1993 - IN-MEMORIAM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Item About an Individual DE NIOSH; OSHA; OCCUPATIONAL CARCINOGENESIS; ASBESTOS; BERYLLIUM; RADON; WORKER HEALTH RP LEMEN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 25 IS 6 BP 923 EP 925 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700250614 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NK981 UT WOS:A1994NK98100013 PM 8067367 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA ARATHOON, EG SAMAYOA, B DELVALLE, GT ANDERSON, RL RIDDLE, CF OHARA, CM MILLER, JM HILL, BC HIGHSMITH, AK JARVIS, WR AF PEGUES, DA ARATHOON, EG SAMAYOA, B DELVALLE, GT ANDERSON, RL RIDDLE, CF OHARA, CM MILLER, JM HILL, BC HIGHSMITH, AK JARVIS, WR TI EPIDEMIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT IN GUATEMALA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB Background. Nosocomial bloodstream infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates. From September 1 through December 5, 1990 (epidemic period), gram-negative bacteremia developed in 26 neonates after their admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Hospital General, a 1000-bed public teaching hospital in Guatemala with a 16-bed NICU. Twenty-three of the 26 patients (88%) died. Methods: To determine risk factors for and modes of transmission of gram-negative bacteremia in the NICU, we conducted a cohort study of NICU patients who had at least one blood culture drawn at least 24 hours after admission to the NICU and performed a microbiologic investigation in the NICU. Results: The rate of gram-negative bacteremia was significantly higher among patients born at Hospital General, delivered by cesarian section, and exposed to selected intravenous medications and invasive procedures in the NICU during the 3 days before the referent blood culture was obtained. During the epidemic period, the hospital's chlorinated well-water system malfunctioned; chlorine levels were undetectable and tap water samples contained elevated microbial levels, including total and fecal coliform bacteria. Serratia marcescens was identified in 81 % of case-patient blood cultures (13/16) available for testing and from 57% of NICU personnel handwashings (4/7). Most S. marcescens blood isolates were serotype O3:H12 (46%) or O14:H12 (31 %) and were resistant to ampicillin (100%) and gentamicin (77%), the antimicrobials used routinely in the NICU. Conclusions: We hypothesize that gram-negative bacteremia occurred after invasive procedures were performed on neonates whose skin became colonized through bathing or from hands of NICU personnel. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 1994 VL 22 IS 3 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1016/0196-6553(94)90005-1 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NT349 UT WOS:A1994NT34900005 PM 7943927 ER PT J AU PAPPAS, G AF PAPPAS, G TI ELUCIDATING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RACE, SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, AND HEALTH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; DIFFERENTIALS RP PAPPAS, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 1100,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 15 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 6 BP 892 EP 893 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.6.892 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB869 UT WOS:A1994PB86900003 PM 8203680 ER PT J AU SAMELSON, EJ SPEERS, MA FERGUSON, R BENNETT, C AF SAMELSON, EJ SPEERS, MA FERGUSON, R BENNETT, C TI RACIAL-DIFFERENCES IN CERVICAL-CANCER MORTALITY IN CHICAGO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; BREAST; WOMEN; RACE AB Racial differences in cervical cancer mortality in Chicago were examined. Age-adjusted mortality in Blacks (10.0/100 000) was over twice the rate found in Whites (4.6/100 000). Age-specific rates also showed significant excess mortality among Blacks. After stratification by a group-level defined poverty indicator, the race differential in age-adjusted rates remained significant. The race differential in age-specific rates diminished in the group with more than 30% living below the national poverty level, in contrast to the group with 30% or fewer living below the national poverty level, in whom race differences were more marked. Methodological issues concerning hysterectomy prevalence, Hispanic ethnicity, and social class must be considered with respect to interpretation of these findings. C1 ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,CERV CANC DEMONSTRAT & CONTROL PROJECT,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,SCH MED,SPRINGFIELD,IL. FU PHS HHS [U50-CCU50221] NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1009 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.6.1007 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB869 UT WOS:A1994PB86900026 PM 8203665 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T CHU, SY CONTI, L NAHLEN, BL WHYTE, B MOKOTOFF, E SHIELDS, A CHECKO, PJ HERR, M MUKHTAR, Q RIETMEIJER, CA LEVY, A HERMANN, P BUEHLER, JW AF DIAZ, T CHU, SY CONTI, L NAHLEN, BL WHYTE, B MOKOTOFF, E SHIELDS, A CHECKO, PJ HERR, M MUKHTAR, Q RIETMEIJER, CA LEVY, A HERMANN, P BUEHLER, JW TI HEALTH-INSURANCE COVERAGE AMONG PERSONS WITH AIDS - RESULTS FROM A MULTISTATE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID MEDICAL-CARE; UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; MEN AB To determine factors associated with health insurance coverage among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we interviewed 1958 persons 18 years of age or older who were reported to have AIDS in 11 states and cities. Overall, 25% had no insurance, 55% had public insurance, and 20% had private insurance. Factors associated with lack of insurance varied by current employment status. Employed persons with an annual household income of less than $10 000 were 3.6 times more likely to lack insurance than employed persons with a higher income. Unemployed persons diagnosed with AIDS for less than 1 year were two times more likely to lack health insurance than unemployed persons diagnosed for a longer time. Making insurance available to persons identifred as most likely to lack insurance should improve access to care for persons with AIDS. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. DELAWARE HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,WILMINGTON,DE. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH,PHOENIX,AZ. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. NEW MEXICO HLTH DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.6.1015 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB869 UT WOS:A1994PB86900029 PM 8203668 ER PT J AU KIM, I WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T KOPLAN, JP AF KIM, I WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T KOPLAN, JP TI VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT USE AND MORTALITY - RESPOND VITAMIN SUPPLEMENT USE AND MORTALITY - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID E CONSUMPTION; DISEASE; RISK; POPULATION; CANCER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1994 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1037 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.6.1035 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB869 UT WOS:A1994PB86900039 ER PT J AU CAUTHEN, CM SNIDER, DE ONORATO, IM AF CAUTHEN, CM SNIDER, DE ONORATO, IM TI BOOSTING OF TUBERCULIN SENSITIVITY AMONG SOUTHEAST-ASIAN REFUGEES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Following an initial negative Mantoux tuberculin skin test, a second test, given as soon as 1 wk later, has been shown to elicit markedly larger reactions (boosting) in 20 to 40% of refugees tested in the United States, We conducted a study to determine the explanation for this phenomenon. Using the Mantoux method of intradermal skin testing, 2,469 refugees from Southeast Asia were initially tested with tuberculin followed by sequential retesting 7 and/or 90 d later. They were also tested initially with nontuberculous mycobacterial antigens. A high proportion (35.5%) of Southeast Asian refugees had reactions (greater than or equal to 10 mm induration) to an initial tuberculin test, and 30.9% of the nonreactors exhibited boosting on a subsequent tuberculin test. Boosting, unlike reactivity to the initial tuberculin test, was not associated with exposure to a person with tuberculosis. However, boosting was associated with reactivity to nontuberculous mycobacterial antigens and a history of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Boosting in this population is therefore attributable to environmental exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria that are endemic in Southeast Asia or to BCG vaccination, rather than to remote infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sequential tuberculin screening and preventive therapy of persons with boosted reactions is not recommended as a tuberculosis prevention strategy in this population. RP CAUTHEN, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 149 IS 6 BP 1597 EP 1600 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA NQ971 UT WOS:A1994NQ97100033 ER PT J AU WILSON, ML CHAPMAN, LE HALL, DB DYKSTRA, EA BA, K ZELLER, HG TRAORELAMIZANA, M HERVY, JP LINTHICUM, KJ PETERS, CJ AF WILSON, ML CHAPMAN, LE HALL, DB DYKSTRA, EA BA, K ZELLER, HG TRAORELAMIZANA, M HERVY, JP LINTHICUM, KJ PETERS, CJ TI RIFT-VALLEY FEVER IN RURAL NORTHERN SENEGAL - HUMAN RISK-FACTORS AND POTENTIAL VECTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; DOMESTIC-ANIMALS; SOUTH-AFRICA; HUMAN-SERA; VIRUS; KENYA; ANTIBODIES; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB To investigate past infection in and transmission of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus to humans within an endemic focus, we undertook a retrospective cohort study of the seminomadic Peul people living in sub-Saharan northcentral Senegal. Residents of the rural settlement of Yonofere five years of age or older were studied during February-May 1989. Anti-RVF virus IgG was found in blood samples of 22.3% of 273 persons who responded to a standard questionnaire; none had IgM antibodies. Seropositivity was similar for males (25.4%) and females (21.1%), increased markedly with age for both sexes, and varied considerably among compounds (groups of huts) (0-37.5%). Risk factors for past RVF virus infection were nursing sick people, assisting animals during abortions/births, and treating sick animals. In all age groups, odds ratios (ORs) for RVF viral antibody among females who reported treating sick animals were three to six times greater than for those who did not. The ORs for males who reported assisting with animal births/abortions and nursing sick people were approximately five times those for males who did not. Serologic prevalence of RVF viral antibody among sheep averaged 30.1% overall (0.8% IgM), but varied among compounds (0-66.7%) in a manner different from that of humans. The seasonal abundance and relative density of potential mosquito vectors were estimated by monthly samples captured in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-type traps. Mosquito abundance varied seasonally with rainfall (> 90% captures during four months). Species diversity was large (28 spp.), dominated by Aedes and Culex. Rift Valley fever virus was not isolated from 142 pools of 2,956 unengorged mosquitoes tested, although three other arboviruses were found. Results indicate that RVF is endemic in this region, people are at considerable risk of infection, and that a heretofore unrecognized mode of human infection under nonepizootic conditions may be transmission via contact with infected animals or humans. C1 INST PASTEUR,DAKAR,SENEGAL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ORSTOM,INST FRANCAIS RECH SCI DEV COOPERAT,DAKAR,SENEGAL. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FREDERICK,MD. NR 57 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 663 EP 675 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX126 UT WOS:A1994NX12600002 PM 7912905 ER PT J AU KAPPUS, KD LUNDGREN, RG JURANEK, DD ROBERTS, JM SPENCER, HC AF KAPPUS, KD LUNDGREN, RG JURANEK, DD ROBERTS, JM SPENCER, HC TI INTESTINAL PARASITISM IN THE UNITED-STATES - UPDATE ON A CONTINUING PROBLEM SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; AREA AB To document patterns of intestinal parasitism in the United States, we analyzed results of 216,275 stool specimens examined by the state diagnostic laboratories in 1987; parasites were found in 20.0%. Percentages were highest for protozoans: Giardia lamblia (7.2%), Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nana (4.2% each), Blastocystis hominis (2.6%), and Entamoeba histolytica (0.9%). The most commonly identified helminths were nematodes: hookworm (1.5%), Trichuris trichiura (1.2%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%). Identifications of G. lamblia increased broadly from the 4.0% average found in 1979, with 40 states reporting increases and seven reporting decreases. Seasonally, Giardia identifications increased in the summer and fall, especially in the Midwest. Nine states reported hookworms in more than 2% of specimens; none were states with indigenous transmission. We analyzed similar, but abbreviated, data for 1991; parasites were found in 19.7% of the 178,786 specimens and Giardia was found in 5.6%. States reporting percentages of Giardia identification in the highest quartile for both 1987 and 1991 were located in the Midwest or in the Northwest. Cryptosporidium was identified in both the 1987 and 1991 surveys; it had not been identified in a previous survey. For each year, Cryptosporidium was reported from 25 states across the country (for both years in 17 states). We conclude that intestinal parasitism should not be overlooked as a cause of gastrointestinal illness in the United States and that the prevalence of Giardia may be increasing. C1 RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RP KAPPUS, KD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 50 IS 6 BP 705 EP 713 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX126 UT WOS:A1994NX12600008 PM 8024063 ER PT J AU MONTECALVO, MA HOROWITZ, H GEDRIS, C CARBONARO, C TENOVER, FC ISSAH, A COOK, P WORMSER, GP AF MONTECALVO, MA HOROWITZ, H GEDRIS, C CARBONARO, C TENOVER, FC ISSAH, A COOK, P WORMSER, GP TI OUTBREAK OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT, AMPICILLIN-RESISTANT, AND AMINOGLYCOSIDE-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM BACTEREMIA IN AN ADULT ONCOLOGY UNIT SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTICS; NEUTROPENIA; GENTAMICIN; SYNERGISM AB An outbreak of bacteremia caused by Enterococcus faecium with high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC of greater than or equal to 256 mu g/ml), ampicillin (MIC of greater than or equal to 64 mu g/ml), and gentamicin or streptomycin (MIC of greater than or equal to 2,000 mu g/ml) occurred in an adult oncology unit from June 1991 to May 1992. Active surveillance for the presence of this organism in stool or perianal cultures was begun in September 1991. Between June 1991 and May 1992, seven patients with bacteremia and 22 noninfected carriers of the organism in stool were identified. The vanA gene, tested for by PCR and gene probe, was present in all isolates evaluated. All bacteremic patients also had resistant E. faecium present in a stool or perianal culture; the stool isolates tested were closely related to the respective blood isolates as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Antibiotic regimens using high-dose ampicillin and an aminoglycoside were ineffective with four patients. Five patients (71%) had multiple positive blood cultures; four of these patients died. Following a multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that bacteremic patients received a significantly greater number of total antibiotic days compared with noninfected stool carriers (P = 0.019). The emergence of E. faecium with high-level resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, and aminoglycosides underscores the importance of performing susceptibility testing on all clinically significant isolates. In the neutropenic adult oncology patient, bacteremia with this organism is of probable gastrointestinal origin, is often persistent, and is refractory to treatment with ampicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside. Prolonged use of antibiotics may predispose patients with gastrointestinal colonization to develop bacteremia. C1 WESTCHESTER CTY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV ONCOL,VALHALLA,NY 10595. WESTCHESTER CTY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,VALHALLA,NY 10595. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP MONTECALVO, MA (reprint author), WESTCHESTER CTY MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,MACY PAVIL 209SE,VALHALLA,NY 10595, USA. NR 31 TC 257 Z9 264 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1363 EP 1367 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NN770 UT WOS:A1994NN77000024 PM 8092838 ER PT J AU JORDAN, JK MARCUM, SB FRYER, JG RENNER, JB WOODARD, J COOK, HL HELMICK, C HOCHBERG, MC AF JORDAN, JK MARCUM, SB FRYER, JG RENNER, JB WOODARD, J COOK, HL HELMICK, C HOCHBERG, MC TI DEPRESSION AND DISABILITY IN OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) OF THE KNEE AND HIP SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 SU S BP R30 EP R30 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA NP830 UT WOS:A1994NP83000125 ER PT J AU SHEFF, JB FRYER, JG RENNER, JB WOODARD, J HELMICK, C HOCHBERG, MC AF SHEFF, JB FRYER, JG RENNER, JB WOODARD, J HELMICK, C HOCHBERG, MC TI HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES AND OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) OF THE KNEE AND HIP SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 37 IS 6 SU S BP R30 EP R30 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA NP830 UT WOS:A1994NP83000127 ER PT J AU UNGS, TJ AF UNGS, TJ TI CIVIL-AVIATION MORTALITY, STATE DIFFERENCES, AND THE ROLE OF MULTI-FATALITY AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Mortality due to transportation-related causes may differ by state of residence and state of occurrence. Aircraft accidents can cause multiple fatalities due to a single event. Population-based state-specific civil aviation accident mortality rates were calculated using National Center for Health Statistics data for the years 1980-89. Aircraft accident information for the same period was obtained from National Transportation Safety Board sources. The national 10-year mean mortality rate for civil aviation-related causes was 5.2 deaths/1,000,000 general population. State-specific mortality rates by state of residence varied between 2.1 and 79.9 deaths/1,000,000 general population. Rates by state of death occurrence varied between 1.5 and 98.0 deaths/1,000,000. Mortality rates, calculated by state of residence, differed from rates calculated by state of occurrence for most states. For some states the differences were considerable. Ten states experienced at least one aircraft accident between 1980 and 1989 which accounted for 20 or more fatalities. These multi-fatality events had a substantial effect on state-specific aviation-related mortality rates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 65 IS 6 BP 546 EP 550 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA NN771 UT WOS:A1994NN77100008 PM 8074629 ER PT J AU SUN, X EVATT, B GRIFFIN, JH AF SUN, X EVATT, B GRIFFIN, JH TI BLOOD-COAGULATION FACTOR VA ABNORMALITY ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C IN VENOUS THROMBOPHILIA SO BLOOD LA English DT Note ID THROMBIN-CATALYZED ACTIVATION; POOR ANTICOAGULANT RESPONSE; FAMILIAL THROMBOPHILIA; FACTOR-VIII; COFACTOR; BINDING; MECHANISM; ENZYME C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOLEC & EXPTL MED, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. Scripps Res Inst, DEPT VASC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00833]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-31950] NR 25 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 83 IS 11 BP 3120 EP 3125 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NN988 UT WOS:A1994NN98800003 PM 8193349 ER PT J AU CADROY, Y HANSON, SR KELLY, AB MARZEC, UM EVATT, BL KUNICKI, TJ MONTGOMERY, RR HARKER, LA AF CADROY, Y HANSON, SR KELLY, AB MARZEC, UM EVATT, BL KUNICKI, TJ MONTGOMERY, RR HARKER, LA TI RELATIVE ANTITHROMBOTIC EFFECTS OF MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TARGETING DIFFERENT PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN-ADHESIVE MOLECULE INTERACTIONS IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID THROMBUS FORMATION INVIVO; BERNARD-SOULIER SYNDROME; IIB-IIIA; VONWILLEBRAND-FACTOR; PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; IIB/IIIA RECEPTOR; BABOON MODEL; SUBENDOTHELIUM; IB; COMPLEX C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DIV HEMATOL & ONCOL, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. EMORY UNIV, YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR, SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. HOP PURPAN, CENT HEMATOL HEMOSTASE LAB, TOULOUSE, FRANCE. SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOLEC & EXPTL MED, LA JOLLA, CA USA. BLOOD CTR SE WISCONSIN INC, MILWAUKEE, WI 53233 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 31469, HL 31950, HL 41619] NR 29 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 83 IS 11 BP 3218 EP 3224 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NN988 UT WOS:A1994NN98800015 PM 8193356 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL DHAWAN, S LAL, RB AF DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL DHAWAN, S LAL, RB TI MODULATION OF HTLV-II-ASSOCIATED SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION BY BETA-2 INTEGRIN CD11A/CD18 INVOLVES INTERACTION WITH ITS COGNATE LIGAND, CD54 SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELL LEUKEMIA; VIRUS TYPE-I; INTERCELLULAR-ADHESION MOLECULE-1; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; I/II; MYELOPATHY; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB In vitro culture of lymphocytes from persons infected by human T-lymphocyte virus type II (HTLV-II) results in spontaneous proliferation in the absence of any exogenous stimuli. The present investigation examined the role of integrin molecules in spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP) in persons infected with HTLV-II (n = 18)and normal controls (n = 16). Phenotypic analysis of SLP cells on Day 8 demonstrated no change in the surface expression of CD24 (beta 1), CD49b,d,e, and f (alpha-chains) compared with cells from normal centrols; however, there was an increase of CD29 expression on SLP cells on Day 8 (77.2 +/- 5.1%) compared with Day 0 (53.2 +/- 3.1%; P < 0.01). Furthermore, addition of extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, laminin, or collagen (beta 1 integrin ligands) did not alter either the proliferative responses or the adhesion clusters in either groups. Analysis of beta 2 integrins on SLP cells showed not only an increased cell surface density of both CD18 and CD11a but also differential expansion of CD8+ T-cells coexpressing CD18 (54.0 +/- 10.3%), CD11a (53.7 +/- 8.1%), and S6F1, an epitope of CD11a, (65.3 +/- 7.8%) on Day 8 compared with Day 0 (20.0 +/- 2.5%, 19.3 +/- 1.9%, and 38.0 +/- 7.0%, respectively). Monoclonal antibodies to CD18 and CD11a inhibited SLP by 55 +/- 6.3% in HTLV-II-infected persons in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of SLP by anti-beta 2 antibodies was not due to negative signaling, since these antibodies did not inhibit anti-CD3-stimulated proliferation of normal lymphocytes. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies to CD54, the ligand for CD11a, inhibited the SLP in the majority of HTLV-II-infected persons studied. Taken together, these data suggest that SLP by PBL from HTLV-II-infected individuals is mediated through increased expression of beta 2 integrins that can modulate cognate receptor/ligand interactions on the cell surface of autologous proliferating cells. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. DEPT CELLULAR IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP DEZZUTTI, CS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 156 IS 1 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1006/cimm.1994.1157 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA NP117 UT WOS:A1994NP11700010 PM 7911072 ER PT J AU CUNNINGHAM, CK KAZACOS, KR MCMILLAN, JA LUCAS, JA MCAULEY, JB WOZNIAK, EJ WEINER, LB AF CUNNINGHAM, CK KAZACOS, KR MCMILLAN, JA LUCAS, JA MCAULEY, JB WOZNIAK, EJ WEINER, LB TI DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BAYLISASCARIS-PROCYONIS INFECTION IN AN INFANT WITH NONFATAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXCRETORY SECRETORY ANTIGENS; OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS; TOXOCARA-CANIS; IVERMECTIN AB Baylisascaris procyonis, the common raccoon ascarid, is known to cause life-threatening visceral, neural, and ocular larva migrans in mammals and birds. Two human fatalities have been previously described; however, little is known about the spectrum of human disease caused by B. procyonis. In this report, the case of a 13-month-old child who had nonfatal meningoencephalitis secondary to B. procyonis infection is presented. The suspected diagnosis was confirmed with use of newly developed enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot techniques. The diagnosis, management, and prevention of B. procyonis infection in humans is discussed. Clinical, serological, and epidemiological evaluations established B. procyonis as the etiologic agent. The child survived his infection but continued to have severe neurological sequelae. The potential for human contact and infection with B. procyonis is great. There is no effective therapy; therefore, prevention is paramount. C1 PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP CUNNINGHAM, CK (reprint author), SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,750 E ADAMS ST,SYRACUSE,NY 13210, USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 6 BP 868 EP 872 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NQ826 UT WOS:A1994NQ82600003 PM 8086545 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, PM SARTI, E PLANCARTE, A WILSON, M CRIALES, JL ROBERTS, J FLISSER, A AF SCHANTZ, PM SARTI, E PLANCARTE, A WILSON, M CRIALES, JL ROBERTS, J FLISSER, A TI COMMUNITY-BASED EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF CYSTICERCOSIS DUE TO TAENIA-SOLIUM - COMPARISON OF SEROLOGICAL SCREENING-TESTS AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN 2 POPULATIONS IN MEXICO SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HUMAN NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; NATURAL-HISTORY; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; VILLAGE; FLUID; ELISA AB We compared a plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an immunoblot-or enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot-assay (EITB) for the identification of cases of human neurocysticercosis due to Taenia solium and of risk factors for this disease in two Mexican villages. Findings related to age- and sex-specific seroprevalence, risk factors for transmission, and associated morbidity differed significantly according to the assay used. Rates of EITB positivity were significantly higher among persons with a history of convulsions than among those without such a history (29% vs 8%; P < .05); in contrast, ELISA results were negative for all persons with a history of convulsions. The association of seizures with neurocysticercosis in this population was strengthened by the higher rate of abnormal findings compatible with neurocysticercosis on computed tomography of the brain among individuals with a history of convulsions than among those without such a history (70% vs 14%; P < .001). In summary, EITB was more sensitive and specific than ELISA for epidemiological studies of neurocysticercosis. C1 SECRETARIA SALUD MEXICO,DIRECC GEN EPOIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. CT SCANNER MEXICO,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,FAC MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP SCHANTZ, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DPD,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-22,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 36 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 6 BP 879 EP 885 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NQ826 UT WOS:A1994NQ82600005 PM 8086547 ER PT J AU VINICOR, F AF VINICOR, F TI IS DIABETES A PUBLIC-HEALTH DISORDER SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BLOOD-GLUCOSE CONTROL; PRIMARY-PREVENTION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; RISK-FACTORS; MELLITUS; AMPUTATION AB In the U.S., certain health conditions are readily accepted as ''public-health disorders,'' and others continue to be primarily viewed as ''clinical diseases.'' Reflecting on infectious conditions, it appears that disease burden, rapid change in disease incidence (suggesting preventability), and public concern about risk are three essential characteristics that define a public-health disorder. By any one of several criteria, diabetes is associated with a very high burden to individuals with the disease, as well as to society in general. Further, there is convincing and increasing evidence that primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are effective in reducing the disease burden associated with diabetes. Yet most would still consider diabetes primarily to be a clinical disease. In part, this perception is based on the fact that, in association with aging and a possible strong family history, diabetes and its complications may appear inevitable to many. Further, much of the burden associated with diabetes is insidious, coming on gradually only after a considerable number of years. Thus, the burden associated with diabetes has not dramatically increased in the past few months or years; it has been here for some time and is increasing steadily. Finally, our understanding of public concern is only now being systematically investigated. Factors that galvanize the public to demand societal or governmental action are quite complex and very different from those elements that convince the scientist/expert to request ''public-health responses.'' Legitimate and important public-health dimensions associated with diabetes complement the critical role of clinical care. To effectively establish these public-health perspectives public concern must be incorporated into efforts to define the burden of diabetes and our extant ability to prevent and thereby reduce this burden. RP VINICOR, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV DIABET TRANSLAT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 78 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 EI 1935-5548 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 1994 VL 17 SU 1 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NP865 UT WOS:A1994NP86500005 PM 8088219 ER PT J AU HERMAN, WH DASBACH, EJ AF HERMAN, WH DASBACH, EJ TI DIABETES, HEALTH-INSURANCE, AND HEALTH-CARE REFORM SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material DE IDDM, INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS ID MEDICAL-CARE; SYSTEM; MELLITUS; ADULTS RP HERMAN, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 1994 VL 17 IS 6 BP 611 EP 613 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NN154 UT WOS:A1994NN15400017 PM 8082536 ER PT J AU EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE SAUNDERS, TM ROBINSON, AL HATCH, DL PARRISH, RG AF EBERHARTPHILLIPS, JE SAUNDERS, TM ROBINSON, AL HATCH, DL PARRISH, RG TI PROFILE OF MORTALITY FROM THE 1989 LOMA-PRIETA EARTHQUAKE USING CORONER AND MEDICAL EXAMINER REPORTS SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB Mortality patterns from earthquakes in the United States may differ from those observed in other parts of the world. We reviewed coroner and medical examiner records for all investigated deaths from seven California counties for 15 days following the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 (N = 327). Data on the circumstances surrounding death were used to classify each case as directly earthquake-related, indirectly earthquake-related, or not earthquake-related. Fifty-seven deaths were judged as directly earthquake-related. Six other deaths were indirectly related. Ten circumstances accounted for all directly earthquake-related deaths, with the collapse of an elevated freeway accounting for 40 of these deaths. Forty-six (80.8 per cent) of the 57 directly earthquake-related deaths occurred in motor vehicles on public roadways. Fifty-three (93.0 per cent) of the directly earthquake-related deaths occurred within seconds or minutes of injury. Future earthquake deaths in the United States may best be prevented by identifying and modifying seismic hazards in earthquake-prone regions, particularly transportation structures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & TOXICOL BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1994 VL 18 IS 2 BP 160 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1994.tb00298.x PG 11 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA NP448 UT WOS:A1994NP44800007 PM 8076160 ER PT J AU SCHNEIDER, F STEENLAND, K HERNANDEZ, B WILSON, B KRIEGER, R SPENCER, J MARGETICH, S AF SCHNEIDER, F STEENLAND, K HERNANDEZ, B WILSON, B KRIEGER, R SPENCER, J MARGETICH, S TI MONITORING PEACH HARVEST WORKERS EXPOSED TO AZINPHOSMETHYL RESIDUES IN SUTTER COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, 1991 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE ALKYLPHOSPHATES; AZINPHOSMETHYL; CHOLINESTERASE; EXPOSURE MONITORING ID PERCUTANEOUS PENETRATION; PESTICIDES; FIELD AB Peach harvest workers were evaluated for exposure to azinphosmethyl residues by measuring foliar residues, urinary alkylphosphate metabolites, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and dermal residues using clothing and skin washes. Workers entered orchards 51 days after application and worked in treated fields for 10 of the next 17 days. Dislodgeable foliar residues ranged from 0.82 to 1.72 mu g/cm(2) and did not change significantly over the study period. Combined mean dermal exposure for the 3 consecutive monitoring days was 32 mg and ranged from 17.9 to 60.5 mg. Overall mean excretion levels for the 5 monitoring days were 1.7 mg dimethylphosphate and 1.9 mg dimethlythiophosphate. There was no significant difference in BChE between the exposed harvesters and minimally exposed sorters. The exposed group had significantly lowe AChE values than the sorters for 2 post-exposure blood draws by three testing methods, while no significant difference was found for the pre-exposure blood draw. the AChE values for the post-exposure blood samples for the exposed workers decreased significantly about 10.20% over the 3-week exposure period but increased or remained constant for the sorters. Urinary metabolite excretion increased with continuous exposure and was inversely correlated with both AChE and BChE but was not correlated with dermal exposure measurements. High correlations were generally observed between AChE measurements taken in the field using a new spectrophotometric kit and laboratory AChE measurements. C1 NIOSH,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT AVIAN SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. JELLINEK SCHWARTZ & CONNOLLY INC,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. CALIF DEPT FOOD & AGR,CHEM LAB SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814. RP SCHNEIDER, F (reprint author), CALIF EPA,DEPT PESTICIDE REGULAT,1020 N ST,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN-JUL PY 1994 VL 102 IS 6-7 BP 580 EP 585 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PA773 UT WOS:A1994PA77300015 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JC PROCTOR, ME FESSLER, K HOPFENSPERGER, DJ SOSIN, DM DAVIS, JP AF BUTLER, JC PROCTOR, ME FESSLER, K HOPFENSPERGER, DJ SOSIN, DM DAVIS, JP TI HOUSEHOLD-ACQUISITION OF MEASLES AND ILLNESS SEVERITY IN AN URBAN-COMMUNITY IN THE UNITED-STATES SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE EXPOSURE; MORTALITY; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; CHILDREN; RISK AB Studies from developing countries suggest that persons with household-acquired (HA) measles are at greater risk of severe illness than persons with community-acquired (CA) infection. Reported measles cases occurring among Milwaukee residents from May 1989 to June 1990 were used to assess whether household-acquisition was a risk factor for severe measles in the United States. A case was classified as HA if onset of rash occurred 7-18 days after onset of rash in another case in the same household. Hospitalization rates were similar for 128 patients with HA measles (27%) and for 1004 patients with CA measles (26%). Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between hospitalization and household-acquisition after controlling for socioeconomic status, measles vaccination history, age, race, and date of onset of rash. Patients with HA measles were no more likely to be hospitalized than patients with CA measles (odds ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.6, 1.5). HA measles cases were not more severe than CA measles cases during this urban outbreak in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,ACUTE & COMMUN DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,MADISON,WI. CITY MILWAUKEE HLTH DEPT,MILWAUKEE,WI. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 112 IS 3 BP 569 EP 577 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NU193 UT WOS:A1994NU19300014 PM 8005223 ER PT J AU FUJIOKA, H MILLET, P MAENO, Y NAKAZAWA, S ITO, Y HOWARD, RJ COLLINS, WE AIKAWA, M AF FUJIOKA, H MILLET, P MAENO, Y NAKAZAWA, S ITO, Y HOWARD, RJ COLLINS, WE AIKAWA, M TI A NONHUMAN PRIMATE MODEL FOR HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA - RHESUS-MONKEYS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH PLASMODIUM FRAGILE SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLASMODIUM FRAGILE; CEREBRAL MALARIA; SEQUESTRATION; ROSETTE FORMATION; RHESUS MONKEY; PRIMATE MODEL; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PARASITIZED RED BLOOD CELL ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; CYTOADHERENCE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; THROMBOSPONDIN; SEQUESTRATION; RECEPTOR; ROSETTES; INVITRO AB We studied the brains of rhesus monkeys infected with the primate malaria parasite Plasmodium fragile, Electron microscopy showed that, in these animals, erythrocytes infected with P. fragile undergo sequestration and that parasitized red blood cells adhere to endothelial cells in the cerebral microvessels by means of knobs. Cerebral microvessels with sequestered parasitized red blood cells were shown by immunohistochemical analysis to possess the platelet glycoprotein CD36, thrombospondin, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1. The formation of rosettes also was observed in the cerebral microvessels. In a fashion similar to human cerebral malaria, P. fragile produced neurological symptoms in the animals. Thus, rhesus monkeys infected with P. fragile, like those monkeys infected with Plasmodium coatneyi, can be used as a primate model to study human cerebral malaria. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. AFFYMAX RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. RP FUJIOKA, H (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,2085 ADELBERT RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 371 EP 376 DI 10.1006/expr.1994.1040 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NT239 UT WOS:A1994NT23900004 PM 7515825 ER PT J AU MILLET, P NELSON, C GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB COLLINS, WE AF MILLET, P NELSON, C GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, JS MORRIS, CL RICHARDSON, BB COLLINS, WE TI PLASMODIUM OVALE - OBSERVATIONS ON THE PARASITE DEVELOPMENT IN SAIMIRI MONKEY HEPATOCYTES IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO IN CONTRAST WITH ITS INABILITY TO INDUCE PARASITEMIA SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLASMODIUM OVALE; SAIMIRI SCIUREUS BOLIVIENSIS; EXOERYTHROCYTIC; SUPPLEMENTED MINIMUM ESSENTIAL MEDIUM ID HEPATIC STAGES; MALARIA; INVITRO; CULTIVATION; FALCIPARUM AB Exoerythrocytic stage parasites of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale were cultured in vitro by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from Saimiri sciureus boliviensis monkeys with sporozoites. Morphology and size of the liver stages were similar to previous in vivo descriptions in humans and chimpanzees. Saimiri monkeys did not develop parasitemia after repeated inoculations with P. ovale sporozoites. However, liver-stage parasites were observed in liver biopsies performed 7 days after sporozoite inoculation. Together with observations on other parasite development, these results demonstrate that host specificity for many malaria parasites occurs at the blood-stage level. Lack of host specificity of primary malaria parasite species for the liver forms the basis for the close relationship existing between human and nonhuman primate malaria species. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ANIM RESOURCES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 78 IS 4 BP 394 EP 399 DI 10.1006/expr.1994.1043 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NT239 UT WOS:A1994NT23900007 PM 8206138 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, MA FISCHER, JG BOWMAN, BA GUNTER, EW AF JOHNSON, MA FISCHER, JG BOWMAN, BA GUNTER, EW TI IRON NUTRITURE IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE IRON DEFICIENCY; IRON OVERLOAD; CALCIUM; ASCORBIC ACID; ANEMIA; HEART DISEASE; CANCER; IMMUNITY; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE ID ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; ASCORBIC-ACID; IDIOPATHIC HEMOCHROMATOSIS; BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AB The purpose of this review is to examine current research on the iron status of the elderly and factors that influence the body burden of iron. Studies of noninstitutionalized elderly individuals report mean iron intakes that meet current Recommended Dietary Allowances for iron. Dietary practices that may decrease iron bioavailability, and hence iron stores in the body, include low intakes of ascorbic acid or high intakes of calcium, and decreased consumption of highly available iron from meat, fish, and poultry. Although not well documented, the effect of age on iron absorption and iron excretion appears to be small, and body stores of iron increase with age. It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency in elderly persons, because impaired iron status can be the result of iron deficiency or chronic disease. Further study is necessary to determine whether red blood cell ferritin and serum transferrin receptors may be useful biochemical markers to differentiate the anemia of chronic disease from iron deficiency anemia. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disease that greatly increases the body burden of iron and the risk of hepatic disease among homozygotes. Because iron deficiency or iron excess may impair health, the role of icon in diseases associated with aging such as depressed immune response, neurological dysfunction, cancer, and heart disease is discussed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP JOHNSON, MA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,DAWSON HALL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 117 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 9 BP 609 EP 621 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA NR906 UT WOS:A1994NR90600008 PM 8005389 ER PT J AU SALLIE, R CHIYENDE, J TAN, KC BRADLEY, D PORTMANN, B WILLIAMS, R MOWAT, AP MIELIVERGANI, G AF SALLIE, R CHIYENDE, J TAN, KC BRADLEY, D PORTMANN, B WILLIAMS, R MOWAT, AP MIELIVERGANI, G TI FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE RESULTING FROM COEXISTENT WILSONS-DISEASE AND HEPATITIS-E SO GUT LA English DT Note ID NON-B HEPATITIS; INDIAN CHILDHOOD CIRRHOSIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; E VIRUS; LIVER; SERUM; RNA AB Fulminant hepatic failure resulting from hepatitis E and coexistent Wilson's disease was diagnosed in a six year old girl six weeks after returning from a holiday in India. Wilson's disease was diagnosed on the basis of histological evidence of hepatocellular copper deposition, confirmed by biochemical estimation of liver copper concentration. Although severely damaged, the liver was non-cirrhotic. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) was diagnosed by nested polymerase chain reaction, the specificity of which was confirmed by direct sequencing of amplified DNA. Replication of HEV within the liver at the time of diagnosis was confirmed by selective amplification of the antigenomic strand of the virus obtained from total liver RNA. The patient had an orthotopic liver transplantation without recurrence of hepatitis and remains well at 19 months. Viral excretion, recorded by serial amplifiation of HEV RNA extracted from stool samples, persisted for 30 days after liver grafting. Severe vitiligo, present preoperatively, dramatically improved after liver grafting and institution of immunosuppressive treatment. This case suggests that viral infection may play a part in the acute decompensation seen in some cases of Wilson's disease. C1 UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL HOSP,DEPT CHILD HLTH,LONDON SE5 8RX,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL HOSP,INST LIVER STUDIES,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL HOSP,DEPT SURG,LONDON,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JUN PY 1994 VL 35 IS 6 BP 849 EP 853 DI 10.1136/gut.35.6.849 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NP470 UT WOS:A1994NP47000031 PM 8020819 ER PT J AU GOLDE, WT KAPPEL, KJ DEQUESNE, G FERON, C PLAINCHAMP, D CAPIAU, C LOBET, Y AF GOLDE, WT KAPPEL, KJ DEQUESNE, G FERON, C PLAINCHAMP, D CAPIAU, C LOBET, Y TI TICK TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TO INBRED STRAINS OF MICE INDUCES AN ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO P39 BUT NOT TO OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OSPA; TOLERANCE; INFECTION; ARTHRITIS; IMMUNITY AB Natural tick transmission of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi induces a very different serum antibody response than needle inoculation of spirochetes. We present data, obtained by using the mouse model, that show that the OspA response was barely detectable, whereas all animals developed significant anti-P39 titers after exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected ticks. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM BIOL,B-1330 RIXENSART,BELGIUM. RP GOLDE, WT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 62 IS 6 BP 2625 EP 2627 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NM782 UT WOS:A1994NM78200067 PM 8188388 ER PT J AU ROBERT, LM BELL, DM AF ROBERT, LM BELL, DM TI HIV TRANSMISSION IN THE HEALTH-CARE SETTING - RISKS TO HEALTH-CARE WORKERS AND PATIENTS SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DENTAL PROFESSIONALS; SURGICAL-PROCEDURES; SHARPS CONTAINERS; HTLV-III/LAV; HEPATITIS-B; INFECTION RP ROBERT, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 319 EP 329 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NT672 UT WOS:A1994NT67200009 PM 8089463 ER PT J AU ROBLES, RR COLON, HM DIAZ, N CANCEL, LI MACGOWAN, R COLE, GE ALLEN, DM AF ROBLES, RR COLON, HM DIAZ, N CANCEL, LI MACGOWAN, R COLE, GE ALLEN, DM TI BEHAVIORAL RISK-FACTORS AND HIV-INFECTION OF INJECTION-DRUG USERS AT DETOXIFICATION CLINICS IN PUERTO-RICO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTION; NEW-YORK-CITY; SAN-FRANCISCO; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; PREVALENCE; HISPANICS; ETHNICITY AB Background. The ethnic and geographical variations of AIDS prevalence among injection drug users (IDU) have highlighted the need to understand the role of the relevant risk factors in specific subpopulations of IDU. In this study we examine the factors related to seropositivity among IDU entering drug detoxification facilities in metropolitan San Juan, Puerto Rico. Methods. From October 1990 until August 1991, 390 IDU were interviewed. Four groups of risk factors were examined: sexual practices, drug injection behaviours, risk behaviours while in US Mainland cities, and while incarcerated. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to simultaneously assess the independent effects of the behavioural risk factors on HIV seropositivity. Results. Of the 342 IDU who were tested for HIV antibodies, 29.5% were seropositive. The behaviours found to be associated with seropositivity were: having sex with an IDU in the last 6 months; having injected drugs for over 5 years; and injecting with used needles while incarcerated. Discussion. Public health programmes will need to establish more effective collaborative links with correctional institutions in order to reduce the spread of HIV among IDU in Puerto Rico. C1 UNIV PUERTO RICO,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR EVALUAT & SOCIOMED RES,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ROBLES, RR (reprint author), PUERTO RICO DEPT ANTIADDICT SERV,RES INST,POB 21414,RIO PIEDRAS STN,RIO PIEDRAS,PR 00928, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU20-2041-07] NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 595 EP 601 DI 10.1093/ije/23.3.595 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PD338 UT WOS:A1994PD33800023 PM 7960388 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT OTHEPA, O VERNON, AA NYANDU, B MARKOWITZ, LE DEFOREST, A WILKINS, K OKWO, B AF CUTTS, FT OTHEPA, O VERNON, AA NYANDU, B MARKOWITZ, LE DEFOREST, A WILKINS, K OKWO, B TI MEASLES CONTROL IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE IMPROVED WITH HIGH COVERAGE AND USE OF MEDIUM TITER EDMONSTON-ZAGREB VACCINE AT AGE 6 MONTHS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URBAN AFRICA; IMMUNIZATION; INFANTS; SCHWARZ; SERVICES AB Background. To improve measles control in Kinshasa, Zaire, a project to increase vaccine coverage was begun in 1988, and in 1989, the city vaccination programme changed measles vaccination policy from Schwartz vaccine at age 9 months to medium titre Edmonston Zagreb (EZ) vaccine at age 6 months. We report the impact of the programme on measles incidence and mortality. Methods. Data on vaccine coverage were obtained from cluster sample surveys conducted every 1-2 years and from routine reports of vaccine doses administered. Data on measles incidence and mortality were obtained from sentinel surveillance sites. The serological response to EZ measles vaccine was evaluated at a health centre in 1989 and in a community survey in 1990. Results. Measles vaccine coverage estimated in cluster surveys increased from 50% of the 1984 birth cohort to 89% of the 1989 birth cohort, accepting either a home-based record or a verbal history of vaccination. Reported measles incidence per 100 000 population decreased by over 90%, from 37.5 in 1980 (early vaccination years) to 1.6 in 1991. There was a relative decrease in the proportion of cases aged <9 months (32% of cases in 1986-1987 and 23% of cases in 1990-1991) and an increase in the proportion aged >23 months (29% of cases in 1986-1987 and 43% in 1990-1991). According to ELISA assays, 74-76% of children seroresponded to EZ vaccine administered at age 6-7 months under routine programme conditions. Conclusions. Measles can be controlled in urban areas, although it is difficult to determine how great a contribution vaccination at age 6 months makes over and above the achievement of high coverage. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,VIRUS LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. RP CUTTS, FT (reprint author), UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL UNIT,KEPPEL ST,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 624 EP 631 DI 10.1093/ije/23.3.624 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PD338 UT WOS:A1994PD33800027 PM 7960392 ER PT J AU DEITCHMAN, S AF DEITCHMAN, S TI OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; WORKERS; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; MORTALITY RP DEITCHMAN, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 21 BP 1691 EP 1692 DI 10.1001/jama.271.21.1691 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN117 UT WOS:A1994NN11700034 PM 8182855 ER PT J AU MCNUTT, LA COLES, FB MCAULIFFE, T BAIRD, S MORSE, DL STROGATZ, DS BARON, RC EADIE, JL AF MCNUTT, LA COLES, FB MCAULIFFE, T BAIRD, S MORSE, DL STROGATZ, DS BARON, RC EADIE, JL TI IMPACT OF REGULATION ON BENZODIAZEPINE PRESCRIBING TO A LOW-INCOME ELDERLY POPULATION, NEW-YORK-STATE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BENZODIAZEPINES; ELDERLY; NEW YORK; PRESCRIBING PRACTICES; REGULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID ANTI-ANXIETY AGENTS; LONG-TERM USE; GENERAL-POPULATION; DRUG-THERAPY; PREVALENCE; INSOMNIA; COMMUNITY AB On 1 January 1989, in an effort to reduce diversion of benzodiazepines for illicit use and reduce inappropriate prescribing, a regulation was implemented requiring the reporting of all benzodiazepine prescriptions to the New York State Department of Health. To assess the impact of the regulation on prescribing practices to the elderly, we followed the number of benzodiazepines and other central nervous system medications prescribed to a cohort of participants in an elderly pharmaceutical insurance program. Benzodiazepines were prescribed for 4652 (22%) of the 20,944 patients studied. By the last quarter of 1989, benzodiazepines were prescribed for 3120 (15%) patients, a decrease of 33%. The number of prescriptions of benzodiazepines decreased by 5010 (45%), from 11,123 to 6113. Decreases in the number of prescriptions were similar across benzodiazepine brands (range 40-56%). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) decreases were seen in all sex, age, race and marital status groups. Increases in number (and percent increases) of prescriptions for miscellaneous anxiolytics (i.e. hydroxyzine (399, 69%), meprobamate (299, 149%), buspirone (263, 111%), chloral hydrate (138, 265%), antidepressants (658, 19%), barbiturates (150, 29%), and tranquilizers (198, 19%), some of which may be more toxic or less effective, were noted. New York State's reporting regulation was effective in reducing both the number of patients being prescribed benzodiazepines and the number of prescriptions given to those who remain on benzodiazepines in the elderly population studies. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12237. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ELDERLY PHARMACEUT INSURANCE COVERAGE PROGRAM,ALBANY,NY. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV PUBL HLTH PROTECT,ALBANY,NY 12201. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 47 IS 6 BP 613 EP 625 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90209-7 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ272 UT WOS:A1994NQ27200006 PM 7722574 ER PT J AU GHEESLING, LL CARLONE, GM PAIS, LB HOLDER, PF MASLANKA, SE PLIKAYTIS, BD ACHTMAN, M DENSEN, P FRASCH, CE KAYHTY, K MAYS, JP NENCIONI, L PEETERS, C PHIPPS, DC POOLMAN, JT ROSENQVIST, E SIBER, GR THIESEN, B TAI, J THOMPSON, CM VELLA, PP WENGER, JD AF GHEESLING, LL CARLONE, GM PAIS, LB HOLDER, PF MASLANKA, SE PLIKAYTIS, BD ACHTMAN, M DENSEN, P FRASCH, CE KAYHTY, K MAYS, JP NENCIONI, L PEETERS, C PHIPPS, DC POOLMAN, JT ROSENQVIST, E SIBER, GR THIESEN, B TAI, J THOMPSON, CM VELLA, PP WENGER, JD TI MULTICENTER COMPARISON OF NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS SEROGROUP-C ANTI-CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIBODY-LEVELS MEASURED BY A STANDARDIZED ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; RADIOANTIGEN BINDING ASSAY; GROUP-A; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; ELISA; VACCINES; CHILDREN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNIZATION; QUANTITATION AB A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used by 11 laboratories to measure levels of total serum antibody to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C capsular polysaccharide in 16 unpaired pre- and postvaccination serum samples. Twelve serum samples were from adults, and four were from children aged 2, 3, 5, and 9. The between-laboratory coefficient of variation for pre- and postvaccination sera ranged from 16 to 59% and 11 to 21%, respectively. The average percent difference (absolute value) from the between laboratory means for all prevaccination sera measured by each laboratory was 24%, whereas the average percent difference was 13% for all postvaccination sera. A postvaccination quality control serum was diluted three times to give optical densities on the high, middle, and low portions of the standard reference curve. The three dilutions were assayed by the II laboratories a total of 241 times and yielded an overall coefficient of variation of 20%. Antibody-binding inhibition curves showed that the standardized ELISA was specific for N. meningitidis serogroup C capsular polysaccharide antibody. Fifty percent inhibition of seven serum samples was obtained after reaction with an average concentration of 0.9 mu g of meningococcal serogroup C polysaccharide per mi; an average of 93% inhibition was obtained with 50 pg of polysaccharide per mt The acceptance and use of this standardized ELISA will reduce between-laboratory assay variability and ensure a more accurate and reproducible assessment of immunogenicity for vaccines under development. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAX PLANCK INST MOLEC GENET,W-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,HELSINKI,FINLAND. CONNAUGHT LABS INC,SWIFTWATER,PA 18370. BIOCINE SCLAVO SPA,SIENA,ITALY. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. LEDERLE PRAXIS BIOL INC,W HENRIETTA,NY 14586. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,OSLO,NORWAY. DANA FARBER CANC INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. AMERICAN VACCINE CORP,AMVAX,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. MERCK SHARP & DOHME LTD,RES LABS,W POINT,PA 19484. NR 32 TC 138 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1475 EP 1482 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800011 PM 8077392 ER PT J AU LARSON, AM DOUGHERTY, MJ NOWOWIEJSKI, DJ WELCH, DF MATAR, GM SWAMINATHAN, B COYLE, MB AF LARSON, AM DOUGHERTY, MJ NOWOWIEJSKI, DJ WELCH, DF MATAR, GM SWAMINATHAN, B COYLE, MB TI DETECTION OF BARTONELLA (ROCHALIMAEA) QUINTANA BY ROUTINE ACRIDINE-ORANGE STAINING OF BROTH BLOOD CULTURES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; HENSELAE SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; GRAM STAINS; PATIENT; MICROORGANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOCARDITIS; BACTEREMIA AB Bartonella quintana was isolated from 34 BACTEC nonradiometric aerobic resin blood cultures for 10 adults. Nine patients were initially diagnosed by routine acridine orange staining of routine cultures that had been incubated for 8 days. All subcultures grew on chocolate agar within 3 to 12 days (median, 6 days). The PLUS 26 high-volume aerobic resin medium, combined with acridine orange stain and subculture, is an effective system for detection and isolation of B. quintana from blood. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR ZA52,DEPT LAB MED,SEATTLE,WA 98104. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. UNIV OKLAHOMA,HLTH SCI CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL LABS,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1492 EP 1496 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800014 PM 7521357 ER PT J AU GRUNER, E STEIGERWALT, AG HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS WEAVER, RE MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, M BROWN, JM BRENNER, DJ AF GRUNER, E STEIGERWALT, AG HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS WEAVER, RE MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, M BROWN, JM BRENNER, DJ TI HUMAN INFECTIONS CAUSED BY BREVIBACTERIUM-CASEI, FORMERLY CDC GROUPS B-1 AND B-3 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; CORYNEFORM BACTERIA; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; EPIDERMIDIS AB Forty-one clinical strains of CDC coryneform groups B-1 and B-3 were compared biochemically, by analysis of cell wall sugars, amino acids, and cellular fatty acids, and by DNA relatedness to the type strains of Brevibacterium casei, Brevibacterium epidermidis, and Brevibacterium linens. Twenty-two strains were shown to be B. casei, while five other strains formed a phenotypically inseparable genomospecies in the same genus. The remaining isolates were genetically heterogeneous, and most are probably members of the genus Brevibacterium. They were not further identified, but they were biochemically distinguishable from B. casei. Eleven of the clinical strains of B. casei were isolated from blood, and two each were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and from pleural fluid. At least five isolates were fi om multiple blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. To our knowledge, these strains are the first described clinical isolates identified as B. casei, which was previously considered to be a nonpathogenic species. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GRUNER, E (reprint author), UNIV ZURICH,INST MED MICROBIOL,GLORIASTR 32,CH-8028 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1511 EP 1518 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800018 PM 8077397 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BB MARDEN, JL CRAWFORD, JT WOODLEY, CL BUTLER, WR SHINNICK, TM AF PLIKAYTIS, BB MARDEN, JL CRAWFORD, JT WOODLEY, CL BUTLER, WR SHINNICK, TM TI MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY SPECIFIC FOR THE MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STRAIN-W OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In 1991, a multidrug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from eight people with tuberculosis at a state correctional facility in New York. This strain, which is designated strain W (IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism type 212072), was resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, kanamycin, ethionamide, and rifabutin. Since that outbreak, the W strain has been associated with outbreaks in five hospitals in the New York City area and is a continuing public health problem in the area. To be able to identify this strain rapidly, we developed a multiplex PCR assay which targets a direct repeat of IS6110 with a 556-bp intervening sequence (NTF-1). The amplification generates two amplicons from strain W, which indicate the presence and orientation of the NTF-1 sequence between the direct repeat of IS6110, and a third amplicon, which serves as an internal PCR control. The assay was evaluated with 193 isolates of M. tuberculosis, and all 48 strain W isolates among those 193 isolates were correctly identified. RP PLIKAYTIS, BB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EBMDB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1542 EP 1546 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800023 PM 7915723 ER PT J AU CASSIDAY, PK SANDEN, GN KANE, CT MBOUP, S BARBAREE, JM AF CASSIDAY, PK SANDEN, GN KANE, CT MBOUP, S BARBAREE, JM TI VIABILITY OF BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS IN 4 SUSPENDING SOLUTIONS AT 3 TEMPERATURES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS; CULTURE; SWABS AB We studied the survival of Bordetella pertussis in four suspending solutions (Casamino Acids broth, deionized water, phosphate-buffered saline, and serum inositol), subjected to three storage temperatures (4, -20, and -70 degrees C) and two freezing methods (direct freezing and fast-freezing in an ethanol-dry-ice bath). Recovery rates were higher for longer periods for suspensions stored at -70 degrees C than those stored at -20 or 4 degrees C. Serum inositol showed the highest recovery rates for all experimental conditions, followed by Casamino Acids, deionized water, and phosphate-buffered saline. Cell viability was significantly reduced in phosphate-buffered saline suspensions fast-frozen before storage. These results identify optimal conditions for storing B. pertussis cells and are applicable to the collection, transport, and storage of aspirated nasopharyngeal samples for use in the laboratory diagnosis of pertussis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LE DANTEC HOSP,DAKAR,SENEGAL. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1550 EP 1553 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800025 PM 8077402 ER PT J AU UHAA, IJ FISHBEIN, DB OLSON, JG RIVES, CC WAAG, DM WILLIAMS, JC AF UHAA, IJ FISHBEIN, DB OLSON, JG RIVES, CC WAAG, DM WILLIAMS, JC TI EVALUATION OF SPECIFICITY OF INDIRECT ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN Q-FEVER SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; INDIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; COXIELLA-BURNETII; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHASE-I; IMMUNOGLOBULIN RESPONSES; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES AB Ninety-five acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens from 48 patients suspected of having rickettsial or Legionella infections were assayed for antibodies to Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever. To evaluate the specificity of the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human Q fever, we compared the ELISA results with those of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test. The ELISA data were analyzed by two different criteria for a positive test. The first criterion for positive results by ELISA was based upon diagnostic titers established in a study of 150 subjects who had no demonstrable cellular or humoral immune responses to C. burnetii phase I or phase II whole cells or phase I lipopolysaccharide. The second criterion was based upon diagnostic antibody titers in a study of 51 subjects who had been diagnosed as having clinical Q fever and had fourfold or greater rises in humoral immune responses to C. burnetii phase I and phase II whole-cell antigens. A comparison of the ELISA and IFA test results of the 95 serum specimens indicated excellent agreement between the tests (Kappa = 92.9%; P < 0.05). None of the 38 patients whose etiologies were confirmed serologically as Legionnaires' disease or rickettsial diseases other than Q fever were classified as positive for C. burnetii by the ELISA. Only one patient identified by the IFA test as having Q fever was not scored positive by the ELISA. These results suggest that the ELISA is useful for epidemiologic screening and as a diagnostic test for human Q fever. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL,PATHOGENESIS & IMMUNOL BRANCH,FREDERICK,MD 21702. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VACCINE & RELATED PROD APPLICAT,OFF VACCINE RES & REVIEW,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1560 EP 1565 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800027 PM 8077404 ER PT J AU KILLGORE, GE KATO, H AF KILLGORE, GE KATO, H TI USE OF ARBITRARY PRIMER PCR TO TYPE CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE AND COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH THOSE BY IMMUNOBLOT TYPING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; DIARRHEA AB An arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) assay was used to type Clostridium difficile isolates from a hospital outbreak of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Forty-one isolates were separated into nine groups, with 66% falling into one group; no other group contained more than 10%. Comparison of AP-PCR grouping with that when the immunoblot technique was used showed agreement for 33 of 34 isolates typed by both techniques, and AP-PCR grouped seven isolates that were not typeable by immunoblotting. C1 GIFU UNIV,SCH MED,INST ANAEROB BACTERIOL,GIFU 500,JAPAN. RP KILLGORE, GE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS G08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1591 EP 1593 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800035 PM 7741841 ER PT J AU EIDEN, JJ MOUZINHO, A LINSAY, DA GLASS, RI FANG, ZY TAYLOR, JL AF EIDEN, JJ MOUZINHO, A LINSAY, DA GLASS, RI FANG, ZY TAYLOR, JL TI SERUM ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO RECOMBINANT MAJOR INNER CAPSID PROTEIN FOLLOWING HUMAN INFECTION WITH GROUP-B ROTAVIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ADULT DIARRHEA ROTAVIRUS; IDIR STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; EPIDEMIC; AGENT; CHINA AB 2Recombinant major inner capsid protein (VP6) of the IDIR strain of group B rotavirus (GBR) was incorporated in a solid-phase immunoassay to access antibody response to infection in humans. Expression of VP6 in insect cells permitted design of a highly sensitive assay that avoided the contaminants present in GBR antigens obtained from fecal specimens. Among patients infected with the ADRV strain of GBR in China, increased reactivity with recombinant VP6 was observed in convalescent-phase sera in comparison with sera obtained shortly after infection (P = 0.0084). Anti-VP6 antibodies were detectable as soon as 7 days after onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, and serum reactivity persisted in specimens drawn more than 1 year after infection. Solid-phase immunoassay with recombinant VP6 was next employed in order to assess anti-GBR antibody in 513 serum specimens obtained from 423 Maryland residents (ages, 7 months to 96 years; median age, 42 years). Four individuals (<1%) exhibited serum antibodies directed against the recombinant VP6 (ages, 54 to 95 years; mean age, 77 years). Examination of 129 additional serum specimens including some from other geographic regions of the United States failed to reveal the presence of anti-GBR antibody. Anti-GBR antibody was also wt detected in any of 131 serum specimens from 60 staff and residents of a nursing home in Switzerland. White infection of humans with GBR has been uncommon in these locations outside of China, the detection of serum antibodies in older individuals in the United States either indicated an unknown 21, age-related risk factor or may have indicated infection in the more distant past. The availability of these reagents should allow surveys for GBR infection among additional populations that have not previously been investigated. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHINESE ACAD PREVENT MED,INST VIROL,BEIJING 100052,PEOPLES R CHINA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R29 AI24922] NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1599 EP 1603 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800038 PM 8077413 ER PT J AU PLOUFFE, JF MOORE, SK DAVIS, R FACKLAM, RR AF PLOUFFE, JF MOORE, SK DAVIS, R FACKLAM, RR TI SEROTYPES OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE BLOOD CULTURE ISOLATES FROM ADULTS IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, OHIO SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY AB Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cultures of blood from 258 adults seen in 10 Franklin County, Ohio, hospitals from 1991 and 1992 were serotyped. Most strains (230 [89.2%]) belonged to serotypes that are included in the current pneumococcal vaccine. An additional 16 isolates (6.2%) were immunologically related to strains with serotypes that are included in the vaccine. Only 12 isolates (4.6%) were not covered by the vaccine. The rate of mortality from pneumococcal bacteremia in adults remains high (20%). While recent studies have documented the efficacy of the pneumococcal vaccine for preventing pneumococcal bacteremia (56 to 70%), use of the pneumococcal vaccine in susceptible patients by physicians remains low (19% in Franklin County). Additional efforts need to be expended to increase the use of the pneumococcal vaccine. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PLOUFFE, JF (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,N-1135 DOAN HALL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1606 EP 1607 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NL918 UT WOS:A1994NL91800040 PM 8077415 ER PT J AU SPATZ, SJ ROTA, PA MAES, RK AF SPATZ, SJ ROTA, PA MAES, RK TI IDENTIFICATION OF THE FELINE HERPESVIRUS TYPE-1 (FHV-1) GENES ENCODING GLYCOPROTEIN-G, GLYCOPROTEIN-D, GLYCOPROTEIN-I AND GLYCOPROTEIN-E - EXPRESSION OF FHV-1 GLYCOPROTEIN-D IN VACCINIA AND RACCOON POXVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; SHORT UNIQUE REGION; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MICE; RECOMBINANTS AB The genome of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), the major cause of viral upper respiratory disease in cats, contains several genes encoding homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoproteins. Restriction mapping studies have indicated that the group D genome of FHV-1 contains a unique short region that is 9.0 kb long. The nucleotide sequence of a 6.2 kb portion of this region was determined. Analyses of this sequence have identified five open reading frames capable of encoding homologues to HSV-1 protein kinase and glycoproteins gG, gD, gI and gE. Since go of FHV-1 is most likely an immunologically important polypeptide, vaccinia and raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing this glycoprotein were generated. In an indirect fluorescent antibody test these recombinants reacted strongly with a rabbit anti-FHV-1 serum. High titres of virus-neutralizing antibodies were also generated in rabbits inoculated with the vaccinia virus recombinant. A 53K viral polypeptide (gD) was detected with this antiserum on Western blots containing polypeptides from potassium tartrate-purified virions. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,ANIM HLTH DIAGNOST LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 75 BP 1235 EP 1244 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-6-1235 PN 6 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA NQ490 UT WOS:A1994NQ49000004 PM 8207390 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE LAMONTAGNE, JR AF SNIDER, DE LAMONTAGNE, JR TI THE NEGLECTED GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS PROBLEM - A REPORT OF THE 1992 WORLD CONGRESS ON TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COUNTRIES AB Tuberculosis is the single leading cause of death from any single infectious agent. A world congress on tuberculosis was held to highlight the problem and to discuss recent scientific advances and global strategies for prevention and control. About one-third of the world population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Over 8 million new cases and nearly 3 million deaths occur each year. The situation is deteriorating due, in part, to the human immunodeficiency virus pandemic and shifts in the age distribution of the population. Resistance to antituberculosis drugs has also emerged as an important obstacle to control. Tuberculosis control programs in many developing and some industrialized countries have inadequate resources to combat the problem. Despite these trends, successful strategies and programs have been developed that, if implemented, would likely significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, recent research findings suggest that technologic advances will soon lead to improved methods for prevention and control. C1 NIH,DIV MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD. RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,MS E-07,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 169 IS 6 BP 1189 EP 1196 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NX991 UT WOS:A1994NX99100001 PM 7910834 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE KSIAZEK, TG SPIROPOULOU, CF KREBS, JW MORZUNOV, S MAUPIN, GO GAGE, KL ROLLIN, PE SARISKY, J ENSCORE, RE FREY, JK PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF CHILDS, JE KSIAZEK, TG SPIROPOULOU, CF KREBS, JW MORZUNOV, S MAUPIN, GO GAGE, KL ROLLIN, PE SARISKY, J ENSCORE, RE FREY, JK PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI SEROLOGIC AND GENETIC IDENTIFICATION OF PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS AS THE PRIMARY RODENT RESERVOIR FOR A NEW HANTAVIRUS IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; NEPHROPATHIA EPIDEMICA; RAT-POPULATIONS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; HANTAAN VIRUS; INFECTION AB An outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States was etiologically linked to a newly recognized hantavirus. Knowledge that hantaviruses are maintained in rodent reservoirs stimulated a field and laboratory investigation of 1696 small mammals of 31 species. The most commonly captured rodent, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), had the highest antibody prevalence (30%) to four hantavirus antigens. Antibody also was detected in 10 other species of rodent and in 1 species of rabbit. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of hantavirus from rodent tissues were indistinguishable from those from human HPS patients. More than 96% of the seropositive P. maniculatus were positive by RT-PCR, suggesting chronic infection. Antibody prevalences were similar among P. maniculatus trapped from Arizona (33%), New Mexico (29%), and Colorado (29%). The numeric dominance of P. maniculatus, the high prevalence of antibody, and the RT-PCR findings implicate this species as the primary rodent reservoir for a new hantavirus in the southwestern United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL ECOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO. UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT BIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NAVAJO AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,OFF ENVIRONM HLTH & ENGN,WINDOW ROCK,AR. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCHES,ATLANTA,GA. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; Frey, Jennifer/F-8945-2011 OI Frey, Jennifer/0000-0002-0122-2567 NR 34 TC 382 Z9 393 U1 0 U2 16 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 169 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1280 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NX991 UT WOS:A1994NX99100012 PM 8195603 ER PT J AU MUJICA, OJ QUICK, RE PALACIOS, AM BEINGOLEA, L VARGAS, R MORENO, D BARRETT, TJ BEAN, NH SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV AF MUJICA, OJ QUICK, RE PALACIOS, AM BEINGOLEA, L VARGAS, R MORENO, D BARRETT, TJ BEAN, NH SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN THE AMAZON - THE ROLE OF PRODUCE IN DISEASE RISK AND PREVENTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID PERU AB Epidemic cholera struck Peru in January 1991 and spread within a month to the Amazon headwaters. A case-control study was done in the Amazonian city of Iquitos, Peru. Cholera-like illness was associated with eating unwashed fruits and vegetables (odds ratio [OR] = 8.0; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 2.2, 28.9) and drinking untreated water (OR = 2.9; 95% CL = 1.3, 6.4). Consumption of a drink made from toronja, a citrus fruit, was protective against illness (OR = 0.4; 95% CL = 0.2, 0.7). Illness was inversely associated with the quantity of toronja drink consumed (P < .01). Produce has not previously been convincingly documented as a risk factor for cholera; this study underscores the importance of washing produce before eating it. Acidic juices, such as toronja drink (pH 4.1), inhibit vibrio growth and may make contaminated water safer. Wild citrus fruits such as toronja are abundant, cheap, and popular in the Amazon region. Promoting the consumption of toronja drink may be a useful cholera prevention strategy in this region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST SALUD,PROGRAMA EPIDEMIOL CAMPO,LIMA,PERU. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 169 IS 6 BP 1381 EP 1384 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NX991 UT WOS:A1994NX99100033 PM 8195622 ER PT J AU XU, YL SWERLICK, RA SEPP, N BOSSE, D ADES, EW LAWLEY, TJ AF XU, YL SWERLICK, RA SEPP, N BOSSE, D ADES, EW LAWLEY, TJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF EXPRESSION AND MODULATION OF CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES ON AN IMMORTALIZED HUMAN DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE (HMEC-1) SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CELL ADHESION MOLECULES; INTEGRINS; HUMAN DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL LINE ID CAPILLARY; INVITRO AB We have recently reported the creation of the first immortalized cell line derived from human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). In preliminary studies this line was found to closely resemble microvascular endothelial cells in regard to many phenotypic characteristics. Because two key functional features of endothelial cells are their ability to bind to peripheral blood leukocytes and extracellular matrix proteins via cell adhesion molecules, we have now characterized HMEC-1 in terms of expression and regulation of cell adhesion molecules of the integrin, immunoglobulin gene superfamily, and selectin families. HMEC-1 can either constitutively express or can be induced to express key integrins, including alpha-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -V, as well asp-1, -3, -4, and -5. They also express or are capable of expressing immunoglobulin gene superfamily molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and a member of the selectin family, E-selectin. A number of important cell adhesion molecules that are either constitutively expressed or that must be induced are regulated in a time- and dose-dependent fashion by selected cytokines. Experiments comparing the phenotypic characteristics of HMEC-1 with human derma microvascular endothelial cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells reveal HMEC-1 to have features of both small- and large-vessel endothelial cells. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR39632, R01 AR41536] NR 23 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 102 IS 6 BP 833 EP 837 DI 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12382086 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA NT864 UT WOS:A1994NT86400004 PM 7516395 ER PT J AU MCNABB, SJN RATARD, RC HORAN, JM FARLEY, TA AF MCNABB, SJN RATARD, RC HORAN, JM FARLEY, TA TI INJURIES TO INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM DRILLING WORKERS, 1988 TO 1990 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BACK INJURIES; HEAVY INDUSTRY AB Nonfatal work-related injury (NFI) rates are 49% higher among oil and gas field workers than among workers in all US industries combined, and these injuries are more severe (the rate of lost workdays in the oil and gas field services industry is 2.8 times that of all US industries combined). We analyzed the 1988 to 1990 incident reports submitted by drilling companies to the International Association of Drilling Contractors, an industry-wide international trade association representing 95% of the world's oil and gas drilling companies. We determined geographic and occupation-specific incidence rates by full-time equivalents, calculated per job category and year. Of the 5,251 reports, 5,218 (99.4%) were of NFI and 33 (0.6%) of fatal work-related injuries (FI). The overall NFI rate was 1.2/100 full-time equivalents and the overall FI rate was 7.5/100,000 full-time equivalents. Reported NFI in US territory was 4 times more common than in non-US territory. Reported FI in US and non-US waters were 4 and 5 times more common than on land, respectively. Three job categories-floormen, roustabouts, and derrick-men-accounted for 74% of the NFI and 64% of FI, with a rate ratio, compared with rates for all other occupations, of 10.5, 8.5, and 7.0 for NFI and 5.0, 9.4, and 4.0 for FI. Among all occupations, the body part most frequently injured was the upper extremity (1,631/5,218 [31%]). The four key NFI types and circumstances identified included the upper extremities ''caught in'' (857/5,218 [16%]), the back ''strained'' (592/5,218 [11%]), the lower extremities ''struck by'' (538/5,218 [10%]), and the lower extremities injured while ''slipping'' (402/5,218 [8%]). Results of these analyses revealed several high-risk occupations in this industry and identified high-risk activities that can be targeted for further study. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEMOPHILIA & HEMATOL DISORDERS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 36 IS 6 BP 627 EP 630 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PK090 UT WOS:A1994PK09000009 PM 8071724 ER PT J AU MILLET, P ANDERSON, P COLLINS, WE AF MILLET, P ANDERSON, P COLLINS, WE TI IN-VITRO CULTIVATION OF EXOERYTHROCYTIC STAGES OF THE SIMIAN MALARIA PARASITES PLASMODIUM-FIELDI AND PLASMODIUM-SIMIOVALE IN RHESUS-MONKEY HEPATOCYTES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERYTHROCYTIC SCHIZONTS; HEPATIC STAGES; INVITRO; VIVAX AB Exoerythrocytic stage parasites of Plasmodium fieldi and Plasmodium simiovale, 2 simian malaria parasites related to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale, were cultured in vitro by inoculating primary cultures of hepatocytes from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with sporozoites. Less than 1% of sporozoites developed into schizonts for either species. Structure and size of the liver stages in both species were similar to previous in vivo descriptions, and the time required for in vitro maturation correlated well with the prepatent periods described for each species. Such monkey models could be very useful in conducting scientific investigations on the pre-erythrocytic stages of P. ovale-like malaria parasites. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 80 IS 3 BP 384 EP 388 DI 10.2307/3283408 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NQ742 UT WOS:A1994NQ74200007 PM 8195940 ER PT J AU STERRITT, GR FREW, RA ROZIER, RG AF STERRITT, GR FREW, RA ROZIER, RG TI EVALUATION OF GUAMANIAN DENTAL-CARIES PREVENTIVE PROGRAMS AFTER 13 YEARS SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE CLINIC-BASED SEALANT PROGRAM; PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS; SCHOOL-BASED FLUORIDE MOUTHRINSE; COMMUNITY WATER FLUORIDATION; FLUORIDE-DEFICIENT ISLAND ID CLINICAL-PROGRESS; UNSEALED CARIES; FLUORIDE; SEALANTS; COMMUNITY AB Objective: To address the high prevalence of dental caries in Guamanian children, a school-based fluoride mouthrinse program, a clinic-based pit and fissure sealant program, and community water fluoridation were phased in over a 13-year period. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of these programs on the prevalence of dental caries. Methods: Cross-sectional samples representative of schoolchildren in grades 1 through 8 were selected in 1976, 1979, 1984, 1986, and 1989. These years include the starting years for each of the three interventions and varying follow-up periods for each. About 1,000 children in each of the survey years were examined to derive DMF surface scores. Results: After eight years of fluoride mouthrinsing, DMFS scores were reduced by 25.4 percent in 6-14-year-olds. With two additional years of fluoride mouthrinsing and with pit and fissure sealants, overall DMFS scores declined an additional 44.4 percent. In 1989, three years after community water fluoridation was initiated on the island and continuation of the other two programs, there was a further decline in overall DMFS scores of 34.5 percent. Over the entire study period-during which there were 13 years of fluoride mouthrinsing in the schools, five years of sealant application, and three years of community water fluoridation-DMFS scores declined 72.8 percent overall (5-14 surfaces per child) and 71.9, 71.0, and 78.8 percent for occlusal, buccal-lingual, and proximal surfaces, respectively. Conclusions: An intensified preventive dentistry program introduced on an island with high caries prevalence twice that of the US mainland was successful, and contributed to a reduction in the prevalence of caries to a level equivalent to that of the United States at the end of the study period. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI RICHMOND PA J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT 10619 JOUSTING LANE, RICHMOND, VA 23235 SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 54 IS 3 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1994.tb01207.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA PB449 UT WOS:A1994PB44900005 PM 7932351 ER PT J AU MCCAIG, LF GRAITCER, PL AF MCCAIG, LF GRAITCER, PL TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURY-RELATED VISITS TO OFFICE-BASED PHYSICIANS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) is a sample survey of office-based physicians in the United States conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The 1991 sample included 2,540 physicians; 34,183 Patient Record forms were completed. In 1991, there were over 66 million injury-related visits to office-based physicians representing 10% of total visits; this estimate was similar to other sources of data. Injury patients seen in physicians' offices were more likely to be young or middle-aged adults, white, and male. Back symptoms was the most commonly mentioned reason for visit and back sprains was the most frequently recorded diagnosis. The cost of injury-related visits to office-based physicians was estimated to be over $3.5 billion. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. RP MCCAIG, LF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH CARE STAT,AMBULATORY CARE STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD SUM PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1016/0022-4375(94)90019-1 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA PL523 UT WOS:A1994PL52300002 ER PT J AU VANHANDEL, E EDMAN, JD DAY, JF SCOTT, TW CLARK, GG REITER, P LYNN, HC AF VANHANDEL, E EDMAN, JD DAY, JF SCOTT, TW CLARK, GG REITER, P LYNN, HC TI PLANT-SUGAR, GLYCOGEN, AND LIPID ASSAY OF AEDES-AEGYPTI COLLECTED IN URBAN PUERTO-RICO AND RURAL FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RAPID-DETERMINATION; MOSQUITOS; DIPTERA; NECTAR; CULICIDAE; THAILAND; VILLAGE AB Between 50 and 75% of male and female Aedes aegypti collected at a rural tire dump near Vero Beach, FL, in March 1992, and males collected inside inhabited houses in San Juan, PR, in October 1991 and January 1992, were fructose positive. In contrast, only 5 of 231 females in the San Juan collections contained fructose. Gravid females in January 1992 contained 3 times more lipid than those in October 1991. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DVBID,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN LABS,SAN JUAN,PR 00921. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMHERST,MA 01002. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ENTOMOL,COLL PK,MD 20742. RP VANHANDEL, E (reprint author), FLORIDA MED ENTOMOL LAB,INST FOOD & AGR SCI,200 9TH ST SE,VERO BEACH,FL 32962, USA. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 2 BP 149 EP 153 PN 1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NT473 UT WOS:A1994NT47300001 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE ROONEY, JA COOPER, JL OLSON, JG REGNERY, RL AF CHILDS, JE ROONEY, JA COOPER, JL OLSON, JG REGNERY, RL TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON INFECTION WITH ROCHALIMAEA SPECIES AMONG CATS LIVING IN BALTIMORE, MD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HENSELAE SP-NOV; SCRATCH DISEASE; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DOMESTIC CAT AB Cats from several sources in Baltimore, Md, were tested for seropositivity to Rochalimaea henselae and R quintana. Co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii or feline immunodeficiency virus was assessed as a risk factor for infection with Rochalimaea spp. Of 592 cats tested, 87 (14.7%) were seropositive for one or both Rochalimaea spp, although titers to R henselae were significantly higher than those to R quintana. Prevalence of seropositivity increased significantly with cat age and weight and was associated with seropositivity to T gondii but was not associated with gender. Prevalence of seropositivity was similar (12.5 to 14.4%) among groups of cats with some history of human contact but was higher among feral cats (44.4%). Whether cats are resevoirs or mechanical vectors of Rochalimaea spp that can cause diseases in people is still uncertain, but these findings indicated widespread infection of cats and suggested possible modes of transmission for Rochalimaea spp among cats. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 11 BP 1775 EP 1778 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NP110 UT WOS:A1994NP11000017 PM 8063598 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, ES SHORE, DL PATERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL AF JOHNSON, ES SHORE, DL PATERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL TI SERUM LEVELS OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN IN PHENOXY HERBICIDE SPRAYERS - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID APPLICATORS C1 WESTAT CORP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JOHNSON, ES (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,MED CTR,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,SL18,1430 TULANE AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 86 IS 11 BP 866 EP 868 DI 10.1093/jnci/86.11.866-a PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NN212 UT WOS:A1994NN21200014 ER PT J AU ZIEGLER, RG BYERS, T AF ZIEGLER, RG BYERS, T TI HEALTH CLAIMS ABOUT VITAMIN-C AND CANCER SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter ID RANDOMIZED TRIAL; PREVENTION; RECURRENCE; POLYPOSIS C1 NCI,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUN 1 PY 1994 VL 86 IS 11 BP 871 EP 872 DI 10.1093/jnci/86.11.871-a PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NN212 UT WOS:A1994NN21200019 PM 8182771 ER PT J AU LANGLAND, JO PETTIFORD, S JIANG, BM JACOBS, BL AF LANGLAND, JO PETTIFORD, S JIANG, BM JACOBS, BL TI PRODUCTS OF THE PORCINE GROUP-C ROTAVIRUS NSP3 GENE BIND SPECIFICALLY TO DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA AND INHIBIT ACTIVATION OF THE INTERFERON-INDUCED PROTEIN-KINASE PKR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-B ROTAVIRUS; SERIAL PROPAGATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; CELL-LINE; ADULTS; NS34; DIARRHEA; ENCODES; VIRUS; PARAROTAVIRUS AB The porcine group C rotavirus (Cowden strain) NSP3 protein (the group C equivalent of the group A gene 7 product, formerly called NS34) shares homolog with known double-stranded RNA-binding proteins, such as the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR. A clone of NSP3, expressed both in vitro and in COS-1 cells, led to the synthesis of minor amounts of a product with an M(r) of 45,000 (the expected full-length M(r) of NSP3) and major amounts of products with M(r)s of 38,000 and 8,000. Restriction enzyme digestion analysis prior to expression in vitro and amino-terminal sequence analysis suggest that the products with M(r)s of 38,000 and 8,000 are cleavage products of the protein with an M(r) of 45,000. The full-length protein and the product with an M(r) of 8,000, both of which contain the motif present in double-stranded RNA-binding proteins, bound specifically to double-stranded RNA. The products with M(r)s of 45,000 and 8,000 were also detected in Cowden strain-infected MA104 cells. NSP3 products expressed in COS-1 cells were capable of inhibiting activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase similar to other double-stranded RNA-binding proteins, and NSP3 products expressed in HeLa cells were capable of rescuing the replication of an interferon-sensitive deletion mutant of vaccinia virus. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV,CELL & MOLEC BIOL PROGRAM,TEMPE,AZ 85287. