FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU SAFTLAS, A LAWSON, H MILLIGAN, B ATRASH, H HELGERSON, S AF SAFTLAS, A LAWSON, H MILLIGAN, B ATRASH, H HELGERSON, S TI PREDICTORS OF PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN NAVAJO WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 592 EP 592 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700025 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MJ KHOURY, MJ STEVENSON, R HADDOW, J KNIGHT, G ALLEN, RH AF ADAMS, MJ KHOURY, MJ STEVENSON, R HADDOW, J KNIGHT, G ALLEN, RH TI MIDTRIMESTER SERUM METHYLMALONIC ACID AS A RISK MARKER FOR NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 595 EP 595 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700037 ER PT J AU WATKINS, M EDMONDS, L MCCLEARN, A MULLINS, L MULINARE, J KHOURY, M AF WATKINS, M EDMONDS, L MCCLEARN, A MULLINS, L MULINARE, J KHOURY, M TI HOW USEFUL IS THE NEWLY REVISED UNITED-STATES STANDARD BIRTH CERTIFICATE FOR BIRTH-DEFECT SURVEILLANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 595 EP 596 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700038 ER PT J AU SALVAN, A STAYNER, LT STEENLAND, K AF SALVAN, A STAYNER, LT STEENLAND, K TI SELECTING AN EXPOSURE LAG PERIOD - IS THE MODEL WITH THE LARGEST EXPOSURE EFFECT THE BEST MODEL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 596 EP 597 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700042 ER PT J AU WHELAN, EA GRAJEWSKI, BA SCHNORR, TM WILD, D AF WHELAN, EA GRAJEWSKI, BA SCHNORR, TM WILD, D TI ASSESSMENT OF SEXUAL FUNCTION IN MEN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO DIAMINOSTILBENE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 604 EP 604 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700071 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, E KAMB, M JONES, J MEYERS, P PHILEN, R SINKS, T FALK, H AF SULLIVAN, E KAMB, M JONES, J MEYERS, P PHILEN, R SINKS, T FALK, H TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME 1992 FOLLOW-UP-STUDY - SOUTH-CAROLINA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 606 EP 607 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700079 ER PT J AU WHITE, MC ETZEL, RA OLSON, DR AF WHITE, MC ETZEL, RA OLSON, DR TI REEXAMINATION OF EPIDEMIC ASTHMA IN NEW-ORLEANS IN RELATION TO THE PRESENCE OF SOY-CARRYING SHIPS IN THE HARBOR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 607 EP 607 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700080 ER PT J AU HILLIS, S NAKASHIMA, A MARCHBANKS, P ADDISS, D DAVIS, J AF HILLIS, S NAKASHIMA, A MARCHBANKS, P ADDISS, D DAVIS, J TI RISK-FACTORS FOR RECURRENT CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 609 EP 609 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700088 ER PT J AU WINGO, P AUSTIN, H KOSINSKI, A ORY, H SCHLESSELMAN, J ELEY, W PETERSON, B AF WINGO, P AUSTIN, H KOSINSKI, A ORY, H SCHLESSELMAN, J ELEY, W PETERSON, B TI 5-YEAR SURVIVAL OF BREAST-CANCER PATIENTS BY PREVIOUS USE OF ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 611 EP 611 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700095 ER PT J AU MAY, DA CASPER, M TRUMAN, B AF MAY, DA CASPER, M TRUMAN, B TI TEMPORAL TRENDS IN SURVIVAL AFTER STROKE IN ELDERLY PERSONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 612 EP 612 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700098 ER PT J AU GLASS, DJ SERDULA, MK PAMUK, ER COLLINS, ME AF GLASS, DJ SERDULA, MK PAMUK, ER COLLINS, ME TI ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES IN BODY-IMAGE AND WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 613 EP 614 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700104 ER PT J AU WILCOX, L KOONIN, L POKRAS, R STRAUSS, L AF WILCOX, L KOONIN, L POKRAS, R STRAUSS, L TI RACIAL-DIFFERENCES IN HYSTERECTOMY DIAGNOSES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 614 EP 615 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700107 ER PT J AU BRETT, K MADANS, J AF BRETT, K MADANS, J TI SEX-DIFFERENCES IN SURVIVAL AFTER CORONARY HEART-DISEASE IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 629 EP 629 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700161 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR IRWIN, K SERRANO, Y EVANS, P MCCOY, C AF EDLIN, BR IRWIN, K SERRANO, Y EVANS, P MCCOY, C TI IMPACT OF COCAINE SMOKING ON INJECTION PRACTICES OF STREET-RECRUITED DRUG INJECTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYVIEW HUNTERS POINT FDN,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ASSOC DRUG ABUSE PREVENT & TREATMENT,NEW YORK,NY 10029. UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33136. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 631 EP 631 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700168 ER PT J AU SINKS, T HARTLE, R BOENIGER, M MANNINO, D FERNBACK, J HAWKINS, M GRIMES, G WATKINS, K DILL, P ANDERSON, B AF SINKS, T HARTLE, R BOENIGER, M MANNINO, D FERNBACK, J HAWKINS, M GRIMES, G WATKINS, K DILL, P ANDERSON, B TI EXPOSURE TO BIOGENIC SILICA FIBERS AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH IN HAWAII SUGARCANE WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 639 EP 639 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700197 ER PT J AU BLACKMAN, D ZACK, M BEAVER, S NARVA, A FREEMAN, W POLLARD, R AF BLACKMAN, D ZACK, M BEAVER, S NARVA, A FREEMAN, W POLLARD, R TI ABNORMAL URINALYSIS RESULTS AMONG THE ZUNI INDIANS, A NATIVE-AMERICAN POPULATION AT HIGH-RISK OF END-STAGE RENAL-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIAN HLTH SERV,TUCSON,AZ 85746. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 641 EP 641 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700203 ER PT J AU ASKEW, GL FINELLI, L GENESE, C SORHAGE, F SPITALNY, K AF ASKEW, GL FINELLI, L GENESE, C SORHAGE, F SPITALNY, K TI BOILERBAISSE, AN OUTBREAK OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA - NEW-JERSEY, 1992 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700208 ER PT J AU ETTESTAD, P CAMPBELL, G WELBEL, S SPITALNY, K GENESE, C DENNIS, D AF ETTESTAD, P CAMPBELL, G WELBEL, S SPITALNY, K GENESE, C DENNIS, D TI BILIARY COMPLICATIONS OF TREATMENT FOR SUSPECTED LYME-DISEASE - NEW-JERSEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 642 EP 643 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700209 ER PT J AU GESSNER, BD BELLER, M AF GESSNER, BD BELLER, M TI OUTBREAK OF SALMONELLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROWAVE-OVENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99524. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 642 EP 642 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700207 ER PT J AU MOORMAN, A RICE, R OSULLIVAN, M SPERLING, R BRODMAN, M AF MOORMAN, A RICE, R OSULLIVAN, M SPERLING, R BRODMAN, M TI MICROBIOLOGIC ETIOLOGY OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV)-POSITIVE AND HIV-NEGATIVE WOMEN - PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MULTICTR HIV & PID STUDY GRP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33101. MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 648 EP 649 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700231 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL UTOMO, B WIKNJOSASTRO, G LINNAN, M AF JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL UTOMO, B WIKNJOSASTRO, G LINNAN, M TI BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND PREMATURITY IN INDONESIA - ASSOCIATION AT EARLY AND LATE PREGNANCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 649 EP 650 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700235 ER PT J AU BURNETT, C BOXER, P SWANSON, N AF BURNETT, C BOXER, P SWANSON, N TI OCCUPATION AND SUICIDE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 652 EP 653 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700246 ER PT J AU DAVIS, MK KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD AF DAVIS, MK KHOURY, MJ ERICKSON, JD TI PREGNANCY EXPERIENCE AFTER DELIVERY OF A CHILD WITH A MAJOR BIRTH-DEFECT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 654 EP 655 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700254 ER PT J AU OLNEY, R KHOURY, M JAMES, L EDMONDS, L ERICKSON, D AF OLNEY, R KHOURY, M JAMES, L EDMONDS, L ERICKSON, D TI DOES DELAYED CHILDBEARING INCREASE THE RISK FOR NONCHROMOSOMAL BIRTH-DEFECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 654 EP 654 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700251 ER PT J AU GAUDINO, J JENKINS, B ROCHAT, R GRIFFIN, G AF GAUDINO, J JENKINS, B ROCHAT, R GRIFFIN, G TI NO FATHERS NAME - A RISK FACTOR FOR INFANT-MORTALITY IN GEORGIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700257 ER PT J AU GAZMARARIAN, JA ADAMS, MM AF GAZMARARIAN, JA ADAMS, MM TI MEASUREMENT OF SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS AMONG MOTHERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 655 EP 655 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700256 ER PT J AU COGSWELL, ME SERDULA, M HUNGERFORD, D YIP, R AF COGSWELL, ME SERDULA, M HUNGERFORD, D YIP, R TI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WEIGHT-GAIN DURING PREGNANCY - ARE THEY EXCESSIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 657 EP 657 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700263 ER PT J AU BLANK, S SCANLON, KS SINKS, T LETT, S FALK, H AF BLANK, S SCANLON, KS SINKS, T LETT, S FALK, H TI HYPERVITAMINOSIS-D ASSOCIATED WITH THE OVERFORTIFICATION OF MILK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 659 EP 660 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700272 ER PT J AU BRACKBILL, R SIEGEL, P AF BRACKBILL, R SIEGEL, P TI UNEMPLOYMENT AND HYPERTENSION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 662 EP 663 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700283 ER PT J AU BOYLE, CA DECOUFLE, P HOLMGREEN, P AF BOYLE, CA DECOUFLE, P HOLMGREEN, P TI CONTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES TO CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN THE UNITED-STATES - A MULTIPLE CAUSE-OF-DEATH ANALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 8 BP 665 EP 665 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MH147 UT WOS:A1993MH14700292 ER PT J AU RICE, WG SCHAEFFER, CA GRAHAM, L BU, M MCDOUGAL, JS ORLOFF, SL VILLINGER, F YOUNG, M OROSZLAN, S FESEN, MR POMMIER, Y MENDELEYEV, J KUN, E AF RICE, WG SCHAEFFER, CA GRAHAM, L BU, M MCDOUGAL, JS ORLOFF, SL VILLINGER, F YOUNG, M OROSZLAN, S FESEN, MR POMMIER, Y MENDELEYEV, J KUN, E TI THE SITE OF ANTIVIRAL ACTION OF 3-NITROSOBENZAMIDE ON THE INFECTIVITY PROCESS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS IN HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ZINC FINGER; PROVIRAL DNA BLOCK ID MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; HIV-1 PROTEASE; ZINC-FINGERS; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; BINDING DOMAINS; TOPOISOMERASE-I; DNA-BINDING; RETROVIRUSES; RNA AB The C-nitroso compound 3-nitrosobenzamide, which has been shown to remove zinc from the retroviral-type zinc finger of p7NC nucleocapsid proteins, inhibits acute infection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cultured human lymphocytes. The attachment of the virus to lymphocytes and the activities of critical viral enzymes, such as reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase, are not affected by 3-nitrosobenzamide. However, the process of reverse transcription to form proviral DNA is effectively abolished by the drug, identifying the mode of action of 3-nitrosobenzamide as interrupting the role of p7NC in accurate proviral DNA synthesis during the infectious phase of the virus life cycle. C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,ROMBERG TIBURON CTR,ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,BASIC RES PROGRAM,ADV BIOSCI LABS,FREDERICK,MD 21702. NCI,MOLEC PHARMACOL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,OCTAMER RES FDN,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP RICE, WG (reprint author), NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,PROGRAM RESOURCES INC DYNCORP,ANTIVIRAL DRUG MECHANISMS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-74102, N01-CO-74101] NR 38 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 20 BP 9721 EP 9724 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9721 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA MC570 UT WOS:A1993MC57000102 PM 7692451 ER PT J AU PADDOCK, CD SUCHARD, DP GRUMBACH, KL HADLEY, WK KERSCHMANN, RL ABBEY, NW DAWSON, JE ANDERSON, BE SIMS, KG DUMLER, JS HERNDIER, BG AF PADDOCK, CD SUCHARD, DP GRUMBACH, KL HADLEY, WK KERSCHMANN, RL ABBEY, NW DAWSON, JE ANDERSON, BE SIMS, KG DUMLER, JS HERNDIER, BG TI FATAL SERONEGATIVE EHRLICHIOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH HIV-INFECTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID CHAFFEENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; PANCYTOPENIA; RISTICII; HUMANS; AGENT; CANIS C1 SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,BLDG 3,RM 106,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011; Grumbach, Kevin/L-9222-2016 NR 24 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 14 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 16 BP 1164 EP 1167 DI 10.1056/NEJM199310143291605 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA667 UT WOS:A1993MA66700005 PM 8377780 ER PT J AU DENMAN, S DWYER, DM ISRAEL, E VACEK, P AF DENMAN, S DWYER, DM ISRAEL, E VACEK, P TI HANDWASHING AND GLOVE USE IN A LONG-TERM-CARE FACILITY - MARYLAND, 1992, (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 672-675, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,CHILDHOOD & RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,CTR CLIN EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV VERMONT,BIOMETRY FACIL,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. CDC,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. RP DENMAN, S (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 14 BP 1678 EP 1678 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA294 UT WOS:A1993MA29400010 ER PT J AU BRECHNER, RJ COWIE, CC HOWIE, LJ HERMAN, WH WILL, JC HARRIS, MI AF BRECHNER, RJ COWIE, CC HOWIE, LJ HERMAN, WH WILL, JC HARRIS, MI TI OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATION AMONG ADULTS WITH DIAGNOSED DIABETES-MELLITUS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RETINOPATHY; PREVALENCE; RISK; CARE; AGE; YR AB Objective.-To assess whether adults with diagnosed diabetes in the United States are receiving recommended eye examinations for detection of diabetic retinopathy and what factors are associated with receiving them. Design, Setting, and Participants.-The design was a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population 18 years of age or older, based on the 1989 National Health Interview Survey. A multistage probability sampling strategy was used to identify a representative sample of 84 572 persons. A questionnaire on diabetes was administered to all subjects with diagnosed diabetes (n=2405). Main Outcome Measure.-A dilated eye examination in the past year. Main Results.-Of all adults with diagnosed diabetes in the United States, only 49% had a dilated eye examination in the past year. This included 57% of people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 55% with insulin-treated noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and 44% with NIDDM not treated with insulin. Even among diabetics at high risk of vision loss because of retinopathy or long duration of diabetes, the proportion with a dilated eye examination was only 61% and 57%, respectively. By logistic regression, the probability of a dilated eye examination among persons with NIDDM increased with older age, higher socioeconomic status, and having attended a diabetes education class. The probability of a dilated eye examination was not independently related to race, duration of diabetes, frequency of physician visits for diabetes, or health insurance. Conclusions.-About half of adults with diabetes in the United States are not receiving timely and recommended eye care to detect and treat retinopathy. Wide-spread interventions, including patient and professional education, are needed to ensure that diabetic patients who are not receiving appropriate eye care have an annual dilated eye examination to detect retinopathy and prevent vision loss. C1 NIDDKD, NATL DIABET DATA GRP, WESTWOOD BLDG, ROOM 620, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV DIABET TRANSLAT, ATLANTA, GA USA. SCI SYST INC, BETHESDA, MD USA. NATL CTR HLTH STAT, DIV HLTH INTERVIEW STAT, HYATTSVILLE, MD 20782 USA. NR 38 TC 179 Z9 183 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 13 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 14 BP 1714 EP 1718 DI 10.1001/jama.270.14.1714 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA294 UT WOS:A1993MA29400028 PM 8411502 ER PT J AU BOLOTTE, C LOUVIERE, H FORET, T BUTLER, K HOLDEN, B FRUGE, K STEWART, J JOHNSON, W WILTZ, A GRANGER, C SUNDIN, D CAUSEY, AP WILSON, S KELSO, K TAPIA, R MCFARLAND, L BRADFORD, H AF BOLOTTE, C LOUVIERE, H FORET, T BUTLER, K HOLDEN, B FRUGE, K STEWART, J JOHNSON, W WILTZ, A GRANGER, C SUNDIN, D CAUSEY, AP WILSON, S KELSO, K TAPIA, R MCFARLAND, L BRADFORD, H TI INFLUENZA-A OUTBREAKS - LOUISIANA, AUGUST 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 687-692, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CHARITY HOSP LOUISIANA,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70140. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,EPIDEMIOL SECT,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,BUR LAB SERV,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH & EPIDEMIOL ACTIV,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 13 BP 1528 EP 1529 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LZ334 UT WOS:A1993LZ33400008 ER PT J AU GILES, WH ANDA, RF JONES, DH SERDULA, MK MERRITT, RK DESTEFANO, F AF GILES, WH ANDA, RF JONES, DH SERDULA, MK MERRITT, RK DESTEFANO, F TI CHOLESTEROL SCREENING IN YOUNG-ADULTS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP GILES, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 6 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 13 BP 1546 EP 1547 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LZ334 UT WOS:A1993LZ33400022 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE PETERSON, TD CHORBA, TL DEVINE, OJ SACKS, JJ AF NELSON, DE PETERSON, TD CHORBA, TL DEVINE, OJ SACKS, JJ TI COST SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SAFETY BELT USE IN IOWA, 1987-1988 SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEAT BELTS; USE LAWS; INJURIES; LEGISLATION; EXPERIENCE; AUSTRALIA; SEVERITY; TRAUMA; CARE AB Although safety belt use increases after passage of a safety belt law, the statewide direct and indirect cost savings associated with increased safety belt use after a belt use law has been enacted is not known. We analyzed a subset of data from the Iowa Safety Restraint Assessment consisting of 997 injured motor vehicle occupants treated at any of 11 Iowa hospitals from throughout the state between November 1987 and March 1988. We found that injuries were more serious and that more deaths and cases of permanent disability occurred among persons who did not wear safety belts. Failure to use safety belts was independently associated with higher payments to hospitals by health care insurers and individuals in nearly all age, sex, and vehicle speed categories. Lifetime direct and indirect cost savings associated with Iowa's safety belt law for persons injured in one year were estimated to be $69.5 million. C1 IOWA METHODIST MED CTR,DES MOINES,IA 50309. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1016/0001-4575(93)90003-F PG 8 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA LU320 UT WOS:A1993LU32000003 PM 8397654 ER PT J AU BANDEA, CI OU, CY BROWN, VK SCHOCHETMAN, G KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E THOMAS, P ROGERS, M SHAFFER, N AF BANDEA, CI OU, CY BROWN, VK SCHOCHETMAN, G KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E THOMAS, P ROGERS, M SHAFFER, N TI PRESERVATION OF V3 LOOP N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION SITE IN MOTHER-TO-INFANT HIV-1 TRANSMISSION SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY. DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY. BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 SU 1 BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ME188 UT WOS:A1993ME18800059 ER PT J AU HOFF, R OSHAUGHNESSY, MV SCHOCHETMAN, G WEBER, DJ MCAULEY, M LAWRENCE, DN AF HOFF, R OSHAUGHNESSY, MV SCHOCHETMAN, G WEBER, DJ MCAULEY, M LAWRENCE, DN TI MONITORING IMMUNOGENICITY AND INFECTION IN HIV VACCINE EFFICACY TRIALS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST PAULS HOSP,BRITISH COLUMBIA CTR EXCELLENCE HIV AIDS,VANCOUVER V67 IY6,BC,CANADA. RP HOFF, R (reprint author), NIA,DIV AIDS,VACCINE TRIALS & EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,VACCINE TRIALS SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 SU 1 BP S71 EP S74 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ME188 UT WOS:A1993ME18800039 ER PT J AU JAFFE, HW AF JAFFE, HW TI VALUE OF NONVACCINE PREVENTION RESEARCH IN TRIALS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article RP JAFFE, HW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DEPT HIV AIDS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 SU 1 BP S151 EP S152 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ME188 UT WOS:A1993ME18800115 ER PT J AU PAU, CP LEETHOMAS, S AUWANIT, W PAREKH, BS GRANADE, TC HOLLOMAN, DL PHILLIPS, S OU, CY SCHOCHETMAN, G YOUNG, NL WENIGER, BG GAYLE, HD GEORGE, JR AF PAU, CP LEETHOMAS, S AUWANIT, W PAREKH, BS GRANADE, TC HOLLOMAN, DL PHILLIPS, S OU, CY SCHOCHETMAN, G YOUNG, NL WENIGER, BG GAYLE, HD GEORGE, JR TI SUBTYPING HIV-1 INFECTION IN THAILAND BY V3-PEPTIDE IMMUNOASSAY SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 SU 1 BP S99 EP S99 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ME188 UT WOS:A1993ME18800080 ER PT J AU RAYFIELD, MA OTTEN, RA BROWN, R SIMON, M MCDOUGAL, JS LAIRMORE, M SCHOCHETMAN, G AF RAYFIELD, MA OTTEN, RA BROWN, R SIMON, M MCDOUGAL, JS LAIRMORE, M SCHOCHETMAN, G TI INFECTION OF PIGTAIL MACAQUES (MACACA-NEMESTRINA) WITH PRIMARY FIELD ISOLATES OF HIV SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DHA,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 9 SU 1 BP S106 EP S106 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA ME188 UT WOS:A1993ME18800087 ER PT J AU COOPER, TC GRESSEL, MG FROEHLICH, PA CAPLAN, PE MICKELSEN, RL VALIANTE, D BOST, P AF COOPER, TC GRESSEL, MG FROEHLICH, PA CAPLAN, PE MICKELSEN, RL VALIANTE, D BOST, P TI SUCCESSFUL REDUCTION OF SILICA EXPOSURES AT A SANITARY WARE POTTERY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a joint survey with the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) to measure crystalline silica exposures and evaluate the adequacy of the existing control measures for reducing these exposures at a sanitary ware pottery. This survey found that 95% of the personal and area samples from the Slip House, Casting, Glaze Spray, and Glaze Preparation Departments exceeded the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Level (87% exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Level) for crystalline silica. Three years later, a follow-up survey found statistically significant reductions in respirable crystalline silica exposures in two of four plant departments, and statistically significant reductions in area concentrations in all four plant departments. These reductions were accomplished through a combination of automating and enclosing the batching system in the Slip House and by replacing the mold parting compound with a nonsilica material, altering the method of dry sweeping, cleaning of castings while damp, improving exhaust ventilation at the spray booths, and improved housekeeping. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP COOPER, TC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,PUBL HLTH SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 600 EP 606 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK760 UT WOS:A1993MK76000008 PM 8237793 ER PT J AU BOENIGER, MF LOWRY, LK ROSENBERG, J AF BOENIGER, MF LOWRY, LK ROSENBERG, J TI INTERPRETATION OF URINE RESULTS USED TO ASSESS CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE WITH EMPHASIS ON CREATININE ADJUSTMENTS - A REVIEW SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID ORGANIC-SUBSTANCES; SERUM CREATININE; RENAL CLEARANCE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION; PLASMA-CONCENTRATION; HEAVY-METALS; EXCRETION; AGE; HEIGHT; FLOW AB This paper reviews the process of elimination of creatinine (CRE), and the limitations presented when using it to express urine concentrations. This literature review leads to three conclusions: (1) CRE excretion is subject to wide fluctuations due to specific internal and external factors; (2) the use of CRE to correct chemical concentrations in urine will not necessarily improve the correlation to the exposure dose for all chemicals (it may, in fact, worsen the result); and (3) other means of expressing urine concentration may offer greater accuracy towards estimating individually absorbed dose. C1 MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. CALIF STATE DEPT HLTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94701. RP BOENIGER, MF (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 122 TC 292 Z9 294 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1993)054<0615:IOURUT>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK760 UT WOS:A1993MK76000010 PM 8237794 ER PT J AU TUCKER, SP BELINKY, BR SEITZ, TA FOLEY, GD AF TUCKER, SP BELINKY, BR SEITZ, TA FOLEY, GD TI DETERMINATION OF PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE IN AIR SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A concern currently exists regarding the potential for exposure of health care workers to pentamidine isethionate, a drug used for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection. In order to evaluate worker exposures, a sampling and analytical method for pentamidine isethionate in air has been developed. This method involves sampling with a 37-mm PVC membrane filter at 1 to 2 L/min, recovery with 3 mL of 50:50 ethanol:water with 0.085% phosphoric acid and 0.04% tetramethylammonium chloride in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The limit of detection is about 18 ng per sample, and the lower limit of quantitation is 50 ng per sample. Recoveries of pentamidine isethionate from PVC filters were 0.76 to 0.91 at 50 to 8820-ng levels of fortification. Samples were stable on PVC filters during 27 days of storage at room temperature. Because patients who are treated with pentamidine isethionate are at increased risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB), safety precautions for handling samples contaminated with TB were included in the sampling and analytical method. RP TUCKER, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,PUBL HLTH SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 54 IS 10 BP 628 EP 632 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK760 UT WOS:A1993MK76000011 PM 8237795 ER PT J AU ENGLAND, JM ROWAN, RM VANASSENDELFT, OW BULL, BS COULTER, W FUJIMOTO, K GRONER, W RICHARDSONJONES, A KLEE, G KOEPKE, JA LEWIS, SM MCLAREN, CE SHINTON, NK TATSUMI, N VERWILGHEN, RL AF ENGLAND, JM ROWAN, RM VANASSENDELFT, OW BULL, BS COULTER, W FUJIMOTO, K GRONER, W RICHARDSONJONES, A KLEE, G KOEPKE, JA LEWIS, SM MCLAREN, CE SHINTON, NK TATSUMI, N VERWILGHEN, RL TI RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION IN HEMATOLOGY FOR ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID ANTICOAGULATION OF BLOOD FOR BLOOD-CELL COUNTING AND SIZING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ANTICOAGULATION; BLOOD CELL COUNT; EDTA ID HEMATOLOGY AB Of the three ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) salts used for anticoagulation of blood specimens for hematologic testing, potassium salts are the most readily soluble. Tripotassium EDTA is dispensed as a liquid and thus causes a slight dilution of the specimen. This salt also has been shown to affect the red blood cell size more at increased concentrations and on storage than the dipotassium salt. Therefore, dipotassium EDTA is recommended as the anticoagulant of choice in specimen collection for blood cell counting and sizing. The amount of dipotassium EDTA used is 1.5-2.2 mg (3.7-5.4 mumol) per milliliter of blood. C1 NCID,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,1-2302 MS D-17,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 100 IS 4 BP 371 EP 372 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA MB215 UT WOS:A1993MB21500003 ER PT J AU MODAN, B WAGENER, DK FELDMAN, JJ ROSENBERG, HM FEINLEIB, M AF MODAN, B WAGENER, DK FELDMAN, JJ ROSENBERG, HM FEINLEIB, M TI INCREASED MORTALITY FROM BRAIN-TUMORS - A COMBINED OUTCOME OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY AND CHANGE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD THE ELDERLY - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP MODAN, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 7 BP 552 EP 552 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MC311 UT WOS:A1993MC31100012 ER PT J AU BURKHART, G SCHULTE, PA ROBINSON, C SIEBER, WK VOSSENAS, P RINGEN, K AF BURKHART, G SCHULTE, PA ROBINSON, C SIEBER, WK VOSSENAS, P RINGEN, K TI JOB TASKS, POTENTIAL EXPOSURES, AND HEALTH RISKS OF LABORERS EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE LABORER; CONSTRUCTION; SAND HOG; HAULER; UNSKILLED TRADES; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS; NOISE; OSHA EXEMPTIONS; FATAL INJURIES; ECZEMA; BLACK MORTALITY; NO-COLLAR WORKERS ID PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; OCCUPATION; CANCER; INJURIES; PAINTERS AB Construction laborers have some of the highest death rates of any occupation in the United States. There has been very little systematic research focused exclusively on ''laborers'' as opposed to other workers in the construction industry. We reviewed the English language literature and various data bases describing the occupational tasks, exposures, and work-related health risks of construction laborers. The sources of information included 1) occupational mortality surveillance data collected by the states of California and Washington and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 2) National Occupational Exposure Survey; 3) national fatality data; 4) cancer registry data; and 5) case reports of specific causes of morbidity. While the literature reported that construction laborers have increased risk for mesothelioma, on-the-job trauma, acute lead poisoning, musculoskeletal injury, and dermatitis, the work relatedness of excess risks for all-cause mortality, cirrhosis, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and leukemia is less clear. Furthermore, while laborers are known to be potentially exposed to asbestos, noise, and lead, and the NIOSH Job Exposure Matrix describes other potential hazardous exposures, little research has characterized other possible exposures and no research has been found that describes the exposures associated with specific job tasks. More advanced study designs are needed that include a better understanding of the job tasks and exposures to construction laborers, in order to evaluate specific exposure-disease relationships and to develop intervention programs aimed at reducing the rate of work-related diseases. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS-R42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NR 46 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 413 EP 425 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700240407 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LY622 UT WOS:A1993LY62200006 PM 8250061 ER PT J AU NIU, MT COLEMAN, PJ ALTER, MJ AF NIU, MT COLEMAN, PJ ALTER, MJ TI MULTICENTER STUDY OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION IN CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND HEMODIALYSIS CENTER STAFF MEMBERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HEMODIALYSIS; INFECTION CONTROL ID NON-B HEPATITIS; NON-A; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; RISK; DIALYSIS; TRANSMISSION; UNITS RP NIU, MT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 568 EP 573 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA MC055 UT WOS:A1993MC05500011 PM 8213797 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM LUCAS, SB LUCAS, S AGNESS, J KADIO, A GAYLE, HD AF DECOCK, KM LUCAS, SB LUCAS, S AGNESS, J KADIO, A GAYLE, HD TI CLINICAL RESEARCH, PROPHYLAXIS, THERAPY, AND CARE FOR HIV DISEASE IN AFRICA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS PATIENTS; ZIDOVUDINE; TUBERCULOSIS; DEATH AB By the end of the century, citizens of resource-poor countries will constitute 90% of the world's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people. Clinical management of such persons in developing countries has been neglected; most AIDS research has concentrated on epidemiology, and donor agencies have generally invested in the prevention of HIV infection. The heavy burden of HIV disease in Africa requires that care for AIDS be addressed, and prevention and care should be seen as interrelated. Prevention and treatment of tuberculosis, the commonest severe infection in persons with AIDS in Africa, illustrate this interrelationship. We outline priorities for applied research on the management of HIV disease in a resource-poor environment, and discuss prophylaxis, therapy for opportunistic diseases, terminal care, and use of antiretroviral therapy. Research should define the standard of care that can realistically be demanded for HIV disease in a source-poor environment. Research and public health progams for AIDs in developing countries must address AIDS care and attempt to reduce the widening gap between interventions available for HIV-infected persons in different parts of the world. C1 PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UCI,SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNITED KINGDOM NGO AIDS CONSORTIUM,LONDON,ENGLAND. CHU TREICHVILLE,DEPT INFECT DIS,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1385 EP 1389 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.10.1385 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MA606 UT WOS:A1993MA60600004 PM 8214225 ER PT J AU CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW LIEB, L BECKETT, G CONTI, L COSTA, S DAHAN, B DANILA, R FORDYCE, EJ HIROZAWA, A SHIELDS, A SINGLETON, JA WOLD, C AF CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW LIEB, L BECKETT, G CONTI, L COSTA, S DAHAN, B DANILA, R FORDYCE, EJ HIROZAWA, A SHIELDS, A SINGLETON, JA WOLD, C TI CAUSES OF DEATH AMONG PERSONS REPORTED WITH AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS EPIDEMIC; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; STATISTICS; IMPACT; INFECTION; ACCURACY; TRENDS; INDEX; WOMEN AB Objectives. This study describes causes of death in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and assesses the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or AIDS on death certificates of persons with AIDS. Methods. AIDS case reports were linked with death certificates in 11 local/state health departments; underlying and associated causes of death were available for 32 513 persons with AIDS who died. Results. HIV/AIDS was designated as the underlying cause of death for 46% of persons with AIDS who died between 1983 and 1986 and 81% of persons with AIDS who died since 1987 (the year specific coding procedures were implemented for HIV/AIDS). Most other underlying causes of death were conditions within the AIDS case definition (notably Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), pneumonia, infections outside the AIDS case definition, and drug abuse. Unintentional injuries, suicide, and homicide were less common. HIV/AIDS was listed as underlying or associated on 88% of death certificates from 1987 to 1989; reporting varied primarily by HIV exposure category and time between diagnosis and death. Conclusions. Physicians and other health care professionals should realize their critical role in accurately documenting HIV-related mortality on death certificates. Such data can ultimately influence the allocation of health care resources for HIV-infected individuals. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,BOSTON,MA. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02130. MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,AUGUSTA,ME. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MSE-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1429 EP 1432 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.10.1429 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MA606 UT WOS:A1993MA60600013 PM 8214233 ER PT J AU KELLY, JJ CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW BOYD, D SINGLETON, J LIEB, L HIROZAWA, A DAHAN, B CONTI, L BECKETT, G BARETA, J WOLD, C LETOURNEAU, J BAUMGARTNER, T BALDWIN, J EDGE, K FORDYCE, EJ DECIANTIS, ML SHIELDS, A AF KELLY, JJ CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW BOYD, D SINGLETON, J LIEB, L HIROZAWA, A DAHAN, B CONTI, L BECKETT, G BARETA, J WOLD, C LETOURNEAU, J BAUMGARTNER, T BALDWIN, J EDGE, K FORDYCE, EJ DECIANTIS, ML SHIELDS, A TI AIDS DEATHS SHIFT FROM HOSPITAL TO HOME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objective. This study monitors trends in place of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a measure of health care usage patterns and terminal health care among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods. Sixteen health departments collected death certificates for 55 186 persons with AIDS whose deaths occurred through 1991. Place of death was categorized as hospital, residence, hospice or nursing home, and other. Results. The percentage of AIDS deaths at hospital facilities decreased from 92% in 1983 to 57% in 1991. In 1988, 23% of deaths occurred at home or in hospices and nursing homes. This trend was more evident among men, Whites, and men who had sex with men; less so among persons with other modes of exposure; and not at all among injecting drug users and children with perinatally acquired AIDS. Place of death varied by geographic location, with the greatest percentage of hospital deaths in the Northeast (91%) and the greatest percentage of at-home deaths in the West (27%). Conclusions. The percentage of AIDS deaths at home or in hospices and nursing homes has increased since 1983. These trends may reflect changes in hospital use for end-stage HIV infection. Decreasing hospitalization and increasing outpatient services and home care will decrease costs and may allow HIV-infected persons improved social support. C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH,PHOENIX,AZ. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,SACRAMENTO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,AUGUSTA,GA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02130. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. MEXICO HLTH & ENVIRONM DEPT,SANTA FE,NM. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,PROVIDENCE,RI. WASHINGTON STAT DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RP KELLY, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MSE-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1433 EP 1437 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.10.1433 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MA606 UT WOS:A1993MA60600014 PM 8214234 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, L BUEHLER, JW MORGAN, MW COSTA, S HIDALGO, J HOLMES, R LIEB, L SHIELDS, A WHYTE, B AF ROSENBLUM, L BUEHLER, JW MORGAN, MW COSTA, S HIDALGO, J HOLMES, R LIEB, L SHIELDS, A WHYTE, B TI HIV-INFECTION IN HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS AND MEDICAID ENROLLEES - THE ACCURACY OF MEDICAL RECORD CODING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID AIDS AB To evaluate the accuracy of computerized medical-record coding for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), medical charts were reviewed in six sites. In 7601 hospital and 867 Medicaid records with a listed diagnosis of HIV, the predictive value for HIV was 91% or higher. HIV was identified in 34% of 1155 Medicaid records listing immune disorder or illness in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance definition (without an HIV code). In hospital and Medicaid records, AIDS was identified both in records listing AIDS and records listing HIV without AIDS. HIV codes on hospital and Medicaid records were highly predictive for HIV; undercoding of HIV occurred in Medicaid records. C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,TRENTON,NJ. STATE DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. ALABAMA DEPT HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL. DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. STATE WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. RP ROSENBLUM, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 1993 VL 83 IS 10 BP 1457 EP 1459 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.10.1457 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MA606 UT WOS:A1993MA60600019 PM 8214239 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML DEMEESTER, LJ MARTIN, BW LAMMIE, PJ AF EBERHARD, ML DEMEESTER, LJ MARTIN, BW LAMMIE, PJ TI ZOONOTIC BRUGIA INFECTION IN WESTERN MICHIGAN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Note DE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ZOONOTIC INFECTION; MICHIGAN; BRUGIA WORM ID FILARIASIS; RABBITS AB A case of zoonotic lymphatic filariasis is reported from a resident of Michigan. Numerous sections of a small, nongravid female worm, measuring approximately 65 mum in diameter, were identified in histological preparations of an excised inguinal lymph node. Based on its location, small size, thin cuticle, small number of muscle cells, and paired uterine tubes, the worm was identified as a Brugia species, undoubtedly of zoonotic origin from the local animal population. The pathological response of the host to the parasite was one of hyperplastic lymph nodes with a focal granulomatous reaction. This is the first such case to be reported from Michigan and further expands the geographical range of states in which zoonotic Brugia infection have been reported. C1 NO OTTAWA COMMUNITY HOSP,GRAND HAVEN,MI. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH F13,PARASITOL ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0147-5185 J9 AM J SURG PATHOL JI Am. J. Surg. Pathol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1058 EP 1061 DI 10.1097/00000478-199310000-00012 PG 4 WC Pathology; Surgery SC Pathology; Surgery GA LZ182 UT WOS:A1993LZ18200012 PM 8372943 ER PT J AU GONGORABIACHI, RA GONZALEZMARTINEZ, P CASTROSSANSORES, C PAVIARUZ, N RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB AF GONGORABIACHI, RA GONZALEZMARTINEZ, P CASTROSSANSORES, C PAVIARUZ, N RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB TI HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II) INFECTION AMONG FEMALE PROSTITUTES IN YUCATAN, MEXICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE HTLV-II; PROSTITUTES; SEROPREVALENCE; PCR ID CELL LEUKEMIA; RISK-FACTORS; SEROPREVALENCE; INDIVIDUALS; POPULATION; EPITOPES; HIV AB The antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I/II (HTLV-I/II) were determined in non-intravenous drug-using female prostitutes from Merida Yucatan, Mexico. Serum specimens from 282 female prostitutes collected during 1990 were tested initially by enzyme immunoassay and further confirmed by western blot assays. Of these, 5 (1.8%, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 3.3) were shown to be HTLV-I/II positive (reactivity to p24gag and gp68/r21e(env)). All five specimens were shown to be infected with HTLV-II by immunoassays using type-specific synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins. Long-term cell lines developed from two individuals demonstrated active viral replication and were of CD8 phenotype. Polymerase chain reaction analysis from four of these five prostitutes demonstrated HTLV-II-specific amplification of all four specimens, of which one was subtype a (HTLV-IIa) and three were subtype b (HTLV-IIb). These data show that HTLV-II is the predominant HTLV type among female prostitutes from the Yucatan. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV YUCATAN,REG RES CTR DR HIDEYO NOGUCHI,HEMATOL LAB,MERIDA,YUCATAN,MEXICO. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 306 IS 4 BP 207 EP 211 DI 10.1097/00000441-199310000-00001 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MC616 UT WOS:A1993MC61600001 PM 8213887 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, FO KLEIN, RE FLORES, RZ WELLER, S GATICA, M ZEISSIG, R SEXTON, J AF RICHARDS, FO KLEIN, RE FLORES, RZ WELLER, S GATICA, M ZEISSIG, R SEXTON, J TI PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED BED NETS FOR MALARIA CONTROL IN NORTHERN GUATEMALA - EPIDEMIOLOGIC IMPACT AND COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID VOLUNTEER COLLABORATOR NETWORK; PARTICIPATION; SURVEILLANCE AB Permethrin-impregnated bed nets were, evaluated as a control measure for malaria in northern Guatemala. Twelve hundred forty participants were allocated to one of three experimental groups (impregnated bed nets [IBN], untreated bed nets [UBN], and controls) and followed up for a period of 13 months. The incidence density of malaria was significantly lower in both IBN (86 cases/ 1,000 person-years) and UBN groups (106/1,000) compared with that in controls (200/1,000). No difference in malaria incidence was noted between the IBN and UBN groups. Complaints of fever and chills were less frequent in the IBN group compared with controls. The participants were enthusiastic about the nets, which they saw as a means for avoiding nuisance insects more than for preventing malaria. Most (85%) wanted to wash their nets every 4-12 weeks, a practice known to shorten the duration of residual insecticide action. Larger studies are needed to determine whether or not impregnated bed nets offer an advantage over untreated nets in this setting. C1 UNIV GUATEMALA,CTR INVEST SALUD,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV TEXAS,DEPT PREVENT MED & COMMUNITY HLTH,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77555. MINIST SALUD PUBL & ASISTENCIA SOCIAL,DIV MALARIA,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP RICHARDS, FO (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 11 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 49 IS 4 BP 410 EP 418 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MD964 UT WOS:A1993MD96400002 PM 8214270 ER PT J AU SCOTT, JA BROGDON, WG COLLINS, FH AF SCOTT, JA BROGDON, WG COLLINS, FH TI IDENTIFICATION OF SINGLE SPECIMENS OF THE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; SEQUENCE; DIPTERA AB A ribosomal DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed for species identification of individuals of the five most widespread members of the Anopheles gambiae complex, a group of morphologically indistinguishable sibling mosquito species that includes the major vectors of malaria in Africa. The method, which is based on species-specific nucleotide sequences in the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers, may be used to identify both species and interspecies hybrids, regardless of life stage, using either extracted DNA or fragments of a specimen. Intact portions of a mosquito as small as an egg or the segment of one leg may be placed directly into the PCR mixture for amplification and analysis. The method uses a cocktail of five 20-base oligonucleotides to identify An. gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. quadriannnulatus, and either An. melas in western Africa or An. melas in eastern and southern Africa. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT ENTOMOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 20 TC 819 Z9 838 U1 7 U2 38 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 49 IS 4 BP 520 EP 529 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA MD964 UT WOS:A1993MD96400018 PM 8214283 ER PT J AU SERDULA, MK COLLINS, ME WILLIAMSON, DF ANDA, RF PAMUK, E BYERS, TE AF SERDULA, MK COLLINS, ME WILLIAMSON, DF ANDA, RF PAMUK, E BYERS, TE TI WEIGHT CONTROL PRACTICES OF UNITED-STATES ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHODS FOR VOLUNTARY WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NUTR COORDINATING COMM, NIH, OFF MED APPL RES ID PREVALENCE; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT AB Objective: To estimate the prevalence of various weight-loss practices in U.S. adolescents and adults. Design: The Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a self-administered survey of a random sample of high school students in 1990 and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit dial survey in 1989. Setting: Thirty-eight states and the District of Columbia. Participants: High school students (n = 11 467) and adults 18 years and older (n = 60 861). Results: Among high school students, 44% of female students and 15% of male students reported that they were trying to lose weight. An additional 26% of female students and 15% of male students reported that they were trying to keep from gaining more weight. Students reported that they had used the following weight control methods in the 7 days preceding the survey: exercise (51% of female students and 30% of male students); skipping meals (49% and 18%, respectively); taking diet pills (4% and 2%, respectively); and vomiting (3% and 1%, respectively). Among adults, 38% of women and 24% of men reported that they were trying to lose weight, whereas 28% of each sex reported that they were trying to maintain their weight. Conclusions: Attempts to lose or maintain weight are very prevalent among both adolescents and adults, especially among females. RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAILSTOP K26,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 13 TC 184 Z9 184 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 667 EP 671 PN 2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA330 UT WOS:A1993MA33000008 PM 8363194 ER PT J AU HORM, J ANDERSON, K AF HORM, J ANDERSON, K TI WHO IN AMERICA IS TRYING TO LOSE WEIGHT SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHODS FOR VOLUNTARY WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NUTR COORDINATING COMM, NIH, OFF MED APPL RES AB Objectives: To describe the characteristics and weight-loss methods of persons who are trying to lose weight; to compare the knowledges and practices regarding weight loss between those persons trying to lose weight and those not trying to lose weight; and to evaluate trends in these knowledges and practices between 1985 and 1990. Design: Large (approximately 120 000 persons per year), nationally representative random sample of the U.S. population. Setting: The 1985 and 1990 Health Promotion Disease Prevention Current Health Topics Supplements to the National Health Interview Survey. Participants: Random sample of the U.S. population. Measurements: Proportions of the NHIS sample with characteristics of interest weighted to be representative of the U.S. population. Results: Approximately 44 million persons 25 years or older were trying to lose weight in 1990; 61.8% of men and 59.6% of women were doing so by increasing their physical activity. Both proportions are significantly increased compared to the 1985 proportions of 56.9% and 56.2%, respectively. Twenty-seven percent of those persons who saw themselves as overweight were not trying to lose weight. Conclusions: More than one third of Americans see themselves as overweight, but fewer than two thirds of these persons are trying to lose weight. About 4% of self-perceived underweight persons and 11.4% of persons who think their weight was about right are also trying to lose weight. Most persons who are trying to lose weight are doing so by eating less, by increasing their physical activity, or by a combination of these methods. RP HORM, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH INTERVIEW STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 850,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 10 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 672 EP 676 PN 2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA330 UT WOS:A1993MA33000009 PM 8363195 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF PAMUK, ER AF WILLIAMSON, DF PAMUK, ER TI THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN WEIGHT-LOSS AND INCREASED LONGEVITY - A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHODS FOR VOLUNTARY WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NUTR COORDINATING COMM, NIH, OFF MED APPL RES AB Six published observational epidemiologic studies have reported evidence of reduced mortality rates in persons who have lost weight. In two studies, the reported protective effects of weight loss on mortality could not be justified by the data. In two other studies, weight loss was associated with both increased and decreased longevity in different subgroups. Only one study provided information on whether the weight loss was voluntary, but this study found similar effects of weight loss regardless of volition. These studies provided only limited information on the magnitude of weight loss associated with changes in longevity and no information on the types of methods used to achieve weight loss. Because of difficulties in studying long-term health outcomes related to obesity treatment, randomized, controlled trials are unlikely to provide a practical study design for this issue. Properly designed observational studies will probably provide the most useful information on the effects of voluntary weight loss on longevity. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,K-26,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 731 EP 736 PN 2 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA330 UT WOS:A1993MA33000021 PM 8363207 ER PT J AU PAMUK, ER WILLIAMSON, DF SERDULA, MK MADANS, J BYERS, TE AF PAMUK, ER WILLIAMSON, DF SERDULA, MK MADANS, J BYERS, TE TI WEIGHT-LOSS AND SUBSEQUENT DEATH IN A COHORT OF UNITED-STATES ADULTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON METHODS FOR VOLUNTARY WEIGHT-LOSS AND CONTROL CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1992 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NIH, NUTR COORDINATING COMM, NIH, OFF MED APPL RES ID BODY-WEIGHT; CORONARY-DISEASE; MORTALITY; FRAMINGHAM; LONGEVITY; HEALTH; MEN; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; OBESITY AB Objective: Because we previously found that weight loss was associated with increased risk for death in all but very overweight men in a cohort of U.S. adults, we undertook a new analysis to determine whether inadequate control for preexisting illness or cigarette smoking contributed to this association. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971 to 1975) collected information on maximum lifetime weight and measured current weight on a probability sample of U.S. adults. The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study determined the vital status of participants through 1987. Participants: Men (n = 2453) and women (n = 2739) who were 45 to 74 years old at the time of the NHANES I examination. Results: The effect of excluding persons who died within the first 5 and first 8 years after baseline was examined to limit the influence of weight loss due to preexisting illness. For women, extension of the exclusionary period weakened the association between weight loss and increased risk for death from noncardiovascular disease. However, excluding death for as much as 8 years after baseline did not affect the strong association between weight loss and increased risk for death from cardiovascular disease among men and women with maximum body mass indexes between 26 and 29 (relative risks of up to 2.1 and 3.6 for men and women, respectively, after excluding deaths in the first 8 years). Results were not substantially altered by limiting the analysis to persons who never smoked. Conclusions: Preexisting illness may influence the association between weight loss and death principally through deaths from noncardiovascular disease. For some persons, weight loss is associated with an increased risk for death, even after excluding deaths occurring in the first 8 years. RP PAMUK, ER (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR K-26,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 7 BP 744 EP 748 PN 2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MA330 UT WOS:A1993MA33000023 PM 8363209 ER PT J AU TAN, B WELDONLINNE, CM RHONE, DP PENNING, CL VISVESVARA, GS AF TAN, B WELDONLINNE, CM RHONE, DP PENNING, CL VISVESVARA, GS TI ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION PRESENTING AS SKIN-LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AIDS AB Acanthamoeba organisms are a well-known, although rare, cause of central nervous system infection in immunodeficient hosts, including those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Extracerebral acanthamebiasis, with the exception of contact lens-associated keratitis, is reported but little emphasized in the literature. We describe two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in whom skin lesions were the primary manifestations of Acanthamoeba infection. Central nervous system disease was proved in one patient and suspected, but unproved, in the other. The skin lesions exhibited an intact epidermis with suppurative inflammation of the subcutis, associated with numerous amebic cysts and trophozoites. The amebic cyst walls stained with periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori's methenamine-silver stains, creating confusion with Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast in one instance. Immunofluorescence studies and culture identified the organisms as an Acanthamoeba species. Preliminary studies in one of the cases suggested a previously undescribed Acanthamoeba species as the etiologic agent. Our experience emphasizes that skin lesions may be the presenting sign of disseminated Acanthamoeba infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,METROPOLITAN GRP HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. CARLE CLIN ASSOC,URBANA,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP TAN, B (reprint author), ILLINOIS MASONIC MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,836 W WELLINGTON AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60657, USA. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 117 IS 10 BP 1043 EP 1046 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA MA610 UT WOS:A1993MA61000023 PM 8215828 ER PT J AU ACTON, PA FARLEY, T FRENI, LW ILEGBODU, VA SNIEZEK, JE WOHLLEB, JC AF ACTON, PA FARLEY, T FRENI, LW ILEGBODU, VA SNIEZEK, JE WOHLLEB, JC TI TRAUMATIC SPINAL-CORD INJURY IN ARKANSAS, 1980 TO 1989 SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72204. ARKANSAS STATE SPINAL CORD COMMISS,LITTLE ROCK,AR. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR. FU PHS HHS [13283] NR 29 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 74 IS 10 BP 1035 EP 1040 DI 10.1016/0003-9993(93)90058-I PG 6 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA MB216 UT WOS:A1993MB21600005 PM 8215853 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, JH EVATT, B WIDEMAN, C FERNANDEZ, JA AF GRIFFIN, JH EVATT, B WIDEMAN, C FERNANDEZ, JA TI ANTICOAGULANT PROTEIN-C PATHWAY DEFECTIVE IN MAJORITY OF THROMBOPHILIC PATIENTS SO BLOOD LA English DT Note ID THROMBOTIC DISEASE; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; PURPURA FULMINANS; ANTITHROMBIN-III; DEFICIENCY; THROMBOEMBOLISM; PREVALENCE; FREQUENCY; NEWBORN C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, COMM VASC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP GRIFFIN, JH (reprint author), SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOLEC & EXPTL MED, 10666 TORREY PINES RD,SCR-5, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. RI Fernandez, Jose/A-3211-2008 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR00833]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-31950] NR 19 TC 499 Z9 502 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD OCT 1 PY 1993 VL 82 IS 7 BP 1989 EP 1993 PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA MA663 UT WOS:A1993MA66300009 PM 8400251 ER PT J AU SCOTT, NA CANDAL, FJ ROBINSON, KA ADES, EW AF SCOTT, NA CANDAL, FJ ROBINSON, KA ADES, EW TI SEEDING OF INTRACORONARY STENTS WITH HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 150 EP 150 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68200835 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, PZ MERRITT, RK KENDRICK, J ESCOBEDO, LG AF SIEGEL, PZ MERRITT, RK KENDRICK, J ESCOBEDO, LG TI STATE-SPECIFIC TRENDS IN SMOKING AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE, 1987-1991 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT PY 1993 VL 88 IS 4 BP 221 EP 221 PN 2 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA MA682 UT WOS:A1993MA68201220 ER PT J AU WAYMACK, PP MILLER, WG MYERS, GL AF WAYMACK, PP MILLER, WG MYERS, GL TI ASSAY INSTRUMENT-DEPENDENT MATRIX EFFECTS IN STANDARDIZATION OF CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENTS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE REFERENCE METHOD; VARIATION, SOURCE OF; CENTRIFUGAL ANALYZER; NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM ID TOTAL SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DEFINITIVE METHOD AB Human serum-based frozen reference materials have been used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Lipid Standardization Program to improve the precision and accuracy of blood cholesterol measurements. Occasionally, laboratories in the program have had problems obtaining results for patients' fresh serum samples equivalent to those obtained with frozen CDC standardization pools. This incompatibility of sample, reagent, instrument, and assay characteristics has been labeled broadly as a ''matrix effect,'' which usually is attributed to unknown characteristics of the processed pool material. In this study we showed that a large negative bias obtained with CDC pools was attributable to use of the sample blank mode on the Cobas-Bio analyzer. However, under the same conditions, fresh patients' serum samples were analyzed accurately. The use of a blank absorbance immediately after mixing sample and reagents (the ''autoblank'' mode) allowed the instrument to accurately analyze both fresh serum samples and CDC standardization pools and thus allowed the documentation of traceability of the cholesterol measurements to the National Reference System for Cholesterol. C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. RP WAYMACK, PP (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 39 IS 10 BP 2058 EP 2062 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA MC295 UT WOS:A1993MC29500004 PM 8403391 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR BIA, FJ HEALD, PW EISEN, RN PATTERSON, TF EDELSON, RL AF FRIEDEN, TR BIA, FJ HEALD, PW EISEN, RN PATTERSON, TF EDELSON, RL TI CUTANEOUS CRYPTOCOCCOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA RECEIVING THERAPY WITH PHOTOPHERESIS AND METHOTREXATE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID EXTRACORPOREAL PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; MYCOSIS-FUNGOIDES; SEZARY-SYNDROME; INFECTION; LEUKEMIA AB Photopheresis is being used with increasing frequency as therapy for patients with neoplastic and dermatologic diseases and is being evaluated as therapy for patients with AIDS. We describe a patient with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma who developed pulmonary and cutaneous cryptococcosis after receiving therapy with photopheresis and biweekly methotrexate. We consider the potential roles of cutaneous T cell lymphoma, methotrexate, and photopheresis as predisposing factors in the development of serious cryptococcal infections. C1 YALE UNIV, SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,INFECT DIS SECT, 333 CEDAR ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA USA. YALE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PATHOL, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. YALE UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT DERMATOL, NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 776 EP 778 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MA709 UT WOS:A1993MA70900026 PM 8268362 ER PT J AU CASTRO, KG WARD, JW SLUTSKER, L BUEHLER, JW JAFFE, HW BERKELMAN, RL CURRAN, JW AF CASTRO, KG WARD, JW SLUTSKER, L BUEHLER, JW JAFFE, HW BERKELMAN, RL CURRAN, JW TI 1993 REVISED CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM FOR HIV-INFECTION AND EXPANDED SURVEILLANCE CASE-DEFINITION FOR AIDS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG RR 17, 1992) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Reprint ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL-HISTORY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; CERVICAL DYSPLASIA; TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE AB CDC has revised the classification system for HIV infection to emphasize the clinical importance of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in the categorization of HIV-related clinical conditions. This classification system replaces the system published by CDC in 1986 [1] and is primarily intended for use in public health practice. Consistent with the 1993 revised classification system, CDC has also expanded the AIDS surveillance case definition to include all HIV-infected persons who have <200 CD4+ T-lymphocytes/muL, or a CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage of total lymphocytes of < 14. This expansion includes the addition of three clinical conditions-pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer-and retains the 23 clinical conditions in the AIDS surveillance case definition published in 1987 [2]; it is to be used by all states for AIDS case reporting effective January 1, 1993. RP CASTRO, KG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 73 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 17 IS 4 BP 802 EP 810 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA MA709 UT WOS:A1993MA70900033 ER PT J AU REISS, E MORRISON, CJ AF REISS, E MORRISON, CJ TI NONCULTURE METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF DISSEMINATED CANDIDIASIS SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB Nonculture methods to diagnose disseminated candidiasis (DC) are needed because blood cultures are nonproductive for 27% or more of patients with DC. Recent reports indicate the emergence of Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida krusie as agents of DC in addition to Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The Candida species metabolite D-arabinitol, expressed as serum D-arabinitol/creatinine, is an indicator of DC in as many as two-thirds of patients studied. Detection is expedited by an enzymatic-fluorometric assay kit as an alternative to gas-liquid chromatography, but interference from mannitol may detract from test specificity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified Candida species DNA has been recovered from blood and urine samples from a small number of human subjects. PCR-based tests are promising but cumbersome prototypes. The sensitivity to detect 1 to 10 CFU/ml of blood has not been reliably achieved. Immunoassay detection of marker antigens for DC has proceeded on several fronts. A liposomal immunoassay kit for the 48-kDa enolase received a successful prospective clinical evaluation. Secreted aspartyl proteinase was detected in urine from immunosuppressed rabbits with DC, but data on human subjects are unavailable. Western blot (immunoblot) was used to detect antigenuria, and this method appears promising. The cell wall mannoprotein (mannan) of Candida species circulates in the low nanogram-per-milliliter range in DC, but frequent sampling is needed for detection during granulocytopenia. The incorporation in the sandwich enzyme immunoassay of antibodies of broad specificity, reflecting the epitopes of C. albicans and the mannan of emerging Candida species, is necessary for maximal sensitivity. RP REISS, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 311 EP 323 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MF025 UT WOS:A1993MF02500001 PM 8269389 ER PT J AU EMORI, TG GAYNES, RP AF EMORI, TG GAYNES, RP TI AN OVERVIEW OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS, INCLUDING THE ROLE OF THE MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB An estimated 2 million patients develop nosocomial infections in the United States annually. The increasing number of antimicrobial agent-resistant pathogens and high-risk patients in hospitals are challenges to progress in preventing and controlling these infections. While Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus remain the most common pathogens isolated overall from nosocomial infections, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), organisms previously considered contaminants in most cultures, are now the predominant pathogens in bloodstream infections. The growing number of antimicrobial agent-resistant organisms is troublesome, particularly vancomycin-resistant CoNS and Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to imipenem. The active involvement and cooperation of the microbiology laboratory are important to the infection control program, particularly in surveillance and the use of laboratory services for epidemiologic purposes. Surveillance is used to identify possible infection problems, monitor infection trends, and assess the quality of care in the hospital. It requires high-quality laboratory data that are timely and easily accessible. RP EMORI, TG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 699 Z9 739 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 428 EP 442 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MF025 UT WOS:A1993MF02500006 PM 8269394 ER PT J AU DREVLOW, BE GARRY, EM KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE FUKUDA, K RAMSEYGOLDMAN, R AF DREVLOW, BE GARRY, EM KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE FUKUDA, K RAMSEYGOLDMAN, R TI RETROVIRAL RISK-FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHICAGO,IL 60611. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP A646 EP A646 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LY017 UT WOS:A1993LY01700287 ER PT J AU VOHRA, K BUTT, R WOODARD, B SCHABLE, B MILLER, MJ KHAN, AJ AF VOHRA, K BUTT, R WOODARD, B SCHABLE, B MILLER, MJ KHAN, AJ TI NEONATAL SEPSIS DUE TO ENTEROBACTER-AEROGENES (EA) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 INTERFAITH MED CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP A605 EP A605 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA LY017 UT WOS:A1993LY01700071 ER PT J AU KAPPERUD, G SKJERVE, E VIK, L HAUGE, K LYSAKER, A AALMEN, I OSTROFF, SM POTTER, M AF KAPPERUD, G SKJERVE, E VIK, L HAUGE, K LYSAKER, A AALMEN, I OSTROFF, SM POTTER, M TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF RISK-FACTORS FOR CAMPYLOBACTER COLONIZATION IN NORWEGIAN BROILER FLOCKS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID THERMOTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER; CECAL COLONIZATION; JEJUNI INFECTION; CHICKENS; POULTRY; NORWAY; TRANSMISSION; COLI; CONTAMINANTS; ENTERITIS AB An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify risk factors related to hygiene and husbandry practices which determine the introduction of Campylobacter spp. into broiler chicken flocks. All 176 broiler farms in an area in southeastern Norway participated in the study. Each farm was represented by one flock selected at random during a one-year period. The flocks were examined for campylobacter colonization at slaughter, and the flock managers were subsequently interviewed about hygiene and husbandry practices. Campylobacter spp. were recovered from 32 (18%) of the flocks. The proportion of colonized flocks varied geographically and seasonally with a peak in the autumn. The following variables were found to be independently associated with an increased risk of campylobacter colonization using logistic regression analysis: (i) feeding the broilers undisinfected water (odds ratio (OR) = 3.42, P = 0.045), (ii) tending other poultry prior to entering the broiler house (OR = 6.43, P = 0.007), (iii) tending pigs before entering the house (OR = 4.86, P = 0.037), (iv) geographic region Hedmark versus Ostfold county) (OR = 2.91, P = 0.023, (v) season (autumn versus other seasons) (OR = 3.43, P = 0.008). Presence of rats on the farm was associated with an increased risk, but this factor did not reach statistical significance (OR = 3.96, P = 0.083). Preventive measures should include disinfection of drinking water and strict hygienic routines when the farm workers enter the rearing room. The results indicate that disinfection of drinking water is the preventive measure most likely to have the greatest impact on the prevalence of campylobacter among broiler chicken flocks in the study area (population attributable fraction = 0.53). C1 NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,N-0033 OSLO,NORWAY. FOOD INSPECT SERV INDRE OSTFOLD,N-1850 MYSEN,NORWAY. FOOD INSPECT SERV SOR OSTERDAL,N-2401 ELVERUM,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAPPERUD, G (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH,DEPT BACTERIOL,N-0462 OSLO,NORWAY. NR 37 TC 151 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 111 IS 2 BP 245 EP 255 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MC681 UT WOS:A1993MC68100008 PM 8405152 ER PT J AU ROSA, RR BONNET, MH AF ROSA, RR BONNET, MH TI PERFORMANCE AND ALERTNESS ON 8 H AND 12 H ROTATING SHIFTS AT A NATURAL-GAS UTILITY SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE EXTENDED WORKDAYS; WORK SCHEDULING; SHIFTWORK; HUMAN PERFORMANCE; SLEEP ID EXTENDED WORKDAYS; SLEEP; SCHEDULES; FATIGUE; 8-HOUR AB An 8 h/5-7 day shift schedule was compared with a newly instituted 12 h/2-4 day schedule in this, our second worksite study of extended workshifts. Workers completed a performance/alertness test battery, and a questionnaire on sleep patterns and other personal habits, 2-4 times a week on all shifts. After 10 months adaptation to the 12 h shift schedule, there were decrements in performance/alertness attributable to the extra 4 h on the extended shift. There were also reductions in sleep across the workweek which were most apparent on 12 h night shifts. The results are consistent with our first worksite study of 12 h shifts and indicate extra caution should be exercised when scheduling critical activities for extended workshifts, especially extended night shifts. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,SLEEP LAB,DAYTON,OH. RP ROSA, RR (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 32 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD OCT PY 1993 VL 36 IS 10 BP 1177 EP 1193 DI 10.1080/00140139308967987 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA LY816 UT WOS:A1993LY81600003 PM 8223409 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, MJ TANKERSLEY, DL LAMBERT, S MEEKS, E BEACH, M BRADLEY, DW BRAZZEAL, D SPELBRING, JE AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K ALTER, MJ TANKERSLEY, DL LAMBERT, S MEEKS, E BEACH, M BRADLEY, DW BRAZZEAL, D SPELBRING, JE TI STUDIES ON PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF HEPATITIS-C IMMUNOGLOBULINS (HCIG) IN EXPERIMENTAL HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCID,DVRD,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 1993 VL 18 IS 4 BP A110 EP A110 DI 10.1016/0270-9139(93)91968-X PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LY995 UT WOS:A1993LY99500215 ER PT J AU BOND, WW AF BOND, WW TI BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR A LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILIZER - REPLY SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP BOND, WW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 14 IS 10 BP 565 EP 565 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA MB282 UT WOS:A1993MB28200006 ER PT J AU WENGER, JD AF WENGER, JD TI IMPACT OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B VACCINES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Review DE CONJUGATE VACCINES; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; BACTERIAL MENINGITIS ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; HBOC VACCINE; EFFICACY; CHILDREN; INFANTS; COUNTY; IMMUNIZATION; SURVEILLANCE AB Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in the United States in the 1980s. Although introduction of Hib polysaccharide vaccines had little impact on disease incidence, development and use of Hib polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines dramatically reduced Hib meningitis rates. With widespread use of the new Hib conjugate vaccine, elimination of Hib meningitis in the United States may be achieved. Development of similar vaccines for other bacterial agents of meningitis are in progress. RP WENGER, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 2 IS 5 BP 324 EP 332 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NC594 UT WOS:A1993NC59400004 PM 8173815 ER PT J AU MAWLE, AC REYES, M SCHMID, DS AF MAWLE, AC REYES, M SCHMID, DS TI IS CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AN INFECTIOUS-DISEASE SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Article ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS; MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ADVANCED CANCER; EARLY ANTIGEN; LYME-DISEASE; INTERLEUKIN-2; PERSISTENT RP MAWLE, AC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 2 IS 5 BP 333 EP 341 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA NC594 UT WOS:A1993NC59400005 PM 8173816 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA POPOVICI, F BELDESCU, N SHAPIRO, CN HERSH, BS AF WOODRUFF, BA POPOVICI, F BELDESCU, N SHAPIRO, CN HERSH, BS TI HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT-WOMEN IN NORTHEASTERN ROMANIA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AFRICA AB We conducted a serological survey of pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in northeastern Romania to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in this population. Overall, 162 (28%) of 573 women had evidence of past or current HBV infection, and 48 (8.4%) were carriers. The prevalence of past or current infection rose with age, but did not differ by educational level, occupation, or rural versus urban residence. Integration of hepatitis B vaccine into routine childhood immunization schedules, with the first dose given at birth, may have a substantial impact on HBV infection in Romania by preventing both perinatal and early childhood transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ROMANIA MINIST HLTH,PREVENT MED DEPT,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WOODRUFF, BA (reprint author), PHS,REG 9,50 UNITED NAT PLAZA,ROOM 349-A,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 923 EP 926 DI 10.1093/ije/22.5.923 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ331 UT WOS:A1993MJ33100022 PM 8282474 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW PATRIARCA, PA SULEIMAN, AJM PALLANSCH, MA ZELL, ER MALANKAR, PG BROGAN, S ALGHASSANI, AAK ELBUALY, MS AF SUTTER, RW PATRIARCA, PA SULEIMAN, AJM PALLANSCH, MA ZELL, ER MALANKAR, PG BROGAN, S ALGHASSANI, AAK ELBUALY, MS TI PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN OMAN - ASSOCIATION BETWEEN REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACK RATE AND VARIATIONS IN ANTIBODY-RESPONSES TO ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; ERADICATION; CHILDREN AB Variation in attack rates of paralytic disease by region during the 1988-1989 epidemic of type 1 poliomyelitis in Oman provided the stimulus to test the hypothesis that these observations were due to regional differences in the response of infants to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Seroprevalence studies of 394 children born during the outbreak were conducted in six different regions of Oman and in two socioeconomic status (SES) groups in the capital city of Muscat; a seroconversion study was also carried out in 105 infants born after the outbreak. Seroprevalence rates by region after receipt of at least three doses of OPV ranged from 90% to 100% (median 94%) to poliovirus type 1, and from 86% to 100% (median 97%) to type 2, and from 47% to 79% (median 72%) to type 3, with the lowest rates observed in regions with the highest incidence of type 1 paralytic disease. In Muscat, seroprevalence rates were also significantly lower in low versus high SES groups (type 1: 84% versus 98%, respectively [P = 0.006]; type 3: 59% versus 86%, respectively [P = 0.001]). In the seroconversion study conducted after the outbreak, 89%, 100% and 50% of infants had detectable antibodies to types 1, 2, and 3, respectively, after four doses of OPV. Low responses to type 3 were also associated with the occurrence of sporadic cases of type 3 poliomyelitis in 1991, in spite of high rates of coverage with at least four doses of OPV (>96%) throughout the country. These findings demonstrate that antibody responses to OPV may vary widely within individual countries, and that a uniform strategy to deliver at least three doses in routine programmes may be insufficient to achieve elimination of wild poliovirus infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT EO5,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST HLTH,MASQAT,OMAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 22 IS 5 BP 936 EP 944 DI 10.1093/ije/22.5.936 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MJ331 UT WOS:A1993MJ33100025 PM 8282476 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ GRIMONT, PAD STEIGERWALT, AG FANNING, GR AGERON, E RIDDLE, CF AF BRENNER, DJ GRIMONT, PAD STEIGERWALT, AG FANNING, GR AGERON, E RIDDLE, CF TI CLASSIFICATION OF CITROBACTERIA BY DNA HYBRIDIZATION - DESIGNATION OF CITROBACTER-FARMERI SP-NOV, CITROBACTER-YOUNGAE SP-NOV, CITROBACTER-BRAAKII SP-NOV, CITROBACTER-WERKMANII SP-NOV, CITROBACTER-SEDLAKII SP-NOV, AND 3 UNNAMED CITROBACTER GENOMOSPECIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL SPECIMENS; IDENTIFICATION AB DNA relatedness studies (hydroxyapatite method) were done on 112 strains of citrobacteria. By using the recommended definition of a genomospecies 11 genomospecies were identified in the genus Citrobacter. These genomospecies were separable by their biochemical profiles. Citrobacter koseri (Citrobacter diversus) and Citrobacter amalonaticus proved to be homogeneous species, as previously described. C. amalonaticus biogroup 1, as described by Farmer et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 21:46-76, 1985), was shown to be a separate homogeneous species, which was named Citrobacter farmeri sp. nov. The Citrobacter freundii complex was quite heterogeneous. C.freundii sensu stricto, as represented by the type strain, contained only 9 of 66 strains in this complex. The remaining 57 strains were members of seven genomospecies. Genomospecies 5, containing 21 strains, was named Citrobacter youngae sp. nov. Genomospecies 6, containing 15 strains, was named Citrobacter braakii sp. nov. Genomospecies 7 and 8, each containing six strains, were named Citrobacter werkmanii sp. nov. and Citrobacter sedlakii sp. nov., respectively. Genomospecies 9, 10, and 11, each containing three strains, were not named. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST PASTEUR,INST NATL RECH SCI,UNITE ENTEROBACTERIES,UNITE 199,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV BIOCHEM,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 645 EP 658 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC210 UT WOS:A1993MC21000003 PM 8240948 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ OCONNOR, SP WINKLER, HH STEIGERWALT, AG AF BRENNER, DJ OCONNOR, SP WINKLER, HH STEIGERWALT, AG TI PROPOSALS TO UNIFY THE GENERA BARTONELLA AND ROCHALIMAEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF BARTONELLA-QUINTANA COMB-NOV, BARTONELLA-VINSONII COMB-NOV, BARTONELLA-HENSELAE COMB-NOV, AND BARTONELLA-ELIZABETHAE COMB-NOV, AND TO REMOVE THE FAMILY BARTONELLACEAE FROM THE ORDER RICKETTSIALES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; PELIOSIS HEPATIS; VOLE AGENT; BACILLIFORMIS; SEQUENCE; PROTEOBACTERIA AB DNA hybridization data (hydroxyapatite method, 50 to 70-degrees-C) indicate that Rickettsia prowazekii, the type species of the type genus of the family Rickettsiaceae, is substantially less closely related to Rochalimaea species than was previously thought. The levels of relatedness of Rickettsia prowazekii to Rochalimaea species and to Bartonella bacilliformis under optimal conditions for DNA reassociation were 0 to 14%, with 25.5% or greater divergence in related sequences. When stringent reassociation criteria were used, the levels of relatedness were 0 to 2%. The genera Bartonella and Rochalimaea are currently classified in different families (the Bartonellaceae and the Rickettsiaceae) in the order Rickeusiales. On the basis of DNA relatedness data, previous 16S rRNA sequence data, guanine-plus-cytosine contents, and phenotypic characteristics, neither Bartonella bacilliformis nor Rochalimaea species are closely related to other organisms currently classified in the order Rickettsiales. In fact, the closest relative of these organisms is Brucella abortus. It is therefore proposed that the family Bartonellaceae should be removed from the order Rickettsiales. Previous 16S rRNA sequence data and DNA hybridization data revealed high levels of relatedness between Bartonella bacilliformis and the four Rochalimaea species, indicating that these species are members of a single genus. It is proposed that the genus Rochalimaea should be united with the genus Bartonella in the family Bartonellaceae. The name Bartonella is retained as the genus name since it has nomenclatural priority over the name Rochalimaea. This means that new combinations for the Rochalimaea species must be created. Proposals are therefore made for the creation of Bartonella quintana comb. nov., Bartonella vinsonii comb. nov., Bartonella henselae comb. nov., and Bartonella elizabethae comb. nov. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SO ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,MOBILE,AL 36688. RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 63 TC 285 Z9 301 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 777 EP 786 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC210 UT WOS:A1993MC21000019 PM 8240958 ER PT J AU WHITNEY, AM OCONNOR, SP AF WHITNEY, AM OCONNOR, SP TI PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF GEMELLA-MORBILLORUM TO GEMELLA-HAEMOLYSANS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SP-NOV; STREPTOCOCCUS-MORBILLORUM; GEN-NOV; ENDOCARDITIS; DIFFERENTIATION; AEROCOCCUS; ORGANISMS AB Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (16S rDNA) of Gemella morbillorum and Gemella haemolysans were determined by sequencing polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. A phylogenetic analysis of 53 eubacterial 16S rRNA sequences grouped the gemellae on a distinct branch separate from the 18 members of the genus Streptococcus. DNA-DNA hybridization results indicate that the two gemellae are related at the genus level but are not a single species. RP WHITNEY, AM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 832 EP 838 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC210 UT WOS:A1993MC21000028 PM 8240963 ER PT J AU BUTLER, WR OCONNOR, SP YAKRUS, MA SMITHWICK, RW PLIKAYTIS, BB MOSS, CW FLOYD, MM WOODLEY, CL KILBURN, JO VADNEY, FS GROSS, WM AF BUTLER, WR OCONNOR, SP YAKRUS, MA SMITHWICK, RW PLIKAYTIS, BB MOSS, CW FLOYD, MM WOODLEY, CL KILBURN, JO VADNEY, FS GROSS, WM TI MYCOBACTERIUM-CELATUM SP-NOV (VOL 43, PG 548, 1993) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS,VA REFERENCE LAB TUBERCULOSIS & OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DIS,W HAVEN,CT 06516. RP BUTLER, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 43 IS 4 BP 868 EP 868 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MC210 UT WOS:A1993MC21000040 ER PT J AU MAMOLEN, M BREIMAN, RF BARBAREE, JM GUNN, RA STONE, KM SPIKA, JS DENNIS, DT MAO, SH VOGT, RL AF MAMOLEN, M BREIMAN, RF BARBAREE, JM GUNN, RA STONE, KM SPIKA, JS DENNIS, DT MAO, SH VOGT, RL TI USE OF MULTIPLE MOLECULAR SUBTYPING TECHNIQUES TO INVESTIGATE A LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE OUTBREAK DUE TO IDENTICAL STRAINS AT 2 TOURIST LODGES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A multistate outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurred among nine tour groups of senior citizens returning from stays at one of two lodges in a Vermont resort in October 1987. Interviews and serologic studies of 383 (85%) of the tour members revealed 17 individuals (attack rate, 4.4%) with radiologically documented pneumonia and laboratory evidence of legionellosis. A survey of tour groups staying at four nearby lodges and of Vermont-area medical facilities revealed no additional cases. Environmental investigation of common tour stops revealed no likely aerosol source of Legionella infection outside the lodges. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from water sources at both implicated lodges, and the monoclonal antibody subtype matched those of the isolates from six patients from whom clinical isolates were obtained. The cultures reacted with monoclonal antibodies MAB1, MAB2, 33G2, and 144C2 to yield a 1,2,5,7 or a Benidorm 030E pattern. The strains were also identical by alloenzyme electrophoresis and DNA ribotyping techniques. The epidemiologic and laboratory data suggest that concurrent outbreaks occurred following exposures to the same L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strain at two separate lodges. Multiple molecular subtyping techniques can provide essential information for epidemiologic investigations of Legionnaires' disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,BURLINGTON,VT 05401. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA 17108. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2584 EP 2588 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900005 PM 8253953 ER PT J AU PEARSON, ML PEGUES, DA CARSON, LA ODONNELL, R BERGER, RH ANDERSON, RL JARVIS, WR AF PEARSON, ML PEGUES, DA CARSON, LA ODONNELL, R BERGER, RH ANDERSON, RL JARVIS, WR TI CLUSTER OF ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE PSEUDOBACTEREMIAS ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF AN AGAR SLANT BLOOD CULTURING SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; INFECTIONS AB From 1 February through 12 October 1990, 27 blood cultures processed at Shiprock Hospital were positive for Enterobacter cloacae; only 3 had been reported in the preceding 12 months. Twenty (74%) of the cultures were obtained from patients without clinical evidence of gram-negative septicemia. The increase in E. cloacae-positive blood cultures was temporally associated with the introduction of a new blood culturing system. To evaluate potential risk factors for an E. cloacae-positive blood culture (case-culture), we conducted a case-control study. Case-cultures were compared with 81 randomly selected cultures that were processed during the epidemic period and that were not positive for E. cloacae (controls). Because several factors suggested the possibility of pseudoinfection, we limited our analysis to the 20 blood cultures that appeared to be contaminants. Blood samples received in the laboratory during the midnight shift (5 of 20 [25%] versus 5 of 81 [6%]; odds ratio, 5.1; 95% confidence intervals, 1.01 to 24.6; P = 0.02) or present in the incubator with other E. cloacae-positive samples (17 of 20 [85%] versus 29 of 81 [36%]; odds ratio, 10.2, 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 57.3; P < 0.001) were at increased risk for contamination. During mock experiments of the procedures for processing blood samples for culture, several breaks in aseptic technique and leakage from the blood culturing system were observed. Cultures of samples obtained from several environmental sites in the laboratory and the hand washings of two laboratory technicians grew E. cloacae. Plasmid and restriction enzyme analyses of E. cloacae isolates recovered from the patients' blood cultures, the two technicians' hand washings, and environmental sites in the laboratory indicated that all had identical plasmid profiles. Our findings suggest that the breaks in aseptic technique and the environmental contamination that occurred in association with the use of the new blood culturing system resulted in contamination of the blood cultures. This outbreak highlights the importance of routine environmental cleaning, periodic quality control assessments, and adherence to aseptic practices in clinical laboratories, particularly when new methods or equipment are introduced and/or new personnel are hired. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,SHIPROCK HOSP,MICROBIOL LAB,SHIPROCK,NM 87420. INDIAN HLTH SERV,INST ENVIRONM CONTROL,WINDOW ROCK,AZ 86515. RP PEARSON, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2599 EP 2603 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900008 PM 8253954 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, KM PARKINSON, AJ BLACK, CM MAYER, LW AF RUDOLPH, KM PARKINSON, AJ BLACK, CM MAYER, LW TI EVALUATION OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SENSITIVE DETECTION; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; DNA; PCR; PRODUCTS; BLOOD AB To test the ability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood, we generated two sets of nested primers. The first defined 559-bp and 649-bp regions of the pneumolysin gene, and the second defined 445-bp and 553-bp regions of the autolysin gene. These nucleotide segments were detected in DNAs from isolates of all 20 pneumococcal serotypes tested, but they were not detected when used to test DNAs from 41 isolates of nonpneumococcal bacteria and fungi. The sensitivity was evaluated by using purified pneumococcal DNA. We were able to detect 10 fg of S. pneumoniae DNA, or 4.3 genome equivalents. Blood samples were obtained from 16 patients with culture-proven pneumococcal bacteremia and were subjected to PCR analysis. Of eight buffy coat fractions tested, six showed reactivity in the PCR with the pneumolysin primers, and five of the eight produced the expected products when tested with the autolysin primers (sensitivities, 75 and 63%, respectively). Of the eight whole-blood specimens tested, only three produced the expected products with either set of primers. Additionally, we tested 14 samples from patients with bacteremia that were culture positive for nonpneumococcal bacterial species, and 13 were negative (specificity, 93%). This combination of sensitivity and specificity may make detection of S. pneumoniae in blood by PCR in comparison with that by blood culture a very promising alternative for a means of definitive diagnosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP RUDOLPH, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARTIC INVEST PROGRAM,225 EAGLE ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 33 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2661 EP 2666 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900018 PM 8253962 ER PT J AU HUANG, MB GAY, TE BAKER, CN BANERJEE, SN TENOVER, FC AF HUANG, MB GAY, TE BAKER, CN BANERJEE, SN TENOVER, FC TI 2-PERCENT SODIUM-CHLORIDE IS REQUIRED FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING OF STAPHYLOCOCCI WITH OXACILLIN WHEN USING AGAR-BASED DILUTION METHODS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT PENICILLINS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; BROTH MICRODILUTION; AUREUS; STRAINS; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA; RELIABILITY; CLONING AB The need to add NaCl to agar media to ensure accuracy of results when testing staphylococci with oxacillin was investigated. The results of four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods (agar and broth dilution, E test, and disk diffusion) in which the growth medium contained 0, 2, 4, or 5% NaCl were compared with the results of a hybridization assay using a mec gene probe. We tested 223 strains of staphylococci, 128 of which were mec gene positive. A total of 7 of the 128 positive strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci with 24-h oxacillin MICs of less-than-or-equal-to 2 mug/ml. Ninety-five isolates were mec gene negative, including seven strains of Staphylococcus aureus with oxacillin MICs of greater-than-or-equal-to 4 mug/ml. The oxacillin MICs for mec gene-positive, oxacillin-resistant strains of staphylococci increased two- to fourfold with the addition of NaCl to the test medium, while the MICs for mec gene-negative strains did not change in the presence of added salt. Very major error rates for the agar dilution and E test methods in the absence of salt ranged from 18.2 to 20.2%. Major error rates for mec gene-negative S. aureus isolates were >17% for all test methods when 4 or 5% NaCl was added to the test medium. The addition of 2% NaCl to Mueller-Hinton agar for testing of oxacillin resulted in very major error rates of <1% for the agar dilution and E test methods although the major error rates for the two methods with added NaCl were 8.5 and 6.9%, respectively. The disk diffusion test did not perform well in this study, showing essential error rates of greater-than-or-equal-to 18.3%. We recommend the addition of 2% NaCl to Mueller-Hinton agar when testing staphylococci with oxacillin by either the agar dilution or E test method. NaCl should not be added for the disk diffusion test. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,STAT & INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2683 EP 2688 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900022 PM 8253966 ER PT J AU WALLACE, RJ ZHANG, YS BROWN, BA FRASER, V MAZUREK, GH MALONEY, S AF WALLACE, RJ ZHANG, YS BROWN, BA FRASER, V MAZUREK, GH MALONEY, S TI DNA LARGE RESTRICTION FRAGMENT PATTERNS OF SPORADIC AND EPIDEMIC NOSOCOMIAL STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-CHELONAE AND MYCOBACTERIUM-ABSCESSUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOUND INFECTIONS; FORTUITUM; MACHINE; SURGERY AB Large restriction fragment (LRF) pattern analysis of genomic DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed on three reference strains, 32 sporadic isolates, and 92 nosocomial isolates from 12 epidemics of Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus. Only 17 of 30 (57%) unrelated strains of M. abscessus, compared with 10 of 11 (91%) of M. chelonae strains, gave satisfactory DNA extractions, with the remainder resulting in highly fragmented DNA. DraI, AsnI, XbaI, and SpeI gave satisfactory LRF patterns. Sporadic isolates of the two species had highly variable LRF patterns, except for one reference strain and one sporadic isolate of M. chelonae that differed by only two to five bands. Evaluation of repeat isolates from five patients monitored for 8 months to 13 years (mean, 5.8 years) revealed LRF patterns to be stable, with changes of not more than two bands. LRF analysis of the seven nosocomial outbreaks with evaluable DNA revealed identical patterns in most or all of the patient isolates and in three outbreaks revealed identity with environmental isolates. These outbreaks included endoscope contamination, postinjection abscesses, and surgical wound infections. LRF analysis of genomic DNA is a useful technique for epidemiologic studies of M. abscessus and M. chelonae, although improved technology is needed for the approximately 50% of strains of M. abscessus with unsatisfactory DNA extractions. C1 BARNES HOSP,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30330. RP WALLACE, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,TYLER,TX 75710, USA. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2697 EP 2701 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900025 PM 8253968 ER PT J AU KOOPMANS, M PETRIC, M GLASS, RI MONROE, SS AF KOOPMANS, M PETRIC, M GLASS, RI MONROE, SS TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY REACTIVITY OF TOROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN FECAL SPECIMENS FROM HUMANS WITH DIARRHEA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREDA VIRUS; BERNE VIRUS; CALVES; INFECTION; ANIMALS; GASTROENTERITIS; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN; HORSES AB Toroviruses are recognized enteric pathogens of cattle and horses; in humans, similar pleomorphic particles have been described, but doubt has been raised concerning their identity as viruses. We screened fecal samples from humans with diarrhea for the presence of torovirus-like particles (TVLPs) by electron microscopy and subsequently used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with bovine torovirus reference reagents to test for the presence of torovirus antigens. To add another selection criterion to this heterologous ELISA, we enriched the TVLPs from the stool specimens by using sucrose density gradients before testing. The results of ELISA and EM correlated significantly, the ELISA having a sensitivity of 68% and a specificity of 86% (chi-square, P < 0.0001). In the gradient, peaks of ELISA reactivity were found at a buoyant density of 1.16 g/ml and were parallel to those found when using bovine torovirus. Furthermore, in 50% of the ELISA-positive gradients, a hemagglutinin for human group O erythrocytes comigrated with the peaks of ELISA reactivity. We were unable to isolate human TVLPs in human colonic tumor or rectal tumor cells. We cloned and sequenced amplification products obtained by low-stringency polymerase chain reaction amplification using consensus primers mapping to the 3' end of the genome of animal toroviruses, but found no significant homologies with animal torovirus sequences. Rabbits were inoculated with material from the gradient peak fractions of human stool specimens, and their sera were assayed for immunologic comparison with bovine torovirus as a reference. A two-way antigenic cross-reactivity was seen between human TVLP and bovine torovirus reagents when tested by ELISA. The rabbit antisera to human TVLP detected a higher number of electron microscopy-positive stool specimens than did the rabbit antisera to bovine torovirus. The application of these assays and reagents should help to elucidate the roles of TVLPs and toroviruses in diarrheal disease in humans. C1 HOSP SICK CHILDREN,TORONTO M5G 1X8,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP KOOPMANS, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,MS G04,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU PHS HHS [YO2-A1-90002-02] NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2738 EP 2744 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900033 PM 8253975 ER PT J AU LEWIS, JS FAKILE, O FOSS, E LEGARZA, G LESKYS, A LOWE, K POWNING, D AF LEWIS, JS FAKILE, O FOSS, E LEGARZA, G LESKYS, A LOWE, K POWNING, D TI DIRECT DNA-PROBE ASSAY FOR NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE IN PHARYNGEAL AND RECTAL SPECIMENS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; CULTURE AB The direct detection of gonococcal DNA in rectal and pharyngeal specimens was evaluated by using a DNA probe-based assay (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.). Rectal (234) and pharyngeal (608) swab specimens were obtained from 249 men and 372 women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Las Vegas and Reno, Nevada. The prevalence of gonococcal infection by culture at the pharyngeal and rectal sites was 2.9% (16 of 548 specimens) in women and 2.7% (8 of 294 specimens) in men. No false-positive reactions were observed among the 234 rectal specimens tested. Two probe-positive, culture-negative specimens were detected among the 361 pharyngeal specimens obtained from women. Both of these samples were confirmed as Neisseria gonorrhoeae by a probe competition assay. The overall correlation of the DNA probe test with pharyngeal and rectal cultures was 99.4% (837 of 842 cultures), with a sensitivity of 87.5% (21 of 24 cultures) and specificity of 99.7% (816 of 818 cultures). The positive and negative predictive values of the DNA assay were 91.3 and 99.8%, respectively. The direct DNA probe assay provides an alternative to culture screening for rectal and/or pharyngeal gonococcal infections. C1 CLARK CTY HLTH DIST,LAS VEGAS,NV 89127. NEVADA STATE HLTH LAB,RENO,NV 89503. RP LEWIS, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2783 EP 2785 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900042 PM 8253983 ER PT J AU BRANDT, ME BRAGG, SL PINNER, RW AF BRANDT, ME BRAGG, SL PINNER, RW TI MULTILOCUS ENZYME TYPING OF CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POPULATION-GENETICS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC DIFFERENCES; DNA; ELECTROPHORESIS; SEROTYPES; VIRULENCE; PROFILES; AIDS AB Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was adapted for subtyping Cryptococcus neoformans. The two cryptococcal varieties were clearly distinguishable. Isolates of the C. neoformans var. neoformans were sorted according to serotype and were sorted into four to five subtypes within each serotype. Nearly no two isolates of the C. neoformans var. gattii displayed the same enzyme electrophoretic type. This method may be a useful adjunct to current methods for classification and epidemiologic studies of cryptococci. RP BRANDT, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 31 IS 10 BP 2819 EP 2823 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LY059 UT WOS:A1993LY05900055 PM 8253996 ER PT J AU RUDENKO, LG SLEPUSHKIN, AN MONTO, AS KENDAL, AP GRIGORIEVA, EP BURTSEVA, EP REKSTIN, AR BELJAEV, AL BRAGINA, VE COX, N GHENDON, YZ ALEXANDROVA, GI AF RUDENKO, LG SLEPUSHKIN, AN MONTO, AS KENDAL, AP GRIGORIEVA, EP BURTSEVA, EP REKSTIN, AR BELJAEV, AL BRAGINA, VE COX, N GHENDON, YZ ALEXANDROVA, GI TI EFFICACY OF LIVE ATTENUATED AND INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN AND THEIR UNVACCINATED CONTACTS IN NOVGOROD, RUSSIA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-VACCINE; INFECTION; CHILDREN; ADULTS; H1N1 AB Children aged 7-14 years in Novgorod, Russia, were given Russian live cold-adapted or inactivated influenza vaccines or placebo over a 2-year period. Schools were randomly assigned as a whole to one of the preparations. In the first year, the vaccines were bivalent, containing types A (H3N2) and A (H1N1) components. In the second year, the vaccines also contained a type B component. In the first year, all viruses isolated were type A (H3N2); in the second, about three-quarters of the isolates were type B and the rest type A (H1N1). During both years, the vaccines protected the vaccinated children. Where significant differences existed, the live attenuated vaccine was more protective than the inactivated. Vaccination rates in schools in which live attenuated vaccines had been used were inversely related to illness rates of staff and unvaccinated children, suggesting that viral transmission had been reduced by the vaccine. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI,EXPTL MED RES INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. DI IVANOVSKY VIROL RES INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. CTR EPIDEMIOL SURVEILLANCE,NOVGOROD CITY,RUSSIA. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR INFLUENZA,ATLANTA,GA. WHO,EUROPEAN REG OFF,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RI Grigorieva, Elena/E-1744-2014; OI Grigorieva, Elena/0000-0002-0107-9959; Grigorieva, Elena/0000-0002-8439-6502 NR 21 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 168 IS 4 BP 881 EP 887 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LY582 UT WOS:A1993LY58200010 PM 8376833 ER PT J AU WALKER, CK KAHN, JG WASHINGTON, AE PETERSON, HB SWEET, RL AF WALKER, CK KAHN, JG WASHINGTON, AE PETERSON, HB SWEET, RL TI PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE - METAANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL REGIMEN EFFICACY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE SALPINGITIS; GYNECOLOGIC INFECTIONS; SULBACTAM AMPICILLIN; OUTPATIENT TREATMENT; CLINDAMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE; GENTAMICIN; CEFOXITIN; CEFOTETAN; THIAMPHENICOL AB An extensive body of literature has investigated the efficacy of antimicrobial regimens used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leaving many clinicians confused about how to choose among them. This study provides a formal appraisal of these reports. Thirty-four treatment studies published between 1966 and 1992 were identified, using Medline and bibliographies, and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in a metaanalysis. Twenty-one studies met the criteria for inclusion in this evaluation: appropriate system for making the diagnosis of PID, standardized assessment of clinical outcome, and entry and follow-up evaluation for lower genital tract infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. This metaanalysis identifies a considerable range of quality in study methods and research design and underscores the limitations inherent in comparing such data. Despite this, a number of antimicrobial regimens appear to have very good short-term clinical and microbiologic efficacy. Pooled clinical cure rates range from 75% to 94% and pooled microbiologic cure rates range from 71% to 100%. A cost comparison is provided, and future research priorities are suggested. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,MEDTEP,RES CTR MINOR POPULAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,MAGEE WOMENS HOSP,DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. FU AHRQ HHS [HS07373-01]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-24768]; PHS HHS [282-88-0018] NR 55 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 168 IS 4 BP 969 EP 978 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LY582 UT WOS:A1993LY58200024 PM 8376843 ER PT J AU BULKOW, LR WAINWRIGHT, RB MCMAHON, BJ MIDDAUGH, JP JENKERSON, SA MARGOLIS, HS AF BULKOW, LR WAINWRIGHT, RB MCMAHON, BJ MIDDAUGH, JP JENKERSON, SA MARGOLIS, HS TI SECULAR TRENDS IN HEPATITIS-A VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG ALASKA NATIVES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY AB To assess the epidemiologic characteristics of the population susceptible to hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and determine the natural history of infection, a retrospective survey was done using banked serum specimens. A random sample of 4030 Alaska Natives statewide was selected, stratified by year of birth and community of residence. Overall, 1988 serum samples (49.3%) tested positive for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV). Past HAV infection was strongly age-related, increasing from 7% in persons born since 1975 to 85% among persons born before 1945. Prevalence of infection also varied between regions. In small communities, a clear demarcation typically existed between previously infected older persons and younger anti-HAV-negative persons. This indicated that village-wide outbreaks of HAV infection have been the norm and appear to be dependent on the presence of a young susceptible population. Widespread vaccination with hepatitis A vaccine to maintain a high proportion of young anti-HAV-positive persons may be successful in preventing future epidemics. C1 DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV STATE ALASKA,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,ANCHORAGE,AK. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BULKOW, LR (reprint author), ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ALASKA AREA NAT HLTH SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1020 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LY582 UT WOS:A1993LY58200031 PM 8376812 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, B KELLY, C THRELKEL, R EDWARDS, K AF ANDERSON, B KELLY, C THRELKEL, R EDWARDS, K TI DETECTION OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE IN CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE SKIN-TEST ANTIGENS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SP-NOV; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTION; AGENT AB One of the diagnostic criteria for cat-scratch disease is a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test reaction to an antigen prepared from purulent material aspirated from a cat-scratch disease-involved lymph node. Polymerase chain reaction coupled with DNA sequence analysis was used to identify organisms found in these skin test antigen preparations that may be responsible for eliciting this response. Two independent sources of cat-scratch disease skin test antigens yielded DNA sequences characteristic of the newly described rickettsia, Rochalimaea henselae. These results coupled with previous serologic data strongly suggest that R. henselae plays a central role in the etiology of cat-scratch disease. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. RP ANDERSON, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VRZB,BLDG 15,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 15 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1036 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LY582 UT WOS:A1993LY58200035 PM 8376816 ER PT J AU HAVLIK, JA METCHOCK, B THOMPSON, SE BARRETT, K RIMLAND, D HORSBURGH, CR AF HAVLIK, JA METCHOCK, B THOMPSON, SE BARRETT, K RIMLAND, D HORSBURGH, CR TI A PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX COLONIZATION OF THE RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS OF PERSONS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID NATURAL-HISTORY; AIDS AB To describe the natural history of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 67 HIV-infected patients with CD4+ cell counts <200/mm3 and initial negative MAC blood cultures were followed prospectively. Patients were screened every 3 months with cultures and smears of sputum, rectal swab, and blood for mycobacteria. Fourteen patients (20.9%) developed positive blood cultures for MAC (23.4%/year). Sputum cultures revealed MAC in 3 (21%) of the 14 patients at 1, 2, and 8 months before dissemination; no smears were positive. No rectal swab cultures or smears were positive before dissemination. Colonization of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in persons with HIV infection and <200/mm3 CD4+ cells is infrequently detected with currently available techniques. Screening cultures and smears of sputum and stool do not appear to be sensitive methods for detection of early MAC infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1048 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LY582 UT WOS:A1993LY58200038 PM 8376818 ER PT J AU CORONADO, VG BECKSAGUE, CM HUTTON, MD DAVIS, BJ NICHOLAS, P VILLAREAL, C WOODLEY, CL KILBURN, JO CRAWFORD, JT FRIEDEN, TR SINKOWITZ, RL JARVIS, WR AF CORONADO, VG BECKSAGUE, CM HUTTON, MD DAVIS, BJ NICHOLAS, P VILLAREAL, C WOODLEY, CL KILBURN, JO CRAWFORD, JT FRIEDEN, TR SINKOWITZ, RL JARVIS, WR TI TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PERSONS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN AN URBAN HOSPITAL - EPIDEMIOLOGIC AND RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB From January 1990 to December 1991, 16 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin were diagnosed at Elmhurst Hospital. Compared with other TB patients, MDR-TB patients were more likely to have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (14/16 vs. 21/204, P < .001) and a prior admission (10/16 vs. 3/204, P < .001). HIV-infected patients hospitalized for > 10 days within three rooms of an infectious MDR-TB patient had higher risk of acquiring MDR-TB than did HIV-infected patients with shorter hospitalizations or locations further from the MDR-TB patient(s) (6/28 vs. 2/90, P < .001). Isolates of 6 of 8 MDR-TB patients in a chain of transmission were identical by restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA typing. Ambulation on the wards of inadequately masked TB patients and lack of negative pressure in isolation rooms probably facilitated transmission. This report documents nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB and underscores the need for effective isolation practices and facilities in health care institutions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ENVIRONM ENGN PROGRAM,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,SPECIAL PROGRAMS GRP,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY 10013. ELMHURST HOSP,DEPT INFECT DIS,NEW YORK,NY. NR 15 TC 174 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 168 IS 4 BP 1052 EP 1055 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LY582 UT WOS:A1993LY58200040 PM 8104226 ER PT J AU WOODRUFF, BA MOYER, LA OROURKE, KM MARGOLIS, HS AF WOODRUFF, BA MOYER, LA OROURKE, KM MARGOLIS, HS TI BLOOD EXPOSURE AND THE RISK OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION IN FIREFIGHTERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PERSONNEL AB The risk of infection with bloodborne pathogens among public safety workers is not well defined. This survey assessed personal and occupational risk factors among uniformed fire department employees by a self-administered questionnaire and hepatitis B virus (HB V) infection status by serologic testing. Overall, 46 (7.8%) of 592 employees had past or current hepatitis B virus infection. Employees reporting blood contact with skin had been infected more often than employees without this exposure (11% vs 5.8%, prevalence ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval, 1.1, 3.3). Prevalence of infection did not differ by age, years on the job, or job duties. The adjusted prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among male employees (4.5%) was not significantly different than the prevalence in American men (6.8%) (P = .17). Although the overall risk of hepatitis B virus infection is not greater among fire department employees than the general population, blood contact with skin may elevate this risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH PUBL HLTH,AMHERST,MA 01003. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ASSOC SCH PUBL HLTH SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1048 EP 1054 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MD725 UT WOS:A1993MD72500011 PM 8271077 ER PT J AU SWYGERT, LA BACK, EE AUERBACH, SB SEWELL, LE FALK, H AF SWYGERT, LA BACK, EE AUERBACH, SB SEWELL, LE FALK, H TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - MORTALITY DATA FROM THE UNITED-STATES NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; MORTALITY; TRYPTOPHAN; SURVEILLANCE ID TOXIC-OIL SYNDROME; L-TRYPTOPHAN INGESTION; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; CLINICAL SPECTRUM; DIFFUSE FASCIITIS; MANIFESTATIONS; PERIMYOSITIS; ASSOCIATION; VASCULITIS; EXPRESSION AB Objective. To describe some of the most severe features of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) and identify potential prognostic indicators. Methods. Systematic review of data from initial case reports and from followup supplemental death report forms forwarded to the national surveillance system administered by the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Results. As of August 10, 1991 36 deaths related to EMS had been reported to CDC. Among all patients fitting the surveillance case definition for EMS, we found that patients who died were older, had higher absolute leukocyte and eosinophil counts, and reported a greater frequency of cough or dyspnea, neuropathy, hepatomegaly, leukocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. All patients who died had illnesses affecting multiple organ systems. Of the 36 patients who died, 33 (92%) had neuromuscular sequelae, 29 (81%) had pulmonary complications, and 23 (64%) had cardiac manifestations. The most commonly observed disease process leading to death was progressive poly-neuropathy and myopathy (24 of the 36 reported deaths) which produced complications of pneumonia and sepsis or respiratory failure due to weakness; cardiomyopathy was the underlying cause of death for 4 patients, primary pulmonary disease for 3, sudden death attributed to arrhythmia for 2, stroke for 2, and septic complications of therapy for one. Conclusion. Although neuromuscular complications were the most prominent sequelae among patients reported to have died, this is clearly a multisystemic disease. Older age and involvement of more than one organ system suggest a particularly poor prognosis, and the neuromuscular, pulmonary and cardiovascular sequelae appear to be the most worrisome. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 20 IS 10 BP 1711 EP 1717 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA MG978 UT WOS:A1993MG97800015 PM 8295183 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA AF SCHULTE, PA TI USE OF BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31ST HANFORD SYMP ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT CY OCT 20-23, 1992 CL RICHLAND, WA SP US DOE, BATTELLE, PACIFIC NW LABS, UNIV WASHINGTON SCH PUBLIC HLTH AND COMMUNITY MED, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, NIEHS ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH; CANCER AB The promise of biological markers in occupational health research and practice has been described in the scientific literature. The current generation of biological markers has the potential to allow for the earlier detection of disease, for the reduction of misclassification of exposure and outcome, for heightened understanding of mechanisms and etiologic pathways, and for the designation of groups at risk. What is necessary now is a strategy for realizing this potential. The elements of such as a strategy may include the following: (1) a program to validate biomarkers, (2) increased utilization of valid biomarkers in etiologic and prevention research, and (3) developmental programs to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and train molecular epidemiologists. A framework for linking biomarkers and epidemiologic study designs has evolved during the part 5 yr. For this progress to continue, it is important that discussion about biomarkers reflect a specificity with regard to both the type of marker and the use for which it is intended. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH, ROBERT A TAFT LABS, 4676 COLUMBIA PKWY, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD OCT-NOV PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 359 EP 366 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MJ197 UT WOS:A1993MJ19700020 PM 8230306 ER PT J AU REIF, JS TSONGAS, TA ANGER, WK MITCHELL, J METZGER, L KEEFE, TJ TESSARI, JD AMLER, R AF REIF, JS TSONGAS, TA ANGER, WK MITCHELL, J METZGER, L KEEFE, TJ TESSARI, JD AMLER, R TI 2-STAGE EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TO MERCURY AND BIOMARKERS OF NEUROTOXICITY AT A HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31ST HANFORD SYMP ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT CY OCT 20-23, 1992 CL RICHLAND, WA SP US DOE, BATTELLE, PACIFIC NW LABS, UNIV WASHINGTON SCH PUBLIC HLTH AND COMMUNITY MED, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, NIEHS ID PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; INORGANIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; WORKERS; TOXICITY; ETHANOL; TREMOR; TESTS; DIET AB Communities surrounding the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a Superfund site in Colorado, were studied in order to determine whether exposures to mercury were greater among persons who resided there than among residents of a comparison area 12-15 miles distant. From a census-based stratified random sample, 469 persons were interviewed and urine samples were obtained for biomonitoring. Mercury was detected in urine from 32 (6.8%) of the 469 persons sample at a detection limit of 5 ppb. Trace levels of mercury (detectable, but nonquantifiable) were found in 80 (17.1%) of the persons sampled. Neither C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,DENVER,CO. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,CTR RES OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM TOXICOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. RP REIF, JS (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD OCT-NOV PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MJ197 UT WOS:A1993MJ19700027 PM 8230312 ER PT J AU LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ AF LYNBERG, MC KHOURY, MJ TI INTERACTION BETWEEN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND LABORATORY SCIENCES IN THE STUDY OF BIRTH-DEFECTS - DESIGN OF BIRTH-DEFECTS RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31ST HANFORD SYMP ON HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT CY OCT 20-23, 1992 CL RICHLAND, WA SP US DOE, BATTELLE, PACIFIC NW LABS, UNIV WASHINGTON SCH PUBLIC HLTH AND COMMUNITY MED, DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH, NIEHS ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; CLUES AB Despite years of research, the etiology of most birth defects remains largely unknown. Interview instruments have been the major tools in the search for environmental causes of birth defects. Because of respondents' problems with recognition and recall, interviews are limited in their capacity to measure certain exposures. Laboratory scientists can have a major impact on defining markers of environmental exposure and genetic susceptibility. The Centers for Disease Control is starting a case-control study of serious birth defects on the basis of a population-based surveillance system for birth defects diagnosed during the first year of life in metropolitan Atlanta. Each year, 300 infants with selected birth defects (case subjects) and 100 population-based control subjects (infants without birth defects) will be enrolled in an ongoing study that will supplement surveillance. In addition to conducting extensive maternal interviews, we will collect blood and urine specimens from case and control subjects and their mothers for laboratory testing. Eventually, some environmental sampling may be incorporated. Particular areas of emphasis are (1) nutritional factors, specifically measuring maternal folic acid levels and other micronutrients (e.g., zinc) to explore their role in the etiology of neural tube defects, (2) substance use, specifically measuring cocaine metabolites in the blood and urine to explore their role for specific vascular disruption defects, and (3) environmental factors such as pesticides and aflatoxins, to explore their potential relationships with specific defects. In addition, a DNA bank will be maintained to evaluate the role of specific candidate genes in the etiology of birth defects. The development and testing of these methods could be useful to assess the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility in the etiology of birth defects. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD OCT-NOV PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2-3 BP 435 EP 444 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MJ197 UT WOS:A1993MJ19700029 PM 8230314 ER PT J AU DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD GARY, GW PALLANSCH, MA TOROK, TJ ANDERSON, LJ AF DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD GARY, GW PALLANSCH, MA TOROK, TJ ANDERSON, LJ TI MULTIPLE PRIMER PAIRS FOR POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION (PCR) AMPLIFICATION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS-B19 DNA SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN PARVOVIRUS-B19; PARVOVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID ERYTHEMA-INFECTIOSUM; B19 DNA; APLASTIC CRISIS; ANTIBODIES; SERUM; SPECIMENS; HEPARIN; ANEMIA; ASSAY AB Human parvovirus B19 is the etiologic agent of erythema infectiosum and transient aplastic crisis in patients with hemolytic anemias and has been associated with fetal death, arthritis, and chronic anemia. Acute B19 infection is best diagnosed by detection of IgM antibodies, whereas the diagnosis of chronic infection often requires the sensitivity of PCR to demonstrate presence of virus over time. To improve our ability to detect B19 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated 19 primers combined into 16 different primer pairs for their ability to detect temporally and geographically diverse B19 isolates. All 16 pairs reacted with all isolates tested but with different sensitivity. Sequence analysis showed few nucleotide changes compared with published sequences. These changes did not explain observed differences in sensitivity between primer pairs. The most sensitive primer pairs detected 350 to 3500 DNA copies after 35 cycles. A second amplification cycle with nested primers improved the sensitivity 100-fold. These 6 primer pairs provide the diagnostic virologist with multiple options for B19 PCR assays. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,VIROL LAB,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. NR 23 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD OCT PY 1993 VL 44 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90051-R PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA ME006 UT WOS:A1993ME00600002 PM 8263112 ER PT J AU LODMELL, DL ESPOSITO, JJ EWALT, LC AF LODMELL, DL ESPOSITO, JJ EWALT, LC TI RABIES VIRUS ANTINUCLEOPROTEIN ANTIBODY PROTECTS AGAINST RABIES VIRUS CHALLENGE IN-VIVO AND INHIBITS RABIES VIRUS-REPLICATION IN-VITRO SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; T-CELL; GLYCOPROTEIN; VACCINATION; NUCLEOPROTEIN; RECOMBINANTS; SKUNKS; MOUSE; MICE; STRAINS AB We previously reported that A/WySnJ mice vaccinated via a tail scratch with a recombinant raccoon poxvirus (RCN) expressing the rabies virus internal structural nucleoprotein (N) (RCN-N) were protected against a street rabies virus (D. L. Lodmell, J. W. Sumner, J. J. Esposito, W. J. Bellini, and L. C. Ewalt, J. Virol. 65:3400-3405, 1991). To improve our understanding of the mechanism(s) of this protection, we investigated whether sera of A/WySnj mice that had been vaccinated with RCN-N but not challenged with street rabies virus had anti-rabies virus activity. In vivo studies illustrated that mice inoculated in the footpad with preincubated mixtures of anti-N sera and virus were protected. In addition, anti-N sera inoculated into the site of virus challenge protected mice. The antiviral activity of anti-N sera was also demonstrated in vitro. Infectious virus was not detected in cultures 24 h following infection with virus that had been preincubated with anti-N sera. At later time points, infectious virus was detected, but inhibition of viral production was consistently greater-than-or-equal-to 99% compared with control cultures. The protective and antiviral inhibitory activity of the anti-N sera was identified as anti-N antibody by several methods. First, absorption of anti-N sera with goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin serum, but not normal goat serum, removed the activity. Second, radioimmuno-precipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of sucrose density gradient-fractionated anti-N sera showed that antiviral activity was present only in the fraction containing anti-N antibody. Finally, absorption of anti-N sera with insect cells infected with a baculovirus expressing the N protein removed the protective activity. These data indicate that anti-N antibody is a component of the resistance to rabies virus infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LODMELL, DL (reprint author), NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,PERSISTENT VIRAL DIS LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840, USA. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 67 IS 10 BP 6080 EP 6086 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA LX120 UT WOS:A1993LX12000043 PM 8371354 ER PT J AU GITHEKO, AK BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD BEIER, M MBOGO, CM ATIELI, FK OWAGA, ML JUMA, F COLLINS, FH AF GITHEKO, AK BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD BEIER, M MBOGO, CM ATIELI, FK OWAGA, ML JUMA, F COLLINS, FH TI CONFIRMATION THAT PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM HAS APERIODIC INFECTIVITY TO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA VECTORS; BLOOD-FEEDING; INFECTIVITY; APERIODICITY; GAMETOCYTES; KENYA ID SPOROZOITES; MOSQUITOS; ANTIBODY AB In preparation for field studies of transmission-blocking malaria vaccines, a study was carried out to determine whether P. falciparum infections obtained in An.gambiae blood-fed at 16.00 hours were quantitatively similar to infections obtained at 23.00 hours. Using a group of children aged 5-12 years from villages at Ahero, near Kisumu in Kenya, 71/74 (96%) of whom were found to be positive for P.falciparum parasitaemia, one batch of fifty colony-bred An.gambiae females were fed on volunteers at 16.00 hours and another batch at 23.00 hours. No statistically significant differences were found in the proportions of mosquitoes becoming infected, the numbers of children infecting mosquitoes or the mean numbers of malaria oocysts developing in mosquitoes blood-fed at the different times. Because mosquito infections obtained by day (16.00 hours) are equivalent in quantity to those obtained at night (23.00 hours), experimental infections can be carried out in the afternoon, when it is most convenient, rather than during the night. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,WASHINGTON,DC 20037. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GITHEKO, AK (reprint author), KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,POB 1578,KISUMU,KENYA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2915.1993.tb00708.x PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LY803 UT WOS:A1993LY80300012 PM 8268494 ER PT J AU CHEN, CY BERISH, SA MORSE, SA MIETZNER, TA AF CHEN, CY BERISH, SA MORSE, SA MIETZNER, TA TI THE FERRIC IRON-BINDING PROTEIN OF PATHOGENIC NEISSERIA SPP FUNCTIONS AS A PERIPLASMIC TRANSPORT PROTEIN IN IRON ACQUISITION FROM HUMAN TRANSFERRIN SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGULATED PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; GONORRHOEAE; MENINGITIDIS; IDENTIFICATION; LACTOFERRIN; EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE AB The ferric iron-binding protein (Fbp) expressed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. has been proposed to play a central role in the high-affinity acquisition of iron from human transferrin. The results of this investigation provide evidence that Fbp participates in this process as a functional analogue of a Gram-negative periplasmic-binding protein component, which operates as a part of a general active transport process for the receptor-mediated, high-affinity transport of iron from human transferrin. Known properties of Fbp are correlated with those of other well-characterized periplasmic-binding proteins, including structural features and the reversible binding of ligand. Predictive of a periplasmic-binding protein, which functions in the high-affinity acquisition of iron, is that Fbp is a transient participant in the process of iron acquisition from human transferrin. Evidence for this is demonstrated by results of pulse-chase experiments. Taken together, the data described here and elsewhere suggest that pathogenic Neisseria spp. use a periplasmic-binding protein-mediated active transport mechanism for the acquisition of iron from human transferrin. C1 UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC GENET & BIOCHEM,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP CHEN, CY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R29AI32226-01] NR 39 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 10 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01957.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA MD250 UT WOS:A1993MD25000011 PM 7934822 ER PT J AU MASTRO, TD NOMANI, NK ISHAQ, Z GHAFOOR, A SHAUKAT, NF ESKO, E LEINONEN, M HENRICHSEN, J BREIMAN, RF SCHWARTZ, B FACKLAM, RR GOVE, S AF MASTRO, TD NOMANI, NK ISHAQ, Z GHAFOOR, A SHAUKAT, NF ESKO, E LEINONEN, M HENRICHSEN, J BREIMAN, RF SCHWARTZ, B FACKLAM, RR GOVE, S TI USE OF NASOPHARYNGEAL ISOLATES OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE AND HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE FROM CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN FOR SURVEILLANCE FOR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PNEUMONIA; ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SURVEILLANCE; PAKISTAN; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ID HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; INFECTION AB Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae presents a challenge to clinical case management, particularly in Programs for acute respiratory tract infection (ARI), including pneumonia, in developing countries. To determine whether nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from a clinically defined group of children could be used to predict the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of strains that cause disease, 601 urban children with ARI, 133 healthy urban children and 285 rural children were evaluated in Pakistan. Of the urban children with ARI. 216 (35.9% were bacteremic, predominantly with S. pneumoniae (108 children) and H. influenzae (100 children). Overall 631 (61.9%) children carried S. pneumoniae and 381 (37.4%) carried H. influenzae. The proportions of nasopharyngeal isolates of both organisms from urban children with ARI resistant to penicillin or ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and erythromycin were similar to the proportions of resistant blood isolates. Nasopharyngeal isolates from rural children had lower rates of resistance to some antimicrobial agents. These findings suggest that nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from children with ARI can be used to conduct surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in a defined geographic area. Such surveillance would aid programs in developing countries in making a rational choice of antimicrobial agents for use in clinical management of bacterial diseases, including pneumonia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MUCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL INST HLTH,ISLAMABAD,PAKISTAN. STATENS SERUMINST,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. WHO,PROGRAMME CONTROL ACUTE RESP INFECT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NATL PUBL HLTH INST,SF-00280 HELSINKI 28,FINLAND. NR 20 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 10 BP 824 EP 830 DI 10.1097/00006454-199310000-00006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA MB703 UT WOS:A1993MB70300006 PM 8284119 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ CHANOCK, S AF SIMONDS, RJ CHANOCK, S TI MEDICAL ISSUES RELATED TO CARING FOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED CHILDREN IN AND OUT OF THE HOME SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; INFECTION CONTROL; DAY CARE; EDUCATION; ATHLETICS; HOME ID AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS; HTLV-III; HIV-INFECTION; SEROPOSITIVE HEMOPHILIACS; TYPE-1 HIV-1; HETEROSEXUAL PARTNERS; ANABOLIC-STEROIDS; SEXUAL PARTNERS; ANTIBODY STATUS C1 NCI,PEDIAT BRANCH,INFECT DIS SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 10 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1097/00006454-199310000-00010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA MB703 UT WOS:A1993MB70300010 PM 8284122 ER PT J AU PON, EW REN, H MARGOLIS, H ZHAO, ZX SCHATZ, GC DIWAN, A AF PON, EW REN, H MARGOLIS, H ZHAO, ZX SCHATZ, GC DIWAN, A TI HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION IN HONOLULU STUDENTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HONOLULU; SCHOOL AGE; ASIAN PACIFIC ISLAND STUDENTS ID LONG-TERM IMMUNOGENICITY; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS BORN; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; EFFICACY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; VACCINE AB Objectives. To determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier and infection rates and HBV epidemiology in Honolulu students. Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting. Honolulu public elementary, intermediate, and high schools. Patients. A volunteer sample of 4936 students from 43 Honolulu schools. Main outcome measures. HBV carrier rate (presence of hepatitis B surface antigen) and infection rate (presence of either hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, or any combinations of these) by school grade, ethnicity, and place of birth. Results. Eighty-three (1.68%) students were identified as HBV carriers, and a total of 353 (7.15%) students had serologic evidence of infection. Infection rates increased from elementary school age to high school age, more so in Asian/Pacific Island-born students. The prevalence of infection was higher in Asian/Pacific Island-born students than in those born in the United States. The majority of infected Hawaiian-born students were first-generation Asian/Pacific Island Americans. Conclusions. Horizontal transmission of HBV occurs in Honolulu school-age children. HBV immunization of all infants in Hawaii, not just those born to carrier mothers, is necessary to reduce HBV transmission in Hawaii. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT TROP MED,HONOLULU,HI 96822. RP PON, EW (reprint author), HAWAII DEPT HLTH,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,POB 3378,HONOLULU,HI 96801, USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1993 VL 92 IS 4 BP 574 EP 578 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MA223 UT WOS:A1993MA22300012 PM 8414830 ER PT J AU PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMAR, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR LEDBETTER, EO AF PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMAR, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR LEDBETTER, EO TI ADDRESSING CONCERNS OF PEDIATRIC TRAINEES CARING FOR PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-STUDENTS; HOUSE OFFICERS; AIDS; CARE; EPIDEMIC; IMPACT RP PLOTKIN, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1993 VL 92 IS 4 BP 622 EP 625 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MA223 UT WOS:A1993MA22300026 ER PT J AU PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMAR, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR LEDBETTER, EO AF PLOTKIN, SA COOPER, LZ EVANS, HE FOST, NC HAMMAR, SL HEALY, A JENKINS, R MERENSTEIN, G PANTELL, RH SCHONBERG, SK SCOTT, GB SKLAIRE, MW ROGERS, MF ALLEN, JR LEDBETTER, EO TI ADOLESCENTS AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION - THE ROLE OF THE PEDIATRICIAN IN PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID AIDS RP PLOTKIN, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1993 VL 92 IS 4 BP 626 EP 630 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA MA223 UT WOS:A1993MA22300027 ER PT J AU QUINN, F PINE, L WHITE, E GEORGE, V GUTEKUNST, K SWAMINATHAN, B AF QUINN, F PINE, L WHITE, E GEORGE, V GUTEKUNST, K SWAMINATHAN, B TI IMMUNOGOLD LABELING OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES VIRULENCE-RELATED FACTORS WITHIN CACO-2 CELLS SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRULENCE; PHAGOSOMES; LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES; HEMOLYSIN; LISTERIOLYSIN O; PHOSPHOLIPASE; P60 PROTEIN; CACO-2 CELLS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; PSEUDOPODS; MACROPHAGES ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; EXTRACELLULAR PROTEIN; LINE CACO-2; HEMOLYSIN; ACTIN; PURIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; AVIRULENT; IVANOVII AB We demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that listeriolysin O (LLO), phospholipases and other putative virulence-related proteins produced by Listeria monocytogenes were primarily cell-wall-associated when the bacterium infected Caco-2 tissue culture cell monolayers. Antibodies made to LLO, serogroup 1/2a reacted poorly with serogroup 4b cells and vice-versa, indicating fundamental structural differences in the two proteins. Finally, comet-tail pseudopod structures shown to be involved in cell-to-cell passage of Listeria in Caco-2 cells did not possess detectable Listeria antigens on their anterior surface or within their structure, suggesting that the phagocytic process is primarily host-cell-dependent once it is initiated by the bacterial cell. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP QUINN, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 144 IS 8 BP 597 EP 608 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90062-7 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP364 UT WOS:A1993MP36400001 PM 8140278 ER PT J AU GOODFELLOW, M SCHAAL, KP ZLOTNIK, H SANDOVAL, H BROWN, JM CARLOTTI, A COLON, LC FAIBRA, DT GUERIN, V GVOZDIAK, OR KAMNEFOTSO, MV KIM, SB PANTEIX, G TARNOK, II TRUJILLO, ME AF GOODFELLOW, M SCHAAL, KP ZLOTNIK, H SANDOVAL, H BROWN, JM CARLOTTI, A COLON, LC FAIBRA, DT GUERIN, V GVOZDIAK, OR KAMNEFOTSO, MV KIM, SB PANTEIX, G TARNOK, II TRUJILLO, ME TI IDENTIFICATION OF SOME CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ACTINOMYCETES SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Actinomycetes Group Meeting CY APR 03-04, 1993 CL PASTEUR INST, PARIS, FRANCE SP FRENCH SOC MICROBIOL HO PASTEUR INST ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI; MYCOLIC ACIDS; NOCARDIA AB Early recognition of infections caused by actinomycetes tend to be highly dependent on at least a tentative diagnosis derived from microbiological tests, since the clinical symptoms can be difficult to interpret. Reliable identification of clinically significant actinomycetes depends upon the application of taxonomic techniques that are not yet widely used in clinical laboratories. The value of rapid enzyme, chemical and molecular fingerprinting techniques is exemplified by their application to the identification of representatives of clinically significant actinomycete taxa. C1 UNIV AUTONOMA METROPOLITANA,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EMERGING BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FAC PHARM LYON,MYCOL FONDAMENTALE & APPL BIOTECHNOL IND LAB,F-69373 LYON 08,FRANCE. FAC PHARM LYON,BACTERIOL LAB,F-69373 LYON 08,FRANCE. EMVT,CIRAD,PATHOTROP LAB,F-94704 MAISONS ALFORT,FRANCE. UKRAINIAN ACAD SCI,INST MICROBIOL & VIROL,KIEV 252143,UKRAINE. INST BACTERIOL,F-67000 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. INST PASTEUR,F-69365 LYON 07,FRANCE. RES INST BORSTEL,DIV BACTERIOL,D-23845 BORSTEL,GERMANY. UNIV BONN,INST MED MIKROBIOL & IMMUNOL,W-5300 BONN 1,GERMANY. UNIV PUERTO RICO,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & MED ZOOL,SAN JUAN,PR 00936. ECOLE VET LYON,F-69280 MARCY LETOILE,FRANCE. RP GOODFELLOW, M (reprint author), UNIV NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,FRAMLINGTON PL,NEWCASTLE TYNE NE2 4HH,TYNE & WEAR,ENGLAND. RI Trujillo, Martha/L-1763-2014 OI Trujillo, Martha/0000-0002-9193-1673 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 144 IS 8 BP 647 EP 651 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90068-D PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA MP364 UT WOS:A1993MP36400007 PM 7908141 ER PT J AU LEITCH, GJ UDEZULU, IA HE, Q VISVESVARA, GS AF LEITCH, GJ UDEZULU, IA HE, Q VISVESVARA, GS TI EFFECTS OF PROTEIN-MALNUTRITION ON EXPERIMENTAL GIARDIASIS IN THE MONGOLIAN GERBIL SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENTEROCYTE MIGRATION; GIARDIASIS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; MAST CELLS; MONGOLIAN GERBIL; PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION ID EPITHELIAL-CELL KINETICS; HUMAN SMALL-INTESTINE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; MERIONES-UNGUICULATUS; LAMBLIA INFECTION; SOMATOMEDIN-C; ANIMAL-MODEL; MUCOSA; GROWTH; MICE AB To determine the effects of protein malnutrition on the severity and duration of infection with Giardia lamblia. Mongolian gerbils were pair-fed a pelleted control (C) dict (20% protein) and a low-protein (5%; LP) diet for 3 weeks before and after being infected with 100,000 cysts orally. Weight loss, fecal fat, enteropooling, and the duration of cyst excretion were all greater in the infected LP than in the infected C animals. During peak infection the upper intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration, crypt enlargement, and villus enterocyte migration were greater in C than in LP animals, as was the villus mast cell number at the end of the infection. It is concluded that in the protein-malnourished host the increased severity of Giardia infection correlates with a reduction in enterocyte production and migration. probably secondary to a reduced lymphocyte infiltration, and the increased infection duration correlates with blunted mast cell migration into affected villi. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEITCH, GJ (reprint author), MOREHOUSE SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,720 WESTVIEW DR SW,ATLANTA,GA 30310, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 2959 TOYEN, JOURNAL DIVISION CUSTOMER SERVICE, N-0608 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5521 J9 SCAND J GASTROENTERO JI Scand. J. Gastroenterol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 28 IS 10 BP 885 EP 893 DI 10.3109/00365529309103130 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA MB302 UT WOS:A1993MB30200007 PM 8266017 ER PT J AU PHILEN, RM POSADA, M AF PHILEN, RM POSADA, M TI TOXIC OIL SYNDROME AND EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - MAY 8-10, 1991, WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION MEETING REPORT SO SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Review DE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; L-TRYPTOPHAN; RAPESEED OIL; TOXIC OIL SYNDROME ID L-TRYPTOPHAN INGESTION; RAPESEED OIL; CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS; DIFFUSE FASCIITIS; ACID ANILIDE; SPAIN; SAMPLES; DISEASE; SCLERODERMA; EPIDEMIC C1 MINIST SANIDAD & CONSUMO,FONDO INVEST SANITARIA,SUBDIRECC GEN FORMAC & DIFUS INVEST,MADRID,SPAIN. RP PHILEN, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS F46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. OI Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 135 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0049-0172 J9 SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU JI Semin. Arthritis Rheum. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 23 IS 2 BP 104 EP 124 DI 10.1016/S0049-0172(05)80017-4 PG 21 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA ME609 UT WOS:A1993ME60900004 PM 8266108 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DW AF BRADLEY, DW TI THE DIVERSITY OF HUMAN HEPATITIS VIRUSES - INTRODUCTION SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BRADLEY, DW (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RIKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.1006/smvy.1993.1023 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA MA625 UT WOS:A1993MA62500001 ER PT J AU MAST, EE ALTER, MJ AF MAST, EE ALTER, MJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VIRAL-HEPATITIS - AN OVERVIEW SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE VIRAL HEPATITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS; HEPATITIS-E VIRUS ID NON-B HEPATITIS; C VIRUS-INFECTION; POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; SPORADIC NON-A; UNITED-STATES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; INFANT TRANSMISSION; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; CONTROLLED TRIAL RP MAST, EE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 82 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1006/smvy.1993.1024 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA MA625 UT WOS:A1993MA62500002 ER PT J AU LEMON, SM ROBERTSON, BH AF LEMON, SM ROBERTSON, BH TI CURRENT PERSPECTIVES IN THE VIROLOGY AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE PICORNAVIRIDAE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; POLYPROTEIN PROCESSING; ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE; GENOTYPES ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; WILD-TYPE VIRUS; CELL-CULTURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TRANSLATION INVITRO; GENETIC-VARIATION; RNA TRANSCRIPTS; ANTIGENIC SITE; SERIAL PASSAGE; REPLICATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEMON, SM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 61 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1006/smvy.1993.1025 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA MA625 UT WOS:A1993MA62500003 ER PT J AU PURDY, MA TAM, AW HUANG, CC YARBOUGH, PO REYES, GR AF PURDY, MA TAM, AW HUANG, CC YARBOUGH, PO REYES, GR TI HEPATITIS-E VIRUS - A NONENVELOPED MEMBER OF THE ALPHA-LIKE RNA VIRUS SUPERGROUP SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E; RNA VIRUS TAXONOMY; EPIDEMIC OR ENTERICALLY TRANSMITTED HEPATITIS; MOLECULAR CLONING; SISPA ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRANSMITTED NON-A; STRAND RNA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RUBELLA-VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; GENOME C1 GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. RP PURDY, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD OCT PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1006/smvy.1993.1029 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA MA625 UT WOS:A1993MA62500007 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RR SCHUMACHER, MC BARLOW, GK HUNT, SC WARE, JL PRATT, M LATHAM, BD AF WILLIAMS, RR SCHUMACHER, MC BARLOW, GK HUNT, SC WARE, JL PRATT, M LATHAM, BD TI DOCUMENTED NEED FOR MORE EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA ACCORDING TO DATA FROM 502 HETEROZYGOTES IN UTAH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA CY JUL 20-21, 1992 CL NHLBI, BETHESDA, MD SP NHLBI HO NHLBI ID CORONARY AB A project to help Utah residents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) identified affected individuals by collecting detailed questionnaires from: (1) very high-risk persons in computer files of screening data (very high cholesterol levels, very early coronary artery disease, and strong positive family history); (2) confirmed FH index cases from a university lipid clinics; and (3) relatives of any confirmed FH cases. Questionnaires were received from 2,143 persons identifying 101 living index cases and 502 relatives meeting the criteria for the diagnosis of FH. Finding new FH heterozygotes was about one fourth as expensive by tracing relatives of confirmed FH cases by evaluating very high-risk persons. Of those meeting criteria for the diagnosis of heterozygous FH, only 31% reported being told by their physicians that they had FH, only 42% indicated that they were taking a cholesterol-lowering prescription medication, and only 23% had reasonably controlled cholesterol levels (below the 90th percentile). However, the data also suggest that good control is achievable in motivated patients. Among 106 FH heterozygotes who were early responders to a second follow-up questionnaire, 79% were taking prescription medications, of whom 49% had achieved cholesterol levels below the 90th percentile, and 17% even achieved cholesterol levels below the 50th percentile. We conclude that most patients with heterozygous FH are not diagnosed and not adequately treated. We demonstrated how many of these persons needing help could be identified efficiently by tracing relatives of known index cases. C1 UTAH DEPT HLTH,BUR CHRON DIS CONTROL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WILLIAMS, RR (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,CARDIOVASC GENET RES CLIN,410 CHIPETA WAY,ROOM 161,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84108, USA. FU PHS HHS [U58-CCU803454] NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9149 J9 AM J CARDIOL JI Am. J. Cardiol. PD SEP 30 PY 1993 VL 72 IS 10 BP D18 EP D24 DI 10.1016/0002-9149(93)90006-X PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA LZ360 UT WOS:A1993LZ36000005 PM 8213492 ER PT J AU SMITH, PJ AF SMITH, PJ TI DISPERSION TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS FOR SURVIVAL AND CASE-CONTROL STUDIES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS; MODEL; EFFICIENCY; REGRESSION AB Cox and Snell have pointed out that when the empirical variance of a measured response y is quite different from its nominal variance under an assumed probability model, standard errors that are not adjusted for the discrepancy may yield misleading inferences. This article describes a test for assessing departures from nominal dispersion in survival analysis and case-control studies. Also, a robust procedure for adjusting standard errors for these models is given. RP SMITH, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MAIL STOP K-10,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP 30 PY 1993 VL 12 IS 18 BP 1683 EP 1691 DI 10.1002/sim.4780121804 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA LY544 UT WOS:A1993LY54400003 PM 8248661 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA GREEN, TA BEATRICE, S CALVELLI, T DENNY, T INHORN, S KIDD, P LANDAY, A MANDY, F PARKER, J PAXTON, H AF NICHOLSON, JKA GREEN, TA BEATRICE, S CALVELLI, T DENNY, T INHORN, S KIDD, P LANDAY, A MANDY, F PARKER, J PAXTON, H TI SELECTION OF ANTICOAGULANTS FOR LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPING - EFFECT OF SPECIMEN AGE ON RESULTS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE ANTICOAGULANT; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HIV INFECTION; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING ID DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; BLOOD AB In a multi-center study, whole blood specimens from 31 HIV-positive and 43 HIV-negative donors were collected in three different anticoagulants and assayed for lymphocyte subsets fresh (within 6 h), and 1 and 2 days later. Each center prepared the specimens by their routine whole blood lysis procedure, labeling with a recommended panel of two-color monoclonal antibody combinations. 