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LANGLAND, JO (reprint author), ARIZONA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,TEMPE,AZ 85287, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-48654] NR 46 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 68 IS 6 BP 3821 EP 3829 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA NL349 UT WOS:A1994NL34900041 PM 7514679 ER PT J AU DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, BC HOLLOWAY, BP ANDERSON, LJ AF DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, BC HOLLOWAY, BP ANDERSON, LJ TI IMMUNOCHEMILUMINESCENT SOUTHERN BLOT ASSAY FOR POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION DETECTION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS-B19 DNA SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE HUMAN PARVOVIRUS-B19; PARVOVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; CHEMILUMINESCENT DETECTION ID B19 DNA; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,VIROL LAB,BR-13560 SAO CARLOS,SP,BRAZIL. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1994.1027 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA NY046 UT WOS:A1994NY04600003 PM 7969192 ER PT J AU MARGONO, F MROUEH, J GARELY, A WHITE, D DUERR, A MINKOFF, HL AF MARGONO, F MROUEH, J GARELY, A WHITE, D DUERR, A MINKOFF, HL TI RESURGENCE OF ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PREGNANT-WOMEN SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; NEW-YORK-CITY AB Objective: To determine the frequency of active tuberculosis during pregnancy in two hospitals located in an area where tuberculosis is epidemic and to describe its course and association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the medical records of 16 pregnant women diagnosed with tuberculosis between 1985-1992 at Kings County Hospital (n = 12) and Saint Vincent's Hospital (n = 4) in New York City. Results: Ten of the 16 pregnant women with proven active tuberculosis had pulmonary tuberculosis, two had tuberculous meningitis, and one each had mediastinal, renal, gastrointestinal, and pleural tuberculosis. Eleven were tested for HIV, and seven were seropositive. One HIV-infected patient with pulmonary tuberculosis died of respiratory failure. In the 6 years between 1985-1990, five cases of active tuberculosis during pregnancy were identified (12.4 per 100,000 deliveries). During the 2 years of 1991-1992, 11 cases were recorded (94.8 per 100,000 deliveries). Conclusion: Cases of active tuberculosis are increasing among pregnant women in epidemic communities and are associated with HIV infection. Early tuberculin skin test screening with appropriate preventive therapy should reduce morbidity due to tuberculosis in HIV-infected women of reproductive age. Identification of pregnant women with tuberculosis requires a high index of suspicion. C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. ST VINCENTS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,NEW YORK,NY 10011. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,WOMENS HLTH & FERTIL BRANCH,HIV SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 83 IS 6 BP 911 EP 914 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA NN174 UT WOS:A1994NN17400001 PM 8190429 ER PT J AU THOMAS, PA WEEDON, J KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E SHAFFER, N MATHESON, P BAMJI, M KAUL, A HUTSON, D GRIMM, KT BEATRICE, ST ROGERS, M DEBERNARDO, E LAWRENCE, K OLESZKO, W PUNSALANG, A CHIASSON, MA MCVEIGH, K VERTUS, A ALFORD, T CAPPELLI, M CARRASQUILLO, N COURTLANDT, R CRUZ, N FLOYD, J HUTCHISON, S JACKSON, L LOPEZ, D MACIAS, L NG, D RIOS, J SAVORY, R TADROS, H WILLIAMS, B YOUNG, S ZHANG, ZR JESSOP, D ROSENBLUTH, L HEAGARTY, M NICHOLAS, S BATEMAN, D MITCHELL, J BROWN, G SUAREZ, M BORKOWSKY, W POLLACK, H ALLEN, MH HOOVER, W VOGLER, M MILANO, D CHOW, J NACHMAN, S SHAH, K SACHARZKY, E HENRIQUEZ, R AGUSTIN, E AHMED, S LOSUB, SI BROTMAN, R BLANCH, S BRUTUS, J DAY, C RHINEHART, W SIMON, R TURKELL, V LAMBERT, G JOHNSTON, B SOLOMAN, L DAVILLA, S GRANT, D NEVES, M SCHABLE, C LARSEN, S VONASSENDELFT, O PETZALT, J RAPIER, J OU, CY KILBOURNE, B SMITH, L ODONNELL, R ANDERSON, L BECK, L BRIGGS, N CASELLA, D DUGAN, T FERREIRA, M LOPEZ, J MONESTINE, A PRATT, L SANCHEZ, M WHITE, R AF THOMAS, PA WEEDON, J KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E SHAFFER, N MATHESON, P BAMJI, M KAUL, A HUTSON, D GRIMM, KT BEATRICE, ST ROGERS, M DEBERNARDO, E LAWRENCE, K OLESZKO, W PUNSALANG, A CHIASSON, MA MCVEIGH, K VERTUS, A ALFORD, T CAPPELLI, M CARRASQUILLO, N COURTLANDT, R CRUZ, N FLOYD, J HUTCHISON, S JACKSON, L LOPEZ, D MACIAS, L NG, D RIOS, J SAVORY, R TADROS, H WILLIAMS, B YOUNG, S ZHANG, ZR JESSOP, D ROSENBLUTH, L HEAGARTY, M NICHOLAS, S BATEMAN, D MITCHELL, J BROWN, G SUAREZ, M BORKOWSKY, W POLLACK, H ALLEN, MH HOOVER, W VOGLER, M MILANO, D CHOW, J NACHMAN, S SHAH, K SACHARZKY, E HENRIQUEZ, R AGUSTIN, E AHMED, S LOSUB, SI BROTMAN, R BLANCH, S BRUTUS, J DAY, C RHINEHART, W SIMON, R TURKELL, V LAMBERT, G JOHNSTON, B SOLOMAN, L DAVILLA, S GRANT, D NEVES, M SCHABLE, C LARSEN, S VONASSENDELFT, O PETZALT, J RAPIER, J OU, CY KILBOURNE, B SMITH, L ODONNELL, R ANDERSON, L BECK, L BRIGGS, N CASELLA, D DUGAN, T FERREIRA, M LOPEZ, J MONESTINE, A PRATT, L SANCHEZ, M WHITE, R TI MATERNAL PREDICTORS OF PERINATAL HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSMISSION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE PERINATAL HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PEDIATRIC ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MOTHER-TO-CHILD HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TRANSMISSION; PREDICTORS OF PERINATAL TRANSMISSION ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-1-RELATED DISEASE; HIV-1 INFECTION; INFANTS BORN; TYPE-1; RISK; SURVIVAL; SPECTRUM AB This analysis sought to identify characteristics of pregnant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-l)-infected women that predict mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. Pregnant and immediately postpartum women at risk for HIV were enrolled at obstetric and pediatric care settings in New York City from 1986 to 1992. Demographic and behavioral characteristics, clinical illness, T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin concentration and syphilis serology were collected on the women. Infants were followed to determine HIV infection classification according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for HIV-1 in children. Transmission rates were calculated for women who gave birth more than 15 months before the analysis. Of 172 HIV-l-infected women with known outcome 49 (28%) had infected infants. The transmission rate (TR) was significantly higher among women with <280 CD4+ cells/mu l (lowest CD4+ quartile) than with CD4+ counts >280 (48% vs. 22%; P = 0.004; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval (1.5, 7.8)); a similar trend was seen by CD4+% quartile. No difference in TR was seen comparing women by CD8+ count quartile but marginally higher TR was seen among women with CD8+% greater than or equal to 51% than with CD8+% <51% (TR = 41% us. 24%; P = 0.076; odds ratio, 2.2; confidence interval (1.0, 5.1)). The highest TR, 62%, was seen in women with both CD8+ count above the median and CD4+ count in the lowest quartile. No significant difference in TR was seen between women with and without HIV-related illness, although the TR was 53% among women hospitalized in the previous year for pneumonia compared with 25% in others (P = 0.03). TR was somewhat lower in women who delivered by cesarean section than vaginally (entire cohort: 18% vs. 32%, P = 0.11; prenatal enrollees only, 17% vs. 38%, P = 0.045). No factor or combination of factors was both highly sensitive and specific for predicting mother-to-child HIV transmission. A possible relationship between transmission and mode of delivery deserves further investigation. C1 MED & HLTH RES ASSOC NYC INC,NEW YORK,NY. NYU,BELLEVUE MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10037. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. LINCOLN HOSP,NEW YORK,NY. CTR COMPREHENS HLTH PRACTICE,NEW YORK,NY. MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP THOMAS, PA (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BOX 44,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU 200937] NR 31 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 6 BP 489 EP 495 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NR183 UT WOS:A1994NR18300005 PM 8078735 ER PT J AU LINDEGREN, ML HANSON, C MILLER, K BYERS, RH ONORATO, I AF LINDEGREN, ML HANSON, C MILLER, K BYERS, RH ONORATO, I TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN ADOLESCENTS, UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ADOLESCENTS ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; NEW-YORK-CITY; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; HIV-INFECTION; MILITARY SERVICE; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; CIVILIAN APPLICANTS; TYPE-2 INFECTION; HEALTH-SERVICES RP LINDEGREN, ML (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DHA,MAILSTOP E-49,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 112 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 13 IS 6 BP 525 EP 535 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NR183 UT WOS:A1994NR18300012 PM 8078742 ER PT J AU GERSHMAN, KA SACKS, JJ WRIGHT, JC AF GERSHMAN, KA SACKS, JJ WRIGHT, JC TI WHICH DOGS BITE - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF RISK-FACTORS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE DOG BITE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR ID UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS; CLASSIFICATION; INJURIES; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; ANIMALS; BREED; SEX AB Objective. Dog bites cause an estimated 585 000 injuries resulting in the need for medical attention yearly and children are the most frequent victims. This study sought to determine dog-specific factors independently associated with a dog biting a nonhousehold member. Methods. A matched case-control design comprising 178 pairs of dogs was used. Cases were selected from dogs reported to Denver Animal Control in 1991 for a first-bite episode of a nonhousehold member in which the victim received medical treatment. Controls were neighborhood-matched dogs with no history of biting a nonhousehold member, selected by modified random-digit dialing based on the first five digits of the case dog owner's phone number. Case and control dog owners were interviewed by telephone. Results. Children aged 12 years and younger were the victims in 51% of cases. Compared with controls, biting dogs were more likely to be German Shepherd (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 16.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8 to 71.4) or Chow Chow (OR(a) = 4.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 13.7) predominant breeds, male (OR(a) = 6.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 15.1), unneutered (OR(a) = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.3), residing in a house with greater than or equal to 1 children (OR(a) = 3.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 7.5), and chained while in the yard (OR(a) = 2.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 8.1). Conclusions. Pediatricians should advise parents that failure to neuter a dog and selection of male dogs and certain breeds such as German Shepherd and Chow Chow may increase the risk of their dog biting a nonhousehold member, who often may be a child. The potential preventability of this frequent public health problem deserves further attention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MERCER UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,MACON,GA 31207. NR 32 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1994 VL 93 IS 6 BP 913 EP 917 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NP678 UT WOS:A1994NP67800006 PM 8190576 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, DR FISHER, RA HELWICK, JJ MURRAY, DL PATTERSON, MJ DOWNES, FP AF JOHNSON, DR FISHER, RA HELWICK, JJ MURRAY, DL PATTERSON, MJ DOWNES, FP TI SCREENING MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN LEVELS AND HUMAN PARVOVIRUS ANTIBODIES SO PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19; PRENATAL SCREENING; MATERNAL SERUM ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN ID HYDROPS-FETALIS SECONDARY; B19 INFECTION; PREGNANCY AB The association between gestational infection with human parvovirus (B19) and fetal loss has increased interest in this virus and demand for diagnostic testing. However, serological assays for B19 are not yet widely available. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) testing is commonly used during the second trimester to screen for various fetal defects. We attempted to determine whether an elevated level of MSAFP would be an appropriate indication for B19-specific tests. Over a 26-month period, MSAFP tests were performed at Michigan State University for 21 392 women. Sera remaining after that testing were stored frozen. Of these, 22 case samples-from women with MSAFP levels greater than 3.0 multiples of the median (MOM) and pregnancies that ended in fetal loss-and 44 matched control samples-from women with MSAFP levels greater than 0.4 and less than 22 MOM and live births at term-were tested for B19 antibodies. None of the 66 samples was IgM positive, while 33 (50 per cent) were IgG positive. The presence of IgG was not significantly associated with case or control status (matched odds ratio = 0.77, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.28-2.11). These findings are consistent with other studies indicating prior infection in approximately half of adults and suggest that elevated screening MSAFP levels, in the absence of other evidence of B19 infection, should not prompt B19-specific testing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT & HUMAN DEV,E LANSING,MI 48824. RP JOHNSON, DR (reprint author), MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR INFECT DIS CONTROL,3500 N LOGAN MLK JR BLVD,POB 30035,LANSING,MI 48909, USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0197-3851 J9 PRENATAL DIAG JI Prenat. Diagn. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 14 IS 6 BP 455 EP 458 DI 10.1002/pd.1970140607 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Genetics & Heredity; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA NT817 UT WOS:A1994NT81700006 PM 7524057 ER PT J AU NEUFER, L AF NEUFER, L TI THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY-HEALTH NURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article AB Chemical contamination in the environment is affecting public health in increasing numbers of communities across the country. Although historically and theoretically well within the realm of nursing, methods for assessing and diagnosing threats to community environmental health are not being included in community health nurses' training. A community's environmental health is assessed by retrieving information from federal, state, and local sources. Developing the diagnosis involves four steps: identifying a community aggregate at highest risk of exposure, determining the potential or actual health response, citing related host and environmental factors, and correlating any existing epidemiologic data that may substantiate the nursing diagnosis. To illustrate these concepts, a systematic environmental health assessment was conducted for Douglas, Arizona. The results indicated elevated lead levels in residential soils and led to the community diagnosis, potential for injury: children in Douglas are at risk of developing adverse neurobehavioral health effects, and pregnant women in Douglas are at risk of developing adverse reproductive health effects related to several environmental and host factors, as evidenced by average blood lead levels in children exceeding the Centers for Disease Control recommended level of 10 mug/dl. RP NEUFER, L (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,ATSDR,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,CHB,M-S E 32,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 11 IS 3 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00395.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA NM882 UT WOS:A1994NM88200005 PM 8898554 ER PT J AU WORTLEY, PM HOLMBERG, SD AF WORTLEY, PM HOLMBERG, SD TI NO EVIDENCE OF BLOOD-BORNE TRANSMISSION OF IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter RP WORTLEY, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 1994 VL 34 IS 6 BP 556 EP 556 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34694295079.x PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NV575 UT WOS:A1994NV57500023 PM 8023404 ER PT J AU MASSUNG, RF LIU, LI QI, J KNIGHT, JC YURAN, TE KERLAVAGE, AR PARSONS, JM VENTER, JC ESPOSITO, JJ AF MASSUNG, RF LIU, LI QI, J KNIGHT, JC YURAN, TE KERLAVAGE, AR PARSONS, JM VENTER, JC ESPOSITO, JJ TI ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLETE GENOME OF SMALLPOX VARIOLA MAJOR VIRUS-STRAIN BANGLADESH-1975 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; SHOPE FIBROMA VIRUS; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITOR; EARLY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INVERTED TERMINAL REPEAT; IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE; VACCINIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE AB We analyzed the 186,102 base pairs (bp) that constitute the entire DNA genome of a highly virulent variola virus isolated from Bangladesh in 1975. The linear, double-stranded molecule has relatively small (725 bp) inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences containing three 69-bp direct repeat elements, a 54-bp partial repeat element, and a 105-base telomeric end-loop that can be maximally base-paired to contain 17 mismatches. Proximal to the right-end ITR sequences are another seven 69-bp elements and a 53- and a 27-bp partial element. Sequence analysis showed 187 closely spaced open reading frames specifying putative major proteins containing greater than or equal to 65 amino acids. Most of the virus proteins correspond to proteins in current databases, including 150 proteins that have > 90% identity to major gene products encoded by vaccinia virus, the smallpox vaccine. Variola virus has a group of proteins that are truncated compared with vaccinia virus counterparts and a smaller group of proteins that are elongated. The terminal regions encode several novel proteins and variants of other poxvirus proteins that potentially augment variola virus transmissibility and virulence for its only natural host, humans. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NINCDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. INST GENOM RES,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20878. NR 229 TC 200 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 201 IS 2 BP 215 EP 240 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1288 PG 26 WC Virology SC Virology GA NL855 UT WOS:A1994NL85500004 PM 8184534 ER PT J AU SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A CARRASCOSA, AL CARRASCOSA, JL OTERO, A GLASS, RI LOPEZ, JA SANMARTIN, C MELERO, JA AF SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A CARRASCOSA, AL CARRASCOSA, JL OTERO, A GLASS, RI LOPEZ, JA SANMARTIN, C MELERO, JA TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A HUMAN ASTROVIRUS SEROTYPE-2 STRUCTURAL PROTEIN (VP26) THAT CONTAINS AN EPITOPE INVOLVED IN VIRUS NEUTRALIZATION SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RNA SEQUENCE; CALICIVIRUSES; MICROSCOPY; CELLS; FECES AB An improved purification procedure for human astrovirus serotype 2 (H-Ast2) has facilitated the isolation of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (PL-2) directed against one of the major structural proteins (VP26) of H-Ast2. A minor component (VP29) of the virus particles is also recognized by PL-2 antibody. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that VP26 (and/or VP29) has mainly a cytoplasmic location in LLCMK2-infected cells. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the PL-2 epitope was present in the surface of astrovirus particles. Pulse-chase radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation of H-Ast2-infected cell extracts identified a P86 precursor of VP26. Several intermediate protein species (P74 to P35) that shared the PL-2 epitope were also identified in the infected cells. Finally, partial N-terminal sequencing of VP29 and VP26 polypeptides demonstrated that they originated by alternative processing of P86 after residues 361 and 394, respectively. These results corroborate the location of the astrovirus structural genes at the 3' end of the viral genome included in the previously identified 2.8-kb subgenomic RNA, (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID,CSIC,CTR MOLEC BIOL,E-28049 MADRID,SPAIN. CSIC,CTR NACL BIOTECNOL,E-28049 MADRID,SPAIN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SANCHEZFAUQUIER, A (reprint author), INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL MICROBIOL,E-28220 MADRID,SPAIN. RI San Martin, Carmen/A-4074-2010; Carrascosa, Angel /K-4439-2014; Lopez, Juan Antonio/G-7750-2015 OI San Martin, Carmen/0000-0001-9799-175X; Lopez, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-9097-6060 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN PY 1994 VL 201 IS 2 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1296 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA NL855 UT WOS:A1994NL85500012 PM 7514320 ER PT J AU THIEDE, H HARRIS, NV MCGOUGH, JP ROBERTS, B KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE AF THIEDE, H HARRIS, NV MCGOUGH, JP ROBERTS, B KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE TI PREVALENCE OF HTLV TYPE-I AND TYPE-II AMONG DRUG-USERS IN KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; HAIRY-CELL LEUKEMIA; RISK-FACTORS; GUAYMI INDIANS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY; RETROVIRUSES AB We investigated the prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II among drug users entering treatment in King County, Washington, between 1988 and 1990. Of 762 injection-drug users, 81 (10.6%) were HTLV-positive; of 89 noninjection-drug users, 2 (2%) were HTLV-positive. Most (95.8% of those typed) were HTLV-II-positive. The relationship between HTLV and demographic and behavioral characteristics was further evaluated among injection-drug users. The prevalence rates for HTLV increased 25-fold from the youngest age group (15 to 24 years) to the oldest (older than 45 years), after adjusting for race. After adjustment for age, American Indians or Alaska Natives were 7.9 times, blacks 6.2 times, Asians or Pacific Islanders 4.7 times, and Hispanics 4.1 times as likely as whites to be HTLV-positive. The prevalence of HTLV among heroin injectors was more than double that observed among injectors of other drugs after adjusting for age, although this association was only marginally significant. The strong association between HTLV prevalence and age suggests that HTLV-II (the predominant virus) has been endemic among King County injection-drug users for some time. Its relatively high prevalence indicates that there is both an opportunity and a need to further investigate the epidemiologic and clinical implications of HTLV-II infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP THIEDE, H (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,3RD FLOOR,YESLER BLDG,400 YESLER WAY,SEATTLE,WA 98104, USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU006260-01-1] NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD JUN PY 1994 VL 160 IS 6 BP 540 EP 544 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NR642 UT WOS:A1994NR64200003 PM 8053176 ER PT J AU HULL, HF WARD, NA HULL, BP MILSTIEN, JB DEQUADROS, C AF HULL, HF WARD, NA HULL, BP MILSTIEN, JB DEQUADROS, C TI PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS - SEASONED STRATEGIES, DISAPPEARING DISEASE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ORAL POLIO VACCINE; ERADICATION; EFFICACY; PROGRESS; COUNTRIES; BRAZIL AB With more than 2 years having elapsed since the last case of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Western Hemisphere, significant progress has been made towards the global eradication of wild polioviruses. Poliomyelitis is disappearing from Europe, North Africa, Southern Africa, the Middle East, China, and the Pacific. Reported poliomyelitis cases declined to 15 587 cases in 1992. Current eradication strategies recommended by the World Health Organization include national mass campaigns administering oral poliovaccine to all children under 5 years of age, enhanced surveillance to detect cases of acute flaccid paralysis, creating a network of laboratories for viral diagnosis, and targeted immunisation to areas and populations where poliovirus transmission is likely to persist. The major obstacles to eradication include inadequate political support for eradication and insufficient funding, especially for the purchase of vaccine. With additional support for the international eradication effort, epidemics of poliomyelitis will cease in developing countries, and industrialised countries will be able to save the large sums spent each year on poliovaccine and rehabilitation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. WHO,BIOL UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,WASHINGTON,DC. RP HULL, HF (reprint author), WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. NR 36 TC 157 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 16 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 28 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8909 BP 1331 EP 1337 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92472-4 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN217 UT WOS:A1994NN21700015 PM 7910329 ER PT J AU GREENGARD, JS SUN, X XU, X FERNANDEZ, JA GRIFFIN, JH EVATT, B AF GREENGARD, JS SUN, X XU, X FERNANDEZ, JA GRIFFIN, JH EVATT, B TI ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C RESISTANCE CAUSED BY ARG506GLN MUTATION IN FACTOR VA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID POOR ANTICOAGULANT RESPONSE; THROMBOPHILIA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP GREENGARD, JS (reprint author), SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. RI Fernandez, Jose/A-3211-2008 NR 5 TC 231 Z9 232 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 28 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8909 BP 1361 EP 1362 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92497-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NN217 UT WOS:A1994NN21700045 PM 7910348 ER PT J AU SIMPSON, EH CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL AF SIMPSON, EH CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL TI PREVALENCE OF PENICILLIN-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE - CONNECTICUT, 1992-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 216-217, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP SIMPSON, EH (reprint author), CONNECTICUT DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDICT SERV,CHILD & ADULT IMMUNIZAT BRANCH,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,HARTFORD,CT, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 25 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 20 BP 1572 EP 1572 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NL758 UT WOS:A1994NL75800009 ER PT J AU AGNEW, JR SUTTER, RW AF AGNEW, JR SUTTER, RW TI ADVERSE REACTIONS TO TETANUS TOXOID SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 25 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 20 BP 1629 EP 1629 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NL758 UT WOS:A1994NL75800040 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK AF NOJI, EK TI PROGRESS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID INJURIES RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 21 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8908 BP 1239 EP 1240 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92145-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NM144 UT WOS:A1994NM14400003 PM 7910269 ER PT J AU FINKEL, TH TOROK, TJ FERGUSON, PJ DURIGON, EL ZAKI, SR LEUNG, DYM HARBECK, RJ GELFAND, EW SAULSBURY, FT HOLLISTER, JR ANDERSON, LJ AF FINKEL, TH TOROK, TJ FERGUSON, PJ DURIGON, EL ZAKI, SR LEUNG, DYM HARBECK, RJ GELFAND, EW SAULSBURY, FT HOLLISTER, JR ANDERSON, LJ TI CHRONIC PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION AND SYSTEMIC NECROTIZING VASCULITIS - OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION OR ETIOLOGIC AGENT SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMANS; SERUM AB We describe three patients who had infection with human parvovirus B19 in association with new-onset systemic necrotising vasculitis syndromes, two with features of polyarteritis nodosa and one with features of Wegener's granulomatosis. Chronic B19 infection, lasting 5 months to more than 3 years, was shown by enzyme immunoassay for IgG and IgM antibodies to B19 and polymerase chain reaction for B19 DNA in serum and tissue samples. The patients had atypical serological responses to the B19 infection, although none had a recognisable immunodeficiency disorder. Treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide did not control vasculitis. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy led to rapid improvement of the systemic vascultis manifestations, clearing of the chronic parvovirus infection, and long-term remission. These observations suggest an aetiological relation between parvovirus B19 infection and systemic necrotising vasculitis in these patients and indicate a potentially curative role for IVIG in such disorders. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV COLORADO,CHILDRENS HOSP,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80218. RP FINKEL, TH (reprint author), NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80206, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL37260]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI29704] NR 27 TC 246 Z9 249 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 21 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8908 BP 1255 EP 1258 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92152-0 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NM144 UT WOS:A1994NM14400010 PM 7910276 ER PT J AU SWEENEY, K GENSHEIMER, KF KNOWLTONFIELD, J SMITH, RA AF SWEENEY, K GENSHEIMER, KF KNOWLTONFIELD, J SMITH, RA TI WATER HEMLOCK POISONING - MAINE, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 229-231, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DATA-COLLECTION-SYSTEM C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,CTR LIVESTOCK DIS DIAGNOST,DEPT VET SCI,LEXINGTON,KY. MAINE DEPT HUMAN SVCS,PORTLAND,ME. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 18 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 19 BP 1475 EP 1475 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NK711 UT WOS:A1994NK71100009 ER PT J AU SHANNON, SC GENSHEIMER, KF LEHAY, RH CIAMPA, J AF SHANNON, SC GENSHEIMER, KF LEHAY, RH CIAMPA, J TI FATALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH HARVESTING OF SEA-URCHINS - MAINE, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, 241-242, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MAINE DEPT HUMAN SVCS,BUR HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,PORTLAND,ME. MAINE DEPT MARINE RESOURCES,PORTLAND,ME. US COAST GUARD MARINE SAFETY OFF,PORTLAND,ME. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CINCINNATI,OH. RP SHANNON, SC (reprint author), DIV DIS CONTROL,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,PORTLAND,ME, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 18 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 19 BP 1477 EP 1477 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NK711 UT WOS:A1994NK71100010 ER PT J AU STAES, C MATTE, T COPLEY, CG FLANDERS, D BINDER, S AF STAES, C MATTE, T COPLEY, CG FLANDERS, D BINDER, S TI RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF LEAD-BASED PAINT HAZARD REMEDIATION ON CHILDRENS BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN ST-LOUIS, MISSOURI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLOOD; CHILD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EVALUATION STUDIES; LEAD POISONING; PAINT ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; OUTCOMES AB A retrospective follow-up study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of lead-based paint hazard remediation in reducing children's blood lead levels. The authors reviewed existing St. Louis, Missouri, City Health Department records, identified 185 children younger than age 6 years who had blood lead levels greater than or equal to 25 mu g/dl during 1989 or 1990, and compared changes in blood lead levels among children whose dwellings did and those whose dwellings did not undergo remediation. Among 54 children who had not moved or received chelation therapy and whose blood lead levels were measured 10-14 months after diagnosis, the geometric mean blood lead level decreased 23% among children living in remediated dwellings (n = 37) and 12% among children in nonremediated dwellings (n = 17) (p = 0.07, t test). The estimated size of the remediation effect was similar using multiple regression (-13%; 95% confidence interval (CI) -25 to 1; p = 0.06) and an approach based on generalized estimating equations (-16%, 95% CI -25 to -7; p = 0.002), when adjusted for covariates. The effect of remediation was greater among children whose blood lead levels at diagnosis were greater than or equal to 35 mu g/dl (-22%) than among those whose blood lead levels at diagnosis were between 25 and 34 mu g/dl (-1%). Among lead-poisoned children in St. Louis, children whose dwellings undergo lead-based paint hazard remediation have a greater decline in geometric mean blood lead level than do children whose dwellings do not, but the effect of remediation may be influenced by the blood lead level at diagnosis. C1 ST LOUIS DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DIV HLTH,ST LOUIS,MO. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP STAES, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 10 BP 1016 EP 1026 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM178 UT WOS:A1994NM17800006 PM 8178781 ER PT J AU CARTTER, ML COOPER, GH HADLER, JL MCGUILL, M DEMARIA, A SMITH, MG DEBBIE, JG MORSE, DL HUNTER, JL MACCORMACK, JN AF CARTTER, ML COOPER, GH HADLER, JL MCGUILL, M DEMARIA, A SMITH, MG DEBBIE, JG MORSE, DL HUNTER, JL MACCORMACK, JN TI RACCOON RABIES EPIZOOTIC - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 269-273, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MASSACHUESETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH, BOSTON, MA USA. NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV, CONCORD, NH USA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, ALBANY, NY USA. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH & NAT RESOURCE, RALEIGH, NC USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, BUR VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP CARTTER, ML (reprint author), CONNECTICUT STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH & ADDIT SERV, HARTFORD, CT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 11 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 18 BP 1394 EP 1395 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NJ693 UT WOS:A1994NJ69300006 ER PT J AU HEERMANN, K SYNER, J VEGEGA, ME LINDSEY, T AF HEERMANN, K SYNER, J VEGEGA, ME LINDSEY, T TI MOTOR-VEHICLE-RELATED DEATHS INVOLVING INTOXICATED PEDESTRIANS - UNITED-STATES, 1982-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 249-253, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL, DIV UNINTENT INJURY PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP HEERMANN, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL, TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAMS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 11 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 18 BP 1397 EP 1398 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NJ693 UT WOS:A1994NJ69300008 ER PT J AU LENFANT, C ERNST, N AF LENFANT, C ERNST, N TI DAILY DIETARY-FAT AND TOTAL FOOD-ENERGY INTAKES - NHANES-III, PHASE-1, 1988-91 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 116-117, PG 123-125, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CDC,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 1 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 17 BP 1309 EP 1309 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH487 UT WOS:A1994NH48700006 ER PT J AU WERNER, SB MURRAY, R REILLY, K MADON, M JAY, M SMITH, C WILSON, B WANG, J JACKSON, RJ HURD, R LEVESQUE, J PAPE, J DAVIS, T HOFFMAN, RE STONEBERG, R DAMROW, TA MONTMAN, C BROWN, R REYNOLDS, P TANUZ, M EIDSON, M SEWELL, CM LANSER, S TANNER, R NICHOLS, CR KRAMER, W MURNANE, TG HICKS, BN THOMAS, PV BUCK, J TAYLOR, J MOORE, GM WOOD, J VAUGHN, C FARRIS, R AKIN, DR BOHAN, P ENSCORE, R SARISKY, J COURTOIS, L VIRCHOW, D SCOTTSBLUFF, NE ANDRASCIK, RJ AF WERNER, SB MURRAY, R REILLY, K MADON, M JAY, M SMITH, C WILSON, B WANG, J JACKSON, RJ HURD, R LEVESQUE, J PAPE, J DAVIS, T HOFFMAN, RE STONEBERG, R DAMROW, TA MONTMAN, C BROWN, R REYNOLDS, P TANUZ, M EIDSON, M SEWELL, CM LANSER, S TANNER, R NICHOLS, CR KRAMER, W MURNANE, TG HICKS, BN THOMAS, PV BUCK, J TAYLOR, J MOORE, GM WOOD, J VAUGHN, C FARRIS, R AKIN, DR BOHAN, P ENSCORE, R SARISKY, J COURTOIS, L VIRCHOW, D SCOTTSBLUFF, NE ANDRASCIK, RJ TI HUMAN PLAGUE - UNITED-STATES, 1993-1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 3, PG 242-246, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 INYO CTY HLTH DEPT,INDEPENDENCE,CA. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. MONTANA DEPT FISH WILDLIFE & PARKS,HELENA,MT. MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT. ALBUQUERQUE ENVIRONM HLTH DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO ENVIRONM DEPT,SANTA FE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. NEBRASKA STATE DEPT HLTH,LINCOLN,NE. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT,DALLAS,TX. US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WERNER, SB (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 17 BP 1312 EP 1312 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH487 UT WOS:A1994NH48700008 ER PT J AU GERBER, AR CAMPBELL, CH DILLON, BA HOLTGRAVE, DR AF GERBER, AR CAMPBELL, CH DILLON, BA HOLTGRAVE, DR TI EVALUATING BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS - NEED FOR RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP GERBER, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 17 BP 1317 EP 1318 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH487 UT WOS:A1994NH48700011 PM 8158810 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA ARAL, SO AF PETERMAN, TA ARAL, SO TI EVALUATING BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS - NEED FOR RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAILS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 17 BP 1318 EP 1318 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH487 UT WOS:A1994NH48700012 ER PT J AU KOGAN, MD ALEXANDER, GR KOTELCHUCK, M NAGEY, DA AF KOGAN, MD ALEXANDER, GR KOTELCHUCK, M NAGEY, DA TI RELATION OF THE CONTENT OF PRENATAL-CARE TO THE RISK OF LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT - MATERNAL REPORTS OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR ADVICE AND INITIAL PRENATAL-CARE PROCEDURES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMPACT; POPULATION; PROGRAMS; OUTCOMES; WOMEN AB Objective.-Numerous studies have found a relationship between the quantity of prenatal care received and birth outcomes. Few studies have had the opportunity to examine the content of prenatal care. This study examined the relationship between two components of the content of prenatal care: maternal reports of health behavior advice received and initial prenatal care procedures performed during the first two visits and low birth weight in a national sample of women. Advice and initial procedures were categorized based on the recommendations of the US Public Health Service Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care. Design.-Interview survey of a nationally representative sample of women who had live births in 1988. Participants.-A total of 9394 women, with data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Main Outcome Measure.-Low birth weight (<2500 g) as reported on the birth certificate. Results.-After controlling for other sociodemographic, utilization, medical, and behavioral factors, women who reported not receiving all the types of advice recommended by the Expert Panel on the Content of Prenatal Care were more likely to have a low-birth-weight infant compared with women who reported receiving the optimal level of advice (odds ratio=1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 1.60). There were no differences between women who reported receiving all the recommended initial prenatal care procedures and those who reported not receiving all recommended prenatal care (odds ratio=1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.14). Conclusion.-These data suggest that women who report receiving sufficient health behavior advice as part of their prenatal care are at lower risk of delivering a low-birth-weight infant. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,CHAPEL HILL,NC. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP KOGAN, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 840,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 29 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 17 BP 1340 EP 1345 DI 10.1001/jama.271.17.1340 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH487 UT WOS:A1994NH48700026 PM 8158819 ER PT J AU SCHLENKER, TL FRITZ, CJ MARK, D LAYDE, M LINKE, G MURPHY, A MATTE, T AF SCHLENKER, TL FRITZ, CJ MARK, D LAYDE, M LINKE, G MURPHY, A MATTE, T TI SCREENING FOR PEDIATRIC LEAD-POISONING - COMPARABILITY OF SIMULTANEOUSLY DRAWN CAPILLARY AND VENOUS-BLOOD SAMPLES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID CHILDREN AB Objective.-To determine the ability of capillary blood lead levels to accurately reflect true blood lead levels in children at risk for lead poisoning. Design.-A correlation study in which lead levels of capillary blood specimens obtained by four different methods were compared with lead levels of simultaneously drawn venous blood specimens. Setting.-A central-city pediatric primary care clinic and door-to-door home visits in one central-city neighborhood. Patients.-Two hundred ninety-five children at high risk for lead poisoning aged 6 months to 6 years. Main Outcome Measures.-Blood lead levels of simultaneously drawn capillary and venous blood specimens. Results.-Lead levels of all four capillary sampling methods were highly correlated (correlation coefficient greater than or equal to 0.96) with matched venous blood lead levels, with mean capillary-venous differences less than 0.05 mu mol/L (1 mu g/dL). Conclusions.-Capillary sampling is an acceptable alternative to venipuncture for lead-poisoning screening in young children. C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT FAMILY MED,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,LEAD POISONING BRANCH,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHLENKER, TL (reprint author), SALT LAKE CITY CTY HLTH DEPT,2001 S STATE ST,S2500,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84190, USA. FU PHS HHS [H64/CCH507059-02] NR 18 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 17 BP 1346 EP 1348 DI 10.1001/jama.271.17.1346 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH487 UT WOS:A1994NH48700027 PM 8158820 ER PT J AU RYDER, RW NSUAMI, M NSA, W KAMENGA, M BADI, N UTSHUDI, M HEYWARD, WL AF RYDER, RW NSUAMI, M NSA, W KAMENGA, M BADI, N UTSHUDI, M HEYWARD, WL TI MORTALITY IN HIV-1-SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN, THEIR SPOUSES AND THEIR NEWLY BORN CHILDREN DURING 36 MONTHS OF FOLLOW-UP IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; MORTALITY; HIV; DEATH RATE ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HIV-INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; AIDS; INFANTS AB Objective: To calculate 3-year mortality rates in HIV-l-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative mothers, their newborn children and the fathers of these children. Design: Longitudinal cohort study of HIV-1-seropositive, age and parity-matched HIV-1-seronegative pregnant women, their newborn babies and the fathers of these children. Setting: Obstetric ward and follow-up clinic at a large municipal hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Participants: A total of 335 newborn children and their 327 HIV-1-seropositive mothers and 341 newborn children and their 337 HIV-1-seronegative mothers and the fathers of these children. Main outcome measures: Rates of vertical HIV-1 transmission and maternal, paternal and early childhood mortality. Results: The lower and upper bounds of vertical transmission were 27 and 50%, respectively. The 3-year mortality rate was 44% in children with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection, 25% in children with HIV-1-seropositive mothers and indeterminant HIV-1 infection status, and 6% in uninfected children with HIV-1-seronegative mothers. HIV-1-seropositive women who transmitted HIV-1 infection to their most recently born child had lost a greater number of previously born children (mean, 1.5 versus 0.5; P< 0.05), were more likely to have had AIDS at delivery (25 versus 12%; P< 0.01) and were more likely to die during follow-up (22 versus 9%; P<0.01) than HIV-1-seropositive women who did not transmit HIV-1 infection to their newborn child. Twenty-five out of 239 (10.4%) fathers of children with HIV-1-seropositive mothers, not lost to follow-up, died compared with three out of 310 (1%) fathers of children with HIV-1-seronegative mothers (P< 0.01). Conclusions: Families in Kinshasa, Zaire, in which the mother was HIV-1-seropositive experienced a five to 10-fold higher maternal, paternal and early childhood mortality rate than families in which the mother was HIV-1-seronegative. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NICID,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP RYDER, RW (reprint author), PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP 667 EP 672 DI 10.1097/00002030-199405000-00014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NH951 UT WOS:A1994NH95100014 PM 8060546 ER PT J AU RYDER, RW KAMENGA, M NKUSU, M BATTER, V HEYWARD, WL AF RYDER, RW KAMENGA, M NKUSU, M BATTER, V HEYWARD, WL TI AIDS ORPHANS IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE - INCIDENCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV-1; AFRICA; ORPHANS ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; AFRICA; WOMEN AB Objective: To determine the incidence, morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic consequences of becoming an AIDS orphan (a child with an HIV-1-seropositive mother who has died) in Kinshasa, Zaire. Design: A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken between 1986 and 1990. Within this cohort, a nested case-control study of AIDS orphans was performed. AIDS orphan cases were children with an HIV-1-seropositive mother who had died. Two groups of control children were identified. The first group of control children were age-matched children with HIV-1-seropositive mothers who were alive at the time of death of the AIDS orphan case mother. The second group of control children were children with HIV-1-seronegative mothers who were also alive at the time of death of the AIDS orphan case mother. Setting: Obstetric ward and follow-up clinic at two large municipal hospitals in Kinshasa, Zaire. Participants: A total of 466 HIV-1-seropositive women, their children, and the fathers of these children; 606 HIV-1-seronegative women, their children, and the fathers of these children. Main outcome measures: AIDS orphan incidence, HIV-1 vertical transmission rate, morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic indicators of the consequences of becoming an AIDS orphan. Results: The AIDS orphan incidence rate was 8.2 per 100 HIV-l-seropositive women-years of follow-up. Vertical transmission of HIV-1 was higher in AIDS orphan cases (41%) than in control children with HIV-1-seropositive mothers (26%; P<0.05). Among children without vertically acquired HIV-1 infection, morbidity rates and indices of social and economic well-being were similar in AIDS orphans and control children. Five out of 26 (19%) AIDS orphan cases died during follow-up, compared with three out of 52 (6%) control children (P<0.05). Conclusion: During a 3-year follow-up period, children with HIV-1-seropositive mothers had a considerable risk of becoming an AIDS orphan. However, the presence of a concerned extended family appeared to minimize any adverse health and socioeconomic effects experienced by orphan children. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP RYDER, RW (reprint author), PROJET SIDA,DEPT PUBL HLTH,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 15 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP 673 EP 679 DI 10.1097/00002030-199405000-00015 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NH951 UT WOS:A1994NH95100015 PM 8060547 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF INGRAM, DD MAKUC, DM AF GILLUM, RF INGRAM, DD MAKUC, DM TI WHITE BLOOD-CELL COUNT AND STROKE INCIDENCE AND DEATH - THE NHANES-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; CEREBRAL EMBOLISM AND THROMBOSIS; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MEN; SMOKING; WOMEN ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; HEMATOCRIT; INFORMATION; SMOKING AB A 1982 report (J Chronic Dis 1982;35:703-14) that a relatively high white blood cell (WBC) count predicted increased incidence of cerebral thrombosis could not establish whether this association was independent of smoking. Therefore, the authors examined data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, conducted in 1971-1987, to assess WBC count as a risk factor for stroke in a sample of the US population. White men with a WBC count of >8,100 cells/mm(3) had a 39% increase in age-adjusted stroke incidence compared with those with a WBC count of <6,600 cells/mm(3). However, controlling for cigarette smoking reduced the association and rendered it statistically nonsignificant (relative risk = 1.26, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.70). No significant associations of WBC count with stroke incidence were seen in white women or in blacks. In white men, elevated WBC count may be a mediator of cardiovascular effects of smoking, an indicator of smoking exposure, or both. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate mechanisms for the effect of smoking and WBC count on stroke incidence and death. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 9 BP 894 EP 902 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM021 UT WOS:A1994NM02100004 PM 8166139 ER PT J AU GESSNER, BD BELLER, M AF GESSNER, BD BELLER, M TI PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL COOKING VERSUS USE OF MICROWAVE-OVENS IN AN OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE COOKERY; COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FOOD HANDLING; GASTROENTERITIS; MICROWAVES; SALMONELLA FOOD POISONING; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES AB The authors conducted an investigation to determine the extent and source of an outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis that occurred following a community picnic in Juneau, Alaska, in 1992, and to evaluate risk factors for illness. A case-control study among 54 picnic attendees and a retrospective cohort study among 60 members of 17 households who had taken home leftover food from the picnic were conducted. A case was defined as diarrhea with onset 12-72 hours after eating food that had been prepared for the picnic. The case-control study associated illness with eating roast pork from one of two pigs that had been flown in from a Seattle, Washington, restaurant. The roast pork was taken home by persons from at least the 17 households included in the cohort study. The cohort study identified 43 persons who ate roast pork, of whom 21 (49%) became ill. This compared with only one case of illness among 17 cohort members who had not eaten roast pork (relative risk = 8.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-57.0). Of 30 persons who ate reheated meat, al 10 who used a microwave oven became ill, compared with none of 20 who used a conventional oven or skillet. The Seattle restaurant had prepared the roast pork by first thawing two frozen pigs for several hours at room temperature and then cooking them in a gas-fired flame broiler. One of the pigs was left unrefrigerated for 17-20 hours after cooking. Compared with conventional methods of reheating, microwave ovens had no protective effect in preventing illness. To prevent outbreaks such as this one, care must be taken to assure that food is both properly cooked and handled and properly reheated. C1 ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 9 BP 903 EP 909 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM021 UT WOS:A1994NM02100005 PM 8166140 ER PT J AU JASON, J MURPHY, J SLEEPER, LA DONFIELD, SM WARRIER, I ARKIN, S EVATT, B GOMPERTS, ED AF JASON, J MURPHY, J SLEEPER, LA DONFIELD, SM WARRIER, I ARKIN, S EVATT, B GOMPERTS, ED TI IMMUNE AND SEROLOGIC PROFILES OF HIV-INFECTED AND NONINFECTED HEMOPHILIC CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; T CELLS; HEMOPHILIA; ANERGY; IMMUNODEFICIENCY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; PROPOSED SCORING SYSTEM; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; NORMAL VALUES; INFECTED PATIENTS; MULTITEST CMI; RESPONSES; HEALTHY; AIDS AB Objectives: To assess relationships among the effects of HIV on hemophilic children and adolescents' immunologic parameters and vaccine-related serology. Methods: We analyzed data from extensive baseline immunologic evaluations of 207 HIV antibody-positive (HIV+) and 126 HIV antibody-negative (HIV-) hemophilic children and adolescents. Results: HIV+ and HIV- participants differed significantly in T-lymphocyte subpopulation numbers, immunoglobulin levels, and seroprevalence rates for diphtheria toroid, measles, and mumps antigens. IgG levels, IgM levels, and serologic titers to vaccine antigens showed little correlation with T-cell parameters. Proportionately more HIV+ participants were nonreactive to each and all of a panel of 7 skin test antigens (71% vs 28% anergic, RR 2.6). The odds of anergy increased 1.6 times for every decline of 200 CD4+ cells/mu l. Conclusions: HIV had significant, largely independent T- and B-lymphocyte effects on this pediatric cohort. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, inc. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DECATUR,GA 30033. VET ADM MED CTR,DIV AMBULATORY CARE,DECATUR,GA. NEW ENGLAND RES INST,WATERTOWN,MA 02172. CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,DETROIT,MI 48201. MT SINAI MED CTR,DIV PEDIAT HEMATOL ONCOL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. MT SINAI MED CTR,CTR COMPREHENS HEMOPHILIA,NEW YORK,NY 10029. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. RP JASON, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DHA,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M1-RR00071]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-8-2908]; PHS HHS [MCJ-060570] NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 46 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830460106 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NE019 UT WOS:A1994NE01900005 PM 8184874 ER PT J AU BURNETT, CA SILVERMAN, DT LALICH, NR AF BURNETT, CA SILVERMAN, DT LALICH, NR TI A COMPARISON OF ANALYSES OF OCCUPATIONAL BLADDER-CANCER - DEATH CERTIFICATE VS POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL INTERVIEW SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BLADDER NEOPLASMS; CANCER REGISTRY; DEATH CERTIFICATES; OCCUPATION; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; SURVEILLANCE ID INDUSTRY DATA; LUNG-CANCER; MORTALITY; ACCURACY; RECORDS; WORKERS; SURVEILLANCE; INFORMATION; LEUKEMIA AB The authors examined the utility of death certificate data for occupational health surveillance by comparing the ability of the data to identify high-risk occupations for bladder cancer with that of a population-based case-control study. Death certificate data for white males from 23 states for 1979-1987 were analyzed using proportionate mortality ratios. The case-control study used cancer registry cases for 1977-1978. Results were compared for 21 a priori suspect occupations. A broad definition of agreement resulted in agreement for 62% of the occupations; the death certificate study identified eight of 15 occupations identified by the case-control study and neither study identified five of the categories. While death certificate data have many limitations, our results indicate that death certificate data can provide clues to some potential occupational health problems. With the advantages of inexpensive data, large sample size, and industrial coverage, more refined analyses of the data should prove useful for occupational mortality surveillance and hypothesis generation. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BURNETT, CA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-18,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 25 IS 5 BP 677 EP 688 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700250507 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NG239 UT WOS:A1994NG23900006 PM 8030638 ER PT J AU KOPLAN, JP LIVENGOOD, JR AF KOPLAN, JP LIVENGOOD, JR TI THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGING DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS ON OUR HEALTH PROMOTION PRIORITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Medicine for the 21st-Century: Challenges in Personal and Public Health Promotion CY FEB, 1992 CL PALM SPRINGS, CA SP AMER MED ASSOC, ANNENBERG CTR EISENHOWER, ANNENBERG WASHINGTON PROGRAM, US EPA, W K KELLOG FDN AB As we approach the twenty-first century, we face many difficult challenges in planning public health programs to promote health and prevent disease. We focus here on the changing age distribution of the American population and the resulting need to develop and enact effective health promotion efforts for older Americans. Older adults suffer from an increased burden of many chronic diseases, but contrary to past assumptions, they benefit substantially from health promotion and disease prevention efforts. Although numerous health promotion activities can be targeted to aging populations, we pay particular attention to the beneficial role of physical activity promotion, tobacco use cessation, and good nutrition for older adults. In this article, we describe some of the implications of this demographic change in terms of the health care services and needs of older adults, and we suggest priorities for future public health promotion and disease prevention programs. RP KOPLAN, JP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE K40,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 SU S BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA NW377 UT WOS:A1994NW37700013 PM 7917457 ER PT J AU DOLL, LS HARRISON, JS FREY, RL MCKIRNAN, D BARTHOLOW, BN DOUGLAS, JM JOY, D BOLAN, G DOETSCH, J AF DOLL, LS HARRISON, JS FREY, RL MCKIRNAN, D BARTHOLOW, BN DOUGLAS, JM JOY, D BOLAN, G DOETSCH, J TI FAILURE TO DISCLOSE HIV RISK AMONG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN ATTENDING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We analyzed data from a multisite study of 1,063 gay or bisexual men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics to evaluate factors predicting failure to disclose human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors to clinic staff and the extent of such failure. We compared data from a brief screening assessment on unprotected anal and oral sex with data on the same behaviors from a subsequent detailed interview. We also compared behavioral data from screening and the interview with data on diagnoses of rectal gonorrhea abstracted from medical charts. Of 523 men reporting unprotected anal sex at interview, 29% failed to report this behavior at screening. Men failing to disclose unprotected anal sex were also less likely to disclose engaging in unprotected oral sex. Among men reporting no unprotected anal sex, either at screening or interview, 1.6% were diagnosed with rectal gonorrhea. Logistic regression analyses comparing men who did and did not disclose at screening having engaged in unprotected anal sex showed that men who failed to disclose reported greater involvement in gay organizations, greater perceived peer support for condoms, fewer episodes of unprotected anal sex in the last four months, and lower rates of substance abuse treatment. Our data suggest that men who failed to disclose may have lower risk levels, and may be more integrated into the gay community. Brief interviews, as opposed to detailed ones, also may underestimate incidence of unsafe sex. Where feasible, HIV risk assessment and counseling and laboratory screening should be routinely provided to all clinic attendees, regardless of self-reports. RP DOLL, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 125 EP 129 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA NV554 UT WOS:A1994NV55400001 PM 7917436 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K JENKINS, B AMES, RG OMALLEY, M CHRISLIP, D RUSSO, J AF STEENLAND, K JENKINS, B AMES, RG OMALLEY, M CHRISLIP, D RUSSO, J TI CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE POISONING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; NEUROPATHY AB Objectives, This work was undertaken to determine whether there are any chronic neurological sequelae to acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. Methods. California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and 90 referents. Tests included a neurological physical examination, 5 nerve conduction tests, 2 vibrotactile sensitivity tests, 10 neurobehavioral tests, and 1 postural sway test. Results. After correcting for confounding, the poisoned group performed significantly worse than the referent group on two neurobehavioral tests (sustained visual attention and mood scales), When the data were restricted to men with documented cholinesterase inhibition (n = 83) or to men who had been hospitalized (n = 36), the poisoned subjects also showed significantly worse vibrotactile sensitivity of finger and toe. Significant trends of increased impairment were found with increased days of disability on a wide spectrum of tests of both central and peripheral nerve function. Conclusions. While these findings are limited by low response rates and by small sample sizes for specific pesticides, this study was based on a large surveillance database and is the largest study to date of the chronic effects of organophosphate pesticide poisoning. The evidence of some long-term effects of poisoning is consistent with two prior studies. C1 CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,BERKELEY,CA. CALIF ENVIRONM PROTECT AGCY,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 16 TC 215 Z9 218 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1994 VL 84 IS 5 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.5.731 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN151 UT WOS:A1994NN15100010 PM 8179040 ER PT J AU MCQUILLAN, GM EZZATIRICE, TM SILLER, AB VISSCHER, W HURLEY, P AF MCQUILLAN, GM EZZATIRICE, TM SILLER, AB VISSCHER, W HURLEY, P TI RISK BEHAVIOR AND CORRELATES OF RISK FOR HIV-INFECTION IN THE DALLAS COUNTY HOUSEHOLD HIV SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL CONTACT; PREVALENCE; AIDS AB Objectives. The Dallas County study of a proposed national household seroprevalence survey was designed to assess the feasibility of conducting a national survey and to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus infection for Dallas County, Risk behavior data were collected and correlated with HIV infection. Methods. Participants in this survey represented a probability sample of the county. A self-administered questionnaire on demographic characteristics and HIV risk behavior was completed and a blood sample was obtained. Results. Of the 1724 adults eligible for the survey, 1446 completed the questionnaire and 1374 provided a blood sample. The prevalence estimates were 0.4% for HIV and 7.3% for hepatitis B virus. A strong relationship was observed between HIV and hepatitis B status and risk behavior. Conclusions. In this study population, receptive anal intercourse and increasing numbers of male partners had the strongest correlation with the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B virus infection in men. The high level of risk reporting for individuals positive for HIV or hepatitis B suggests that survey participants who engage in risk behaviors were willing to report those behaviors. C1 RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP MCQUILLAN, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 1070,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1994 VL 84 IS 5 BP 747 EP 753 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.5.747 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN151 UT WOS:A1994NN15100013 PM 8179043 ER PT J AU BOEKELOO, BO SCHIAVO, L RABIN, DL CONLON, RT JORDAN, CS MUNDT, DJ AF BOEKELOO, BO SCHIAVO, L RABIN, DL CONLON, RT JORDAN, CS MUNDT, DJ TI SELF-REPORTS OF HIV RISK-FACTORS BY PATIENTS AT A SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINIC - AUDIO VS WRITTEN QUESTIONNAIRES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS BEHAVIORAL-RESEARCH; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; STD CLINICS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; RELIABILITY; INTERCOURSE; PREDICTORS AB Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine how the method of assessment affects patient report of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risks. Methods. Patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic randomly received either a written self-administered questionnaire or an audio self-administered questionnaire delivered by cassette player and headset. These questionnaires were followed by face-to-face interviews. Results. Audio questionnaires had fewer missing responses than written questionnaires. Audio questionnaires also identified more unprotected vaginal intercourse and sexual partners suspected or known to have HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome than did written questionnaires. Although both the audio and written questionnaires identified more risks than the face-to-face interviews, the difference in the mean number of reported risks between the audio questionnaires and the face-to-face interviews was greater than that between the written questionnaires and the face-to-face interviews. Conclusions. Audio questionnaires may obtain more complete data and identify more HIV risk than written questionnaires. Research is warranted about whether audio questionnaires overcome barriers to the completion and accuracy of HIV risk surveys. This study emphasizes the need to elucidate the relative strengths and weaknesses of written questionnaires, audio questionnaires, and face-to-face interviews for HIV risk assessment. C1 GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & FAMILY MED,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MONTGOMERY CTY HLTH DEPT,SILVER SPRING,MD. NATL ACAD SCI,INST MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1994 VL 84 IS 5 BP 754 EP 760 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.5.754 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN151 UT WOS:A1994NN15100014 PM 8179044 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO HOLTGRAVE, DR BRACKBILL, RM AF VALDISERRI, RO HOLTGRAVE, DR BRACKBILL, RM TI KNOWLEDGE, PREFERENCE, OR BOTH - ITS HARD TO TELL WITHOUT THE DATA - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DSTD HIVP,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1994 VL 84 IS 5 BP 868 EP 868 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.5.868 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN151 UT WOS:A1994NN15100041 ER PT J AU VUGIA, DJ RODRIGUEZ, M VARGAS, R RICSE, C OCAMPO, C LLAQUE, R SEMINARIO, JL GREENE, KD TAUXE, RV BLAKE, PA AF VUGIA, DJ RODRIGUEZ, M VARGAS, R RICSE, C OCAMPO, C LLAQUE, R SEMINARIO, JL GREENE, KD TAUXE, RV BLAKE, PA TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN TRUJILLO, PERU 1992 - UTILITY OF A CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION AND SHIFT IN VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1 SEROTYPE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Epidemic cholera continues in Peru. Since 1991, cholera surveillance in Peru has been based mainly on clinical recognition. To determine the proportion of reported cholera patients who actually have cholera and to evaluate the clinical case definition used in surveillance, we cultured rectal swabs from patients presenting with acute diarrhea in March 1992 in Trujillo, Peru. Of 197 patients meeting the clinical case definition, 174 (88%) had confirmed Vibrio cholerae O1 infection. In this epidemic setting, watery diarrhea of sudden onset in a person of any age presenting for treatment is highly predictive of cholera. Of note, 90% of the current V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates were of serotype Ogawa, while a year earlier, all were of serotype Inaba. C1 REG HLTH DEPT,TRUJILLO,PERU. MINIST HLTH,GEN OFF EPIDEMIOL,LIMA,PERU. HOSP BELEN,TRUJILLO,PERU. HOSP REG,TRUJILLO,PERU. RP VUGIA, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 50 IS 5 BP 566 EP 569 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NR407 UT WOS:A1994NR40700006 PM 8203704 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB DAWSON, JE ROBINSON, LE AF FISHBEIN, DB DAWSON, JE ROBINSON, LE TI HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1985 TO 1990 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE EHRLICHIOSIS; EHRLICHIA; CHLORAMPHENICOL; TETRACYCLINE; AGE FACTORS ID TROPICAL CANINE PANCYTOPENIA; MOUNTAIN SPOTTED-FEVER; HUMAN INFECTION; RICKETTSIA; FEATURES; TICKS; TEXAS AB Objective: To describe the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory manifestations, response to therapy, and factors related to morbidity and mortality in a large group of patients with ehrlichiosis. Design: Case-series. Setting: Laboratory-based surveillance in the United States. Patients: 237 patients whose serum had a fourfold increase or decrease in antibodies to Ehrlichia canis or E. chaffeensis. Measurements: Epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory data, hospitalization, duration of illness, complications, and treatment response. Results: From 1985 through 1990, 237 case-patients were identified in 21 states; rates exceeded 1 per 100 000 per year in only 5 counties. Incidence rates increased with age and were higher among men. Most case-patients had nonspecific illness and were not suspected of having a rickettsial infection. Many patients (60.8%) were hospitalized. Leukocyte and platelet counts typically decreased and liver function tests typically increased through day 7. Three (6.1%) of 49 outpatients treated only with tetracycline were hospitalized compared with 35 (92%) of 38 outpatients treated only with antibiotics other than tetracycline or chloramphenicol (P < 0.001). Among hospitalized patients, recovery was faster for those initially treated with tetracycline (median, 16 days) or chloramphenicol (median, 12 days) than for those initially treated with other antibiotics (median, 27 days; P = 0.03 for both comparisons). In a logistic regression analysis, severe illness or death was more probable among case-patients 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% Cl, 1.87 to 11.2) and among those who did not receive tetracycline or chloramphenicol until 8 or more days after symptom onset (OR, 4.38; Cl, 1.36 to 14.0). Conclusions: The findings of this!study are primarily representative of more seriously ill patients with human ehrlichiosis. Although rates are low, ehrlichiosis is found in many areas of the United States. Patients with a history of tick exposure, acute febrile illness, decreasing leukocyte counts, and decreasing platelet counts may have ehrlichiosis. Prompt treatment with tetracycline or chloramphenicol markedly decreases the morbidity. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 234 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 120 IS 9 BP 736 EP 743 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NH251 UT WOS:A1994NH25100003 PM 8147546 ER PT J AU PAPPAGIANIS, D FELDMAN, G BILLIMEK, M MASCOLA, L WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW AF PAPPAGIANIS, D FELDMAN, G BILLIMEK, M MASCOLA, L WERNER, SB JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW TI EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES - COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS FOLLOWING THE NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE - CALIFORNIA, 1994 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 VENTURA CTY PUBL HLTH DEPT,VENTURA,CA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,SACRAMENTO,CA. NIOSH,OFF DIRECTOR,CINCINNATI,OH. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP PAPPAGIANIS, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 130 IS 5 BP 555 EP 556 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA NL073 UT WOS:A1994NL07300001 ER PT J AU HEFFLIN, BJ JALALUDIN, B MCCLURE, E COBB, N JOHNSON, CA JECHA, L ETZEL, RA AF HEFFLIN, BJ JALALUDIN, B MCCLURE, E COBB, N JOHNSON, CA JECHA, L ETZEL, RA TI SURVEILLANCE FOR DUST STORMS AND RESPIRATORY-DISEASES IN WASHINGTON-STATE, 1991 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PM10 POLLUTION; HEALTH; CHILDREN AB Southeast Washington State, which has a long history of seasonal dust storms, experienced 2 d of dust storms in October 1991, during which PM(10) levels exceeded 1 000 mu g/m(3) (i.e., six times greater than the Environmental Protection Agency's 24-h PM(10) standard). Three community hospitals in southeast Washington were visited for the purpose of assessing the possible effects of dust storms on respiratory health. During these visits, the number of emergency room visits for respiratory disorders for each day of 1991 were abstracted. These numbers were compared with daily PM(10) levels for 1991. Also determined were the observed/expected ratios for the number of emergency room visits for each respiratory disorder category during October 1991. The maximum observed/expected ratio for the respiratory disorders was 1.2. For 1991, we found a 3.5% increase in the number of daily emergency room visits for bronchitis for each 100 mu g/m(3) increase in PM(10). In addition, 2 d subsequent to those days on which the PM(10) levels exceeded 150 mu g/m(3), there was a 4.5% increase in the number of emergency room visits for sinusitis for each 100 mu g/m(3) increase in PM(10). Our results indicate that the naturally occurring PM(10) in this setting has a small effect on the respiratory health of the population in general. C1 BENTON FRANKLIN HLTH DIST,RICHLAND,WA. RP HEFFLIN, BJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 170 EP 174 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP268 UT WOS:A1994NP26800006 PM 8185387 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB HOFFMAN, DA SMITH, J STEINBERG, K ZACK, M AF THACKER, SB HOFFMAN, DA SMITH, J STEINBERG, K ZACK, M TI UNTITLED SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID LEVEL; LEAD RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 49 IS 3 BP 204 EP 205 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NP268 UT WOS:A1994NP26800012 PM 8018200 ER PT J AU PREVOTS, DR SUTTER, RW STREBEL, PM WEIBEL, RE COCHI, SL AF PREVOTS, DR SUTTER, RW STREBEL, PM WEIBEL, RE COCHI, SL TI COMPLETENESS OF REPORTING FOR PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS, UNITED-STATES, 1980 THROUGH 1991 - IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATING THE RISK OF VACCINE-ASSOCIATED DISEASE SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION AB Background: Although the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) has remained relatively constant during the past 30 years, estimates of VAPP depend largely on the completeness of reporting to the existing passive surveillance system. The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program constitutes an alternative system for reporting VAPP, and data available from this system permitted us to evaluate the completeness of the national poliomyelitis surveillance system. Methods: We compared cases of paralytic poliomyelitis reported to the national surveillance system (maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga) with cases recommended for compensation by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, Rockville, Md, and we calculated the observed completeness of reporting to the national system for 1980 through 1991. A capture-recapture method was also used to estimate completeness of reporting, ie, to account for cases potentially missed by both systems. In addition, we reviewed the epidemiology and updated the risk of VAPP based on the most current information on cases of VAPP. Results: From 1980 through 1991, 105 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program systems, 98 (93%) of which were VAPP (average, 8.2 cases per year). The observed completeness of reporting to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was 94%, and the estimated completeness of reporting (capture-recapture method) was 81%. The overall risk of VAPP was one case per 2.5 million doses of oral poliovirus vaccine distributed. In the sensitivity analysis, the risk estimates of VAPP remained relatively stable throughout a wide range of assumptions regarding underreporting and specificity of the case definition for paralytic poliomyelitis. Conclusion: The risk of VAPP remains virtually unchanged from previous estimates despite the inclusion of previously unidentified VAPP cases. Despite the potential for both underreporting and misclassification of cases, our risk estimates were relatively insensitive to either of these biases. Since both of these biases were in opposite directions, and both probably occurred with low frequency, the risk estimates provided in this report appear valid and approximate the ''true'' risk of VAPP in the United States. C1 US HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,NATL VACCINE INJURY COMPENSAT PROGRAM,DIV VACCINE INJURY COMPENSAT,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP PREVOTS, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM,DIV HIV AIDS,INFORMAT SERV E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 148 IS 5 BP 479 EP 485 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NL070 UT WOS:A1994NL07000006 PM 8180638 ER PT J AU CANDAL, FJ BOSSE, DC VOGLER, WR ADES, EW AF CANDAL, FJ BOSSE, DC VOGLER, WR ADES, EW TI INHIBITION OF INDUCED ANGIOGENESIS IN A HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE BY ET-18-OCH3 SO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ET-18-OCH3 INHIBITION; ANGIOGENESIS ID SULFATED CHITIN DERIVATIVES; THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS; ALKYL-LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS; SELECTIVE DESTRUCTION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; LEUKEMIC-CELLS; TUMOR-GROWTH; HEPARIN; INVITRO AB Alkyl-lysophospholipids are a group of anticancer compounds that have previously been shown to have the unique feature of being selectively toxic to neoplastic tissues. One of these compounds, ET-18-OCH3, has been used for purging bone marrow of cancer cells in phase I clinical trials. Tumor-induced angiogenesis has been directly correlated with tumor growth and metastasis. In this study, we examined the effect ET-18-OCH3 has on a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), including the following functions: angiogenesis, cell-adhesion molecule expression, and cell-junction integrity. We found that ET-18-OCH3 (in vitro) reversibly inhibited induced angiogenesis at levels that did not affect viability. At lower concentrations, ET-18-OCH3 down-regulated the expression of cell-adhesion molecules and affected the integrity of cell-to-cell junctions. This observation demonstrates this versatile family of compounds to have additional targets of action. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT HEMATOL,ATLANTA,GA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 FU NCI NIH HHS [NCI CA29850] NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0344-5704 J9 CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM JI Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 34 IS 2 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Oncology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NM002 UT WOS:A1994NM00200014 PM 7514962 ER PT J AU FOTOU, GP PRATSINIS, SE BARON, PA AF FOTOU, GP PRATSINIS, SE BARON, PA TI COATING OF SILICA FIBERS BY ULTRAFINE PARTICLES IN A FLAME REACTOR SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; AEROSOL; MODEL; COALESCENCE; COAGULATION; DEPOSITION; SUPPORTS AB Formation of high surface area fibers by in situ coating of silica fibers with nanosize silica particles in a flame reactor was studied, High surface area fibers have potential for use in fabrication of fiber reinforced ceramics, in high-efficiency filters and in chromatographic bioseparations. Silica (quartz) fibers, about 1 mum in diameter and 100 mum long were suspended in air using a Timbrell-type fiber generator and introduced into a flame reactor. High-temperature oxidation and hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride vapor resulted in the formation of silica aggregates that deposited onto the suspended fibers in the flame. Complete coverage of the fibers by the aggregates resulted in dendritic structures on the fibers as was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of SiCl4 concentration on the enhancement of the specific surface area of the fibers was investigated. The specific surface area of the fibers was increased by more than 20 times compared to that of the bare fibers. A theoretical model for particle deposition and dendrite growth by coagulation and sintering in the free-molecule regime was proposed and compared with the experimental data. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CTR AEROSOL PROC,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0009-2509 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 49 IS 10 BP 1651 EP 1662 DI 10.1016/0009-2509(94)85065-8 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA NL992 UT WOS:A1994NL99200010 ER PT J AU PRINCE, HE YORK, J GOLDING, J OWEN, SM LAL, RB AF PRINCE, HE YORK, J GOLDING, J OWEN, SM LAL, RB TI SPONTANEOUS LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION IN HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) AND HTLV-II INFECTION - T-CELL SUBSET RESPONSES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO THE PRESENCE OF PROVIRUS AND VIRAL-ANTIGEN PRODUCTION SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; CYCLOSPORINE-A; INTERLEUKIN-2; MYELOPATHY; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; RECEPTOR; CARRIERS; JAPAN AB Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SLP) during in vitro culture of mononuclear cells (MCs) characterizes over half of asymptomatic individuals infected,vith human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) or HTLV-II. Both CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets within MC cultures are activated during SLP, as judged by high-density CD25 (CD25(bright)) expression; it is unclear, however, whether both cell subsets can directly undergo SLP. In the present investigation, the SLP capacities of purified CDS and CD4 cells were examined in subjects infected with HTLV-I (n = 19) or HTLV-II (n = 54) in relation to the SLP status of MCs from each subject. No increase in SLP was observed for CD8 or CD4 cells from SLP-negative (SLP(-)) HTLV-infected subjects, whereas robust SLP characterized CD4 cells from all SLP-pgsitive (SLP(+)) individuals, regardless of HTLV type. In contrast, SLP(+) CD4 cells characterized only 23% (7 of 31) of HTLV-II+ SLP(+) individuals, whereas SLP(+) CD4 cells characterized 100% of HTLV-I+ SLP(+) individuals. In cocultures of HTLV-II+ SLP(+) CD8 cells and autologous SLP(-) CD4 cells, sizable proportions of both CD8 cells and CD4 cells coexpressed CD25(bright), suggesting that SLP(-) CD4 cells were activated in the presence of SLP(+) CD8 cells. PCR analysis for tax sequences detected provirus in most CD4- and CD8-cell preparations from HTLV-seropositive individuals, regardless of type and the SLP status of cell subsets. To determine whether SLP was associated with activation of viral genes, levels of HTLV-I and HTLV-II core antigen (Ag) in supernatants were measured. Viral Ag production and SLP responses were significantly correlated for both CD4 and CD8 cells in both HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections. However, inhibition of CD8- or CD4-cell SLP by cyclosporin A or anti-Tac (anti-CD25) did not reduce Ag production, indicating that Ag production is not coupled to SLP. These findings show that CD4 cells from SLP(+) HTLV-I+ and SLP(+) HTLV-II+ individuals differ in SLP capacity, that the absence of SLP does not indicate a lack of infection, and that production of viral Ag is associated with, but not dependent on, SLP. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PRINCE, HE (reprint author), AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD & TISSUE SERV,CELLULAR IMMUNOL LAB,1130 S VERMONT AVE,LOS ANGELES,CA 90006, USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 1 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT564 UT WOS:A1994PT56400004 PM 7496962 ER PT J AU MEI, JV POWELL, MK HENDERSON, LO SMITH, SJ COOPER, GR MARCOVINA, SM HANNON, WH AF MEI, JV POWELL, MK HENDERSON, LO SMITH, SJ COOPER, GR MARCOVINA, SM HANNON, WH TI METHOD-DEPENDENT VARIATIONS IN THE STABILITY OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-B IN A STABILIZED LIQUID REFERENCE MATERIAL SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOASSAYS; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; VARIATION, SOURCE OF; REFERENCE MATERIAL; SAMPLE HANDLING ID A-I; INTERNATIONAL-FEDERATION; CANDIDATE REFERENCE; STANDARDIZATION; DISEASE; SERUM AB Using accelerated Arrhenius-type short-term and long-term temporal studies, we evaluated the storage life of a stabilized, liquid-frozen reference material (SLRM) for human apolipoprotein B (apo B) developed by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. As measured by our candidate reference RIA, the concentrations of immunoreactive apo B in the SLRM showed pronounced degradation with exposure to increasing temperatures over time. The SLRM was stable for as long as 1 year when stored at -70 degrees C, but its immunoreactive apo B declined by <10% when stored at 4 degrees C for 10 months. Using radial immunodiffusion and an ELISA to assess the equivalency of measured mass for the accelerated thermal stability of the SLRM, we found a loss of immunoreactive apo B similar to that measured by RIA. Analyzing the same samples by liquid immunoprecipitation (nephelometry) resulted in the amount of apo B present being overestimated, especially in samples held for long periods. By using different immunological methods to evaluate this thermally aged SLRM, we demonstrated that its measured behavior varies depending on the method of quantitation. RP MEI, JV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 40 IS 5 BP 716 EP 722 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NK828 UT WOS:A1994NK82800007 PM 8174242 ER PT J AU LENGERICH, EJ ADDISS, DG JURANEK, DD AF LENGERICH, EJ ADDISS, DG JURANEK, DD TI SEVERE GIARDIASIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; LAMBLIA; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; WISCONSIN AB Giardia lamblia is a common gastrointestinal pathogen but is not generally appreciated as a of severe illness. To describe the epidemiology of severe giardiasis, we reviewed data on hospital discharges from the United States and the state of Michigan and compared results for giardiasis with those for shigellosis. From 1979 to 1988, an estimated 4,600 persons were hospitalized for giardiasis annually in the United States; the incidence of giardiasis was 2.0 hospitalizations per 100,000 persons, compared with 2.4 hospitalizations per 100,000 persons for shigellosis. Rates of giardiasis were highest among children younger than 5 years old and women of childbearing age; the median length of hospital stay was 4 days (annual total, 23,238 days). Among residents of Michigan from 1983 to 1987, the average annual incidence of hospitalization was 1.4 per 100,000 persons for giardiasis, compared with 1.0 per 100,000 persons for shigellosis. Volume depletion was the most frequently listed codiagnosis (33.2%); 18.7% of children younger than 5 years old who had severe giardiasis had failure to thrive. Physicians should consider the diagnosis of giardiasis for persons with severe gastrointestinal illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 18 IS 5 BP 760 EP 763 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NL167 UT WOS:A1994NL16700012 PM 8075266 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ STEINBERG, KK THACKER, SB AF SMITH, SJ STEINBERG, KK THACKER, SB TI METHODS FOR POOLED ANALYSES OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,SPECIAL ACTIVITIES BRANCH,STAT GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 1994 VL 5 IS 3 BP 381 EP 382 DI 10.1097/00001648-199405000-00024 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NJ910 UT WOS:A1994NJ91000024 PM 8038259 ER PT J AU SECOR, WE AF SECOR, WE TI SIZING UP GRANULOMAS SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS-MANSONI; DOWN-REGULATION; EGG DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; MICE; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; HELMINTH; IL-10 RP SECOR, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 78 IS 3 BP 336 EP 339 DI 10.1006/expr.1994.1036 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA NK870 UT WOS:A1994NK87000011 PM 8162965 ER PT J AU MASLIA, ML AF MASLIA, ML TI MODIFICATIONS TO THE COMPUTER-PROGRAM TENSOR2D SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Note AB The U.S. Geological Survey computer program TENSOR2D may be used to compute the directional components of the anisotropic transmissivity tensor of two-dimensional ground-water flow. In this note, modifications to the original computer code, developed in 1987, are described. Because of the modifications, TENSOR2D now conforms to the Fortran 77 Standard and can be run on most personal computers without user modification. Additionally, a new routine generates the polar coordinates of the computed theoretical transmissivity (or diffusivity) ellipse. RP MASLIA, ML (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP E-32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 501 EP 502 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00668.x PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA NK300 UT WOS:A1994NK30000019 ER PT J AU SIMMONDS, P ALBERTI, A ALTER, HJ BONINO, F BRADLEY, DW BRECHOT, C BROUWER, JT CHAN, SW CHAYAMA, K CHEN, DS CHOO, QL COLOMBO, M CUYPERS, HTM DATE, T DUSHEIKO, GM ESTEBAN, JI FAY, O HADZIYANNIS, SJ HAN, J HATZAKIS, A HOLMES, EC HOTTA, H HOUGHTON, M IRVINE, B KOHARA, M KOLBERG, JA KUO, G LAU, JYN LELIE, PN MAERTENS, G MCOMISH, F MIYAMURA, T MIZOKAMI, M NOMOTO, A PRINCE, AM REESINK, HW RICE, C ROGGENDORF, M SCHALM, SW SHIKATA, T SHIMOTOHNO, K STUYVER, L TREPO, C WEINER, A YAP, PL URDEA, MS AF SIMMONDS, P ALBERTI, A ALTER, HJ BONINO, F BRADLEY, DW BRECHOT, C BROUWER, JT CHAN, SW CHAYAMA, K CHEN, DS CHOO, QL COLOMBO, M CUYPERS, HTM DATE, T DUSHEIKO, GM ESTEBAN, JI FAY, O HADZIYANNIS, SJ HAN, J HATZAKIS, A HOLMES, EC HOTTA, H HOUGHTON, M IRVINE, B KOHARA, M KOLBERG, JA KUO, G LAU, JYN LELIE, PN MAERTENS, G MCOMISH, F MIYAMURA, T MIZOKAMI, M NOMOTO, A PRINCE, AM REESINK, HW RICE, C ROGGENDORF, M SCHALM, SW SHIKATA, T SHIMOTOHNO, K STUYVER, L TREPO, C WEINER, A YAP, PL URDEA, MS TI A PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR THE NOMENCLATURE OF HEPATITIS-C VIRAL GENOTYPES SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID NON-B HEPATITIS; VIRUS GENOME; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NON-A; SEQUENCE; ORGANIZATION; DISTINCT; CARRIER; JAPAN; RNA C1 UNIV PADUA,IST MED CLIN,MED CLIN 2,I-35123 PADUA,ITALY. NIH,WARREN G MAGNUSON CLIN CTR,DEPT TRANSFUS MED,IMMUNOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OSPED MOLINETTE,DEPT GASTROENTEROL LAB,I-10126 TURIN,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PARIS 05,INSERM,U370,F-75730 PARIS 15,FRANCE. UNIV ROTTERDAM HOSP,HOSP DIJKZIGT,3015 GD ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. TORANOMON GEN HOSP,DEPT GASTROENTEROL,TOKYO,JAPAN. NATL TAIWAN UNIV HOSP,HEPATITIS RES CTR,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. CHIRON CORP,NON A NON B RES,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. UNIV MILAN,IST MED INTERNA,CATTEDRA MED INTERNA 1,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. NETHERLANDS RED CROSS,BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV,CENT LAB,CLB,DEPT DEV RES,1066 CX AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. KANAZAWA MED UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,UCHINADA,ISHIKAWA 92002,JAPAN. UNIV LONDON,ROYAL FREE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,LONDON NW3 2PF,ENGLAND. AUTONOMOUS UNIV BARCELONA,GEN HOSP,DEPT MED INTERNA,SERV HEPATOL,LIVER RES UNIT,E-08035 BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV NACL ROSARIO,CTR TECNOL SALUD PUBL,FAC CIENCIAS BIOQUIM & FARMACEUT,RA-2000 ROSARIO,ARGENTINA. HIPPOKRATON GEN HOSP,GR-11527 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV ATHENS,SCH MED,DEPT HYG & EPIDEMIOL,NATL RETROVIRUS REFERENCE CTR,GR-11527 ATHENS,GREECE. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT ZOOL,OXFORD OX1 3PS,ENGLAND. KOBE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,KOBE 650,JAPAN. CHIRON CORP,NUCLE ACID SYST,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. CHIRON CORP,MOLEC BIOL,EMERYVILLE,CA. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MED,HEPATOBILIARY DIS SECT,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. NETHERLANDS RED CROSS,BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV,CENT LAB,CLB,DIV DIAGNOST,DEPT VIRUS SEROL,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. INNOGENET NV SA,B-9052 ZWIJNAARDE GHENT,BELGIUM. ROYAL INFIRM,SCOTLAND & SE SCOTLAND BLOOD TRANSFUS SERV,EDINBURGH EH3 9HB,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. NATL INST HLTH,DEPT VIROL 2,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. NAGOYA CITY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED 2,NAGOYA,AICHI 467,JAPAN. UNIV TOKYO,INST MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,TOKYO 108,JAPAN. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,LINDSLEY F KIMBALL RES INST,VIROL & PARASITOL LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10021. NETHERLANDS RED CROSS,BLOOD BANK,1066 CX AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. WASHINGTON UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV ESSEN GESAMTHSCH KLINIKUM,ROBERT KOCH HAUS INST VIROL,WHO,W-4300 ESSEN 1,GERMANY. NATL CANC CTR,RES INST,DIV VIROL,TOKYO 104,JAPAN. INSERM,U271,HEPATITIS AIDS & HUMAN RETROVIRUS RES UNIT,F-69424 LYON 03,FRANCE. TOKYO METROPOLITAN INST MED SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. CHIRON CORP,IMMUNOCHEM,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. NIHON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP SIMMONDS, P (reprint author), UNIV EDINBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,EDINBURGH EH8 9AG,MIDLOTHIAN,SCOTLAND. OI Bonino, Ferruccio/0000-0001-9942-0328; CHEN, DING-SHINN/0000-0001-7791-6154 NR 21 TC 953 Z9 979 U1 2 U2 19 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 1994 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1321 EP 1324 DI 10.1016/0270-9139(94)90887-7 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NJ328 UT WOS:A1994NJ32800034 PM 8175159 ER PT J AU MEAD, JR ILKSOY, N YOU, XD BELENKAYA, Y ARROWOOD, MJ FALLON, MT SCHINAZI, RF AF MEAD, JR ILKSOY, N YOU, XD BELENKAYA, Y ARROWOOD, MJ FALLON, MT SCHINAZI, RF TI INFECTION DYNAMICS AND CLINICAL-FEATURES OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN SCID MICE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID AIDS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; CHOLECYSTITIS; OOCYSTS AB Cryptosporidial infections in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice produce a chronic disease state which in the later stages leads to extraintestinal involvement and hepatic dysfunction. To further characterize the infection dynamics in this model and monitor the changes in the hepatic system, a dose titration of the oocyst inoculum was performed and alkaline phosphatase levels in the sera were assayed. Ten SCID mice per dose were inoculated with 10(3), 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), or 10(7) oocysts. Oocyst shedding in the feces was quantified by microscopic enumeration. Mice inoculated with 10(6) oocysts and those inoculated with 10(7) oocysts demonstrated similar oocyst shedding patterns, but the 10(7)-oocyst group exhibited signs of distress (e.g., weight loss and icterus) earlier. The intensity of the infection increased markedly approximately 14 days postinoculation (p.i.) and continued to increase steadily over the next 6 weeks. Inoculation with lower oocyst doses produced a delay in patency (e.g., it occurred 7 days later with the 10(5)-oocyst inoculum and 14 days later with the 10(4)-oocyst inoculum). Mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels in the 10(7)-oocyst group were more than twice control values at 5 weeks p.i. and continued to increase over the next 8 weeks. Oocyst doses and alkaline phosphatase levels were positively correlated with hepatobiliary colonization (r = 0.71) and liver necrosis (r = 0.65) at 13 weeks p.i. A strong positive correlation between hepatobiliary colonization and liver necrosis at 13 weeks p.i. (r = 0.87) was observed. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30022. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30022. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET ADM MED CTR,MED RES 151,DECATUR,GA 30033. RI Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-25144] NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1691 EP 1695 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NH313 UT WOS:A1994NH31300026 PM 8168930 ER PT J AU ABUKWAIK, Y FIELDS, BS ENGLEBERG, NC AF ABUKWAIK, Y FIELDS, BS ENGLEBERG, NC TI PROTEIN EXPRESSION BY THE PROTOZOAN HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS UPON CONTACT WITH ITS BACTERIAL PARASITE LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; INTRACELLULAR MULTIPLICATION; TAP WATER; AMEBAS; GROWTH AB Legionella pneumophila is ingested by both human macrophages and amoebae, and it multiplies within similar endocytic compartments in both eukaryotic species. Inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, such as cycloheximide and emetine, had no effect on the uptake of L. pneumophila by macrophages but completely abolished ingestion by the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis. Therefore, host cell protein synthesis is required for the bacterium to infect the amoeba but not human macrophages. To identify proteins expressed by H. vermiformis upon contact with L. pneumophila, we radiolabeled amoebal proteins after contact with bacteria in bacteriostatic concentrations of tetracycline to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. We analyzed protein expression by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found that 33 amoebal proteins were induced; 12 of these were not detected in resting amoebae. Eleven other amoebal proteins were repressed; four of them became undetectable. In contrast, no phenotypic changes were observed in H. vermiformis upon contact with Escherichia coli or heat-killed L. pneumophila. An isogenic, avirulent variant of L. pneumophila, incapable of infecting either macrophages or amoebae, induced a different pattern of protein expression upon contact with H. vermiformis. Our data showed that amoebae manifested a specific phenotypic response upon contact with virulent L. pneumophila. This phenotypic modulation may be necessary for uptake of the bacteria into an endocytic compartment that permits bacterial survival and multiplication. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RI Abu Kwaik, Yousef/A-2802-2012 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI26232, R01AI24731, 5T32 AI07360] NR 23 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1860 EP 1866 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NH313 UT WOS:A1994NH31300049 PM 8168950 ER PT J AU UDHAYAKUMAR, V QARI, SH PATTERSON, P COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF UDHAYAKUMAR, V QARI, SH PATTERSON, P COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN REPEATS OF A PLASMODIUM-VIVAX-LIKE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE AND PLASMODIUM-SIMIOVALE SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; SPOROZOITES; SEQUENCE AB We have recently described a Plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite. The circumsporozoite protein of this parasite is identical to that of a simian malaria parasite, P. simiovale, but different from two known types of P. vivax. Here, we describe the production of two monoclonal antibodies, Pam 172 and Pam 135, specific for the circumsporozoite protein repeat sequence APGANQEGGAA of the P. vivax-like malaria parasite. These two monoclonal antibodies recognized air-dried sporozoites of P. simiovale but not other human, simian, or rodent malaria parasites tested. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-YO2-AI-00006-01] NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 62 IS 5 BP 2098 EP 2100 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NH313 UT WOS:A1994NH31300081 PM 8168975 ER PT J AU MCALLISTER, SK BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ AGUERO, SM WENGER, PN JARVIS, WR AF MCALLISTER, SK BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ AGUERO, SM WENGER, PN JARVIS, WR TI PATIENT CYTOKINE RESPONSE IN TRANSFUSION-ASSOCIATED SEPSIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SEPTIC SHOCK; FACTOR CACHECTIN; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN-6; ENDOTOXIN; PLASMA; ALPHA AB Cytokine concentrations in plasma from patients transfused with packed erythrocytes contaminated with gram-negative bacilli were measured. Cytokine concentrations in posttransfusion plasma were significantly elevated. A difference in cytokine patterns between survivors and a nonsurvivor was observed. RP MCALLISTER, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, C-01, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 24 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 62 IS 5 BP 2126 EP 2128 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NH313 UT WOS:A1994NH31300089 PM 8168982 ER PT J AU BELL, DM RHODES, RS AF BELL, DM RHODES, RS TI CONFERENCE ON PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN SURGERY AND OBSTETRICS - INTRODUCTION SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV MISSISSIPPI,AMER COLL SURGEONS,MED CTR,JACKSON,MS 39216. RP BELL, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 15 IS 5 BP 339 EP 339 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NM781 UT WOS:A1994NM78100016 ER PT J AU ORENSTEIN, WA MARKOWITZ, LE ATKINSON, WL HINMAN, AR AF ORENSTEIN, WA MARKOWITZ, LE ATKINSON, WL HINMAN, AR TI WORLDWIDE MEASLES PREVENTION SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Recent Developments in Perinatal and Childhood Infections CY AUG 23-29, 1992 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL SP MINIST HLTH ISRAEL, SHAARE MED CTR, HEBREW UNIV HADASSAH MED SCH, ISRAEL ACAD SCI & HUMANITIES DE INFECTIOUS DISEASE; MEASLES; VACCINATION; GAMMA-GLOBULIN ID MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; RISK-FACTORS; VITAMIN-A; SUCCESSFUL IMMUNIZATION; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB Prior to measles vaccine use, measles accounted for over 2.5 million deaths annually. Measles epidemiology in the developed countries is different from that in less developed countries. Whereas in the developing world, measles is a disease primarily of young children, particularly infants in urban areas, in the developed world, school-age children >5 years old play a greater role. Prevention of measles in developing countries has relied principally on a single dose of Schwarz strain vaccine at age 9 months (>85% efficacy); 80% coverage has prevented >1.6 million deaths. However, problems have been encountered because of the narrow window to deliver vaccines between the time an infant becomes susceptible and exposure to disease. Recent studies suggest that some strains of measles vaccines given at potencies 10-100 times higher than standard vaccines may achieve good efficacy in infants aged 4-6 months, but safety of these vaccines has been questioned. Widespread use of standard vaccines in the West has resulted in dramatic reductions in measles incidence but has not prevented outbreaks among the 2-5% of persons not protected by a single dose. Such outbreaks often appear after extended periods either without measles or with low measles incidence. A single dose appears adequate to control measles well but inadequate to eliminate the disease. Many developed countries have adopted two-dose schedules. Measles immunization has dramatically reduced measles occurrence, but improved control is necessary to prevent the estimated 1 million deaths still occurring each year. RP ORENSTEIN, WA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 103 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ISRAEL JOURNAL MED SCIENCES PI JERUSALEM PA 2 ETZEL ST, FRENCH HILL, JERUSALEM 97853, ISRAEL SN 0021-2180 J9 ISRAEL J MED SCI JI Isr. J. Med. Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 30 IS 5-6 BP 469 EP 481 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NX734 UT WOS:A1994NX73400038 PM 8034506 ER PT J AU KNUCHEL, M BEDNARIK, DP CHIKKALA, N ANSARI, AA AF KNUCHEL, M BEDNARIK, DP CHIKKALA, N ANSARI, AA TI BIPHASIC IN-VITRO REGULATION OF RETROVIRAL REPLICATION BY CD8(+) CELLS FROM NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SIV; CD8 SUPPRESSION; RT-PCR ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CD8+ T-CELLS; HIV REPLICATION; KAPPA-B; VIRUS-REPLICATION; LYMPHOCYTES; INVITRO; INHIBITION; ACTIVATION; RNA AB CD8(+) T cells from naturally infected disease-resistant sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) secrete a soluble factor which inhibits the in vitro replication of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). To gain further insight on the mechanism(s) involved, CD8(+) effector T cells and target cells from sooty mangabeys were immortalized and cloned. The target cells were then stably transfected with an SIV-LTR-CAT construct or with the parental CAT plasmid as a control. A quantitative RT-PCR method, providing the necessary sensitivity, was developed to monitor the influence of the cloned CD8(+) T cells on the CATmRNA contained in the target cells. It could be demonstrated that a soluble factor was secreted by the cloned CD8(+) T cells from sooty mangabeys, which appeared to regulate CATmRNA activity in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Kinetic experiments showed that the CATmRNA transcriptional activity was initially augmented at 30 min postcoculture and was followed by a marked decrease in transcriptional activity after a few hours. This immediate early response could be mitigated utilizing H7, Calmodulin, or PDTC (a pyrrolidone derivative of dithiocarbamate), suggesting that the pathway was protein kinase-dependent and that the NF-KB site may be involved. The inhibitory effect could also be overcome using a protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that protein synthesis was needed to negatively regulate CATmRNA activity and hence SIV promoter activity. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCRR NIH HHS [DRR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI27057-05]; PHS HHS [R01-A127057-05] NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 7 IS 5 BP 438 EP 446 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NG413 UT WOS:A1994NG41300003 PM 8158536 ER PT J AU BERNARD, K BELLEFEUILLE, M HOLLIS, DG DANESHVAR, MI MOSS, CW AF BERNARD, K BELLEFEUILLE, M HOLLIS, DG DANESHVAR, MI MOSS, CW TI CELLULAR FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION AND PHENOTYPIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CDC FERMENTATIVE CORYNEFORM GROUP-3 AND GROUP-5 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Seventy strains of fermentative, asporogenous, gram-positive coccobacilli or short rods form two closely related groups which ha ce been designated CDC fermentative coryneform groups 3 (32 strains, xylose fermenters) and 5 (38 strains, xylose nonfermenters). The two taxa are otherwise similar to each other phenotypically and culturally and by a distinctive Staphylococcus-like odor and by cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition. CDC group 3 and CDC group 5 strains have been isolated from clinical sources (blood, abscesses, and wounds but not urine or respiratory specimens) in Canada and the United States and among referrals from Belgium, Sweden, and Spain. Coryneform CDC group 3 strains were phenotypically similar to CDC coryneform group A-3 but were distinguishable by their inability to reduce nitrate and by their lack of motility. Coryneform CDC group 5 isolates were phenotypically somewhat similar to Actinomyces viscosus and Rothia dentocariosa, escept that none of this group reduced nitrate. Both CDC groups could be differentiated from these similar bacteria by the ability to decarboxylate lysine and ornithine. The CFA compositions of CDC group 3 and 5 strains were similar to each other, were distinctive from those of other coryneforms, and were of the branched-chain ape. API CORYNE codes mere consistent for both CDC group 3 and CDC group 5 bacteria, suggesting that this method could be useful as an identification method. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BERNARD, K (reprint author), LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL BACTERIOL LAB,SPECIAL BACTERIOL SECT,RM 64,HPB BLDG 7,TUNNEYS PASTURE,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ON,CANADA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1222 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NG217 UT WOS:A1994NG21700015 PM 8051247 ER PT J AU BAKER, CN BANERJEE, SN TENOVER, FC AF BAKER, CN BANERJEE, SN TENOVER, FC TI EVALUATION OF ALAMAR COLORIMETRIC MIC METHOD FOR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROTH MICRODILUTION; TESTING SYSTEM; AGAR DILUTION; DIFFUSION AB The Alamar (Alamar Biosciences, Inc., Sacramento, Calif.) colorimetric antimicrobial susceptibility testing method is a new approach to the determination of broth microdilution MICs. The method uses a color indicator to detect growth of microorganisms within the wells of a microdilution tray. The color changes can be read visually or with a fluorometer. The system contains growth and sterility control wells and 20 antimicrobial agents per MIC tray with eight twofold dilutions for each antimicrobial agent. We tested 186 multiresistant, gram-negative bacterial isolates against 33 antimicrobial agents and compared the results to those obtained by agar dilution. Categorical agreement for all agents was 90.9% and ranged from 78.2% for ampicillin-sulbactam to 98.1% for amikacin. Percent agreement for MIC results (within +/-1 log(2) dilution) was 91.0% for all agents and ranged from 69.1% for gentamicin to 97.9% for ciprofloxacin. Most of the disagreements were with the penicillins and cephalosporins for beta-lactamase-producing strains. The Alamar MIC system is very easy to read visually and appears to be a satisfactory addition to currently used MIC determination methods. RP BAKER, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAIL STOP G08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1267 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NG217 UT WOS:A1994NG21700022 PM 8051254 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL DEARROYAVE, KR WAHLQUIST, SP DUPEE, LJ ENG, TR JURANEK, DD AF HERWALDT, BL DEARROYAVE, KR WAHLQUIST, SP DUPEE, LJ ENG, TR JURANEK, DD TI INFECTIONS WITH INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PEACE-CORPS VOLUNTEERS IN GUATEMALA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; BLASTOCYSTIS-HOMINIS; RESIDENTS; AMEBIASIS; MEXICO AB To assess the role of parasites in causing diarrhea in Peace Corps volunteers in Guatemala, 115 stool specimens from a case-control investigation (48 case [diarrhea] and 26 control episodes) were examined. A potentially pathogenic protozoan that could account for diarrheal illness was found for only 12% of the case episodes. C1 PEACE CORPS,MED OFF,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. PEACE CORPS,MED OFF,WASHINGTON,DC. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-22,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1376 EP 1378 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NG217 UT WOS:A1994NG21700048 PM 8051274 ER PT J AU CLEVELAND, JL SIEW, C LOCKWOOD, SA GRUNINGER, SE CHANG, SB NEIDLE, EA RUSSELL, CM AF CLEVELAND, JL SIEW, C LOCKWOOD, SA GRUNINGER, SE CHANG, SB NEIDLE, EA RUSSELL, CM TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS-B VACCINE RESPONSE AMONG DENTISTS SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ANTIBODIES; DENTISTS; HEPATITIS B; IMMUNITY; VACCINE ID UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; POPULATION; PERSISTENCE; ANTIBODY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate personal and immunization factors associated with serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine response. A study was conducted using data from United States dentists participating from 1987 to 1991 in the Health Screening Program of the American Dental Association's annual session. This study included dentists (n = 507) who (1) received their most recent dose of HBV vaccine within the previous 10 months, (2) completed a core questionnaire, and (3) were tested for HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) and were found not to have evidence of past or present infection. Non-responders were defined as dentists testing negative for all three markers (n = 100). Responders were defined as dentists having serological evidence of anti-HBs alone (n = 407). Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of vaccine response to the variables sex, age, number of vaccine doses, site of vaccination, type of vaccine, and history of hepatitis. Vaccine response was most strongly associated with sex, age, and number of doses. Factors unrelated to vaccine response included type of vaccine and history of hepatitis. Adherence to the recommended number of doses and early vaccination are critical to adequate protection against hepatitis B infection of dentists, who are often exposed to blood and other body fluids. C1 AMER DENT ASSOC HLTH FDN,RES INST,GAITHERSBURG,MD. COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH DENT & ORAL SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10027. MED COLL GEORGIA,OFF BIOSTAT,AUGUSTA,GA. RP CLEVELAND, JL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ORAL HLTH,MAILSTOP F10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCH PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 73 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1035 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA NW341 UT WOS:A1994NW34100002 PM 8006228 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG TI DEATH INVESTIGATION REPORT FORMS (DIRFS) - GENERIC FORMS FOR INVESTIGATORS (IDIRFS) AND CERTIFIERS (CDIRFS) SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE FORENSIC SCIENCE; FORMS; MORTALITY DATA; DEATH INVESTIGATION; DEATH INVESTIGATION DATA AB On the basis of data collection procedures and forms used in various death investigation offices, we developed generic death investigation report forms (DIRFs). One form was designed for documenting information collected by the initial investigator of death. and another form was designed for documenting information collected by the medical examiner, pathologist, or other person who certifies the death or otherwise finalizes the investigation by determining the cause, manner, and circumstances of death. The benefits, problems, and criteria associated with designing the forms are discussed. Both the investigators DIRF (IDIRF) and the certifier's DIRF (CDIRF) are available in printed or electronic form for those who wish to use them or to modify them according to their specific needs. We hope that these DIRFs will be useful and promote uniformity in documenting death investigations. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP HANZLICK, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 629 EP 636 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA NL936 UT WOS:A1994NL93600015 PM 8006610 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG COMBS, D AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG COMBS, D TI STANDARD LANGUAGE IN DEATH INVESTIGATION LAWS SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE FORENSIC SCIENCE; PATHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY; DEATH INVESTIGATION LAWS; LEGISLATION; MODEL LAWS AB Death investigation statutes and practices vary among the 50 states. We reviewed the Model Postmortem Examinations Act, recommendations of the National Association of Medical Examiners. the College of American Pathologists' ''criteria for autopsies,'' and the death investigation statutes and practices in each state. By consolidating the terminology from these various information sources, we developed a list of death categories for which investigation by medical examiners or coroners in the United States is either mandated, commonly performed, or recommended. The list contains specific categories of death, which fall under these three more general areas: 1) unexpected and unexplained deaths, 2) deaths from intentional and unintentional external causes, and 3) deaths that fall under specialized categories related to the decedent's age, environment, or medical conditions, or to the method of bodily disposition. To promote greater uniformity in the death investigation practices among states, we recommend that the Model Postmortem Examinations Act be modified to explicitly recommend certain types of deaths for investigation and that states modify their death investigation statutes to conform to such provisions. Presently, in states where death investigation statutes lack specificity in detailing the types of deaths that should be reported for possible medico-legal investigation, our recommendations, if not in conflict with local statutes. might be used as practice guidelines for the reporting and investigation of certain types of deaths. RP HANZLICK, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 637 EP 643 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA NL936 UT WOS:A1994NL93600016 PM 8006611 ER PT J AU SALLIE, R SILVA, AE PURDY, M SMITH, H MCCAUSTLAND, K TIBBS, C PORTMANN, B EDDLESTON, A BRADLEY, D WILLIAMS, R AF SALLIE, R SILVA, AE PURDY, M SMITH, H MCCAUSTLAND, K TIBBS, C PORTMANN, B EDDLESTON, A BRADLEY, D WILLIAMS, R TI HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-E IN NON-A NON-B FULMINANT HEPATIC-FAILURE - A POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND SEROLOGICAL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ETIOLOGY; FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS E; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA; SEROLOGY ID ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; E VIRUS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN; LIVER; RNA AB A significant proportion of patients with fulminant hepatic failure have clinical, biochemical and histological features suggestive of acute viral hepatitis, without serological evidence of either hepatitis A or B. The contribution of hepatitis C to such cases of non-A non-B fulminant hepatic failure is presently uncertain while hepatitis E is well recognized as a cause of fulminant hepatic failure in endemic areas. Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of both hepatitis C and E virus as well as two serological assays for anti-hepatitis C virus and anti-hepatitis E virus western blotting (both IgG and IgM) were performed on acute sera of 42 consecutive cases of non A, non B-fulminant hepatic failure and on convalescent sera of 17 of 20 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Fresh liver tissue, obtained at the time of transplantation, was also studied by polymerase chain reaction in eight cases. Evidence of an acute hepatitis E virus infection (hepatitis E virus RNA amplified from serum by polymerase chain reaction or serum IgM positive to western blot) was found in eight patients. One patient had anti-HCV at presentation but assays on later sera proved negative. Convalescent sera and sera obtained after orthotopic liver transplantation were all negative to both anti-HCV assay systems, but HCV RNA was not found in either serum or liver tissue in any case. While these findings suggest sporadic hepatitis E virus infection may be an important cause of fulminant hepatitic failure outside endemic areas, most cases of presumed non A, non B-fulminant hepatic failure appear to be due to a viral agent(s) other than hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E, or to some as yet undefined toxic or metabolic process (C) Journal of Hepatology. C1 UNIV LONDON KINGS COLL,SCH MED & DENT,INST LIVER STUDIES,LONDON WC2R 2LS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 34 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 20 IS 5 BP 580 EP 588 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80343-5 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NN432 UT WOS:A1994NN43200004 PM 8071532 ER PT J AU BROWN, CC POLI, G LUBAKI, N STLOUIS, M DAVACHI, F MUSEY, L MANZILA, T KOVACS, A QUINN, TC FAUCI, AS AF BROWN, CC POLI, G LUBAKI, N STLOUIS, M DAVACHI, F MUSEY, L MANZILA, T KOVACS, A QUINN, TC FAUCI, AS TI ELEVATED LEVELS OF TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA IN ZAIRIAN NEONATE PLASMAS - IMPLICATIONS FOR PERINATAL INFECTION WITH THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES-B; CHILDREN; INTERLEUKIN-6; EXPRESSION; SERUM; INFANTS; TYPE-1; IL-6 AB Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and the ability of plasmas to induce HIV expression in chronically infected cell lines were measured in samples from adults, cord blood, and neonates from Zaire and North America. Plasma levels of TNF alpha were higher in Zairian neonates born to HIV-negative and -positive mothers than in uninfected Zairian adults (612 vs. 128 vs. 8 pg/mL, P < .001); this dichotomy persisted until children were 9 months old. Plasmas from neonates of HIV-negative Zairian mothers also stimulated higher levels of reverse transcriptase from HIV-infected cell lines than did plasmas from HIV-negative Zairian adults (1339 vs. 110 cpm, P < .001). Similar patterns were noted in plasmas from HIV-negative North American adults and neonates; however, TNF alpha levels were markedly lower, and smaller differences were noted among North American adults and neonates than those in the Zairian cohort. Markedly elevated plasma TNF alpha levels in Zairian neonates and infants may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of HIV disease in this patient population. C1 NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES CTY MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. MAMA YEMO HOSP,PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 975 EP 980 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600005 PM 8169428 ER PT J AU THOMAS, DL CANNON, RO SHAPIRO, CN HOOK, EW ALTER, MJ QUINN, TC AF THOMAS, DL CANNON, RO SHAPIRO, CN HOOK, EW ALTER, MJ QUINN, TC TI HEPATITIS-C, HEPATITIS-B, AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTIONS AMONG NON-INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USING PATIENTS ATTENDING CLINICS FOR SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; NON-A; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; FEMALE PROSTITUTES; TRANSMISSION; SEROPREVALENCE; HETEROSEXUALS; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB The seroprevalences of and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis were determined among 1257 consecutive non-intravenous drug-using patients attending Baltimore sexually transmitted diseases clinics: 122 (9.7%) had antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV), 192 (15.3%) had antibodies to HBV (anti-HBc), 44 (3.5%) had antibodies to HIV (anti-HIV), and 60 (4.8%) were seropositive for syphilis. For males, independent predictors of anti-HCV were age > 29 years and lack of condom use in the month before their visit. Males with any one serologic marker (anti-HCV, anti-HBc, anti-HIV, or syphilis) were more likely to have each of the other markers. For females, anti-HCV was independently associated with age > 29 years and > 1 male sex partner in the prior month. Females with anti-HIV or anti-HBc were more likely to have anti-HCV. These observations among non-intravenous drug-using patients suggest that sexual transmission of HCV may occur. C1 BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP THOMAS, DL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,1155 ROSS BLDG,720 RUTLAND AVE,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Quinn, Thomas/A-2494-2010 NR 25 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 990 EP 995 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600007 PM 8169429 ER PT J AU RIES, AA WELLS, JG OLIVOLA, D NTAKIBIRORA, M NYANDWI, S NTIBAKIVAYO, M IVEY, CB GREENE, KD TENOVER, FC WAHLQUIST, SP GRIFFIN, PM TAUXE, RV AF RIES, AA WELLS, JG OLIVOLA, D NTAKIBIRORA, M NYANDWI, S NTIBAKIVAYO, M IVEY, CB GREENE, KD TENOVER, FC WAHLQUIST, SP GRIFFIN, PM TAUXE, RV TI EPIDEMIC SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE TYPE-1 IN BURUNDI - PANRESISTANCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-BACILLUS DYSENTERY; CENTRAL-AMERICA; NALIDIXIC-ACID; CENTRAL-AFRICA; SHIGELLA-DYSENTERIAE-1; SALMONELLA; INFECTION; THERAPY; FECES AB An epidemic of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections has affected Africa since 1979. Reported dysentery cases increase sharply in Burundi during September through December. Of stool samples from 189 patients reporting bloody diarrhea in November 1990, a pathogen was identified in 123 (65%). The pathogen was S. dysenteriae type 1 in 82 (67%). All S. dysenteriae type 1 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Thirty-two specimens (26%) yielded other Shigella species. Patients with S. dysenteriae type 1 were more likely than those with other Shigella infections to have abdominal pain, ''lots of blood'' in the stool, blood in the stool specimen examined by the interviewer, recent contact with a person with dysentery, or recent antimicrobial treatment. Thus, the seasonal increase in dysentery was due largely to multidrug-resistant S. dysenteriae type 1, clinical and epidemiologic features may predict such infection, and efforts to control this epidemic must focus on preventing transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,BUJUMBURA,BURUNDI. RP RIES, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1041 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600014 PM 8169388 ER PT J AU THOMFORD, JW CONRAD, PA TELFORD, SR MATHIESEN, D BOWMAN, BH SPIELMAN, A EBERHARD, ML HERWALDT, BL QUICK, RE PERSING, DH AF THOMFORD, JW CONRAD, PA TELFORD, SR MATHIESEN, D BOWMAN, BH SPIELMAN, A EBERHARD, ML HERWALDT, BL QUICK, RE PERSING, DH TI CULTIVATION AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEWLY RECOGNIZED HUMAN PATHOGENIC PROTOZOAN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID THEILERIA-PARVA; BABESIA-MICROTI; INVITRO CULTIVATION; PARASITES; INFECTION; CELLS; CALIFORNIA; ANNULATA; MICE AB An intraerythrocytic protozoan (WA1) recently isolated from a patient in Washington State was shown to be morphologically identical to Babesia microti but biologically and genetically distinct. Continuous growth of WA1 was established in stationary erythrocyte cultures. Hybridization of a chemiluminescent Babesia-specific DNA probe to Southern blots of restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA showed that WA1 could be distinguished from other Babesia species that were antigenically cross-reactive (Babesia gibsoni and babesial parasites from desert bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis nelsoni) or known to infect humans (B. microti, Babesia divergens, and Babesia equi), or both. A 1436-bp portion of the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene of WA1 was sequenced and analyzed. Genetic distance analysis showed that WA1 is most closely related to the canine pathogen B. gibsoni and lies within a phylogenetic cluster with Theileria species and B. equi. The methodology described will be useful for improved diagnosis and identification of human protozoal pathogens. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,DIV EXPTL PATHOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,DIV CLIN MICROBIOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,DAVIS,CA. ROCHE MOLEC SYST,ALAMEDA,CA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30548, AI-32403]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-41497] NR 41 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 1050 EP 1056 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600016 PM 8169390 ER PT J AU VERNON, SD REEVES, WC CLANCY, KA LAGA, M STLOUIS, M GARY, HE RYDER, RW MANOKA, AT ICENOGLE, JP AF VERNON, SD REEVES, WC CLANCY, KA LAGA, M STLOUIS, M GARY, HE RYDER, RW MANOKA, AT ICENOGLE, JP TI A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNA DETECTION IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1-SEROPOSITIVE AND TYPE-1-SERONEGATIVE WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV-1 TAT PROTEIN; INFECTION AB Cervicovaginal lavage samples from 124 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive and 126 HIV-1-seronegative women were collected monthly for 8 months and tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. The estimated prevalence of HPV was 42.8% in HIV-1-seropositive and 13.4% in-seronegative women (P <.001). There was no significant difference in HPV DNA detection in HIV-1-seropositive women with CD4 cell counts of < 300/mm(3) (50% HPV-positive), 300-499/mm(3) (36.4% HPV-positive), or greater than or equal to 500/mm(3) (40.5% HPV-positive). However, HIV-1-seropositive women who were more immunocompromised, as indicated by lower CD4 cell counts, were more likely to shed HPV persistently. The quantity of HPV DNA detected in cervicovaginal lavage samples was similar in HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative women. This study further defined the characteristics of HPV infections in HIV-1-infected women. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. WHO,COLLABORATING CTR AIDS,INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP VERNON, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 1108 EP 1112 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600028 PM 8169402 ER PT J AU HELFAND, RF KHAN, AS PALLANSCH, MA ALEXANDER, JP MEYERS, HB DESANTIS, RA SCHONBERGER, LB ANDERSON, LJ AF HELFAND, RF KHAN, AS PALLANSCH, MA ALEXANDER, JP MEYERS, HB DESANTIS, RA SCHONBERGER, LB ANDERSON, LJ TI ECHOVIRUS-30 INFECTION AND ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN ATTENDING A CHILD-CARE CENTER SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CONTAMINATION; ANTIBODIES; DIARRHEA; VIRUS AB In July 1992, 13 parents with children attending a child care center (CCC) developed aseptic meningitis (AM) due to echovirus 30 (E30). To determine the extent of illness and risk factors for transmission, surveys and blood specimens were collected from CCC families and teachers and from adult and pediatric controls. Infection was defined as the presence of anti-E30 IgM antibodies. CCC parents (60%, 67/111) and children (75%, 79/105) had significantly higher infection rates than did teachers (14%, 3/22), adult controls (24%, 10/41), and pediatric controls (24%, 17/70). Infected CCC parents had more severe illness (18% [12/65] had AM; 11% [7/65] were hospitalized) than did infected CCC children (3% [2/79] had AM and 1% [1/79] were hospitalized). More frequent handwashing among teachers compared with parents and among mothers of toddlers was associated with significantly lower rates of infection (P less than or equal to .05). Education of parents about good handwashing practices may reduce transmission of E30 and other infectious agents from children to adults. C1 CTY ORANGE HLTH CARE AGCY,ORANGE,CA. HOAG MEM HOSP,NEWPORT BEACH,CA. RP HELFAND, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1137 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600034 PM 8169408 ER PT J AU MALONEY, SA WELBEL, S DAVES, B ADAMS, K BECKER, S BLAND, L ARDUINO, M WALLACE, R ZHANG, YS BUCK, G RISCH, P JARVIS, W AF MALONEY, SA WELBEL, S DAVES, B ADAMS, K BECKER, S BLAND, L ARDUINO, M WALLACE, R ZHANG, YS BUCK, G RISCH, P JARVIS, W TI MYCOBACTERIUM ABSCESSUS PSEUDOINFECTION TRACED TO AN AUTOMATED ENDOSCOPE WASHER - UTILITY OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; CONTAMINATION; BRONCHOSCOPES; OUTBREAK; MACHINE; DNA AB After 15 patients had positive cultures for Mycobacterium abscessus without evidence of infection (i.e., pseudoinfection) following endoscopy, retrospective cohort studies of patients undergoing endoscopy and microbiologic sampling of the environment were done to examine potential nosocomial transmission and to identify the source and risk factors for M. abscessus pseudoinfection. In the epidemic period, M. abscessus-positive cultures were significantly more likely to be obtained during bronchoscopy than gastroendoscopy (16/149 vs. 1/860, P < .001) and during procedures using bronchoscopes disinfected in an automated washer rather than by other methods (16/54 vs. 0/95, P < .001). M. abscessus was recovered from the automated washer, the inlet water feeding the washer, and a flexible bronchoscope. Environmental and case-patient isolates had identical large restriction fragment (LRF) patterns of genomic DNA separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Molecular typing using LRF analysis supported the epidemiologic results and demonstrate the utility of combined epidemiologic and laboratory investigations in nosocomial outbreaks of nontuberculous mycobacteria. C1 NORTON HOSP,LOUISVILLE,KY. DEPT HLTH SERV,FRANKFORT,KY. UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,TYLER,TX 75710. RP MALONEY, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS A07,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 15 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 169 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1169 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW346 UT WOS:A1994NW34600042 PM 8169416 ER PT J AU HOFFMANN, P HEINROTH, K RICHARDS, D PLEWS, P TORAASON, M AF HOFFMANN, P HEINROTH, K RICHARDS, D PLEWS, P TORAASON, M TI DEPRESSION OF CALCIUM DYNAMICS IN CARDIAC MYOCYTES - A COMMON MECHANISM OF HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON ANESTHETICS AND SOLVENTS SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CARDIOMYOCYTES; FURA-2; CA2+ TRANSIENTS; KCL DEPOLARIZATION; HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; SARCOLEMMAL MEMBRANE; SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM ID RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; NEONATAL RAT; INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; TRANSIENTS; THAPSIGARGIN; CONTRACTION; HALOTHANE; CELLS; CARDIOMYOCYTES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NIOSH, CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, NATL RES COUNCIL, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2828 EI 1095-8584 J9 J MOL CELL CARDIOL JI J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 26 IS 5 BP 579 EP 589 DI 10.1006/jmcc.1994.1070 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Cell Biology SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Cell Biology GA NN806 UT WOS:A1994NN80600003 PM 8072012 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE EMONT, SL BRACKBILL, RM CAMERON, LL PEDDICORD, J FIORE, MC AF NELSON, DE EMONT, SL BRACKBILL, RM CAMERON, LL PEDDICORD, J FIORE, MC TI CIGARETTE-SMOKING PREVALENCE BY OCCUPATION IN THE UNITED-STATES - A COMPARISON BETWEEN 1978 TO 1980 AND 1987 TO 1990 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CESSATION INCENTIVE PROGRAM; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CHEMICAL EMPLOYEES; WORKPLACE; EMPLOYMENT; PATTERNS; INTERVENTION; POLICIES; HABITS; ISSUES AB We analyzed data from 1987 to 1990 National Health Interview Surveys and compared them with 1978 to 1980 National Health Interview Surveys data to determine changes in cigarette smoking prevalence by occupation. During this period, cigarette smoking prevalence declined from 31.7% to 24.2% among white-collar workers, from 43.7% to 39.2% among blue-collar workers, and from 37.2% to 34.5% among service workers. For occupational groups, the largest significant declines in smoking prevalence occurred among male sales workers (10.5 percentage points), female and male managers and administrators (9.9 and 8.7 percentage points), female professional and technical workers (8.0 percentage points), and male transportation equipment operatives (7.5 percentage points). Analyses of 1987 to 1990 detailed occupation codes revealed that roofers (57.8%) and crane and tower operators (57.6%) had the highest prevalences of cigarette smoking, whereas physicians (5.4%) and clergy (6.5%) had the lowest smoking prevalences. Since 1978 to 1980, the differences in smoking prevalence by occupation have widened, providing further evidence that smoking has moved from a relatively common behavior practiced by most segments of society to one that has become more concentrated among selected subpopulations. Health professionals need to play an important role in encouraging smoking cessation among workers and in advising management and labor about the benefits of strong work-site smoking policies. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,CTR TOBACCO RES & INTERVENT,SCH MED,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP PEDDICORD, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 61 TC 142 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 36 IS 5 BP 516 EP 525 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NZ164 UT WOS:A1994NZ16400005 PM 8027876 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA CARSON, LA TABLAN, OC FITZSIMMONS, SC ROMAN, SB MILLER, JM JARVIS, WR SPOHN, W DIAKEW, D MCCOY, K JOHNSON, T WILMOTT, RW KOCIELA, VL BIVENS, K KANGA, JF CHRISTENSON, J WOODS, C REISMAN, J CICCALETAYLOR, L WILSON, WM HENNESSEY, R ECCELSTONE, ER HUNTER, E KEELY, K AF PEGUES, DA CARSON, LA TABLAN, OC FITZSIMMONS, SC ROMAN, SB MILLER, JM JARVIS, WR SPOHN, W DIAKEW, D MCCOY, K JOHNSON, T WILMOTT, RW KOCIELA, VL BIVENS, K KANGA, JF CHRISTENSON, J WOODS, C REISMAN, J CICCALETAYLOR, L WILSON, WM HENNESSEY, R ECCELSTONE, ER HUNTER, E KEELY, K TI ACQUISITION OF PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA AT SUMMER CAMPS FOR PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC-FIBROSIS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; COLONIZATION; TRANSMISSION; SPECIMENS AB To assess the risk of acquisition of Pseudomonas cepacia by person-to-person transmission at cystic fibrosis summer camps, we conducted in 1990 a study at three camps attended by patients with cystic fibrosis who had P. cepacia infection and patients without P. cepacia infection but who were considered susceptible to infection. We obtained sputum or throat cultures from campers on their arrival at, weekly during, at the end of, and 14 to 30 days after camp. We compared the incidence of sputum conversion of patients at camp with that of patients outside camp by culturing specimens from noncamper control subjects with cystic fibrosis who were known not to be infected less than or equal to 2 weeks before and 4 to 6 weeks after camp. We also determined the risk factors for P. cepacia acquisition by determining the relative risk of acquisition between campers who were exposed versus campers who were not exposed to campers known to be infected or to potential environmental sources of P. cepacia at camp. The ribotype of P. cepacia isolates from campers with sputum conversion was compared with that of isolates from other campers and from an environmental source. The cumulative incidence of sputum conversion during the study period was 6.1% (11/181) among campers compared with no incidence (0/92) among noncampers (p = 0.02, Fisher Exact Test). The incidence of sputum conversion at camp varied according to the prevalence of campers with known infection (p <0.001, chi-square test for trend). The rate of sputum conversion was higher in the camp with longer duration (relative risk = 12.0; 95% confidence interval = 2.7 to 53.5). Ribotyping showed that P. cepacia isolates from all 11 campers with sputum conversion were identical or similar (1 to 2 band difference) to isolates of other P. cepacia-infected campers including co-converters. These results suggest that P. cepacia can be acquired by patients with cystic fibrosis who are attending summer camp for such patients, possibly through person-to-person transmission, and that the risk increases with the prevalence of P. cepacia-infected campers and the duration of camp. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 124 IS 5 BP 694 EP 702 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81357-5 PN 1 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NK479 UT WOS:A1994NK47900006 PM 7513755 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI TRENDS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE DEATH IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY-WIDE PERSPECTIVE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE SURVEY; GENDER DIFFERENCES; TEMPORAL TRENDS; MORTALITY; RATES; CHOLESTEROL; MINNESOTA; ADULTS; RACE AB Coronary heart disease accounted for 489,171 deaths in 1990. Age-adjusted death rates decreased faster between 1976 and 1990 for white men than for white women or blacks. Out of hospital death rates for coronary heart disease decreased in the 1980s. Hospital fatality rates for acute myocardial infarction continued a long-term decrease through 1990. Trends in risk factors and invasive procedures support the conclusion that risk factor reduction has resulted in reduced incidence of acute myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death and that improvements in medical care have resulted in a continued decrease in acute myocardial infarction fatalities and overall coronary deaths. RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 34 TC 173 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1277 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA PH372 UT WOS:A1994PH37200001 PM 8176083 ER PT J AU DAVIS, H GERGEN, PJ AF DAVIS, H GERGEN, PJ TI MEXICAN-AMERICAN MOTHERS REPORTS OF THE WEIGHTS AND HEIGHTS OF CHILDREN 6 MONTHS THROUGH 11 YEARS OLD SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE WEIGHT; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY; ADOLESCENTS; ACCURACY AB Objective To determine the accuracy Of mothers' reports of their children's weights and heights. Design and Setting Cross-sectional survey of Mexican Americans in five southwestern states. Subjects Interviews were held with mothers of 2,578 children aged 6 months to 11 years old. Main outcome measures Sensitivity and specificity of categories formed from reported values, and correlation of reported and measured values. Results Probability of mothers answering ''don't know'' was 24% for children's weights and 51% for heights. On the average, mothers overestimated weights at the 15th percentile or lower for age and sex and underestimated weights at the 85th percentile or higher. On the average, they underestimated heights. Categories of low and high weight, height, and body mass index were created by applying absolute-value cutoffs to reported values. All the categories had low sensitivity or specificity. Age-group-specific correlation coefficients between reported and measured values ranged from .79 to .89 for weight and from.32 (for 6- through 23-month-olds) to .70 (for 9- through 11-year-olds) for height. Applications The use of categories formed by applying absolute-value cutoffs to mother-reported values results in frequent misclassification of individuals. Therefore, such categories should not be used to estimate relative risks associated with weight, height, and body mass index. The good correlation of mother-reported and measured weights indicates that despite their inaccuracies, reported weights well reflect the relative ranking of measured weights. Thus, the use of reported weights as a continuous variable in multivariate analyses might cause only small errors in the coefficient for weight. C1 NIAID,DIV ALLERGY IMMUNOL & TRANSPLANTAT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP DAVIS, H (reprint author), US AGCY INT DEV,1111 N 19TH ST,SUITE 300,ROSSLYN,VA 22209, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 94 IS 5 BP 512 EP 516 DI 10.1016/0002-8223(94)90213-5 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA NL847 UT WOS:A1994NL84700008 PM 8176125 ER PT J AU OETTINGER, CW BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS AF OETTINGER, CW BLAND, LA OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK FAVERO, MS TI THE EFFECT OF UREMIA ON TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA RELEASE AFTER AN IN-VITRO WHOLE-BLOOD ENDOTOXIN CHALLENGE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDOTOXIN; HEMODIALYSIS; CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE; CYTOKINES; ELISA ID FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; FACTOR TNF; HEMODIALYSIS; PLASMA; STIMULATION; RECEPTORS; INTERLEUKIN-1; COMPLEMENT; RESPONSES AB Uremia has been associated with immunologic aberrations, including anergy, increased susceptibility to infections, and reduced phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In this study, cytokine release in uremic and nonuremic blood after in vitro endotoxin stimulation was studied. Blood from nonuremic controls, chronic renal failure patients not on dialysis, and chronic hemodialysis patients predialysis and postdialysis was spiked with 10 ng/mL of Escherichia coli endotoxin and incubated for 2 and 26 h. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentrations were determined by ELISA after each incubation period. To further study which uremic blood component may be responsible for enhanced release of TNFalpha, plasma and cellular components of chronic renal failure patients and controls were switched and then given an in vitro endotoxin stimulation (1 ng/mL). It was found that (1) TNFalpha release is enhanced by uremia and is exacerbated with progressive declines in renal function, (2) enhanced TNFalpha release is related to a blood cellular phenomenon induced by uremia, and (3) enhanced TNFalpha release in hemodialysis patients is associated with a prolonged stimulation and/or reduced plasma elimination of TNFalpha. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. MERCER UNIV,SCH PHARM,DEPT PHARMACEUT SCI,ATLANTA,GA. DIALYSIS CLIN INC,ATLANTA,GA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1890 EP 1895 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA NN756 UT WOS:A1994NN75600009 PM 7919140 ER PT J AU WARWICK, JJ HANESS, SJ AF WARWICK, JJ HANESS, SJ TI EFFICACY OF ARC/INFO GIS APPLICATION TO HYDROLOGIC MODELING SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEM AB A hypothetical water shed was constructed to test the efficacy of using the ARC/INFO geographic information system to provide spatially related input for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HEC-1 hydrologic model. The ARC/INFO system performed the tedious and time-consuming tasks of spatial averaging (basin areas, average runoff curve numbers. etc.) quite well. Difficulties, however, were encountered in using the TIN (triangulated irregular network) module to accurately assess average rainfall intensities. The inaccuracies associated with the computation of average basin rainfall intensities were quantified by using a defined rainfall pattern imposed upon a simple geometric shape (equilateral triangle) and were found to be directly related to the number of prescribed contouring intervals. The highest density of contouring intervals (0.010 nm) resulted in only a 0.55% overestimation. The number and location of rain gages relative to watershed boundaries imparted a significant error (approximately +/- 10%) to average rainfall estimation. C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WARWICK, JJ (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,GRAD PROGRAM HYDROL HYDROGEOL,RENO,NV 89512, USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 120 IS 3 BP 366 EP 381 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1994)120:3(366) PG 16 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA NG409 UT WOS:A1994NG40900007 ER PT J AU ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG NICHOL, S ZAKI, S CHILDS, J SPIROPOULOU, C MORZUNOV, S FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A KREBS, J KHAN, AS MARTIN, ML ORONOZPEREZ, G PETERS, CJ AF ROLLIN, PE KSIAZEK, TG NICHOL, S ZAKI, S CHILDS, J SPIROPOULOU, C MORZUNOV, S FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A KREBS, J KHAN, AS MARTIN, ML ORONOZPEREZ, G PETERS, CJ TI MICE AND HUMANS - THE STORY OF AN UNANNOUNCED OUTBREAK SO MEDECINE ET MALADIES INFECTIEUSES LA French DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Colloquium on the Epidemiological Control of Infectious Diseases CY MAY 27, 1994 CL INST PASTEUR, PARIS, FRANCE HO INST PASTEUR DE HANTAVIRUS; HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; EMERGING DISEASE; USA; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS AB In May 1993, a pulmonary disease syndrome with novel clinical and epidemiologic features was identified in the southwestern United States. Healthy young adults developed a febrile prodrome followed by the rapid onset of often lethal acute respiratory distress. Although an infectious disease was suspected, intensive investigations initially failed to identify the causative agent. Multiple specialized microbiology laboratories in a national reference center applied classic serologic and culture methods as well as recently developed molecular biological techniques to samples collected from field investigations of the patients. Serologic tests detected the presence of an active immune response to a hantavirus. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification of RNA extracted from human tissues used primers designed from sequences of known hantaviruses to demonstrate genomic sequences of a novel hantavirus. Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of hantavirus antigens in the endothelium of lung tissues from patients and provided a final pathogenetic link to this group of viruses. These methods were concordantly positive in virtually all samples available from 18 patients with compatible clinical histories identified between January and July 1993. Tests of control subjects and searches for other agents in identified cases were negative. A newly recognized hantavirus causes a novel syndrome of acute pulmonary edema and shock; the pathogenesis is related to the presence of virus antigens in the pulmonary capillaries. This virus may be an important cause of severe and fatal disease presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome in otherwise healthy persons. The Centers for Disease Control in collaboration with state and local health departments has begun a national surveillance program to determine the incidence of this newly described disease and is coordinating longitudinal and wider geographic studies of the natural history virus-rodent relationship. RP ROLLIN, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC FRANCAISE EDITION MED PI PARIS PA 22-24 RUE DU CHATEAU RENTIERS, 75013 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0399-077X J9 MED MALADIES INFECT JI Med. Mal. Infect. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 24 SI SI BP 517 EP 520 DI 10.1016/S0399-077X(05)81258-2 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA NQ944 UT WOS:A1994NQ94400004 ER PT J AU LILLIBRIDGE, SR BURKLE, FM NOJI, EK AF LILLIBRIDGE, SR BURKLE, FM NOJI, EK TI DISASTER MITIGATION AND HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE TRAINING FOR UNIFORMED SERVICE MEDICAL PERSONNEL SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP LILLIBRIDGE, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 159 IS 5 BP 397 EP 403 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PH155 UT WOS:A1994PH15500013 PM 14620411 ER PT J AU SINGLETON, RJ DAVIDSON, NM DESMET, IJ BERNER, JE WAINWRIGHT, RB BULKOW, LR LILLY, CM SIBER, GR AF SINGLETON, RJ DAVIDSON, NM DESMET, IJ BERNER, JE WAINWRIGHT, RB BULKOW, LR LILLY, CM SIBER, GR TI DECLINE OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B DISEASE IN A REGION OF HIGH-RISK - IMPACT OF PASSIVE AND ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B; VACCINE; GLOBULIN ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; POLYSACCHARIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFANTS; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; ALASKA AB Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a major cause of serious childhood bacterial infections. Before 1989 Alaska Native infants in the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) had the highest recorded Hib disease rate, 2960:100 000 in children less than 1 year of age with 6 to 35 (mean, 13) cases/year between 1980 and 1988. In July, 1989, Alaska Area Native Health Service initiated a passive immunization project in the YKD using bacterial polysaccharide immunoglobulin (BPIG) administered at 3-month intervals to prevent Hib infections in infants less than 13 months of age. On January 1, 1991, after licensure of Hib conjugate vaccines for infants, the program was modified to a passive-active strategy using BPIG at birth and PedvaxHIB (R) at 2, 4 and 12 months of age. Between July 1, 1989, and December 31, 1990, 80% of YKD children less than 1 year of age received at least 1 dose of BPIG. During this period there were 7 Hib cases in this age group, but only 1 of the cases had received any BPIG. Between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992, 4 Hib cases occurred in 2 YKD children. During the combined period, July 1, 1989, to December 31, 1992, the incidence of Hib disease for infants less than 1 year of age was 302:100 000. A dramatic decrease in Bib disease was observed in this high incidence region concurrent with implementation of passive and passive-active immunization strategies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SINGLETON, RJ (reprint author), ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SERV,250 GAMBELL ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 362 EP 367 DI 10.1097/00006454-199405000-00006 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NL215 UT WOS:A1994NL21500005 PM 8072817 ER PT J AU BUFFINGTON, J REPORTER, R LASKER, BA MCNEIL, MM LANSON, JM ROSS, LA MASCOLA, L JARVIS, WR AF BUFFINGTON, J REPORTER, R LASKER, BA MCNEIL, MM LANSON, JM ROSS, LA MASCOLA, L JARVIS, WR TI INVESTIGATION OF AN EPIDEMIC OF INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS - UTILITY OF MOLECULAR TYPING WITH THE USE OF RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA PROBES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIC ASPERGILLOSIS; MOLECULAR TYPING; DNA PROBES ID RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION; FLAVUS GROUP; RISK FACTOR; FUMIGATUS; MITOCHONDRIAL; PARASITICUS; INFECTIONS AB When seven immunocompromised patients developed invasive aspergillosis during construction at a hospital, new methods were performed to compare fungal isolates and a case-control study was conducted to determine risks for infection. Typing of Aspergillus flavus with the use of restriction endonuclease analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism using random amplified polymorphic DNA reactions to generate DNA probes revealed different patterns between isolates from two patients and a similar pattern among those from one patient, a health care worker, and an environmental source. Case patients were more likely than controls to have longer periods of hospitalization (median, 83 vs. 24 days; P < 0.01), neutropenia (median, 33 vs. 6 days; P < 0.05), and exposure to broad spectrum antimicrobials (median, 56 vs. 15 days; P = 0.08). No patients restricted to protected areas developed aspergillosis. Risk of exposure of immunocompromised patients to opportunistic organisms stirred up by construction activity may be decreased by admitting these patients to protected areas away from construction activity and by restricting traffic from construction sites to these areas. Although typing of A. flavus isolates did not reveal a single type or source of organism responsible for infection, this method may facilitate epidemiologic investigation of possible nosocomial sources and transmission in similar settings. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS,LOS ANGELES,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90027. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1097/00006454-199405000-00011 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NL215 UT WOS:A1994NL21500010 PM 7915415 ER PT J AU KING, GE HADLER, SC AF KING, GE HADLER, SC TI SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF CHILDHOOD VACCINES - AN IMPORTANT PUBLIC-HEALTH POLICY THAT IS SAFE AND EFFICACIOUS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CHILDHOOD VACCINATION; ADVERSE EVENTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; ALASKA NATIVE INFANTS; YOUNG GAMBIAN INFANTS; B HBOC VACCINE; SEROLOGIC RESPONSES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; IMMUNOGENICITY; POLYSACCHARIDE; CHILDREN RP KING, GE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MS-E61,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 63 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 13 IS 5 BP 394 EP 407 DI 10.1097/00006454-199405000-00012 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NL215 UT WOS:A1994NL21500011 PM 8072822 ER PT J AU GRIESEMER, DA BARTON, LL REESE, CM JOHNSON, PC GABRIELSEN, JAB TALWAR, D VISVESVARA, GS AF GRIESEMER, DA BARTON, LL REESE, CM JOHNSON, PC GABRIELSEN, JAB TALWAR, D VISVESVARA, GS TI AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS CAUSED BY BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS SO PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Note ID LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; ENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT AB Free-living amebae etiologically associated with central nervous system (CNS) infection in children have included Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and recently, leptomyxid ameba. Two previously healthy children are reported with CNS infection caused by leptomyxid ameba, recently classified as Balamuthia mandrillaris. One child, a 27-month-old boy, had right hemiparesis and aphasia, and the other, a 13-year-old girl, had headache, right hemiparesis, diplopia, and left facial weakness. Cerebrospinal fluid studies of both children revealed a mononuclear pleocytosis and mildly elevated protein. The younger child developed seizures and progressive cerebrovascular occlusions; both developed hydrocephalus and coma progressing to death 16 days after onset of symptoms. The younger child at autopsy had necrotizing meningoencephalitis, left internal carotid arteritis, and amebic trophozoites and cysts in brain. Perivascular trophozoites were difficult to distinguish morphologically from macrophages in the older child, who had no cyst forms. Indirect immunofluorescence test revealed CNS infection with B. mandrillaris in both. This leptomyxid ameba, formerly considered an innocuous soil organism, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of progressive or atypical childhood stroke. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,INFECT DIS SECT,TUCSON,AZ 85724. UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,PEDIAT NEUROL SECT,TUCSON,AZ 85724. UNIV ARIZONA,ARIZONA HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PATHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85724. ST JOSEPHS HOSP,BARROW NEUROL INST,DEPT NEUROPATHOL,PHOENIX,AZ. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP GRIESEMER, DA (reprint author), MED UNIV S CAROLINA,DEPT NEUROL,DIV PEDIAT NEUROL,171 ASHLEY AVE,CHARLESTON,SC 29425, USA. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0887-8994 J9 PEDIATR NEUROL JI Pediatr. Neurol. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 DI 10.1016/0887-8994(94)90034-5 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Pediatrics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics GA NM780 UT WOS:A1994NM78000014 PM 8060431 ER PT J AU WILLINGER, M HOFFMAN, HJ HARTFORD, RB AF WILLINGER, M HOFFMAN, HJ HARTFORD, RB TI INFANT SLEEP POSITION AND RISK FOR SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME - REPORT OF MEETING HELD JANUARY 13 AND 14, 1994, NATIONAL-INSTITUTES-OF-HEALTH, BETHESDA, MD SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME ID COT DEATH; TASMANIA; COHORT AB Objective. To evaluate the current knowledge on the relationship between infant sleep position and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and to determine how the information can be used to guide further activities in the United States. Methods. Data from international vital statistics, epidemiologic studies of SIDS risk factors, and studies of outcomes of public health interventions that advocated nonprone sleeping to reduce the risk for SIDS were discussed at a meeting held by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) with co-sponsorship from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) on January 13, and 14, 1994. Results. Trends in postneonatal mortality and SIDS rates from 1980 through 1992 were evaluated for Australia, Britain, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States. All of the countries that experienced a rapid decline in prone sleeping also had reductions of approximately 50% in their SIDS rates. Postneonatal mortality rates dropped as well, with the reduction in SIDS being the primary contributor to the reported declines. The major behavioral change in all targeted populations was in sleep position. No significant changes were observed in the proportion of parents who smoked cigarettes, or in breast-feeding. Preliminary data from population-based studies showed there were no reported adverse outcomes associated with a change to side or back sleep position, such as an increase in deaths due to aspiration or in apparent life-threatening events. Conclusion. The overwhelming opinion of the assembled experts was that the evidence justified greater effort to reach parents with the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation that healthy infants, when being put down to sleep, be positioned on their side or back. C1 NIDCD,OFF DIRECTOR,EPIDEMIOL STAT & DATA SYST BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF INT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP WILLINGER, M (reprint author), NICHHD,CTR RES MOTHERS & CHILDREN,PREGNANCY & PERINATOL BRANCH,BLDG 6100,4B03D,6100 EXECUT BLVD,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 45 TC 195 Z9 197 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1994 VL 93 IS 5 BP 814 EP 819 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NJ374 UT WOS:A1994NJ37400022 PM 8165085 ER PT J AU VANASSEMA, P STEENBAKKERS, M KOK, G ERIKSEN, M DEVRIES, H AF VANASSEMA, P STEENBAKKERS, M KOK, G ERIKSEN, M DEVRIES, H TI RESULTS OF THE DUTCH COMMUNITY PROJECT HEALTHY BERGEYK SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID CANCER AB Background. This article reports on the results of a community health project that was implemented in the Dutch municipality of Bergeyk. The major goal was to reduce four cancer-related risk behaviors: smoking, high fat consumption, excessive alcohol use, and exposure to artificial sunlight. A control community received no new intervention. Intervention methods included mass media messages, self-help materials, small group activities, lectures, and structural activities. Community organization principles such as a social network approach, community participation, and intersectoral cooperation were applied in the project. Methods. Data were collected from both communities among cohort research samples on three occasions using telephone interviews. Results. The results indicate a significant reduction in fat intake in the experimental community. No other significant behavioral effects were found. Further analysis among respondents in the experimental condition showed that those personally exposed to the project as indicated by familiarity with and discussion about the project, had a greater decrease in fat consumption between baseline survey and second post-test than those who were not. Also, the percentage of smokers who quit between baseline survey and second post-test was greater among those who knew about the project than among those who did not. Finally, discriminant analysis was used to further examine the determinants of project exposure. Community involvement, marital status, education, and sex were related to project exposure. Conclusions. It is concluded that with the time limitations of the project in mind, the findings are encouraging. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VANASSEMA, P (reprint author), UNIV LIMBURG,DEPT HLTH EDUC,POB 616,6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Kok, Gerjo/F-4445-2012 NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 23 IS 3 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1006/pmed.1994.1054 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA NT193 UT WOS:A1994NT19300018 PM 8078862 ER PT J AU FARNHAM, PG AF FARNHAM, PG TI DEFINING AND MEASURING THE COSTS OF THE HIV EPIDEMIC TO BUSINESS FIRMS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-CARE; HEALTH PROMOTION; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; AIDS; FORECASTS; EMPLOYEES; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES AB Most published estimates of the costs of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been developed from the societal perspective, attempting to measure the burden of the epidemic to society in this country. Although societal cost analysis is well-developed, relatively little is known about many of the factors influencing the costs of the epidemic to business firms. The business community may bear a substantial portion of those costs in the form of health-related benefits provided to workers. Other effects of the epidemic in the workplace are related to fears and stigma associated with the illness. The author compares frameworks for analyzing the costs of the epidemic to the business community and to society. Societal costs include direct costs, the resources used in providing health care, and indirect costs, the resources lost to society as a result of the epidemic. Costs to business include illness-based employment costs, legal or administrative costs, prevention costs, perception-based employment costs, care giver costs, and nonmonetary costs. Not all societal costs are borne by business, and businesses may incur costs that are not traditionally measured from the societal perspective. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,OFF ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARNHAM, PG (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ568 UT WOS:A1994NQ56800002 PM 8190854 ER PT J AU KIRBY, D SHORT, L COLLINS, J RUGG, D KOLBE, L HOWARD, M MILLER, B SONENSTEIN, F ZABIN, LS AF KIRBY, D SHORT, L COLLINS, J RUGG, D KOLBE, L HOWARD, M MILLER, B SONENSTEIN, F ZABIN, LS TI SCHOOL-BASED PROGRAMS TO REDUCE SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS - A REVIEW OF EFFECTIVENESS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Review ID PREGNANCY PREVENTION PROGRAM; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; URBAN TEENAGERS; EDUCATION; IMPACT; AIDS; STUDENTS; SERVICES; CLINICS AB This review was undertaken in recognition of the mounting public health and social problems associated with adolescent sexual behavior and the importance of basing school-affiliated programs designed to reduce sexual risk-taking behavior on sound research. The authors were commissioned by the Division of Adolescent and School Health within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, to review carefully the research on these programs and to assess their impact on behavior. The authors identified 23 studies of school-based programs that were published in professional journals and measured program impact on behavior. They then summarized the results of those studies, identifying the distinguishing characteristics of effective programs, and citing important research questions to be addressed in the future. Not all sex and AIDS education programs had significant effects on adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior, but specific programs did delay the initiation of intercourse, reduce the frequency of intercourse, reduce the number of sexual partners, or increase the use of condoms or other contraceptives. These effective programs have the potential to reduce exposure to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease, including HIV infection. These programs should be replicated widely in U.S. schools. Additional research is needed to improve the effectivness of programs and to clarify the most important characteristics of effective programs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NCCDPHP,DASH EVALUAT RES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GYNECOL & OBSTET,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FAMILY & HUMAN DEV,LOGAN,UT 84322. URBAN INST,CTR POPULAT STUDIES,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP KIRBY, D (reprint author), ETR ASSOCIATES,RES,POB 1830,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95061, USA. NR 60 TC 328 Z9 334 U1 2 U2 18 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 339 EP 360 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ568 UT WOS:A1994NQ56800005 PM 8190857 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSCROWE, SM AULTMAN, TV AF WILLIAMSCROWE, SM AULTMAN, TV TI STATE HEALTH AGENCIES AND THE LEGISLATIVE POLICY PROCESS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-POLICY; EDUCATION AB A new era of health care reform places increasing pressure on public health leaders and agencies to participate in the public policy arena. Public health professionals have long been comfortable in providing the scientific knowledge base required in policy development. What has been more recent in its evolution, however, is recognition that they must also play an active role in leading and shaping the debate over policy. A profile of effective State legislative policy ''entrepreneurs'' and their strategies has been developed to assist health agencies in developing such a leadership position. Based on the experiences of State legislative liaison officers, specific strategies for dealing with State legislatures have been identified and are organized into five key areas-agency organization, staff skills, communications, negotiation, and active ongoing involvement. A public health agency must be organized effectively to participate in the legislative policy process. Typically, effective agencies centralize responsibility for policy activities and promote broad and coordinated participation throughout the organization. Playing a key role in the agency's political interventions, the legislative liaison office should be staffed with persons possessing excellent interpersonal skills and a high degree of technical competence. Of central importance to effective legislative policy entrepreneurship is the ability to communicate the agency's position clearly. This includes setting forward a focused policy agenda, documenting policy issues in a meaningful manner, and reaching legislators with the proper information. Once a matter is on the legislative agenda, the agency must be prepared to negotiate and build broad support for the measure. Finally, public health agencies must be active policy players. To take advantage of new opportunities for action, the public health (policy) leader must monitor the political environment continually. By working to anticipate and formulate legislation, health officials can form meaningful relationships with legislators and the community, which are the cornerstones of political strength. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV PUBL HLTH SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 361 EP 367 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ568 UT WOS:A1994NQ56800006 PM 8190858 ER PT J AU GIFT, HC CORBIN, SB NOWJACKRAYMER, RE AF GIFT, HC CORBIN, SB NOWJACKRAYMER, RE TI PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE OF PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ORAL HEALTH; ATTITUDES; PHYSICIANS; CHILDREN AB The authors present data describing the level and extent of the general public's knowledge of oral diseases and their prevention. They discuss data from the 1990 National Health Interview Survey's Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement in the context of national oral health objectives. They focus on demographic and socioeconomic differences seen in the public's knowledge of the preventive purposes of fluorides and dental sealants for dental caries and of symptoms of gum disease. Reported low levels of knowledge regarding oral disease symptoms and their prevention show the continuing trend reported during the past decade. Racial and ethnic minorities and groups with low levels of formal education demonstrate the least knowledge of prevention of oral diseases. For example, 76 percent of those with more than 12 years of schooling know the preventive purpose of water fluoridation, compared with 61 percent of those with 12 years, and 36 percent of those with less than 12 years of school. Efforts to increase levels of knowledge about oral disease prevention are required to achieve national objectives for oral health. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GIFT, HC (reprint author), NIDR,EPIDEMIOL & ORAL DIS PREVENT PROGRAM,DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ568 UT WOS:A1994NQ56800011 PM 8190863 ER PT J AU BAYONA, M LEAVERTON, PE RANGELSHARPLESS, MC WILLIAMS, PD AF BAYONA, M LEAVERTON, PE RANGELSHARPLESS, MC WILLIAMS, PD TI SHORT-COURSE TRAINING IN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS FOR GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE PUBLIC-HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The University of South Florida has developed short courses of 2 to 3 days in epidemiology and biostatistics geared to public health workers. A key focus is providing skills which will assist local and State public health units to assess their status and measure progress with respect to achieving their explicitly stated health objectives for the year 2000. The courses were developed after the identification of the training needs in health departments and other public health settings. The training objectives were (a) to enhance the biostatistics skills of professionals involved in the analysis of health data; (b) to reinforce basic knowledge of epidemiologic methods and its practical applications in public health settings, including measures of disease frequency and association, epidemic outbreak investigations, and the identification and use of surveillance data; and (c) to demonstrate the application of the risk factor approach to select the interventions needed to reach health objectives for year 2000 and how to evaluate such interventions. A total of 43 students have taken this course series. Professional staff in health departments cannot always enroll in formal training in epidemiology and biostatistics because of time limitations or a lack of a bachelor's degree. However, the need exists. An alternative to such training could be the short course program described in this paper. C1 UNIV S FLORIDA,COLL PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,TAMPA,FL 33612. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF PLANNING & EXTERNAL PROGRAMS,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 434 EP 438 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ568 UT WOS:A1994NQ56800016 PM 8190868 ER PT J AU DEAN, AG AF DEAN, AG TI MICROCOMPUTERS AND THE FUTURE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Workshop on Microcomputers and the Future of Epidemiology was held March 8-9, 1993, at the Turner Conference Center, Atlanta, GA, with 130 public health professionals participating. The purpose of the workshop was to define microcomputer needs in epidemiology and to propose future initiatives. Thirteen groups representing public health disciplines defined their needs for better and more useful data, development of computer technology appropriate to epidemiology, user support and human infrastructure development, and global communication and planning. Initiatives proposed were demonstration of health surveillance systems, new software and hardware, computer-based training, projects to establish or improve data bases and community access to data bases, improved international communication, conferences on microcomputer use in particular disciplines, a suggestion to encourage competition in the production of public-domain software, and long-range global planning for epidemiologic computing and data management. Other interested groups are urged to study, modify, and implement those ideas. RP DEAN, AG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,MS C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 109 IS 3 BP 439 EP 441 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NQ568 UT WOS:A1994NQ56800017 PM 7910692 ER PT J AU SEIDMAN, SN STERKELIFSON, C ARAL, SO AF SEIDMAN, SN STERKELIFSON, C ARAL, SO TI HIGH-RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AMONG DRUG-USING MEN SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COCAINE USE; CRACK COCAINE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE; HIV-INFECTION; GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SCREENING-TEST; SAN-FRANCISCO AB Background and Objectives: Drug-using men are at high risk for acquisition and transmission of STD, presumably due to the risky behaviors practiced in environments of drug use. Goal of this Study: To study behaviors associated with STD transmission among drug-using men. Study Design: Drug outreach workers distributed vouchers to self-identified drug-using men in urban Atlanta. Vouchers could be redeemed for cash at a storefront clinic where subjects provided urine for a urethritis screening test (leukocyte esterase test) and a drug screen, and were interviewed. Results: Of 382 voucher recipients, 252 (66%) came to the clinic. Subjects were predominantly black (92%), homeless (70%), and aged 20 to 40 (88%). All used illicit drugs; none were currently receiving drug abuse treatment. Urine drug screen confirmed recent cocaine use in 63%, and recent opiate use in 4%. Three-fourths reported a history of STD, mostly gonerrhea. In the preceding 3 months, 14% had not had sex, 80% had sex exclusively with women, 4% had sex with both men and women, and 2% had sex exclusively with men. Of the heterosexually active men, 29% had 5 or more recent partners. Compared to other heterosexually active men, these men were more likely to always use alcohol or crack before having sex (prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-2.5) and to drink alcohol every day (PR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.3). Daily crack use was associated with choosing partners at elevated STD risk; daily alcohol use with having more partners. Positive drug screen for cocaine was associated with self-reported crack use. Urethritis, detected in 16%, was not correlated with behavior. Conclusion: A substantial number of drug-using men practice high-risk sexual behavior and should be targeted for intervention. Monetary and other incentives should be considered for recruitment. Further study is needed to clarify the relationship between sexual behavior, cocaine use, and STD. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 21 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1097/00007435-199405000-00008 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA NN124 UT WOS:A1994NN12400008 PM 8073346 ER PT J AU DEROSA, C AF DEROSA, C TI AGENCY FOR TOXIC-SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRYS TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILES - CONTRIBUTION TO PUBLIC-HEALTH SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP DEROSA, C (reprint author), AGCY TOXIC SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PQ044 UT WOS:A1994PQ04400001 PM 7855861 ER PT J AU FAROON, OM WILLIAMS, M OCONNOR, R AF FAROON, OM WILLIAMS, M OCONNOR, R TI A REVIEW OF THE CARCINOGENICITY OF CHEMICALS MOST FREQUENTLY FOUND AT NATIONAL-PRIORITIES LIST SITES SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE ANIMAL CANCER; ARSENIC; CADMIUM; CARCINOGENICITY; CHLOROFORM; HUMAN CANCER; NICKEL ID CADMIUM PRODUCTION WORKERS; COPPER SMELTER WORKERS; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; DISEASE ENDEMIC AREA; RESPIRATORY CANCER; HEPATIC ANGIOSARCOMA; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS; DRINKING-WATER AB Several studies have shown that numerous National Priorities List (NPL) sites have been contaminated with arsenic (747), cadmium (791), chloroform (596), or nickel (664). The National Toxicology Program (NTP, 1991) has classified these substances as known human carcinogens (arsenic and certain arsenic compounds) or as substances that may reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens (cadmium and certain cadmium compounds, chloroform, and nickel and certain nickel compounds). The general population is probably exposed to low levels of these hazardous substances through drinking water, eating food, or inhaling contaminated air. People working or living near industries and facilities that manufacture and use chloroform, nickel, arsenic, or cadmium may be exposed to higher than background levels of these hazardous substances. Multiple pathways of exposure may exist for populations near hazardous waste sites. For example, high levels of chloroform (1,890 ppb) were found in well water near a waste site; high levels of cadmium exposure may exist for individuals living near cadmium-contaminated waste sites. RP FAROON, OM (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOXIC SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 149 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 203 EP 230 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA PQ044 UT WOS:A1994PQ04400009 PM 7855869 ER PT J AU REDD, SC PATRICK, E VREULS, R METSING, M MOTEETEE, M AF REDD, SC PATRICK, E VREULS, R METSING, M MOTEETEE, M TI COMPARISON OF THE CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PEDIATRIC PNEUMONIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LOWER RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; CHEST RADIOGRAPHS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; CHILDREN; SIGNS; ROENTGENOGRAMS; ADMISSION; INFANTS AB Pneumonia causes 3.2 million deaths per year in children under 5 years old according to the World Health Organization. In spite of the number of deaths, no single clinical or radiological definition for the diagnosis of pneumonia is widely accepted. To determine the extent of agreement between clinical and radiographic diagnoses of pneumonia, we compared the clinical diagnoses made by an experienced paediatrician with diagnoses based on a paediatric radiologist's interpretation of chest radiographs. In 226 children with respiratory illness brought to a hospital outpatient department in Lesotho, pneumonia was the clinical diagnosis for 39 and the radiographic diagnosis for 40; however, for only 19 children did the 2 diagnoses concur. Children with a radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia tended to have been ill longer, to be older, and to be more likely to have a technically adequate radiograph than children with negative radiographs, independent of the clinical diagnosis. In this comparison, radiographic and clinical diagnoses for pneumonia differed substantially. Some of this discrepancy may be explained by misinterpretation of suboptimal films and different rates of evolution of radiographic and clinical manifestations of pneumonia. Radiographic studies and clinical evaluations produced complementary data in this evaluation: of the 60 children with clinical or radiographic evidence of pneumonia, 14 would not have been treated with an antimicrobial drug without radiography. Wider availability of radiography is needed to supplement clinical examination for the diagnosis of pneumonia, and may be particularly valuable in children more than 18 months old, those who have been ill for more than 6 d, and those with fever. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MINIST HLTH,MASERU,LESOTHO. RP REDD, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 88 IS 3 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90092-2 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NX711 UT WOS:A1994NX71100019 PM 7974671 ER PT J AU BUFFINGTON, J SHAPIRO, CN HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW GROSSMAN, BJ WILLIAMS, AE ALTER, MJ SCHONBERGER, LB AF BUFFINGTON, J SHAPIRO, CN HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW GROSSMAN, BJ WILLIAMS, AE ALTER, MJ SCHONBERGER, LB TI MULTIPLE UNCONFIRMED-REACTIVE SCREENING-TESTS FOR VIRAL ANTIBODIES AMONG BLOOD-DONORS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA AB Background: In December 1991, the United States Food and Drug Administration received reports of blood donations with unconfirmed reactivity on screening tests for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus type I, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Of 91 donors with these test results, 57 (63%) reported a recent influenza vaccination. Study Design and Methods:To determine the extent of unconfirmed reactivity, the time at which it began, and its association or nonassociation with specific manufacturers' tests, a nationwide survey of blood centers was conducted. A case-donation was defined as a blood donation that was repeatedly reactive, but not confirmed positive, on at least two of the three tests from May 1990 through December 1991. Results: Among 14 million donations screened by 110 centers, 582 case-donations were identified. An increase in case-donations was evident in the fall of 1990 (2.8/100,000 donations). In 1991, rates increased from 0.9 per 100,000 donations in the first quarter to 1.3, 3.2, and 19.7 in subsequent quarters. A significantly higher rate of case-donations was observed among donations tested with one of the two available anti-HCV screening tests (8.0 vs. 1.2/100,000 donations; risk ratio = 6.8; 95% Cl = 5.4-8.5). Conclusion: Although unconfirmed reactivity on multiple screening tests appeared to be seasonal, its documentation prior to the availability of influenza vaccine in 1991 and higher rates among donations tested with one manufacturer's anti-HCV test indicated that test-specific factors were also involved. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. AMER RED CROSS,NATL HEADQUARTERS,WASHINGTON,DC. OI Grossman, Brenda/0000-0002-1500-8211 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 1994 VL 34 IS 5 BP 371 EP 375 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34594249045.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NP054 UT WOS:A1994NP05400003 PM 8191558 ER PT J AU CHEN, RT RASTOGI, SC MULLEN, JR HAYES, SW COCHI, SL DONLON, JA WASSILAK, SG AF CHEN, RT RASTOGI, SC MULLEN, JR HAYES, SW COCHI, SL DONLON, JA WASSILAK, SG TI THE VACCINE-ADVERSE-EVENT-REPORTING-SYSTEM (VAERS) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; ADVERSE REACTIONS; PRODUCT SURVEILLANCE; POSTMARKETING ID TETANUS-PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; INFANT DEATH SYNDROME; WHOOPING-COUGH; IMMUNIZATION; MUMPS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ERADICATION; LITIGATION; CHILDREN AB Immunizations against most vaccine-preventable diseases will be needed indefinitely unless the disease is eradicated. Public acceptance of immunizations may be threatened as vaccine coverage increases and disease decreases, however, due to the increase in both causally and coincidentally related vaccine adverse events. The post-marketing surveillance for such events in the USA in response to the mandatory reporting requirements of the National Childhood Injury Act of 1986. While VAERS has many methodological limitations intrinsic to such systems, it can play an important role in helping to monitor vaccine safety and maintain public confidence in immunizations. C1 US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. RP CHEN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM E61,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 70 TC 240 Z9 243 U1 1 U2 8 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY PY 1994 VL 12 IS 6 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90315-8 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NE606 UT WOS:A1994NE60600013 PM 8036829 ER PT J AU MATHEWS, JH KINNEY, RM ROEHRIG, JT BARRETT, ADT TRENT, DW AF MATHEWS, JH KINNEY, RM ROEHRIG, JT BARRETT, ADT TRENT, DW TI MURINE T-HELPER CELL IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RECOMBINANT VAC-VEE VIRUS; T-HELPER CELL; IMMUNE RESPONSE ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; EXPRESSION VECTORS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES AB The T-helper (Th) cell immune response following immuniziation of C3H (H-2(k)) mice with a recombinant vaccinia (VAC) virus (TC-5A) expressing the structural proteins (capsid, E1 and E2) of the attenuated vaccine strain (TC-83) of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus was compared with the immune response induced in mice after immunization with TC-83 virus. TC-5A virus elicited Th cells that strongly recognized both VAC and TC-83 viruses in in vitro lymphoblastogenesis tests. Th-cell activation was associated with elevated levels of interleukin-2. TC-5A virus induced long-term humoral immunity; VEE virus-binding and neutralizing antibodies were detected in mouse sera collected from mice 16 months after a single immunization. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL F05,GALVESTON,TX 77555. RP MATHEWS, JH (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY PY 1994 VL 12 IS 7 BP 620 EP 624 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(94)90266-6 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA NK351 UT WOS:A1994NK35100008 PM 8085379 ER PT J AU SLATER, MR KOMKOV, A ROBINSON, LE HIGHTOWER, D AF SLATER, MR KOMKOV, A ROBINSON, LE HIGHTOWER, D TI LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF HYPERTHYROID CATS TREATED WITH I-131 SO VETERINARY RADIOLOGY & ULTRASOUND LA English DT Article DE FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM; I-131; FOLLOW-UP STUDY ID SERUM THYROXINE CONCENTRATIONS; FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM; THERAPY AB A long-term follow-up study of hyperthyroid cats treated with iodine-131 was conducted at the Texas A&M University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Between January 1985 and December 1990, 255 cats were treated. Basic demographic data, information on treatment, and diseases at the time of diagnosis were recorded. Two hundred and thirty seven cats had long-term follow-up data collected by telephone interviews with the referring veterinarian and/or the owner on outcome of therapy, diseases that developed during the follow-up period and survival. Risk for developing hyperthyroidism was highest for cats greater than 10 years of age. There was no breed predisposition. Neutered cats were slightly over-represented among the cases compared to intact animals. Eighty-five percent of treated cats became clinically normal and remained euthyroid for a median time of 17.5 months. Four percent remained hyperthyroid and 9% became hypothyroid, requiring thyroid hormone supplementation. C1 CAMPBELL VILLAGE VET CLIN,DALLAS,TX 75248. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL & ZOONOSIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SLATER, MR (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT VET ANAT & PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY RADIOLOGY PI RALEIGH PA 2520 BEECHRIDGE RD, RALEIGH, NC 27608 SN 1058-8183 J9 VET RADIOL ULTRASOUN JI Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 35 IS 3 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1994.tb01594.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NM159 UT WOS:A1994NM15900013 ER PT J AU SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST AF SPIROPOULOU, CF MORZUNOV, S FELDMANN, H SANCHEZ, A PETERS, CJ NICHOL, ST TI GENOME STRUCTURE AND VARIABILITY OF A VIRUS CAUSING HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; S-GENOME; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CODING STRATEGY; RENAL SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; HANTAAN VIRUS AB A previously unrecognized hantavirus (family Bunyaviridae) has recently been detected and shown to be associated with a severe respiratory illness with high mortality, termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). This disease has now been identified throughout the western United States. We present nucleotide sequence characterization of the three RNA segments composing the HPS virus genome and address the question of the apparent emergence of this highly lethal virus. No evidence of genetic reassortment with previously recognized hantaviruses was found, each RNA segment being unique and approximately 30% different at the nucleotide level to the segments of the closest relative, Prospect Hill virus. These findings, together with the observed extensive genetic diversity of HPS viruses and examples of geographic clustering of distinct virus genotypes, suggest that HPS and associated virus have likely existed undetected for many years. The virus genome M segment was determined to be 3696 nucleotides in length and encode G1 and G2 proteins, 652 and 488 amino acids in length. The S segment was found to be 2059 nucleotides in length and to encode a nucleocapsid protein, 428 amino acids in length. S segment analysis also revealed an unusually long noncoding region with numerous repeats and evidence for a potential NSs protein encoded in an overlapping frame. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 36 TC 148 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 1 PY 1994 VL 200 IS 2 BP 715 EP 723 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1235 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA NG523 UT WOS:A1994NG52300040 PM 8178455 ER PT J AU SLEPUSHKIN, AN RUDENKO, LG KENDAL, AP MONTO, AS BELYAEV, AL BURTSEVA, EI GRIGORIEVA, EP OBROSOVASEROVA, NP IVANOVA, VT BRAGINA, VE PETROV, LI AGAFONOVA, GN PIYANYKH, VA GHENDON, YZ ALEKSANDROVA, GI COX, NJ AF SLEPUSHKIN, AN RUDENKO, LG KENDAL, AP MONTO, AS BELYAEV, AL BURTSEVA, EI GRIGORIEVA, EP OBROSOVASEROVA, NP IVANOVA, VT BRAGINA, VE PETROV, LI AGAFONOVA, GN PIYANYKH, VA GHENDON, YZ ALEKSANDROVA, GI COX, NJ TI COMPARATIVE-STUDIES OF LIVE AND INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINES - ORGANIZATION OF THE OBSERVATIONS AND THE RESULTS OF STUDIES ON REACTOGENICITY AND IMMUNOGENICITY SO VOPROSY VIRUSOLOGII LA Russian DT Article AB Schoolchildren of 30 to 34 schools of Novgorod were vaccinated over a three-year period with Russian live cold-adapted attenuated vaccine for children and whole-virus inactivated vaccines and placebo for comparative field study of the vaccines properties and efficacy. In control trials both bi-and trivalent live attenuated vaccines were well tolerated and areactogenic. A whole-virus inactivated trivalent vaccine induced mild and moderate fever and local reactions in 2-4 % of the vaccinees. Special observations are necessary to establish the possibility of use and to determine a dose of this inactivated vaccine for immunization of children, especially those of 7-10 years of age. All the vaccines induced HI antibody production in 50-80 % and antineuraminidase in 50-70 % of seronegative children. The pattern of the results was similar to that in revaccinated children with preexisting antibody at a level of 1:20, but much lower in children with the initial titre above 1:20. After the 3rd year of vaccination the immune response of the vaccinees was similar, most of the results depending on the initial antibody titre and also on the change of vaccine strains. This raises a question of the expediency of annual influenza revaccination of the same person after 2 years of successful immunization and of the necessity of vaccine strains replacement after 2-3 years of use. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,EXPTL MED RES INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR INFLUENZA,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NOVGOROD MUNICIPAL CTR STATE SANIT & EPIDEMIOL SURVEILANCE,NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. NOVGOROD MUNICIPAL DEPT PUBL HLTH,NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. NOVGOROD REG CTR STATE SANIT & EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE,NOVGOROD,RUSSIA. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP SLEPUSHKIN, AN (reprint author), DI IVANOVSKII VIROL RES INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GOSUDARSTVENNOE IZDATELSTVO PI MOSCOW PA MEDITSINSKOI LITERATURY PETROVKA 12, MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0507-4088 J9 VOP VIRUSOL+ JI Vopr. Virusol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1994 VL 39 IS 3 BP 128 EP 131 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA NY829 UT WOS:A1994NY82900010 ER PT J AU GESSNER, BD BELLER, M AF GESSNER, BD BELLER, M TI MOOSE SOUP SHIGELLOSIS IN ALASKA SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; FLEXNERI AB Following a community gathering held in early September 1991, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in Galena, Alaska. We conducted an epidemiologic investigation to determine the cause of the outbreak. A case of gastroenteritis was defined as diarrhea or at least 2 other symptoms of gastrointestinal illness occurring in a Galena resident within a week of the gathering. Control subjects included asymptomatic residents who either resided with an affected person or were contacted by us during a telephone survey. Of 25 case-patients, 23 had attended the gathering compared with 33 of 58 controls. Among persons who attended the gathering and from whom we obtained a food consumption history, 17 of 19 case-patients and 11 of 22 controls ate moose soup. No other foods served at the gathering were associated with illness. Ten case-patients had culture-confirmed Shigella sonnei. Many pots of moose soup were served each day, and persons attended the gathering and ate moose soup on more than 1 day. Moose soup was prepared in private homes, allowed to cool, and usually served the same day. We identified 5 women who had prepared soup for the gathering and in whose homes at least 1 person had a gastrointestinal illness occur at the time of or shortly before soup preparation. This investigation suggests that eating contaminated moose soup at a community gathering led to an outbreak of shigellosis and highlights the risk of eating improperly prepared or stored foods at public gatherings. C1 ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 24024,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD MAY PY 1994 VL 160 IS 5 BP 430 EP 433 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NM918 UT WOS:A1994NM91800002 PM 8048226 ER PT J AU BURSE, VW GROCE, DF CAUDILL, SP KORVER, MP PHILLIPS, DL MCCLURE, PC LAPEZA, CR HEAD, SL MILLER, DT BUCKLEY, DJ NASSIF, J TIMPERI, RJ GEORGE, PM AF BURSE, VW GROCE, DF CAUDILL, SP KORVER, MP PHILLIPS, DL MCCLURE, PC LAPEZA, CR HEAD, SL MILLER, DT BUCKLEY, DJ NASSIF, J TIMPERI, RJ GEORGE, PM TI DETERMINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL LEVELS IN THE SERUM OF RESIDENTS AND IN THE HOMOGENATES OF SEAFOOD FROM THE NEW-BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS, AREA - A COMPARISON OF EXPOSURE SOURCES THROUGH PATTERN-RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE HUMAN SERUM; PCBS; LOBSTERS; BLUEFISH; PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; CAPILLARY GLC ECD ID OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AROCLOR-1254; FISH AB We measured the residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of 23 residents of the New Bedford, Massachusetts, area and from two homogenates each of bluefish and lobsters from the same area. We used congener-specific and total Aroclor quantitative approaches, both of which involved gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (electron ionization mode), we confirmed the presence of PCBs in the combined serum samples and in the aliquots of bluefish and lobsters. In measuring the PCB levels in serum, we found good agreement between the two electron capture detector approaches (r greater-than-or-equal-to 0.97) when the serum of specific congeners was compared to total Aroclor. We used univariate and multivariate quality control approaches to monitor these analyses. Analytical results for bluefish showed a better agreement between the two techniques than did those for lobsters; however, the small number of samples precluded any statistical comparison. We also measured levels of chlorinated pesticides in the serum samples of two groups of New Bedford residents, those with low PCB levels (< 15 ng/ml) and those with high PCB levels (greater-than-or-equal-to 15 ng/ml). We found that residents with high PCB levels also tended to have higher levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di-(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE). The higher concentration of all three analytes appears to be influenced by employment in the capacitor industry, by seafood consumption, or both. Using Jaccard measures of similarity and principal component analysis we compared the gas chromatographic patterns of PCBs found in the serum of New Bedford area residents with high serum PCBs with the patterns found in homogenates of lobsters (inclusive of all edible portions except the roe), in homogenates of bluefish fillets taken from local waters, and in serum from goats fed selected technical Aroclors (e.g. Aroclors 1016, 1242, 1254, or 1260). The patterns found in human serum samples were similar to the patterns found in lobster homogenates. Both of these patterns closely resembled patterns found in the serum samples of the goat fed aroclor 1254, as demonstrated by both pattern recognition techniques. In addition, the chromatographic patterns of human serum and of lobsters and bluefish homogenates all indicated the presence of PCBs more characteristic of Aroclors 1016 or 1242. C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,CTR LABS & COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BOSTON,MA 02130. US EPA,ENVIRONM RES LAB,CORVALLIS,OR 97333. RP BURSE, VW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 29 PY 1994 VL 144 BP 153 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90436-7 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NJ448 UT WOS:A1994NJ44800014 PM 8209226 ER PT J AU DEMARCO, J REEVES, C AF DEMARCO, J REEVES, C TI INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH SOCCER GOALPOSTS - UNITED-STATES, 1979-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 153-155, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP DEMARCO, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV UNINTENTI INJURIES PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 27 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 16 BP 1233 EP 1234 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG362 UT WOS:A1994NG36200006 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE GIOVINO, GA EMONT, SL BRACKBILL, R CAMERON, LL PEDDICORD, J MOWERY, PD AF NELSON, DE GIOVINO, GA EMONT, SL BRACKBILL, R CAMERON, LL PEDDICORD, J MOWERY, PD TI TRENDS IN CIGARETTE-SMOKING AMONG US PHYSICIANS AND NURSES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDES; HEALTH AB Objective.-To determine trends in cigarette smoking prevalence among physicians, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses since 1974. Design.-Analyses of data on smoking prevalence among persons 20 years of age and older using combined National Health interview Survey data sets from 1974, 1976, and 1977; 1978, 1979, and 1980; 1983 and 1985; 1987 and 1988; and 1990 and 1991. Main Outcome Measures.-Prevalence of cigarette smoking and average annual change in smoking prevalence. Results.-Based on the data for 1990 and 1991, there were an estimated 18 000 physicians, 322 000 registered nurses, and 128 000 licensed practical nurses who smoked cigarettes in the United States. Compared with 1974, 1976, and 1977, by 1990 and 1991 cigarette smoking prevalence had declined from 18.8% to 3.3% among physicians (average annual decline of 1.15 percentage points); from 31.7% to 18.3% among registered nurses (average annual decline of 0.88 percentage point); and from 37.1% to 27.2% among licensed practical nurses (average annual decline of 0.62 percentage point). Conclusion.-Since 1974, cigarette smoking has declined most rapidly among physicians, at an intermediate rate among registered nurses, and at a lower rate among licensed practical nurses. Because of their important roles as exemplars and health educators, persons in these occupations should not smoke. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30342. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. BATELLE INC,ARLINGTON,VA. NR 36 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 27 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 16 BP 1273 EP 1275 DI 10.1001/jama.271.16.1273 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG362 UT WOS:A1994NG36200028 PM 8151902 ER PT J AU DONDERO, TJ CURRAN, JW AF DONDERO, TJ CURRAN, JW TI EXCESS DEATHS IN AFRICA FROM HIV - CONFIRMED AND QUANTIFIED SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID IVORY-COAST; ABIDJAN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. RP DONDERO, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 23 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8904 BP 989 EP 990 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90120-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG682 UT WOS:A1994NG68200003 PM 7909087 ER PT J AU EIDSON, M PHILEN, RM SEWELL, CM VOORHEES, RE KILBOURNE, EM AF EIDSON, M PHILEN, RM SEWELL, CM VOORHEES, RE KILBOURNE, EM TI L-TRYPTOPHAN AND EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - REPLY SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP EIDSON, M (reprint author), NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM 87502, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 23 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8904 BP 1036 EP 1037 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG682 UT WOS:A1994NG68200037 ER PT J AU ZAKI, SR ALBERS, RC GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM ARMSTRONG, LR KHAN, AS KHABBAZ, R PETERS, CJ AF ZAKI, SR ALBERS, RC GREER, PW COFFIELD, LM ARMSTRONG, LR KHAN, AS KHABBAZ, R PETERS, CJ TI RETROSPECTIVE DIAGNOSIS OF A 1983 CASE OF FATAL HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 HAYS INTERNAL MED,HAYS,KS. RP ZAKI, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30033, USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 23 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8904 BP 1037 EP 1038 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90156-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG682 UT WOS:A1994NG68200039 PM 7909065 ER PT J AU MERCY, JA AF MERCY, JA TI PROPOSED NSF VIOLENCE CENTER SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter RP MERCY, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 22 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5158 BP 490 EP 490 DI 10.1126/science.264.5158.490-b PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NH010 UT WOS:A1994NH01000008 PM 17732717 ER PT J AU SEMPOS, CT LOOKER, AC GILLUM, RF MAKUC, DM AF SEMPOS, CT LOOKER, AC GILLUM, RF MAKUC, DM TI BODY IRON STORES AND THE RISK OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BINDING PROTEINS; MORTALITY; DEFICIENCY; HEMATOCRIT; PROGRAM; CANCER; MEN; INFORMATION; FRAMINGHAM; SMOKING AB Background. Recent studies have suggested an association between higher body iron stores and the risk of coronary heart disease. To assess these findings, we examined the association between transferrin saturation and the risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, overall mortality, and mortality from cardiovascular causes in a large population. Methods. We studied a total of 4518 men and women from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, using a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model. Base-line data were collected from 1971 to 1974, with follow-up through 1987. Transferrin saturation (serum iron concentration divided by total iron-binding capacity) was used as a measure of the amount of circulating iron available to tissues. Results. The risk of coronary heart disease was not related to transferrin-saturation levels in white men or women. Estimates of the relative risk of coronary heart disease for the fifth quintile of transferrin saturation as compared with the first quintile were 0.72 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.51 to 1.00) for men and 0.85 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 1.21) for women. The results were similar for myocardial infarction. A significant inverse association with transferrin saturation was found for overall mortality and for mortality from cardiovascular causes in white men and women. Transferrin saturation was not associated with any of the clinical outcomes in blacks, possibly owing to the small sample. Conclusions. Higher transferrin-saturation levels were not associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction. On the contrary, the results indicate that there may be an inverse association of iron stores with overall mortality and with mortality from cardiovascular causes. RP SEMPOS, CT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,RM 1070,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 63 TC 209 Z9 210 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 21 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 16 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1056/NEJM199404213301604 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NF699 UT WOS:A1994NF69900004 PM 7993405 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ HAMM, DM COLLINS, FH AF BESANSKY, NJ HAMM, DM COLLINS, FH TI AN ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE CDNA PREDICTS A PROTEIN SIMILAR TO A YEAST SUIL TRANSLATION FACTOR SO GENE LA English DT Note DE MOSQUITO; MALARIA VECTOR; CONSERVED PROTEINS; SACCHAROMYCES; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE AB The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a cDNA cloned from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae was determined. The amino acid (aa) sequence of the deduced protein was 56% identical (60/108 aa) to the recently discovered translation initiation factor Sui1 of yeast, suggesting that the two proteins are homologs and have similar functions. Database searches also revealed strong similarity to other sequences, including the deduced gene products of cDNAs from organisms as diverse as nematodes, humans and plants. The functions of these putative proteins are unknown, but their homology to Sui1 suggests that they represent an important component of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, MALARIA BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. EMORY UNIV, DEPT BIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 141 IS 2 BP 299 EP 300 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90589-4 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA NJ563 UT WOS:A1994NJ56300025 PM 8163206 ER PT J AU VANDECASTLE, M DANNA, J DECOSTER, E THOMAS, T AF VANDECASTLE, M DANNA, J DECOSTER, E THOMAS, T TI PHYSICAL VIOLENCE DURING THE 12 MONTHS PRECEDING CHILDBIRTH - ALASKA, MAINE, OKLAHOMA, AND WEST-VIRGINIA, 1990-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 132-137, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV VIOLENCE PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. W VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH & HUMAN RESOURCES,CHARLESTON,WV. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP VANDECASTLE, M (reprint author), ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 20 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 15 BP 1152 EP 1153 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NF207 UT WOS:A1994NF20700007 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, M AF SIEGEL, M TI SMOKING AND LEUKEMIA - EVALUATION OF A CAUSAL HYPOTHESIS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SIEGEL, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFFICE SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 8 BP 852 EP 852 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NJ044 UT WOS:A1994NJ04400013 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT AF WEBER, JT TI WOUND BOTULISM SO HOSPITAL PRACTICE LA English DT Letter RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 8750-2836 J9 HOSP PRACT JI Hosp. Pract. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 16 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NF711 UT WOS:A1994NF71100004 PM 8144719 ER PT J AU HILLIS, SD AF HILLIS, SD TI PID PREVENTION - CLINICAL AND SOCIETAL STAKES SO HOSPITAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB Pelvic inflammatory disease continues to take its physical, psychological and financial tolls. Prompt treatment of symptomatic disease and screening of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic women for the major causative organism-Chlamydia trachomatis-are the keys to preventing serious sequelae, such as chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. RP HILLIS, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 8750-2836 J9 HOSP PRACT JI Hosp. Pract. PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 29 IS 4 BP 121 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NF711 UT WOS:A1994NF71100019 PM 8144716 ER PT J AU BERKELMAN, RL BRYAN, RT OSTERHOLM, MT LEDUC, JW HUGHES, JM AF BERKELMAN, RL BRYAN, RT OSTERHOLM, MT LEDUC, JW HUGHES, JM TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SURVEILLANCE - A CRUMBLING FOUNDATION SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. WHO,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL SUPPORT SERV,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP BERKELMAN, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 15 PY 1994 VL 264 IS 5157 BP 368 EP 370 DI 10.1126/science.8153621 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA NG194 UT WOS:A1994NG19400024 PM 8153621 ER PT J AU CANTWELL, MF SHEHAB, ZM COSTELLO, AM SANDS, L GREEN, WF EWING, EP VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM AF CANTWELL, MF SHEHAB, ZM COSTELLO, AM SANDS, L GREEN, WF EWING, EP VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM TI CONGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID NEONATAL TUBERCULOSIS; MOTHER C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARIZONA,STEELE MEM CHILDRENS RES CTR,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PEDIAT,TUCSON,AZ. UNIV ARIZONA,MED CTR,TUCSON,AZ. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. PUBL HLTH SERV INDIAN HOSP,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP CANTWELL, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD,E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 164 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 14 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 15 BP 1051 EP 1054 DI 10.1056/NEJM199404143301505 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NF022 UT WOS:A1994NF02200005 PM 8127333 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB ROBINSON, LE RUPPRECHT, CR AF FISHBEIN, DB ROBINSON, LE RUPPRECHT, CR TI RABIES - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 14 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 15 BP 1088 EP 1089 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NF022 UT WOS:A1994NF02200026 ER PT J AU CHAKRAVERTY, M SKEHEL, J HAY, A SCHILD, G WOOD, J GUST, I HAMPSON, A AF CHAKRAVERTY, M SKEHEL, J HAY, A SCHILD, G WOOD, J GUST, I HAMPSON, A TI UPDATE - INFLUENZA ACTIVITY - UNITED-STATES AND WORLDWIDE, 1993-94 SEASON, AND COMPOSITION OF THE 1994-95 INFLUENZA VACCINE (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 179-183, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,HERTFORD,HERTS,ENGLAND. COMMONWEALTH SERUM LABS,PARKVILLE,AUSTRALIA. WHO,NATL INFLUENZA CTR,MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL SUPPORT SERV,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD 20014. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHAKRAVERTY, M (reprint author), CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 13 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 14 BP 1070 EP 1071 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NE228 UT WOS:A1994NE22800009 ER PT J AU KHODR, M HILL, S PERKINS, L STIEFEL, S COMERMORRISON, C LEE, S PATEL, DR PEERY, D ARMSTRONG, CW MILLER, GB AF KHODR, M HILL, S PERKINS, L STIEFEL, S COMERMORRISON, C LEE, S PATEL, DR PEERY, D ARMSTRONG, CW MILLER, GB TI BACILLUS-CEREUS FOOD POISONING ASSOCIATED WITH FRIED RICE AT 2 CHILD DAY-CARE-CENTERS - VIRGINIA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 177-178, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 VIRGINIA DIV CONSOLIDATED LAB SERV,DEPT GEN SERV,RICHMOND,VA. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,RICHMOND,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KHODR, M (reprint author), LORD FAIRFAX HLTH DIST,WINCHESTER,VA, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 13 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 14 BP 1074 EP 1074 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NE228 UT WOS:A1994NE22800010 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW LAPLANTE, MP AF HEATH, GW LAPLANTE, MP TI WORK DISABILITY AND WORKERS COMPENSATION - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 13 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 14 BP 1079 EP 1079 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NE228 UT WOS:A1994NE22800020 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE GAUR, L SINGH, J PATEL, P FIELDS, HA AF KHUDYAKOV, YE GAUR, L SINGH, J PATEL, P FIELDS, HA TI PRIMER SPECIFIC SOLID-PHASE DETECTION OF PCR PRODUCTS SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; AMPLIFICATION C1 DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. BHARAT IMMUNOL & BIOL CO LTD,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. RP KHUDYAKOV, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD APR 11 PY 1994 VL 22 IS 7 BP 1320 EP 1321 DI 10.1093/nar/22.7.1320 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA NH132 UT WOS:A1994NH13200032 PM 8165151 ER PT J AU DUCHIN, JS KOSTER, FT PETERS, CJ SIMPSON, GL TEMPEST, B ZAKI, SR KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE NICHOL, S UMLAND, ET MOOLENAAR, RL REEF, SE NOLTE, KB GALLAHER, MM BUTLER, JC BREIMAN, RF BURKHART, M KALISHMAN, N VOORHEES, R VOORHEES, J SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M HUGHES, L WICTOR, S OTY, G NIMS, L CASTLE, S BRYT, B SEWELL, CM REYNOLDS, P BROWN, T SANDS, L KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W GELLERT, G SCHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, C HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B JOHN, S KITZES, J HUBBARD, J CARROLL, M WOOD, R NORTH, C BOHAN, P COBB, N ZUMWALT, R MCFEELY, P LEVY, H MERTZ, G YOUNG, S FOUCAR, K HJELLE, B MCLAUGHLIN, J ALLEN, S SIMPSON, S MERLIN, T SCHMIDT, M SIMONSEN, L VITEK, C DALTON, C HELFAND, R ETTESTADT, P TAPPERO, J KHAN, A CHAPMAN, L PINNER, R WACHSMUTH, K KAUFMANN, A WENGER, J MCDADE, J AF DUCHIN, JS KOSTER, FT PETERS, CJ SIMPSON, GL TEMPEST, B ZAKI, SR KSIAZEK, TG ROLLIN, PE NICHOL, S UMLAND, ET MOOLENAAR, RL REEF, SE NOLTE, KB GALLAHER, MM BUTLER, JC BREIMAN, RF BURKHART, M KALISHMAN, N VOORHEES, R VOORHEES, J SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M HUGHES, L WICTOR, S OTY, G NIMS, L CASTLE, S BRYT, B SEWELL, CM REYNOLDS, P BROWN, T SANDS, L KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W GELLERT, G SCHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, C HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B JOHN, S KITZES, J HUBBARD, J CARROLL, M WOOD, R NORTH, C BOHAN, P COBB, N ZUMWALT, R MCFEELY, P LEVY, H MERTZ, G YOUNG, S FOUCAR, K HJELLE, B MCLAUGHLIN, J ALLEN, S SIMPSON, S MERLIN, T SCHMIDT, M SIMONSEN, L VITEK, C DALTON, C HELFAND, R ETTESTADT, P TAPPERO, J KHAN, A CHAPMAN, L PINNER, R WACHSMUTH, K KAUFMANN, A WENGER, J MCDADE, J TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME - A CLINICAL DESCRIPTION OF 17 PATIENTS WITH A NEWLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS SYNDROME; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PROSPECT-HILL VIRUS; RENAL SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; EPIZOOTIOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE; INFECTION; RATS AB Background. In May 1993 an outbreak of severe respiratory illness occurred in the southwestern United States. A previously unknown hantavirus was identified as the cause. In Asia hantaviruses are associated with hemorrhagic fever and renal disease. They have not been known as a cause of human disease in North America. Methods. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and autopsy data on the first 17 persons with confirmed infection from this newly recognized strain of hantavirus. Results. The mean age of the patients was 32.2 years (range, 13 to 64); 61 percent were women, 72 percent were Native American, 22 percent white, and 6 percent Hispanic. The most common prodromal symptoms were fever and myalgia (100 percent), cough or dyspnea (76 percent), gastrointestinal symptoms (76 percent), and headache (71 percent). The most common physical findings were tachypnea (100 percent), tachycardia (94 percent), and hypotension (50 percent). The laboratory findings included leukocytosis (median peak cell count, 26,000 per cubic millimeter), often with myeloid precursors, an increased hematocrit, thrombocytopenia (median lowest platelet count, 64,000 per cubic millimeter), prolonged prothrombin and partial-thromboplastin times, an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration, decreased serum protein concentrations, and proteinuria. Rapidly progressive acute pulmonary edema developed in 15 of the 17 patients (88 percent), and 13 patients, all of whom had profound hypotension, died (case fatality rate, 76 percent). Increases in the hematocrit and partial-thromboplastin time were predictive of death. Conclusions. Infection with a newly described hantavirus causes the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, which is characterized by a brief prodromal illness followed by rapidly progressive, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO HOSP,DEPT INFECT DIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM 87503. GALLUP INDIAN MED CTR,INDIAN HLTH SERV,GALLUP,NM. OFF MEDICAL INVESTIGATOR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO ENVIRONM DEPT,SANTA FE,NM 87503. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85034. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80220. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. INDIAN HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. LOVELACE MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP DUCHIN, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,NCID,BLDG 1,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 457 Z9 471 U1 2 U2 16 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 7 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 14 BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1056/NEJM199404073301401 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA ND793 UT WOS:A1994ND79300001 PM 8121458 ER PT J AU MARTINEZ, AJ GUERRA, AE GARCIATAMAYO, J CESPEDES, G GONZALEZALFONZO, JE VISVESVARA, GS AF MARTINEZ, AJ GUERRA, AE GARCIATAMAYO, J CESPEDES, G GONZALEZALFONZO, JE VISVESVARA, GS TI GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS - A REVIEW AND REPORT OF A SPONTANEOUS CASE FROM VENEZUELA SO ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA LA English DT Note DE ENCEPHALITIS; ACANTHAMOEBA; NAEGLERIA-BALAMUTHIA; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ID LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AIDS; PATIENT AB Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), or meningoencephalitis due to Acanthamoeba spp. and leptomyxid ameba are uncommon CNS infections that generally occur in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a case of GAE caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris previously designated as a leptomyxid ameba, in an apparently healthy 14-year-old Venezuelan boy. This case was characterized by sudden onset of seizures, focal neurologic signs and by a prolonged clinical course (from November 1992 to March 1993). Neuroimaging studies showed cerebral hypodense lesions in cerebral hemispheres, brain stem and cerebellum. Microscopically, we found a chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction with necrotizing angiitis, large numbers of amebic trophozoites and few cysts in perivascular spaces and within necrotic CNS tissue. The amebas were identified as B. mandrillaris based on their immunofluorescence reactivity with the anti-B. mandrillaris serum. So far, 30 cases of GAE due to B. mandrillaris have been recognized in humans, two in AIDS patients. No visceral involvement by free-living amebas or any other significant abnormality was observed. This patient developed ''spontaneous'' GAE, but it remains possible that an undiagnosed abnormality in cell-mediated immunity or a deficient humoral immune response may explain the susceptibility of this patient to this opportunistic infection. C1 PRESBYTERIAN UNIV HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DIV NEUROPATHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA. CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,INST ANATOMOPATOL,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DEPT PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0001-6322 J9 ACTA NEUROPATHOL JI Acta Neuropathol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA NC560 UT WOS:A1994NC56000016 PM 8017178 ER PT J AU VILLARINO, ME GEITER, LJ SCHULTE, JM CASTRO, KG AF VILLARINO, ME GEITER, LJ SCHULTE, JM CASTRO, KG TI PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE TUBERCULIN AND DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY SKIN TESTING IN MIGRANT FARM-WORKERS AT RISK FOR TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV COINFECTION SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE TUBERCULOSIS (TB) SCREENING; PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVE TESTING; ANERGY TESTING; TB AND HIV COINFECTION AB Objective: To assess the joint use of purified protein derivative (PPD) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) antigens in screening individuals of unknown HIV serostatus for tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy eligibility. Design: Population-based survey. Methods: A group of migrant farm workers were screened for HIV and skin-tested with PPD, tetanus toxoid (TET), Candida albicans (CAN) and mumps (MUM) antigens by the Mantoux method. Anergy was defined as a less-than-or-equal-to 2 mm reaction to all four antigens. Eligibility for preventive therapy was defined as a reaction of greater-than-or-equal-to 5 mm to PPD among HIV-seropositive individuals, greater-than-or-equal-to 10 mm among HIV-seronegatives, or anergy. Results: A total of 253 out of 271 individuals had sufficient data for analysis. Of these, 15 (5%) were HIV-seropositive; 183 (75%), 175 (72%) and 157 (65%) reacted to TET, CAN, and MUM, respectively, and 113 (47%) were eligible for preventive therapy [108 (44%) PPD-positive, five (2%) anergic]. Use of PPD alone was 95% sensitive for detecting preventive therapy eligibility; PPD plus one DTH antigen was more sensitive (99%) but less specific (range, 69-85%); PPD plus two DTH antigens was most specific (CAN + MUM, 84%; TET + MUM, 93%; and TET + CAN, 100%). Conclusions: In this population with 5% HIV seroprevalence, testing for anergy did not significantly increase the detection of preventive therapy eligibility. The use of two DTH antigens is very sensitive and specific. These results support the recommendation of joint PPD and anergy testing for the screening of HIV-seropositive individuals. Our data also suggest, however, that for individuals whose HIV serostatus is unknown, anergy testing should be considered as a screening tool only if the prevalence of anergy is expected to exceed the prevalence of PPD positivity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VILLARINO, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 477 EP 481 DI 10.1097/00002030-199404000-00009 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NC298 UT WOS:A1994NC29800009 PM 8011250 ER PT J AU OTTEN, MW ZAIDI, AA PETERMAN, TA ROLFS, RT WITTE, JJ AF OTTEN, MW ZAIDI, AA PETERMAN, TA ROLFS, RT WITTE, JJ TI HIGH-RATE OF HIV SEROCONVERSION AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING URBAN SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE SEROCONVERSION; INCIDENCE; HIV; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SYPHILIS ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION AB Objective: To study rates of documented HIV seroconversion and syphilis as a cofactor for seroconversion in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. In the main clinic the HIV seroprevalence rate was 12% and most infections had been shown to be acquired by heterosexual contact. Methods: We analyzed computer records of patients who had at least two HIV-antibody tests between 1 December 1987 and 31 December 1990, at STD clinics in Dade County (Miami), Florida. Results: Of 51 64 individuals with two HIV tests, 208 (4.0%) seroconverted. The overall seroconversion rate was 3.1 per 100 person-years. Among blacks, who accounted for 77% of seroconversions, the rate was higher for women (4.8) than for men (2.7). The highest rate was in 15-19-year-old black women (7.1 per 100 person-years). The HIV seroconversion rate was 12.8 for patients with primary or secondary syphilis diagnosed between two HIV tests, 3.1 for patients who acquired syphilis before their first HIV test, and 2.3 for patients who had never had syphilis. Eighteen per cent of all HIV seroconversions were attributable to syphilis acquired in the interval between two HIV tests. Conclusions: We found high HIV seroconversion rates, especially among black teenagers and black women, in an STD clinic population in which the majority of HIV infections were shown previously to have been acquired heterosexually. Syphilis was a marker for HIV seroconversion and syphilitic ulcers may facilitate HIV transmission. Innovative prevention programs directed towards women and adolescents should be developed and evaluated. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. RP OTTEN, MW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV OFF,DIV STD HIV,MAILSTOP F-06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP 549 EP 553 DI 10.1097/00002030-199404000-00020 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NC298 UT WOS:A1994NC29800020 PM 8011261 ER PT J AU GIUSTI, RM GRACIA, F STEPHENS, K FUKUDA, K VITEK, C HARTGE, P LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J AF GIUSTI, RM GRACIA, F STEPHENS, K FUKUDA, K VITEK, C HARTGE, P LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J TI A SEARCH FOR DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH HTLV-II AMONG GUAYMI PATIENTS, PANAMA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,FL. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 447 EP 447 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000037 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB AF DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB TI HTLV-I/II-INFECTION RESULTS IN ALTERATIONS OF CELLULAR RECEPTORS INCLUDING THE UP-MODULATION OF T-CELL LIGANDS - CD40, CD54, AND CD80(B7) SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000039 ER PT J AU VLAHOV, D KHABBAZ, R COHN, S GALAI, N TAYLOR, E KAPLAN, J AF VLAHOV, D KHABBAZ, R COHN, S GALAI, N TAYLOR, E KAPLAN, J TI RISK-FACTORS FOR HTLV-II SEROCONVERSION AMONG INJECTING DRUG-USERS IN BALTIMORE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 448 EP 448 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000038 ER PT J AU RIOS, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE KESSLER, D HALL, W BIANCO, C AF RIOS, M KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE KESSLER, D HALL, W BIANCO, C TI TRANSMISSION OF HTLV-II BY HTLV-I SCREENED BLOOD PRODUCTS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 451 EP 451 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000053 ER PT J AU VITEK, CR GRACIA, F FUKUDA, K GREEN, D GIUSTI, R KHABBAZ, R LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J BLATTNER, W AF VITEK, CR GRACIA, F FUKUDA, K GREEN, D GIUSTI, R KHABBAZ, R LEVINE, P KAPLAN, J BLATTNER, W TI EVIDENCE FOR SEXUAL AND MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HTLV-II AMONG GUAYMI INDIANS, PANAMA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 451 EP 451 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000050 ER PT J AU HINO, S KATAMINE, S MIYAMOTO, T DOI, H TSUJI, Y YAMABE, T KAPLAN, JE RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB AF HINO, S KATAMINE, S MIYAMOTO, T DOI, H TSUJI, Y YAMABE, T KAPLAN, JE RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB TI MATERNAL ANTI-HTLV-1 ENV ANTIBODY TITER AS A MARKER OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION - DIFFERENTIAL RISK IN BOTTLE-FED AND BREAST-FED CHILDREN SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TOTTORI UNIV,FAC MED,YONAGO,TOTTORI 683,JAPAN. NAGASAKI UNIV,SCH MED,NAGASAKI 852,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 453 EP 453 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000058 ER PT J AU LAL, RB OWEN, SM RUDOLPH, DL DAWSON, C PRINCE, H AF LAL, RB OWEN, SM RUDOLPH, DL DAWSON, C PRINCE, H TI IN-VIVO LYMPHOCYTE TROPISM OF HTLV-II IS NOT RESTRICTED TO CD8 CELLS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA 90006. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 454 EP 454 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000063 ER PT J AU OWEN, SM RUDOLPH, DL DEZZUTTI, CS CAUGHMAN, SW LAL, RB AF OWEN, SM RUDOLPH, DL DEZZUTTI, CS CAUGHMAN, SW LAL, RB TI HTLV-I AND HTLV-II INFECTION LEADS TO CONSTITUTIVE INDUCTION AND EXPRESSION OF CD54 (ICAM-1) SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000086 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W WOODS, TC CHIN, WC LUST, J DAWSON, C NICOLSON, J KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W WOODS, TC CHIN, WC LUST, J DAWSON, C NICOLSON, J KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE TI THE ROLE OF HTLV-II INFECTION IN LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV NEBRASKA,OMAHA,NE 68182. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000122 ER PT J AU WOODS, TC GRABER, JM HERSHOW, RC KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE HENEINE, W AF WOODS, TC GRABER, JM HERSHOW, RC KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE HENEINE, W TI INVESTIGATION OF HTLV-II PROVIRAL LOAD IN 2 INFECTED-POPULATIONS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 473 EP 473 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000129 ER PT J AU SEGURADO, AAC DOMINGUES, RB MUNIZ, MB FINK, MCD MARCHIORI, P SCAFF, M LAL, RB AF SEGURADO, AAC DOMINGUES, RB MUNIZ, MB FINK, MCD MARCHIORI, P SCAFF, M LAL, RB TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND ISOLATION OF HTLV-I FROM PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE PARAPARESIS IN SAO-PAULO, BRAZIL SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV SAO PAULO,DEPT INFECT DIS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RI Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012; Domingues, Renan/H-1351-2012; Fink, Maria Cristina/M-8718-2015 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036; Domingues, Renan/0000-0002-6058-7937; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 479 EP 479 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000154 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE MATIJAS, L WRIGHT, D LAL, R RUDOLPH, D MURPHY, E KLEINMAN, S SCHREIBER, G AF KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE MATIJAS, L WRIGHT, D LAL, R RUDOLPH, D MURPHY, E KLEINMAN, S SCHREIBER, G TI RISK-FACTORS FOR HTLV-I AND HTLV-II SEXUAL TRANSMISSION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NHLBI,REDS,BALTIMORE,MD. NHLBI,REDS,WASHINGTON,DC. NHLBI,REDS,DETROIT,MI. NHLBI,REDS,LOS ANGELES,CA. NHLBI,REDS,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. NHLBI,REDS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 481 EP 481 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000159 ER PT J AU VANDYKE, RB HENEINE, W PERRIN, M RUDOLPH, D STARSZAK, E WOODS, T SWITZER, W KAPLAN, J AF VANDYKE, RB HENEINE, W PERRIN, M RUDOLPH, D STARSZAK, E WOODS, T SWITZER, W KAPLAN, J TI VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HTLV-II IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF BREAST-FEEDING SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 483 EP 483 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000167 ER PT J AU HANSEN, GR HARRIS, NV FIELDS, J THIEDE, H GREEN, D KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE AF HANSEN, GR HARRIS, NV FIELDS, J THIEDE, H GREEN, D KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE TI RISK-FACTORS AND PREVALENCE OF HTLV I/II AMONG INJECTION-DRUG USERS IN KING COUNTY WASHINGTON, 1989-1991 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000169 ER PT J AU BLACK, F BIGGAR, R SEGURADO, A LAL, R AF BLACK, F BIGGAR, R SEGURADO, A LAL, R TI HIGH HTLV SEROPREVALENCE IN KAYAPO INDIANS OF BRAZIL IS DUE TO TYPE-II ONLY - REACTIONS IN NEIGHBORING TRIBES NOT CONFIRMABLE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT. CDC,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RI Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 485 EP 485 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000173 ER PT J AU LAL, RB MANNS, A MINGLE, J LEVINE, PH AF LAL, RB MANNS, A MINGLE, J LEVINE, PH TI PRESENCE OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II IN GHANA, WEST-AFRICA SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BURKITT TUMOR PROJECT,ACCRA,GHANA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 485 EP 485 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000174 ER PT J AU SNG, I CHAN, R WATERS, D LAL, R ALEXANDER, S SNG, E LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W AF SNG, I CHAN, R WATERS, D LAL, R ALEXANDER, S SNG, E LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W TI HTLV INFECTION IN PROSTITUTES AND LYMPHOMA PATIENTS IN SINGAPORE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SINGAPORE GEN HOSP,SINGAPORE 0316,SINGAPORE. NATL SKIN CTR,SINGAPORE 1130,SINGAPORE. PRI LABS,FREDERICK,MD. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. CBC,ROCKVILLE,MD. ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP,RTI UNIT,LONDON,ENGLAND. NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 489 EP 489 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000188 ER PT J AU KITAMURA, K YAMAMOTO, S NAKATA, S NAKASONE, T CHOSA, T SONG, P DUC, DD HIEN, B QUANG, NX TRINH, TN LAL, RB HONDA, M AF KITAMURA, K YAMAMOTO, S NAKATA, S NAKASONE, T CHOSA, T SONG, P DUC, DD HIEN, B QUANG, NX TRINH, TN LAL, RB HONDA, M TI DETECTION OF HTLV-II INFECTIONS IN BLOOD-DONORS OF SOUTH-VIETNAM BUT NONE OF NORTH-VIETNAM SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST HLTH & NUTR,AIDS RES CTR,IMMUNOL LAB,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. NATL MED CTR HOSP,DEPT INT COOPERAT,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. BACH MAI HOSP,INST CLIN RES TROP MED,HANOI,VIETNAM. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 494 EP 494 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000209 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, S GALLO, D YAMAGUCHI, K LAL, R WATERS, D YOSHIHARA, N SNG, I BRUBAKER, G LAVANGE, L LEVINE, P TAKATSUKI, K LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W AF ALEXANDER, S GALLO, D YAMAGUCHI, K LAL, R WATERS, D YOSHIHARA, N SNG, I BRUBAKER, G LAVANGE, L LEVINE, P TAKATSUKI, K LEVIN, A BLATTNER, W TI SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY ANALYSIS OF THE MULTICENTER SERUM TESTING BY THE KUMAMOTO-WORKSHOP-GROUP SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH CORP,ROCKVILLE,MD. CA DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA. KUMAMOTO UNIV,SCH MED,KUMAMOTO 860,JAPAN. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. PRI DYNCORP,FREDERICK,MD 21701. NATL INST MED RES,TOKYO,JAPAN. SINGAPORE GEN HOSP,SINGAPORE 0316,SINGAPORE. SHIRATI HOSP,SHIRATI,TANZANIA. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ST BARTHOLOMEWS HOSP,RTI,LONDON,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000213 ER PT J AU VARMA, M CHAN, L WALSH, A SONG, GY TOSTADO, M HADLOCK, K FOUNG, S LAL, R AF VARMA, M CHAN, L WALSH, A SONG, GY TOSTADO, M HADLOCK, K FOUNG, S LAL, R TI IMPROVED DETECTION OF HTLV USING RECOMBINANT PROTEIN-DERIVED FROM GP21 REGION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. GENELABS DIAGNOST INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 495 EP 495 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000210 ER PT J AU FUKUSHIMA, Y KITAMURA, K NAKASONE, T YOSHIZAKI, H WATANABE, K OKAMOTO, Y SUGIURA, W MEGURO, T YAMADA, K LAL, RB YAMAZAKI, S KOMURO, K HONDA, M AF FUKUSHIMA, Y KITAMURA, K NAKASONE, T YOSHIZAKI, H WATANABE, K OKAMOTO, Y SUGIURA, W MEGURO, T YAMADA, K LAL, RB YAMAZAKI, S KOMURO, K HONDA, M TI SERUM IGG IS HIGHLY CROSS-REACTIVE WITH HTLV-II ELISA IN JAPANESE HEMOPHILIACS WITH NO RELATIONS TO HIV OR HTLVS INFECTIONS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,AIDS RES CTR,TOKYO,JAPAN. ST MARIANNA UNIV,YOKOHAMA,JAPAN. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000224 ER PT J AU PARDI, D RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB AF PARDI, D RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB TI IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES OF THE REGULATORY PROTEINS, TAX AND REX, IN HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000221 ER PT J AU HADLOCK, KG GOH, CJ BRADSHAW, PA PERKINS, S LO, J KHABBAZ, R KAPLAN, J FOUNG, SKH AF HADLOCK, KG GOH, CJ BRADSHAW, PA PERKINS, S LO, J KHABBAZ, R KAPLAN, J FOUNG, SKH TI DELINEATION OF AN IMMUNODOMINANT AND HIGHLY HTLV SPECIFIC EPITOPE WITHIN HTLV-I GP21 SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. STANFORD UNIV,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 499 EP 499 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000227 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB TI SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE-BASED IMMUNOASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO HTLV-I TAX SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 499 EP 499 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000225 ER PT J AU SWITZER, WM PEINIAZEK, D LAL, RB KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE FOLKS, TM HENEINE, W AF SWITZER, WM PEINIAZEK, D LAL, RB KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE FOLKS, TM HENEINE, W TI RFLP AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE LTR FROM HTLV-II-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION OF HTLV-II SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 501 EP 501 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000232 ER PT J AU VALLEJO, A HENEINE, W SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M GOMEZ, C BRAVO, R GONZALEZLAHOZ, J AF VALLEJO, A HENEINE, W SORIANO, V GUTIERREZ, M GOMEZ, C BRAVO, R GONZALEZLAHOZ, J TI MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF SPANISH HTLV-II ISOLATES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INST SALUD CARLOS 3,INFECT DIS SERV,MADRID,SPAIN. INST SALUD CARLOS 3,SERV MICROBIOL,MADRID,SPAIN. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 505 EP 505 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000248 ER PT J AU LAIRMORE, M KOBSCONRAD, S DIGEORGE, A TREVINO, A LAL, R KAUMAYA, P AF LAIRMORE, M KOBSCONRAD, S DIGEORGE, A TREVINO, A LAL, R KAUMAYA, P TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF HTLV-I ENVELOPE PEPTIDES IS ENHANCED WHEN PRESENTED WITH PROMISCUOUS T-CELL PEPTIDES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 4 BP 506 EP 506 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NK470 UT WOS:A1994NK47000251 ER PT J AU GILLUM, RF AF GILLUM, RF TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIRTH PREVALENCE; MALFORMATIONS; DEFECT RP GILLUM, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 30 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 127 IS 4 BP 919 EP 927 DI 10.1016/0002-8703(94)90562-2 PN 1 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NF398 UT WOS:A1994NF39800025 PM 8154432 ER PT J AU MILLSON, M ELLER, PM ASHLEY, K AF MILLSON, M ELLER, PM ASHLEY, K TI EVALUATION OF WIPE SAMPLING MATERIALS FOR LEAD IN SURFACE DUST SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The suitability of several commercially available wipe sampling materials for the determination of lead in dust on solid surfaces was evaluated. Criteria for the selection of wipe materials appropriate for field use and subsequent laboratory analysis were identified. These included (a) uniform background lead levels in the materials (preferably <5 mug); (b) ease of digestion in nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid/perchloric acid leachate; (c) greater-than-or-equal-to 80% recoveries of lead from standard reference material spikes; and (d) ease of use in the field. Other candidate wipe materials that were not examined in this study can be evaluated in a similar manner. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 55 IS 4 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1994)055<0339:EOWSMF>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NE723 UT WOS:A1994NE72300009 PM 8209839 ER PT J AU PAMUK, ER BYERS, T COATES, RJ VANN, JW SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW GLASS, D AF PAMUK, ER BYERS, T COATES, RJ VANN, JW SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW GLASS, D TI EFFECT OF SMOKING ON SERUM NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AFRICAN-AMERICANS; CAROTENOIDS; SERUM NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; SMOKING; VITAMIN-A; VITAMIN-E; WOMEN ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL LEVELS; PLASMA BETA-CAROTENE; VITAMIN-C; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE; HEALTHY INHABITANTS; ALCOHOL; CANCER; CONSUMPTION AB The relationship between current cigarette smoking and serum concentrations of vitamins C, E, and A, and of five carotenoids in human serum were examined in 91 low-income, African-American women. General linear models were used to adjust geometric mean serum concentrations of micro-nutrients for age, dietary and supplement intakes, total energy intake, alcohol intake, medication use, body mass index, and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides. Among smokers, serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, and lycopene averaged only 71-79% of the concentrations among nonsmokers. Mean serum concentrations of vitamins C and E and lutein/zeaxanthin were only slightly lower among smokers relative to nonsmokers, and current smokers had higher serum concentrations of vitamin A. Among current smokers, mean serum concentrations of all five carotenoids decreased with an increase in the amount smoked. The negative effect of smoking on serum concentrations of antioxidant carotenoids may pose a serious health risk in low-income populations already at higher risk for many chronic diseases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,HANES LAB,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP PAMUK, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 17998-15] NR 38 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 4 BP 891 EP 895 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ND885 UT WOS:A1994ND88500015 PM 8147335 ER PT J AU FOUCAR, K NOLTE, KB FEDDERSEN, RM HJELLE, B JENISON, S MCLAUGHLIN, J MADAR, DA YOUNG, SA ZAKI, SR HUGHES, L MCFEELEY, PJ SIMPSON, GL KOSTER, FT AF FOUCAR, K NOLTE, KB FEDDERSEN, RM HJELLE, B JENISON, S MCLAUGHLIN, J MADAR, DA YOUNG, SA ZAKI, SR HUGHES, L MCFEELEY, PJ SIMPSON, GL KOSTER, FT TI OUTBREAK OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN THE SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES - RESPONSE OF PATHOLOGISTS AND OTHER LABORATORIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AUTOPSY; ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY; CLINICAL PATHOLOGY; MUERTO CANYON HANTAVIRUS; HANTAVIUUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; UNITED STATES; VIROLOGY AB During late spring and early summer of 1993, national and international media called worldwide attention to a cluster of deaths in the southwestern United States. These patients succumbed to a rapidly progressive severe respiratory distress syndrome. After notification of state and national health agencies in mid-May, a major effort was launched to determine the cause of this often fatal respiratory distress syndrome, to advise the public on safety measures, and to determine the method of spread of this ''mystery illness.'' Within weeks of recognition of the early cases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced the probable agent, a Hantavirus. This report details the response of pathologists, medical technologists, and other laboratory scientists to this new viral epidemic, with emphasis on activities that occurred within New Mexico. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. STATE DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP FOUCAR, K (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 101 IS 4 SU 1 BP S1 EP S5 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA NF366 UT WOS:A1994NF36600001 PM 8154449 ER PT J AU GABBAY, YB GLASS, RI MONROE, SS CARCAMO, C ESTES, MK MASCARENHAS, JDP LINHARES, AC AF GABBAY, YB GLASS, RI MONROE, SS CARCAMO, C ESTES, MK MASCARENHAS, JDP LINHARES, AC TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO NORWALK VIRUS AMONG AMERINDIANS IN ISOLATED AMAZONIAN COMMUNITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBODIES; INDIANS; SOUTH AMERICAN; NORWALK AGENT ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CRUISE SHIP; OUTBREAK; ROTAVIRUS; DIARRHEA; ACQUISITION; POPULATIONS; ABOARD AB The seroepidemiology of Norwalk virus infections was examined among Amerindians belonging to eight relatively isolated communities in the Amazon region by means of a new enzyme immunoassay using recombinant Norwalk virus antigen. The seroprevalence of antibodies to Norwalk virus ranged from 39% in the Maiogong to 100% in the Kubenkrankrein. The distribution of antibody levels varied greatly among groups; five of the eight communities had an antibody prevalence greater than 90% with many high values (> 100 units), while three had both a low seroprevalence and a preponderance of low values (< 100 units). While few children less than 5 years of age were sampled, no significant differences in antibody prevalence were noted among age groups, and the prevalence of antibody among children 5-10 years of age approached that of the older age groups. The low prevalence of titers of antibodies to Norwalk virus in several tribes living in these isolated Indian communities suggests that Norwalk virus may have been only recently introduced. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA. BAYLOR COLL MED,DIV MOLEC VIROL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP GABBAY, YB (reprint author), FDN NACL SAUDE,INST EVANDRO CHAGAS,AV ALMIRANTE BARROSO,BELEM,PARA,BRAZIL. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30448] NR 31 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 7 BP 728 EP 733 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NG906 UT WOS:A1994NG90600010 PM 8166133 ER PT J AU CALVERT, GM SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA HORNUNG, RW HALPERIN, WE AF CALVERT, GM SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA HORNUNG, RW HALPERIN, WE TI EVALUATION OF PORPHYRIA-CUTANEA-TARDA IN UNITED-STATES WORKERS EXPOSED TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN; DIOXINS; UROPORPHYRINS; COPROPORPHYRINS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ID UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; CHLORACNE; DISEASE; DIOXIN AB A cross-sectional medical study was performed to evaluate whether occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-contaminated substances is associated with porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria. The exposed participants were employed more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The referent group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides. A total of 281 workers and 260 referents participated. The pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion for each participant was assessed to determine if symptomatic or subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda was present. None of the participants were found to have symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda. No difference was found between workers and referents in the prevalence of subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0. 19, 4.54). There were also no differences in the risk between workers and referents for an out-of-range urinary uroporphyrin or coproporphyrin concentration. In conclusion, this study did not find an elevated risk for porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria among workers with high serum TCDD levels. Our review of the literature indicates that there is insufficient evidence available to convincingly support or refute an association in humans between TCDD exposure and porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP CALVERT, GM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 559 EP 571 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700250410 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NA133 UT WOS:A1994NA13300009 PM 7912041 ER PT J AU ELDERS, MJ PERRY, CL ERIKSEN, MP GIOVINO, GA AF ELDERS, MJ PERRY, CL ERIKSEN, MP GIOVINO, GA TI THE REPORT OF THE SURGEON GENERAL - PREVENTING TOBACCO USE AMONG YOUNG-PEOPLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USE; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ILLEGAL SALE; ADOLESCENTS; INVOLVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; CHILDREN; PATTERNS; INITIATION; FREQUENCY AB This year's surgeon general's report on smoking and health is the first such report to focus on young people. From extensive data that indicate that tobacco use is a pediatric epidemic, the report reached six major conclusions: (1) Nearly all first use of tobacco occurs by age 18. (2) Most adolescent smokers are addicted to nicotine. (3) Tobacco is often the first drug used by young people who subsequently use illegal drugs. (4) There are identified psychosocial risk factors for the onset of tobacco use. (5) Cigarette advertising also appears to increase young people's risk of smoking. (6) Communitywide efforts have successfully reduced adolescent use of tobacco. This commentary restates each of the six conclusions, summarizes the data that support each, and then considers the implications of the conclusions for public health action. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55454. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 67 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 4 BP 543 EP 547 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.4.543 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM620 UT WOS:A1994NM62000004 PM 8154552 ER PT J AU HAREL, Y OVERPECK, MD JONES, DH SCHEIDT, PC BIJUR, PE TRUMBLE, AC ANDERSON, J AF HAREL, Y OVERPECK, MD JONES, DH SCHEIDT, PC BIJUR, PE TRUMBLE, AC ANDERSON, J TI THE EFFECTS OF RECALL ON ESTIMATING ANNUAL NONFATAL INJURY RATES FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EVENTS AB Objectives. This study used a recent national population survey on childhood and adolescent nonfatal injuries to investigate the effects of recall bias on estimating annual injury rates. Strategies to adjust for recall bias are recommended. Methods. The 1988 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey collected 12-month recall information on injuries that occurred to a national sample of 17 110 children aged 0 through 17 years. Using information on timing of interviews and reported injuries, estimated annual injury rates were calculated for 12 accumulative recall periods (from 1 to 12 months). Results. The data show significantly declining rates, from 24.4 per 100 for a 1-month recall period to 14.7 per 100 for a 12-month recall period. The largest declines were found for the 0- through 4-year-old age group and for minor injuries. Rates of injuries that caused a school loss day, a bed day, surgery, or hospitalization showed higher stability throughout recall periods. Conclusions. Varying recall periods have profound effects on the patterns of childhood injury epidemiology that emerge from the data. Recall periods of between 1 and 3 months are recommended for use in similar survey settings. C1 NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10467. NR 17 TC 166 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 4 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.4.599 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM620 UT WOS:A1994NM62000015 PM 8154563 ER PT J AU WAECKERLE, JF LILLIBRIDGE, SR BURKLE, FM NOJI, EK AF WAECKERLE, JF LILLIBRIDGE, SR BURKLE, FM NOJI, EK TI DISASTER MEDICINE - CHALLENGES FOR TODAY SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 715 EP 718 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70304-3 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA NG662 UT WOS:A1994NG66200001 PM 8161037 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, AK LILLIBRIDGE, SR SALINAS, C GRAVES, RW ROTH, PB NOJI, EK AF HENDERSON, AK LILLIBRIDGE, SR SALINAS, C GRAVES, RW ROTH, PB NOJI, EK TI DISASTER MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TEAMS - PROVIDING HEALTH-CARE TO A COMMUNITY STRUCK BY HURRICANE-INIKI SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: To describe the type of medical care that disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) provided to a community struck by a major hurricane. Study design: A prospective study describing the use of DMAT field clinics by a population affected by a major hurricane. Data regarding the type of medical care provided to disaster victims and the acuity of each patient's medical condition were abstracted from medical charts at each field clinic. Setting: Three DMAT field clinics that provided medical care to residents of Kauai, Hawaii, after Hurricane Iniki struck the island on September 11, 1992. Results: From September 16 to 19, 1992, three DMATs provided medical care to 614 people. The patients' average age was 34 years, and 60% were male. The largest treatment categories were injury (40.4%), illness (38.6%), and preventive services (9.0%). Most illnesses and injuries were minor, and 99% of the patients were ambulatory. Only 33 patients (5.4%) were referred to another medical provider. Referrals were generally for procedures not available in DMAT field clinics rather than for life-threatening conditions. Conclusion: DMATs sent to assist with the medical needs of a US community struck by a major hurricane should be prepared to deliver basic medical services and primary health care. The need for these medical services will continue beyond the impact phase of a hurricane disaster. RP HENDERSON, AK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 726 EP 730 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70306-X PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA NG662 UT WOS:A1994NG66200003 PM 8161039 ER PT J AU BREWER, RD MORRIS, PD COLE, TB AF BREWER, RD MORRIS, PD COLE, TB TI HURRICANE-RELATED EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT VISITS IN AN INLAND AREA - AN ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPACT OF HURRICANE HUGO IN NORTH-CAROLINA SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Study objective: To evaluate the public health impact of a hurricane on an inland area. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Seven hospital emergency departments. Participants: Patients who were treated from September 22 to October 6, 1989, for an injury or illness related to Hurricane Hugo. Intervention: None. Measurements and main results: Over the two-week study period, 2,090 patients were treated for injuries or illnesses related to the hurricane. Of these, 1,833 (88%) were treated for injuries. Insect stings and wounds accounted for almost half of the total cases. A substantial proportion (26%) of the patients suffering from stings had a generalized reaction (eg, hives, wheezing, or both). Nearly one-third of the wounds were caused by chain saws. Conclusion: Hurricanes can lead to substantial morbidity in an inland area. Disaster plans should address risks associated with stinging insects and hazardous equipment and should address ways to improve case reporting. RP BREWER, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 731 EP 736 DI 10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70307-8 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA NG662 UT WOS:A1994NG66200004 PM 8161040 ER PT J AU MILLER, LP CRAWFORD, JT SHINNICK, TM AF MILLER, LP CRAWFORD, JT SHINNICK, TM TI THE RPOB GENE OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE; RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BETA-SUBUNIT; TRANSCRIPTION; MUTATIONS; LEPRAE AB A portion of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB) was amplified by PCR using degenerate oligonucleotides and used as a hybridization probe to isolate plasmid clones carrying the entire rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, a virulent, rifampin-susceptible strain. Sequence analysis of a 5,084-bp SacI genomic DNA fragment revealed a 3,534-bp open reading frame encoding an 1,178-amino-acid protein with 57% identity with the Escherichia coli beta subunit. This SacI fragment also carried a portion of the rpoC gene located 43 bp downstream from the 3' end of the rpoB open reading frame; this organization is similar to that of the rpoBC operon of E. coli. The M. tuberculosis rpoB gene was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pMV261 and electroporated into the LR223 strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis, which is highly resistant to rifampin (MIC > 200 mug/ml). The resulting transformants were relatively rifampin susceptible (MIC = 50 mug/ml). Using PCR mutagenesis techniques, we introduced a specific rpoB point mutation (associated with clinical strains of rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis) into the cloned M. tuberculosis rpoB gene and expressed this altered gene in the LR222 strain of M. smegmatis, which is susceptible to rifampin (MIC = 25 mug/ml).--The resulting transformants were rifampin resistant (MIC = 200 mug/ml). The mutagenesis and expression strategy of the cloned M. tuberculosis rpoB gene that we have employed in this study will allow us to determine the rpoB mutations that are responsible for rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis. RP CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 133 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 EI 1098-6596 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD APR PY 1994 VL 38 IS 4 BP 805 EP 811 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA NE046 UT WOS:A1994NE04600030 PM 8031050 ER PT J AU HABES, DJ BHATTACHARYA, A MILLIRON, M AF HABES, DJ BHATTACHARYA, A MILLIRON, M TI EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL KNEE-JOINT STRESS USING LIQUID-CRYSTAL THERMOGRAPHY - A CASE-STUDY SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE CARPET INSTALLERS; LIQUID CRYSTAL THERMOGRAPHY; BIOMECHANICAL LOAD; KNEE-JOINT STRESS ID CARPET AB This paper describes a method to detect knee stress using liquid crystal thermography and presents the results of a case study in which the system was applied to two carpet installers. The method involves placing heat-sensitive sheets of film on the knees of workers at various intervals during the work day. The thermographic sheets react to variations in heat by changing colour. The measurements are taken with the worker's knee positioned in an illuminated, enclosed box. Once the patch stabilizes, the exhibited colours are recorded with an 8 mm video camera. The colour pattern, ranging from brown to blue, provides a thermal record of what is believed to be knee stress resulting from installing carpet. The thermographic records are stored in computer memory for subsequent analysis using an AT&T TARGA 16 video board. Custom software allows computation of the area of each distinct colour pattern as a percentage of total patch size. These records provide a characterization of knee response (inflammation) resulting from the biomechanical load sustained by the knee during the carpet installation task. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,SCH MED,BIOMECH ERGON LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. RP HABES, DJ (reprint author), US DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1016/0003-6870(94)90073-6 PG 5 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA NF955 UT WOS:A1994NF95500007 PM 15676958 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI REVIEW OF SEROLOGIC TESTING FOR HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION AND RISK OF POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS-C SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; ACUTE NON-A; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; 2ND-GENERATION ASSAYS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; LIVER-DISEASE; ANTI-HCV; ANTIBODIES AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis worldwide. Screening volunteer donors for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) has reduced the risk of posttransfusion hepatitis C to less than 1.0% per recipient. Virtually all persons with acute HCV infection seem to become chronically infected, and an average of 67% acquire chronic liver disease with persistently elevated liver enzyme values. Among anti-HCV-positive blood donors, 70% to 90% are HCV RNA positive, but less than half have biochemical evidence of liver disease. The extraordinarily high rate of persistent-infection observed in humans and the lack of protection against rechallenge with homologous HCV strains demonstrated in experimental studies in chimpanzees suggest that HCV fails to induce an effective neutralizing antibody response. This raises major concerns for the development of effective passive or active immuno-prophylaxis against hepatitis C. RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH G37,ATLANTA,GA 30033, USA. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 118 IS 4 BP 342 EP 345 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA NF053 UT WOS:A1994NF05300004 PM 7513149 ER PT J AU SIMON, PA BARON, RC AF SIMON, PA BARON, RC TI AGE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR BURN INJURY REQUIRING HOSPITALIZATION DURING EARLY-CHILDHOOD SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION AB Objective: To examine the variation by age in the rates and causes of burn injury requiring hospitalization during early childhood. Design end Setting: Hospital discharge data and a burn unit admission log were used to identify all children in the Denver (Cole) metropolitan area younger than 5 years who sustained burn injuries and were hospitalized in 1989 and 1990. Patients' medical records were reviewed. Results: One hundred twenty-two children were identified with burn injuries that required hospitalization, an annual incidence of 40.5 per 100 000 children younger than 5 years. Children aged 6 months through 2 years accounted for 88% of all cases and were seven times more likely to be hospitalized for a burn injury than were children outside this age range. Scalding and contact with hot objects accounted for 64% and 20% of cases, respectively, and occurred primarily in the 6-month through 2-year age group. Conclusions: The findings underscore the importance of developmental stage as a determinant of risk and type of burn injury. Children aged 6 months through 2 years are at increased risk of severe burn injury and should be targeted for prevention efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 148 IS 4 BP 394 EP 397 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NF055 UT WOS:A1994NF05500009 PM 8148940 ER PT J AU BROOKS, JB ALMENOFF, PL DANESHVAR, MI JOHNSON, AH SPECHART, VJ BASTA, MT UNGER, SE KING, JN SCHWARTZ, B AF BROOKS, JB ALMENOFF, PL DANESHVAR, MI JOHNSON, AH SPECHART, VJ BASTA, MT UNGER, SE KING, JN SCHWARTZ, B TI DETECTION OF MALIGNANCY-ASSOCIATED METABOLITES IN THE SERA OF CANCER-PATIENTS BY ELECTRON-CAPTURE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PLASMA; DIAGNOSIS; MARKERS; TUMORS AB A reliable test that detects malignancy and indicates response to therapy is needed. Frequency-pulsed electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography (FPEC-GLC), a selective analytical technique that is sensitive to 15 fmol quantities of metabolites, was used to analyse derivatised acidic chloroform extracts of sera from patients with biopsy-proven cancer, non-malignant infectious and non-infectious disease, and healthy controls. Two peaks designated P1 and P10, not found in serum from healthy controls (n = 7) or patients with non-malignant disease (n = 85), were detected in biopsy-proven samples (n = 52) from cancer patients. P1 and P10 were later shown by chemical and mass spectral studies to be carboxylic acids. When one or both of these peaks were detected in the sera of non-treated patients they were always associated with malignancy. In patients responding to therapy, a reduction or disappearance of these peaks was observed. Further, it was noted that P10 persisted or increased in sera of patients with progressive cancer not responding to therapy. We conclude that this test has potential in diagnosis and for following the response of the disease to therapy. C1 MT SINAI SCH PULM CRIT CARE MED,BRONX,NY 10029. VET ADM MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10029. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,NORFOLK,VA 23510. MED ONCOL ASSOC LTD,NORFOLK,VA 23507. PRO LAB DIAGNOST,RICHMOND HILL L4B 1K3,ON,CANADA. GLAXO INC,DIV RES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP BROOKS, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP G06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD APR PY 1994 VL 69 IS 4 BP 655 EP 662 DI 10.1038/bjc.1994.127 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA NC610 UT WOS:A1994NC61000005 PM 8142254 ER PT J AU RAYMOND, EG CNATTINGIUS, S KIELY, JL AF RAYMOND, EG CNATTINGIUS, S KIELY, JL TI EFFECTS OF MATERNAL AGE, PARITY, AND SMOKING ON THE RISK OF STILLBIRTH SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERINATAL-MORTALITY; DELAYED CHILDBEARING; INFANT-MORTALITY; NEONATAL DEATH; PREGNANCY; FETAL; COMPLICATIONS; POPULATION; GROWTH; SWEDEN AB Objective To examine the effects of advanced maternal age, nulliparity, and smoking on risk of stillbirth as gestation advances, and to explore possible clinical mediators of these effects. Design A population based cohort study. Setting Sweden, 1983 to 1989. Subjects All singleton pregnancies of 28 weeks gestation or greater in Nordic citizens at least 20 years old (n = 638242). Main outcome measures Crude and adjusted risks of stillbirth; gestational age specific risks of stillbirth Results Older women (35 years or older), smokers, and nulliparas had elevated risks of stillbirth. The elevated stillbirth risk in smokers was eliminated when women with intrauterine growth retardation, placental abruption, and placenta previa were excluded from the analysis. However, the higher risks in older women and nulliparas persisted even when the analysis excluded women with hypertension, diabetes, placental complications, or growth retardation. Over the course of the third trimester, the age related risk of stillbirth increased, the smoking related risk decreased, and the higher risk in nulliparas showed no clear trend with gestational age. Conclusions The association between smoking and stillbirth is explained entirely by the higher incidence of growth retardation and placental complications in smokers. The clinical mediators of the associations of maternal age and parity with stillbirth remain unexplained. Gestational age is an important modifier of the effects of advanced maternal age and smoking on stillbirth risk. C1 NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,ROCKVILLE,MD. UPPSALA UNIV,DEPT SOCIAL MED,UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV ANAL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 25 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0306-5456 J9 BRIT J OBSTET GYNAEC JI Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 101 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13614.x PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA NF505 UT WOS:A1994NF50500006 PM 8199075 ER PT J AU MARCOVINA, SM ALBERS, JJ KENNEDY, H MEI, JV HENDERSON, LO HANNON, WH AF MARCOVINA, SM ALBERS, JJ KENNEDY, H MEI, JV HENDERSON, LO HANNON, WH TI INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY STANDARDIZATION PROJECT FOR MEASUREMENTS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-B .4. COMPARABILITY OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-B VALUES BY USE OF INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MATERIAL SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOASSAYS ID CANDIDATE REFERENCE AB We performed temporal and thermal stability studies on SP3-07, a liquid-stabilized reference material for apolipoprotein (ape) B, selected during the previous phase of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry project on standardization of apolipoprotein measurements. Results indicate that SP3-07 stored at -70 degrees C has the long-term stability required for a reference material. We assigned an accuracy-based apo B value of 1.22 g/L to SP3-07, using a nephelometric method that was calibrated with freshly isolated low-density lipoprotein for which the apo B mass value was determined by a standardized sodium dodecyl sulfate-Lowry procedure. Using a common protocol, the study participants transferred the assigned mass value from SP3-07 to the individual calibrators of the analytical systems and measured the ape B concentration of 20 fresh-frozen samples obtained from individual donors and covering a clinically relevant range of apo B values. The among-laboratory CV on these samples, analyzed by 25 analytical systems, ranged from 3.1% to 6.7%. These results demonstrate the lack of matrix effects of SP3-07 and its ability to provide accurate and comparable apo B values in a variety of immunochemical methods. On the basis of the outcome of these studies, the World Health Organization has endorsed SP3-07 as the International Reference Material for Apolipoprotein B. C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP MARCOVINA, SM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,NW LIPID RES LABS,DEPT MED,2121 N 35TH ST,SEATTLE,WA 98103, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 44105] NR 20 TC 214 Z9 221 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD APR PY 1994 VL 40 IS 4 BP 586 EP 592 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NE582 UT WOS:A1994NE58200017 PM 8149615 ER PT J AU FOWLER, MG MOFENSON, L ROGERS, M AF FOWLER, MG MOFENSON, L ROGERS, M TI SYMPOSIUM-IN-WRITING - INTRODUCTION SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NICHHD,CTR RES MOTHERS & CHILDREN,ADOLESCENT & MATERNAL AIDS BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. RP FOWLER, MG (reprint author), NIAID,DIV AIDS,VACCINE TRIALS & EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,PERINATAL TRANSMISS & PEDIAT SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1006/clin.1994.1042 PG 1 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA NE054 UT WOS:A1994NE05400001 ER PT J AU NAHMIAS, A IBEGBU, C LEE, F SPIRA, T AF NAHMIAS, A IBEGBU, C LEE, F SPIRA, T TI THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM - IMPORTANCE IN THE ASCERTAINMENT OF IMMUNOPHENOTYPIC CHANGES IN PERINATAL HIV-INFECTION SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Measurement and Use of CD4 and Other Lymphocyte Immunophenotypic Markers in Pediatric HIV Infection CY OCT 22-23, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NIAID, NICHH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; T-CELL PRECURSORS; CD5 B-CELLS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; FETAL INFECTION; LYMPHOCYTES; ONTOGENY; DIAGNOSIS AB Evidence is presented that the percentage and number of some subsets of T and B cells in normal children and adults vary greatly from those in fetal life and throughout the first few years after birth, and less so during adolescence and adulthood. Depending then on the age at which immunological studies are performed, as well as whether the HIV infection occurs in utero, at birth, or postnatally, values obtained by immunophenotypic analyses of differentiating or mature immunocytes will vary greatly. A concerted effort needs to be made to measure different developmental and activation immunophenotypic markers, from birth on, in premature and full-term infants of varying socioeconomic and ethnic background. Results from such studies should improve our ability to determine the timing of HIV infection, to obtain earlier guidelines for prophylaxis or treatment of the virus or of opportunistic infections, as well as to improve prognostic capabilities in perinatal HIV infection. (C) Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP NAHMIAS, A (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & IMMUNOL,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32456]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-26634]; PHS HHS [U64-CCU404456] NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 2 EP 7 DI 10.1006/clin.1994.1043 PG 6 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA NE054 UT WOS:A1994NE05400002 PM 8137556 ER PT J AU IBEGBU, C SPIRA, TJ NESHEIM, S MENDEZ, H LEE, F POLLIOTTI, B CABA, J NAHMIAS, A AF IBEGBU, C SPIRA, TJ NESHEIM, S MENDEZ, H LEE, F POLLIOTTI, B CABA, J NAHMIAS, A TI SUBPOPULATIONS OF T-CELLS AND B-CELLS IN PERINATALLY HIV-INFECTED AND NONINFECTED AGE-MATCHED CHILDREN COMPARED WITH THOSE IN ADULTS SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Measurement and Use of CD4 and Other Lymphocyte Immunophenotypic Markers in Pediatric HIV Infection CY OCT 22-23, 1992 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP NIAID, NICHH, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; RECEPTOR; ANTIGEN; CD5+ AB Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified for the subsets of CD4, CD8, and CD19 lymphocytes by using CD45RA (2H4), CD29(4B4), CD57, CD5, CD10, Leu8, HLA-DR, and TCR gamma delta-1 monoclonal antibodies and dual color immunofluorescence. A comparative analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations was made among 52 HIV-infected and 50 age-matched control children and 30 HIV-seropositive and 27 negative control adults. A significant decrease in the CD4(+)CD45RA(+) ''naive'' cells was much more marked in HIV-infected children than in HIV-infected adults. A significant percentage increase in the CD4(+)CD29(+) ''memory'' cells was observed in HIV-infected children but not in infected adults; however, the absolute numbers were usually decreased in all age groups. The mean percentage and absolute numbers of CD4(+)CD7(+) and CD4(+)Leu8(+) cells were decreased in HIV-infected children, although usually not significantly. The CD3(+)TCR gamma delta-1(+) did not show any change in the infected children tested. The mean percentage and absolute number of the CD8(+)HLA(-)DR(+) cells increased significantly in HIV-infected persons of all ages. The CD8(+)CD57(+) cells were increased in percentage and absolute number in HIV-infected children ages 1-4 and 4-8 years. In the adults, no change was noted in either the percentage or absolute number of CD19(+)CD5(+) B cells, a finding similar to that noted in HIV-infected children above 1 year of age. Although adults showed a significant decrease in both percentage and numbers of CD5(-) B cells, an increase was noted in the 7- to 12-month-old HIV-infected children. The CD19(+)CD10(+) cells showed a slight but significant decrease in the youngest age group and a significant increase in the older age groups of HIV-infected children. These findings indicate that several lymphocyte subpopulations are altered differentially during HIV infection in children of varying ages and in adults. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30303. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BROOKLYN,NY 11203. RP IBEGBU, C (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & IMMUNOL,69 BUTLER ST,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [NIAID AI-32456]; NICHD NIH HHS [NICHD HD-26634]; NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC U64-CCU404456] NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 71 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1006/clin.1994.1047 PG 6 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA NE054 UT WOS:A1994NE05400006 PM 7511082 ER PT J AU BERLIN, OGW NOVAK, SM PORSCHEN, RK LONG, EG STELMA, GN SCHAEFFER, FW AF BERLIN, OGW NOVAK, SM PORSCHEN, RK LONG, EG STELMA, GN SCHAEFFER, FW TI RECOVERY OF CYCLOSPORA ORGANISMS FROM PATIENTS WITH PROLONGED DIARRHEA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CYANOBACTERIUM-LIKE BODIES; TRAVELERS; PATHOGEN; NEPAL AB A newly recognized protozoan human parasite, Cyclospora has been incriminated as the cause of prolonged diarrhea. Five patients had episodes of diarrhea accompanied by nausea, weight loss, and/or low-grade fever for 10-45 days. Multiple fecal samples fixed in sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin contained spherical organisms measuring 8-10 mum in diameter; a modified concentration technique was used to detect them. The sediment was examined by direct microscopy and autofluorescence, and the identification was confirmed by acid-fast stain. All patients had visited either Mexico or Thailand. The presence of Cyclospora organisms in these patients shows that these can be etiologic agents of traveler's diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Fecal specimens from patients with unexplained diarrhea should be routinely examined for their presence. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP BERLIN, OGW (reprint author), MICROBIOL REFERENCE LAB,10703 PROGRESS WAY,CYPRESS,CA 90630, USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 606 EP 609 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NE074 UT WOS:A1994NE07400016 PM 8038317 ER PT J AU BIAVASCO, F MANSO, E GIOVANNINI, A FRONGIA, G SCAGLIA, M LUPIDI, R GIOVANETTI, E TITTARELLI, R STEELE, ADM VISVESVARA, GS VARALDO, PE AF BIAVASCO, F MANSO, E GIOVANNINI, A FRONGIA, G SCAGLIA, M LUPIDI, R GIOVANETTI, E TITTARELLI, R STEELE, ADM VISVESVARA, GS VARALDO, PE TI BILATERAL ACANTHAMOEBA-KERATITIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV ANCONA,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,I-60135 ANCONA,ITALY. UNIV PAVIA,SCH MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,CLIN PARASITOL LAB,I-27100 PAVIA,ITALY. MOORFIELDS EYE HOSP,CORNEAL CLIN,LONDON WC1V 7AN,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP BIAVASCO, F (reprint author), UNIV ANCONA,SCH MED,INST MICROBIOL,VIA RANIERI,I-60135 ANCONA,ITALY. OI Biavasco, Francesca/0000-0002-8582-2227 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 661 EP 662 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NE074 UT WOS:A1994NE07400038 PM 8038336 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM MODANSKY, M STEPHENS, DS ELLIOT, J FACKLAM, R WENGER, JD BAUGHMAN, W FARLEY, MM AF BLUMBERG, HM MODANSKY, M STEPHENS, DS ELLIOT, J FACKLAM, R WENGER, JD BAUGHMAN, W FARLEY, MM TI EMERGENCE OF INVASIVE SEROTYPE-V GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP A298 EP A298 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA NF020 UT WOS:A1994NF02001058 ER PT J AU HAIR, GA SCHMEIZL, M DISTASIO, D ZEFF, R RICKLES, FR AF HAIR, GA SCHMEIZL, M DISTASIO, D ZEFF, R RICKLES, FR TI N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION IS REQUIRED FOR MEMBRANE EXPRESSION OF CELLULAR TISSUE FACTOR SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. VET ADM MED CTR,NEWINGTON,CT 06111. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP A183 EP A183 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA NF020 UT WOS:A1994NF02000410 ER PT J AU RAY, SM BERSCHLING, J COOPER, J ERDMAN, D TOROK, TJ BLUMBERG, HM AF RAY, SM BERSCHLING, J COOPER, J ERDMAN, D TOROK, TJ BLUMBERG, HM TI PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS - LOW-RISK OF NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION TO HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 2 BP A301 EP A301 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA NF020 UT WOS:A1994NF02001075 ER PT J AU CHILDS, JE ROLLIN, PE AF CHILDS, JE ROLLIN, PE TI EMERGENCE OF HANTAVIRUS DISEASE IN THE USA AND EUROPE SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Since the first isolation of hantavirus in 1976, these viruses and the diseases they cause have become recognized as a worldwide public health problem. Within the past decade, hantaviruses have emerged as an important cause of acute renal failure in many European countries, and, in 1993, an explosive outbreak of acute pulmonary disease with a high case fatality ratio was traced to a newly recognized hantavirus in southwestern USA. In nature, these zoonotic agents are maintained by rodents, with ecologic and environmental factors believed to play an important role in outbreaks. RP CHILDS, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 220 EP 224 DI 10.1097/00001432-199404000-00014 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA ND758 UT WOS:A1994ND75800014 ER PT J AU COOKSEY, RC CRAWFORD, JT AF COOKSEY, RC CRAWFORD, JT TI DETECTION OF THE 10-KD ANTIGEN STRUCTURAL GENE IN MYCOBACTERIA BY USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS; BCG; DNA AB The structural gene encoding the l0-kD antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The 297-base-pair (bp) product was detected among 45 strains representing 14 mycobacterial species, but was absent from II species related to the mycobacteria. The gene was localized to a similar to 2000-bp SstII restriction fragment of the organisms' chromosomes. RP COOKSEY, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90023-X PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NW367 UT WOS:A1994NW36700003 PM 7924217 ER PT J AU USERA, MA ECHEITA, A OLSVIK, O EVINS, GM CAMERON, DN POPOVIC, T AF USERA, MA ECHEITA, A OLSVIK, O EVINS, GM CAMERON, DN POPOVIC, T TI MOLECULAR SUBTYPING OF VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-01 STRAINS RECENTLY ISOLATED FROM PATIENT, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES IN SPAIN SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; PORTUGAL; AMERICA; TOXIN AB Nineteen Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Spain from patient, food and environmental samples in the period 1990-1992 were characterized by detection of cholera toxin by enzyme immunoassay, detection of cholera toxin gene by polymerase chain reaction, and by biotyping, ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Ten isolates were toxigenic and were further characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Molecular subtyping methods allowed precise differentiation between isolates, indicating their geographic origin. Isolates associated with the ongoing seventh pandemic were distinguishable from those associated with the present Latin American epidemic. All isolates from the environment and seafood were nontoxigenic, and were genetically different and more diverse than toxigenic isolates. The data suggest that a focus of endemic cholera does not exist in Spain, and that the analyzed nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from imported seafood were not a threat to public health. C1 INST SALUD CARLOS 3,CTR NACL MICROBIOL VIROL & INMUNOL SANITARIAS,E-28220 MADRID,SPAIN. RP USERA, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1007/BF01974604 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NK881 UT WOS:A1994NK88100002 PM 8070433 ER PT J AU LIMBURG, P AHLQUIST, D YIP, R KRUSE, D STITHAM, S CARPENTER, H AF LIMBURG, P AHLQUIST, D YIP, R KRUSE, D STITHAM, S CARPENTER, H TI PANDEMIC OCCULT GASTROINTESTINAL-BLEEDING AMONG YUPIK ESKIMOS - ROLE OF HELICOBACTER-PYLORI SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. YUKON KUSKOKWIM DELTA REG HOSP,BETHEL,AR. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90900495 ER PT J AU SHAKIL, AO CONRYCANTILENA, C MELPOLDER, J ALTER, HJ HOOFNAGLE, JH KRAWCZYNSKI, K TADESCHI, V DIBISCEGLIE, AM AF SHAKIL, AO CONRYCANTILENA, C MELPOLDER, J ALTER, HJ HOOFNAGLE, JH KRAWCZYNSKI, K TADESCHI, V DIBISCEGLIE, AM TI LIVER HISTOPATHOLOGY IN BLOOD-DONORS WITH HEPATITIS-C AND NORMAL SERUM ALT LEVELS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1994 VL 106 IS 4 SU S BP A981 EP A981 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA NH909 UT WOS:A1994NH90903901 ER PT J AU UDHAYAKUMAR, V SHI, YP KUMAR, S JUE, DL WOHLHUETER, RM LAL, AA AF UDHAYAKUMAR, V SHI, YP KUMAR, S JUE, DL WOHLHUETER, RM LAL, AA TI ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY IN THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM ABROGATES CYTOTOXIC-T-CELL RECOGNITION SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTES-T; EPITOPES; MALARIA; POLYMORPHISM; ESCAPE AB Genetic analysis of field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum has shown selective accumulation of point mutations within the immunologically sensitive sites of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein, a vaccine candidate against malaria. This raised concern whether a vaccine containing the sequence of a selected strain of P. falciparum would be able to confer protection against other variant parasites. The answer to this question remained speculative, and in this study, we have formally tested the immunological impact of such natural variations within a known cytotoxic-T-cell (CTL) epitope, which is recognized by both human and murine CTLs. With a murine model, CTLs were generated against the 7G8 strain of P. falciparum The ability of these CTLs to lyse histocompatible targets that were pulsed with synthetic peptides corresponding to polymorphic sequences of Brazilian, Papua New Guinean, and The Gambian isolates was determined. While these CTLs were able to recognize three of the four variant CS sequences found in Brazil and Papua New Guinea, they failed to recognize four of the five variant CS sequences found in The Gambia. Among the peptides that lost their reactivity to 7G8-specific CTL, all except one had amino acid variation in more than one residue. On the other hand, only one of the four peptides that showed a positive reaction had amino acid substitutions in more than a single residue. Thus, our findings demonstrate that natural amino acid variations in the CS protein abrogate CTL recognition. Therefore, it is important to consider the implications of these results in designing CS protein-based vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,MALARIA RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20852. RP UDHAYAKUMAR, V (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MALARIA BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MAIL STOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [NIAID/CDC 1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1994 VL 62 IS 4 BP 1410 EP 1413 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NC074 UT WOS:A1994NC07400037 PM 7510668 ER PT J AU DUTRA, WO MARTINS-FILHO, OA CANCADO, JR PINTODIAS, JC BRENER, Z FREEMAN, GL COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G PARRA, JC AF DUTRA, WO MARTINS-FILHO, OA CANCADO, JR PINTODIAS, JC BRENER, Z FREEMAN, GL COLLEY, DG GAZZINELLI, G PARRA, JC TI ACTIVATED T-LYMPHOCYTES AND B-LYMPHOCYTES IN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH CHAGAS-DISEASE SO INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACTIVATED T CELLS; CD5 B CELLS; FLOW CYTOMETRY; TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; LY-1 B; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CELLS; EXPRESSION; CD5; RESPONSES; MICE; AUTOANTIBODIES AB Whole blood preparations from patients with either the indeterminate (asymptomatic) or cardiac clinical forms of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection were analyzed by flow cytometry using double-labeling to identify subsets of circulating lymphocytes. Several significant differences were demonstrated between the blood lymphocyte profiles of chagasic patients and non-chagasic controls. Clear increase in the percentages and actual numbers of double-positive cells of the phenotype CD3(+)/HLA-DR(+), as well as decrease in the percentage of CD45RA(+)/CD4(+) and CD45RA(+)/CD8(+) T cells, indicate greater numbers of activated T cells circulating in the blood of infected patients. Consistent parallel increases were seen also in the B lymphocyte subset which stained double-positive for CD19/CD5. There were no significant differences in the circulation of these chronic chagasic patients in the CD4:CD8 ratios. Also, no substantive phenotypic differences were observed in the lymphocyte populations between the two ends of the clinical spectrum (indeterminate versus cardiac) in chronic human Chagas' disease. These observations demonstrate that increased levels of activated T cells and CD5(+) a cells are present in the circulation of people with chronic Chagas' disease. These are cell phenotypes that have been associated in other conditions with autoimmune, polyclonal, and hyperimmune responses. The specificities of these activated cells and the roles they may play in resistance or pathogenesis during chronic Chagas' disease need now to be determined. C1 FIOCRUZ MS, CTR PESQUISAS RENE RACHOU, BR-30190002 BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS, ICB, DEPT BIOQUIM IMUNOL, BR-30000 BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NCID, DPD, PARASIT DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. UNIV FED MINAS GERAIS, HOSP CLIN, BR-30000 BELO HORIZONTE, MG, BRAZIL. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-26505] NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0953-8178 J9 INT IMMUNOL JI Int. Immunol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 6 IS 4 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1093/intimm/6.4.499 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA NF242 UT WOS:A1994NF24200002 PM 8018591 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, M BULKOW, LR LANIER, AP SMITH, RA HAWKINS, I JENSEN, H KIVIAT, N AF DAVIDSON, M BULKOW, LR LANIER, AP SMITH, RA HAWKINS, I JENSEN, H KIVIAT, N TI INCIDENCE OF INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER PRECEDED BY NEGATIVE SCREENING IN HIGH-RISK ALASKA NATIVE WOMEN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; RAPID PROGRESSION; CYTOLOGY; POPULATION; CARCINOMAS; NEOPLASIA; ASSOCIATION; DENMARK; LESIONS AB Background. Alaska Native women experience higher invasive cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates than US whites despite a long-standing cancer screening programme including recommendations for annual Pap smears. Methods. To determine the frequency and results of cytological screening preceding their diagnoses, a histological and medical record review was completed for 44 of 46 Alaska Native cases of invasive cervical cancer from a defined population. An interval cancer (no prior dysplasia and a negative screening report within 3 years of diagnosis) was determined for 23 women. Mean number of negative reports during the 3- and 5-year intervals before diagnosis was 1.7 and 2.6 respectively. The age-adjusted incidence rate for all cervical cancer was 24.0/100 000 women/year and for interval cancer with single and multiple negative reports during the 3-year interval before diagnosis it was 11.6, and 9.6 respectively. Sensitivity of a Pap smear to demonstrate dysplasia during the year before diagnosis was 51%. Conclusions. Annual cytological screening of all Alaska Native women with current methods would provide earlier diagnoses for only an additional 15% of cervical cancer cases. Plausible but unproven explanations include rapid progression through precursor stages of neoplasia or random screening errors. Improved or ancillary screening methods appear necessary. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SERV,COMMUNITY HLTH SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CANC PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. RIGSHOSP,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SEATTLE,WA 98104. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1093/ije/23.2.238 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN335 UT WOS:A1994NN33500004 PM 8082948 ER PT J AU NOBRE, FF STROUP, DF AF NOBRE, FF STROUP, DF TI A MONITORING-SYSTEM TO DETECT CHANGES IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; DISEASES AB One task faced by public health surveillance practitioners is the timely identification of data patterns that might suggest the onset of an epidemic period. Many available techniques for analysis of surveillance data are based on sequential procedures, which predict expected numbers of cases and compare this estimate with observed values. To detect changes in the reported occurrence of a disease (increase, decrease, or change in trend), we used exponential smoothing and transformation of the difference between the observed and estimated data to calculate a function called the probability index. We illustrate this procedure using weekly provisional data for measles cases in the US reported through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The method is potentially useful in public health surveillance to facilitate prompt intervention and prevention efforts, since it can be used at the national and regional levels without the requirement for sophisticated computing. C1 FED UNIV RIO DE JANEIRO,COORDENACAO PROGRAMAS POSGRAD ENGN,BIOMED ENGN PROGRAMME,BR-21945 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RP NOBRE, FF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CDC,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP CO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Nobre, Flavio/K-6179-2012 NR 16 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 23 IS 2 BP 408 EP 418 DI 10.1093/ije/23.2.408 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NN335 UT WOS:A1994NN33500027 PM 8082970 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ NETO, JR STEIGERWALT, AG ROBBS, CF AF BRENNER, DJ NETO, JR STEIGERWALT, AG ROBBS, CF TI ERWINIA-NULANDII IS A SUBJECTIVE SYNONYM OF ERWINIA-PERSICINUS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL AB The organism named ''Erwinia nulandii'' was isolated in 1979 from bean seeds and was described in 1981, but the name was never validated. The results of biochemical tests and membrane protein profile and DNA relatedness studies indicated that this name is synonymous with Erwinia persicinus, a validly published name for a species previously isolated from, but not shown to be pathogenic for, tomatoes, bananas, and cucumbers. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all E. persicinus strains, including an ''E. nulandii'' strain, were pathogenic for bean pods and seeds. C1 INST BIOL,SECAO BACTERIOL FITOPATOL,BR-13001970 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. EMBRAPA CTAA,BR-23020 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 282 EP 284 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NE811 UT WOS:A1994NE81100014 PM 8186091 ER PT J AU TAKEBE, Y SATO, H TANIGUCHI, K TOMITA, Y ONO, A OKA, S MIYAKUNI, T IMAI, M PAU, CP OU, CY WENIGER, BG KIMURA, S SHIMADA, K YAMAZAKI, S AF TAKEBE, Y SATO, H TANIGUCHI, K TOMITA, Y ONO, A OKA, S MIYAKUNI, T IMAI, M PAU, CP OU, CY WENIGER, BG KIMURA, S SHIMADA, K YAMAZAKI, S TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV AIDS EPIDEMIC IN ASIA SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th NIH Symposium on AIDS CY MAY 20, 1994 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP NIH ID THAILAND C1 UNIV TOKYO,TOKYO 113,JAPAN. NAHA HOSP,NAHA,JAPAN. KANAGAWA INST PUBL HLTH,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TAKEBE, Y (reprint author), NATL INST HLTH,AIDS RES CTR,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST HEALTH PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN J MED SCI BIOL, 23-1, TOYAMA 1-CHOME, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO 162, JAPAN SN 0021-5112 J9 JPN J MED SCI BIOL JI Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 47 IS 2 BP 114 EP 116 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA PB760 UT WOS:A1994PB76000007 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE CAMARA, T HANNE, T GREEN, D KHABBAZ, R LEGUENNO, B AF KAPLAN, JE CAMARA, T HANNE, T GREEN, D KHABBAZ, R LEGUENNO, B TI LOW-PREVALENCE OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AMONG PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN SENEGAL SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HTLV-I; INFECTION; RISK; LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA; LEPROSY C1 CHU FANN,SERV PNEUMOPHTISIOL,DAKAR,SENEGAL. INST PASTEUR,CTR NATL REFERENCE FIEVRES HEMORRHAG VIRALES,PARIS,FRANCE. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 4 BP 418 EP 420 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NC775 UT WOS:A1994NC77500018 PM 8133454 ER PT J AU STUPP, PW MACKE, BA MONTEITH, R PAREDEZ, S AF STUPP, PW MACKE, BA MONTEITH, R PAREDEZ, S TI ETHNICITY AND THE USE OF HEALTH-SERVICES IN BELIZE SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Data from the 1991 Belize Family Health Survey show differentials in the use of maternal and child health services between ethnic groups (Creole, Mestizo, Maya/Ketchi and Garifuna). Multivariate analysis is used to explore whether such differentials can truly be attributed to ethnicity or to other characteristics that distinguish the ethnic groups. Health services considered are: family planning, place of delivery (hospital/other), postpartum and newborn check-ups after a birth, and immunisations for children. The language usually spoken in the household is found to be important for interpreting ethnic differentials. Mayan-speaking Maya/Ketchis are significantly less likely to use family planning services or to give birth in a hospital. Spanish-speakers (Mestizos and Maya/Ketchis) are less likely to use newborn and postpartum check-ups, after controlling for other characteristics. There are no ethnic differentials for immunisations. Programmatic implications of these results are discussed. C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST FINANCE,CENT STAT OFF,BELMOPAN,BELIZE. RP STUPP, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU GALTON FOUNDATION PI COLCHESTER PA P O BOX 32 COMMERCE WAY, COLCHESTER, ESSEX, ENGLAND CO2 8HP SN 0021-9320 J9 J BIOSOC SCI JI J. Biosoc. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2 BP 165 EP 177 PG 13 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA NE604 UT WOS:A1994NE60400003 PM 8014173 ER PT J AU PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF AF PINCUS, T CALLAHAN, LF TI ASSOCIATIONS OF LOW FORMAL EDUCATION LEVEL AND POOR HEALTH-STATUS - BEHAVIORAL, IN ADDITION TO DEMOGRAPHIC AND MEDICAL, EXPLANATIONS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RHEUMATOLOGY ATTITUDES INDEX; SOCIAL-CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RISK-FACTORS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ALAMEDA COUNTY; LEARNED HELPLESSNESS; CANCER SURVIVAL; EARNINGS LOSSES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PINCUS, T (reprint author), VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,T-3218 MED CTR N,NASHVILLE,TN 37232, USA. FU PHS HHS [21393] NR 105 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 47 IS 4 BP 355 EP 361 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(94)90156-2 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NG685 UT WOS:A1994NG68500005 PM 7730860 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL LEW, JF MOE, CL LEWIS, DC HUMPHREY, CD MONROE, SS PON, EW GLASS, RI AF HERWALDT, BL LEW, JF MOE, CL LEWIS, DC HUMPHREY, CD MONROE, SS PON, EW GLASS, RI TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A VARIANT STRAIN OF NORWALK VIRUS FROM A FOOD-BORNE OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS ON A CRUISE SHIP IN HAWAII SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION AB A gastroenteritis outbreak affecting at least 217 (41%) of 527 passengers on a cruise ship was caused by a variant strain of Norwalk virus (NV) that is related to but distinct from the prototype NV strain. Consumption of fresh-cut fruit served at two buffets was significantly associated with illness (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.01), and a significant dose-response relationship was evident between illness and the number of various fresh-cut fruit items eaten. Seven (58%) of 12 paired serum specimens from ill persons demonstrated at least fourfold rises in antibody response to recombinant NV capsid antigen. A 32-nm small round-structured virus was visualized by electron microscopy in 4 (29%) of 14 fecal specimens, but none of the 8 specimens that were examined by an enzyme immunoassay for NV antigen demonstrated antigen. Four (40%) of 10 fecal specimens were positive by reverse transcriptase-PCR by using primer pairs selected from the polymerase region of NV. In a 145-bp region, the PCR product shared only 72% nucleotide sequence identity with the reference NV strain and 77% nucleotide sequence identity with Southampton virus but shared 95% nucleotide sequence identity with UK2 virus, a United Kingdom reference virus strain. In addition, the outbreak virus was serotyped as UK2 virus by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. The genetic and antigenic divergence of the outbreak strain from the reference NV strain highlights the need for more broadly reactive diagnostic assays and for improved understanding of the relatedness of the NV group of agents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,DIV MICROANALYT EVALUAT,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. PUBL HLTH LAB,LEEDS,ENGLAND. HAWAII DEPT HLTH,HONOLULU,HI 96813. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 34 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 861 EP 866 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900001 PM 8027335 ER PT J AU PADHYE, AA SMITH, G STANDARD, PG MCLAUGHLIN, D KAUFMAN, L AF PADHYE, AA SMITH, G STANDARD, PG MCLAUGHLIN, D KAUFMAN, L TI COMPARATIVE-EVALUATION OF CHEMILUMINESCENT DNA-PROBE ASSAYS AND EXOANTIGEN TESTS FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF BLASTOMYCES-DERMATITIDIS AND COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CULTURES; FUNGI AB Chemiluminescent DNA probe (Accuprobe) assays developed by Gen-Probe, Inc. (San Diego, Calif.), for the rapid identification of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioides immitis were evaluated and compared with the exoantigen test by using 74 mycelial cultures of B. dermatitidis and 72 mycelial cultures of C. immitis. Seventeen isolates of the dimorphic pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were included because of their gross morphologic and antigenic relatedness to B. dermatitidis. The heterologous fungi, namely, species of Chrysosporium, which are often confused with B. dermatitidis, and species of Malbranchea, which morphologically resemble C. immitis, were tested. All 74 of the B. dermatitidis mycelial isolates were correctly identified by the Accuprobe assay for B. dermatitidis within 2 h. However, the B. dermatitidis probe cross-hybridized with rRNA extracts of 10 of the 17 P. brasiliensis isolates, misidentifying them as B. dermatitidis. All 72 of the C. immitis isolates were identified correctly with the (. immitis probe. None of the other heterologous fungi belonging to Chrysosporium spp., Malbranchea spp., Onychocola canadensis, and Geotrichum sp. were cross-reactive with the B. dermatitidis and C. immitis probes. The exoantigen tests specifically identified 74 B. dermatitidis, 72 C. immitis, and 17 P. brasiliensis isolates within 48 to 72 h and differentiated the related heterologous fungi from the three dimorphic fungal pathogens. RP PADHYE, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 867 EP 870 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900002 PM 8027336 ER PT J AU SESSEGOLO, JF LEVIN, ASS LEVY, CE ASENSI, M FACKLAM, RR TEIXEIRA, LM AF SESSEGOLO, JF LEVIN, ASS LEVY, CE ASENSI, M FACKLAM, RR TEIXEIRA, LM TI DISTRIBUTION OF SEROTYPES AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN BRAZIL FROM 1988 TO 1992 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOCOCCI; PENICILLIN; ANTIBIOTICS; MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; VACCINE; HUNGARY; SPAIN AB Forty-two serotypes were identified among 288 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients living in Brazil. Serotyping was determined by the capsular typing test (Quellung reaction). Types 14 (10.4%), 6B (9.8%), 23F (8.0%), 5 (7.3%), 19F (6.9%), 6A (6.0%), and 1 and 4 (4.6%) were the most commonly identified strains. Two hundred twenty (76.4%) of the strains were of serotypes that are included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. If vaccine-related serotypes are also considered, the proportions of coverage in the vaccine are 82.3% (if type 6B alone is added) and 85.7% (if all the vaccine-related types are considered to be cross-protecting). Decreased susceptibility to penicillin, which was identified by using the 1-mug oxacillin disk method as a screening test, was detected in 70 (26.7%) strains. The MICs of nine antimicrobial agents were determined by using the procedures recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Seventy (35.9%) of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, 57 (29.2%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 3 (1.5%) were resistant to rifampin, 2 (0.80%) were resistant to penicillin, and 1 (0.5%) was resistant to chloramphenicol. The two penicillin-resistant strains were also resistant to or had decreased susceptibilities to cephalosporins. Forty-seven (17.9%) of the strains were intermediately resistant to penicillin, 17 (8.7%) were intermediately resistant to tetracycline, 13 (6.7%) were intermediately resistant to chloramphenicol, 12 (6.1%) were intermediately resistant to erythromycin, and 6 (3.1%) were intermediately resistant to rifampin. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP DIS BRANCH,MS-G07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. FAC MED RIBEIRAO PRETO,HOSP CLIN,RIBEIRAO PRET,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,HOSP CLIN,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. FDN OSWALDO CRUZ,INST FERNANDES FIGUEIRA,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RI Levin, Anna/C-8831-2012 OI Levin, Anna/0000-0003-2427-8368 NR 29 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 906 EP 911 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900009 PM 8027342 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, B SIMS, K REGNERY, R ROBINSON, L SCHMIDT, MJ GORAL, S HAGER, C EDWARDS, K AF ANDERSON, B SIMS, K REGNERY, R ROBINSON, L SCHMIDT, MJ GORAL, S HAGER, C EDWARDS, K TI DETECTION OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE DNA IN SPECIMENS FROM CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE PATIENTS BY PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS; AGENT; PROTEOBACTERIA; THERAPY AB A PCR assay was developed by using degenerate primers that allow amplification of a 414-bp fragment of DNA from the rickettsia-like organisms Rochalimaea henselae and R. quintana. Internal oligonucleotides were used as hybridization probes, permitting rapid differentiation of these two Rochalimaea species. DNAs from 12 different isolates of R. henselae were amplified with the PCR primers, and the resulting 414-bp PCR product hybridized only with the R. henselae-specific probe. DNAs from four different isolates of R. quintana were amplified and produced a PCR product of the same size that hybridized only with the R. quintana-specific probe. DNAs from isolates of R. elizabethae, R. vinsonii, Bartonella bacilliformis, and Afipia felis failed to amplify the 414-bp fragment in the PCR assay. This two-step assay was applied to DNAs extracted from 16 fresh (unfixed) lymph node biopsy specimens and nine aspirates from patients with clinical cat scratch disease (CSI)) to assay for the presence of R. henselae or R. quintana DNA in these samples. Twenty-one (84%) of 25 lymph node samples from CSD patients were positive for R. henselae, while none were positive for R. quintana. The characteristic 414-bp fragment was not amplified from eight lymph node tissue samples from non-CSD cases. These results provide evidence that R. henselae, and not R. quintana, plays the central role in the etiology of CSD. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. RP ANDERSON, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 27 TC 234 Z9 239 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 942 EP 948 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900015 PM 8027347 ER PT J AU YAKRUS, MA STRAUS, WL AF YAKRUS, MA STRAUS, WL TI DNA POLYMORPHISMS DETECTED IN MYCOBACTERIUM-HAEMOPHILUM BY PULSED-FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INFECTION AB Nineteen isolates of Mycobacterium haemophilum were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large restriction fragments generated by digestion of chromosomal DNA with XbaI. Six patterns were observed. Twelve of 16 M. haemophilum isolates (75%) collected in the New York Metropolitan Area from 1990 to 1991 shared the same pattern, including all six isolates submitted from one hospital. Two different patterns were seen among the other four isolates. Individual isolates from Albany, N.Y., Florida, and Texas had unique patterns. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the first method reported with the capability to type strains of M. haemophilum and will hopefully provide insight into the source and transmission of this emerging pathogen. RP YAKRUS, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1083 EP 1084 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900046 PM 8027317 ER PT J AU GALLAGHER, M MORRIS, TT FIELDS, HA AF GALLAGHER, M MORRIS, TT FIELDS, HA TI CHEMILUMINESCENT HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY FOR HEPATITIS DELTA-VIRUS RNA IN SERUM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID DNA AB A nonradioactive hybridization assay for the detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA in serum is described. This assay utilizes a digoxigenin-labeled RNA hybridization probe and chemiluminescent immunodetection. The probe can detect as little as 0.4 pg of cDNA with a 60-min exposure. Results obtained are in agreement with serological indicators of hepatitis delta virus infection and are comparable to those obtained by hybridization assays employing radioactively labeled RNA. RP GALLAGHER, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1114 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NB469 UT WOS:A1994NB46900056 PM 8027326 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, M SCHNITZER, PC BULKOW, LR PARKINSON, AJ SCHLOSS, ML FITZGERALD, MA KNIGHT, JA MURPHY, CM KIVIAT, NB TOOMEY, KE REEVES, WC SCHMID, DC STAMM, WE AF DAVIDSON, M SCHNITZER, PC BULKOW, LR PARKINSON, AJ SCHLOSS, ML FITZGERALD, MA KNIGHT, JA MURPHY, CM KIVIAT, NB TOOMEY, KE REEVES, WC SCHMID, DC STAMM, WE TI THE PREVALENCE OF CERVICAL INFECTION WITH HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES AND CERVICAL DYSPLASIA IN ALASKA NATIVE WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; CANCER INCIDENCE; POPULATION; RISK; ANTIBODIES; NEOPLASIA; AMERICAN; TRACT AB Alaska Native women historically have high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and invasive cervical cancer. Their prevalence of cervical infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) in relation to cervical dysplasia was determined with a commercial dot hybridization test for seven HPV genotypes. Type-specific HPV DNA, similarly distributed between genotype groups 16/18 and 31/33/35, was detected in 234 cervical specimens (21%) from 1126 Alaska Native women seeking routine care and colposcopy or from population-based lists. The prevalence of HPV DNA declined with age and increased with sexual activity and cigarette smoking. It was unrelated to use of oral contraceptives or condoms or to STDs. Relative risks associating HPV with increasing severe grades of cervical dysplasia increased markedly with HPV infection, up to 7.1 for high-risk genotypes 16/18 and 14.4 for coinfection with 31/33/35. These genotypes were detected in 8% of women without dysplasia seeking routine care. Screening for strain-specific HPV DNA may identify women at highest risk for cervical neoplasia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW HOSP,SEATTLE,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 4 BP 792 EP 800 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP111 UT WOS:A1994NP11100013 PM 8133094 ER PT J AU ZANGWILL, KM STOUT, RW CARLONE, GM PAIS, L HAREKEH, P MITCHELL, S WOLFE, WH BLACKWOOD, V PLIKAYTIS, BD WENGER, JD AF ZANGWILL, KM STOUT, RW CARLONE, GM PAIS, L HAREKEH, P MITCHELL, S WOLFE, WH BLACKWOOD, V PLIKAYTIS, BD WENGER, JD TI DURATION OF ANTIBODY-RESPONSE AFTER MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINATION IN US AIR-FORCE PERSONNEL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; DISEASE; SERUM; AGE AB The long-term kinetics of the immunologic response after vaccination of adults with Neisseria meningitidis polysaccharide vaccine is unknown. Total meningococcal anti-capsular antibody response (measured by ELISA) and serum bactericidal activity after routine vaccination with quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine were evaluated in US Air Force personnel. In a retrospective cross-sectional study, blood samples were obtained from similar to 40 personnel before vaccination, at 1 and 4-6 months, and at 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years after vaccination. Total anti-group A and -group C capsular antibody levels-and bactericidal activity peaked 1 month after vaccination and declined substantially by 2 years. At each interval, significantly higher levels of total antibody and bactericidal activity were detected than before vaccination. Anti-capsular antibodies and bactericidal activity persisted for up to 10 years after immunization. These and further studies on the serologic measure of protection against meningococcal disease are important for evaluation of candidate vaccines and development of recommendations for immunization. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. AOES,ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV AEROSP MED,DIV EPIDEMIOL RES,BROOKS AFB,TX. WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,TEXAS PREVENT MED DIV,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT BIOL,BEIRUT,LEBANON. NR 22 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 4 BP 847 EP 852 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP111 UT WOS:A1994NP11100020 PM 8133100 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, JP BADEN, L PALLANSCH, MA ANDERSON, LJ AF ALEXANDER, JP BADEN, L PALLANSCH, MA ANDERSON, LJ TI ENTEROVIRUS-71 INFECTIONS AND NEUROLOGIC DISEASE - UNITED-STATES, 1977-1991 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; POLIOMYELITIS; OUTBREAK; PARALYSIS; EPIDEMIC AB Since first described in 1974, enterovirus 71 infections have been associated with severe neurologic disease, and widespread infection was suspected in 1987. To investigate enterovirus 71 activity further, data were reviewed for isolations reported nationally during 1977-1991, virology laboratories were contacted regarding isolations during 1985-1989, and medical records were reviewed for respective patients, 1985-1989. From 1977 to 1991, 193 culture-confirmed enterovirus 71 infections were identified: greater than or equal to 1 isolate each year. In 1987, 45 persons in 17 states were infected compared with a maximum of 22 persons in 1-8 states in the other years. Of these 45, 27 (60%) had the following: paralysis (6), Guillain-Barre syndrome (1), meningitis (18), or encephalitis (2). Enterovirus 71 has been endemic in the United States since at least 1977, was identified more frequently in 1987 than in other years, and continues to be an occasional cause of severe neurologic disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP ALEXANDER, JP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-17,1600 CLIFTON RD,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 156 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 4 BP 905 EP 908 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP111 UT WOS:A1994NP11100033 PM 8133108 ER PT J AU KRAUSE, PJ TELFORD, SR RYAN, R CONRAD, PA WILSON, M THOMFORD, JW SPIELMAN, A AF KRAUSE, PJ TELFORD, SR RYAN, R CONRAD, PA WILSON, M THOMFORD, JW SPIELMAN, A TI DIAGNOSIS OF BABESIOSIS - EVALUATION OF A SEROLOGIC TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF BABESIA-MICROTI ANTIBODY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; CONNECTICUT; DISEASE; STATE AB To assess the possibility of standardization of a commonly used indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test for detection of Babesia microti antibody in human sera, the results from four reference laboratories were compared. Patients with babesiosis from southern New England (n = 25) and subjects with no history of babesiosis from southern New England (n = 55) and Iceland (n = 50) were enrolled in the study. Anti-Babesia antibody titers were determined in a blinded fashion by IFA test. The range of test results in the four laboratories was 88%-96% sensitivity, 90%-100% specificity, 69%-100% positive predictive value, and 96%-99% negative predictive value. interlaboratory and intralaboratory concordance ranged from 84% to 85% and 94% to 100%, respectively. This B, microti IFA procedure is a sensitive, specific, and reproducible method for diagnosing babesiosis and is suitable for use as a standard in laboratories testing human sera for B. microti antibody. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VET MICROBIOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA 92103. RP KRAUSE, PJ (reprint author), HARTFORD HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,HARTFORD,CT 06115, USA. NR 15 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 4 BP 923 EP 926 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP111 UT WOS:A1994NP11100038 PM 8133112 ER PT J AU AZIMI, PH JANNER, D BERNE, P FULROTH, R LVOFF, V FRANKLIN, L BERMAN, SM AF AZIMI, PH JANNER, D BERNE, P FULROTH, R LVOFF, V FRANKLIN, L BERMAN, SM TI CONCENTRATIONS OF PROCAINE AND AQUEOUS PENICILLIN IN THE CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID OF INFANTS TREATED FOR CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID NEONATE; CSF AB Penicillin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at various hours and days of treatment in 163 infants undergoing therapy for congenital syphilis. The CSF levels were compared for three treatment regimens. Aqueous penicillin G (A-PEN), 100,000 U/kg per day, was used in 23 infants, and a dosage of 200,000 U/kg per day was used in 40 patients; procaine penicillin G (P-PEN), 50,000 U/kg per day, was used in 100 children. Mean CSF penicillin levels were 0.416, 0.493, and 0.077 mu g/ml, respectively, in the three treatment groups. The mean CSF penicillin concentration among the 63 infants treated with either of the A-PEN regimens (0.465 mu g/ml) was significantly greater than the mean concentration (0.077 mu g/ml) among those treated with P-PEN (p<0.001). Among those who received A-PEN, the difference in dosage was not associated with a significant difference in mean CSF penicillin concentration (p=0.68). All the specimens obtained from patients who received A-PEN, but only 82% of those from patients who received P-PEN, had treponemicidal concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.018 mu g/ml). However, 33.3% (9/27) of specimens from infants who received P-PEN, tested between 18 and 24 hours after a dose, had CSF penicillin concentrations <0.018 mu g/ml. These data suggest that administration of A-PEN may be the preferred therapy if CSF levels >0.018 mu g/ml are desired, especially for infants with severe disease or congenital neurosyphilis. C1 HIGHLAND GEN HOSP, DIV NEWBORN SERV, OAKLAND, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP AZIMI, PH (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP, DIV INFECT DIS & NEONATOL, 747 52ND ST, OAKLAND, CA 94609 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1994 VL 124 IS 4 BP 649 EP 653 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)83151-8 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NF568 UT WOS:A1994NF56800027 PM 8151486 ER PT J AU CORBIN, SB KOHN, WG AF CORBIN, SB KOHN, WG TI THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF DENTAL AMALGAM - CURRENT FINDINGS REVIEWED SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SILVER TOOTH FILLINGS; MERCURY EXPOSURE; EXPIRED AIR AB In response to recent concern and research findings about dental amalgam, the U.S. Public Health Service conducted a comprehensive scientific review of its benefits and risks. This review would serve as a basis for examining federal policy on the use of dental amalgam as a restorative material. This article summarizes the principal findings, conclusions and recommendations from that review. C1 NIDR,CLIN INVEST & PATIENT CARE BRANCH,ORAL MED PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. RP CORBIN, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,5600 FISHERS LANE,PKLAWN BLDG,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 17 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD APR PY 1994 VL 125 IS 4 BP 381 EP 388 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA NF256 UT WOS:A1994NF25600009 PM 8176073 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, PM AF SCHANTZ, PM TI OF WORMS, DOGS, AND HUMAN HOSTS - CONTINUING CHALLENGES FOR VETERINARIANS IN PREVENTION OF HUMAN-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SCHANTZ, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 7 BP 1023 EP 1028 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NC359 UT WOS:A1994NC35900010 PM 8045801 ER PT J AU WOLFE, WH MICHALEK, JE MINER, JC PIRKLE, JL CAUDILL, SP PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL AF WOLFE, WH MICHALEK, JE MINER, JC PIRKLE, JL CAUDILL, SP PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL TI DETERMINANTS OF TCDD HALF-LIFE IN VETERANS OF OPERATION RANCH HAND SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIETNAM AB The half-life of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) changed significantly with body fat and age in 337 members of Operation Ranch Hand, the Air Force unit responsible for the aerial spraying of Agent Orange in Vietnam. Using paired TCDD measurements derived from serum collected in 1982 and in 1987, we investigated how TCDD half-life varied with percent body fat (PBF), relative changes in PBF, and age. We found that half-life increased significantly with increasing PBF and decreased significantly with increasing relative change in PBF and with age. The median observed half-life of TCDD for these 337 veterans is 11.3 yr with a nonparametric 95% confidence interval of 10.0-14.1 yr. C1 USAF,ARMSTRONG LAB,DIV EPIDEMIOL RES,2510 KENNEDY DR,STE 117,BROOKS AFB,TX 78235. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 15 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD APR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NE407 UT WOS:A1994NE40700007 PM 8145287 ER PT J AU TORAASON, M HEINROTHHOFFMANN, I RICHARDS, D WOOLERY, M HOFFMANN, P AF TORAASON, M HEINROTHHOFFMANN, I RICHARDS, D WOOLERY, M HOFFMANN, P TI H2O2-INDUCED OXIDATIVE INJURY IN RAT CARDIAC MYOCYTES IS NOT POTENTIATED BY 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE, CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE, OR HALOTHANE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN FREE-RADICALS; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; VOLATILE ANESTHETICS; CALCIUM TRANSIENTS; MAMMALIAN HEART; NEONATAL RAT; REPERFUSION; ISCHEMIA AB Free radical-induced oxidative stress has been linked to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the myocardium. The .OH radical is considered the most damaging radica and can be increased in cells by treatment in vitro with H2O2. The purpose of the present study was to determine if aliphatic halocarbons enhance H2O2-induced oxidative injury in isolated cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats. Oxidative damage was assessed by measuring release of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) from lipid peroxidation, loss of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) through damaged sarcolemmal membranes, and alterations in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transients in electrically stimulated (1 Hz, 10 ms, 60 V) myocytes. H2O2 increased TBARS release and LDH leakage in a concentration-dependent (20-200 muM) manner. Continuous suffusion with H2O2 first altered the configuration of [Ca2+]i transients, then eliminated them, and finally caused [Ca2+]i overload (basal [Ca2+]i exceeded peak systolic [Ca2+]i of control). The time to [Ca2+]i overload was inversely associated with concentration, and the shortest time to overload was obtained with 100 muM H2O2. A 1-h preincubation of myocytes with the iron chelator deferoxamine inhibited all effects of H2O2. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, or halothane at 1 mM significantly and reversibly reduced [Ca2+]i transients but did not influence TBARS release or LDH leakage. Simultaneous exposure of myocytes to H2O2 and halocarbons did not affect the myocyte response to H2O2 exposure. Results indicate that the three halocarbons tested do not enhance H2O2-induced oxidative injury in isolated cardiac myocytes. C1 MARTIN LUTHER UNIV HALLE WITTENBERG,INST PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,O-4010 HALLE,GERMANY. RP TORAASON, M (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD APR PY 1994 VL 41 IS 4 BP 489 EP 507 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA NE407 UT WOS:A1994NE40700008 PM 8145288 ER PT J AU WENTWORTH, DE THOMPSON, BL XU, XY REGNERY, HL COOLEY, AJ MCGREGOR, MW COX, NJ HINSHAW, VS AF WENTWORTH, DE THOMPSON, BL XU, XY REGNERY, HL COOLEY, AJ MCGREGOR, MW COX, NJ HINSHAW, VS TI AN INFLUENZA-A (H1N1) VIRUS, CLOSELY-RELATED TO SWINE INFLUENZA-VIRUS, RESPONSIBLE FOR A FATAL CASE OF HUMAN INFLUENZA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUSES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; PROTEIN; RESTRICTION; RECOMBINANT; M2-PROTEIN; INFECTION AB In July 1991, an influenza A virus, designated A/Maryland/12/91 (A/MD), was isolated from the bronchial secretions of a 27-year-old animal caretaker. He had been admitted to the hospital with bilateral pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 13 days later. Antigenic analyses with postinfection ferret antisera and monoclonal antibodies to recent H1 swine hemagglutinins indicated that the hemagglutinin of this virus was antigenically related to, but distinguishable from, those of other influenza A (H1N1) viruses currently circulating in swine. Oligonucleotide mapping of total viral RNAs revealed differences between A/MD and other contemporary swine viruses. However, partial sequencing of each RNA segment of A/MD demonstrated that all segments were related to those of currently circulating swine viruses. Sequence analysis of the entire hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and matrix genes of A/MD revealed a high level of identity with other contemporary swine viruses. Our studies on A/MD emphasize that H1N1 viruses in pigs obviously continue to cross species barriers and infect humans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WENTWORTH, DE (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH VET MED,DEPT PATHOBIOL SCI & VET SCI,RM 3205,2015 LINDEN DR W,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. OI Wentworth, David/0000-0002-5190-980X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 24902] NR 53 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2051 EP 2058 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA NA307 UT WOS:A1994NA30700002 PM 8138990 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD LAM, L HODGE, T FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD LAM, L HODGE, T FOLKS, TM TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 RNA EXPRESSION BY 4 CHRONICALLY INFECTED CELL-LINES INDICATES MULTIPLE MECHANISMS OF LATENCY SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID VIRAL MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-EXPRESSION; HIV-1 LATENCY; REV; REQUIRES; MODEL; CLONE; DNA; RRE AB Recent information has suggested that posttranscriptional mechanisms, whereby human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA exists as multiply spliced transcripts without promoting an accumulation of the larger messages, are responsible for maintaining a stable state of nonproductive viral expression or viral latency. To test the universality of these observations, we compared the patterns of viral RNA splicing and the frequencies of cells actually harboring HIV-1 RNA in four chronically HIV-1-infectcd cell lines (U1 [promonocytic], ACH-2 [T lymphocytic], OM-10.1 [promyelocytic], and J1.1 [T lymphocytic]). In uninduced U1 and ACH-2 cultures, a high frequency of cells (approximately one in six) contained HIV-1 RNA but mainly as multiply spliced transcripts, again supporting a posttranscriptional mechanism maintaining viral latency. In sharp contrast, only 1 in 50 cells in uninduced OM-10.1 and J1.1 cultures contained HIV-1 RNA, indicating a primary transcriptional mechanism controlling viral expression in these cells. Furthermore, those OM-10.1 and J1.1 cells that did contain viral RNA were in a state of productive HIV-1 expression marked by the presence of both spliced and unspliced transcripts. Even though the total absence of viral RNA in the majority of OM-10.1 and J1.1 cells indicated a state of absolute latency, treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha induced transcription of HIV-1 RNA in nearly 100% of the cells in all four of the chronically infected cultures. Tumor necrosis factor alpha induction of U1,ACH-2, and OM-10.1 cultures resulted in an initial accumulation of multiply spliced HIV-1 RNA followed by a transition to the larger unspliced viral RNA transcripts. This RNA splice transition was less apparent in the J1.1 cell line. These results demonstrate that host cell-specific transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms are important factors in the control of HIV-1 latency. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV-AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BUTERA, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2726 EP 2730 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA NA307 UT WOS:A1994NA30700074 PM 7511177 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JE CHILDS, JE BIGGIE, KL MOORE, C STALLKNECHT, D SHADDOCK, J BOUSEMAN, J HOFMEISTER, E OLSON, JG AF DAWSON, JE CHILDS, JE BIGGIE, KL MOORE, C STALLKNECHT, D SHADDOCK, J BOUSEMAN, J HOFMEISTER, E OLSON, JG TI WHITE-TAILED DEER AS A POTENTIAL RESERVOIR OF EHRLICHIA SPP SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; EHRLICHIA SPP; WHITE-TAILED DEER; WILDLIFE RESERVOIR; TICKS; AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM; SURVEILLANCE; SEROLOGIC SURVEY ID INFECTION AB We determined the antibody prevalence to Ehrlichia spp., in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the geographic distribution of seropositive animals in 84 counties in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia (USA). Using an indirect fluorescent antibody test we detected antibodies (greater than or equal to 1:128) to this bacterium in 544 (43%) of 1269 deer. Presence of antibodies to Ehrlichia spp, was related to a southerly latitude, low elevation, and resulting milder climatic conditions. It appears that white-tailed deer were naturally infected with Ehrlichia spp.; the infection was widely distributed throughout the southeastern United States. Based on these data, we propose that white-tailed deer play a role in the natural history of Ehrlichia spp. infection in the United States. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DAWSON, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 17 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 162 EP 168 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400004 PM 8028099 ER PT J AU GLASS, CM MCLEAN, RG KATZ, JB MAEHR, DS CROPP, CB KIRK, LJ MCKEIRNAN, AJ EVERMANN, JF AF GLASS, CM MCLEAN, RG KATZ, JB MAEHR, DS CROPP, CB KIRK, LJ MCKEIRNAN, AJ EVERMANN, JF TI ISOLATION OF PSEUDORABIES (AUJESZKYS-DISEASE) VIRUS FROM A FLORIDA PANTHER SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE FLORIDA PANTHER; FELIS CONCOLOR CORYI; PSEUDORABIES VIRUS; FERAL SWINE; SUS SCROFA; VIRAL ECOLOGY; ENDANGERED SPECIES; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION AB Pseudorabies virus was isolated in cell culture from the brain tissue of a 3.5-year-old male Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi). The virus was not isolated from other tissues collected at necropsy. Based upon a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the virus was determined to have the classical wild-type virulent genotype, glycoprotein I+ (gI(+))and thymidine kinase(+) (TK+). C1 WASHINGTON ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,PULLMAN,WA 99164. FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,WILDLIFE RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL 32601. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NATL VET SERV LAB,AMES,IA 50010. FLORIDA GAME & FRESH WATER FISH COMMISS,NAPLES,FL 33942. NR 11 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 180 EP 184 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400007 PM 8028102 ER PT J AU LINHART, SB BLOM, FS ENGEMAN, RM HILL, HL HON, T HALL, DI SHADDOCK, JH AF LINHART, SB BLOM, FS ENGEMAN, RM HILL, HL HON, T HALL, DI SHADDOCK, JH TI A FIELD-EVALUATION OF BAITS FOR DELIVERING ORAL RABIES VACCINES TO RACCOONS (PROCYON-LOTOR) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ATTRACTANTS; BAITS; BAIT CONSUMPTION; FIELD TRIALS; ORAL VACCINE; PHYSIOLOGICAL MARKER; PROCYON LOTOR; RABIES; RACCOON ID WILD; VACCINATION AB Eight field trials were conducted in 1989 and 1990 in Georgia (USA) and Maryland (USA) to evaluate baits and baiting strategies for delivering oral rabies vaccines to raccoons (Procyon lotor). Bait packets consisting of corn meal and egg batter-based baits enclosed in plastic bags were placed at 1.0-m diameter, raked tracking stations and checked daily. Packets were well accepted by raccoons; they visited 31 to 44% of the tracking stations where they removed 69 to 90% of the packets within 4 to 5 days. All or nearly all baits were removed from plastic bags and less than 1% of the baits were found only partially eaten. No rejection of water-filled paraffin ampules in baits was observed. The use of an odor attractant on bait packets did not appear to enhance bait discovery when packets were placed on raccoon travel routes. An attractant did enhance discovery when baits were placed off-road in a simulated aerial baiting test. Nontarget species comprised 31 to 53% of all visits to the stations; they took 28 to 55% of the baits but did not appear to adversely affect bait availability for raccoons. A total of 2,300 baits, each containing a wax ampule holding 10 mg of a physiological marker (iophenoxic acid), were distributed at a rate of 82 baits/km(2) on 2,800 ha of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Thirty-five (65%) of 54 raccoons collected following bait placement had eaten one or more baits as indicated by elevated levels of iodine in the blood serum. C1 US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. GEORGIA DEPT NAT RESOURCES,DIV GAME & FISH,FITZGERALD,GA 31750. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH FOREST RESOURCES,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,RABIES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400008 PM 8028103 ER PT J AU SPALDING, MG MCLEAN, RG BURGESS, JH KIRK, LJ AF SPALDING, MG MCLEAN, RG BURGESS, JH KIRK, LJ TI ARBOVIRUSES IN WATER BIRDS (CICONIIFORMES, PELECANIFORMES) FROM FLORIDA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE CICONIIFORMES; PELECANIFORMES; ARBOVIRUS; EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; ST LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; FLORIDA ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; POTENTIAL PATHOGENS; VERTEBRATES; PREVALENCE; MEXICO; VIRUS AB Sera from 360 ciconiform and pelecaniform birds collected in Florida (USA) from 1974 to 1990 were tested for serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), and Everglades (EVE) viruses. Serum neutralizing antibodies to EEE virus were detected in 2%, to SLE virus in 7%, and to EVE virus in none of the samples. Pelecaniform birds (16%) had a higher antibody prevalence (P < 0.02) for SLE virus than did ciconiform birds (5%). Virus could not be isolated from 67 samples. Nestling birds with SN antibodies to both EEE and SLE viruses were found in both fresh water and marine colonies. Antibodies were more prevalent in adult and fledged juvenile birds than in nestlings. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. LEE CTY MOSQUITO CONTROL,FT MYERS,FL 33906. RP SPALDING, MG (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT INFECT DIS,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 1994 VL 30 IS 2 BP 216 EP 221 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA NF994 UT WOS:A1994NF99400012 PM 8028106 ER PT J AU WEYANT, RS BURRIS, JA NICHOLS, DK WOO, E KINSEY, VS BOWER, DE BUKOWSKI, MM WEAVER, RE MOORE, TD AF WEYANT, RS BURRIS, JA NICHOLS, DK WOO, E KINSEY, VS BOWER, DE BUKOWSKI, MM WEAVER, RE MOORE, TD TI EPIZOOTIC FELINE PNEUMONIA ASSOCIATED WITH CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL GROUP EF-4A BACTERIA SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BITE WOUNDS; PROTEINS; FLORA; DOG C1 NIH,NATL CTR RES RESOURCES,VET RESOURCES PROGRAM,SCI SERV BRANCH,LAB SCI SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SMITHSONIAN INST,NATL ZOOL PK,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20001. RP WEYANT, RS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1994 VL 44 IS 2 BP 180 EP 183 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA NJ936 UT WOS:A1994NJ93600017 PM 8028284 ER PT J AU COLLINS, CL AF COLLINS, CL TI THE CHALLENGE OF CYTOLOGY PROFICIENCY TESTING SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP COLLINS, CL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 4 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NC616 UT WOS:A1994NC61600005 ER PT J AU KUNO, G BAILEY, RE AF KUNO, G BAILEY, RE TI CYTOKINE RESPONSES TO DENGUE INFECTION AMONG PUERTO-RICAN PATIENTS SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE DENGUE; CYTOKINE; INTERLEUKIN-1; INTERLEUKIN-6; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; INTERLEUKIN-1; SERUM AB Recently, a strong correlation between high concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) in blood and severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome has been reported from Asia and the Pacific. We wished to determine if a similar relationship could be found in dengue patients in the Americas where adult patients with severe syndromes have been observed more frequently than in Asia where severe cases have been observed mostly among children. The concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1 beta) in hospitalized adult groups were significantly lower than that in outpatient adults. In contrast, the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) were significantly higher in hospitalized adults and children than in the corresponding outpatients. Levels of TNF alpha were higher in hospitalized children than in outpatient children or hospitalized adults. There was no significant difference in the levels of these three cytokines among hospitalized patients with or without hemorrhagic manifestations. Thus, an elevated IL-6 level was positively associated with severity of dengue infection in both children and adults, but IL-1 beta level was negatively associated with severity in adults. RP KUNO, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEM INST OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO PA SECRETARY CAIXA POSTAL 926, 20001 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 89 IS 2 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA PQ398 UT WOS:A1994PQ39800010 PM 7885241 ER PT J AU KIEHLBAUCH, JA CAMERON, DN WACHSMUTH, IK AF KIEHLBAUCH, JA CAMERON, DN WACHSMUTH, IK TI EVALUATION OF RIBOTYPING TECHNIQUES AS APPLIED TO ARCOBACTER, CAMPYLOBACTER AND HELICOBACTER SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE RIBOTYPING; DNA EXTRACTION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; ARCOBACTER; CAMPYLOBACTER; HELICOBACTER ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA CISTRONS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; PROVIDENCIA-STUARTII; CHROMOSOMAL DNA; PROBE; TAXONOMY; PROPOSAL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1994.1015 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA NR070 UT WOS:A1994NR07000003 PM 7935508 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS KOONIN, LM POKRAS, R STRAUSS, LT XIA, ZS PETERSON, HB AF WILCOX, LS KOONIN, LM POKRAS, R STRAUSS, LT XIA, ZS PETERSON, HB TI HYSTERECTOMY IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1988-1990 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN-CANCER; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; THERAPY AB Objective: To describe patient characteristics and diagnoses associated with hysterectomy in the United States from 1988-1990 using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, an annual probability sample of discharges from nonfederal, short-stay hospitals in the United States. A population-based sample of all women aged 15 years or older in the United States civilian population who had a hysterectomy during 1988-1990 was examined to characterize factors associated with hysterectomy: patients' age and race, diagnoses, surgical approach, and oophorectomy. Results: Approximately 1.7 million women had a hysterectomy during 1988-1990. The highest rates-100.5 hysterectomies per 10,000 women-were for women aged 30-54 years. Total rates of hysterectomy for black women were similar to those for white women (61.7 and 56.5 per 10,000 women, respectively); uterine leiomyoma (''fibroid tumor'') was reported as the primary diagnosis for 61% of black women and 29% of white women. Abdominal surgery was used for 75% of all hysterectomies. Concomitant bilateral oophorectomy was done for 37% of the women under 45 years old and 68% of the women 45 years or older. Conclusions: Two-thirds of all hysterectomies for noncancerous conditions were performed for uterine leiomyoma or endometriosis-conditions that are most common before the age of menopause. Future assessments of the appropriateness of hysterectomy will require better understanding of these disorders. Continued monitoring of hysterectomy rates is critical to understanding the appropriate use of hysterectomy, alternative therapies for uterine disorders, and future trends in women's health care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH CARE STAT,HOSP CARE STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WILCOX, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 39 TC 446 Z9 457 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 83 IS 4 BP 549 EP 555 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA ND231 UT WOS:A1994ND23100011 PM 8134065 ER PT J AU COLLIGAN, MJ SINCLAIR, RC AF COLLIGAN, MJ SINCLAIR, RC TI THE TRAINING ETHIC AND THE ETHICS OF TRAINING SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP COLLIGAN, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV TRAINING & MANPOWER DEV,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 127 EP 134 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM050 UT WOS:A1994NM05000002 PM 8085196 ER PT J AU HUDOCK, SD AF HUDOCK, SD TI THE APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL-TECHNOLOGY TO OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article RP HUDOCK, SD (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV TRAINING & MANPOWER DEV,EDUC RESOURCE DEV BRANCH,C-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM050 UT WOS:A1994NM05000008 PM 7521973 ER PT J AU COLLIGAN, MJ AF COLLIGAN, MJ TI OCCUPATIONAL-SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING - PREFACE SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material RP COLLIGAN, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,DIV TRAINING & MANPOWER DEV,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 1994 VL 9 IS 2 BP R15 EP R16 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM050 UT WOS:A1994NM05000001 ER PT J AU CORDELL, RL ADDISS, DG AF CORDELL, RL ADDISS, DG TI CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN CHILD-CARE SETTINGS - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CHILD CARE; DIARRHEA ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; CENTERS; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; OOCYSTS; MICE; DISINFECTANTS; CONTAMINATION RP CORDELL, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,MAILSTOP F-37,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 62 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 310 EP 317 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NG257 UT WOS:A1994NG25700012 PM 8036049 ER PT J AU LEGGIADRO, RJ BARRETT, FF CHESNEY, PJ DAVIS, Y TENOVER, FC AF LEGGIADRO, RJ BARRETT, FF CHESNEY, PJ DAVIS, Y TENOVER, FC TI INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCI WITH HIGH-LEVEL PENICILLIN AND CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE AT A MIDSOUTH CHILDRENS-HOSPITAL SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE PNEUMOCOCCUS; PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; CEPHALOSPORIN RESISTANCE ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MENINGITIS; ANTIBIOTICS; INFECTIONS; FAILURE C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PEDIAT,MEMPHIS,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP LEGGIADRO, RJ (reprint author), LEBONHEUR CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,MEMPHIS,TN 38103, USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 4 BP 320 EP 322 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NG257 UT WOS:A1994NG25700014 PM 8036051 ER PT J AU BRESEE, JS KHAN, AS STRINE, T KENT, J GYURIK, T SCHONBERGER, LB AF BRESEE, JS KHAN, AS STRINE, T KENT, J GYURIK, T SCHONBERGER, LB TI REYE SYNDROME SURVEILLANCE - UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A110 EP A110 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900647 ER PT J AU CICIRELLO, HG DAS, BK GUPTA, A BHAN, MK GENTSCH, JR KUMAR, R GLASS, RI AF CICIRELLO, HG DAS, BK GUPTA, A BHAN, MK GENTSCH, JR KUMAR, R GLASS, RI TI HIGH PREVALENCE OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION AMONG NEONATES IN DELHI, INDIA - PREDISPOSITION FOR INFECTION WITH UNUSUAL ROTAVIRUS STRAINS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. RI Kumar, Rajeev/I-2338-2016 OI Kumar, Rajeev/0000-0002-0783-1101 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A111 EP A111 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900652 ER PT J AU DEMERS, DM VINCENT, JM BASS, JW PERSON, DA NOYES, DK STAEGE, CM REGNERY, RL OLSON, JG ANDERSON, BE AF DEMERS, DM VINCENT, JM BASS, JW PERSON, DA NOYES, DK STAEGE, CM REGNERY, RL OLSON, JG ANDERSON, BE TI SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE (RH) INFECTION AND CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE (CSD) IN HUMANS SCRATCHED BY RH BACTEREMIC KITTENS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TRIPLER ARMY MED CTR,HONOLULU,HI 96859. CTR DIS CONTROL,RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A177 EP A177 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901049 ER PT J AU DEMMLER, GJ ISTAS, AS DOBBINS, JG STEWART, JA AF DEMMLER, GJ ISTAS, AS DOBBINS, JG STEWART, JA TI SURVEILLANCE OF SYMPTOMATIC CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) DISEASE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A112 EP A112 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900655 ER PT J AU DURANT, RH ESCOBEDO, LG HEATH, GW AF DURANT, RH ESCOBEDO, LG HEATH, GW TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANABOLIC-STEROID USE, STRENGTH TRAINING, AND MULTIPLE-DRUG USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD UNIV,CHILDRENS HOSP,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,HLTH PROMOT & EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A4 EP A4 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900010 ER PT J AU FORTENBERRY, JD BHARDWAJ, V BLAND, L CORNISH, D NIEMER, P WRIGHT, JA AF FORTENBERRY, JD BHARDWAJ, V BLAND, L CORNISH, D NIEMER, P WRIGHT, JA TI EFFECTS OF NEONATAL EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION (ECMO) ON NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION AND CYTOKINE LEVELS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A225 EP A225 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901330 ER PT J AU GREEN, M SCHWARTZ, B SERDY, C BARBADORA, K FACKLAM, R WALD, E AF GREEN, M SCHWARTZ, B SERDY, C BARBADORA, K FACKLAM, R WALD, E TI A COMPARISON OF BID PENICILLIN AND DAILY CEFADROXIL TO TREAT GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL (GAS) PHARYNGITIS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. CHILDRENS HOSP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A143 EP A143 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900841 ER PT J AU HILGARTNER, M EVAN, B MAEDER, M DRAKE, J HAWK, S HOOTS, WK JASON, J KALISH, L PATTISHALL, E SHAPIRO, A WARRIER, I AF HILGARTNER, M EVAN, B MAEDER, M DRAKE, J HAWK, S HOOTS, WK JASON, J KALISH, L PATTISHALL, E SHAPIRO, A WARRIER, I TI VACCINATION PRACTICES AND RESPONSE TO BOOSTING AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ENROLLED IN THE HEMOPHILIA GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY (HGDS) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW ENGLAND RES INST,WATERTOWN,MA. GULF STATES HEMOPHILIA CTR,HOUSTON,TX. INDIANA HEMOPHILIA COMP CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. SANTA ROSA MED CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX. CHILDRENS HOSP OK,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,HERSHEY,PA 17033. CHILDRENS HOSP MICHIGAN,DETROIT,MI 48201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A161 EP A161 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900953 ER PT J AU KINNEY, JS ADAMS, WG JOHNSON, KM SCHUCHAT, A AF KINNEY, JS ADAMS, WG JOHNSON, KM SCHUCHAT, A TI INTRAPARTUM OBSTETRICAL INTERVENTIONS AND GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE - A REEVALUATION SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,SCH MED,NEONATAL MED SECT,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02118. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A299 EP A299 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901774 ER PT J AU KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA SCOTT, CK BARON, RC AF KOHN, MA FARLEY, TA SCOTT, CK BARON, RC TI THE USEFULNESS OF AND THE IMPACT OF TIMING ON SEROLOGIC TESTING IN LOUISIANA PERINATAL HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A116 EP A116 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900681 ER PT J AU MALONEY, S STOVER, B BANERJEE, S ADAMS, K WILKERSON, S ADAMS, G JARVIS, W AF MALONEY, S STOVER, B BANERJEE, S ADAMS, K WILKERSON, S ADAMS, G JARVIS, W TI RISK-FACTORS FOR COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT PATIENTS - A MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA & KOSAIR CHILDRENS HOSP,LOUISVILLE,KY. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A300 EP A300 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901779 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, DK MONROE, SS GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK AF MITCHELL, DK MONROE, SS GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ASTROVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS IN A DAY-CARE-CENTER (DCC) OUTBREAK SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EVMS,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA. CDC,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A188 EP A188 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901112 ER PT J AU MORROW, AL ROSENTHAL, J BOWERS, JC CREWS, RC AF MORROW, AL ROSENTHAL, J BOWERS, JC CREWS, RC TI RISK-FACTORS FOR UNDER-IMMUNIZATION AT 12 AND 24 MONTHS - RESULTS OF A HOUSEHOLD SURVEY SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTER,EVMS,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA. CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A119 EP A119 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900696 ER PT J AU RODEWALD, LE SZILAGYI, PG SHIUH, T RAUBERTAS, RF HUMISTON, SG LEBARON, C HALL, CB AF RODEWALD, LE SZILAGYI, PG SHIUH, T RAUBERTAS, RF HUMISTON, SG LEBARON, C HALL, CB TI IS UNDERIMMUNIZATION A MARKER FOR INSUFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF PREVENTIVE AND PRIMARY-CARE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A121 EP A121 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900709 ER PT J AU ROSENTHAL, J MORROW, AL BOWERS, JC CREWS, RC SIROTKIN, B AF ROSENTHAL, J MORROW, AL BOWERS, JC CREWS, RC SIROTKIN, B TI RISK-FACTORS FOR FAILURE TO INITIATE IMMUNIZATIONS BY 3 MONTHS OF AGE SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CHILDRENS HOSP KINGS DAUGHTERS,EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,CTR PEDIAT RES,NORFOLK,VA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A148 EP A148 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900870 ER PT J AU SETO, D MAST, EE KUWAYE, T ALTER, MJ DIWAN, A AF SETO, D MAST, EE KUWAYE, T ALTER, MJ DIWAN, A TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES TO HEPATITIS-C VIRUS (HCV) AND OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS (HBV) CARRIERS IN PREGNANT-WOMEN IN HAWAII SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV HAWAII,JOHN A BURNS SCH MED,KAPIOLANI MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV HAWAII,JOHN A BURNS SCH MED,DEPT TROP MED,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A122 EP A122 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900714 ER PT J AU SHAH, R GREEN, M BARBADORA, K WAGENER, W SCHWARTZ, B FACKLAM, R WALD, E AF SHAH, R GREEN, M BARBADORA, K WAGENER, W SCHWARTZ, B FACKLAM, R WALD, E TI COMPARISON OF M-TYPE AND T-TYPE ANTIGEN TESTING TO FIELD-INVERSION GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS (FIGE) IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF STRAINS OF GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS (GAS) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHILDRENS HOSP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A196 EP A196 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901157 ER PT J AU SHARMA, R PREM, RR PADHYE, AA CARZOLI, R AF SHARMA, R PREM, RR PADHYE, AA CARZOLI, R TI DISSEMINATED SEPTIC ARTHRITIS DUE TO MUCOR-RAMOSISSIMUS IN A PREMATURE-INFANT - A RARE FUNGAL INFECTION AND ITS SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV FLORIDA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,JACKSONVILLE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A303 EP A303 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901801 ER PT J AU STAMOS, JK CHADWICK, EG HAHN, YS SCHANTZ, PM WILSON, M ROWLEY, AH AF STAMOS, JK CHADWICK, EG HAHN, YS SCHANTZ, PM WILSON, M ROWLEY, AH TI NEW-ONSET SEIZURES DUE TO CYSTICERCOSIS IN LOW-RISK CHILDREN IN CHICAGO, 1988-1993 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOYOLA UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,MAYWOOD,IL 60153. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60614. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A197 EP A197 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77901163 ER PT J AU VELAZQUEZ, FR MATSON, DO CALVA, JJ GUERRERO, ML GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK RUIZPALACIOS, GM AF VELAZQUEZ, FR MATSON, DO CALVA, JJ GUERRERO, ML GLASS, RI PICKERING, LK RUIZPALACIOS, GM TI PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A NATURAL ROTAVIRUS (RV) INFECTION AGAINST REINFECTION AND DIARRHEA SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL INST NUTR,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,NORFOLK,VA 23501. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1994 VL 35 IS 4 BP A123 EP A123 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA NG779 UT WOS:A1994NG77900720 ER PT J AU SCHOENDORF, KC ADAMS, WG KIELY, JL WENGER, JD AF SCHOENDORF, KC ADAMS, WG KIELY, JL WENGER, JD TI NATIONAL TRENDS IN HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE MENINGITIS MORTALITY AND HOSPITALIZATION AMONG CHILDREN, 1980 THROUGH 1991 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; MENINGITIS; HAEMOPHILUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID B POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; HBOC VACCINE; EFFICACY; DISEASE; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; POPULATION AB Objective. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines were licensed for routine use in the United States in December 1987. We compared national trends in deaths and hospitalization from H influenzae meningitis among children <5 years old before and after Hib conjugate vaccine licensure. Methods. H influenzae meningitis mortality rates were calculated using data from the 1980 through 1991 computerized national mortality files. Hospitalization rates from H influenzae meningitis were calculated using data from the 1980 through 1991 National Hospital Discharge Surveys. Trends in H influenzae mortality and hospitalization from 1980 through 1887 were compared with trends from 1988 through 1991. Trends for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis meningitis were also examined. Results. From 1980 through 1987, mortality from H influenzae meningitis decreased an average of 8.5% each year, compared with a 48% annual decrease from 1988 through 1991 (P < .001 for difference in trends). H influenzae meningitis hospitalization rates increased 1% each year from 1980 through 1987, and decreased an average of 34% each year from 1988 through 1991. There was no significant difference in mortality or hospitalization trends for S pneumoniae or N meningitidis meningitis during the two periods. Among infants, H influenzae meningitis mortality decreased an average of 8% per year from 1980 through 1987 and 43% per year from 1988 through 1991. One- to four-year-old children had similar average annual declines, 8% and 58% for the two periods. Although there were regional differences in the absolute mortality rates, all regions of the country had similar trends in meningitis mortality. Conclusions. Among US children <5 years old, we found substantial decreases in deaths and hospitalization from H influenzae meningitis, but not S pneumoniae or N meningitidis meningitis, in the years after Hib conjugate vaccine licensure. These results suggest that the declines in H influenzae meningitis were due primarily to the use of Hib conjugate vaccines. C1 BOSTON CITY HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02118. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHOENDORF, KC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV ANAL,RM 790,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 21 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1994 VL 93 IS 4 BP 663 EP 668 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ND363 UT WOS:A1994ND36300024 PM 8134226 ER PT J AU HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, NR SIBER, G FINLAYSON, J WATSON, JC AF HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, NR SIBER, G FINLAYSON, J WATSON, JC TI RECOMMENDED TIMING OF ROUTINE MEASLES IMMUNIZATION FOR CHILDREN WHO HAVE RECENTLY RECEIVED IMMUNE GLOBULIN PREPARATIONS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; VACCINE; POLIOVIRUS; EFFICACY; INFANTS C1 CANADIAN PAEDIAT SOC,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,COMM INFECT DIS,EVANSTON,IL 60204. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. AMER THORAC SOC,NEW YORK,NY. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1994 VL 93 IS 4 BP 682 EP 685 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA ND363 UT WOS:A1994ND36300030 ER PT J AU PETERS, CJ SANCHEZ, A FELDMANN, H ROLLIN, PE NICHOL, S KSIAZEK, TG AF PETERS, CJ SANCHEZ, A FELDMANN, H ROLLIN, PE NICHOL, S KSIAZEK, TG TI FILOVIRUSES AS EMERGING PATHOGENS SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE FILOVIRUSES; EBOLA; MARBURG; AEROSOL; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; EPIDEMIC; EMERGING DISEASES ID EBOLA VIRUS; MARBURG VIRUS; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; ENVELOPE PROTEINS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MONKEYS; INFECTION; RNA RP PETERS, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1006/smvy.1994.1015 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA NL429 UT WOS:A1994NL42900007 ER PT J AU RUPPRECHT, CE SMITH, JS AF RUPPRECHT, CE SMITH, JS TI RACCOON RABIES - THE REEMERGENCE OF AN EPIZOOTIC IN A DENSELY POPULATED AREA SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MOLECULAR EPIZOOTIOLOGY; ORAL VACCINATION; RABIES; RACCOON; WILDLIFE DISEASE ID UNITED-STATES; PROCYON-LOTOR; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRUS RP RUPPRECHT, CE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD APR PY 1994 VL 5 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1006/smvy.1994.1016 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA NL429 UT WOS:A1994NL42900008 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW SMITH, JD AF HEATH, GW SMITH, JD TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PATTERNS AMONG ADULTS IN GEORGIA - RESULTS FROM THE 1990 BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EXERCISE; HYPERTENSION; FITNESS AB Regular physical activity increases a person's ability to perform daily activities more efficiently, reduces the risk of specific chronic diseases, including coronary artery disease, and lowers death rates in general. The Healthy People 2000 Physical Activity and Fitness Objectives underscored the importance of monitoring and tracking the prevalence of physical activity and fitness in the United States population for the purpose of planning, implementing, and evaluating efforts to improve the public's physical activity habits. This report examines the prevalence of self-reported leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among southeastern adults aged 18 years and older living in the state of Georgia. Using data from the 1990 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys from Georgia, we describe the LTPA patterns of Georgia adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 1,723 adults were interviewed during 1990. Results show the following: women are less active than men, blacks are less active than whites, persons of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are less active than those of higher SES, and older adults are less active than younger adults. These results suggest that a more concerted effort needs to be made in promoting physical activity for women, persons of lower SES, and older adults. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF C08,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,APPLICAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1097/00007611-199404000-00003 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG281 UT WOS:A1994NG28100003 PM 8153767 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, JM RAMSEY, HA PAFFEL, JM ROBERTS, MA WILLIAMS, RL BLASS, CM BELL, CE SIMPSON, DM AF SCHULTE, JM RAMSEY, HA PAFFEL, JM ROBERTS, MA WILLIAMS, RL BLASS, CM BELL, CE SIMPSON, DM TI OUTBREAKS OF SYPHILIS IN RURAL TEXAS TOWNS, 1991-1992 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK; HIV AB Between 1986 and 1990, rates of primary and secondary syphilis increased 134% in rural counties in the South. Reasons for the increases are speculative. During the 14 months ending in October 1992, outbreaks in four-eastern Texas counties provided an opportunity to characterize syphilis in rural Texas. We reviewed records for 118 patients and 339 sex partners. Three outbreaks were concentrated in neighborhoods where crack cocaine dealers conducted business and exchange of sex for drugs or money was common; the fourth outbreak involved out-of-town prostitutes who visited undocumented alien workers. Among the 118 syphilis cases, 15 (13%) were primary, 35 (30%) were secondary. Most patients were black (105, 89%); the male-female ratio was 1:1. One woman gave birth to an infant with congenital syphilis. Almost half of the sex partners were infected. HIV pretest counseling was completed for only 55 patients (47%), and only 23 (19%) were tested for the human immunodeficiency virus. These four rural outbreaks of syphilis associated with crack cocaine and the exchange of sex for drugs or money mirror recent urban syphilis outbreaks. Patients in these rural syphilis outbreaks are at risk for HIV infection, but HIV testing has not been emphasized by public health workers. C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,AUSTIN,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP SCHULTE, JM (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR HIV & STD CONTROL,1100 W 49TH ST,AUSTIN,TX 78756, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 1994 VL 87 IS 4 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1097/00007611-199404000-00014 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NG281 UT WOS:A1994NG28100015 PM 8153778 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ JAMES, LM ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ JAMES, LM ERICKSON, JD TI ON THE USE OF AFFECTED CONTROLS TO ADDRESS RECALL BIAS IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES OF BIRTH-DEFECTS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RESIDENTIAL-MOBILITY; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; MOTHERS; INFANTS; RISK AB Inferences regarding causes of birth defects in humans are often based on results of case-control studies conducted after birth. To address bias in these studies caused by potential differential recall of past exposures between case and control mothers, many investigators have advocated the use of affected controls (babies with birth defects other than the one of interest). To evaluate whether the use of affected controls is warranted for a wide range of scenarios, we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study of birth defects in Atlanta, in which there were 4,918 babies with serious defects ascertained in the first year of life and 3,029 babies without defects. We compared the magnitude of the odds ratios for 10 specific defects-risk factor associations between normal and affected controls. These associations included demographic factors (e.g., advanced maternal age and Down syndrome), chronic maternal illnesses (e.g., diabetes and cardiac defects), chronic exposures (e.g., multivitamins and neural tube defects), and acute exposures (e.g., flu and neural tube defects). In all instances, the use of affected controls did not change etiologic inferences derived from using normal controls and there were only moderate changes in odds ratios. On the basis of theoretical considerations, we show that recall bias can lead to spurious inferences only under extreme conditions. We conclude that concerns about recall bias are overrated in birth defects studies and that the use of normal controls is acceptable unless evidence of substantial recall bias exists. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD APR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 4 BP 273 EP 281 DI 10.1002/tera.1420490407 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA NG664 UT WOS:A1994NG66400006 PM 8073366 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR SATTEN, GA DODD, R BUSCH, M KLEINMAN, S GRINDON, A LENES, B AF PETERSEN, LR SATTEN, GA DODD, R BUSCH, M KLEINMAN, S GRINDON, A LENES, B TI DURATION OF TIME FROM ONSET OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTIOUSNESS TO DEVELOPMENT OF DETECTABLE ANTIBODY SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS; HIV-1 INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; DONORS; MARKERS AB Background: For persons newly infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the time from the onset of infectivity to the development of detectable HIV-1 antibody is unknown. Persons who donate blood during this period account for nearly all instances of HIV-1 transmission from HIV-1 antibody-screened blood transfusions. Study Design and Methods: To estimate the window period from infectivity to HIV-1 antibody positivity, 701 HIV-1-seropositive blood donors who made a previous seronegative donation at 40 United States blood centers were studied. The HIV-1 antibody status was determined for at least one recipient of blood from the seronegative donation preceding the seropositive donation made by 182 of the 701 donors. Results: There were 39 seropositive recipients of blood from these 182 donors. Three donors were excluded from further analysis because the seropositive recipients of their blood had other HIV-1 risk factors or had HIV-1 infection before transfusion. The final study population comprised the remaining 179 donors, of whom 36 (20%) transmitted HIV-1 infection to recipients. When the interval between the seropositive donation and the preceding seronegative donation was less than 180 days, 46 percent of the donors transmitted HIV-1. In contrast, when that interval exceeded 540 days, only 2 percent transmitted HIV-1. A mathematical model was developed to explain the relationship between the probability that the previous seronegative donation occurred during the donor's window period of infectiousness, and hence transmitted HIV-1, as a function of both the window period and the duration between the seropositive and previous seronegative donations. This model indicated that the transmission data were most consistent with an average window period of 45 days. Assuming a log-normal window period distribution, it was estimated with 95 percent certainty that at least 90 percent of persons had a window period of less than 141 days. Conclusion: window period averages 45 days, with few, if any, donors remaining infectious and seronegative for longer than 6 months. C1 IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. AMER RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,TRANSMISSIBLE DIS LAB,ROCKVILLE,MD. AMER RED CROSS,LOS ANGELES,CA. AMER RED CROSS,MIAMI,FL. AMER RED CROSS,ATLANTA,GA. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 283 EP 289 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34494233574.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA NH360 UT WOS:A1994NH36000002 PM 8178324 ER PT J AU ROIZMAN, B HUGHES, JM AF ROIZMAN, B HUGHES, JM TI EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN HUMAN-ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR ON INFECTIOUS-DISEASES - AN INTRODUCTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ROIZMAN, B (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,MARJORIE B KOVLER VIRAL ONCOL LABS,910 E 58TH ST,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 29 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2377 EP 2377 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.7.2377 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ND602 UT WOS:A1994ND60200001 ER PT J AU WASSERHEIT, JN AF WASSERHEIT, JN TI EFFECT OF CHANGES IN HUMAN-ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR ON PATTERNS OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES, INCLUDING HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS; AIDS; RESISTANCE; SYPHILIS; WOMEN; AGE AB The last 20 years have witnessed six striking changes in patterns of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): emergence of new STD organisms and etiologies, reemergence of old STDs, shifts in the populations in which STDs are concentrated, shifts in the etiological spectra of STD syndromes, alterations in the incidence of STD complications, and increases in antimicrobial resistance. For example, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emerged to devastate the United States with a fatal pandemic involving at least 1 million people. The incidence of syphilis rose progressively after 1956 to reach a 40-year peak by 1990. In both cases, disease patterns shifted from homosexual men to include minority heterosexuals. Over the last decade, gonorrhea became increasingly concentrated among adolescents, and several new types of antimicrobial resistance appeared. Three interrelated types of environments affect STD patterns. The microbiologic, hormonal, and immunologic microenvironments most directly influence susceptibility, infectiousness, and development of sequelae. These microenvironments are shaped, in part. by the personal environments created by an individual's sexual, substance-use, and health-related behaviors. The personal environments are also important determinants of acquisition of infection and development of sequelae but, in addition, they mediate risk of exposure to infection. These are. therefore, the environments that most directly affect changing disease patterns. Finally, individuals' personal environments are, in turn, molded by powerful macroenvironmental forces, including socioeconomic, demographic, geographic, political, epidemologic, and technological factors. Over the past 20 years, the profound changes that have occurred in many aspects of the personal environment and the macroenvironment have been reflected in new STD patterns. RP WASSERHEIT, JN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 29 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2430 EP 2435 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.7.2430 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ND602 UT WOS:A1994ND60200011 PM 8146135 ER PT J AU DOWDLE, WR ORENSTEIN, WA AF DOWDLE, WR ORENSTEIN, WA TI QUEST FOR LIFELONG PROTECTION BY VACCINATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Changes in Human Ecology and Behavior: Effects on Infectious Diseases CY SEP 27-28, 1993 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, DC HO NATL ACAD SCI ID UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL ERADICATION; HEPATITIS-B; POLIOMYELITIS; MEASLES; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; JAPAN AB Life-long protection from disease through immunization can be accomplished through individual or community protection. Individual protection is the goal for vaccination against diseases that have inanimate or animal reservoirs or that pose risks for certain populations. Community protection is the goal for vaccination against diseases that are transmitted only from human to human. Community protection afforded by childhood vaccines has been highly successful against measles, rubella, mumps, and polio. However, outbreaks of measles, rubella, and mumps continue to occur, primarily because of inadequate immunization of children under age 2. Simplification of vaccination regimens, provision of incentives to care providers and parents, and increased access to care should improve vaccination rates in the United States. Better protection requires better use of available vaccines. Eradication of disease through vaccination is the ultimate goal of community protection. Elimination of the infectious agent is the most effective means of achieving life-long protection. The World Health Organization's (WHO) smallpox eradication campaign eliminated a serious disease as well as the need for a vaccine with frequent and severe adverse reactions. The discontinuation of smallpox vaccination in the United States has produced a savings of over $3 billion. Polio has been targeted by WHO for eradication by the year 2000. The eradication of polio and the elimination of the need for polio vaccination in the United States should result in a savings of $110 million per year in vaccine costs alone. Strong United States support is crucial for WHO to reach its goal. Any of the vaccine-preventable childhood virus diseases could be eradicated with sufficient national and international will. Measles and hepatitis B should be high priorities. The ultimate goal of vaccination is life-long protection of all individuals. Any disease of sufficient public health importance to warrant routine vaccination is of sufficient importance to warrant eradication wherever judged to be possible. RP DOWDLE, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 29 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2464 EP 2468 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.7.2464 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ND602 UT WOS:A1994ND60200016 PM 8146140 ER PT J AU LI, J NELSON, K MCWHORTER, AC WHITTAM, TS SELANDER, RK AF LI, J NELSON, K MCWHORTER, AC WHITTAM, TS SELANDER, RK TI RECOMBINATIONAL BASIS OF SEROVAR DIVERSITY IN SALMONELLA-ENTERICA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE NUCLEOTIDE AND AMINO ACID SEQUENCES; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; RECOMBINATION ID FLAGELLAR FILAMENT PROTEIN; INTRAGENIC RECOMBINATION; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACTERIAL FLAGELLA; COVALENT STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIGEN; ORGANIZATION AB The fliC gene, which encodes phase 1 flagellin, was sequenced in strains of 15 Salmonella enterica serovars expressing flagellar antigenic factors of the g series. The occurrence of each of the flagellin serotypes g,m, m,t, and g,Z51 in distantly related strains is the result of horizontal exchange of DNA, as indicated by identity or close similarity in nucleotide sequence of all or parts of the antigenic factor-determining central region of fliC. The flagellin genes of some serovars are complex mosaic structures composed of diverse segments derived through multiple recombination events. Thus, recombination of horizontally transferred segments (intragenic) or entire genes (assortative) within and among subspecies is identified as a major evolutionary mechanism generating both allelic variation at the fliC locus and serovar diversity in natural populations. Evidence that flagellar serological diversity is promoted by diversifying selection in adaptation to host immune defense systems or flagellotropic phage is discussed. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,INST MOLEC EVOLUT GENET,UNIV PK,PA 16802. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24566, AI-22144] NR 43 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 29 PY 1994 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2552 EP 2556 DI 10.1073/pnas.91.7.2552 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ND602 UT WOS:A1994ND60200034 PM 8146152 ER PT J AU HU, DJ FLEMING, PL MAYS, MA WARD, JW AF HU, DJ FLEMING, PL MAYS, MA WARD, JW TI THE EXPANDING REGIONAL DIVERSITY OF THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME EPIDEMIC IN THE UNITED-STATES SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL BISEXUAL MEN; AIDS INCIDENCE TRENDS; LOW PREVALENCE AREAS; VIRUS-INFECTION; SAN-FRANCISCO; MIGRATION; HEALTH; SPREAD AB Background: The geographic spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic reflects multiple subepidemics in different regions and population groups. Methods: To describe regional trends in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States, we analyzed national surveillance data for persons with AIDS diagnosed from 1988 through 1991. Results: Highest annual AIDS incidence rates were in the US territories (52.7 per 100 000) and the Northeast (27.7 per 100 000). The greatest percent-age increases were in the US territories (68.8%), the South (60.1%), and the Midwest (52.4%). Men who have sex with men constituted the majority of AIDS cases nationally (54.6%), as well as in the Midwest (67.8%), the South (57.4%), and the West (75.3%). Among injecting drug users, the greatest rates of increase in AIDS cases were observed among blacks in the South. Although large increases in the number of persons with HIV transmitted through heterosexual contact were reported from almost all regions, the largest increase was in the South. Conclusion: High rates of increase in AIDS cases from the Midwest, South, and US territories probably reflect later entry of HIV into these regions compared with the earlier HIV epidemics in large metropolitan areas of the Northeast and West. In particular, because the South has the largest population of the regions, and sexually transmitted disease surveillance data suggest that substantial populations in the South are at risk, the marked increase in AIDS incidence in this region suggests that the major impact of the epidemic may yet be seen. The continuing spread of HIV and AIDS in different communities and regions demonstrates the need to expand preventive and therapeutic services. RP HU, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 28 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 6 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.6.654 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NC366 UT WOS:A1994NC36600007 PM 8129499 ER PT J AU WHITE, M DAVIS, A RAWLINGS, J NEILL, S HENDRICKS, K SIMPSON, D GANN, W JONES, B ROUNTREE, S VUONG, D BERRY, D MCCHESNEY, T SIMMONS, J FERRIS, K WISE, F REARDON, J BRUNNER, W WALKER, W ROSENBURG, J EMMONS, R JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW ECHEVERRI, GB RESENDIZ, PER AF WHITE, M DAVIS, A RAWLINGS, J NEILL, S HENDRICKS, K SIMPSON, D GANN, W JONES, B ROUNTREE, S VUONG, D BERRY, D MCCHESNEY, T SIMMONS, J FERRIS, K WISE, F REARDON, J BRUNNER, W WALKER, W ROSENBURG, J EMMONS, R JACKSON, RJ RUTHERFORD, GW ECHEVERRI, GB RESENDIZ, PER TI HUMAN RABIES - TEXAS AND CALIFORNIA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 93, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR. MERRITHEW MEM HOSP,MARTINEZ,CA. CONTRA COSTA CTY HLTH SVCS DEPT,MARTINEZ,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. HLTH INST MEXICO STATE,TOLUCA,MEXICO,MEXICO. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP WHITE, M (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 23 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 12 BP 899 EP 900 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NA743 UT WOS:A1994NA74300008 ER PT J AU SELIK, RM CHU, SY AF SELIK, RM CHU, SY TI HIV-INFECTION AS LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG YOUNG-ADULTS IN US CITIES AND STATES - 1991 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP SELIK, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 23 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 12 BP 903 EP 903 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NA743 UT WOS:A1994NA74300015 PM 8120953 ER PT J AU BARRETT, B GUNTER, E SOWELL, A WANG, M AF BARRETT, B GUNTER, E SOWELL, A WANG, M TI ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE AND PRETERM RUPTURE OF FETAL MEMBRANES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A941 EP A941 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19702057 ER PT J AU PAMUK, E WILLIAMSON, D AF PAMUK, E WILLIAMSON, D TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC ISSUES IN SETTING BODY-WEIGHT STANDARDS FOR ADULTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & PROMOT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 18 PY 1994 VL 8 IS 5 BP A923 EP A923 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND197 UT WOS:A1994ND19701957 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS - ROUTE, DOSE, AND TITER SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANT TRANSMISSION RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 17 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 11 BP 784 EP 786 DI 10.1056/NEJM199403173301111 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NA742 UT WOS:A1994NA74200011 PM 8107747 ER PT J AU ANAPOL, H GREENMAN, R SFAKIANAKI, ED FERNANDEZ, M ARES, M LIVINGSTONE, W RIVERA, L BOCK, AM NEASMAN, AR HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS GLASS, GE KOLBER, M AF ANAPOL, H GREENMAN, R SFAKIANAKI, ED FERNANDEZ, M ARES, M LIVINGSTONE, W RIVERA, L BOCK, AM NEASMAN, AR HLADY, WG HOPKINS, RS GLASS, GE KOLBER, M TI NEWLY IDENTIFIED HANTAVIRUS - FLORIDA, 1994 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 99, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,MIAMI,FL. FLORIDA HLTH & REHABIL SERV DEPT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ANAPOL, H (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,JACKSON MEM HOSP,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL 33136, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 16 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 11 BP 816 EP 816 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MZ498 UT WOS:A1994MZ49800007 ER PT J AU ZELL, ER DIETZ, V STEVENSON, J COCHI, S BRUCE, RH AF ZELL, ER DIETZ, V STEVENSON, J COCHI, S BRUCE, RH TI LOW VACCINATION LEVELS OF US PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN - RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF VACCINATION COVERAGE, 1991-1992 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To obtain estimates on (1) the percentage of children who were up-to-date on the recommended childhood vaccination series, (2) the percentage of children who were age-appropriately immunized, and (3) coverage levels by individual vaccines. Design.-Vaccination levels were estimated by conducting retrospective immunization coverage surveys of the school health records of children entering kindergarten or first grade in the 1990-1991 or 1991-1992 school year. A multistage cluster survey design was used. Setting.-Survey sites were selected from among the 60 largest urban areas in the United States. One small city and one rural area were selected for comparison. Results.-By their second birthday, 11% to 58% (median, 44%) of the children were fully vaccinated. Stricter measurement criteria lowered coverage levels further. Completed series levels at school entry were 71% to 96% (median, 87%). Conclusions.-Vaccination levels at the second birthday were far below the goal for the year 2000. All health providers need to administer vaccines according to the recommended schedule. RP ZELL, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-62,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 16 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 11 BP 833 EP 839 DI 10.1001/jama.271.11.833 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MZ498 UT WOS:A1994MZ49800029 PM 8114237 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, RA THACKER, SB SOLOMON, SL OSTERHOLM, MT HUGHES, JM AF GOODMAN, RA THACKER, SB SOLOMON, SL OSTERHOLM, MT HUGHES, JM TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASES IN COMPETITIVE SPORTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HERPES-GLADIATORUM; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; FOOTBALL PLAYERS; HIV-INFECTION; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; WRESTLERS; EPIDEMIC; MEASLES; TEAM AB Objective.-Participation in competitive sports is popular and widely encouraged throughout the United States. Reports of infectious disease outbreaks among competitive athletes and recent publicity regarding infectious disease concerns in sports underscore the need to better characterize the occurrence of these problems. Data Sources.-To identify reports of infectious diseases in sports, we performed a comprehensive search of the medical literature (MEDLINE) and newspaper databases in two on-line services (NEXIS and DIALOG PAPERS). Study Selection.-Articles selected from the literature review included those describing cases or outbreaks of disease in which exposure to an infectious agent was likely to have occurred during training for competitive sports or during actual competition. Articles from the newspaper review included reports of outbreaks, exposures, or preventive measures that directly or indirectly involved teams or spectators. Data Synthesis.-The literature review identified 38 reports of infectious disease outbreaks or other instances of transmission through person-to-person (24 reports), common-source (nine reports), or airborne (five reports) routes; the newspaper search identified 28 reports. Infectious agents included predominantly viruses but also a variety of fungi and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions.-Our findings indicate that strategies to prevent transmission of infectious diseases in sports must recognize risks at three levels: the individual athlete, the team, and spectators or others who may become exposed to infectious diseases as a result of sports-related activities. Team physicians and others who are responsible for the health of athletes should be especially familiar with the features of infectious diseases that occur in sports and measures for the prevention of these problems. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. RP GOODMAN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 71 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 16 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 11 BP 862 EP 867 DI 10.1001/jama.271.11.862 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MZ498 UT WOS:A1994MZ49800034 PM 8114242 ER PT J AU DIJKHUIS, H ZWERLING, C PARRISH, G BENNETT, T KEMPER, HCG AF DIJKHUIS, H ZWERLING, C PARRISH, G BENNETT, T KEMPER, HCG TI MEDICAL EXAMINER DATA IN INJURY SURVEILLANCE - A COMPARISON WITH DEATH CERTIFICATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGED; CORONERS AND MEDICAL EXAMINERS; DEATH CERTIFICATES; MORTALITY; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; WOMEN; WOUNDS AND INJURIES ID FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Increasingly, researchers use medical examiner reports to study the epidemiology of fatal injuries, often assuming that reports of all fatal injuries are included in medical examiner databases. This study evaluated that assumption by comparing the medical examiner database with the death certificates of persons who died of fatal injuries in Iowa during 1990-1991. The authors also examined the association between demographic variables and the presence of a medical examiner report. Overall, medical examiners reported 68.7% of fatal injuries. Among broad categories of injury deaths, the percentages of medical examiner reports varied: 36.9% of fatalities from unintentional falls, 79.2% of transportation fatalities, 82.6% of intentional fatalities, and 57.3% of other external causes of death. Age and sex were also associated with the presence of a medical examiner report. Women's deaths were half as likely as men's to be reported by the medical examiner. Deaths among the elderly were underreported as well. Among the elderly, fatalities from unintentional falls and, to a lesser extent, transportation fatalities were less likely to be investigated by a medical examiner, but intentional fatalities were more likely to be. Although medical examiner reports may contain detailed information, they underreport the actual number of injury deaths. This underreporting is of special concern for injury research, since certain demographic groups were found to be underrepresented in medical examiner reports. C1 UNIV IOWA,HARBORVIEW INJURY PREVENT & RES CTR,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. VRIJE UNIV AMSTERDAM,FAC HUMAN MOVEMENT SCI,DEPT HLTH SCI,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. IOWA STATE MED EXAMINER,DES MOINES,IA. ST LUKES REG MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,SIOUX,IA. FU PHS HHS [CCR703640-03] NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 6 BP 637 EP 643 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NF396 UT WOS:A1994NF39600009 PM 8172175 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA AF NICHOLSON, JKA TI IMMUNOPHENOTYPING SPECIMENS FROM HIV-INFECTED PERSONS - LABORATORY GUIDELINES FROM THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL AND PREVENTION SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; METHODOLOGY; QUALITY CONTROL; QUALITY ASSURANCE; CD4+ T-CELLS; LABORATORY PRACTICE; BIOSAFETY; HEMATOLOGY; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTE GATES AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published laboratory guidelines for enumerating CD4+ T-cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons to help improve the quality of lymphocyte immunophenotyping. New data that clarify some of the variables in the process of immunophenotyping have been obtained. These include information relevant to both hematology and immunophenotyping procedures as well as quality control parameters that are important in producing reliable results. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP NICHOLSON, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MS A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD MAR 15 PY 1994 VL 18 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1002/cyto.990180111 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA NK129 UT WOS:A1994NK12900009 PM 7915984 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT LEVINE, WC HOPKINS, DP TAUXE, RV AF WEBER, JT LEVINE, WC HOPKINS, DP TAUXE, RV TI CHOLERA IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1965-1991 - RISKS AT HOME AND ABROAD SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; GULF-COAST; EPIDEMIC STRAIN; RAW OYSTERS; TRAVELERS; VCA-3 AB Objective: To assess risks for cholera in the United States. Design: Review of published reports of cholera outbreaks and sporadic cases and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) memoranda and laboratory reports. Patients: Persons with symptomatic laboratory-diagnosed cholera treated in the United States and territories. Results: From 1965 through 1991, 136 cases of cholera were reported. Fifty-three percent of the patients were hospitalized and three persons died (case-fatality rate, 0.02). Ninety-three infections were acquired in the United States and 42 overseas; for one case the source was unknown. Domestically acquired cholera was largely related to the endemic Gulf Coast focus of Vibrio cholerae 01 (56 cases). The major domestic food vehicle was shellfish, particularly crabs harvested from the Gulf of Mexico or nearby estuaries, In 1991, 14 (54%) of 26 domestically acquired cases were caused by food from Ecuador (n=11) and Thailand (n=3). During 1991, the first cases of cholera in travelers returning from South America were reported. In 1991, the rate of cholera among air travelers returning from South America was estimated as 0.3 per 100 000; among air travelers returning from Ecuador, 2.6 per 100 000. Conclusions: Cholera remains a small but persistent risk in the United States and for travelers. An endemic focus on the Gulf Coast, the continuing global pandemic, and the epidemic in South America make this likely to continue for years to come. Physicians should know how to diagnose and treat cholera and should report all suspected cases to their state health departments. RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAR 14 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 5 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.5.551 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NA075 UT WOS:A1994NA07500007 PM 8122948 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI HUMAN HEALTH-EFFECTS OF HAZARDOUS-WASTE - WHAT DO WE KNOW SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 41 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401948 ER PT J AU SMITH, L AF SMITH, L TI HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES - PERSPECTIVES ON CHEMICAL EXPOSURES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 42 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401949 ER PT J AU HALL, HI PRICEGREEN, P DHARA, VR KAYE, WE AF HALL, HI PRICEGREEN, P DHARA, VR KAYE, WE TI HEALTH-EFFECTS RELATED TO RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ON THE SUPERFUND PRIORITY LIST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 44 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401951 ER PT J AU DHARA, VR KAYE, WE HALL, HI LYBARGER, JA PRICEGREEN, PA AF DHARA, VR KAYE, WE HALL, HI LYBARGER, JA PRICEGREEN, PA TI PHYSICIAN EDUCATION FOR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE EMERGENCY EVENTS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 46 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401953 ER PT J AU WILSON, JD KNAAK, J AF WILSON, JD KNAAK, J TI HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE USING A PHYSIOLOGICALLY-BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OCCIDENTAL CHEM CORP,NIAGARA FALLS,NY 14302. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 62 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95401969 ER PT J AU GRAINGER, J NOMURA, G PATTERSON, DG WILSON, T GILLYARD, C AF GRAINGER, J NOMURA, G PATTERSON, DG WILSON, T GILLYARD, C TI DETERMINATION OF PHTHALATE-ESTERS BY ISOTOPE-DILUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SPELMAN COLL,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30314. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 101 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402008 ER PT J AU POHL, H DEROSA, C HOLLER, J AF POHL, H DEROSA, C HOLLER, J TI RISK ASSESSMENT FOR DIOXINS EXPOSURE FROM SOIL SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DEPT HHS,AGCY TOXIC SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 1994 VL 207 BP 205 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA MY954 UT WOS:A1994MY95402112 ER PT J AU SCOTT, M OWEN, P PORTER, R LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F LOUIS, G STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PIPPERT, K BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ATHERTON, M ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PLUNKETT, E BAKER, C WASHINGTON, C BURGUMLEE, B CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E REMINGTON, P AF SCOTT, M OWEN, P PORTER, R LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E NEWFIELD, F LOUIS, G STEINER, B GUEST, R BUSICK, P PIPPERT, K BRAMBLETT, K HARGROVEROBERSON, D MAINES, D WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ATHERTON, M ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PLUNKETT, E BAKER, C WASHINGTON, C BURGUMLEE, B CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E REMINGTON, P TI PREVALENCE OF ADULTS WITH NO KNOWN MAJOR RISK-FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART-DISEASE - BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 61, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP SCOTT, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 9 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 10 BP 741 EP 742 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MY288 UT WOS:A1994MY28800011 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ AF ADDISS, DG EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ TI FILARIAL ADENOLYMPHANGITIS WITHOUT FILARIAL INFECTION SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 5 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8897 BP 597 EP 597 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91547-4 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MY843 UT WOS:A1994MY84300035 PM 7906341 ER PT J AU GELLERT, GA GLASS, RI AF GELLERT, GA GLASS, RI TI AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION OF A SMALL ROUND STRUCTURED VIRUS - REPLY SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GELLERT, GA (reprint author), CTR HLTH SCI EDUC,PROJECT HOPE,MILLWOOD,VA 22646, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 5 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8897 BP 609 EP 609 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MY843 UT WOS:A1994MY84300064 PM 7906369 ER PT J AU BENOIT, V RAICHE, P SMITH, MG GUTHRIE, J DONNELLY, EF JULIAN, EM LEE, R DIMAIO, S RITTMANN, M MATYAS, BT AF BENOIT, V RAICHE, P SMITH, MG GUTHRIE, J DONNELLY, EF JULIAN, EM LEE, R DIMAIO, S RITTMANN, M MATYAS, BT TI FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI - RHODE-ISLAND AND NEW-HAMPSHIRE, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 81, 87-89, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV RHODE ISL INFIRM,KINGSTON,RI. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. US FDA,ATLANTA DIST OFF,ATLANTA,GA. US FDA,DIV EMERGENCY & EPIDEMIOL OPERAT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP BENOIT, V (reprint author), NEW HAMPSHIRE DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH 03301, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 2 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 9 BP 652 EP 654 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MX570 UT WOS:A1994MX57000011 ER PT J AU BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM ONORATO, IM DANSBURY, KG KELLY, GD DRIVER, CR SNIDER, DE AF BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM ONORATO, IM DANSBURY, KG KELLY, GD DRIVER, CR SNIDER, DE TI NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB Objective.-To determine antituberculosis drug resistance patterns, geographic distribution, demographic characteristics, and risk factors of reported tuberculosis (TB) patients in the United States. Design.-Survey of reported TB cases in the United States. For culture-positive cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we asked health departments to provide drug susceptibility test results from initial Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Study Population.-Culture-positive TB cases in the United States reported during the first quarter of 1991. Main Outcome Measures.-Individual TB case reports submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and drug susceptibility test results. Result.-Resistance to one or more antituberculosis drugs was found in 14.2% of cases. Resistance to isoniazid and/or rifampin was found in 9.5% of cases whose isolates were tested against one or both drugs; such cases were found in 107 counties in 33 states. Resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin (multidrug-resistant [MDR] TB) was found in 3.5% of cases whose isolates were tested against both drugs; such cases were found in 35 counties in 13 states. New York City accounted for 61.4% of the nation's MDR TB cases. The 3-month population-based incidence rate of MDR TB in New York City was 52.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.5 to 78.3) that of the rest of the nation (9.559 vs 0.182 cases per million population). Compared with the rate in non-Hispanic whites in the rest of the nation (0.032 cases per million), the relative risk of MDR TB in New York City non-Hispanic whites was 39.0 (95% CI, 8.1 to 164.5), 299.3 (95% CI, 112.5 to 927.1) in Hispanics, 420.9 (95% CI, 121.0 to 1515.8) in Asian/Pacific islanders, and 701.0 (95% CI, 296.4 to 2018.1) in non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions.-With nearly 10% of TB patients resistant to isoniazid and/or rifampin, greater use of four-drug regimens and directly observed therapy is indicated. Aggressive intervention to prevent the further spread of MDR TB is needed to find every TB patient and to provide optimal patient, management to ensure completion of chemotherapy. RP BLOCH, AB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,INFORMAT SERV OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 291 Z9 297 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 2 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 9 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1001/jama.271.9.665 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MX570 UT WOS:A1994MX57000026 PM 8080502 ER PT J AU CHERIAN, T STEINHOFF, MC HARRISON, LH ROHN, D MCDOUGAL, LK DICK, J AF CHERIAN, T STEINHOFF, MC HARRISON, LH ROHN, D MCDOUGAL, LK DICK, J TI A CLUSTER OF INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE IN YOUNG-CHILDREN IN CHILD-CARE SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AB Objective.-To investigate a cluster of invasive pneumococcal disease in children 8 to 26 months of age, using standard microbiological procedures and ribosomal DNA gene-restriction patterns to characterize the outbreak strain. Design.-Outbreak investigation. Setting.-A family child-care home with six children in Baltimore, Md. Results.-During an 8-day period, three of the six children in the family child-care home had febrile illnesses with pneumococcal bacteremia, and a fourth had purulent pneumococcal conjunctivitis. Type 12F Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the four ill children and from the nasopharynges of the two healthy children. Ribotyping revealed all outbreak isolates had an identical ribotype pattern. Administration of rifampin to the children did not eradicate carriage of the organism. Conclusions.-Our data demonstrate that child care provides an opportunity for outbreak of invasive pneumococcal disease in young child ren. This observation suggests a need for increased alertness for clusters of pneumococcal disease in young children in child-care facilities and underscores the necessity for a pneumococcal vaccine that is effective in infants and young children. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,CTR IMMUNIZAT RES,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT LAB MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 22 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 2 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 9 BP 695 EP 697 DI 10.1001/jama.271.9.695 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MX570 UT WOS:A1994MX57000031 PM 8309033 ER PT J AU SIMONSEN, L HENEINE, W SINHA, SD ARENBERG, IK AF SIMONSEN, L HENEINE, W SINHA, SD ARENBERG, IK TI ABSENCE OF EVIDENCE FOR INFECTION WITH THE HUMAN SPUMA RETROVIRUS IN AN OUTBREAK OF MENIERE-LIKE VERTIGINOUS ILLNESS IN WYOMING, USA SO ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL ACT,ATLANTA,GA. EAR CTR,INT MENIERES DIS RES INST,ENGLEWOOD,CO. OI Simonsen, Lone/0000-0003-1535-8526 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0001-6489 J9 ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL JI Acta Oto-Laryngol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 114 IS 2 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.3109/00016489409126047 PG 2 WC Otorhinolaryngology SC Otorhinolaryngology GA ND135 UT WOS:A1994ND13500020 PM 8203206 ER PT J AU MARLEY, SE KNAPP, SE JOHNSON, GR AF MARLEY, SE KNAPP, SE JOHNSON, GR TI PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM LIVER FLUKE INFECTED HEIFERS TREATED IN WESTERN MONTANA SO AGRI-PRACTICE LA English DT Article AB A study was conducted to determine the impact of liver fluke infection upon maternal yield by comparing birth weights, weaning weights, and weight gain of calves, from first-calf heifers naturally infected with liver flukes and treated with Ivomec(R) (Merck & Co., Rahway, N.J.) or Ivomec-F(R) (Merck & Company). Ninety-three heifers were used in the study at a site in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana. These results showed the effects of treating the heifers and the subsequent performance of their offspring. RP MARLEY, SE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,BLDG 23,MS F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU VETERINARY PRACTICE PUBL CO PI SANTA BARBARA PA 7 ASHLEY AVE SOUTH, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93103-9989 SN 0745-452X J9 AGRI-PRACTICE JI Agri-Pract. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 6 EP 8 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA NF828 UT WOS:A1994NF82800003 ER PT J AU OTTEN, RA BROWN, BG SIMON, M LUPO, LD PAREKH, BS LAIRMORE, MD SCHABLE, CA SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA AF OTTEN, RA BROWN, BG SIMON, M LUPO, LD PAREKH, BS LAIRMORE, MD SCHABLE, CA SCHOCHETMAN, G RAYFIELD, MA TI DIFFERENTIAL REPLICATION AND PATHOGENIC EFFECTS OF HIV-1 AND HIV-2 IN MACACA-NEMESTRINA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE MACACA-NEMESTRINA; HIV-1; HIV-2; CD4+ CELL; PATHOGENESIS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PERSISTENT INFECTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; HTLV-III; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CLONES; AIDS; MACAQUES AB Objective: HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates representing various geographic regions and distinct viral subtypes were examined for their ability to establish both in vitro and in vivo productive infections of Macaca nemestrina (pigtail macaque) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods: Animals were inoculated with either autologous cell-associated or cell-free viral preparations of selected isolates. HIV-specific immune responsiveness, hematologic changes, genetic variation, and virus burden were monitored as delineators of HIV pathogenesis. Results: HIV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo correlated with nascent antigen production and rising viral titers as determined by infectious center assays. Infection was detectable by polymerase chain reaction amplification of proviral sequences in macaque cells as early as 1 week postinoculation. Two distinct patterns of CD4+ cell depletion induced by HIV-2 infection were observed during the first month postinoculation and characterized by a moderate loss sustained through 20 weeks postinoculation or a substantial loss maintained long-term (> 90 weeks). Identity between inoculating viral stocks and subsequent viral isolates from animals was established comparatively by limited sequence analysis of specific domains within the HIV-2 pol and env genes. In contrast, replication of HIV-1 isolates was limited or only semipermissive in vitro. Intravenous inoculation of HIV-1 field isolates, using conditions successful for HIV-2 (for example, identical viral titers), failed to establish a productive viral infection leading to seroconversion or fluctuations in hematologic cell markers. Infection with a high-titer inoculum of a laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain in vivo, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction analysis, produced seroconversion in the absence of overt viral replication or hematologic variations in one out of four animals. Conclusions: This system provides for multifaceted modeling of HIV pathogenesis, primarily with HIV-2 and potentially with HIV-1/-2 chimerics, in support of immunotherapeutic developments and critical evaluation of intervention practices. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,MAILSTOP G15,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR RETROVIRUS RES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 55185] NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 297 EP 306 DI 10.1097/00002030-199403000-00002 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ND708 UT WOS:A1994ND70800002 PM 8031510 ER PT J AU KASSLER, WJ ZENILMAN, JM ERICKSON, B FOX, R PETERMAN, TA HOOK, EW AF KASSLER, WJ ZENILMAN, JM ERICKSON, B FOX, R PETERMAN, TA HOOK, EW TI SEROCONVERSION IN PATIENTS ATTENDING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE HIV INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; INCIDENCE; TRANSMISSION COFACTORS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD), STD CLINIC; GONORRHEA; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; HIV-INFECTION; RISK FACTOR; TRANSMISSION; TYPE-1; MEN; ASSOCIATION; COHORT; FEMALE; AIDS AB Objectives: To characterize recent HIV seroconverters in a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic population, and examine changing transmission patterns. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested within a retrospectively defined cohort of individuals attending Baltimore STD clinics between January 1988 and July 1990. Seroconverters, who tested HIV-positive after having a negative test, were compared to both HIV-negative controls, who were also tested twice, and a second, prevalent HIV-positive control group. Controls were matched 2:1 by sex, clinic, and month of HIV test. Results: Forty-nine out of 6175 (0.79%) patients tested at least twice had documented HIV-1 seroconversion. On multivariate analysis, seroconversion was significantly associated with self-reported injecting drug use [odds ratio (OR), 7.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3-23)], with being a man who has had sex with other men (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-10), or with having sex with a known HIV-infected person (OR, 11; 95% CI, 1.3-96). Thirty-five per cent of seroconverters did not report a risk for HIV infection, and a higher proportion of recent seroconverters also reported no risk. Compared to the prevalent positive control group, more seroconverters reported no risk and a lower proportion reported recognized risks. A diagnosis of gonorrhea was also significantly associated with seroconversion (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.7). Conclusions: These data suggest increasing heterosexual transmission of HIV in this inner-city STD clinic population. Incident STD, in particular gonorrhea, may increase a patient's risk for HIV infection, suggesting that patients with STD should be targeted aggressively for HIV prevention activities. C1 BALTIMORE CITY DEPT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP KASSLER, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 3 BP 351 EP 355 DI 10.1097/00002030-199403000-00009 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ND708 UT WOS:A1994ND70800009 PM 8031513 ER PT J AU ICHIMURA, H KLIKS, SC VISRUTARATNA, S OU, CY KALISH, ML LEVY, JA AF ICHIMURA, H KLIKS, SC VISRUTARATNA, S OU, CY KALISH, ML LEVY, JA TI BIOLOGICAL, SEROLOGICAL, AND GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF HIV-1 SUBTYPE-E ISOLATES FROM NORTHERN THAILAND SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AIDS; NEUTRALIZATION; TYPE-1; ANTIBODIES; VARIANTS; PATTERNS AB Twenty-three HIV-1 isolates were recovered from PBMCs from 26 HIV-1-seropositive individuals in northern Thailand. The viruses grew readily in human PBMCs but only 7 of 17 (41.2%) and 5 of 17 (29.4%) replicated and only at a low level in primary macrophages and in established T cell lines, respectively. By immunoblot assays, sera from Thai subjects were strongly reactive with gp120 from a Thailand isolate, moderately reactive with a Rwandan isolate, and weakly reactive with a North American strain. These three viruses represent, respectively, examples of subtypes E, A, and B as classified by the sequences of the envelope region.(1) Serological assays indicated that broadly reactive rather than type-specific neutralizing activity was detected among these northern Thai sera. The majority of the sera (approximately 75%) neutralized a representative Thailand isolate and the Rwanda isolate but only 55% neutralized the North American strain. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The genetic analyses indicated that nearly all the Thai isolates were highly homogeneous and distinct from the North American/European consensus sequence (subtype B); they belong to subtype E. This if the first report providing biological, serological, and genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains from Thailand. The findings suggest these viruses were recently introduced into the country and that serological evaluation of viral strains needs to be considered along with genetic subtyping when developing an HIV-1 vaccine. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,CANC RES INST,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. MINIST PUBL HLTH,CHIANGMAI PROV HLTH OFF,CHIANG MAI,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ICHIMURA, H (reprint author), KURE NATL HOSP,INST CLIN RES,KURE 737,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [UO1 AI2647] NR 26 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 3 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1089/aid.1994.10.263 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA NE725 UT WOS:A1994NE72500007 PM 8018386 ER PT J AU ROSENFELD, P BOOTHKEWLEY, S EDWARDS, JE ALDERTON, DL AF ROSENFELD, P BOOTHKEWLEY, S EDWARDS, JE ALDERTON, DL TI LINKING DIVERSITY AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT - A STUDY OF HISPANIC, BLACK, AND WHITE NAVY RECRUITS SO AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; COMPUTER C1 USN,PERSONNEL RES & DEV CTR,MARINE CORP EQUAL OPPORTUN SURVEY,SAN DIEGO,CA 92132. CALIF SCH PROFESS PSYCHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ROSENFELD, P (reprint author), USN,PERSONNEL RES & DEV CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA 92132, USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0002-7642 J9 AM BEHAV SCI JI Am. Behav. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 37 IS 5 BP 672 EP 681 DI 10.1177/0002764294037005007 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA MX579 UT WOS:A1994MX57900006 ER PT J AU DIETZ, WH BANDINI, LG MORELLI, JA PEERS, KF CHING, PLYH AF DIETZ, WH BANDINI, LG MORELLI, JA PEERS, KF CHING, PLYH TI EFFECT OF SEDENTARY ACTIVITIES ON RESTING METABOLIC-RATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ACTIVITY; TELEVISION; METABOLIC RATE; CHILDREN; OBESITY ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; DIET; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY AB We examined the effect of television viewing on resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a cohort of 9 obese and 18 nonobese girls aged 10.4 +/- 1.1 y. RMR was measured while girls watched television, read, or sat quietly for 15 min. Movement was assessed by using activity monitors and a manual count of movements observed on a videotape. Absolute RMR was greater for the obese girls, but no significant treatment effect existed for absolute RMR within either group. Although measured activity did not differ, observed movements were greater when the girls were sitting quietly. Total observed and measured movements were significantly correlated with the CV of the minute-by-minute RMR. These results suggest that television viewing does not alter RMR. Although children appear to fidget more when sitting quietly than when they read or watch television, fidgeting appears to affect the minute-to-minute variation of RMR rather than the level of resting energy expenditure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP DIETZ, WH (reprint author), BOSTON FLOATING HOSP INFANTS & CHILDREN,DIV PEDIAT GASTROENTEROL & NUTR,BOX 213,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00088]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD25579] NR 17 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 556 EP 559 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MZ669 UT WOS:A1994MZ66900002 PM 8116530 ER PT J AU FLAGG, EW COATES, RJ JONES, DP BYERS, TE GREENBERG, RS GRIDLEY, G MCLAUGHLIN, JK BLOT, WJ HABER, M PRESTONMARTIN, S SCHOENBERG, JB AUSTIN, DF FRAUMENI, JF AF FLAGG, EW COATES, RJ JONES, DP BYERS, TE GREENBERG, RS GRIDLEY, G MCLAUGHLIN, JK BLOT, WJ HABER, M PRESTONMARTIN, S SCHOENBERG, JB AUSTIN, DF FRAUMENI, JF TI DIETARY GLUTATHIONE INTAKE AND THE RISK OF ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL CANCER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIET; GLUTATHIONE; MOUTH NEOPLASMS; NEOPLASMS; PHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS ID UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-C; CARCINOGENESIS; INJURY; FIBER; CELLS AB Glutathione, a tripeptide found in a variety of foods, may function as an anticarcinogen by acting as an antioxidant and by binding with cellular mutagens. The association between dietary glutathione intake and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer was investigated using data from 1,830 white participants (855 cases and 975 controls) in a population-based case-control study conducted in New Jersey; metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County, California; and Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, south of San Francisco-Oakland, California, during 1984-1985. The estimated relative risk of cancer among people with the highest quartile of glutathione intake from all sources was 0.5 (95% confidence interval 0.3-0.7). When analyzed by dietary source, however, glutathione intakes derived from all vegetables and from meat were not related to risk of cancer. Only glutathione derived from fruit and from vegetables commonly consumed raw was associated with reduced oral cancer risk. Relative to the lowest level of combined intake of fruit and of fruit-derived glutathione, risk of cancer decreased slightly with increasing intake of fruit glutathione. This analysis was limited, however, by the small numbers of subjects with extreme combinations of intakes. Further studies are needed to distinguish the potential effect of glutathione from that of fruit and raw vegetables per se or from the influence of other constituents in these foods. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,CHRON DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,EMERYVILLE,CA. RP FLAGG, EW (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17998-15, N01-CP-31041-01] NR 48 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 5 BP 453 EP 465 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NF164 UT WOS:A1994NF16400001 PM 8154469 ER PT J AU HOGE, CW FISHER, L DONNELL, HD DODSON, DR TOMLINSON, GV BREIMAN, RF BLOCH, AB GOOD, RC AF HOGE, CW FISHER, L DONNELL, HD DODSON, DR TOMLINSON, GV BREIMAN, RF BLOCH, AB GOOD, RC TI RISK-FACTORS FOR TRANSMISSION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS IN A PRIMARY-SCHOOL OUTBREAK - LACK OF RACIAL DIFFERENCE IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHILD; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; NEGROID RACE; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CHILDHOOD; PROGRAMS; CHILDREN AB Recent data have suggested that there are racial differences in the susceptibility to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An opportunity to test this suggestion was afforded by an outbreak of tuberculosis in a racially mixed elementary school in St, Louis County, Missouri, A physical education teacher was discovered to have cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Of 343 students in the school, 176 (51 percent) were found to be tuberculin skin test positive (greater than or equal to 5 mm induration by Mantoux method); 32 children had abnormal chest radiographs. More frequent contact with the physical education teacher was associated with infection (p < 0.001). Black children were no more likely to be infected than were white children (relative risk (RR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.22). However, black children who were tuberculin positive had larger skin reactions than did white children (mean, 18.9 vs. 16.6 mm, p < 0.001) and were more likely to have abnormal chest radiographs (RR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.44-5.27). Among tuberculin-positive children, low body mass index (less than 10th percentile) was associated with active disease (RR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.45-5.80). The analysis of race was unchanged after controlling for sex, body build, and level of contact with the physical education teacher. Widespread tuberculous infection resulted from contact with a highly infectious staff person. Thin body build was a risk factor for active disease. Black children were no more susceptible to infection than were white children, although they more commonly developed radiographic evidence of active disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST LOUIS CTY DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH & MED CARE,ST LOUIS,MO. STATE MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 40 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 5 BP 520 EP 530 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NF164 UT WOS:A1994NF16400008 PM 8154476 ER PT J AU HOGE, CW FISHER, L DONNELL, HD DODSON, DR TOMLINSON, GV BREIMAN, RF BLOCH, AB GOOD, RC AF HOGE, CW FISHER, L DONNELL, HD DODSON, DR TOMLINSON, GV BREIMAN, RF BLOCH, AB GOOD, RC TI INVITED COMMENTARY - RELATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BLACK-AMERICANS TO TUBERCULOSIS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ST LOUIS CTY DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH & MED CARE,ST LOUIS,MO. STATE MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HOGE, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 5 BP 533 EP 534 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NF164 UT WOS:A1994NF16400010 ER PT J AU POWERS, WF KIELY, JL AF POWERS, WF KIELY, JL TI HOW TO FIND A WOMBMATE - VALIDATION OF AN ALGORITHM TO IDENTIFY TWIN PAIRS IN LINKED BIRTH INFANT DEATH FILES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INFANT MORTALITY; RISK FACTORS; TWINS ID INFANT-MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES AB Linked Birth/infant Death Files available from the National Center for Health Statistics identify an infant as a twin, but do not identify twin pairs. An algorithm based on maternal, paternal, and infant characteristics has been used to identify twin pairs, but the validity of this algorithm has never been tested. The Missouri linked birth/infant death file from 1980 to 1990 identifies twin pairs by a sequence number. The authors tested the rate and accuracy with which the algorithm identified true pairs in the Missouri file and whether estimates of risk and possible risk factors calculated from pairs of twins identified by the algorithm agreed with these characteristics as calculated from known twin pairs. The algorithm identified 96% (8,273 of 8,620) of true pairs and one false pair. Despite incomplete pair identification, and even identification of a false pair, estimates from the subset identified by the algorithm generally agreed well with characteristics measured from all twin pairs. Nonetheless, incorporation of a multiple birth sequence number into Linked Birth/infant Death Files would enhance their utility. C1 NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP POWERS, WF (reprint author), WINCHESTER HOSP,JOINT PROGRAM NEONATOL SPECIAL CARE NURSERY,41 HIGHLAND AVE,WINCHESTER,MA 01890, USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 5 BP 535 EP 540 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NF164 UT WOS:A1994NF16400011 PM 8154478 ER PT J AU JACKSON, BM BECKSAGUE, CM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ MEYER, L JARVIS, WR AF JACKSON, BM BECKSAGUE, CM BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ MEYER, L JARVIS, WR TI OUTBREAK OF PYROGENIC REACTIONS AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA IN A HEMODIALYSIS CENTER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMODIALYSIS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA; PYROGENIC REACTIONS AB Six episodes of gram-negative bacteremia and seven pyrogenic reactions occurred in II patients in one hemodialysis center. Gram-negative bacteremias and/or pyrogenic reactions were not related to reuse and were more likely to occur if dialysis was performed in one unit of the center (8/13 unit 5 vs. 221/1, 151 in other units, p < 0.001) and with one type of dialysis machine (10/13 vs. 581/1, 151 with other machines, p = 0.05), which was preferentially used in unit 5 (p < 0.01). Bacterial and endotoxin concentrations of water used to prepare dialysate and reprocess hemodialyzers, and of dialysate, exceeded allowable concentrations recommended by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The implicated dialysis machines were disinfected with chemicals daily, but not heat-disinfected daily as suggested by the manufacturer. Results suggest that the outbreak was caused by the use of water that did not meet AAMI standards and inadequate disinfection of one type of dialysis machine. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 16 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-8095 J9 AM J NEPHROL JI Am. J. Nephrol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 14 IS 2 BP 85 EP 89 DI 10.1159/000168694 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA NT842 UT WOS:A1994NT84200002 PM 8080011 ER PT J AU HILLIS, SD NAKASHIMA, A MARCHBANKS, PA ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP AF HILLIS, SD NAKASHIMA, A MARCHBANKS, PA ADDISS, DG DAVIS, JP TI RISK-FACTORS FOR RECURRENT CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS IN WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RECURRENT INFECTION ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; ADOLESCENTS KNOWLEDGE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; ATTITUDES; MODEL; AIDS AB OBJECTIVE: We evaluated risk factors for recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. STUDY DESIGN: We used a retrospective cohort design to examine predictors of recurrent infection in the 38,866 female residents of Wisconsin whose first reported C. trachomatis infection occurred between 1985 and 1989. RESULTS: Young age at first reported infection was the strongest predictor of recurrent C. trachomatis infection, after adjustment for covariates. Adolescents < 15 years old had an eightfold increased risk, those 15 to 19 years old had a fivefold increased risk, and women 20 to 29 years old had a twofold increased risk of recurrent C. trachomatis infection, compared wit; that among women 30 to 44 years old. In 54% of those aged < 15 at initial infection and 30% of those aged 15 to 19, recurrence developed. Other characteristics associated with recurrence included black race, residence in Milwaukee County, coinfection with gonorrhea, and past sexually transmitted diseases; receiving care in a family-planning clinic appeared protective. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of strategies to reduce the markedly elevated risk of recurrent chlamydia infections is urgently needed in female adolescents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR PREVENT SERV, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV TRAINING, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV, BUR PUBL HLTH, MADISON, WI USA. NR 23 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 170 IS 3 BP 801 EP 806 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA NC566 UT WOS:A1994NC56600020 PM 8141205 ER PT J AU MCNABB, SJN WELCH, K LAUMARK, S PETERSON, DE RATARD, RC TOOLE, MJ FARLEY, TA AF MCNABB, SJN WELCH, K LAUMARK, S PETERSON, DE RATARD, RC TOOLE, MJ FARLEY, TA TI POPULATION-BASED NUTRITIONAL RISK SURVEY OF PENSIONERS IN YEREVAN, ARMENIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Armenia, a republic of the former Soviet Union, currently suffers from hyperinflation of its currency, a five-year countrywide blockade, and a war with Azerbaijan. Pensioners 60 years of age or older may be at high risk for significant nutritional deficits. We drew a stratified systematic sample (with a random starting point) of 456 pensioner names from all eight administrative regions in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. We administered a questionnaire that gathered data including self-reported weight and height, demographic characteristics, living conditions, medical and dietary history, income, and aid received from various sources. The survey yielded 381 of 456 (84%) completed interviews. Ninety-one percent reported their diet had gotten worse during the past six months, including less variety (83%) and quantity (85%) of food. Seventy-six percent reported they did not have enough money to buy food, and 91% had cut the size of their meals or skipped meals. Forty-five percent reported a weight loss of greater-than-or-equal-to 5 kg in the previous year. After we adjusted for potential confounders, weight loss of greater-than-or-equal-to 5 kg was associated with illness affecting eating (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.4, 3.4), not having received aid (adjusted OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1, 4.1), and cutting the size of or skipping meals (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 6.7). Using self-reported current and recalled height and weight, we found that the mean body mass indices (BMI) of pensioners in 1992 were significantly less (P < .001) than in 1991 (male BMI = 26.2 versus 27.4, female BMI = 26.8 versus 28.5). However, the 1992 BMI of female pensioners in Yerevan was not significantly different than the BMI of a comparison group in the United States (female BMI = 26.8 versus 26.7), and Armenian male pensioners' BMI was significantly greater than that of U.S. elderly men (26.2 versus 25.5) (P < .01). Among pensioners in Yerevan, recent weight loss was common, but chronic wasting was not. The recent weight loss may be due to inadequate caloric intake caused by the shortage and high price of food. Pensioners with illnesses affecting eating and those who had not received aid were at especially high risk for nutritional disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 2 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA NL055 UT WOS:A1994NL05500001 PM 8037933 ER PT J AU RUBIN, CH POSNER, BM PETERSON, DE AF RUBIN, CH POSNER, BM PETERSON, DE TI NUTRITIONAL SURVEY OF AN ELDERLY RUSSIAN POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB During March and April 1992, CARE International, with epidemiological support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, conducted household surveys of pensioners 70 years of age or older in two Russian cities. The objectives of these studies were to assess survey feasibility, to report baseline nutritional data, and to determine if demographic identifiers on computerized government listings could be used to target nutritional aid toward the most needy among elderly people. Pensioners in each city were administered questionnaires regarding food consumption and financial and health status. We calculated scores for body mass index (BMI) and Nutritional Screening Initiative (NSI) Checklist (a tool for assessing the nutritional risk status of U.S. elderly). Median pension income was 410 roubles (about $4.00) per month. Forty-five percent of the participants had less-than-or-equal-to 500 roubles in savings, 64% reported dental problems, and 60% responded that they had medical problems that interfered with eating. Although the Russian BMI distribution was similar to that of a comparison U.S. elderly population, the Russian NSI score totals were unfavorably elevated. The mean NSI score of 8.8 is more than twice the reported U.S. mean. We found no single demographic identifier to predict the elderly subjects considered at greatest risk, according to NSI scoring. Longitudinal follow-up of these pensioners will be used for continuing assessment of the impact of economic restructuring in Russia upon elderly citizens. RP RUBIN, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP F-46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 2 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA NL055 UT WOS:A1994NL05500002 PM 8037934 ER PT J AU MENDELL, MJ FINE, L AF MENDELL, MJ FINE, L TI EDITORIAL - BUILDING VENTILATION AND SYMPTOMS - WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP MENDELL, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH,IWSB,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-16,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.346 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800001 PM 8129046 ER PT J AU LUBY, S JONES, J HORAN, J AF LUBY, S JONES, J HORAN, J TI USING CD4 COUNTS TO EVALUATE THE STAGES AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV-INFECTION IN SOUTH-CAROLINA PUBLIC CLINIC PATIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; SEROPOSITIVITY; ABNORMALITIES; PROGRESSION AB Objectives. CD4 lymphocyte counts decrease with the duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We used CD4 counts collected for clinical reasons to evaluate the stage of HIV infection and the epidemiology of recent HN infections among attendees of South Carolina's public health clinics. Methods. We measured the CD4 T-lymphocyte counts of persons newly diagnosed with HN infection April 1989 through June 1990 at South Carolina public hearth clinics who returned for follow-up. Results. Of 812 newly diagnosed HIV-infected health department patients, 420 (52%) had their CD4 lymphocyte counts measured. Of these 420, 51 (12%) had CD4 counts of <200, the level below which prophylaxis for pneumocystis pneumonia prolongs survival, and 193 (46%) had CD4 counts of < 500, the level below which zidovudine may prolong disease-free survival. The highest CD4 counts (greater than or equal to 900), which are associated with more recent HIV infection, were more common in females. Conclusions. In South Carolina, almost half of newly reported HIV-infected persons who agreed to CD4 testing at the health department might benefit from immediate drug therapy. Within this population, women may be an emerging risk group that requires specifically directed HIV prevention efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30341. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 377 EP 381 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.377 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800007 PM 7907458 ER PT J AU HOLTZMAN, D LOWRY, R KANN, L COLLINS, JL KOLBE, LJ AF HOLTZMAN, D LOWRY, R KANN, L COLLINS, JL KOLBE, LJ TI CHANGES IN HIV-RELATED INFORMATION-SOURCES, INSTRUCTION, KNOWLEDGE, AND BEHAVIORS AMONG US HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS, 1989 AND 1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 119th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 11, 1991 CL ATLANTA, GA SP AMER PUBLIC HLTH ASSOC ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; CONDOM USE; AIDS; ATTITUDES; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; BELIEFS AB Objectives. Few data have been available among adolescents to determine behavioral changes that may prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This analysis examines changes in the prevalence of self-reported HIV-related information sources, instruction, knowledge, and behaviors among high school students in the United States. Methods. Two independent, multistage national probability samples of students in grades 9 through 12 were surveyed in 1989 (n = 8098) and 1990 (n = 11 631) with self-administered, anonymous questionnaires that included similar items. Results, Compared with students surveyed in 1989, a significantly greater proportion of students surveyed in 1990 had received HIV instruction in school. Significant decreases were found in the proportion of White and female students who reported having had sexual intercourse, in the proportion of White students reporting two or more lifetime sex partners, and in the proportion of 15- and 16-year-olds, White students, and female students who reported having had four or more lifetime sex partners. For both years, students who had a greater level of HIV knowledge were less likely to have had multiple lifetime sex partners or to have injected illicit drugs. Conclusions. The findings suggest that school-based HIV education and knowledge may be contributing factors in reducing certain risk behaviors that can lead to HIV transmission among secondary school youth. RP HOLTZMAN, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 388 EP 393 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.388 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800009 PM 8129053 ER PT J AU LIPSETT, M WALLER, K SHUSTERMAN, D THOLLAUG, S BRUNNER, W AF LIPSETT, M WALLER, K SHUSTERMAN, D THOLLAUG, S BRUNNER, W TI THE RESPIRATORY HEALTH IMPACT OF A LARGE URBAN FIRE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION AB Objectives. In July 1988, a fire destroyed a huge supermarket warehouse in Richmond, Calif, sending smoke into residential neighborhoods for nearly a week. There was no organized public health response. To evaluate the respiratory health impact on the general population, a survey of emergency room visits and hospital admissions to the two acute-care hospitals serving the population downwind was conducted. Methods. Medical records of 489 patients meeting specified diagnostic criteria during the week of the fire and several reference periods were abstracted. Ratios of proportions for respiratory diagnoses (i.e., emergency room visits for a given diagnosis/total emergency room visits) were calculated, comparing the fire week with the reference periods, and 1988 mortality data for the area were reviewed. Results. Ratios of proportions for emergency room visits for asthma and all lower respiratory conditions increased significantly during the fire. Respiratory-related hospitalizations also increased. However, there was no observable increase in respiratory mortality. Conclusions. This fire was found to have had a moderate impact on the respiratory health of local residents. Public health intervention is indicated to prevent respiratory morbidity when extended exposure to structural fire smoke is predictable. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT SOCIAL & ADM HLTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CONTRA COSTA COUNTYS DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,MARTINEZ,CA. RP LIPSETT, M (reprint author), CALIF OFF ENVIRONM HLTH HAZARD ASSESSMENT,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94704, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 434 EP 438 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.434 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800017 PM 8129061 ER PT J AU DAVIS, H GERGEN, PJ AF DAVIS, H GERGEN, PJ TI THE WEIGHTS AND HEIGHTS OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS - THE ACCURACY OF SELF-REPORTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID RELATIVE WEIGHT; BODY-WEIGHT; VALIDITY; RELIABILITY AB The accuracy of Mexican-American adolescents' self-reported weights, heights, and body mass indexes was evaluated with data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. On average, adolescents with low measured body mass indexes and high measured body mass indexes overestimated and underestimated their weights, respectively. Categories of low and high body mass indexes created by applying cutoffs to reported boyd mass indexes had low sensitivites. For weight, height, and body mass indexes, measured and reported values were highly correlated. This high correlation suggests that adolescents' reported values can be used as continuous variables in a multivariate analyses with only small errors resulting in the coefficients for weight, height, and body mass index. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 22 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 459 EP 462 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.459 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800022 PM 8129066 ER PT J AU KENNEDY, R VEAZIE, M CONWAY, G AMANDUS, H AF KENNEDY, R VEAZIE, M CONWAY, G AMANDUS, H TI FISHING DEATHS IN ALASKA VARY BY FISHERY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP KENNEDY, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,3601 C ST,SUITE 250,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 496 EP 496 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.496 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800035 PM 8129076 ER PT J AU SCHNITZER, PG RUSSELL, JC AF SCHNITZER, PG RUSSELL, JC TI OCCUPATIONAL INJURY DEATHS IN NORWAY FISHING INDUSTRY - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHNITZER, PG (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CB 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 84 IS 3 BP 497 EP 498 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.3.497 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NM618 UT WOS:A1994NM61800037 ER PT J AU BURKOT, TR PATRICAN, L PIESMAN, J AF BURKOT, TR PATRICAN, L PIESMAN, J TI FIELD TRIAL OF AN OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN-A (OSPA) ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY (ELISA) TO DETECT BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI IN IXODES-SCAPULARIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LYME-DISEASE; BABESIA-MICROTI; DAMMINI; TICK; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION AB Field-collected adult male Ixodes scapularis from Westchester County, New York were bisected and Borrelia burgdorferi infection rates were ascertained by both a direct fluorescent antibody test and an outer surface protein A (OspA) antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both assays gave identical antigen positivity rates with 89% concordance between the two assays. Storing dried ticks before ELISA analysis had no significant effect on the ability of the ELISA to determine the presence of OspA compared with assaying live ticks. The OspA antigen positivity rate for dried ticks was 49% compared with 53% for live ticks, with mean OspA antigen spirochete equivalents of 3,388 and 2,823 for dried and live ticks, respectively. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP BURKOT, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 354 EP 358 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NE918 UT WOS:A1994NE91800010 PM 8147494 ER PT J AU MCCAIG, LF JANOWSKI, HT GUNN, RA TSAI, TF AF MCCAIG, LF JANOWSKI, HT GUNN, RA TSAI, TF TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF A ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS OUTBREAK IN FORT-WALTON BEACH, FLORIDA IN 1980 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB From July 10 through August 4, 1980, five cases of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) occurred in and near Fort Walton Beach on the Gulf Coast of northwest Florida. These were the first cases of SLE ever reported from the Florida panhandle. To determine the extent of SLE infection in the community, sera (n = 968) were collected from patients at the local hospital and county public health unit and tested for SLE virus antibody. The SLE attack rate was highest in a centrally located impoverished census tract. There was a trend toward decreasing seroprevalence with distance from the central area of the city. Overall, seroprevalence was higher in males (prevalence ratio = 2.7) and in all areas, seroprevalence increased with age. The serosurvey results suggest that SLE has been endemic in the Fort Walton Beach area. C1 STATE FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP MCCAIG, LF (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH CARE STAT,AMBULATORY CARE STAT BRANCH,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 952,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 50 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NE918 UT WOS:A1994NE91800015 PM 8147497 ER PT J AU UNGS, TJ AF UNGS, TJ TI POPULATION-BASED DESCRIPTION AT AIR AND SPACE TRANSPORT ACCIDENT MORTALITY, UNITED-STATES, 1979-89 SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The aeromedical literature typically uses fatal accident rates (fatal accidents/100,000 aircraft flight hours) as a measure of aviation-related mortality. Calculation of population-based mortality rates (deaths/1,000,000 population) would permit comparison of aviation-related rates with rates due to other causes of death such as heart disease or motor vehicle accidents. Population-based mortality rates for air and space transport accidents were generated for the years 1979-89 using national Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data sources. The NCHS reported 15,017 air and space transport deaths for an Ii-year mean mortality rate of 5.8 deaths/1,000,000 U.S. general population. The mortality rate decreased 41% from 7.8 deaths/1,000,000 in 1979 to 4.6 deaths/1,000,000 during 1989. Highest race/sex mortality rates occurred in white males and the lowest in black females. The highest state-specific mortality rates were clustered in mountainous states of the western United Slates. There was a 4O-fold difference between the state with the highest mortality rate (Alaska) and the state with the lowest rate (Massachusetts). A better understanding of factors which contribute to the geographical distribution of mortality needs to be studied. C1 NIOSH,DIV SAFETY RES,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 65 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA MZ304 UT WOS:A1994MZ30400010 PM 8185554 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST AF BUTERA, ST TI INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CYTOKINES AND THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO BAILLIERES CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; T-CELL CLONE; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD MONOCYTES; FACTOR RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; FACTOR TNF RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; FACTOR-ALPHA; HIV-INFECTION RP BUTERA, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,NE MAILSTOP G-19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BAILLIERE TINDALL PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1071-6564 J9 BAILLIERE CLIN INF D JI Baillieres Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 1 IS 1 BP 109 EP 125 PG 17 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA QA991 UT WOS:A1994QA99100009 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, GD HABER, M AF WILLIAMSON, GD HABER, M TI MODELS FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL CONTINGENCY-TABLES WITH COMPLETELY AND PARTIALLY CROSS-CLASSIFIED DATA SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE LOG-LINEAR MODELS; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; MISSING DATA ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION; INCOMPLETE-DATA AB We develop models for three-dimensional contingency tables containing both completely and partially cross-classified data for which one of the variables is regarded as dependent and the other two variables are regarded as independent variables. Parameters of interest include the cell probabilities and the probabilities that the observations on one or both independent variables are missing. The models allow inferences on these two sets of probabilities to be made independently. Maximum likelihood methods for estimating and testing hypotheses regarding these parameters are described, along with conditional goodness-of-fit test statistics, which display a convenient additivity property. The methodology is applied to cervical cancer data from a case-control study performed in Atlanta, Georgia, 1985-1988. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP WILLIAMSON, GD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MS C08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 194 EP 203 DI 10.2307/2533209 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA NH265 UT WOS:A1994NH26500018 PM 8086602 ER PT J AU BAILER, AJ SMITH, RJ AF BAILER, AJ SMITH, RJ TI MODEL-BASED TIME EXTRAPOLATION FOR QUANTAL RESPONSE STUDIES SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Note DE CARCINOGENICITY; RISK ASSESSMENT ID CARCINOGENIC POTENCY; MORTALITY; TESTS AB It is often desired to compare chemicals with respect to toxicity for purposes of priority setting in regulation. Long-term carcinogenicity studies are frequently used as the basic data for such exercises. When the results of these studies for different chemicals are compared, many confounders potentially arise. One confounder is that these studies may have been conducted for different study lengths. In this case, converting the results of these studies to a common ''standard'' time length would be of interest. We propose an adjustment to modify the results of a study with a particular study length to a standard time length. This adjustment is based on a simple stochastic model for carcinogenicity studies. We illustrate the application of this adjustment with an example of a chemical that has been studied by the National Toxicology Program. C1 NIOSH,DIV STANDARDS DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAM,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP BAILER, AJ (reprint author), MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 1994 VL 50 IS 1 BP 220 EP 225 DI 10.2307/2533212 PG 6 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA NH265 UT WOS:A1994NH26500021 PM 8086605 ER PT J AU ENWONWU, CO ILUPEJU, F WARREN, RC AF ENWONWU, CO ILUPEJU, F WARREN, RC TI ARGININE METABOLISM IN THE SALIVARY-GLANDS OF PROTEIN-DEFICIENT RATS AND ITS POTENTIAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE ORAL MICROFLORA SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AMINO ACIDS; FREE ARGININE; ORAL MICROFLORA; PROTEIN MALNUTRITION; SALIVA; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND ID BACTERIUM STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; DENTAL-CARIES; CHRONIC MALNUTRITION; CHILDREN; ARGINASE; PLAQUE; DIET; STIMULATION; NUTRITION; SEDIMENT AB Salivary glands and their secretions play key roles in the prevention of dental diseases. The antibacterial and physicochemical properties of saliva are compromised in chronic malnutrition. The present study has examined the possibility that some malnutrition-induced changes in salivary gland function are potentially capable of promoting growth and metabolic activities of pathogenic oral microorganisms. Compared to well-fed controls, rats fed a 3% protein diet for 18 days showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the submandibular gland arginase (L-arginine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1) activity. Associated with the latter finding was a marked increase (+85%) in the glandular level of free arginine, this basic amino acid accounting for 12.2% of the total essential amino acids as compared with a figure of only 3.6% for the controls. The total free amino acid pool in whole saliva was relatively unaffected by malnutrition, but the levels of the basic amino acids arginine and histidine were marginally increased. Many oral bacterial species, some of which are dominant plaque microorganisms, utilize the arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.6) pathway. Thus, increased availability of free arginine from salivary glands offers a plausible explanation for the frequently reported observation of differential overgrowth of several potentially pathogenic microorganisms including some mutans streptococci in protein-deficient laboratory animals and may well apply to similar findings in malnourished populations in Third World countries. C1 MEHARRY MED COLL,CTR NUTR,NASHVILLE,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ENWONWU, CO (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,SCH DENT,DEPT BIOCHEM,HAYDEN HARRIS HALL,4G-17,666 W BALTIMORE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA MY064 UT WOS:A1994MY06400005 PM 8156569 ER PT J AU GOLDSCHMID, MG BARRETTCONNOR, E EDELSTEIN, SL WINGARD, DL COHN, BA HERMAN, WH AF GOLDSCHMID, MG BARRETTCONNOR, E EDELSTEIN, SL WINGARD, DL COHN, BA HERMAN, WH TI DYSLIPIDEMIA AND ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY AMONG MEN AND WOMEN WITH DIABETES SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE ISCHEMIA; MORTALITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; LIPOPROTEINS ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; DEPENDENT DIABETICS; RISK-FACTORS; FRAMINGHAM; CHOLESTEROL; POPULATION; MELLITUS; SEX AB Background We investigated whether the greater increased risk of ischemic heart disease mortality associated with diabetes among women compared with men could be explained by their more pronounced lipoprotein abnormalities. Methods and Results Seventy-six men and 45 women with diabetes and 327 men and 496 women without diabetes were followed for an average of 16 years in a population-based study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relative hazard of ischemic heart disease mortality for changes in lipoprotein subfractions after adjustment for age, hypertension, obesity, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, and estrogen use (among women). The relative hazard of ischemic heart disease mortality among diabetic women was 1.76 (P=.10) for a 10-mg/dL decrement in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and 3.13 (P=.01) for a 1-U increment in log, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). The risk of ischemic heart disease mortality among diabetic women relative to nondiabetic women for an HDL-C level of 50 mg/dL and a log, VLDL-C of 3 (about 20 mg/dL) were 4.1 and 3.4, respectively (P<.05). These lipoprotein changes were not associated with ischemic heart disease mortality among men or among nondiabetic women. Conclusions Excess ischemic heart disease mortality among diabetic women is partially explained by deleterious levels of HDL-C and VLDL-C. HDL-C levels of less than or equal to 50 mg/dL and VLDL-C levels of greater than or equal to 20 mg/dL appear to predict ischemic heart disease mortality among these women and may help identify women who would benefit most from intervention. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT FAMILY & PREVENT MED,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COMBINED CTR RES WOMENS & CHILDRENS HLTH,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,EPIDEMIOL & STAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-08387]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-31801] NR 36 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR PY 1994 VL 89 IS 3 BP 991 EP 997 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA NA762 UT WOS:A1994NA76200009 PM 8124839 ER PT J AU HUGHES, MK DIAZ, HF AF HUGHES, MK DIAZ, HF TI WAS THERE A MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD, AND IF SO, WHERE AND WHEN SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SUMMER TEMPERATURE PATTERNS; TREE-RING DENSITY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; CLIMATIC CHANGES; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; RECONSTRUCTION; RECORD; EASTERN; AMERICA AB It has frequently been suggested that the period encompassing the ninth to the fourteenth centuries A.D. experienced a climate warmer than that prevailing around the turn of the twentieth century. This epoch has become known as the Medieval Warm Period, since it coincides with the Middle Ages in Europe. In this review a number of lines of evidence are considered, (including climate-sensitive tree rings, documentary sources, and montane glaciers) in order to evaluate whether it is reasonable to conclude that climate in medieval times was, indeed, warmer than the climate of more recent times. Our review indicates that for some areas of the globe (for example, Scandinavia, China, the Sierra Nevada in California, the Canadian Rockies and Tasmania), temperatures, particularly in summer, appear to have been higher during some parts of this period than those that were to prevail until the most recent decades of the twentieth century. These warmer regional episodes were not strongly synchronous. Evidence from other regions (for example, the Southeast United States, southern Europe along the Mediterranean, and parts of South America) indicates that the climate during that time was little different to that of later times, or that warming, if it occurred, was recorded at a later time than has been assumed. Taken together, the available evidence does not support a global Medieval Warm Period, although more support for such a phenomenon could be drawn from high-elevation records than from low-elevation records. The available data exhibit significant decadal to century scale variability throughout the last millennium. A comparison of 30-year averages for various climate indices places recent decades in a longer term perspective. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. NOAA,ERL,CDC,BOULDER,CO 80303. RP HUGHES, MK (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,TREE RING RES LAB,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI Hughes, Malcolm/F-3350-2014 OI Hughes, Malcolm/0000-0003-1062-3167 NR 88 TC 326 Z9 355 U1 2 U2 50 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 142 DI 10.1007/BF01092410 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NP890 UT WOS:A1994NP89000001 ER PT J AU DIAZ, HF PULWARTY, RS AF DIAZ, HF PULWARTY, RS TI AN ANALYSIS OF THE TIME SCALES OF VARIABILITY IN CENTURIES-LONG ENSO-SENSITIVE RECORDS IN THE LAST 1000 YEARS SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS; GLOBAL TEMPERATURE; SERIES AB We document the characteristic time scales of variability for seven climate indices whose time-dependent behavior is sensitive to some aspect of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO sensitivity arises from the location of these long-term records on the periphery of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Three of the indices are derived principally from historical sources, three others consist of tree-ring reconstructions (one of summer temperature, and the other two of winter rainfall), and one is an annual record of oxygen isotopic composition for a high-elevation glacier in Peru. Five of the seven indices sample at least portions of the Medieval Warm Period (approximately A.D. 950 to 1250). Time series spectral analysis was used to identify the major time scales of variability among the different indices. We focus on two principal time scales: a high frequency band (approximately 2-10 yr), which comprises most of the variability found in the modem record of ENSO activity, and a low frequency band to highlight variations on decadal to century time scales (11 < P < 150 yr). This last spectral band contains variability on time scales that are of general interest with respect to possible changes in large-scale air-sea exchanges. A technique called evolutive spectral analysis (ESA) is used to ascertain how stable each spectral peak is in time. Coherence and phase spectra are also calculated among the different indices over each full common period, and following a 91-yr window through time to examine whether the relationships change. In general, spectral power on time scales of approximately 2-6 yr is statistically significant and persists throughout most of the time intervals sampled by the different indices. Assuming that the ENSO phenomenon is the source of much of the variability at these time scales, this indicates that ENSO has been an important part of interannual climatic variations over broad areas of the circum-Pacific region throughout the last millennium. Significant coherence values were found for El Nino and reconstructed Sierra Nevada winter precipitation at approximately 2-4 yr throughout much of their common record (late 1500s to present) and between 6 and 7 yr from the mid-18th to the early 20th century. At decadal time scales each record generally tends to exhibit significant spectral power over different periods at different times. Both the Quelccaya Ice Cap deltaO-18 series and the Quinn El Nino event record exhibit significant spectral power over frequencies approximately 35 to 45 yr; however, there is low coherence between these two series at those frequencies over their common record. The Sierra Nevada winter rainfall reconstruction exhibits consistently strong variability at periods of approximately 30-60 yr. C1 UNIV COLORADO,COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,BOULDER,CO 80309. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT GEOG,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP DIAZ, HF (reprint author), NOAA,ERL,CDC,325 BROADWAY,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 49 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 1994 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 317 EP 342 DI 10.1007/BF01092422 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NP890 UT WOS:A1994NP89000013 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB TI DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO TRANSACTIVATOR PROTEIN (P40(TAXI)) OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I BY A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE-BASED ASSAY SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTI-TAX ANTIBODY; HTLV-I; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CHILD TRANSMISSION; LEUKEMIA; DISEASES; MYELOPATHY; INFECTION; EPITOPES; CARRIERS AB Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) cans-activator protein (p40(taxI)) were determined in serum specimens from individuals infected with HTLV-I (n = 138) and HTLV-II (n = 19). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis using recombinant tax demonstrated the presence of anti-tax antibodies in 96% of patients (25 of 26) with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, 43% of those (20 of 46) with adult T-cell leukemia, and 61% of asymptomatic HTLV-I blood donors (40 of 66); only one of the HTLV-II specimens reacted with the recombinant tar protein. synthetic peptides (Tax8(106-125), Tax22(316-335), Tax-23(331-3)50, and Tax-24(336-353)) representing the immunodominant epitopes of p40(taxI) detected anti-tax antibodies in 66 (48%), 50 (36%), 66 (48%), and 64 (46%) of 138 HTLV-I-positive specimens, respectively. An enzyme immunoassay using an equimolar ratio of these four peptides allowed sensitive detection of anti-tax antibodies in 96% of patients (25 of 26) with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy,, 52% of adult T-cell leukemia patients (24 of 46), and 62% of asymptomatic HTLV-I-infected donors (41 of 66). The synthetic peptide-based cocktail assay aas HTLV-I specific, since none of the HTLV-II-infected specimens reacted with these peptides. Interestingly, the corresponding regions from the HTLV-II tax protein, Tax8II(106-125), and Tax-22II(312-331) did not react with either HTLV-II or HTLV-I specimens. Thus, a synthetic peptide-based assay composed of immunodominant epitopes located towards the amino terminus and at the C terminus of p40(taxI) provides a reliable and sensitive assay for the detection of anti-tax antibodies in seroepidemiologic studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 1 IS 2 BP 176 EP 181 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA PT562 UT WOS:A1994PT56200010 PM 7496941 ER PT J AU SOWELL, AL HUFF, DL YEAGER, PR CAUDILL, SP GUNTER, EW AF SOWELL, AL HUFF, DL YEAGER, PR CAUDILL, SP GUNTER, EW TI RETINOL, ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, LUTEIN ZEAXANTHIN, BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN, LYCOPENE, ALPHA-CAROTENE, TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE, AND 4 RETINYL ESTERS IN SERUM DETERMINED SIMULTANEOUSLY BY REVERSED-PHASE HPLC WITH MULTIWAVELENGTH DETECTION SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE NUTRITIONAL STATUS; VITAMIN-A; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOIDS ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-A; PLASMA RETINOL; 5 CAROTENOIDS; SEPARATION; SAMPLES; ACETATE; ASSAY AB We describe the use of HPLC with multiwavelength detection to measure retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, beta-carotene, and the linoleate, oleate, palmitate, and stearate esters of retinol in a single 200-muL serum sample. The method is sensitive enough to detect individual retinyl esters in fasting serum from a nonhyperlipidemic population and requires only 12 min for each sample. Serum concentration ranges and means are reported for retinol, alpha-tocopherol, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and the sum of the retinyl esters from serum analyses of 3480 participants from several different studies. RP SOWELL, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 21 TC 222 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 40 IS 3 BP 411 EP 416 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NC389 UT WOS:A1994NC38900014 PM 8131277 ER PT J AU ARANA, BA NAVIN, TR ARANA, FE BERMAN, JD ROSENKAIMER, F AF ARANA, BA NAVIN, TR ARANA, FE BERMAN, JD ROSENKAIMER, F TI EFFICACY OF A SHORT-COURSE (10 DAYS) OF HIGH-DOSE MEGLUMINE ANTIMONATE WITH OR WITHOUT INTERFERON-GAMMA IN TREATING CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN GUATEMALA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE PENTOSTAM; CONTROLLED CLINICAL-TRIAL; KETOCONAZOLE AB Sixty-six Guatemalan men with parasitologically confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis, due most commonly to Leishmania braziliensis, were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatment regimens: meglumine antimonate (meglumine) for 20 days; meglumine for 10 days; and meglumine for 10 days plus alternate-day injections of interferon-gamma. In each group, meglumine was given intravenously as 20 mg of antimony/(kg of body weight.d). All treatment regimens were associated with similar response rates: the lesions of 19 (90%) of 21 patients who received meglumine for 20 days, 18 (90%) of 20 patients who received meglumine for 10 days, and all 22 patients who received meglumine plus interferon-gamma were completely reepithelialized by 13 weeks. In addition, for patients receiving all treatment regimens, test-of-cure cultures for Leishmania were negative and reactivation of lesions did not occur during 12 months of followup. The high efficacy of our 10-day course of meglumine indicates that the currently recommended duration of 20 days may be unnecessary for infections caused by L. braziliensis and suggests that a 10-day course of high-dose antimony should be tested as therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis in other geographic areas. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30033. MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,WASHINGTON,DC. BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM KG,W-6507 INGELHEIM,GERMANY. NR 9 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000018 PM 8011819 ER PT J AU JERNIGAN, DB SANDERS, LI WAITES, KB BROOKINGS, ES BENSON, RF PAPPAS, PG AF JERNIGAN, DB SANDERS, LI WAITES, KB BROOKINGS, ES BENSON, RF PAPPAS, PG TI PULMONARY INFECTION DUE TO LEGIONELLA-CINCINNATIENSIS IN RENAL-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS - 2 CASES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; CYCLOSPORINE; PNEUMOPHILA; PNEUMONIA; UNIT AB We report two cases of pneumonia caused by Legionella cincinnatiensis, a species previously identified as a pathogen in only one other instance. Both infections occurred in renal transplant recipients who were receiving only moderate doses of immunosuppressive drugs several years after transplantation; both patients had no recent episodes of rejection. Their clinical courses varied from mild symptoms to multisystem organ failure and death. Species identification by direct fluorescent antibody testing was misleading; initial results revealed infection due to Legionella longbeachae for one patient and infection due to Legionella dumoffii for the other patient. Slide agglutination testing eventually identified both isolates as L. cincinnatiensis. Infection with Legionella species, including L. cincinnatiensis, should be considered not only in the first months after transplantation but also later in the posttransplantation period as either a nosocomial or community-acquired infection. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,LEGIONELLA & EPIDEM INVEST LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 385 EP 389 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000019 PM 8011820 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI PURPOSE OF QUALITY STANDARDS FOR INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ. ALTA BATES MED CTR,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. HARTFORD HOSP,HARTFORD,CT 06115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MAGEE WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP GROSS, PA (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,30 PROSPECT AVE,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 2 TC 142 Z9 147 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 421 EP 421 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000025 PM 8011826 ER PT J AU DELLINGER, EP GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF DELLINGER, EP GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGICAL-PROCEDURES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTI-MICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; WOUND INFECTIONS; BREAST SURGERY; SKIN SURGERY; CEFAZOLIN; RISK; HERNIORRHAPHY; COLON; HYSTERECTOMY C1 HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ. ALTA BATES MED CTR,BERKELEY,CA. HARTFORD HOSP,HARTFORD,CT 06115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MAGEE WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP DELLINGER, EP (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DEPT SURG,RF-25,1959 NE PACIFIC ST,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 49 TC 199 Z9 209 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 422 EP 427 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000026 PM 8011827 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACTEREMIA SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES; GUIDELINES; MISUSE C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ. ALTA BATES MED CTR,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. HARTFORD HOSP,HARTFORD,CT 06115. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MAGEE WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP GROSS, PA (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,30 PROSPECT AVE,HACKENSACK,NJ 07601, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 19 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 428 EP 430 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000027 PM 8011828 ER PT J AU KRAUSE, PJ GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF KRAUSE, PJ GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR ASSURANCE OF MEASLES IMMUNITY AMONG HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MUMPS-RUBELLA; EGG HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIC; VACCINE; INFECTION C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,SCH MED,FARMINGTON,CT 06032. HACKENSACK MED CTR,HACKENSACK,NJ 07604. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEWARK,NJ. ALTA BATES MED CTR,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30341. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MAGEE WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,PITTSBURGH,PA. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP KRAUSE, PJ (reprint author), HARTFORD HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,HARTFORD,CT 06115, USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 431 EP 436 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000028 PM 8011829 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RJ BROWN, BA BROWN, JM MCNEIL, M AF WALLACE, RJ BROWN, BA BROWN, JM MCNEIL, M TI TAXONOMY OF NOCARDIA SPECIES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ASTEROIDES; NOVA; STRAINS C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL & MYCOBACTERIA,NOCARDIA LAB,TYLER,TX 75710. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 18 IS 3 BP 476 EP 476 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NB320 UT WOS:A1994NB32000045 PM 8011842 ER PT J AU MERQUIOR, VLC PERALTA, JM FACKLAM, RR TEIXEIRA, LM AF MERQUIOR, VLC PERALTA, JM FACKLAM, RR TEIXEIRA, LM TI ANALYSIS OF ELECTROPHORETIC WHOLE-CELL PROTEIN PROFILES AS A TOOL FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPECIES SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECIUM; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMB-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; PATTERNS; PATHOGEN; HUMANS; FISH AB The whole-cell protein-profiling technique was evaluated for identifying Enterococcus species. Reference strains, strains from human infections, from animals other than human, and from environmental sources were studied. Whole-cell extracts were obtained by lysozyme treatment and were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and densitometry. Each Enterococcus species had a unique and distinguishable whole-cell protein profile. The major differences among species-specific profiles were found in the positions corresponding to 60-40 and 30-20 kDa. Profiles of the same species did not show qualitative variations. Analysis of whole-cell protein profiles was shown to be a relatively simple, easy, and reproducible procedure for the reliable and fast differentiation and identification of the enterococcal species. C1 UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,BR-21941 RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RI Merquior, Vania/D-6399-2013 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 28 IS 3 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1007/BF01571056 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MY128 UT WOS:A1994MY12800004 ER PT J AU BERN, C AF BERN, C TI THE USE OF RETROSPECTIVE DIET ASSESSMENT IN A FIELD INVESTIGATION OF EPIDEMIC NEUROPATHY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST SALUD PUBL,HAVANA,CUBA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A441 EP A441 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19602553 ER PT J AU EKSI, S WASSOM, D POWELL, M AF EKSI, S WASSOM, D POWELL, M TI KINETICS OF IL-2,4,5 AND GAMMA-IFN PRODUCTION DURING ACUTE TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION IN RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF MICE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A250 EP A250 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19601447 ER PT J AU JASON, J MURPHY, J SLEEPER, LA DONFIELD, SM WARRIER, I ARKIN, S EVATT, B GOMPERTS, ED AF JASON, J MURPHY, J SLEEPER, LA DONFIELD, SM WARRIER, I ARKIN, S EVATT, B GOMPERTS, ED TI DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF HIV-INFECTION ON T-HELPER(1) AND T-HELPER(2) LYMPHOCYTES OF HOMOPHILIC CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. EMORY UNIV, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. NERI, WATERTOWN, MA 02172 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP MI, DETROIT, MI 48201 USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. CHLA, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A494 EP A494 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19602858 ER PT J AU SMITH, JC MAKDANI, D SOWELL, AL NELSON, JD APGAR, J GUNTER, EW RAO, D AF SMITH, JC MAKDANI, D SOWELL, AL NELSON, JD APGAR, J GUNTER, EW RAO, D TI COMPARISON OF INDEXES FOR ASSESSING VITAMIN-A STATUS IN CHILDREN SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST PAUL RAMSEY MED CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55101. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A443 EP A443 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19602563 ER PT J AU SOWELL, A AF SOWELL, A TI NUTRITIONAL-STATUS IN THE CUBA OPTIC NEUROPATHY STUDY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST SALUD PUBL,HAVANA,CUBA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A441 EP A441 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19602550 ER PT J AU YIP, R PELLETIER, DL AF YIP, R PELLETIER, DL TI WHY DOES MUAC PERFORM BETTER THAN OTHER ANTHROPOMETRIC INDEXES IN PREDICTING CHILDHOOD MORTALITY - A CASE OF AGE CONFOUNDING SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CORNELL UNIV,FOOD & NUTR POLICY PROGRAM,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 4 BP A155 EP A155 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA ND196 UT WOS:A1994ND19600900 ER PT J AU MCLEROY, KR KEGLER, M STECKLER, A BURDINE, JM WISOTZKY, M AF MCLEROY, KR KEGLER, M STECKLER, A BURDINE, JM WISOTZKY, M TI COMMUNITY COALITIONS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION - SUMMARY AND FURTHER REFLECTIONS SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC,GREENSBORO,NC 27412. CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOK & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALLENTOWN HOSP,ALLENTOWN,PA. RP MCLEROY, KR (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PUBL HLTH EDUC,GREENSBORO,NC 27412, USA. RI Burdine, James/C-9011-2015 OI Burdine, James/0000-0002-9164-7402 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1093/her/9.1.1 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NA277 UT WOS:A1994NA27700001 PM 10146731 ER PT J AU WARNER, KE HALPERN, MT GIOVINO, GA AF WARNER, KE HALPERN, MT GIOVINO, GA TI DIFFERENCES BY EDUCATION IN SMOKER NONSMOKER BELIEFS ABOUT THE DANGERS OF SMOKING SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Surveys consistently demonstrate that smokers are less likely than non-smokers to acknowledge the health hazards of cigarette smoking. Similarly, compared with high education individuals, persons with lower educational attainment are less likely to acknowledge smoking's dangers. We find, however, that as education level rises, smokers' acceptance of the dangers of smoking rises significantly less than does the acceptance by non-smokers. Thus, relative to non-smokers with the same educational attainment, high-education smokers are less likely to acknowledge the hazards of smoking than are smokers with tower levels of education. C1 MEDTAP RES CTR,BATELLE,901-D ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOK & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WARNER, KE (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT PUBL HLTH POLICY & ADM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1093/her/9.1.139 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NA277 UT WOS:A1994NA27700013 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LA DEVELLIS, RF SHARPE, PA MARCOUX, B AF ANDERSON, LA DEVELLIS, RF SHARPE, PA MARCOUX, B TI MULTIDIMENSIONAL HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL SCALES - DO THEY MEASURE EXPECTANCIES ABOUT CONTROL OR DESIRES FOR CONTROL SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scales are widely used to characterize a person's beliefs about control over health outcomes. Past research has raised concern about the possible confounding of desires for control with expectancies about control as measured in the MHLC scales. We examined whether the original MHLC scales were more highly correlated with measures of expectancies about control or desires for control. We then examined whether the psychometric properties of the MHLC scales could be improved by using response options with expectancy anchors rather than agree-disagree anchors. A sample of 237 respondents was constructed from a larger study on health promotion. The 237 cases were randomly assigned to one of two subsamples: a primary subsample of 144 cases and a cross-validation subsample of 93 cases. Analyses were conducted on the primary subsample and then replicated independently on the cross-validation subsample. The findings from both subsamples provided evidence for the validity of the original MHLC scales as a measure of expectancies about control. We also found that an expectancy version of the MHLC scales demonstrated higher internal consistency than the original MHLC scales. Future research directions and practical suggestions for using the original MHLC scales are presented. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH BEHAV & HLTH EDUC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH PROMOT & EDUC,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. HENRY FORD COMMUNITY COLL,DEPT ALLIED HLTH,DEABORN HEIGHTS,MI 48127. RP ANDERSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 9 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1093/her/9.1.145 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NA277 UT WOS:A1994NA27700014 ER PT J AU MINK, CM OBRIEN, CH WASSILAK, S DEFOREST, A MEADE, BD AF MINK, CM OBRIEN, CH WASSILAK, S DEFOREST, A MEADE, BD TI ISOTYPE AND ANTIGEN-SPECIFICITY OF PERTUSSIS AGGLUTININS FOLLOWING WHOLE-CELL PERTUSSIS VACCINATION AND INFECTION WITH BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; PROTEIN AB Elevated agglutinin titers have been shown to correlate with protection from disease following whole-cell pertussis vaccination, but the isotype and antigen specificity of human agglutinating antibodies is unknown. In 13 immunoassays, immunoglobulin G antifimbria antibodies had the strangest correlation with agglutinin titers following culture-proven infection with Bordetella pertussis (R' = 0.79; P < 0.0001) and following whole-cell pertussis vaccination (R' = 0.87, P < 0.0001). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. TEMPLE UNIV,ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,PERTUSSIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 62 IS 3 BP 1118 EP 1120 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MX798 UT WOS:A1994MX79800050 PM 7509316 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY STANDARDS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. ALTA BATES MED CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, MED CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. HARTFORD HOSP, HARTFORD, CT 06115 USA. EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. MAGEE WOMENS HOSP, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, SCH MED, PITTSBURGH, PA 15261 USA. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. RP GROSS, PA (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, 30 PROSPECT AVE, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 180 EP 181 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NA632 UT WOS:A1994NA63200009 PM 8207175 ER PT J AU DELLINGER, EP GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF DELLINGER, EP GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS IN SURGICAL-PROCEDURES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; WOUND INFECTIONS; SKIN SURGERY; CEFAZOLIN; RISK; COLON; HYSTERECTOMY; MOXALACTAM; CEFOXITIN; BYPASS AB OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this quality standard are 1) to provide an implementation mechanism that will facilitate the reliable administration of prophylactic antimicrobial agents to patients undergoing operative procedures in which such a practice is judged to be beneficial and 2) to provide a guideline that will help local hospital committees formulate policies and set up mechanisms for their implementation. Although standards in the medical literature spell out recommendations for specific procedures, agents, schedules, and doses, other reports document that these standards frequently are not followed in practice. OPTIONS: We have specified the procedures in which the administration of prophylactic antimicrobial agents has been shown to be beneficial, those in which this practice is widely thought to be beneficial but in which compelling evidence is lacking, and those in which this practice is controversial. We have examined the evidence regarding the optimal timing of drug administration, the optimal dose, and the optimal duration of prophylaxis. OUTCOMES: The intended outcome is more uniform and reliable administration of prophylactic antibiotics in those circumstances where their value has been demonstrated or their use has been judged by the local practicing medical community to be desirable. The result should be a reduction in rates of postoperative wound infection with a limitation on the quantities of antimicrobial agents used in circumstances where they are not likely to help. EVIDENCE: Many prospective, randomized, controlled trails comparing placebo with antibiotic and comparing one antibiotic with another have been conducted. In addition, some trials have compared the efficacy of different doses or methods of administration. Other papers have reported on the apparent efficacy of administration at different times and on actual practice in specific communities. Only a small group of relevant articles found through 1993 are cited herein. When authoritative reviews are available, these rather than an exhaustive list of original references are cited. VALUES: We assumed that reducing rates of postoperative infection was valuable but that reducing the total amount of antimicrobial agents employed was also worthwhile. The cost of and morbidity attributable to postoperative wound infections should be weighed against the cost and potential morbidity associated with excessive use of antimicrobial agents. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: More reliable administration of antimicrobial agents according to recognized guidelines should prevent some postoperative wound infections while lowering the total quantity of these drugs used. No harms are anticipated. The costs involved are those of the efforts needed on a local basis to design and implement the mechanism that supports uniform and reliable administration of prophylactic antibiotics. RECOMMENDATIONS: All patients for whom prophylactic antimicrobial agents are recommended should receive them. The agents given should be appropriate in light of published guidelines. A short duration of prophylaxis (usually < 24 hours) is recommended. VALIDATION: More than 50 experts in infectious disease and 10 experts in surgical infectious disease and surgical subspecialties reviewed the standard. In addition, the methods for its implementation were reviewed by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. SPONSORS. The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the Clinical Affairs Committee of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) developed the standard. The subcommittee was composed of representatives of the IDSA (Drs. Gross and McGowan), the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America (Dr. Wenzel), the Surgical Infection Society (Dr. Dellinger), the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society (Dr. Krause), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Dr. Martone), the Obstetrics and Gynecology Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Sweet), and the Association of Practitioners of Infection Control (Ms. Barrett). Funding was provided by the IDSA and the other cooperating organizations. The standard is endorsed by the IDSA. C1 HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ USA. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. ALTA BATES MED CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. HARTFORD HOSP, HARTFORD, CT 06115 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA USA. EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. MAGEE WOMENS HOSP, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, SCH MED, PITTSBURGH, PA 15261 USA. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. RP DELLINGER, EP (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, MED CTR, DEPT SURG, RF 25, 1959 NE PACIFIC ST, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. NR 49 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 182 EP 188 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NA632 UT WOS:A1994NA63200010 PM 8207176 ER PT J AU GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP KRAUSE, PJ MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACTEREMIA SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE BLOOD CULTURES; GUIDELINES; MISUSE AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this quality standard is to optimize the treatment of bacteremia in hospitalized patients by ensuring that the antibiotic given is appropriate in terms of the blood culture susceptibility of the pathogen. Although this standard may appear to be minimal in scope, it is needed because appropriate antimicrobial treatment is not given in 5% to 17% of cases. To implement the standard, physicians, pharmacists, and microbiologists will need to devise a coordinated strategy. OPTIONS: We considered criteria for appropriate dosing, most cost-effective selection, proper antibiotic levels in serum, least toxicity, narrowest spectrum, specific clinical indications, and optimal duration of treatment. All these criteria were rejected as the basis for the standard because they were too controversial and too difficult to be applied by a nonphysician chart reviewer. In contrast, the selection of an antibiotic to which the pathogen is sensitive is a non-controversial criterion and easy for a chart reviewer to apply. OUTCOMES: The standard is designed to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes of septicemia such as renal failure, prolonged hospitalization, and death. EVIDENCE: Several well-designed clinical trials without randomization as well as case-controlled studies have confirmed the benefit of using an antibiotic that is appropriate in light of the susceptibility of the isolate in blood culture. Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are not available. VALUES: Our premise is that the presence of bacteremia is a risk factor for serious adverse outcomes. We also believe that the administration of antibiotics must always be guided by the susceptibility report for the pathogen(s) obtained from blood cultures. This concern is more critical for pathogens from the blood than for those from most other body sites. We had evidence that susceptibility reports for pathogens from positive blood cultures were not always used properly. We used group discussion to reach a consensus among the members of the Quality Standards Subcommittee. BENEFITS, HARMS, AND COSTS: Through the implementation of this standard, at least 5% of bacteremias could be treated more appropriately. An unknown number of deaths would likely be prevented, and mortality from bacteremia treated inappropriately would probably be reduced. The primary undesirable feature of the standard is an increased workload of pharmacists and microbiologists. RECOMMENDATIONS: Treatment of bacteremia with an antibiotic that is appropriate in terms of the pathogen's blood-culture susceptibility is a minimal standard of care for all patients. VALIDATION. We consulted more than 50 experts in infectious diseases from the fields of medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, nursing, epidemiology, pharmacology, and government. In addition, the methods for its implementation were reviewed by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists and were tested by one of the members of the Quality Standards Subcommittee. SPONSORS: The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the Clinical Affairs Committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed the standard. The subcommittee was composed of representatives of the IDSA (Drs. Gross and McGowan), the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America (Dr. Wenzel), the Surgical Infection Society (Dr. Dellinger), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Krause), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Dr. Martone), the Obstetrics and Gynecology Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Sweet), and the Association of Practitioners of Infection Control (Ms. Barrett). Funding was provided by the IDSA and the other cooperating organizations. This standard is endorsed by the IDSA. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. ALTA BATES MED CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, MED CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. HARTFORD HOSP, HARTFORD, CT 06115 USA. UNIV CONNECTICUT, SCH MED, FARMINGTON, CT 06032 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA USA. EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. MAGEE WOMENS HOSP, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, SCH MED, PITTSBURGH, PA 15261 USA. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. RP GROSS, PA (reprint author), HACKENSACK MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, 30 PROSPECT AVE, HACKENSACK, NJ 07601 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 189 EP 192 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NA632 UT WOS:A1994NA63200011 PM 8207177 ER PT J AU KRAUSE, PJ GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP AF KRAUSE, PJ GROSS, PA BARRETT, TL DELLINGER, EP MARTONE, WJ MCGOWAN, JE SWEET, RL WENZEL, RP TI QUALITY STANDARD FOR ASSURANCE OF MEASLES IMMUNITY AMONG HEALTH-CARE WORKERS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUMPS-RUBELLA; EGG HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIC; VACCINE; INFECTION AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this quality standard is to prevent nosocomial transmission of measles by assuring universal measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination of all health care workers who lack immunity to measles. Although the primary emphasis is on health care workers in hospitals, those at other sites, such as clinics, nursing homes, and schools, are also included. It will be the responsibility of designated individuals at these institutions to implement the standard. OPTIONS: We considered advocating the use of measles vaccine rather than MMR but chose Che latter because it also protects against mumps and rubella and because it is more readily available. OUTCOMES: The desired outcome is a reduction in Che nosocomial transmission of measles. EVIDENCE: Although direct comparative studies are lacking, nosocomial outbreaks of measles have been reported (as recently as 1992) in institutions where measles immunization of nonimmune health care workers is not universal, whereas such outbreaks have not been reported in institutions with universal immunization. VALUES AND VALIDATION: We consulted more than 50 infectious-disease experts in epidemiology, government, medicine, nursing, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and surgery. In light of disagreement regarding the implementation of the standard, we used group discussions to reach a consensus. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: The consequences of the transmission of measles (and of mumps and rubella) in a health care institution include not only the morbidity and mortality attributable to the disease, but also the significant cost of evaluating and containing an outbreak and the serious disruption of regular hospital routines when control measures are instituted. The potential harm to health care workers after the implementation of the standard consists of untoward effects of MMR vaccine, although the reactions of vaccines should be minimal with adherence to recommended vaccination procedures. Implementation of the standard should entail no expense to health care workers; the precise cost to institutions is unknown, but the expense would be mitigated by prevention of measles outbreaks. RECOMMENDATIONS: We recommend MMR vaccination of all health care workers who lack immunity to measles. SPONSORS: The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the Clinical Affairs Committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed the standard. The subcommittee was composed of representatives of the IDSA (Drs. Gross and McGowan), the Society for Hospital Epidemiology of America (Dr. Wenzel), the Surgical Infection Society (Dr. Dellinger), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Krause), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Dr. Martone), the Obstetrics and Gynecology Infectious Diseases Society (Dr. Sweet), and the Association of Practitioners of Infection Control (Ms. Barrett). Funding was provided by the IDSA and the other cooperating organizations. The standard is endorsed by the IDSA. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT, SCH MED, FARMINGTON, CT 06032 USA. HACKENSACK MED CTR, HACKENSACK, NJ USA. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. ALTA BATES MED CTR, BERKELEY, CA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, MED CTR, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA USA. EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. MAGEE WOMENS HOSP, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. UNIV PITTSBURGH, SCH MED, PITTSBURGH, PA 15261 USA. UNIV IOWA HOSP & CLIN, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. RP KRAUSE, PJ (reprint author), HARTFORD HOSP, DEPT PEDIAT, HARTFORD, CT 06115 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA NA632 UT WOS:A1994NA63200012 PM 8207178 ER PT J AU MURILLO, J CASTRO, KG AF MURILLO, J CASTRO, KG TI HIV-INFECTION AND AIDS IN LATIN-AMERICA - EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK; TUBERCULOSIS; HAITI AB This article updates the epidemiologic situation of HIV and AIDS infection and summarizes the most common clinical manifestations in Latin American countries. As of December 1992, a total of 59,723 AIDS cases had been reported to the Fan American Health Organization from Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Latin Caribbean, The number of deaths totaled 24,500, or 41% of the reported cases. HIV transmission patterns and clinical manifestations vary by region. The most common opportunistic illnesses in Latin America and their symptoms, including gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and dermatologic complications are discussed. C1 HOSP VARGAS CARACAS,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. HOSP PRIVADO,CTR MED,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NC120 UT WOS:A1994NC12000003 PM 8021440 ER PT J AU WENGER, JD JACKSON, LA RAJ, P TONELLI, MJ AF WENGER, JD JACKSON, LA RAJ, P TONELLI, MJ TI ISSUES IN THE CONTROL OF OUTBREAKS OF GROUP-C MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; EPIDEMIC C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DEPT MED VIROL,AUSTIN,TX. GRAYSON CTY HLTH DEPT,DENISON,TX. RP WENGER, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 3 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1097/00019048-199403000-00022 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NF111 UT WOS:A1994NF11100018 ER PT J AU FARNHAM, PG GORSKY, RD AF FARNHAM, PG GORSKY, RD TI COSTS TO BUSINESS FOR AN HIV-INFECTED WORKER SO INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; INCUBATION PERIOD; HEALTH PROMOTION; MEDICAL-CARE; AIDS; EPIDEMIC AB We use a Markov model to calculate the expected medical, disability, employee replacement, life insurance, and pension costs to a business firm for an HIV-infected employee. This analysis differs from previous HIV/AIDS cost analyses because we take the perspective of a business firm rather than of society, and we focus on the expected costs over a time frame relevant for business decision making. The maximum expected five-year cost to a business firm for an HIV-infected employee is estimated at $32,000, with an average expected cost of $17,000. These expected employment-based costs are less than the lifetime medical AIDS costs to society for an individual, which are estimated at more than $85,000. Employment-based costs are most influenced by the type of benefits provided under employer-based health insurance plans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT HLTH MANAGEMENT & POLICY,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP FARNHAM, PG (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 676 N ST CLAIR ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0046-9580 J9 INQUIRY-J HEALTH CAR JI Inquiry-J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ. PD SPR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA NG787 UT WOS:A1994NG78700013 PM 8168911 ER PT J AU SEIDMAN, SN MOSHER, WD ARAL, SO AF SEIDMAN, SN MOSHER, WD ARAL, SO TI PREDICTORS OF HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOR IN UNMARRIED AMERICAN WOMEN - ADOLESCENT ENVIRONMENT AS RISK FACTOR SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; STD; HIV; FEMALE; ADOLESCENT ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR; VENEREAL-DISEASES; POPULATION AB Background: Heterosexual intercourse with two or more partners in a short time period represents a high-risk behavior for acquisition and transmission of sexually transmitted pathogens (STDs). Identification of factors that may predict high-risk sexual behavior can help to focus primary prevention strategies on women at risk for future acquisition of infection. Methods: We analyzed survey data obtained in 1988 from a nationally representative sample of 8,450 American women of reproductive age in order to identify such factors. Results: Of all sexually experienced unmarried women, 6.6% reported having had two or more sexual partners in the preceding three months. Earlier age at first sexual intercourse was associated with multiple recent partners, and with lower reports of abstinence. Birth region in the West, lack of attendance at religious services as an adolescent, and having a mother who had her first child before she was 25 years of age were factors associated with multiple recent partners. Among unmarried white women having a mother who worked full time and not living with both parents during adolescence were associated with multiple recent partners; among unmarried black women, the inverse was true (p for racial difference <.05). Multivariate analysis showed western birth region and earlier age at first sexual intercourse to be significant predictors of having multiple recent sex partners. Conclusions: Early environment and race influence later sexual behavior. These factors should be considered in targeting and planning education for STD prevention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,NATL SURVEY FAMILY GROWTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP SEIDMAN, SN (reprint author), COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,DEPT PSYCHIAT,722 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. NR 53 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(94)90539-8 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA NL336 UT WOS:A1994NL33600006 PM 8018685 ER PT J AU KLEINMAN, SH KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF CALABRO, MA THOMSON, R BUSCH, M AF KLEINMAN, SH KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF CALABRO, MA THOMSON, R BUSCH, M TI EVALUATION OF A P21E-SPIKED WESTERN-BLOT (IMMUNOBLOT) IN CONFIRMING HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I OR TYPE-II INFECTION IN VOLUNTEER BLOOD-DONORS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-I/II; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; SEROCONVERSION; COMPONENTS; RECIPIENTS AB Current algorithms for the serologic confirmation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or II (HTLV-I/II) antibody reactivity are complicated. We evaluated the performance of an HTLV/I Western blot (immunoblot) spiked with recombinant p21e protein (p21e WB) as an alternative to current confirmatory methods. These methods include the HTLV-I viral lysate Western blot and either a radioimmunoprecipitation assay or a p21e enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five hundred fifty nine blood donations obtained from five U.S. blood centers and classified as HTLV-I/II seropositive (n = 149) or seroindeterminate (n = 410) by routine testing methods were further evaluated by PCR for proviral DNA and by the p21e WB. On the basis of serologic and PCR testing, 155 donations were classified as HTLV-I/II infected. The sensitivity of the p21e WB was 97.4%, slightly exceeding that of routine confirmatory testing. The specificity of the p21e WB was 97.5%, as determined by testing of 404 seroindeterminate samples that were negative in the PCR. The positive predictive value of the p21e WB was 94%. In contrast, the specificity and positive predictive value of routine confirmatory testing were both 100%. follow-up sampling of presumptive p21e WB false-positive donors substantiated the absence of HTLV-I/II infection. Although the p21e WB used in this study has high sensitivity and may be useful as a confirmatory assay in epidemiologic research studies, it may not be ideal as a confirmatory test for the notification of blood donors. C1 SO CALIF REG AMER RED CROSS, BLOOD SERV, LOS ANGELES, CA 90006 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. SRA TECHNOL INC, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. WESTAT CORP, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP KLEINMAN, SH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR, 10833 LECONTE AVE, ROOM A4-239 CHS, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N0 1 HB 97080] NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 603 EP 607 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MW516 UT WOS:A1994MW51600004 PM 8195365 ER PT J AU MOE, CL GENTSCH, TJ ANDO, T GROHMANN, G MONROE, SS JIANG, X WANG, J ESTES, MK SETO, Y HUMPHREY, C STINE, S GLASS, RI AF MOE, CL GENTSCH, TJ ANDO, T GROHMANN, G MONROE, SS JIANG, X WANG, J ESTES, MK SETO, Y HUMPHREY, C STINE, S GLASS, RI TI APPLICATION OF PCR TO DETECT NORWALK VIRUS IN FECAL SPECIMENS FROM OUTBREAKS OF GASTROENTERITIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; AUSTRALIA; ANTIGEN AB Norwalk virus (NV) and other small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) are frequent causes of gastroenteritis outbreaks. The recent cloning and sequencing of the NV genome has made it possible to detect NV and Norwalk-related viruses from fecal specimens by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. We applied this technique to the examination of a total of 139 fecal specimens from 19 outbreaks characterized by NV serology, including 56 samples from 7 NV outbreaks, 36 from 6 Norwalk-related virus outbreaks, and 47 from 6 outbreaks with SRSVs visualized by electron microscopy that were serologically unrelated to NV. Three primer pairs mere evaluated: two pairs in the polymerase region of NV and one pair near the 3' end of the genome. When one set of primers (primer pair 51-3) from the polymerase region was used, 40% of all samples were positive by RT-PCR and specimens from the NV outbreaks were more likely to be positive (64%) than those from outbreaks associated with Norwalk-related viruses (44%) or SRSVs (8%). To determine the relationship of the outbreak strains to NV, we compared the sequences of a 145-base portion of the polymerase gene from 10 specimens obtained from five different outbreaks characterized as NV by serology. No two outbreak strains had the same sequence in this 145-base portion of the polymerase gene, and the identities of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these products compared crith the sequences of the corresponding region of NV ranged from 62 to 79% and 69 to 90%, respectively. Because of sequence diversity in the polymerase region, the successful application of RT-PCR to investigations of outbreaks of suspected NV-associated gastroenteritis will depend on the use of either multiple primer pairs or primers made against regions of the genome that are more conserved. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,OFF PLANT & DAIRY FOODS & BEVERAGES,DIV MICROANALYT EVALUAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. AUSTRALIAN WATER TECHNOL,WATER BOARD,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. OSAKA INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,OSAKA,OSAKA,JAPAN. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30448] NR 30 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 642 EP 648 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MW516 UT WOS:A1994MW51600011 PM 8195372 ER PT J AU GLICKMAN, SE KILBURN, JO BUTLER, WR RAMOS, LS AF GLICKMAN, SE KILBURN, JO BUTLER, WR RAMOS, LS TI RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOLIC ACID PATTERNS OF MYCOBACTERIA BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY USING PATTERN-RECOGNITION SOFTWARE AND A MYCOBACTERIUM LIBRARY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIUM COMPLEX; RHODOCOCCUS; NOCARDIA; STRAINS AB Current methods for identifying mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) require a visual assessment of the generated chromatographic data, which often involves time-consuming hand calculations and the use of flow charts. Our laboratory has developed a personal computer-based file containing patterns of mycolic acids detected in 45 species of Mycobacterium, including both slowly and rapidly growing species, as well as Tsukamurella paurometabolum and members of the genera Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, and Gordona. The library was designed to be used in conjunction with a commercially available pattern recognition software package, Pirouette (Infometrix, Seattle, Wash.). Pirouette uses the K-nearest neighbor algorithm, a similarity-based classification method, to categorize unknown samples on the basis of their multivariate proximities to samples of a preassigned category. Multivariate proximity is calculated from peak height data, while peak heights are named by retention time matching. The system was tested for accuracy by using 24 species of Mycobacterium. Of the 1,333 strains evaluated, greater than or equal to 97% were correctly identified. Identification of M tuberculosis (n = 649) was 99.85% accurate, and identification of the M. avium complex (n = 211) was greater than or equal to 98% accurate; greater than or equal to 95% of strains of both double-cluster and single-cluster M. gordonae (n = 47) were correctly identified. This system provides a rapid, highly reliable assessment of HPLC-generated chromatographic data for the identification of mycobacteria. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIC BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INFOMETRIX INC,SEATTLE,WA 98121. NR 15 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 740 EP 745 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MW516 UT WOS:A1994MW51600028 PM 8195387 ER PT J AU LI, ZM JANSEN, DL FINN, TM HALPERIN, SA KASINA, A OCONNOR, SP AOYAMA, T MANCLARK, CR BRENNAN, MJ AF LI, ZM JANSEN, DL FINN, TM HALPERIN, SA KASINA, A OCONNOR, SP AOYAMA, T MANCLARK, CR BRENNAN, MJ TI IDENTIFICATION OF BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS INFECTION BY SHARED-PRIMER PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DIAGNOSIS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; SEROLOGY; CLONING; PROBE; GENE AB A shared-primer PCR method for the detection of infection was developed by using primers derived from DNA sequences upstream of the structural genes for the porin proteins of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. This method resulted in a 159-bp PCR product specific for B. pertussis and a 121-bp DNA fragment specific for B. parapertussis and allowed for the simultaneous detection of these pathogens. The PCR procedure was shown to be very specific since no PCR product was obtained from 36 non-Bordetella bacterial DNAs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from children suspected of having pertussis were evaluated by the PCR method, culture, and the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay, which detects pertussis toxin. B. pertussis was cultured from 119 of 205 NPAs assayed, and the presence of pertussis toxin was detected in 69 of the NPAs by the CHO cell assay. When ethidium bromide staining was used to detect PCR products, 100 NPAs gave positive results by shared-primer PCR; 94 of these NPAs were also positive by culture. The result indicated a sensitivity of 79% for PCR when culture was used as the standard. The sensitivity of PCR was increased to 95% when a digoxigenin immunoblot system was used. An additional 20 NPAs from patients with suspected pertussis that were culture negative also gave positive results by PCR. The specific and sensitive PCR method described here should be useful for both the clinical diagnosis of pertussis and case identification in vaccine trials. C1 DALHOUSIE UNIV,HALIFAX B3J 3G9,NS,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KAWASAKI MUNICIPAL HOSP,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA,JAPAN. RP LI, ZM (reprint author), US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,PERTUSSIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 22 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 32 IS 3 BP 783 EP 789 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MW516 UT WOS:A1994MW51600035 PM 8195394 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS JUE, DL WELLS, TW PADHYA, N FIELDS, HA AF KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS JUE, DL WELLS, TW PADHYA, N FIELDS, HA TI COMPARATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIGENIC EPITOPES IN THE IMMUNODOMINANT REGION OF THE PROTEIN ENCODED BY OPEN READING FRAME-3 IN BURMESE AND MEXICAN STRAINS OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; IDENTIFICATION; HEV AB To analyse the effect of strain-specific sequence variation on the antigenic properties of the protein encoded by the open reading frame 3 (ORF 3) of hepatitis E virus (HEV), two sets of short overlapping peptides spanning amino acids 91 to 123 of this protein from Burmese and Mexican strains were synthesized and tested with sera obtained from outbreaks of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in three different regions of the world (Mexico, Turkmenistan and Kenya). The data suggest strain-specific variation in the antigenic reactivity of the ORF 3 protein. The C-terminal region of this protein contains several antigenic epitopes located in the most variable positions. Individual sera were found to interact with different groups of epitopes from each set of peptides. The antigenic epitopes of the Mexican strain appear to be less conformation-dependent than those of the Burmese strain. The most immunoreactive epitope of the ORF 3 protein from the Mexican strain was localized at amino acid positions 95 to 101. The ORF 3 protein of the Burmese strain contains an immuno-dominant epitope at amino acid positions 112 to 117. Some of these short peptides may be useful for the development of a diagnostic assay to discriminate between the Burmese and Mexican strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, HEPATITIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL, MOSCOW 123098, RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 75 BP 641 EP 646 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-75-3-641 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA MY789 UT WOS:A1994MY78900020 PM 8126461 ER PT J AU LAL, RB GIAM, CZ COLIGAN, JE RUDOLPH, DL AF LAL, RB GIAM, CZ COLIGAN, JE RUDOLPH, DL TI DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TO THE IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES OF REGULATORY PROTEINS (TAX AND REX) IN HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; PROVIRAL DNA LOAD; HTLV-I; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; HAM-TSP; ANTIBODIES; EXPRESSION AB Infection by human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is etiologically linked with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) or adult T cell leukemia (ATL). To evaluate the contribution of the viral regulatory proteins tax and rex during the development of disease, antibody responses to these proteins were analyzed in patients with HAM (n = 28) or ATL (n = 48) and in asymptomatic carriers (n = 69). Epitope mapping analysis identified immunodominant epitopes towards the amino terminus (Tax8(106-125)) and at the carboxyl terminus (Tax22(316-335) Tax23(331-350), and Tax24(336-353)) Of tax and the amino terminus (Rex1(1-20), Rex2(16-35), Rex4(46-65) and Rex6(76-95)) of rex. Analysis fanatically reactivity to these immunodominant epitopes demonstrated preferential reactivity to Tax8, Tax22, Tax23, and Tax24 (71%-93%) and to Rex4 and Rex6 (52%) in p8tients with HAM when compared with reactivities in ATL patients (4%-31% for tax and 19%-24% for rex) or asymptomatic carriers (27%-37% for tax and 7%-23% for rex). In contrast, antibody responses to the immunodominant epitopes of the env proteins of HTLV-I (MTA, Env1, Env5) were similar in all of three clinical groups. Thus, differential immune responsiveness to the immunodominant epitopes of tax and rex in patients with HAM may play a role in disease pathogenesis in HTLV-I-infected persons. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED & MOLEC BIOL,DIV INFECT DIS,CLEVELAND,OH. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G19,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 3 BP 496 EP 503 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP109 UT WOS:A1994NP10900004 PM 8158021 ER PT J AU JENNINGS, AD GIBSON, CA MILLER, BR MATHEWS, JH MITCHELL, CJ ROEHRIG, JT WOOD, DJ TAFFS, F SIL, BK WHITBY, SN WHITBY, JE MONATH, TP MINOR, PD SANDERS, PG BARRETT, ADT AF JENNINGS, AD GIBSON, CA MILLER, BR MATHEWS, JH MITCHELL, CJ ROEHRIG, JT WOOD, DJ TAFFS, F SIL, BK WHITBY, SN WHITBY, JE MONATH, TP MINOR, PD SANDERS, PG BARRETT, ADT TI ANALYSIS OF A YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS ISOLATED FROM A FATAL CASE OF VACCINE-ASSOCIATED HUMAN ENCEPHALITIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE PROTEIN EPITOPES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; GENES AB The virulence of a yellow fever (YF) virus (P-16065) isolated from a fatal case of vaccine-associated viral encephalitis was investigated. P-16065 appeared identical to its parent vaccine virus (17D-204 USA, lot 6145) when examined with monoclonal antibodies except that YF wild type-specific MAb S24 recognized P-16065 but not 17D-204 USA 6145. Thus, a mutation of at least one epitope on the envelope (E) protein had occurred. Unlike 17D-204 USA 6145 and other 17D vaccine viruses, P-16065 was neuroinvasive and virulent for mice after intranasal inoculation, and neurovirulent for monkeys after intracerebral inoculation. The E protein of P-16065 differed from 17D-204 USA by two amino acids at positions 155 and 303. Changes at amino acid position 155 are found in other YF vaccine viruses that are not neurovirulent, and it is therefore postulated that the change at position 303 is involved in the alteration of the phenotype of P-16065 and may be important for virulence of YF virus. C1 UNIV SURREY,SCH BIOL SCI,MOLEC MICROBIOL GRP,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,DIV VIROL,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP JENNINGS, AD (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL F05,GALVESTON,TX 77555, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU Wellcome Trust NR 31 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 3 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP109 UT WOS:A1994NP10900006 PM 7908925 ER PT J AU MISHU, B KOEHLER, J LEE, LA RODRIGUE, D BRENNER, FH BLAKE, P TAUXE, RV AF MISHU, B KOEHLER, J LEE, LA RODRIGUE, D BRENNER, FH BLAKE, P TAUXE, RV TI OUTBREAKS OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1985-1991 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; EGGS; TYPHIMURIUM; CONSUMPTION; SURVIVAL; HENS AB The spread of Salmonella enteritidis infections in the United States was tracked to identify potential risk factors and preventive measures. Isolation rates and information regarding outbreaks of S. enteritidis from 1985 through 1991 were determined by reports to the national Salmonella surveillance system and through the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system. From 1985 through 1991, 380 outbreaks were reported involving 13,056 ill persons and 50 deaths. The proportion of Northeast outbreaks fell from 81% in 1985 to 55% in 1991 as the number of outbreaks in other areas increased. Grade A shell eggs were implicated in 82% of outbreaks. Case-fatality rates in nursing homes and hospitals were 70 times higher than in other settings. Cultures of environmental or animal specimens from all farms tested yielded S. enteritidis. Eggborne S. enteritidis infections are a major public health problem. Preventive measures, including educating consumers about proper handling of eggs, using pasteurized eggs, and controlling infections on egg farms, may stem the impact of this disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 22 TC 159 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 169 IS 3 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA NP109 UT WOS:A1994NP10900011 PM 8158026 ER PT J AU SCHULZE, TL JORDAN, RA VASVARY, LM CHOMSKY, MS SHAW, DC MEDDIS, MA TAYLOR, RC PIESMAN, J AF SCHULZE, TL JORDAN, RA VASVARY, LM CHOMSKY, MS SHAW, DC MEDDIS, MA TAYLOR, RC PIESMAN, J TI SUPPRESSION OF IXODES-SCAPULARIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) NYMPHS IN A LARGE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ACARICIDES; CONTROL ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; NEW-JERSEY; AERIAL APPLICATION; AREA; FORMULATIONS; PEROMYSCUS; CARBARYL; HOSTS AB To determine the feasibility of suppressing Ixodes scapularis Say populations in a large, hyperendemic residential community, several rates of granular carbaryl were applied by ground and air to the shrub layer and wooded buffers of a forested residential community during the peak activity period of nymphs. Granular carbaryl significantly reduced the abundance of I. scapularis nymphs on Peromyscus leucopus Raphinesque. Control nymphal ticks ranged between 70.0 and 90.3%. The use of properly timed acaricide applications to I. scapularis habitat within residential communities can provide an effective means of reducing exposure to I. scapularis nymphs, which are chiefly responsible for transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi to humans. C1 FREEHOLD AREA HLTH DEPT,FREEHOLD,NJ 07728. MONMOUTH CTY MOSQUITO EXTERMINAT COMMISS,EATONTOWN,NJ 07724. MONMOUTH CTY SHADE TREE COMMISS,FREEHOLD,NJ 07728. MONMOUTH CTY HLTH DEPT,FREEHOLD,NJ 07728. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,RUTGERS COOPERAT EXTENS,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08903. RP SCHULZE, TL (reprint author), NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,CN 369,TRENTON,NJ 08625, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU 206567] NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 206 EP 211 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA MZ394 UT WOS:A1994MZ39400005 PM 8189411 ER PT J AU MAUPIN, GO PIESMAN, J AF MAUPIN, GO PIESMAN, J TI ACARICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IMMATURE IXODES-SCAPULARIS (ACARI, IXODIDAE) AS DETERMINED BY THE DISPOSABLE PIPETTE METHOD SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ACARICIDES; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; DOSE-MORTALITY ID DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; FORMULATIONS; POPULATIONS; PERMETHRIN; NYMPHS AB The disposable pipet method was used to establish baseline dose-mortality data for immature stages of Ixodes scapularis Say for carbaryl, esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin, and permethrin. Permethrin and cyfluthrin were most toxic to both nymphs and larvae, followed in order by esfenvalerate and carbaryl, based on LD50 and LD90 values. Larvae were substantially more susceptible than nymphs to each compound. RP MAUPIN, GO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 2 BP 319 EP 321 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA MZ394 UT WOS:A1994MZ39400022 PM 8189426 ER PT J AU PUJOL, FH FAVOROV, MO MARCANO, T ESTE, JA MAGRIS, M LIPRANDI, F KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS FIELDS, HA AF PUJOL, FH FAVOROV, MO MARCANO, T ESTE, JA MAGRIS, M LIPRANDI, F KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS FIELDS, HA TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST HEPATITIS-E VIRUS AMONG URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS IN VENEZUELA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; HEV; AMERINDIANS AB Antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV) were detected in sera by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) from different populations in Venezuela. Antibodies against HEV were found in 1.6% (3/184) of urban pregnant woman (Caracas), in 3.9% (8/204) of rural populations (San Camilo, Edo Apure), and in 5.4% (12/223) of rural Amerindians (Padamo, Edo Amazonas). Positivity was confirmed by a neutralization EIA based on the use of competing soluble free peptides. The prevalence of antibodies in the Amerindian group was significantly higher than in urban pregnant women. No relation was found between age and HEV prevalence in rural populations. Three of 21 positive sera were also weakly positive by Western blot for IgM antibodies. This result, together with the low optical density values observed by EIA, suggested that the presence of antibodies in these sera reflects past infections. Based on these results, Venezuela does not seem to be highly endemic for hepatitis E. This is the first report of serological evidence of infection by HEV in South America. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDC,NCID,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP PUJOL, FH (reprint author), IVIC,CMBC,BIOL VIRUS LAB,APDO 21827,CARACAS 1010A,VENEZUELA. RI Este, Jose/B-5509-2008 OI Este, Jose/0000-0002-1436-5823 NR 13 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 42 IS 3 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890420305 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA MY346 UT WOS:A1994MY34600004 PM 8006635 ER PT J AU CLARK, GG SEDA, H GUBLER, DJ AF CLARK, GG SEDA, H GUBLER, DJ TI USE OF THE CDC BACKPACK ASPIRATOR FOR SURVEILLANCE OF AEDES-AEGYPTI IN SAN-JUAN, PUERTO-RICO SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note AB We constructed a battery-powered backpack aspirator to collect adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This simple, easily constructed aspirator facilitates the indoor collection of this important vector species. The collections made with the aspirator provide useful information about the biology and behavior of Ae. aegypti that can be used in education and vector control programs and in the evaluation of ultra-low volume insecticide spray programs directed against this species. The cost for construction is ca. $150. RP CLARK, GG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 4 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 10 IS 1 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA NG684 UT WOS:A1994NG68400025 PM 8014622 ER PT J AU MCNAMARA, TS COOK, RA BEHLER, JL AJELLO, L PADHYE, AA AF MCNAMARA, TS COOK, RA BEHLER, JL AJELLO, L PADHYE, AA TI CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN A COMMON ANACONDA (EUNECTES MURINUS) SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS; COMMON ANACONDA; EUNECTES MURINUS; SYSTEMIC CRYPTOCOCCOSIS AB Systemic cryptococcosis was diagnosed in a common anaconda (Eunectes murinus) that died after a 2.5-mo history of progressive neurologic disease. Pathologic examination revealed granulomatous pneumonia and meningoencephalitis associated with yeast organisms morphologically consistent with Cryptococcus. Cryptococcus neoformans was confirmed as the etiologic agent using a specific fluorescent antibody test for this pathogenic yeast. This is the first reported case of C. neoformans infection in a poikilothermic host. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCNAMARA, TS (reprint author), NEW YORK ZOOL SOC,WILDLIFE CONSERVAT INT,BRONX,NY 10460, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC Z00 VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 1 BP 128 EP 132 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ND166 UT WOS:A1994ND16600018 ER PT J AU GURALNIK, JM SIMONSICK, EM FERRUCCI, L GLYNN, RJ BERKMAN, LF BLAZER, DG SCHERR, PA WALLACE, RB AF GURALNIK, JM SIMONSICK, EM FERRUCCI, L GLYNN, RJ BERKMAN, LF BLAZER, DG SCHERR, PA WALLACE, RB TI A SHORT PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE BATTERY ASSESSING LOWER-EXTREMITY FUNCTION - ASSOCIATION WITH SELF-REPORTED DISABILITY AND PREDICTION OF MORTALITY AND NURSING-HOME ADMISSION SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PERSONS; OLDER PERSONS; RISK-FACTORS; COMMUNITY; MOBILITY; CAPACITY; RATINGS; FALLS AB Background. A short battery of physical performance tests was used to assess lower extremity function in more than 5,000 persons age 71 years and older in three communities. Methods. Balance, gait, strength, and endurance were evaluated by examining ability to stand with the feet together in the side-by-side, semi-tandem, and tandem positions, time to walk 8 feet, and time to rise from a chair and return to the seated position 5 times. Results. A wide distribution of performance was observed for each test. Each test and a summary performance scale, created by summing categorical rankings of performance on each test, were strongly associated with self-report of disability. Both self-report items and performance tests were independent predictors of short-term mortality and nursing home admission in multivariate analyses. However, evidence is presented that the performance tests provide information not available from self-report items. Of particular importance is the finding that in those at the high end of the functional spectrum, who reported almost no disability, the performance test Scores distinguished a gradient of risk for mortality and nursing home admission. Additionally, within subgroups with identical self-report profiles, there were systematic differences in physical performance related to age and sex. Conclusion. This study provides evidence that performance measures can validly characterize older persons across a broad spectrum of lower extremity function. Performance and self-report measures may complement each other in providing useful information about functional status. C1 INRCA FLORENCE,HOSP I FRATICINI,DEPT GERIATR,FLORENCE,ITALY. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. DUKE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,DURHAM,NC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP GURALNIK, JM (reprint author), NIA,EPIDEMIOL DEMOG & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,7201 WISCONSIN AVE,ROOM 3C-309,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-0-2105, N01-AG-0-2106, N01-AG-0-2107] NR 30 TC 2089 Z9 2123 U1 27 U2 119 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0022-1422 J9 J GERONTOL JI J. Gerontol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 49 IS 2 BP M85 EP M94 PG 10 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA NB102 UT WOS:A1994NB10200028 PM 8126356 ER PT J AU ARDAY, DR DRIGGERS, DP BROGDON, JD FAISON, D HICKS, JD ARDAY, SL AF ARDAY, DR DRIGGERS, DP BROGDON, JD FAISON, D HICKS, JD ARDAY, SL TI EVALUATION OF HEALTH, SANITATION, AND NUTRITION IN FORCES COMMAND CHILD-DEVELOPMENT CENTERS SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In 1992, Forces Command had 42 Child Development Centers on 22 installations. We evaluated program compliance in the areas of health, sanitation, and nutrition using inspection findings from April 1991 through June 1992. Each program was rated on 20 items, using inspection checklists developed for this evaluation. We also surveyed Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccination records among enrolled children. Most programs and facilities were fully or partially compliant in most areas. By quantifying the inspection findings, we were able to identify compliance items that needed further attention. The most frequent problem area across all programs was documentation of child immunization and health records. For children between 13 and 60 months of age, 77.7 % had records indicating appropriate vaccination against Hib. Comparisons with the prior year's findings indicated a trend toward improvement. RP ARDAY, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,M-S K-50,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 159 IS 3 BP 220 EP 223 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA NJ938 UT WOS:A1994NJ93800016 PM 8041468 ER PT J AU NELSON, BK AF NELSON, BK TI ADULT VERSUS DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY - AN OCCUPATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NEUROTOXICOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY; PRENATAL EXPOSURES; PERINATAL EXPOSURES; BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY; BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY ID COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIORAL TERATOLOGY; HUMANS; EXPOSURE; RATS; TERATOGENICITY; CHEMICALS; ANIMALS; BRAIN; LEAD AB Most readers of this journal are involved in neurotoxicology research, whether it is in adult or developing organisms. Although there are a number of similarities between adult and developmental neurotoxicology, there are also a number of differences. The intent of this ''perspective'' is to highlight some of the similarities and differences between these disciplines in the hopes of enhancing communication among neurotoxicologists. RP NELSON, BK (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CDC,C-24,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 16 IS 2 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90120-1 PG 6 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA NG800 UT WOS:A1994NG80000011 PM 8052196 ER PT J AU IRWIN, KL RICE, RJ OSULLIVAN, MJ SPERLING, R BRODMAN, M AF IRWIN, KL RICE, RJ OSULLIVAN, MJ SPERLING, R BRODMAN, M TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED WOMEN SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33152. JACKSON MEM HOSP,MIAMI,FL 33136. MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP IRWIN, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 83 IS 3 BP 480 EP 482 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MX857 UT WOS:A1994MX85700036 PM 8127550 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K AF STEENLAND, K TI AGE-SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SMOKING AND RADON AMONG UNITED-STATES URANIUM MINERS SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LUNG-CANCER AB United States uranium miners who smoked have death rates from lung cancer that are intermediate between the rates predicted by the additive and multiplicative models (on a ratio scale) across all age groups. Age specific patterns of interaction have not been thoroughly examined, and most analyses have been internal ones in which there was no truly non-exposed group. Here age specific death rates of lung cancer among ever smoking uranium miners have been examined for conformity with the additive and multiplicative models. The multiplicative model fits well for the youngest and oldest categories, but poorly for the middle age ranges. In the middle age range, predicted rates under the multiplicative model were quite high, surpassing the corresponding United States death rates for all causes combined. If the multiplicative model is assumed to hold across all ages, one hypothesis that might explain the observed age specific patterns is that the full expression on the multiplicative model might not be seen at certain ages due to a limited pool of miners susceptible to lung cancer. These data, however, have several limitations such as small numbers of deaths from lung cancer among never smokers, the use of qualitative rather than quantitative smoking and radon exposure data, and ignorance of the underlying biological mechanisms of interaction. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,R-13,4676,COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 51 IS 3 BP 192 EP 194 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NE458 UT WOS:A1994NE45800008 PM 8130848 ER PT J AU QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS CANDAL, FJ ADES, EW AF QUINN, FD WEYANT, RS CANDAL, FJ ADES, EW TI DESTRUCTION OF HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL CAPILLARY-LIKE MICROTUBULES BY BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER-ASSOCIATED HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE BIOGROUP AEGYPTIUS (HAE); CYTOTOXICITY; VIRULENCE MODEL; BRAZILIAN PURPURIC FEVER (BPF); HMEC-I TISSUE CULTURE ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; STRAINS; AUSTRALIA AB When grown in the presence of Matrigel(TM), monolayers of an immortalized human microvascular cell line (HMEC-1) form capillary-like microtubule networks. Previous work, using HMEC-1 monolayers, demonstrated a significant difference in in vitro cytotoxicity between Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF)-associated Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (HAE) strains and non-BPF-associated HAE strains. The present study demonstrates that BPF-related cytotoxic differences can also be observed in HMEC-1 microtubule networks. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2 x 10(-2) bacteria/tissue culture cell, BPF-associated strain F3031 disrupted the microtubule network, producing random clumps of rounded cells at 48 h of incubation. Infection with non-BPF-associated strain F1947 at the same MOI produced no observable microtubule disruption. The ability of HMEC-1 microtubule model to differentiate virulent and avirulent HAE in vitro will further aid in the study of BPF pathogenesis. In addition, the fact that the HMEC-1 cells can be induced to form microtubules make it an excellent model system for the general study of many of the agents of vascular purpura. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP QUINN, FD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 62 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1159/000163886 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA NY602 UT WOS:A1994NY60200008 PM 7945913 ER PT J AU WALER, JA SHAPIRO, CN AF WALER, JA SHAPIRO, CN TI TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS BETWEEN INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS B VIRUS TRANSMISSION; HEPATITIS B VACCINE ID INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 13 IS 3 BP 245 EP 246 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA NA577 UT WOS:A1994NA57700023 ER PT J AU BRISS, PA SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG KRESNOW, MJ ONEIL, J AF BRISS, PA SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG KRESNOW, MJ ONEIL, J TI A NATIONWIDE STUDY OF THE RISK OF INJURY ASSOCIATED WITH DAY-CARE-CENTER ATTENDANCE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CHILD CARE; CHILDREN; DAY CAVE CENTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INJURY; PEDIATRIC; PLAYGROUND; PREVENTION ID CHILD-CARE; HOME CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ILLNESS AB Objective. Because an increasing proportion of US children spends time in day care center environments, a national estimate of injury risks in day care centers is needed. Methods. We interviewed directors of 1797 day care centers from every state and the District of Columbia from October to December 1990 and analyzed medically attended injuries and center characteristics reported by the directors. Results. The centers were attended by 138404 children. In the 2 months before the center directors were interviewed, 556 children sustained injuries requiring medical attention while attending the centers. The injury rate was 1.5 injuries per 100000 child hours in day care. The most common injuries were cuts or lacerations (31%), bumps or bruises (15%), fractures (10%), and dental injuries (8%). Most injuries (51%) occurred on the playground. Many injuries (18%), and more than half of fractures and concussions (53%) were due to falls from climbing equipment. Conclusions. Day care center injury rates estimated by this study were relatively low. Many injuries that occur in this setting are probably minor. However, lowering the height of playground equipment and providing more resilient playground surfaces could further reduce injury risks in day care centers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1994 VL 93 IS 3 BP 364 EP 368 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MY687 UT WOS:A1994MY68700002 PM 8115192 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA DECOUFLE, P YEARGINALLSOPP, M AF BOYLE, CA DECOUFLE, P YEARGINALLSOPP, M TI PREVALENCE AND HEALTH IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES IN US CHILDREN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES; MENTAL RETARDATION; CEREBRAL PALSY; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; EPILEPSY; PREVALENCE; SURVEY ID CHILDHOOD AB Objective. Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey-Child Health Supplement were used to examine the prevalence of selected developmental disabilities and their impact among children ages 0 through 17 years. Design. The following conditions, identified through a structured in-person interview with a parent or other adult household member, were examined: deafness or trouble hearing, blindness, epilepsy or seizures, stammering and stuttering, other speech defects, cerebral palsy, delay in growth or development, learning disabilities, and emotional or behavioral problems. The impact was defined by measures of perceived health status, school performance and attendance, and health care utilization. Results. Seventeen percent of children in the United States were reported to have ever had a developmental disability. The prevalence of the individual disabilities ranged from 0.2% for cerebral palsy to 6.5% for learning disabilities. These conditions taken together had a substantial impact on the health and educational functioning of affected children: 1.5 times more doctor visits, 3.5 times more hospital-days, twice the number of school-days lost, and a 2.5-foId increase in the likelihood of repeating a grade in school compared with children without these conditions. The extent of this impact was much greater among children with multiple disabilities or with either cerebral palsy, epilepsy or seizures, delays in growth and development, or emotional or behavioral problems. The impact on school performance was most pronounced for children reported to have learning disabilities. Conclusions. Future research efforts should be focused on ways to reduce the impact of these developmental disabilities on quality of life. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILTIES,ATLANTA,GA. NR 24 TC 232 Z9 238 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1994 VL 93 IS 3 BP 399 EP 403 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MY687 UT WOS:A1994MY68700009 PM 7509480 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB KOPLAN, JP TAYLOR, WR HINMAN, AR KATZ, MF ROPER, WL AF THACKER, SB KOPLAN, JP TAYLOR, WR HINMAN, AR KATZ, MF ROPER, WL TI ASSESSING PREVENTION EFFECTIVENESS USING DATA TO DRIVE PROGRAM DECISIONS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL-HEALTH EDUCATION; BREAST-CANCER DETECTION; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; DEATH RATES; DIAGNOSIS; MEASLES; WOMEN; CARE AB The measure of the effectiveness of health promotion and disease prevention activities is the impact of prevention policies, programs, and practices on public health and clinical medicine. Assessing prevention effectiveness involves continuing quantitative analysis of health outcomes resulting from prevention practices. Additionally, assessment involves evaluation of disease- and injury-prevention activities, including their medical, legal, ethical, and economic impacts. Although assessing the effectiveness of prevention activities involves measuring efficacy, safety, and cost, the primary criterion is to improve health at a reasonable cost, not merely to contain costs. Policy makers can use the results of assessments to set priorities in public health. The authors use case studies to illustrate various approaches to evaluating prevention programs, including school health-education programs, and programs for preventing measles, breast cancer, and diabetic retinopathy. Rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention activities is essential to the wide acceptance of preventive interventions and the willingness to pay for them. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,MAIL STOP F29,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 67 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 109 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NG261 UT WOS:A1994NG26100021 PM 8153269 ER PT J AU ONORATO, IM GWINN, M DONDERO, TJ AF ONORATO, IM GWINN, M DONDERO, TJ TI APPLICATIONS OF DATA FROM THE CDC FAMILY OF SURVEYS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH-SERVICES; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; HOSPITALS; CLINICS; WOMEN AB The CDC Family of Surveys is a national serologic surveillance system set up to characterize the extent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States. The now Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and participating State and local health departments began the system in 1987. HIV seroprevalence data are collected by unlinked (anonymous) surveys of particular components of the population that include childbearing women; clients of sexually transmitted disease clinics; injecting drug users; tuberculosis patients; and several special populations, such as adolescents, prisoners, and homeless persons. The data obtained have been used extensively on both national and local levels to assist HIV-prevention programs. Data from the surveys have been used to identify specific demographic groups at risk for HIV infection so that health education programs may be planned and made available to them in clinical settings. Local serosurvey results have been used in planning and implementing prevention programs and in planning health services for HIV-positive persons. The completeness, or coverage, of HIV counseling and testing programs has been evaluated by comparing seroprevalences among clients tested voluntarily with those tested in the unlinked survey. Survey data are used in formulating recommendations and standards of care for health practitioners, in allocating resources, and in carrying out long-range planning for HIV prevention and treatment services for at-risk groups. Such data are essential to the decision-making process in forming public health policy and recommending practices involving the HIV epidemic. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,SPECIAL SURVEYS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ONORATO, IM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,TECH INFORMAT ACT,MS E49,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 109 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NG261 UT WOS:A1994NG26100023 PM 8153271 ER PT J AU SUGARMAN, JR BRENNEMAN, G LAROQUE, W WARREN, CW GOLDBERG, HI AF SUGARMAN, JR BRENNEMAN, G LAROQUE, W WARREN, CW GOLDBERG, HI TI THE URBAN AMERICAN-INDIAN OVERSAMPLE IN THE 1988 NATIONAL MATERNAL AND INFANT HEALTH SURVEY SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; BIRTH; DEATH AB Although more than two-thirds of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI) live outside reservations and Tribal lands, few data sets describe social and maternal-child health risk factors among urban AI. The Indian Health Service sponsored a special effort to survey mothers of AI infants as part of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMIHS), a comprehensive national study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control. The authors analyzed questionnaires completed by mothers residing in selected locations served by urban Indian health programs and compared the data with those for women of other races residing in metropolitan areas. After adjusting the sample for nonparticipating States, the response rate in the Urban Indian Oversample was 60.8 percent (763 of 1,254). More than 45 percent of AI and black respondents, compared with 15 percent of white respondents, reported an annual household income of less than $10,000. About half of AI and black women, compared with nearly three-quarters of white women, reported having insurance or health maintenance organization coverage during pregnancy. Despite having a similarly low rate of health insurance coverage and low household income, AI respondents were far less likely than black respondents to have Medicaid coverage. A higher proportion of AI women than of black or white women reported difficulties in obtaining prenatal care, and AI women were less likely to obtain prenatal care. AI women were also less likely than white women to obtain prenatal care in the first trimester. Although a similar proportion of AI and white women reported that they consumed alcohol during the year before pregnancy, a higher proportion of Al drinkers than of white drinkers reported consuming one or more drinks weekly after finding out they were pregnant. The proportion of unwanted pregnancies was higher among AI women than among white women, but lower than among black women. AI and black women had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than did white women. The data suggest that urban Al mothers experience a disproportionate burden of economic, social, and behavioral risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. In spite of some data limitations, the Urban Indian Oversample of the NMIHS provides important information about social and health risk factors among urban AI mothers. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR AMER INDIAN & ALASKAN NAT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,CTR AMER INDIAN & MINOR HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP SUGARMAN, JR (reprint author), US INDIAN HLTH SERV,DIV RES EVALUAT & EPIDEMIOL,2201 6TH AVE,ROOM 300,SEATTLE,WA 98121, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 109 IS 2 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NG261 UT WOS:A1994NG26100028 PM 8153276 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, JT AF CRAWFORD, JT TI DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM INFECTIONS SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPTI-CHEK AFB; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DNA PROBES; COMPLEX; AMPLIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; INTRACELLULARE; CULTURE RP CRAWFORD, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 145 IS 3 BP 177 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(94)90015-9 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA NM038 UT WOS:A1994NM03800004 PM 7809469 ER PT J AU MOYER, LA ALTER, MJ AF MOYER, LA ALTER, MJ TI HEPATITIS-C VIRUS IN THE HEMODIALYSIS SETTING - A REVIEW WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONTROL SO SEMINARS IN DIALYSIS LA English DT Review RP MOYER, LA (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI CAMBRIDGE PA 238 MAIN ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 SN 0894-0959 J9 SEMIN DIALYSIS JI Semin. Dial. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 7 IS 2 BP 124 EP 127 DI 10.1111/j.1525-139X.1994.tb00820.x PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA NC652 UT WOS:A1994NC65200012 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO AF ARAL, SO TI SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR IN SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE RESEARCH - AN OVERVIEW SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 1993 CL HELSINSKI, FINLAND SP INT SOC SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS RES ID HIV-INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; CONDOM USE; AIDS; WOMEN AB Determinants of sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence have been described at the individual and the population level of analysis. Some issues of measurement remain unresolved in the assessment of risk and preventive behaviors. In general, risk behaviors (sexual, substance abuse, health) and contextual determinants of risk tend to occur together. Population prevalence of many STD risk behaviors is higher among minority populations of lower socioeconomic status. The major issues related to the choice of target groups involve lack of adequate data. Different behavioral interventions may be more appropriate for specific STD. The most important unresolved issue in the context of intervention research may be that interventions to change sexual behaviors are not supported by conclusive empirical evidence. In the past, in most countries, policy instruments have not been used effectively to achieve risk-reducing changes in sexual behavior, Elaboration of these points provides a description of the state of behavioral issues in STD research. RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MS-E02,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 21 IS 2 SU S BP S59 EP S64 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA NH027 UT WOS:A1994NH02700013 PM 8042119 ER PT J AU LEVINE, WC BERG, AO JOHNSON, RE ROLFS, RT STONE, KM HOOK, EW HANDSFIELD, HH HOLMES, KK ISLAM, MQ PIOT, P BRADY, WE SCHMID, GP BRANSON, BM BECHER, JA BERMAN, SM BROWN, ST EFFLER, PV HIGGINS, DL JOESOEF, R KAMB, ML KASSLER, WJ MORAN, JS MACKAY, HT PETERMAN, TA PETERSON, HB PINNER, RW REEF, SE SCHULTE, J WEBER, JT HOLMES, K CHITWARAKORN, A DALLABETTA, G FRANSEN, L FOUMBI, J GROSSKURTH, H GUERRERO, E HART, G HALL, R LIND, I MABEY, D NDOYE, I PAAVONEN, J ROSEBERRY, W STOLZ, E AF LEVINE, WC BERG, AO JOHNSON, RE ROLFS, RT STONE, KM HOOK, EW HANDSFIELD, HH HOLMES, KK ISLAM, MQ PIOT, P BRADY, WE SCHMID, GP BRANSON, BM BECHER, JA BERMAN, SM BROWN, ST EFFLER, PV HIGGINS, DL JOESOEF, R KAMB, ML KASSLER, WJ MORAN, JS MACKAY, HT PETERMAN, TA PETERSON, HB PINNER, RW REEF, SE SCHULTE, J WEBER, JT HOLMES, K CHITWARAKORN, A DALLABETTA, G FRANSEN, L FOUMBI, J GROSSKURTH, H GUERRERO, E HART, G HALL, R LIND, I MABEY, D NDOYE, I PAAVONEN, J ROSEBERRY, W STOLZ, E TI DEVELOPMENT OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES TREATMENT GUIDELINES, 1993 - NEW METHODS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND RESEARCH PRIORITIES SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Meeting of the International-Society-for-Sexually-Transmitted-Diseases-Research CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 1993 CL HELSINSKI, FINLAND SP INT SOC SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS RES ID SUSCEPTIBILITIES; DOXYCYCLINE AB To develop the 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviewed the literature on sexually transmitted disease treatment, assembled tables of evidence, and listed key questions on therapeutic outcomes: microbiologic cure, alleviation of symptoms, and prevention of sequelae and transmission. At a meeting with external experts, evidence was systematically assessed and guidelines developed. Quality of evidence for microbiologic cure was generally good for gonorrhea and chlamydia, poor for syphilis, and fair for most other diseases. Evidence on preventing sequelae and transmission was limited. The Guidelines include new recommendations for single-dose oral therapy of gonorrhea (cefixime, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin), chlamydia (azithromycin), and chancroid (azithromycin); outpatient therapy of pelvic inflammatory disease (ofloxacin and either clindamycin or metronidazole); and patient-applied therapy of genital warts (podofilox). Syphilis therapy did not change substantially. Several global issues that emerged during the development of the World Health Organization Recommendations for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases also are discussed. This evidence-based approach clarified important treatment issues and the rationale for recommendations, and identified research priorities. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. VENEREAL DIS DIV,BANGKOK,THAILAND. AIDSCAP,FAMILY HLTH INT,ARLINGTON,VA. COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,B-1049 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. UN,CHILDRENS FUND,NEW YORK,NY 10017. AMREF,MWANZA,TANZANIA. S AUSTRALIAN HLTH COMMISS,ADELAIDE,SA,AUSTRALIA. STATENS SERUM INST,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. MINIST SANTE PUBL & ACT SOCIALE,DAKAR,SENEGAL. UNIV HELSINKI,HELSINKI,FINLAND. WORLD BANK,WASHINGTON,DC 20433. UNIV ROTTERDAM HOSP,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNION LATINOAMER ENFERMEDADES TRANSMIS SEXUAL,SANTO DOMINGO,DOMINICAN REP. RP LEVINE, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Hart, Graham/C-1591-2008 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 21 IS 2 SU S BP S96 EP S101 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA NH027 UT WOS:A1994NH02700022 PM 8042129 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS KNECHT, EA KRIEG, EF BARNARD, G MIKOLA, HJ KOHEN, F GANI, MM COLEY, J AF KESNER, JS KNECHT, EA KRIEG, EF BARNARD, G MIKOLA, HJ KOHEN, F GANI, MM COLEY, J TI VALIDATIONS OF TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAYS FOR URINARY ESTRONE 3-GLUCURONIDE AND PREGNANEDIOL 3-GLUCURONIDE SO STEROIDS LA English DT Article DE COMPETITIVE FLUORESCENCE IMMUNOASSAY; ESTROGEN; PROGESTIN; WOMEN; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; EUROPIUM ID MONITORING MENSTRUAL FUNCTION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; OVARIAN; WOMEN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; GLUCURONIDES; DERIVATIVES; OVULATION; HORMONE; FIELD AB Competitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays (FIAs) were developed for measuring 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-ol-17-one glucosiduronate (estrone 3-glucuronide, E(1)3G) and 5 beta-Pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol 3-glucosiduronate (pregnanediol 3-glucuronide, Pd3G) in unextracted urine. The assays ar e specific, detect 0.98 ng E(1)3G/mL and 0.035 mu g Pd3G/mL, measure 102.8 +/- 2.0% of E(1)3G and 93.6 +/- 2.9% of Pd3G added and exhibit between and within assay coefficients of variation, respectively, of 5.3% and 7.1% for E(1)3G and 6.8% and 7.8% for Pd3G. The urine matrix does not interfere with the assay. Urinary steroid glucuronide profiles measured by these FIAs conform to those of urinary steroid glucuronides and serum estradiol and progesterone measured by other established immunoassays. These FIAs afford the advantages of non-radioisotopic procedures and urine sample collection (convenience, non-invasiveness, integration of pulsatile secretion) to evaluate menstrual function in epidemiological, medical, and athletic populations. C1 DIAGNOST RES UNIT,BOURNEMOUTH,DORSET,ENGLAND. UNIV TURKU,DEPT CHEM,TURKU,FINLAND. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT HORMONE RES,REHOVOT,ISRAEL. UNILEVER RES COLWORTH LAB,BEDFORD,ENGLAND. RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAIL STOP C-23,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI WOBURN PA 225 WILDWOOD AVE #UNITB PO BOX 4500, WOBURN, MA 01801-2084 SN 0039-128X J9 STEROIDS JI Steroids PD MAR PY 1994 VL 59 IS 3 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1016/0039-128X(94)90029-9 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA NA826 UT WOS:A1994NA82600006 PM 8048153 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, HI TOROS, A AF GOLDBERG, HI TOROS, A TI THE USE OF TRADITIONAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG TURKISH COUPLES SO STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING LA English DT Article AB About half the users of contraceptives in Turkey employ traditional methods of family planning, particularly withdrawal. This report presents data from a 1988 national survey to examine Turkish couples' use of and opinions about these methods. Use of traditional methods is widespread across all geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic groups. The principal reasons reported for not using methods generally considered to be highly reliable were fear of health problems and side effects and the opposition of husbands to such methods. Most couples who practice withdrawal also feel that it is as effective as modern methods. These findings imply that a major focus of family planning efforts should be the education of women, of their partners, and of health-care and family planning providers concerning the benefits, risks, and failure rates of both traditional and modern contraceptive methods. C1 HACETTEPE UNIV,HACETTEPE INST POPULAT STUDIES,ANKARA,TURKEY. RP GOLDBERG, HI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU POPULATION COUNCIL PI NEW YORK PA ONE DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0039-3665 J9 STUD FAMILY PLANN JI Stud. Fam. Plan. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.2307/2138089 PG 7 WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NK054 UT WOS:A1994NK05400005 PM 8059445 ER PT J AU ZUCKER, JR LACKRITZ, EM RUEBUSH, TK HIGHTOWER, AW ADUNGOSI, JE WERE, JBO CAMPBELL, CC AF ZUCKER, JR LACKRITZ, EM RUEBUSH, TK HIGHTOWER, AW ADUNGOSI, JE WERE, JBO CAMPBELL, CC TI ANEMIA, BLOOD-TRANSFUSION PRACTICES, HIV AND MORTALITY AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN WESTERN KENYA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; ANEMIA; PREVENTION; GUINEA; AFRICA; AIDS AB Severe anaemia among women in sub-Saharan Africa is frequently treated with blood transfusions. The risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through blood products has led to a re-evaluation of the indications for transfusions. Prospective surveillance of women admitted to a district hospital in western Kenya was conducted from 1 December 1990 to 31 July 1991, for haemoglobin (Hb) transfusion status, and outcome. Of the 2986 enrolled women (mean Hb 10.4 g/dL, sD+/-2.6, median age 24.4 years), 6% were severely anaemic (Hb <6.0 g/dL). Severe anaemia was associated with a higher mortality rate (10.7% vs. 14%, odds ratio (OR)=8.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6, 34.2) compared with women with Hb greater than or equal to 6.0 g/dL. Decreased mortality rates in hospital were observed with increasing Hb values (OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.19, 0.98), but blood transfusions did not improve survival in hospital(OR=1.56, 95% CI 0.22, 11.03). The attributable mortality due to HIV infection and severe anaemia was 75% and 31%, respectively. Maternal/child health care services must include prevention strategies for HIV transmission and the prevention, recognition, and treatment of severe anaemia. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. SIAYA DIST HOSP,SIAYA,KENYA. RP ZUCKER, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 88 IS 2 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90283-6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NL591 UT WOS:A1994NL59100015 PM 8036663 ER PT J AU SASSANMOROKRO, M DECOCK, KM ACKAH, A VETTER, KM DOORLY, R BRATTEGAARD, K COULIBALY, D COULIBALY, IM GAYLE, H AF SASSANMOROKRO, M DECOCK, KM ACKAH, A VETTER, KM DOORLY, R BRATTEGAARD, K COULIBALY, D COULIBALY, IM GAYLE, H TI TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV-INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; IVORY-COAST; RISK; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; ZAIRE AB Of 5180 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire (West Africa), between July 1989 and December 1990, 289 (6%) mere children aged less than 15 years. The overall prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and/or HIV-2 infection in children with tuberculosis was 11.8% (HIV-1, 10.0%; HIV-2, 0.7%; reactivity to both viruses, 1%). The highest overall age-specific prevalence was in children aged 1-4 years (23.4%), significantly higher than the rate in attenders at a well child clinic (0.5%) (odds ratio 58.2). Of children with tuberculosis, 26% had sputum smear-positive disease (HIV seroprevalence 2.7%), 20% extrapulmonary disease (HIV seroprevalence 5.2%), and 54% were categorized as having 'clinical tuberculosis' (HIV seroprevalence 18.6%) based on clinical signs and chest X-ray abnormalities with negative sputum smears. Clinical tuberculosis was most frequent in seropositive children, irrespective of age, and in younger seronegative children. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis was equally distributed across age groups, and pulmonary tuberculosis was concentrated in older, seronegative children. HIV-positivity was significantly associated with other features related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome such as wasting, chronic diarrhoea, oral candidiasis, and negative tuberculin skin tests. Tuberculosis seems to be associated with HIV infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa, but better diagnostic techniques for paediatric tuberculosis are urgently needed. C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR ANTITUBERCULEUX,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR-APR PY 1994 VL 88 IS 2 BP 178 EP 181 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90285-2 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA NL591 UT WOS:A1994NL59100017 PM 8036665 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP VALINSKY, JE PAGLIERONI, T PRINCE, HE CRUTCHER, GJ GJERSET, GF OPERSKALSKI, EA CHARLEBOIS, E BIANCO, C HOLLAND, PV PETERSEN, LR HOLLINGSWORTH, CG MOSLEY, JW AF BUSCH, MP VALINSKY, JE PAGLIERONI, T PRINCE, HE CRUTCHER, GJ GJERSET, GF OPERSKALSKI, EA CHARLEBOIS, E BIANCO, C HOLLAND, PV PETERSEN, LR HOLLINGSWORTH, CG MOSLEY, JW TI SCREENING OF BLOOD-DONORS FOR IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; TRANSFUSION SAFETY; CELL DEFICIENCY; INFECTION; SUBSETS; AIDS; HIV; IMMUNOPHENOTYPES AB Background: The recent recognition of idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) has led to concern that an unknown immunodeficiency virus may be transmissible by transfusion. Study Design and Methods: To evaluate the prevalence and significance of low CD4+ values among blood donors, CD4, data on 2030 blood donors who were negative for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were compiled. Those with CD4+ values below ICL cutoffs (<300 CD4+ T cells/muL, or <20% CD4+ T cells) were recalled for follow-up investigations. Serial CD4+ data on 55 homosexual men who seroconverted during prospective follow-up and data on 139 anti-HIV-1-positive blood donors initially evaluated in 1986 were reviewed as well. Results: Five seronegative donors (0.25%) had absolute CD4+ counts <300 cells per muL and/or <20 percent. On follow-up, all five donors had immunologic findings within normal ranges, lacked HIV risk factors, and tested negative for HIV types 1 and 2 and human T-lymphotropic virus type I and II infections by antibody and polymerase chain reaction assays. Four of five donors reported transient illnesses shortly after their low CD4+ count donations. The median interval from HIV-1 seroconversion to an initial CD4+ value below ICL CD4+ cutoffs was 63 months for infected homosexual men. Of 139 HIV-1-infected blood donors studied 1 to 2 years after seropositive donations, 34 (24%) had CD4+ counts <300 cells per muL and/or <20 percent. Conclusion: Low CD4+ counts are rare among anti-HIV-1 -negative volunteer blood donors and are generally associated with transient illnesses. If any unknown virus progresses similarly to HIV-1, CD4+ count donor screening would be a poor surrogate for its detection. C1 NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,SPECIAL DIAGNOST LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10021. SACRAMENTO MED FDN CTR BLOOD RES,SACRAMENTO,CA. AMER RED CROSS,TISSUE SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. PUGET SOUND BLOOD CTR,SEATTLE,WA 98104. NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. RP BUSCH, MP (reprint author), IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,270 MASON AVE,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94118, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97074, N01-HB-7-7003, N01-HB-4-7002] NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 1994 VL 34 IS 3 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34394196614.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA ND081 UT WOS:A1994ND08100002 PM 7908469 ER PT J AU MACDONALD, KL MILLS, WA WOOD, RC HANSON, M KLINE, W BOWMAN, RJ POLESKY, HF WILLIAMS, AE OSTERHOLM, MT AF MACDONALD, KL MILLS, WA WOOD, RC HANSON, M KLINE, W BOWMAN, RJ POLESKY, HF WILLIAMS, AE OSTERHOLM, MT TI EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY ASPECTS OF ANTIBODY TESTS FOR DETECTION OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION IN BLOOD-DONORS AND RECIPIENTS FROM A LOW-RISK POPULATION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY; PROSPECTIVELY FOLLOWED PATIENTS; NON-B-HEPATITIS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; NON-A; 2ND-GENERATION ASSAYS; HCV; 1ST-GENERATION; TRANSMISSION; SENSITIVITY AB Background: When the first-generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was approved in May 1990, blood banking agencies recommended testing of all components in inventory. In many cases, one or more components from these units had already been transfused. Study Design and Methods: Donors that reacted in first-generation EIAs and recipients of their components were identified, and anti-HCV test methods (including first-generation EIA, second-generation EIA, and recombinant immunoblot assay [RIBA]) were evaluated. Results: Of 66 donors identified as anti-HCV-positive by first-generation EIA, 17 were positive in second-generation EIA. Of these 17, 9 reacted in RIBA; 6 of these showed evidence of HCV infection in polymerase chain reaction (4) and/or probable transmission of HCV to a transfusion recipient (3). Of the 48 specimens that were positive in first-generation EIA and negative in second-generation EIA, only 1 was positive in RIBA; serum was not available for polymerase chain reaction testing, and there were no living transfusion recipients in whom to assess evidence of transmission of HCV. Conclusion: This study documents the low predictive value of EIAs for anti-HCV in a low-prevalence blood donor population and emphasizes the need for additional testing to confirm the specificity of samples that react in the screening tests. C1 MEM BLOOD CTR MINNEAPOLIS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. AMER RED CROSS,ST PAUL,MN. AMER RED CROSS,HOLLAND LABS TRANSMISSIBLE DIS DEPT,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MACDONALD, KL (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS PREVENT & CONTROL,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAR PY 1994 VL 34 IS 3 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1994.34394196616.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA ND081 UT WOS:A1994ND08100004 PM 8146891 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, LJ ETTLING, M CHITSULO, L STEKETEE, RW NYASULU, Y MACHESO, A NWANYANWU, OC AF SCHULTZ, LJ ETTLING, M CHITSULO, L STEKETEE, RW NYASULU, Y MACHESO, A NWANYANWU, OC TI A NATIONWIDE MALARIA KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES SURVEY IN MALAWI - OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A malaria knowledge, attitudes and practices survey was conducted in Malawi during April and May, 1992, to provide policy makers and program managers with information needed to design or improve malaria control programs, to establish epidemiologic and behavioral baselines, and to identify indicators for monitoring program effectiveness. Using cluster-sample survey methodology, 1531 households, in 30 clusters of 51-52 households each, were identified and members interviewed. Interviews were conducted by trained survey teams composed of young Malawian women with secondary level education. Heads of households were asked about malaria prevention methods used and about household economics; caretakers of children were asked about treatment and health seeking behavior in a recent malaria episode in a child; and women who had been pregnant in the past 5 years were asked about their antenatal clinic utilization and malaria during pregnancy. Survey results will be used to make programmatic decisions, including developing health education messages and establishing monitoring and evaluation of malaria control activities and outcomes in Malawi. C1 US AGCY INT DEV,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA. MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP SCHULTZ, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000015 PM 8066386 ER PT J AU ETTLING, M STEKETEE, RW MACHESO, A SCHULTZ, LJ NYASULU, Y CHITSULO, L AF ETTLING, M STEKETEE, RW MACHESO, A SCHULTZ, LJ NYASULU, Y CHITSULO, L TI MALARIA KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES IN MALAWI - SURVEY POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A national knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted in March-April 1992 to examine malaria illness and the people's response to illness and malaria prevention. Fifty-one households in each of 30 randomly selected communities were sampled and information was recorded from 1,531 households and 7,025 individuals. The population is characterized by low income (average household and per capita income were US $ 490 and $ 122, respectively) and low education levels (among adult women, 45 % had no formal education and only 3.9 % completed more than 8 years of schooling). Characteristics of the population were similar to those found in the 1987 national census, suggesting that the survey population was representative of the larger population of Malawi. Children under 5 years of age made up 15.8 % of the population and had the highest rates of fever illness; these children experienced an estimated 9.7 cases/year of fever illness consistent with malaria. Although adults reported fever less freguently, women of reproductive age experienced an estimated 6.9 episodes of fever annually. The burden of malaria morbidity in this population is extremely high and occurs in all age groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP ETTLING, M (reprint author), US AGCY INT DEV,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA, USA. NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000016 PM 8066387 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L CHITSULO, L MACHESO, A STEKETEE, RW AF SLUTSKER, L CHITSULO, L MACHESO, A STEKETEE, RW TI TREATMENT OF MALARIA FEVER EPISODES AMONG CHILDREN IN MALAWI - RESULTS OF A KAP SURVEY SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Caretakers of children (< 10 years of age) were questioned about management of pediatric malarial fever episodes in a nation-wide knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey conducted in Malawi. A total of 1,531 households in 30 randomly selected clusters of 51 households each were sampled and interviewed. Overall 557 caretakers reported a fever in their child in the previous 2 weeks; 43 % judged the illness as severe. Fifty-two percent of caretakers brought their febrile children to clinic. Clinic attendance was positively correlated with young age of the child (< 4 years), severe illness, and higher socioeconomic status. Seventy-four percent of clinic attenders gave their child an antimalarial; in contrast, only 42 % of those not attending clinic gave an antimalarial. Optimal therapy (administration of an antimalarial promptly and at the proper dosage) was received by only 7 % of febrile children. Children taken to clinic were twice as likely to receive optimal therapy as were non-attenders. Identification of critical points in the optimal therapy algorithm and characteristics of caretakers linked with sub-optimal therapy may help malaria control programs target specific groups and health education messages to improve treatment of malaria fever episodes. C1 MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000017 PM 8066388 ER PT J AU SCHULTZ, LJ STEKETEE, RW CHITSULO, L MACHESO, A NYASULU, Y ETTLING, M AF SCHULTZ, LJ STEKETEE, RW CHITSULO, L MACHESO, A NYASULU, Y ETTLING, M TI MALARIA AND CHILDBEARING WOMEN IN MALAWI - KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; EFFICACY AB Information on women's use of antenatal clinic (ANC) service, including malaria prevention and treatment during pregnancy, was collected during a national malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey in Malawi. Among 1531 households, 809 (53%) included a woman who had carried a pregnancy past the second trimester within the past 5 years. Of these, 756 (93%) women reported at least one ANC visit during pregnancy (median=4); 336 (42%) attended 5 or more times. Approximately half (51%) reported delivering in a hospital; 5% delivered in a clinic; 13% delivered at home with a trained birth attendant; and 28% delivered at home with only family attending. Women at increased risk for delivery complications (e.g. primigravidas and grand multigravidas) were no more likely to attend ANC or deliver in hospital than women without increased risk. The woman's level of education was the only significant predictor of initiating ANC care, continued ANC attendance, and delivery in hospital. In a setting where 43% of women pregnant within the past 5 years had received no formal education and 70% had completed less than 5 years, this survey identified a critical need for targeting health messages towards poorly educated women to ensure proper utilization of antenatal care services, including coverage with malaria prevention throughout pregnancy. C1 MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. US AGCY INT DEV,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA. RP SCHULTZ, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000018 PM 8066389 ER PT J AU ZIBA, C SLUTSKER, L CHITSULO, L STEKETEE, RW AF ZIBA, C SLUTSKER, L CHITSULO, L STEKETEE, RW TI USE OF MALARIA PREVENTION MEASURES IN MALAWIAN HOUSEHOLDS SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPREGNATED BED NETS; AFRICA; VECTOR AB Information on malaria prevention practices in households was obtained in a nation-wide knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey in Malawi. Of the 1,531 heads of household questioned, 55 % were able to identify mosquitoes as the cause of malaria. Use of any type of malaria prevention method was reported by 52 % of respondents. Among users, 47 % used commercial products (insecticide, mosquito coils, bednets), and 64 % used natural measures (burning leaves, dung, or wood); 11 % used both. The most common commercial measure used was mosquito coils (16 %) followed by insecticide spray (11 %) and bednets (7 %). Increasing household income and educational level of the household head were strongly correlated with use of commercial methods to prevent malaria; households with an income ranked moderate or greater were eight times more likely to have used a purchased product. Use of natural measures was correlated with lower income and educational level. Thirty-six percent of respondents reported having heard or seen information on malaria in the previous year. Use of household malaria preventive measures in Malawi is very low and imcome-dependent. Educational messages are required to improve understanding and use of affordable measures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ZIBA, C (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 70 EP 73 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000019 PM 7915045 ER PT J AU ETTLING, M MCFARLAND, DA SCHULTZ, LJ CHITSULO, L AF ETTLING, M MCFARLAND, DA SCHULTZ, LJ CHITSULO, L TI ECONOMIC-IMPACT OF MALARIA IN MALAWIAN HOUSEHOLDS SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Household heads were questioned about household income and household expenditures on the treatment or prevention of malaria in a nationwide malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey conducted in Malawi in 1992. Very low income households with an average annual income of $ 68 constituted 52 % of the sampled households. The primary income source for these households was farm production (92 %), with the majority of goods produced consumed by the household and not available as discretionary income. Expenditure on malaria prevention varied with household income level. Only 4 % of very low income households spent resources on malaria preventive measures compared to 16 % of other households. In contrast, over 40 % of all households, independent of income level, reported expenditures on malaria treatment. Almost half of the reported malaria cases sought treatment at a health facility at a cost of $ 0.21 per child case and $ 0.63 per adult case. The overall direct expenditure on treatment of malaria illness in household members was $ 19.13 per year (28 % of annual income) among very low income households and $ 19.84 per year (2 % of annual income) among low to high income households. The indirect cost of malaria, calculated on the basis of days of work lost, was $ 2.13 per year (3.1 % of annual income) among very low income households and $ 20.61 per year (2.2 % of annual income) among low to high income households. Very low income households carried a disproportionate share of the economic burden of malaria, with total direct and indirect cost of malaria among these households consuming 32 % of annual household income compared to 4.2 % among households in the low to high income categories. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. RP ETTLING, M (reprint author), US AGCY INT DEV,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA, USA. NR 7 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 74 EP 79 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000020 PM 8066390 ER PT J AU MACHESO, A ZIBA, C NWANYANWU, OC STEKETEE, RW ETTLING, M SCHULTZ, LJ CHITSULO, L NYASULU, Y AF MACHESO, A ZIBA, C NWANYANWU, OC STEKETEE, RW ETTLING, M SCHULTZ, LJ CHITSULO, L NYASULU, Y TI MALARIA KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES IN MALAWI - POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NATIONAL-MALARIA-CONTROL-PROGRAM SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. US AGCY INT DEV,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL PROJECT,ARLINGTON,VA. RP MACHESO, A (reprint author), MINIST HLTH,COMMUNITY HLTH SCI UNIT,LILONGWE,MALAWI. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 45 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA NG100 UT WOS:A1994NG10000021 PM 7915046 ER PT J AU FELDMANN, H NICHOL, ST KLENK, HD PETERS, CJ SANCHEZ, A AF FELDMANN, H NICHOL, ST KLENK, HD PETERS, CJ SANCHEZ, A TI CHARACTERIZATION OF FILOVIRUSES BASED ON DIFFERENCES IN STRUCTURE AND ANTIGENICITY OF THE VIRION GLYCOPROTEIN SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MARBURG-VIRUS DISEASE; FOCUS-FORMING VIRUS; EBOLA VIRUS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCOSYLATION; CARBOHYDRATE; POLYPEPTIDES; PROTEINS; VACCINIA; TYPE-1 AB Eight different filovirus isolates, representing major episodes of filovirus hemorrhagic disease, were propagated for structural and antigenetic analyses of their glycoprotein (GP). Carbohydrate analysis revealed that N- and O-glycosylation are features of filovirus GPs. Oligosaccharide side chains differed in their sialylation pattern and seemed to be cell line-dependent. Marburg virus (MBG) isolates are clearly distinguished from Ebola (EBO) and Reston viruses by a lack of terminal sialic acids when propagated in E6 and MA-104 cells. It was also determined that GP-specific antisera failed to show any cross-reactivity between MBG isolates and other filoviruses. These data, together with prior findings, indicate that the genus Filovirus can be divided into a MBG group and EBO group. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST VIROL,D-35037 MARBURG,GERMANY. NR 33 TC 93 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR PY 1994 VL 199 IS 2 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1006/viro.1994.1147 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA MY848 UT WOS:A1994MY84800025 PM 8122375 ER PT J AU ROTA, JS WANG, ZD ROTA, PA BELLINI, WJ AF ROTA, JS WANG, ZD ROTA, PA BELLINI, WJ TI COMPARISON OF SEQUENCES OF THE H, F, AND N CODING GENES OF MEASLES-VIRUS VACCINE STRAINS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE MEASLES; VACCINE; ATTENUATION ID JERYL-LYNN-MORATEN; BIASED HYPERMUTATION; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; INFANTS; SCHWARZ AB Many live-attenuated vaccines for measles virus have been developed using either the prototype Edmonston strain or other locally isolated measles strains. The attenuation methods used to develop these vaccines have differed in the type(s) of cell line(s) used, number of passages, and temperatures of incubation. To assess the extent of genetic diversity within vaccine strains and to determine the extent to which the varied passage histories may have affected the viruses, we conducted sequence analyses of the fusion, hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and matrix genes of Edmonston-derived and non-Edmonston-derived strains. Despite the diverse geographic origins of the vaccine viruses and the different attenuation methods used, there was remarkable sequence similarity among all strains examined. The sequences of all of the vaccine strains were very similar to the sequences of a low-passage seed of the original Edmonston strain. The most divergent sequences were from two of the non-Edmonston-derived vaccines: CAM-70, a vaccine developed from a Japanese wild-type virus, and S-191, which was developed in China. RP ROTA, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS LAB,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 157 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 1994 VL 31 IS 3 BP 317 EP 330 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90025-6 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA NA949 UT WOS:A1994NA94900004 PM 8191786 ER PT J AU DENKE, MA SEMPOS, CT GRUNDY, SM AF DENKE, MA SEMPOS, CT GRUNDY, SM TI EXCESS BODY-WEIGHT - AN UNDER-RECOGNIZED CONTRIBUTOR TO DYSLIPIDEMIA IN WHITE AMERICAN WOMEN SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; FAT DISTRIBUTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; ARTERY DISEASE; COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B AB Background: Whether the association between excess body weight and dyslipidemia is consistent across different age ranges in women has yet to be determined. Methods: The relationship between body weight adjusted for height as calculated by body mass index (BMI; kilograms per square meter) and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in white women was examined using cross-sectional data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mean lipid levels were determined for six different categories of BMI: (1) 21.0 or less: (2) 21.1 to 23.0; (3) 23.1 to 25.0; (4) 25.1 to 27.0; (5) 27.1 to 30.0; and (6) more than 30.0, and three age groups: premenopausal women, 20 through 44 years; perimenopausal women, 45 through 59 years; and postmenopausal women, 60 through 74 years. Results: Compared with BMI category 2, a BMI in category 5 for premenopausal women was associated with 0.46 mmol/L (18 mg/dL) higher total cholesterol levels, 0.68 mmol/L (26 mg/dL) higher non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, and 0.44 mmol/L (17 mg/ dL) higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. For perimenopausal women and postmenopausal women the same change in BMI was associated with much smaller differences in total cholesterol of 0.16 and 0.16 mmol/L (6 and 5 mg/dL), non-HDL of 0.24 and 0.20 mmol/L (9 and 8 mg/dL), and LDL levels of 0.13 and 0.03 mmol/L (5 and 1 mg/dL). More impressively, rising BMI was associated with consistently higher triglyceride levels of 0.54 to 0.40 mmol/L (48 to 35 mg/dl) and consistently lower HDL levels of 0.23 to 0.13 mmol/L (9 to 5 mg/dL), in all three age groups. Conclusion: For young women, excess body weight was associated with higher total, non-HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels, higher triglyceride levels, and lower HDL-cholesterol levels. In older women, although similar differences in triglyceride levels and HDL-cholesterol levels were observed, excess body weight was associated with smaller differences in total, non-HDL, and LDL cholesterol. More striking than the weight-associated differences in total, non-HDL, and LDL-cholesterol levels were the differences in these lipid parameters observed with age alone. Specifically, age category differences were twofold to eightfold greater than differences observed between categories of BMI within a given age. Nevertheless, because the lower HDL cholesterol concentrations associated with excess body weight were age independent, total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol ratios were highest in obese postmenopausal women. Although age and hormonal status are important affecters of lipoprotein risk factors, body weight also worsens the degree of dyslipidemia in white women. C1 UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DEPT INTERNAL MED, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, DEPT BIOCHEM & CLIN NUTR, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR HLTH STAT, DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD USA. RP UNIV TEXAS, SW MED CTR, CTR HUMAN NUTR, 5323 HARRY HINES BLVD, DALLAS, TX 75235 USA. NR 97 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0003-9926 EI 1538-3679 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 1994 VL 154 IS 4 BP 401 EP 410 DI 10.1001/archinte.154.4.401 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MY631 UT WOS:A1994MY63100007 ER PT J AU SATCHER, D ERIKSEN, M AF SATCHER, D ERIKSEN, M TI THE PARADOX OF TOBACCO CONTROL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SATCHER, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DIRECTORS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 23 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 8 BP 627 EP 628 DI 10.1001/jama.271.8.627 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MW477 UT WOS:A1994MW47700029 PM 8301798 ER PT J AU SANDS, L RUTHERFORD, GW HOFFMAN, RE SFAKIANAKI, E HOPKINS, RS PEROTTO, R FLEISSNER, ML ALFANO, D MCFARLAND, L OSTERHOLM, MT DAMROW, TA DISALVO, A SEWELL, CM SHIRELEY, LA FLEMING, D SENGER, KA SIMPSON, DM AF SANDS, L RUTHERFORD, GW HOFFMAN, RE SFAKIANAKI, E HOPKINS, RS PEROTTO, R FLEISSNER, ML ALFANO, D MCFARLAND, L OSTERHOLM, MT DAMROW, TA DISALVO, A SEWELL, CM SHIRELEY, LA FLEMING, D SENGER, KA SIMPSON, DM TI HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME, UNITED-STATES 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, PG 43, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. FLORIDA DEPT H & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. IDAHO DEPT HLTH & WELFARE,DIV HLTH,BOISE,ID. INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,TOPEKA,KS. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. MONTANA STATE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM SCI,HELENA,MT. NEVADA STATE DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,CARSON CITY,NV. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. N DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,BISMARCK,ND. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,STATE HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. S DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH,PIERRE,SD. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. USA,MED RES INST INFECT DIS,FREDERICK,MD 21701. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP SANDS, L (reprint author), ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 16 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 7 BP 498 EP 498 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MV423 UT WOS:A1994MV42300012 ER PT J AU DEMING, M JAITEH, KO OTTEN, MW AF DEMING, M JAITEH, KO OTTEN, MW TI EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS IN THE GAMBIA FOLLOWING THE CONTROL OF POLIOMYELITIS AS AN ENDEMIC DISEASE .2. CLINICAL EFFICACY OF TRIVALENT POLIO VACCINE - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 MINIST HLTH & SOCIAL WELFARE,DEPT MED & HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL & STAT UNIT,BANJUL,GAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. RP DEMING, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 4 BP 450 EP 451 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MY894 UT WOS:A1994MY89400017 ER PT J AU LAL, RB OWEN, SM SEGURADO, AAC GONGORABIACHI, RA AF LAL, RB OWEN, SM SEGURADO, AAC GONGORABIACHI, RA TI MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II) SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; MILK C1 CTR INVEST REG MERIDA,YUCATAN,MEXICO. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Segurado, Aluisio/K-2229-2012 OI Segurado, Aluisio/0000-0002-6311-8036 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 120 IS 4 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MW103 UT WOS:A1994MW10300007 PM 8291823 ER PT J AU BUSCH, MP LAYCOCK, M KLEINMAN, SH WAGES, JW CALABRO, M KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF HOLLINGSWORTH, CG NASS, C JACKSON, CM OWNBY, H HUTCHING, S MURPHY, EL GILCHER, RO SCHREIBER, GB THOMSON, R NEMO, GJ ZUCK, T AF BUSCH, MP LAYCOCK, M KLEINMAN, SH WAGES, JW CALABRO, M KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF HOLLINGSWORTH, CG NASS, C JACKSON, CM OWNBY, H HUTCHING, S MURPHY, EL GILCHER, RO SCHREIBER, GB THOMSON, R NEMO, GJ ZUCK, T TI ACCURACY OF SUPPLEMENTARY SEROLOGIC TESTING FOR HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II IN US BLOOD-DONORS SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-I; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; CONFIRMATION; IMMUNOBLOT; ASSAY; PCR C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT LAB MED, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. WESTAT CORP, MED COORDINATING CTR, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA 90024 USA. SRA TECHNOL INC, SUPPORTING LAB, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. NHLBI, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. AMER RED CROSS, BLOOD SERV GREATER CHESAPEAKE & POTOMAC REG, CTR BLOOD, HOLLAND LAB, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. AMER RED CROSS, BLOOD SERV SE MICHIGAN REG, CTR BLOOD, DETROIT, MI USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, MED CTR,AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV SO CALIF REG, CTR BLOOD, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. OKLAHOMA BLOOD INST, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK USA. HOXWORTH BLOOD CTR, CINCINNATI, OH USA. RP BUSCH, MP (reprint author), UCSF, IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR, CTR BLOOD, 270 MASONIC AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97077] NR 25 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1148 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MW692 UT WOS:A1994MW69200034 PM 8111054 ER PT J AU GENCO, CA BERISH, SA CHEN, CY MORSE, S TREES, DL AF GENCO, CA BERISH, SA CHEN, CY MORSE, S TREES, DL TI GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE IRON-BINDING PROTEIN (FBP) GENE OF THE PATHOGENIC AND COMMENSAL NEISSERIA SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NEISSERIA MENINGITIDES; FBP; IRON ACQUISITION ID REGULATED PROTEIN; GONORRHOEAE; MENINGITIDIS; COMMON; DNA; CLONING; ANTIGEN AB The pathogenic Neisseria and most commensal Neisseria species produce an iron-binding protein (Fbp) when grown under iron-limited conditions. In the current study, we confirmed the presence of Fbp, as well as DNA sequences homologous to the gonococcal fbp, in strains of N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, N. cinerea, N. lactamica, N.subflava, N.kochii and N. polysaccharea. The fbp genes from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, digested with StuI or RsaI, and the restriction patterns examined. The patterns for the gonococcal and meningococcal fbp were virtually identical; however, variations were observed in the fbp sequences of the commensal Neisseria species. N. flavescens, N. mucosa, N. sicca, N. ovis and Branhamella catarrhalis, did not produce Fbp as detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reactivity with an Fbp specific monoclonal antibody, nor did they hybridize to an fbp-specific DNA probe. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GENCO, CA (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30797] NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 116 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MZ478 UT WOS:A1994MZ47800001 PM 8150256 ER PT J AU CLARK, KA NEILL, SU SMITH, JS WILSON, PJ WHADFORD, VW MCKIRAHAN, GW AF CLARK, KA NEILL, SU SMITH, JS WILSON, PJ WHADFORD, VW MCKIRAHAN, GW TI EPIZOOTIC CANINE RABIES TRANSMITTED BY COYOTES IN SOUTH TEXAS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Prior to 1988, rabies was reported only sporadically in coyotes. However, in the final 4 months of 1988, Starr County, Tex, which is situated on the US-Mexico border experienced an epizootic of canine rabies, consisting of 6 laboratory-confirmed cases of rabies in coyotes and of 2 cases in domestic dogs. The first 3 cases were detected in coyotes, and the first case in a domestic dog was observed 84 days after the index case. Adjacent Hidalgo County reported 9 cases of rabies in dogs during the same time that rabid dogs were being reported in Starr County. In 1989, the epizootic primarily involved dogs: 15 dogs in Starr County and 19 dogs in Hidalgo County. Five rabid coyotes were reported in Starr County in 1989, and 1 rabid coyote was reported front Hidalgo County. In 1990, rabies was reported in 3 coyotes and in 31 dogs in Starr County; cases were not detected in Hidalgo County. During 1991, the epizootic expanded approximately 160 km northward, resulting in laboratory-confirmed cases in 42 coyotes and 25 dogs in 10 counties. In 1992, Webb and Willacy Counties became involved; 70 rabid coyotes and 41 rabid dogs were reported in 1992 from the 12-county area. During the first 6 months of 1993, there were 31 rabid coyotes and 38 rabid dogs reported from the same 12 south Texas counties. In May 1993, a raccoon infected with the canine rabies ecotype was reported from Cameron County. Antigenic and genetic analysis revealed the virus ecotype affecting dogs and coyotes to be that associated with urban canine rabies along the US-Mexico border. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,BUR LABS,AUSTIN,TX 78756. RP CLARK, KA (reprint author), TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV ZOONOSIS CONTROL,1100 W 49TH ST,AUSTIN,TX 78756, USA. NR 6 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1994 VL 204 IS 4 BP 536 EP 540 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA MX072 UT WOS:A1994MX07200017 PM 8163414 ER PT J AU HART, C GALPHIN, J AF HART, C GALPHIN, J TI AN HIV-1 TAR RNA-BINDING PROTEIN IN HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 12-CONTAINING HUMAN-HAMSTER HYBRID-CELLS IS TAR LOOP SPECIFIC SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 13 PY 1994 SU 18C BP 133 EP 133 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MY175 UT WOS:A1994MY17500474 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS LAL, RB LAIRMORE, MD AF DEZZUTTI, CS LAL, RB LAIRMORE, MD TI ANALYSIS OF THE P53 TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN IN HTLV-I/II-INFECTED CELL-LINES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR RETROVIRUS RES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 13 PY 1994 SU 18C BP 213 EP 213 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MY175 UT WOS:A1994MY17500758 ER PT J AU PARDI, D FOLKS, TM LAL, RB AF PARDI, D FOLKS, TM LAL, RB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXTENDED TAX PROTEIN IN HTLV-II SUBTYPE-B ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD FEB 13 PY 1994 SU 18C BP 216 EP 216 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA MY175 UT WOS:A1994MY17500768 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM ZADI, F ADJORLOLO, G DIALLO, MO SASSANMOROKRO, M EKPINI, E SIBAILLY, T DOORLY, R BATTER, V BRATTEGAARD, K GAYLE, H AF DECOCK, KM ZADI, F ADJORLOLO, G DIALLO, MO SASSANMOROKRO, M EKPINI, E SIBAILLY, T DOORLY, R BATTER, V BRATTEGAARD, K GAYLE, H TI RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MATERNAL HIV-1 AND HIV-2 INFECTIONS AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN ABIDJAN, COTE-DIVOIRE SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IVORY-COAST; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; WEST-AFRICA; PREVALENCE; TYPE-2; AIDS; MORTALITY; INFANTS; BISSAU AB Objectives-To compare the effects of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections on outcome of pregnancy, infant mortality, and child survival, and to measure serological concordance between mothers and children. Design-Retrospective cohort study with cross sectional study of concordance for HIV antibodies. Setting-Hospital, tuberculosis clinic, and maternal and child health centre in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, west Africa. Subjects-986 women who had had a total of 2758 pregnancies since 1980, The last born children of 194 of these women. Main outcome measures-Pregnancy outcomes; mortality for all children born since 1980; and outcome for last born children. Serological concordance between mothers and last born children. Results-Women with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections had higher rates of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth than uninfected women (86/769 in HIV-1 positive women, 48/421 in HIV-2 positive, 31/234 in dually reactive, and 96/1131 in uninfected). Compared with children born to uninfected mothers (mortality 10.3%), greater proportions of children of HIV-1 positive (20.6%) and dually reactive (20.3%) mothers had died; mortality in children of HIV-2 infected women (13.1%) was not significantly increased. Infant mortalities for the last born children of HIV-1 positive, dually reactive, HTV3 positive, and seronegative women were, respectively, 133, 82, 32, and 40 per 1000 live births. Nine of 77 last born children of HIV-1 positive mothers were concordantly seropositive compared with none of 21 children of HIV-2 infected mothers. Conclusions-Maternal HIV-2 infection has less influence on child survival than infection with HIV-1, probably because of a lower vertical transmission rate. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. PROJET RETRO CI,DATA MANAGEMENT SECT,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. PROJET RETRO CI,LAB SECT,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD FEB 12 PY 1994 VL 308 IS 6926 BP 441 EP 443 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MW976 UT WOS:A1994MW97600020 PM 8124173 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG AF ESCOBEDO, LG TI DRINKING AND DRIVING AMONG US HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 12 PY 1994 VL 343 IS 8894 BP 421 EP 422 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91258-0 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MW283 UT WOS:A1994MW28300049 PM 7905577 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW AF NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW TI ABILITY OF OPTILYSE LYSING/FIXING REAGENTS TO INACTIVATE HIV-INFECTED H9 CELLS IN WHOLE-BLOOD SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD FEB 10 PY 1994 VL 168 IS 2 BP 283 EP 284 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(94)90066-3 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA MX059 UT WOS:A1994MX05900016 PM 8308303 ER PT J AU BOUDREAU, DR SPADAFORA, MP WOLF, LR SIEGEL, E AF BOUDREAU, DR SPADAFORA, MP WOLF, LR SIEGEL, E TI CARBON-MONOXIDE LEVELS DURING INDOOR SPORTING EVENTS - CINCINNATI, 1992-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 21-23, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,SCH MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. WRIGHT STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DAYTON,OH 45435. CINCINNATI DRUG & POISON INFORMAT CTR,CINCINNATI,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BOUDREAU, DR (reprint author), CINCINNATI HLTH DEPT,CINCINNATI,OH, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 6 BP 419 EP 419 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU491 UT WOS:A1994MU49100004 ER PT J AU BLOCK, S HEDRICK, J WRIGHT, P FINGER, R LEGGIADRO, R APPLETON, M KAHN, S HUTCHESON, R AF BLOCK, S HEDRICK, J WRIGHT, P FINGER, R LEGGIADRO, R APPLETON, M KAHN, S HUTCHESON, R TI DRUG-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE - KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 23-25, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,FRANKFORT,KY 40621. LEBONHEUR CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,MEMPHIS,TN. UNIV TENNESSEE CTR HLTH SCI,DEPT INTERNAL MED,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. MEMPHIS SHELBY CTY HLTH DEPT,MEMPHIS,TN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,CHILD & ADULT IMMUNIZAT BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAMS,SPECIAL STUDIES ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 6 BP 421 EP 422 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU491 UT WOS:A1994MU49100005 ER PT J AU INGLE, D OWEN, P JONES, L PERRY, S CASSIDY, S MIDDAUGH, JP AF INGLE, D OWEN, P JONES, L PERRY, S CASSIDY, S MIDDAUGH, JP TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME AWARENESS - ALASKA, 1991 AND 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 3-6, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS & PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP INGLE, D (reprint author), ALASKA DIV PUBL HLTH,JUNEAU,AK 99801, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 6 BP 422 EP 423 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU491 UT WOS:A1994MU49100006 ER PT J AU WOOLF, GM ROJTER, SE VILLAMIL, FG VIERLING, JM KATKOV, W STERMITZ, FR BECK, JJ AF WOOLF, GM ROJTER, SE VILLAMIL, FG VIERLING, JM KATKOV, W STERMITZ, FR BECK, JJ TI JIN-BU-HUAN TOXICITY IN ADULTS - LOS-ANGELES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 920-922, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ST JOHNS HOSP,SANTA MONICA,CA. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,AGR EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WOOLF, GM (reprint author), CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,HEPATOL SECT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 6 BP 423 EP 424 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU491 UT WOS:A1994MU49100007 ER PT J AU CHOWDHURY, NH FOWLER, C MYCROFT, FJ JUNG, BC LEHNHERR, M GERGELY, R KEYVANLARIJANI, E RABIN, R CARR, A SOLET, D GERWEL, B STONE, R BARNETT, M GOSTIN, J MARINO, R PERROTTA, DM BEAUDOIN, D TOOF, L KAUFMAN, J HIGGINS, D AF CHOWDHURY, NH FOWLER, C MYCROFT, FJ JUNG, BC LEHNHERR, M GERGELY, R KEYVANLARIJANI, E RABIN, R CARR, A SOLET, D GERWEL, B STONE, R BARNETT, M GOSTIN, J MARINO, R PERROTTA, DM BEAUDOIN, D TOOF, L KAUFMAN, J HIGGINS, D TI ADULT-BLOOD LEAD EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE - UNITED-STATES, 3RD QUARTER, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 43, PG 15-17, 1994) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,OCCUPAT HLTH BRANCH,BERKELEY,CA 94704. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,OCCUPAT DIS REGISTRY,SPRINGFIELD,IL. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT LABOR & IND,DIV OCCUPAT HYG,BOSTON,MA. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR CHILD & FAMILY SERV,LANSING,MI. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT DIS PREVENT PROJECT,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. PENN DEPT HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,HARRISBURG,PA. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. UTAH DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & HLTH PROMOT,BURLINGTON,VT. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT LAB & IND,OLYMPIA,WA. MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM,LEAD POISONING PREVENT PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,NY. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,DIV HLTH HAZARD EVALUAT,COLUMBIA,SC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHOWDHURY, NH (reprint author), ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL 36111, USA. RI Kaufman, Joel/B-5761-2008 OI Kaufman, Joel/0000-0003-4174-9037 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 6 BP 424 EP 424 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU491 UT WOS:A1994MU49100008 ER PT J AU PERKINS, BA WENGER, JD AF PERKINS, BA WENGER, JD TI CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP PERKINS, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 3 PY 1994 VL 330 IS 5 BP 371 EP 371 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU489 UT WOS:A1994MU48900030 ER PT J AU SMYTH, L SWOPE, S WISER, L REED, GT PETERSON, ED FRENCH, RA SMITH, FW HALPIN, TJ SOMANI, PJ EMIG, M LIU, RR STORMS, K MELCHER, GP DOLAN, MJ SCHUERMANN, J SIMPSON, DM KONDRACKI, SF CSIZA, CK DUNCAN, RA BIRKHEAD, GS MORSE, DL AF SMYTH, L SWOPE, S WISER, L REED, GT PETERSON, ED FRENCH, RA SMITH, FW HALPIN, TJ SOMANI, PJ EMIG, M LIU, RR STORMS, K MELCHER, GP DOLAN, MJ SCHUERMANN, J SIMPSON, DM KONDRACKI, SF CSIZA, CK DUNCAN, RA BIRKHEAD, GS MORSE, DL TI OUTBREAKS OF MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE RESPIRATORY-INFECTION - OHIO, TEXAS, AND NEW-YORK, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 931, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH. USAF,WASHINGTON,DC 20330. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SMYTH, L (reprint author), WARREN CTY COMBINED HLTH DIST,LEBANON,PA, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 5 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR983 UT WOS:A1994MR98300005 ER PT J AU WILHELM, J KENYON, T MIHALEK, E BRUSEALAS, K SHULMAN, S BERGMAN, E DAUM, R FRANCIS, BJ ROBINSON, D ADCOCK, M DANIELS, J WELLS, V CHRISTIE, C REISING, S HALPIN, TJ FINGER, R AF WILHELM, J KENYON, T MIHALEK, E BRUSEALAS, K SHULMAN, S BERGMAN, E DAUM, R FRANCIS, BJ ROBINSON, D ADCOCK, M DANIELS, J WELLS, V CHRISTIE, C REISING, S HALPIN, TJ FINGER, R TI RESURGENCE OF PERTUSSIS - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM VOL 42, PG 952, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID COMMUNITY; VACCINE C1 CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,CHICAGO,IL 60614. WYLER CHILDRENS HOSP,CHICAGO,IL. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL. CINCINNATI HLTH DEPT,CINCINNATI,OH. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH. KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,KENTUCKY CABINET HUMAN RESOURCES,FRANKFORT,KY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WILHELM, J (reprint author), CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 5 BP 340 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR983 UT WOS:A1994MR98300008 ER PT J AU LIEU, TA COCHI, SL BLACK, SB HALLORAN, ME SHINEFIELD, HR HOLMES, SJ WHARTON, M WASHINGTON, AE AF LIEU, TA COCHI, SL BLACK, SB HALLORAN, ME SHINEFIELD, HR HOLMES, SJ WHARTON, M WASHINGTON, AE TI COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF A ROUTINE VARICELLA VACCINATION PROGRAM FOR UNITED-STATES CHILDREN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; ACYCLOVIR TREATMENT; IMMUNIZATION; CHICKENPOX; ZOSTER; LEUKEMIA; COMPLICATIONS; ADOLESCENTS; EFFICACY; BENEFITS AB Objective.-To evaluate the economic consequences of a routine varicella vaccination program that targets healthy children, Methods.-Decision analysis was used to compare the costs, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of a routine vaccination program with no intervention. Clinical outcomes were based on a mathematical model of vaccine efficacy that relied on published and unpublished data and on expert opinion. Medical utilization rates and costs were collected from multiple sources, including the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program and the California Hospital Discharge Database. Results.-A routine varicella vaccination program for healthy children would prevent 94% of all potential cases of chickenpox, provided the vaccination coverage rate is 97% at school entry. lt would cost approximately $162 million annually if one dose of vaccine per child were recommended at a cost of $35 per dose. From the societal perspective, which includes work-loss costs as well as medical costs, the program would save more than $5 for every dollar invested in vaccination. However, from the health care payer's perspective (medical costs only), the program would cost approximately $2 per chickenpox case prevented, or $2500 per life-year saved. The medical cost of disease prevention was sensitive to the vaccination coverage rate and vaccine price but was relatively insensitive to assumptions about vaccine efficacy within plausible ranges. An additional program for catch-up vaccination of 12-year-olds would have high incremental costs if the vaccination coverage rate of children of preschool age were 97%, but would result in net savings at a coverage rate of 50%. Conclusions.-A routine varicella vaccination program for healthy children would result in net savings from the societal perspective, which includes work-loss costs as well as medical costs. Compared with other prevention programs, it would also be relatively cost-effective from the health care payers perspective. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON CLIN SCHOLARS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,SURVEILLANCE INVEST & RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. KAISER PERMANENTE PEDIAT VACCINE STUDY CTR,OAKLAND,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV GEN PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,MEDTEP RES CTR MINOR POPULAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP LIEU, TA (reprint author), PERMANENTE MED GRP INC,DIV RES,3451 PIEDMONT AVE,OAKLAND,CA 94611, USA. NR 41 TC 292 Z9 298 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 1994 VL 271 IS 5 BP 375 EP 381 DI 10.1001/jama.271.5.375 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MR983 UT WOS:A1994MR98300033 PM 8283587 ER PT J AU BALAYAN, M BHAMARAPRAVATI, N BURKE, D CHANDLER, DK DESROSIERS, R SCHILD, G SCHULTZ, A SHAW, GM STOTT, J WEISS, R WIGZELL, H DOWDLE, WR GIRARD, M GOUDSMIT, J GUIMARAES, CS KIENY, MP MBIDDE, EK ROSCAMABBING, EW ESPARZA, J HEYMANN, DL HEYWARD, WL KALLINGS, LO MERSON, MH OSMANOV, S SABA, J AF BALAYAN, M BHAMARAPRAVATI, N BURKE, D CHANDLER, DK DESROSIERS, R SCHILD, G SCHULTZ, A SHAW, GM STOTT, J WEISS, R WIGZELL, H DOWDLE, WR GIRARD, M GOUDSMIT, J GUIMARAES, CS KIENY, MP MBIDDE, EK ROSCAMABBING, EW ESPARZA, J HEYMANN, DL HEYWARD, WL KALLINGS, LO MERSON, MH OSMANOV, S SABA, J TI FEASIBILITY OF DEVELOPING LIVE ATTENUATED HIV VACCINES - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID GENE C1 MOSCOW POLIOMYELITIS & VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. MAHIDOL UNIV,BANGKOK 10700,THAILAND. WALTER REED ARMY INST,ROCKVILLE,MD. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,NEW ENGLAND REG PRIMATE RES CTR,SOUTHBOROUGH,MA 01772. NATL INST BIOL STAND & CONTROLS,POTTERS BAR EN6 3QG,HERTS,ENGLAND. NIAID,DIV AIDS,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL. INST CANC RES,CHESTER BEATTY LABS,LONDON SW3 6JB,ENGLAND. KAROLINSKA INST,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. INST PASTEUR,PARIS,FRANCE. UNIV AMSTERDAM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. INST MED TROP,SAO PAULO,SP,BRAZIL. WHO,STEERING COMM VACCINE DEV,GENEVA,SWITZERLAND. TRANSGENE SA,STRASBOURG,FRANCE. MULAGO HOSP,KAMPALA,UGANDA. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 10 IS 2 BP 221 EP 222 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MZ149 UT WOS:A1994MZ14900016 ER PT J AU PARKINSON, AJ CRUZ, AL HEYWARD, WL BULKOW, LR HALL, D BARSTAED, L CONNOR, WE AF PARKINSON, AJ CRUZ, AL HEYWARD, WL BULKOW, LR HALL, D BARSTAED, L CONNOR, WE TI ELEVATED CONCENTRATIONS OF PLASMA OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS AMONG ALASKAN ESKIMOS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION; EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; ESKIMO; NATIVE DIET; BLEEDING TIME ID DIET; LIPIDS; RICH AB Eskimos living in rural southwestern Alaska depend on fish and marine mammals as major sources of subsistence food. Fatty acid concentrations in 80 Yupik Eskimos living in either a coastal or river village of southwestern Alaska were compared with those of non-Native control subjects. Concentrations of total plasma omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega-3) were 4.3, 13, and 6.8 times higher, respectively, in Native participants than in non-Native control subjects. Concentrations of these fatty acids were higher in coastal-village than in river-village participants; concentrations paralleled consumption of marine mammal oil and marine fish. The ratios of eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid for adult coastal- and river-village participants were 1.16 and 0.70, respectively, 14 and 9 times those of non-Native adults, respectively. There was no increase in the mean bleeding times of Native participants of either village. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT MED,CLIN NUTR & LIPID METAB SECT,PORTLAND,OR 97201. RP PARKINSON, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,225 EAGLE ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 17 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 59 IS 2 BP 384 EP 388 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA MV014 UT WOS:A1994MV01400012 PM 8310989 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GL PIESMAN, J MITCHELL, PD QUAN, TJ REED, KD DENNIS, DT AF CAMPBELL, GL PIESMAN, J MITCHELL, PD QUAN, TJ REED, KD DENNIS, DT TI AN EVALUATION OF MEDIA FOR TRANSPORT OF TISSUES INFECTED WITH BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; COLUMBIA MEDIUM; CULTURE; LYME DISEASE; TRANSPORT MEDIUM ID ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; CULTIVATION AB Currently, the best medium for culture of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSR), or its modifications. This medium is complex, expensive, and laborious to prepare. A recent report suggested that a less expensive and simpler medium, hypertonic Columbia broth, might be useful as a transport medium for human tissues infected with B burgdorferi. To test this observation, hypertonic Columbia broth, Amies broth, distilled water, physiologic saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and modified Stuart medium were compared with BSK II as transport media, using ear and tail tissue samples from B burgdorferi-infected laboratory mice and using holding times and temperatures simulating actual transport conditions. The results showed BSK II to be markedly superior to the other media tested, although B burgdorferi remained viable in a few tissue samples held at room temperature in hypertonic Columbia broth, physiologic saline, or PBS for up to 2 days. Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly II continues to be the best medium for transport of tissues infected with B burgdorferi. C1 MARSHFIELD MED CTR LAB,MICROBIOL SECT,MARSHFIELD,WI. RP CAMPBELL, GL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 101 IS 2 BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA MW510 UT WOS:A1994MW51000006 PM 8116569 ER PT J AU EGELAND, GM SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA WILLE, KK SCHNORR, TM HALPERIN, WE AF EGELAND, GM SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA WILLE, KK SCHNORR, TM HALPERIN, WE TI TOTAL SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND GONADOTROPINS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO DIOXIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIOXINS; FSH; LH; TESTOSTERONE ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN-TREATED MALE-RATS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; RECEPTOR; "2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TOXICITY; RESPONSIVENESS; PROGESTERONE; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; ANDROGENS AB Human reproductive endocrine data may be an important source of epidemiologic information in regard to the toxic potential of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). The association of serum dioxin with total serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone was examined in 248 chemical production workers from New Jersey and Missouri plants and 231 nonexposed neighborhood referents who participated in a medical evaluation in 1987. In linear regression analyses, current serum dioxin was positively and significantly related to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and inversely related to total testosterone after adjustment for potential confounders (p < 0.05). These trends were also apparent in logistic regression analyses, in which the authors examined the odds ratios of high luteinizing hormone (>28 IU/liter), high follicle-stimulating hormone (>31 IU/liter), and low testosterone (<10.4 nmol/liter) by serum dioxin quartiles. There was a greater prevalence of high luteinizing hormone among workers in the second (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.7-5.5), third (OR = 2.5, 95% Cl 0.9-7.3), and fourth (OR = 1.9, 95% Cl 0.7-5.0) quartiles of serum dioxin compared with referents. For follicle-stimulating hormone, the authors observed a greater prevalence of high follicle-stimulating hormone among workers in the fourth quartile (OR = 2.0, 95% Cl 0.7-5.6) compared with referents. Similarly, the prevalence of low testosterone was two to four times greater among workers in the second (OR = 3.9, 95% Cl 1.3-11.3), third (OR = 2.7, 95% Cl 0.9-8.2), and fourth quartiles (OR = 2.1, 95% Cl 0.8-5.8) than among referents. The trends observed in these data offer human evidence of alterations in male reproductive hormone levels associated with dioxin exposure. The results support the animal literature in which dioxin-related effects have been observed on the hypothalamic-pituitary-Leydig-cell axis and on testosterone synthesis. C1 NIOSH, DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 45 TC 123 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 139 IS 3 BP 272 EP 281 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MX218 UT WOS:A1994MX21800005 PM 8116602 ER PT J AU CHORBA, TL HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW CLARKE, MJ EVATT, BL AF CHORBA, TL HOLMAN, RC STRINE, TW CLARKE, MJ EVATT, BL TI CHANGES IN LONGEVITY AND CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG PERSONS WITH HEMOPHILIA-A SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; MORTALITY; HEMOPHILIA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NON-B HEPATITIS; FACTOR-VIII; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-TRANSFUSIONS; HIV TRANSMISSION; SCREENED BLOOD; LIVER-DISEASE; NON-A; INFECTION AB To examine recent changes in longevity and the causes of death among persons with hemophilia A, we evaluated death certificate data for persons who died in the United States from 1968 through 1989 and had hemophilia A or congenital Factor VIII disorder (ICD code 286.0) listed on the death certificate as one of the multiple causes of death. Multiple-cause-of-death mortality data for the United States from 1968 to 1989 were examined to compare death rates by year, focusing on death rates and causes of death for 1979-1981, 1983-1985, and 1987-1989. Gender, age group, race, geographic region, and median age at death of persons with hemophilia A and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related disease listed as a cause of death were compared with those with hemophilia A without HIV-related disease. From 1968 through 1989, 2,792 hemophilia A deaths were reported. The death rate increased from 0.5 to 1.3 per 1,000,000 persons. From 1979-1981 through 1987-1989, mortality increased in all age groups above 9 years of age and age at death shifted markedly to lower ages. Median age at death decreased from 57 years in 1979-1981 to 40 years in 1987-1989. The percentage of deaths due to hemorrhage or diseases of the circulatory system decreased markedly as the result of the increase in deaths associated with HIV infection or infections other than HIV infection. Spread of HIV-1 infection in persons with hemophilia A has disrupted the reduction in mortality seen with factor replacement therapy, implementation of home care, and use of comprehensive hemophilia treatment centers. It is hoped that advances in the care of HIV-infected persons will improve survival in the hemophilia community. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP CHORBA, TL (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NCIPC,K60,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 66 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 45 IS 2 BP 112 EP 121 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830450204 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MT949 UT WOS:A1994MT94900003 PM 8141117 ER PT J AU SAVITZ, DA BOYLE, CA HOLMGREEN, P AF SAVITZ, DA BOYLE, CA HOLMGREEN, P TI PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG ELECTRICAL WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; ELECTRICIANS; MOOD STATES ID ELF ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; HEALTH; MELATONIN; MORTALITY; ILLNESS; CANCER AB To address the possible association between electric and magnetic field exposure and depression, we analyzed data from the Vietnam Experience Study. In order to compare the risk of diagnosed depression, depressive symptoms, and elevations in personality scales indicative of depression, we classified employed participants as electrical workers (N = 183) and nonelectrical workers (N = 3,861) and compared their scores on the Diagnostic Interview Survey (DIS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Electrical workers in the aggregate showed little evidence of increased risk, with the possible exception of an increase in elevated MMPI depression scores among short-term workers. Data on electricians yielded indications of increased risk for several markers of depression. Despite the limited number of electrical workers, uncertainty regarding exposure, and our inability to address other workplace exposures, these results suggest that electrical workers in general are not at increased risk for depression. However, our results encourage further evaluation of depression among electricians. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA. RP SAVITZ, DA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CB 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 25 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700250203 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MT901 UT WOS:A1994MT90100002 PM 8147389 ER PT J AU POWERS, WF KIELY, JL AF POWERS, WF KIELY, JL TI THE RISKS CONFRONTING TWINS - A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TWINS; RELATIVE RISKS; POPULATION-ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; INFANT MORTALITY; NEONATAL MORTALITY ID INFANT-MORTALITY; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; PREGNANCY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GESTATION; DEATH AB OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were twofold: (1) to report the relative risks and population-attributable risks of twins compared with singletons for several adverse pregnancy outcomes and (2) to describe the association between having been of low or very low birth weight and death in the neonatal, postneonatal, and infant periods for twins compared with singletons. STUDY DESIGN: We performed population-based analysis of all live births and infant deaths from 1985 to 1986 birth cohorts, as reported in the U.S. Linked Birth/infant Death Data Sets. RESULTS: With singletons as the referent group, twins of all races had relative risks for very low birth weight, low birth weight, and neonatal, postneonatal, and infant death of 9.97, 8.61, 7.06, 2.75, and 5.43, respectively. Although twins make up only 2.09% of live births, the population-attributable risks of twins (the proportion of the population's adverse outcome associated with being a twin) for very low birth weight, low birth weight, and neonatal, postneonatal, and infant death was 15.8%, 13.7%, 11.2%, 3.4%, and 8.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These population-based data show that although twins are relatively infrequent they account for a disproportionately large share of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Given the relative ease with which twins can be identified early in the course of pregnancy, development and testing of interventions to postpone preterm delivery in twin pregnancy should become a national public health priority. C1 NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STAT & PREVENT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 170 IS 2 BP 456 EP 461 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA MZ738 UT WOS:A1994MZ73800003 PM 8116697 ER PT J AU PIVNICK, A JACOBSON, A ERIC, K DOLL, L DRUCKER, E AF PIVNICK, A JACOBSON, A ERIC, K DOLL, L DRUCKER, E TI AIDS, HIV-INFECTION, AND ILLICIT DRUG-USE WITHIN INNER-CITY FAMILIES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; RISK-FACTORS; BRONX AB Objectives. Drug use is commonly depicted and treated as an individual problem. This study describes the extent of drug use, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among drug users' sexual partner and family and household members in order to broaden considerations of risk. Methods. Social network charts and structured interviews were administered to 126 women (predominantly African American and Latino) enrolled in methadone treatment. The charts elicited the prevalence of drug use and HIV infection among subjects' family and household members. Results. Drug use and HIV/AIDS permeated subjects' sexual, familial, and households relationships. More than half of the women who resided with a sexual partner reported that their partners currently used drugs. Almost one third of the subjects' siblings were drug users. Of the 715 total siblings (all subjects plus their siblings), 69(9.7%) were known to be HIV positive or to have an AIDS diagnosis. Conclusions. The sexual, familial, household expressions of drug use underscore the notion that drug use and attendant risks, including but not limited to HIV infection, might be usefully viewed and treated as an inter- and intracommunity problem rather than as an exclusively individual one. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & SOCIAL MED,BRONX,NY 10467. FU PHS HHS [H64/CCH20071408] NR 16 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 271 EP 274 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.2.271 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NB628 UT WOS:A1994NB62800022 PM 8296952 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW PETERSEN, LR WARD, JW VALDISERRI, RO AF BUEHLER, JW PETERSEN, LR WARD, JW VALDISERRI, RO TI DEFENDING HIV SEROPREVALENCE SURVEYS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MS-G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1994 VL 84 IS 2 BP 319 EP 320 DI 10.2105/AJPH.84.2.319-b PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA NB628 UT WOS:A1994NB62800038 PM 8296967 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, JE MOSER, SA TURNER, SH STANDARD, PG AF WILLIAMS, JE MOSER, SA TURNER, SH STANDARD, PG TI DEVELOPMENT OF PULMONARY INFECTION IN MICE INOCULATED WITH BLASTOMYCES-DERMATITIDIS CONIDIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR; IMMUNODIFFUSION; ASSAY; MOUSE; MODEL; LUNG AB Intratracheal injection of Balb/cByJ mice with 10(4) Blastomyces dermatitidis conidia produces chronic pulmonary and disseminated blastomycosis characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation. To study the evolution of the pulmonary infection, mice were killed at varying intervals after inoculation, their lungs cultured and examined histologically. Nodular intraalveolar infiltrates of macrophages (M Phi) were seen on Day 1 with occasional admired polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Phagocytized yeast forms within M Phi were evident by Day 5. By Day 28 pyogranulomas, which developed first as central microabscesses associated with a peripheral zone of M Phi and giant cells containing internalized yeast, were a prominent feature of the infection. Lymphocytic and plasmacytic infiltrates, accumulating next to granulomas, formed the major peripheral component of the granuloma by Day 35. Formation of pyogranulomas was coincident with the host's failure to contain fungal growth measured by the sharp rise in colony-forming units recovered from lungs. Antibody against B. dermatitidis was first detected at Day 35 by enzyme immunoassay, but not until Day 63 by double immunodiffusion. During the 4 wk after inoculation, pulmonary lavage fluid contained > 90% M Phi and < 3% PMN. On Day 28, PMN rose to 17%, reaching 40% on Day 42. These data contribute to our knowledge of this model and help form the basis for investigations into the roles of fungal pathogenic and host defense mechanisms in blastomycosis. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PATHOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. SINAI SAMARITAN MED CTR,UNIV WISCONSIN,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,MILWAUKEE,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Moser, Stephen/A-1168-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 29213] NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 149 IS 2 BP 500 EP 509 PG 10 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA NP718 UT WOS:A1994NP71800038 PM 8306053 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HH HERRERA, G GILMAN, RH TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB DIAZ, JF CANDY, EJ MIRANDA, E NARANJO, J TORRES, P GALLO, C CARCAMO, C VERASTEGUI, M MONTENEGRO, T ALVAREZ, M EVANS, C GONZALES, AE CASTRO, M MARTINEZ, M PORRAS, M ALVARADO, M ORRILLO, E PALOMINO, L ALBAN, G CALAGUA, L ESCALANTE, S TRELLES, L ALIAGA, O RIOSSAAVEDRA, N VELARDE, M CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H SOTO, M PORTILLA, L TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P MOROTE, D ROCCA, U AF GARCIA, HH HERRERA, G GILMAN, RH TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB DIAZ, JF CANDY, EJ MIRANDA, E NARANJO, J TORRES, P GALLO, C CARCAMO, C VERASTEGUI, M MONTENEGRO, T ALVAREZ, M EVANS, C GONZALES, AE CASTRO, M MARTINEZ, M PORRAS, M ALVARADO, M ORRILLO, E PALOMINO, L ALBAN, G CALAGUA, L ESCALANTE, S TRELLES, L ALIAGA, O RIOSSAAVEDRA, N VELARDE, M CUBA, JM ESTRADA, H SOTO, M PORTILLA, L TERASHIMA, A CABRERA, J CAMPOS, P MOROTE, D ROCCA, U TI DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN CEREBRAL COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AND WESTERN-BLOT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; CYSTICERCOSIS TAENIA-SOLIUM; ANTIGENS; ASSAY; EITB AB Serum samples from sequential patients who underwent cerebral computed axial tomography (CT) scan in a Peruvian radiologic clinic were tested by the highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) test to detect antibodies to Taenia solium. The results of the EITB test were compared with those obtained by CT scan for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. Of the 383 patients sampled, 32 (8%) were seropositive. The results of CT and EITB were frequently discrepant. When compared with the EITB assay, the CT scan was 44% sensitive and 95% specific. The sensitivity of CT increased to 63% if less specific images (single calcifications, granulomas, or hydrocephalus) were included. The CT scan for diagnosis of cysticercosis can best be used in conjunction with a reliable serologic test such as the EITB. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT NEURORADIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP GARCIA, HH (reprint author), UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. NR 27 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 50 IS 2 BP 152 EP 157 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MZ147 UT WOS:A1994MZ14700005 PM 8116806 ER PT J AU MARGOLICK, JB VOGT, RF AF MARGOLICK, JB VOGT, RF TI CONTROVERSY OVER MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MARGOLICK, JB (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 1994 VL 120 IS 3 BP 249 EP 249 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MU303 UT WOS:A1994MU30300020 PM 8273995 ER PT J AU ELDRIDGE, R ANDREWS, E TILSON, H DAVIS, G HURN, B ALEXANDER, ER AF ELDRIDGE, R ANDREWS, E TILSON, H DAVIS, G HURN, B ALEXANDER, ER TI PREGNANCY OUTCOMES FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC PRENATAL ACYCLOVIR EXPOSURE - JUNE 1, 1984-JUNE 30, 1993 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 WELLCOME RES LABS,CLIN & SAFETY SURVEILLANCE SERV,BECKENHAM,KENT,ENGLAND. SEATTLE KING CTY HLTH DEPT,SEATTLE,WA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. RP ELDRIDGE, R (reprint author), BURROUGHS WELLCOME CO,DIV EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE & PHARMACOECON,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 130 IS 2 BP 153 EP 154 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA MV881 UT WOS:A1994MV88100001 ER PT J AU COOPER, GR SMITH, SJ MYERS, GL SAMPSON, EJ MAGID, E AF COOPER, GR SMITH, SJ MYERS, GL SAMPSON, EJ MAGID, E TI ESTIMATING AND MINIMIZING EFFECTS OF BIOLOGIC SOURCES OF VARIATION BY RELATIVE RANGE WHEN MEASURING THE MEAN OF SERUM-LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; METAANALYSIS ID CHOLESTEROL; VARIABILITY; CENTERS; PROGRAM AB Biologic intraindividual variation (CVb) is a major source of inaccuracy in current lipid and lipoprotein measurements. Metaanalysis has been used to estimate the average CV, of serum total cholesterol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglyceride (TG). These CVb values are larger than the National Cholesterol Education Program-accepted and -proposed analytic (CVa) goals. Measuring serial specimens reduces the error in determination of the mean concentration used in classification of the patient by cutoff points. We show (a) a convenient technique, based on the relative range, to qualitatively estimate and interpret biologic variation of TC, HDLC, LDLC, and TG, and (b) the number of serial specimens required to meet a total variation goal for measurements of mean lipid and lipoprotein values. A total variation goal has been selected that can be met by two serial specimens for a majority of individuals. C1 SUNDBY HOSP,DEPT CLIN CHEM,DK-2300 COPENHAGEN S,DENMARK. RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 40 IS 2 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA NA660 UT WOS:A1994NA66000010 PM 8313599 ER PT J AU LIEU, TA COCHI, SL BLACK, SB HALLORAN, ME SHINEFIELD, HR HOLMES, SR WHARTON, M WASHINGTON, AE AF LIEU, TA COCHI, SL BLACK, SB HALLORAN, ME SHINEFIELD, HR HOLMES, SR WHARTON, M WASHINGTON, AE TI COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF A ROUTINE VARICELLA VACCINATION PROGRAM FOR UNITED-STATES CHILDREN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NO CALIF KAISER PERMANENTE,DIV RES,RWJ CLIN SCHOLARS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. EMORY UNIV,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 42 IS 1 BP A8 EP A8 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA MR214 UT WOS:A1994MR21400041 ER PT J AU SCHMID, GP AF SCHMID, GP TI RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHANCROID AND SYPHILIS SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The HIV epidemic has brought renewed interest to sexually transmitted diseases. This attention has focused in particular on the diseases characterized by genital ulcers that are common in the developing world - chancroid and syphilis - because of the evidence that they both facilitate HIV transmission. Both diseases have been characterized in the past decade by resurgences in the industrialized world, particularly in the USA. The frequent association of chancroid and syphilis with HIV infection has created diagnostic dilemmas for syphilis and therapeutic dilemmas for both. Research into the prevention and control of both diseases is urgently needed in both the industrialized and developing worlds. RP SCHMID, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,INFORMAT SERV OFF,MS-E08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MW056 UT WOS:A1994MW05600006 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO AF ARAL, SO TI SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AND SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB The literature published at the beginning of the 1990s has reflected major developments in our understanding of the role of behavioral factors in the epidemiology and control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). First, the importance of overlap and interactions among sexual, substance use, and health behaviors; and among these behaviors and STDs, became clear. Second, for the first time, the prevalence and distribution of sexual behaviors in western European and North American populations were described. Third, the need to distinguish between population and individual level paradigms in the study of transmission dynamics and prevention of STDs was recognized. Finally, the approaches to the development and evaluation of behavioral interventions have also become increasingly more sophisticated. RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 7 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1097/00001432-199402000-00009 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA MW056 UT WOS:A1994MW05600009 ER PT J AU LUNDEGARDH, G HELMICK, C ZACK, M ADAMI, HO AF LUNDEGARDH, G HELMICK, C ZACK, M ADAMI, HO TI MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY FOR BENIGN ULCER DISEASE SO DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; PARTIAL GASTRECTOMY; PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE ID DUODENAL-ULCER; PEPTIC-ULCER; CANCER; CHOLESTEROL; SURGERY; RISK AB Partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease may influence future risk of death, eg, through changes in life-style or metabolism. To reveal such possible long-term effects, we analyzed a population-based cohort of 6459 patients operated on from 1950 through 1958 and followed through 1985. We found a lower overall mortality than in the general Swedish population (standardized mortality ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.97). Mortality was decreased among those with duodenal ulcers, Billroth II operations, and older age at operation but increased as time passed after operation. Mortality was significantly (P < 0.05) increased from tuberculosis, alcoholism, emphysema, stomach ulcer, intestinal obstruction, gallbladder or biliary disease, suicide, and accidental falls but decreased from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Preoperative selection of healthy patients and the probable increased prevalence of risk factors for ulcer disease (smoking, alcoholism, and lower socioeconomic status) in this cohort explain most of these findings. Apart from intestinal obstruction, gallbladder or biliary tract diseases, and tuberculosis, the surgical procedure did not appear to increase mortality beyond one year after operation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. FU NCI NIH HHS [NCI 5 R01 CA40264-02] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0163-2116 J9 DIGEST DIS SCI JI Dig. Dis. Sci. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 39 IS 2 BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1007/BF02090206 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA MV309 UT WOS:A1994MV30900017 PM 8313816 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT MINTZ, ED CANIZARES, R SEMIGLIA, A GOMEZ, I SEMPERTEGUI, R DAVILA, A GREENE, KD PUHR, ND CAMERON, DN TENOVER, FC BARRETT, TJ BEAN, NH IVEY, C TAUXE, RV BLAKE, PA AF WEBER, JT MINTZ, ED CANIZARES, R SEMIGLIA, A GOMEZ, I SEMPERTEGUI, R DAVILA, A GREENE, KD PUHR, ND CAMERON, DN TENOVER, FC BARRETT, TJ BEAN, NH IVEY, C TAUXE, RV BLAKE, PA TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN ECUADOR - MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE AND TRANSMISSION BY WATER AND SEAFOOD SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID BIOTYPE-EL-TOR; VIBRIO; PERU; OUTBREAK; SLUMS AB To determine risk factors for cholera in an epidemic-disease area in South America, a case-control investigation was performed in Guayaquil, Ecuador, in July 1991. Residents > 5 years old who were hospitalized for treatment of acute, watery diarrhoea and two matched controls for each were interviewed regarding sources of water and food, and eating, drinking, and hygienic habits. Interviewers inspected homes of case-patients and controls to document water treatment, food-handling, and hygienic practices. Faecal specimens and shellfish were cultured for Vibrio cholerae 0 1. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to a variety of antimicrobial agents. Drinking unboiled water (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-7 5), drinking a beverage from a street vendor (OR = 2.8, CI = 1.3-5.9), eating raw seafood (OR = 3.4, CI = 1.4-11.5), and eating cooked crab (OR = 5.1, CI = 1.4-19.2) were associated with illness. Always boiling drinking water at home (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.2-0.9) was protective against illness. The presence of soap in either the kitchen (OR = 0.3, CI = 0.2-0.8) or bathroom (OR = 0.4, CI = 0.2-0.9) at home was also protective. V. cholerae 0 1 was recovered from a pooled sample of a bivalve mollusc and from 68% of stool samples from case-patients. Thirty-six percent of the isolates from stool specimens were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. Specific prevention measures may prevent transmission through these vehicles in the future. The appearance of antimicrobial resistance suggests the need for changes in current methods of prevention and treatment. C1 SUBSECRETARIAT HLTH,GUAYAQUIL,ECUADOR. MINIST HLTH,QUITO,ECUADOR. NATL INST HYG,GUAYAQUIL,ECUADOR. CDC,NCID,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NCID,DBMD,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MZ211 UT WOS:A1994MZ21100001 PM 8119348 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL WASSELL, JT ZINGESER, JA TAUXE, RV AF MINTZ, ED CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL WASSELL, JT ZINGESER, JA TAUXE, RV TI DOSE-RESPONSE EFFECTS IN AN OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGIC CONTROL; TYPHOID FEVER; PATHOGENESIS AB The effects of ingested Salmonella enteritidis (SE) dose on incubation period and on the severity and duration of illness were estimated in a cohort of 169 persons who developed gastroenteritis after eating hollandaise sauce made from grade-A shell eggs. The cohort was divided into three groups based on self-reported dose of sauce ingested. As dose increased, median incubation period decreased (37 h in the low exposure group v. 21 h in the medium exposure group v. 17.5 h in the high exposure group, P = 0.006) and greater proportions reported body aches (71. v. 85 v. 94 %, P = 0.0009) and vomiting (21 v. 58 v. 57 %, P = 0002). Among 118 case-persons who completed a follow-up questionnaire, increased dose was associated with increases in median weight loss in Kilograms (3.2 v. 4.5 v. 5.0, P = 0.0001), maximum daily number of stools (12.5 v. 15.0 v. 20.0, P = 0.02), subjective rating of illness severity (P = 0.0007), and the number of days of confinement to bed (3.0 v. 6.5 v. 6.5, P = 0.04). In this outbreak, ingested dose was an important determinant of the incubation period, symptoms and severity of acute salmonellosis. C1 CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV PREVENTABLE DIS,HARTFORD,CT. RP MINTZ, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 112 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MZ211 UT WOS:A1994MZ21100002 PM 8119352 ER PT J AU OSTROFF, SM KAPPERUD, G HUTWAGNER, LC NESBAKKEN, T BEAN, NH LASSEN, J TAUXE, RV AF OSTROFF, SM KAPPERUD, G HUTWAGNER, LC NESBAKKEN, T BEAN, NH LASSEN, J TAUXE, RV TI SOURCES OF SPORADIC YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA INFECTIONS IN NORWAY - A PROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PASTEURIZED MILK; SLAUGHTER PIGS; PORK PRODUCTS; ORAL CAVITY; O-3; OUTBREAK; GASTROENTERITIS; CARCASSES; BACTERIA AB Yersinia enterocolitica is a recognized cause of gastroenteritis in northern Europe, During October 1988-January 1990, a prospective case-control study was performed to address risk factors associated with sporadic Y. enterocolitica infections in southeastern Norway. Sixty-seven case-patients (mean age 23.4 years, range 8 months-88 years) and 132 age-, sex- and geographically-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Multivariate analysis of the data showed that persons with Y. enterocolitica infection reported having eaten significantly more pork items (3.79 v. 2.30 meals, P = 0.02) and sausage (2.84 v. 2.20 meals, P = 0.03) in the 2 weeks before illness onset than their matched controls; only one patient had eaten raw pork. Patients were also more likely than controls to report a preference for eating meat prepared ram or rare (47 v. 27%, P = 0.01), and to report drinking untreated water (39 v. 25%, P = 0.01) in the 2 weeks before illness onset. Each of these factors was independently associated with disease, suggesting a link between yersiniosis and consumption of undercooked pork and sausage products and untreated water. Efforts should be directed towards developing techniques to reduce Y. enterocolitica contamination of pork and educating consumers about (1) proper handling and preparation of pork items and (2) the hazards of drinking untreated water. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT BACTERIOL,OSLO,NORWAY. NORWEGIAN MEAT RES LAB,OSLO,NORWAY. RP OSTROFF, SM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAILSTOP C12,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 36 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 112 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MZ211 UT WOS:A1994MZ21100014 PM 8119353 ER PT J AU SCHLEIFER, LM LEY, R AF SCHLEIFER, LM LEY, R TI END-TIDAL PCO2 AS AN INDEX OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY DURING VDT DATA-ENTRY WORK AND RELAXATION SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE STRESS; HYPERVENTILATION; END-TIDAL PCO2; VDT WORK ID HYPERVENTILATION; STRESS; RESPIRATION; AGORAPHOBIA; TASKS AB The present study was designed to assess the utility of end-tidal PCO2 (peak concentration of carbon dioxide in a single breath of exhaled air) as an index of psychophysiological activity during performance of a computer-based task and during relaxation. Eleven data-entry operators were monitored continuously for three consecutive, 6 hour work days under the following conditions: (a) during a self-relaxation baseline period; (b) during an abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation period; and (c) during a period of computer-based data-entry work. End-tidal PCO2, respiration frequency, and cardiac inter-beat interval (a measure of heart rate and its variability) were monitored continuously during the three conditions of the study. Self-ratings of relaxation and tension were also monitored at periodic intervals. Consistent with a decrease in psychophysiological arousal, end-tidal PCO2 and self-ratings of relaxation were significantly higher during progressive muscle relaxation than during baseline relaxation. Consistent with an increase in psychophysiological arousal, end-tidal PCO2, cardiac inter-beat interval, and relaxation ratings during data-entry work were significantly lower than during either baseline relaxation or progressive muscle relaxation, while respiration frequency and tension ratings were higher. The findings indicate that end-tidal PCO2 discriminates among different psychophysiological states, and that end-tidal PCO2 may be useful in indexing the stress-hearth effects of human-computer interactions. C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. SUNY ALBANY,DEPT PSYCHOL & STAT,ALBANY,NY 12222. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD FEB PY 1994 VL 37 IS 2 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1080/00140139408963642 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA MU976 UT WOS:A1994MU97600002 PM 8119258 ER PT J AU ZAZA, S TOKARS, JI YOMTOVIAN, R HIRSCHLER, NV JACOBS, MR LAZARUS, HM GOODNOUGH, LT BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ JARVIS, WR AF ZAZA, S TOKARS, JI YOMTOVIAN, R HIRSCHLER, NV JACOBS, MR LAZARUS, HM GOODNOUGH, LT BLAND, LA ARDUINO, MJ JARVIS, WR TI BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION OF PLATELETS AT A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL - INCREASED IDENTIFICATION DUE TO INTENSIFIED SURVEILLANCE SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA SEPTICEMIA; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TRANSFUSION; PROLIFERATION; SEPSIS AB BACKGROUND: A cluster of bacterial contamination of platelets occurred at a university hospital in a one-month period. This unusual clustering allowed us to examine the likely mechanism of contamination and clinical sequelae. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients receiving random donor platelet transfusions to determine numbers of platelets transfused, reactions reported, and episodes of bacterial contamination. We also reviewed procedures at the collecting blood agencies and the hospital blood bank. RESULTS: Four patients received bacterially contaminated platelets during June and July 1991. The rates of reported platelet transfusion reactions increased significantly (P<0.001) from September 1989 through July 1991 (study period); in addition, the rate of contamination of platelets during June and July 1991 was 23-fold higher than during die previous 21 months (P<0.001). Surveillance methodology changed dramatically during the study period, contributing to the recognition of the current cluster. Pathogens isolated from the contaminated platelet pools were Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa in titers ranging from 10(6) to 10(8) colony forming units/mL. Four constituent individual platelet units identified as the probable cause of the outbreak (including one postepidemic episode) were significantly older (mean age, 4.8 days) than 106 randomly selected individual platelet units (mean age, 3.7 days; P = 0.04). Platelet pools were transfused an average of 2.5 hours after pooling. Review of blood collection and platelet preparation practices did not identify breaks in procedure or technique that could have caused contamination. CONCLUSIONS: Increased awareness of platelet transfusion reactions by clinical staff and routine culturing of all platelets associated with tranfusion reactions will identify contaminated platelets. Identification of contaminated platelets is necessary to treat affected patients appropriately and to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for contaminated platelets (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:82-87). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,INST PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,UNIV HOSP CLEVELAND,IRELAND CANC CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. AMER RED CROSS,NO OHIO REGION BLOOD SERV,CLEVELAND,OH. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 82 EP 87 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MX057 UT WOS:A1994MX05700007 PM 8201239 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE AUERBACH, SB BALTCH, AL DESJARDIN, E BECKSAGUE, C RHEAL, C SMITH, RP JARVIS, WR AF NELSON, DE AUERBACH, SB BALTCH, AL DESJARDIN, E BECKSAGUE, C RHEAL, C SMITH, RP JARVIS, WR TI EPIDEMIC CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA - ROLE OF 2ND-GENERATION AND 3RD-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; COLITIS; TRANSMISSION AB OBJECTIVE. To better define the role of multiple risk factors for cytotoxic Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: A Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS: Thirty-three case patients with C difficile-associated diarrhea. Two control groups were used: one group consisted of 32 patients from the same ward as the case patients, and one group consisted of 34 patients with nosocomial diarrhea and negative C difficile toxin assays. INTERVENTION. None. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses revealed that exposure to second- or third-generation cephalosporins was the most important independent risk factor, even after controlling for other antimicrobial use (odds ratio [OR]=8.3, 95% confidence interval [CI95]=1.4 to 48.9 compared to ward controls; OR=9.6, CI95=2.1 to 44.1 compared with diarrhea controls). Persons exposed to two or more antimicrobials simultaneously were at substantially elevated risk (OR= 18.7, CI95=4.1 to 85.8 compared with ward controls; OR=21.5, CI95=3.2 to 141.9 compared with diarrhea controls). CONCLUSION: Physicians should consider carefully the appropriateness of second- and third-generation cephalosporin use and combination antimicrobial therapy, especially during nosocomial C difficile-associated diarrhea outbreaks (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:88-94). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STRATTON VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT MED,INFECT DIS SECT,ALBANY,NY. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 15 IS 2 BP 88 EP 94 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MX057 UT WOS:A1994MX05700009 PM 8201240 ER PT J AU LEMON, SM SHAPIRO, CN AF LEMON, SM SHAPIRO, CN TI THE VALUE OF IMMUNIZATION AGAINST HEPATITIS-A SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNIZATION; HEPATITIS-A; RISK GROUPS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID NON-B; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; FULMINANT-HEPATITIS; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; SWEDISH COMMUNITY; VIRUS-INFECTION; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE AB Safe and effective inactivated vaccines should soon be available for prevention of hepatitis A virus infections in the United States. Here we review the heterogeneous distribution of hepatitis A cases among different risk groups, age groups, and geographic regions of the United States and comment on several possible strategies for using hepatitis A vaccines in immunization programs. We conclude that immunization targeted exclusively at groups that are at high risk of developing hepatitis A is unlikely to significantly lower national rates of the disease. While universal immunization of young children may accomplish this goal, such a practice is likely to prove unacceptably costly. Alternative strategies worthy of consideration include immunization targeted to specific risk groups on a regional basis, based on knowledge of the local epidemiology of hepatitis A. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP LEMON, SM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,547 BURNETT WOMACK CSB,CB 7030,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI32599] NR 55 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 3 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NZ494 UT WOS:A1994NZ49400004 PM 7952926 ER PT J AU CHEN, RT WEIERBACH, R BISOFFI, Z CUTTS, F RHODES, P RAMAROSON, S NTEMBAGARA, C BIZIMANA, F AF CHEN, RT WEIERBACH, R BISOFFI, Z CUTTS, F RHODES, P RAMAROSON, S NTEMBAGARA, C BIZIMANA, F TI A POST-HONEYMOON PERIOD MEASLES OUTBREAK IN MUYINGA SECTOR, BURUNDI SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINE EFFICACY; MORTALITY; DISEASES; AFRICA; FIELD; LIFE AB In Muyinga sector, Burundi, an area with good vaccination levels against measles and recent low incidence of measles, a major outbreak of measles in 1988 raised questions about the efficacy of the immunization programme. To help answer these questions, we 1) reviewed programme data on doses of measles vaccine administered, vaccine coverage, and measles incidence, and 2) conducted a census of the affected area to examine vaccine efficacy and measles mortality. We found that between 1980 and 1988 in Burundi, 1) measles vaccine coverage by age 1 had increased from 0% to 55%, 2) the incidence of reported measles cases declined from 12.1/1000 to 6.2/1000, 3) reported measles mortality dropped from 0.18/1000 to 0.08/1000, and 4) the interepidemic period had increased from 25 to 35 months. In the census, the best estimate of measles vaccine efficacy administered at 9 months of age was 73%. Measles increased the risk of death by 2.5-fold with the effect limited to the first month after measles. This outbreak demonstrated the 'post-honeymoon period' epidemic predicted by mathematical models in which outbreaks occur among accumulated susceptibles in a partially immunized population. Understanding this phenomenon is important in providing a basis for improved strategies of measles control. Such outbreaks present new challenges to newly maturing immunizations programmes in improving skills in surveillance, outbreak investigation, and public relations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNICEF,BUJUMBURA,BURUNDI. EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,BUJUMBURA,BURUNDI. RP CHEN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM MS E61,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Bisoffi, Zeno/B-6438-2013 NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 23 IS 1 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1093/ije/23.1.185 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA ND512 UT WOS:A1994ND51200025 PM 8194915 ER PT J AU GRANT, KA HABES, DJ PUTZANDERSON, V AF GRANT, KA HABES, DJ PUTZANDERSON, V TI PSYCHOPHYSICAL AND EMG CORRELATES OF FORCE EXERTION IN MANUAL WORK SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG); PSYCHOPHYSICAL RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION (RPE); MANUAL FORCE ID HUMAN MUSCLES; HANDGRIP; INDUSTRY AB Difficulties in directly assessing the forcefulness of manual work have led to a search for alternative methods of estimating force exertion. The relationships between normalized grip force, psychophysical ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the electromyogram (EMG) were examined in three studies. In each study, participants performed short duration, repetitive tasks requiring application of grip force to a cylindrical handle. Applied grip force and EMG activity in select forearm muscles (flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) were recorded. Participants also rated perceived exertion using Borg's CR-10 scale. In all three studies, EMG and RPE were strongly and positively correlated with normalized grip force; however, neither measure (EMG or RPE) was a consistently better predictor of grip force than the other. RPE appeared to be a somewhat better predictor of force in the more complex work task. Combining RPE and EMG measures to predict manual force levels resulted in models explaining 51.7% to 74.2% of the variation in grip force. However, because psychophysical methods are generally easier to implement, RPE may have broader application in future ergonomic studies. RP GRANT, KA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA NZ124 UT WOS:A1994NZ12400005 ER PT J AU MOORE, AC HERWALDT, BL CRAUN, GF CALDERON, RL HIGHSMITH, AK JURANEK, DD AF MOORE, AC HERWALDT, BL CRAUN, GF CALDERON, RL HIGHSMITH, AK JURANEK, DD TI WATERBORNE DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1991 AND 1992 SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OUTBREAK; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; SHIGELLOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341. GLOBAL CONSULTING ENVIRONM HLTH,RADFORD,VA 24141. US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CDC,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,WATER QUAL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 35 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD FEB PY 1994 VL 86 IS 2 BP 87 EP 99 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA MZ020 UT WOS:A1994MZ02000014 ER EF