1 day (up to about 30 h) after blood collection, the results obtained from blood collected in EDTA (ethylenediamine tetra-acetate), ACD (acid citrate dextrose), and heparin were similar to fresh. Up to 48 h, only ACD and heparin, not EDTA, yielded results similar to fresh specimens. These results were similar for both HIV-positive and -negative specimens. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STATE LAB HYG,MADISON,WI. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. NEW YORK CITY DEPT PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY. UMD,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NEWARK,NJ. BUR LAB & RES SERV,FED CTR AIDS,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. MARYLAND MED RES INST,BALTIMORE,MD. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD SEP 27 PY 1993 VL 165 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90103-E PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA MB511 UT WOS:A1993MB51100004 PM 8409466 ER PT J AU SPACH, DH LILES, WC CAMPBELL, GL QUICK, RE ANDERSON, DE FRITSCHE, TR AF SPACH, DH LILES, WC CAMPBELL, GL QUICK, RE ANDERSON, DE FRITSCHE, TR TI TICK-BORNE DISEASES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; JARISCH-HERXHEIMER REACTION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EARLY LYME-DISEASE; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; RELAPSING FEVER; NANTUCKET-ISLAND; RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT,FT COLLINS,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WASHINGTON,DIV CLIN MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. SACRED HEART MED CTR,DIV LAB MED,SPOKANE,WA 99204. NR 147 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 23 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 13 BP 936 EP 947 DI 10.1056/NEJM199309233291308 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX751 UT WOS:A1993LX75100008 PM 8361509 ER PT J AU ATCHISON, CG WINTERMEYER, LA KELLY, JR CURRIER, R VOGEL, C GODDARD, JH WEAVER, M CULP, J ZWICK, J ECKOFF, RD HAUSLER, WJ MOYER, NP ROWLEY, WA SCHWARTZ, G KNUTSEN, J AF ATCHISON, CG WINTERMEYER, LA KELLY, JR CURRIER, R VOGEL, C GODDARD, JH WEAVER, M CULP, J ZWICK, J ECKOFF, RD HAUSLER, WJ MOYER, NP ROWLEY, WA SCHWARTZ, G KNUTSEN, J TI PUBLIC-HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF A FLOOD DISASTER - IOWA, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 653-656, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR INFECT DIS,DES MOINES,IA 50319. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV FAMILY & COMMUNITY HLTH,DES MOINES,IA 50319. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,DES MOINES,IA 50319. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV SUBST ABUSE & HLTH PROMOT,DES MOINES,IA 50319. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,INTEGRATED STATEWIDE PUBL HLTH ASSESSMENT MODEL IOWA,DES MOINES,IA 50319. UNIV IOWA,UNIV STATE HYG LAB,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT ENTOMOL,AMES,IA 50011. SAMARITAN HLTH SYST,EMERGENCY ROOM SERV,CLINTON,IA. CDC,EMERGENCY RESPONSE COORDINAT GRP,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP ATCHISON, CG (reprint author), IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV HLTH PROTECT,BUR ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL,DES MOINES,IA 50319, USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 12 BP 1406 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX173 UT WOS:A1993LX17300005 ER PT J AU ELDRIDGE, L OWEN, P CONTRERAS, J SENNER, J LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E COOK, VFA MITTEN, J STEINER, B GUEST, R SCHOON, S BRAMBLETT, K KIRKCONNELL, S SCHWARTZ, R WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PENDLEY, L BAKER, C WASHINGTON, CR MAETZOLD, M CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E REMINGTON, P AF ELDRIDGE, L OWEN, P CONTRERAS, J SENNER, J LUND, L LEFF, M ADAMS, M BREUKELMAN, F MITCHELL, C MCTAGUE, D PLEDGER, E COOK, VFA MITTEN, J STEINER, B GUEST, R SCHOON, S BRAMBLETT, K KIRKCONNELL, S SCHWARTZ, R WEINSTEIN, A LEDERMAN, R MCGEE, H SALEM, N JONES, E JACKSONTHOMPSON, J SMITH, P HUFFMAN, S ZASO, K BOESELAGER, G PENDLEY, L BAKER, C WASHINGTON, CR MAETZOLD, M CAPWELL, E HANN, N GRANTWORLEY, J BECKER, C BUECHNER, J LANE, M MILLER, B RIDINGS, D DIAMOND, R GILES, R BROZICEVIC, P SCHAEFFER, R JENNINGS, T KING, F CAUTLEY, E REMINGTON, P TI STATE-SPECIFIC CHANGES IN CHOLESTEROL SCREENING - BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM, 1988-1991 (VOL 42, PG 667, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV HLTH,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI 53707. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 12 BP 1413 EP 1414 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX173 UT WOS:A1993LX17300007 ER PT J AU MOHLEBOETANI, JC SCHUCHAT, A PLIKAYTIS, BD SMITH, JD BROOME, CV AF MOHLEBOETANI, JC SCHUCHAT, A PLIKAYTIS, BD SMITH, JD BROOME, CV TI COMPARISON OF PREVENTION STRATEGIES FOR NEONATAL GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION - A POPULATION-BASED ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; COLONIZATION; MENINGITIS; VACCINES; SEQUELAE AB Background.-Intrapartum antibiotics can prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease but have not been widely used. Obstacles include difficulty in implementing screening for GBS colonization and uncertainty about cost-effectiveness. The GBS vaccines for disease prevention are now being developed. Methods.-We developed a decision analysis model and used standard cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis methods. We compared the outcomes and costs of the recent practice of no intervention with those expected for three prevention strategies: (1) intrapartum antibiotics administered to colonized women with labor complications, (2) an alternative strategy that does not require screening but uses epidemiologic criteria and labor complications to target intrapartum antibiotics, and (3) maternal vaccination. We used data from multistate population-based surveillance to estimate the potential impact of each strategy on disease and costs in the United States. Results.-Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis of high-risk women identified by screening could prevent approximately 3300 cases (47% of neonatal disease) annually in the United States and could save approximately $16 million in direct medical costs. Chemoprophylaxis of high-risk women identified using epidemiologic criteria could potentially be equally effective (3200 Gases prevented) and would avoid the logistical difficulties of screening; the net savings would be approximately $66 million. Vaccinating 80% of pregnant women with a vaccine that prevents 80% of cases among infants born at or after 34 weeks of gestation would prevent approximately 41 00 neonatal cases annually with a net savings of $131 million. Conclusions.-Universal prenatal screening for GBS and chemoprophylaxis of colonized women with labor complications is likely to be cost-beneficial in the United States. Development of alternative strategies should be further explored for populations in which GBS screening is impractical. Continued development of a GBS vaccine is an important public health priority. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. GEORGIA STATE DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. NR 33 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 22 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 12 BP 1442 EP 1448 DI 10.1001/jama.270.12.1442 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX173 UT WOS:A1993LX17300028 PM 8371444 ER PT J AU WATTERS, JK JONES, TS SHAPSHAK, P MCCOY, CB FLYNN, N GLEGHORN, A VLAHOV, D AF WATTERS, JK JONES, TS SHAPSHAK, P MCCOY, CB FLYNN, N GLEGHORN, A VLAHOV, D TI HOUSEHOLD BLEACH AS DISINFECTANT FOR USE BY INJECTING DRUG-USERS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 US CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL 33152. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,SCH MED,DAVIS,CA 95616. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP WATTERS, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8873 BP 742 EP 743 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91735-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX469 UT WOS:A1993LX46900041 PM 8103844 ER PT J AU FLISSER, A MADRAZO, I PLANCARTE, A SCHANTZ, P ALLAN, J CRAIG, P SARTI, E AF FLISSER, A MADRAZO, I PLANCARTE, A SCHANTZ, P ALLAN, J CRAIG, P SARTI, E TI NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN OCCULT NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS AFTER SINGLE TAENIACIDAL DOSE OF PRAZIQUANTEL SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 HOSP ESPECIALIDADES CTR MED LA RAZA, IMSS, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. UNIV SALFORD, DEPT BIOL SCI, SALFORD M5 4WT, LANCS, ENGLAND. SECRETARIA SALUD MEXICO, DIRECC GEN EPIDEMIOL, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. RP FLISSER, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, FAC MED, MEXICO CITY, DF, MEXICO. NR 5 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 18 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8873 BP 748 EP 748 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91743-6 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX469 UT WOS:A1993LX46900057 PM 8103859 ER PT J AU DOWDLE, W AF DOWDLE, W TI EMERGING VIRUSES - MORSE,SS SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review RP DOWDLE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 17 PY 1993 VL 261 IS 5128 BP 1610 EP 1611 DI 10.1126/science.261.5128.1610 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LX474 UT WOS:A1993LX47400037 PM 17798119 ER PT J AU KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K ARAKI, T TANAKA, N BARNHART, ER ALEXANDER, LR SIRIMANNE, S MCCLURE, PC GRAINGER, J PATTERSON, DG AF KIMATA, K HOSOYA, K ARAKI, T TANAKA, N BARNHART, ER ALEXANDER, LR SIRIMANNE, S MCCLURE, PC GRAINGER, J PATTERSON, DG TI ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR AND ELECTRON-DONOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC STATIONARY PHASES FOR THE REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND ISOMER IDENTIFICATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILICA-GEL; SELECTIVITY AB To assess the impact of environmental toxicants on human health, researchers routinely use GC/MS, and the compounds they use for analytical reference standards must be synthesized, purified, and characterized. Reversed-phase HPLC separation and structure identification of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) isomers (potentially hazardous environmental contaminants) in synthesis reaction mixtures were accomplished by taking advantage of the different retention mechanisms at work on four different stationary phases bonded to silica gel. Hydrophobic, charge-transfer, and dipole-dipole interactions characterize the analyte elution orders of the positional isomers of PCDDs from columns packed with C18, pyrenylethyl, (nitrophenyl)ethyl, and (nitrophenoxy)-propyl stationary phases. C1 KYOTO INST TECHNOL,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 65 IS 18 BP 2502 EP 2509 DI 10.1021/ac00066a018 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LX166 UT WOS:A1993LX16600019 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW KOEHLER, JE AF TAPPERO, JW KOEHLER, JE TI ROCHALIMAEA INFECTIONS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HENSELAE C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP TAPPERO, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 6 BP 535 EP 536 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LZ275 UT WOS:A1993LZ27500020 PM 8357124 ER PT J AU HIASA, Y KITAHORI, Y YANE, K NISHIOKA, H NAKAHASHI, K KONISHI, N OHSHIMA, M OKAICHI, K OHNISHI, T LIN, JC AF HIASA, Y KITAHORI, Y YANE, K NISHIOKA, H NAKAHASHI, K KONISHI, N OHSHIMA, M OKAICHI, K OHNISHI, T LIN, JC TI ESTABLISHMENT OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-POSITIVE TRANSPLANTABLE RAT-THYROID TUMOR-CELL LINES IN-VIVO SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEX-HORMONE RECEPTORS; ENDOCRINE THERAPY; BREAST-CANCER; C-FOS; EXPRESSION; TISSUES; N-BIS(2-HYDROXYPROPYL)NITROSAMINE; CARCINOMA; SECTIONS; UTERUS AB We established 17 transplantable rat thyroid tumor cell lines from the primary thyroid tumor of rats induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Among the 17 tumor cell lines established, only two of them (D1 and G1) were estrogen receptor (ER) positive. These two cell lines were characterized with respect to transplantability, histological features, ER contents and cellular localization, and expression of ER message. The ER contents, determined by dextran-coated charcoal assay, were 13.3 and 20.7 fmol/mg protein for D1 and G1 cell lines, respectively. Scatchard plot analysis indicates that the dissociation constants (K(d)) were 0.17 and 0.4 nm, respectively, for D1 and G1 cell lines. Sucrose density centrifugation analysis detected a hormone-receptor complex which sedimented at the 4S region, characteristic for ER. Immunohistological staining revealed that the ER was localized in the nuclei. The presence of ER in D1 and G1 cell lines was further confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to detect the ER mRNA. These results demonstrated that ER is expressed in some thyroid tumors. The ER-positive transplantable tumor cell lines are useful for studying the direct effect of estrogen on thyroid tumors in vitro and in vivo. C1 NARA MED UNIV,DEPT PATHOL 2,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. NARA MED UNIV,DEPT BIOL,KASHIHARA,NARA 634,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MOLECUL BIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 53 IS 18 BP 4408 EP 4412 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LW553 UT WOS:A1993LW55300046 PM 8364936 ER PT J AU MARGONO, F GARELY, A MROUEH, J MINKOFF, H AF MARGONO, F GARELY, A MROUEH, J MINKOFF, H TI TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PREGNANT-WOMEN NEW-YORK-CITY, 1985-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 605, 611-612, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. RP MARGONO, F (reprint author), ST VINCENTS HOSP & MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10011, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 11 BP 1293 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LW345 UT WOS:A1993LW34500008 ER PT J AU MCLOUGHLIN, E LEE, D LETELLIER, P SALBER, P AF MCLOUGHLIN, E LEE, D LETELLIER, P SALBER, P TI EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CALIFORNIA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 817-820, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BATTERED WOMEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,PROGRAM DEV & IMPLEMENTAT BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENT FUND,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP MCLOUGHLIN, E (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO INJURY CTR RES & PREVENT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 11 BP 1296 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LW345 UT WOS:A1993LW34500009 ER PT J AU HOROWITZ, RS DART, RC GOMEZ, H MOORE, LL FULTON, B FELDHAUS, K BRENT, J STERMITZ, FR BECK, JJ ALESSI, JR WALSENBURG, DO DESMET, PAGM AF HOROWITZ, RS DART, RC GOMEZ, H MOORE, LL FULTON, B FELDHAUS, K BRENT, J STERMITZ, FR BECK, JJ ALESSI, JR WALSENBURG, DO DESMET, PAGM TI JIN BU HUAN TOXICITY IN CHILDREN - COLORADO, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 633-636, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,BETHESDA,MD 20014. DENVER GEN HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY,DENVER,CO 80204. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. COLORADO STATE UNIV,AGR EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. RP HOROWITZ, RS (reprint author), ROCKY MT POISON CTR,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 11 BP 1298 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LW345 UT WOS:A1993LW34500010 ER PT J AU LAM, L WHITSETT, CF MCNICHOLL, JM HODGE, TW HOOPER, J AF LAM, L WHITSETT, CF MCNICHOLL, JM HODGE, TW HOOPER, J TI IMMUNOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROTEINS IN INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID GLOBULIN; DISEASES; THERAPY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BAXTER HEALTHCARE CORP,GLENDALE,CA. RP LAM, L (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 10 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 11 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8872 BP 678 EP 678 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91784-J PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX272 UT WOS:A1993LX27200037 PM 8103161 ER PT J AU MERMEL, L DEMORA, DS SUTTER, RW PALLANSCH, MA AF MERMEL, L DEMORA, DS SUTTER, RW PALLANSCH, MA TI VACCINE-ASSOCIATED PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MERMEL, L (reprint author), BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02903, USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 9 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 11 BP 810 EP 811 DI 10.1056/NEJM199309093291115 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LV642 UT WOS:A1993LV64200029 PM 8350905 ER PT J AU MCLOUGHLIN, E LEE, D LETELLIER, P SALBER, P AF MCLOUGHLIN, E LEE, D LETELLIER, P SALBER, P TI EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE - CALIFORNIA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 817, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID BATTERED WOMEN C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,PROGRAM DEV & IMPLEMENTAT BR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCLOUGHLIN, E (reprint author), SAN FRANCISCO INJURY CTR RES & PREVENT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 10 BP 1174 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LV649 UT WOS:A1993LV64900006 ER PT J AU BERTMAN, J MEYERS, H CHOVIL, A JACKSON, R RUTHERFORD, GW WARD, C CALLISTER, TB HAYES, H OKSENHOLT, LM JONES, D PARKER, S NELSON, D DISALVO, AF KWALICK, D HEDBERG, K FLEMING, D STEIER, KJ MCFARLAND, L AF BERTMAN, J MEYERS, H CHOVIL, A JACKSON, R RUTHERFORD, GW WARD, C CALLISTER, TB HAYES, H OKSENHOLT, LM JONES, D PARKER, S NELSON, D DISALVO, AF KWALICK, D HEDBERG, K FLEMING, D STEIER, KJ MCFARLAND, L TI UPDATE - HANTAVIRUS DISEASE - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 612, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ORANGE CTY HLTH DEPT,SANTA ANA,CA. SANTA BARBARA CTY DEPT HLTH,SANTA BARBARA,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NYE REG MED CTR,TONOPAH,NV. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,EA CONWAY MED CTR,DEPT MED,MONROE,LA. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70802. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 8 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 10 BP 1176 EP 1177 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LV649 UT WOS:A1993LV64900007 ER PT J AU POTTS, KE KALISH, ML LOTT, T ORLOFF, G LUO, CC BERNARD, MA ALVES, CB BADARO, R SULEIMAN, J FERREIRA, O SCHOCHETMAN, G JOHNSON, WD OU, CY HO, JL AF POTTS, KE KALISH, ML LOTT, T ORLOFF, G LUO, CC BERNARD, MA ALVES, CB BADARO, R SULEIMAN, J FERREIRA, O SCHOCHETMAN, G JOHNSON, WD OU, CY HO, JL TI GENETIC-HETEROGENEITY OF THE V3 REGION OF THE HIV-1 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN IN BRAZIL SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE V3 LOOP; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANT; V3 HETEROGENEITY; GP120 ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PRINCIPAL NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANT; TYPE-1; SEQUENCE; INFECTIVITY; LOOP; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; TROPISM AB Objective: To examine the genetic heterogeneity of the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120 from 22 Brazilian HIV-1 specimens. Design: Genetic heterogeneity was examined by DNA sequencing of the C2 V3 region of the HIV-1 envelope (env) gene from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified HIV-1 DNA. Deduced amino-acid sequences were compared to determine the extent of amino-acid conservation among the Brazilian specimens. Genetic similarity among and between the Brazilian specimens and other previously published HIV-1 isolates was analyzed by principal co-ordinate and DNA parsimony methods. Methods: A 282 base pair (bp) region of a 1.5 kilo (k) bp PCR-amplified HIV-1 env fragment was sequenced by a Taq dye-labeled primer cycle sequencing reaction. Nucleotide sequences were used to analyze inter-specimen relationships based on overall nucleotide sequence similarity and DNA parsimony principles. Results: Amino-acid comparison showed that 15 of the 35 (43%) residues of the V3 loop were conserved among the Brazilian specimens. Nine of the 22 (40%) Brazilian specimens contained the North American-European GPGR tetrapeptide motif, while eight (36%) contained the GWGR motif, previously reported in Japanese isolates. Principal co-ordinate analysis demonstrated that 19 of the 20 examined Brazilian HIV-1 specimens were more similar to North American and Haitian isolates than to African isolates. Similar results were also obtained by DNA parsimony analysis. Conclusion: The majority of the Brazilian specimens examined are more genetically related to North American and Haitian HIV-1 isolates than to African isolates. This finding and the presence of a GWGR V3 loop motif in some Brazilian isolates may be important for vaccine development. C1 CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,COLL MED,DIV INT MED,1300 YORK AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. INST INFECTOL EMILIO RIBAS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. FED UNIV BAHIA,SALVADOR,BA,BRAZIL. FU FIC NIH HHS [TW00018]; PHS HHS [N01-A1-8003, PA1-A1-26506] NR 33 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1191 EP 1197 DI 10.1097/00002030-199309000-00007 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LV706 UT WOS:A1993LV70600007 PM 8216975 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T CHU, SY FREDERICK, M HERMANN, P LEVY, A MOKOTOFF, E WHYTE, B CONTI, L HERR, M CHECKO, PJ RIETMEIJER, CA SORVILLO, F MUKHTAR, Q AF DIAZ, T CHU, SY FREDERICK, M HERMANN, P LEVY, A MOKOTOFF, E WHYTE, B CONTI, L HERR, M CHECKO, PJ RIETMEIJER, CA SORVILLO, F MUKHTAR, Q TI SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS AND HIV RISK BEHAVIORS OF BISEXUAL MEN WITH AIDS - RESULTS FROM A MULTISTATE INTERVIEW PROJECT SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; BISEXUAL; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; DRUG USE ID TRANSMISSION; PATTERNS; MALES; SEX AB Objective: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics and sexual and drug use behaviors of men with AIDS who engage in bisexual activity. Methods: We interviewed 2120 men aged greater-than-or-equal-to 18 years who were reported with AIDS in 11 states and cities. Men were considered bisexual if they reported having had sex with a man and a woman in the previous 5 years. Results: Of the 2020 men with AIDS who reported being sexually active in the previous 5 years, 1150 (57%) had had male partners only, 522 (26%) had had female partners only and 348 (17%) had had both. White men were least likely to report bisexual behavior (15%; 161 out of 1071). Men of Latin American descent were most likely to report bisexual behavior (24%; 37 out of 155), especially those born outside the United States who had lived there for less-than-or-equal-to 10 years (38%; 11 out of 29). Bisexual Latin American men, regardless of birthplace, were more likely to be currently married than all other bisexual men (22 versus 7%; P < 0.05). HIV risk behaviors differed between men reporting bisexual and those reporting exclusively homosexual or heterosexual activity. Injecting drug use in the previous 5 years was more common among bisexual than homosexual men (12 versus 6%; P < 0.05). Bisexual men were more likely (P < 0.05) to. have received money for sex (11%) than homosexual (4%) or heterosexual men (4%). This difference was even greater among injecting drug users receiving money for sex: bisexual (29%), homosexual (13%), heterosexual (3%). Conclusions: Demographics and HIV risk behaviors of bisexual men with AIDS differ from those of homosexual and heterosexual men with AIDS. These findings indicate that special efforts are needed to prevent sexual transmission of HIV among bisexual C1 WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. NEW MEXICO HLTH DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,DETROIT,MI. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. DELAWARE HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,WILMINGTON,DE. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT. DENVER DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER,CO. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH,PHOENIX,AZ. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1227 EP 1232 DI 10.1097/00002030-199309000-00012 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LV706 UT WOS:A1993LV70600012 PM 8216980 ER PT J AU NOPKESORN, T MASTRO, TD SANGKHAROMYA, S SWEAT, M SINGHARAJ, P LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K GAYLE, HD WENIGER, BG AF NOPKESORN, T MASTRO, TD SANGKHAROMYA, S SWEAT, M SINGHARAJ, P LIMPAKARNJANARAT, K GAYLE, HD WENIGER, BG TI HIV-1 INFECTION IN YOUNG MEN IN NORTHERN THAILAND SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; THAILAND; ASIA; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PROSTITUTION; CONDOM USE ID RISK-FACTORS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY AB Objectives: To determine risk factors for HIV-1 infection in young men in northern Thailand, Methods: At enrollment into a prospective study, data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire and serologic testing on a cohort of 1115 young men selected by lottery for conscription. Results: The overall HIV-1 infection rate was 6.9%; however, the rate was 15.3% among the 387 (34.7%) men who had been living in the upper north subregion of Thailand compared with 2.5% for the remaining 728 men (P < 0.001). A history of sex with female prostitutes was reported by 74.7% of men and increased frequency of this type of sex was highly associated with HIV-1 infection and a history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) symptoms (chi2 for trend, P < 0.001). In stratified and multivariate analyses, however, history of STD symptoms, reported by 42.5% of the cohort, was most strongly associated with HIV-1 infection. Only 42.8% of men who reported sex with prostitutes had used condoms more than half the time. Conclusions: Young men in the general population in northern Thailand are at high risk for HIV-1 infection via sex with female prostitutes; STD are highly associated with HIV-1 infection. Increasing condom use and controlling STD should be immediate goals of HIV control programs. C1 SOMDEJ PRANARESUAN MAHARAJ HOSP,PHITSANULOKE,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,BANGKOK,THAILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 10 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1233 EP 1239 DI 10.1097/00002030-199309000-00013 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LV706 UT WOS:A1993LV70600013 PM 8216981 ER PT J AU PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N COUGHLIN, R HUNG, CH KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E BAMJI, M THOMAS, P HUTSON, D SCHOCHETMAN, G ROGERS, M GEORGE, JR THOMAS, P MATHESON, P MCVEIGH, T BEATRICE, S DEBERNARDO, E CAPPELLI, M CASSELLA, D COURTLANDT, R FLOYD, J HUTCHINSON, S JACKSON, L LAWRENCE, K LOPEZ, D MONESTIME, A NG, D OLESZKO, W PUNSALONG, A RIOS, J SAVORY, R WILLIAMS, B KRASINSKI, K POLLACK, H ALLEN, M HOOVER, W HEAGARTY, M ABRAMS, E BATEMAN, D SUAREZ, M BAMJI, M HENRIQUEZ, R LOSUB, S SACHARSKY, E BROTMAN, R HUTSON, D BLANCHE, S ROGERS, M SHAFFER, N KILBOURNE, B AF PAREKH, BS SHAFFER, N COUGHLIN, R HUNG, CH KRASINSKI, K ABRAMS, E BAMJI, M THOMAS, P HUTSON, D SCHOCHETMAN, G ROGERS, M GEORGE, JR THOMAS, P MATHESON, P MCVEIGH, T BEATRICE, S DEBERNARDO, E CAPPELLI, M CASSELLA, D COURTLANDT, R FLOYD, J HUTCHINSON, S JACKSON, L LAWRENCE, K LOPEZ, D MONESTIME, A NG, D OLESZKO, W PUNSALONG, A RIOS, J SAVORY, R WILLIAMS, B KRASINSKI, K POLLACK, H ALLEN, M HOOVER, W HEAGARTY, M ABRAMS, E BATEMAN, D SUAREZ, M BAMJI, M HENRIQUEZ, R LOSUB, S SACHARSKY, E BROTMAN, R HUTSON, D BLANCHE, S ROGERS, M SHAFFER, N KILBOURNE, B TI DYNAMICS OF MATERNAL IGG ANTIBODY DECAY AND HIV-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY-SYNTHESIS IN INFANTS BORN TO SEROPOSITIVE MOTHERS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; INVITRO PRODUCTION; INFECTION; ANTIGEN; ASSAY AB We have used a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific IgG-Fc capture enzyme immunoassay (IgG-CEIA) to elucidate the dynamics of HIV-1 maternal antibody decay and de novo synthesis of HIV-1 antibodies in infants. Two hundred and thirty-nine serum specimens from 77 infants were analyzed by the IgG-CEIA and by two different conventional EIAs. With the IgG-CEIA, IgG was captured by an anti-human IgG monoclonal antibody (3C8) that reacts with all subclasses and was detected by recombinant HIV-1 envelope protein (CBre3)-peroxidase conjugate. Unlike the conventional EIAs, the IgG-CEIA showed a rapid decay of HIV-1-specific antibody in uninfected infants, with decline to background levels by 6 months (T1/2 [half-life] = 28-30 days). All 69 specimens collected from 39 uninfected infants between 6 and 15 months of age were negative by IgG-CEIA. However, HIV-1 antibodies remained high in infected infants; 20/22 infants (90.9%) with specimens between the ages of 6 to 23 months were positive by IgG-CEIA. Subtracting mean IgG-CEIA optical density values of seroreverting infants from those of HIV-1 -infected infants in corresponding age groups provided a model for seroconversion in infected infants, with detectable IgG antibody synthesis starting about 3 months after birth. The IgG-CEIA may be a simple and important tool for early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants at 6 months of age. C1 CAMBRIDGE BIOTECH CORP,WORCESTER,MA 01605. BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10037. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR COMPREHENS HLTH PRACTICE,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP PAREKH, BS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30330, USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 9 IS 9 BP 907 EP 912 DI 10.1089/aid.1993.9.907 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA MB204 UT WOS:A1993MB20400014 PM 8257638 ER PT J AU OLNEY, RS MOORE, CA CORDERO, JF JAMES, LM KHOURY, MJ AF OLNEY, RS MOORE, CA CORDERO, JF JAMES, LM KHOURY, MJ TI IS ADVANCED MATERNAL AGE-ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK FOR TERMINAL LIMB DEFICIENCIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 SU S BP 95 EP 95 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LW335 UT WOS:A1993LW33500095 ER PT J AU HWANG, SJ BEATY, TH LIANG, KY CORESH, J KHOURY, MJ AF HWANG, SJ BEATY, TH LIANG, KY CORESH, J KHOURY, MJ TI ESTIMATING SAMPLE-SIZE NEEDED TO DETECT GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Liang, Kung-Yee/F-8299-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 SU S BP 814 EP 814 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LW335 UT WOS:A1993LW33500812 ER PT J AU MUENKE, M GURRIERI, F YI, D BAY, C COLLINS, AL JOHNSON, VP HENNEKAM, RCM SCHAEFER, GB WEIK, J LUBINSKY, MS DAACKHERSH, S MOORE, CA DOBYNS, WB MURRAY, JC PRICE, RA AF MUENKE, M GURRIERI, F YI, D BAY, C COLLINS, AL JOHNSON, VP HENNEKAM, RCM SCHAEFER, GB WEIK, J LUBINSKY, MS DAACKHERSH, S MOORE, CA DOBYNS, WB MURRAY, JC PRICE, RA TI LINKAGE OF FAMILIAL HOLOPROSENCEPHALY TO CHROMOSOME-7Q36 - CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. PRINCESS ANN HOSP,SOUTHAMPTON,ENGLAND. UNIV S DAKOTA,VERMILLION,SD 57069. UNIV AMSTERDAM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. UNIV NEBRASKA,OMAHA,NE 68182. CHILDRENS HOSP,MILWAUKEE,WI. UNIV IOWA,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 SU S BP 1048 EP 1048 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LW335 UT WOS:A1993LW33501048 ER PT J AU YANG, P KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH STEWART, WF AF YANG, P KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH STEWART, WF TI DOES ASCERTAINMENT BIAS CONTRIBUTE TO THE REPORTED ASSOCIATION OF OMPHALOCELE AND GASTROSCHISIS WITH OTHER BIRTH-DEFECTS IN FAMILIES BUT NOT IN INDIVIDUALS - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DISABIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP YANG, P (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,DIV FAMILY MED,M200 SCAIFE HALL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD SEP 1 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 436 EP 436 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320470330 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LV442 UT WOS:A1993LV44200029 ER PT J AU KNISS, DA ZIMMERMAN, PD SU, HC HOOPER, WC LANDON, MB GABBE, SG AF KNISS, DA ZIMMERMAN, PD SU, HC HOOPER, WC LANDON, MB GABBE, SG TI EXPRESSION OF FUNCTIONAL INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I RECEPTORS BY HUMAN AMNION CELLS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I RECEPTOR; AMNION; GLUCOSE TRANSPORT; WISH CELL; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION ID SOMATOMEDIN-C; HUMAN-FETUS; TISSUE; AGGREGATION; 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE; FIBROBLASTS; ACTIVATION; TRANSPORT; CLEAVAGE; PROTEINS AB OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether amnion cells contain functional insulin-like growth factor-I receptors. STUDY DESIGN: To test whether human amnion cells contain insulin-like growth factor-I receptors, radioligand binding studies, affinity cross-linking studies, and Northern blot analysis were conducted in primary amnion cells and in an immortal amnion cell line (WISH). To test whether the insulin-like growth factor-I receptors on amnion cells are functional, cytochalasin B-inhibitable 2-deoxyglucose uptake was measured after stimulating the cells with insulin-like growth factor-I. RESULTS: Radioligand binding studies demonstrated that primary amnion cells and WISH cells contained a single class of high-affinity receptors with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.18 +/- 0.04 nmol/L and a receptor concentration of 79 +/- 26.2 fmol/mg protein and dissociation constant of 0.44 +/- 0.03 nmol/L and a receptor concentration of 33.3 +/- 6.45 fmol per 106 cells, respectively. Affinity cross-linking studies revealed two major insulin-like growth factor-I binding sites, 135 and 270 kd. Both primary amnion cells and WISH cells exhibited cytochalasin B-inhibitable tritiated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in response to insulin-like growth factor-I treatment. Finally, treatment of WISH cells caused tyrosine phosphorylation of three proteins (molecular weight, 116, 95.4, and 83.5 kd) was observed by Western blotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results provide the first evidence that human amnion epithelial cells contain functional high-affinity insulin-like growth factor-I receptors that mediate glucose transport. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,MOLEC BIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA. RP KNISS, DA (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,DIV MATERNAL FETAL MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 169 IS 3 BP 632 EP 640 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LY025 UT WOS:A1993LY02500031 PM 8372873 ER PT J AU BRUCE, FC ADAMS, MM SHULMAN, HB MARTIN, ML PEARSON, K TOMPKINS, P GANSER, J DANNA, J EYSTER, J DEPERSIO, S THOMAS, T AF BRUCE, FC ADAMS, MM SHULMAN, HB MARTIN, ML PEARSON, K TOMPKINS, P GANSER, J DANNA, J EYSTER, J DEPERSIO, S THOMAS, T TI ALCOHOL-USE BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A woman's excessive drinking during pregnancy can cause structural and behavioral abnormalities in her offspring. However, population-based data concerning maternal drinking behaviors are sparse. To describe drinking prevalences and patterns, we analyzed self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems of Maine, Michigan, Oklahoma, and West Virginia. During 1988 and 1989, 6,319 mothers were surveyed two to six months after delivery; state-specific response rates ranged from 65.6% to 83.5%. We applied statistical weights to the sample from each state; thus, the results estimate state-specific prevalences. State-specific prevalences of drinking during the last three months of pregnancy were low: 6.8% to 15.1% of mothers reported light drinking (one to six drinks per week), 0.06% to 0.30% reported moderate drinking (seven to 13 drinks per week), and 0.03% to 0.13% reported heavy drinking (14 or more drinks per week). In contrast, prevalences of drinking during the three months before pregnancy were much higher: the range was 31.9% to 53.8% for light drinking, 1.6% to 3.0% for moderate drinking, and 0.6% to 1.3% for heavy drinking. State-specific prevalences of mothers who reported receiving prenatal counseling about alcohol's effects ranged from 66.3% to 75.0%. More heavy drinkers than light drinkers received counseling. These findings indicate that moderate and heavy drinking during late pregnancy is relatively rare. However, all levels of drinking near the time of conception are much higher, and these results suggest the need for research into methods of reducing drinking before pregnancy. RP BRUCE, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & PROMOT,DIV REPROD & HLTH K23,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA MD571 UT WOS:A1993MD57100002 PM 8257615 ER PT J AU FEINLEIB, M AF FEINLEIB, M TI FROM INFORMATION TO KNOWLEDGE - ASSIMILATING PUBLIC-HEALTH DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP FEINLEIB, M (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6525 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1205 EP 1207 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.9.1205 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LV708 UT WOS:A1993LV70800003 PM 8395775 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A REID, JA ORY, HW AF FRIEDE, A REID, JA ORY, HW TI CDC WONDER - A COMPREHENSIVE ONLINE PUBLIC-HEALTH INFORMATION-SYSTEM OF THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL-AND-PREVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. CDC WONDER, a comprehensive on-line public health information system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), was developed to place timely, action-oriented information in the hands of public health professionals. Methods. A unified system was developed de novo to be used for and to evolve along with public health. All data are stored and updated on the CDC mainframe. Results. CDC WONDER provides menu-driven access to 24 databases with information on mortality, hospital discharges, cancer incidence, notifiable diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, etc.; each database has on-line documentation. Results can be tabulated and graphed, and there is full-text searching of textual databases. Non-CDC staff have access via telephone connection. From August 1991 through June 1992, system databases were accessed 10 698 times, and there were 842 users (mean of 97 new users per month). Conclusions. CDC WONDER has shown that it is possible to build a large, on-line database of scientific data for public health professionals. CDC WONDER provides a common foundation from which to build information-based public health plans and policy and could help strengthen the public health system. RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1289 EP 1294 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.9.1289 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LV708 UT WOS:A1993LV70800019 PM 8395776 ER PT J AU RUBIN, CH BURNETT, CA HALPERIN, WE SELIGMAN, PJ AF RUBIN, CH BURNETT, CA HALPERIN, WE SELIGMAN, PJ TI OCCUPATION AS A RISK IDENTIFIER FOR BREAST-CANCER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; AGE 50 YEARS; HEALTH PROMOTION; WOMEN; DEATH; ASSOCIATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MAMMOGRAPHY; INTERVIEW; INDUSTRY AB Objectives. Breast cancer mortality may be reduced if the disease is detected early through targeted screening programs. Current screening guidelines are based solely on a woman's age. Because working populations are accessible for intervention, occupational identification may be a way of helping to define and locate risk groups and target prevention. Methods. We used a database consisting of 2.9 million occupationally coded death certificates collected from 23 states between 1979 and 1987 to calculate age-adjusted, race-specific proportionate mortality ratios for breast cancer according to occupation. We performed case-control analyses on occupational groups and on stratifications within the teaching profession. Results. We found a number of significant associations between occupation and frequency of breast cancer. For example, white female professional, managerial, and clerical workers all had high proportions of breast cancer death. High rates of breast cancer in teachers were found in both proportionate mortality ratio and case-control analyses. Conclusions. These findings may serve as in an aid in the effective targeting of work-site health promotion programs. They suggest that occupationally coded mortality data can be a useful adjunct in the difficult task of identifying groups at risk of preventable disease. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1993 VL 83 IS 9 BP 1311 EP 1315 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.9.1311 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LV708 UT WOS:A1993LV70800023 PM 8363008 ER PT J AU HOPKINS, DR RUIZTIBEN, E KAISER, RL AGLE, AN WITHERS, PC AF HOPKINS, DR RUIZTIBEN, E KAISER, RL AGLE, AN WITHERS, PC TI DRACUNCULIASIS ERADICATION - BEGINNING OF THE END SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Beginning with the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), an increasingly broad coalition of international and bilateral agencies, organizations, private companies, and other institutions have joined forces to eradicate dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease). From an estimated annual incidence of 10 million persons just before the campaign began, the remaining incidence of cases is now less than two million. More than 23,000 villages are known to be endemic. All 18 countries where the disease is still endemic have completed or begun nationwide searches to identify endemic villages, except Kenya. Dracunculiasis is nearly eradicated in Asia, where Pakistan found only 23 cases in 1992, and India found 1,081 cases. Cameroon and Senegal are close to achieving eradication in Africa, where the two formerly highest endemic countries, Nigeria and Ghana, reduced their combined total of cases from approximately 820,000 in 1989 to less than 240,000 in 1992. Much remains to be done, however, in francophone West Africa and especially in East Africa. The most serious current obstacles to eradicating dracunculiasis by 1995 are the civil war in Sudan, apathy of some national and international health officials, and inadequate funding for the campaign. C1 GLOBAL 2000 INC,CARTER CTR,1 COPENHILL,ATLANTA,GA 30307. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR RES TRAINING & ERADICAT DRACUNCULIASIS,ATLANTA,GA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 281 EP 289 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LY612 UT WOS:A1993LY61200001 PM 8372951 ER PT J AU BEACH, RF RUEBUSH, TK SEXTON, JD BRIGHT, PL HIGHTOWER, AW BREMAN, JG MOUNT, DL OLOO, AJ AF BEACH, RF RUEBUSH, TK SEXTON, JD BRIGHT, PL HIGHTOWER, AW BREMAN, JG MOUNT, DL OLOO, AJ TI EFFECTIVENESS OF PERMETHRIN-IMPREGNATED BED NETS AND CURTAINS FOR MALARIA CONTROL IN A HOLOENDEMIC AREA OF WESTERN KENYA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GAMBIAN CHILDREN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PREVENT MALARIA; MOSQUITO NETS; TRIAL; INSECTICIDE; PREVALENCE; BEDNETS; FIELD AB The effectiveness of village-wide use of permethrin-impregnated bed nets or eave, window, and door curtains as control measures for Plasmodium falciparum malaria was evaluated during two successive high-transmission seasons in western Kenya. Pairs of villages were assigned to one of three study groups: bed net, curtain, or control. Clinical, parasitologic, and entomologic measures were made from March to July 1990 and again 12 months later. When compared with the controls in 1990 and 1991, we observed a marked reduction in the incidence of P. falciparum infections in children less than six years old in the bed net villages (reduced by 40% and 48%) and a smaller but still significant reduction in the curtain villages (10% and 33%). Significant reductions were also seen in the incidence of P. falciparum parasitemias greater than 2,500/mm3 in the bed net group (reduced by 44% and 49%) and curtain group (16% and 32%). Additionally, we observed significant reductions in the incidence of documented fevers in association with P. falciparum parasitemia in bed net (reduced by 63%) and curtain villages (53%) when compared with controls. Entomologic inoculation rates in both bed net and control villages decreased by more than 50% below control values during both high transmission seasons. The results of this study, together with a 1988 study in the same area during the low transmission season, show that bed nets offer greater year-round of protection against P. falciparum infection than curtains. However, during the high transmission season, this technique reduces the frequency of P. falciparum infection rather than preventing it entirely. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 22 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 290 EP 300 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LY612 UT WOS:A1993LY61200002 PM 8372952 ER PT J AU CREWSOYEN, AE KUMAR, V COLLINS, FH AF CREWSOYEN, AE KUMAR, V COLLINS, FH TI ASSOCIATION OF 2 ESTERASE GENES, A CHROMOSOMAL INVERSION, AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PLASMODIUM-CYNOMOLGI IN THE AFRICAN MALARIA VECTOR ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHISM; COMPLEX AB The ability of a selected strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae to encapsulate the early oocysts of the malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi B has previously been shown to be genetically linked to specific esterase phenotypes. This association between Plasmodium susceptibility and esterase phenotype is found in the An. gambiae G3 strain from which the Plasmodium-refractory and -susceptible mosquito strains were derived. Genetic crosses had suggested that the esterase phenotypes reflect the assortment of two alleles at one esterase genetic locus, with the two esterase homozygotes showing Plasmodium-susceptible and -refractory phenotypes and the esterase heterozygote being intermediate in susceptibility. By using a variety of specific esterase inhibitors in conjunction with esterase staining of gel-electrophoresed mosquito homogenates, we found that the bands previously thought to reflect one genetic locus are actually the product of two different esterase loci, Est1, a cholinesterase, and Est2, a carboxyesterase. In addition, examination of chromosomal inversions and the esterase phenotype in the An. gambiae G3 strain revealed that different forms of a polymorphic inversion on the left arm of chromosome two (the 2La inversion) are inseparably associated with different alleles at these two esterase loci. We conclude that the genetic association among the esterase-linked Plasmodium-susceptibility locus and the two esterase loci is maintained by the suppression of recombination in 2La inversion heterozygotes in the An. gambiae G3 strain and its selected derivatives. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 341 EP 347 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LY612 UT WOS:A1993LY61200009 PM 8372956 ER PT J AU MOSS, DM LAMMIE, PJ AF MOSS, DM LAMMIE, PJ TI PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSIVENESS OF LYMPHOCYTES FROM CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM EXPOSED MICE TO 2 SEPARATE ANTIGEN FRACTIONS FROM OOCYSTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT MICROSOMAL ANTIGENS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; PERCOLL GRADIENTS; MONGOLIAN GERBILS; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; SPOROZOITES; INFECTION AB We assessed lymphoproliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of inbred neonatal SWR/J H-2q mice at various times postinoculation (PI) using Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The lymphocytes were cultured in vitro with a water-soluble (SO) and a water-insoluble (IN) antigen fraction. The IN fraction was prepared by solubilizing particulates, the sediment obtained after centrifuging disrupted oocysts in urea. Both fractions were characterized using silver stain and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) with hyperimmune rabbit anti-oocyst serum, monoclonal antibody specific to a 23-kD antigen, and serum from patients with symptoms of cryptosporidiosis. The EITB showed that the antigens in the IN fraction differed both quantitatively and qualitatively from those in the SO fraction. Lymphocytes from lymph nodes of exposed mice cultured with the SO fraction exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) and antigen-specific response compared with those from unexposed mice at days 10, 19, 22, and 28 PI. The response to the IN fraction of lymphocytes from lymph nodes of exposed mice was not as consistent as that to the SO fraction but showed a significant (P < 0.05) and antigen-specific response at days 10 and 19 PI. No significant response occurred when splenic lymphocytes were cultured with SO or IN fractions. These results show that lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice exposed to Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts proliferate when cultured in vitro with soluble or particulate antigens prepared from oocysts. RP MOSS, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 393 EP 401 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LY612 UT WOS:A1993LY61200015 PM 8372961 ER PT J AU HAWKINS, J KOONIN, L PALMER, S GIBBS, C LAWSON, H ATRASH, H AF HAWKINS, J KOONIN, L PALMER, S GIBBS, C LAWSON, H ATRASH, H TI ANESTHESIA-RELATED MATERNAL DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES - A 12 YEAR REVIEW 1979-1990 SO ANESTHESIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIOL,DENVER,CO 80262. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0003-3022 J9 ANESTHESIOLOGY JI Anesthesiology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 79 IS 3A SU S BP A982 EP A982 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA LY108 UT WOS:A1993LY10800978 ER PT J AU BERKELMAN, RL HUGHES, JM AF BERKELMAN, RL HUGHES, JM TI THE CONQUEST OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES - WHO ARE WE KIDDING SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; DAY-CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VANCOMYCIN RP BERKELMAN, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP C12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 5 BP 426 EP 428 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LZ476 UT WOS:A1993LZ47600014 PM 8338299 ER PT J AU RICHARDS, DE BEGLEY, KB DEBORD, DG CHEEVER, KL WEIGEL, WW TIRMENSTEIN, MA SAVAGE, RE AF RICHARDS, DE BEGLEY, KB DEBORD, DG CHEEVER, KL WEIGEL, WW TIRMENSTEIN, MA SAVAGE, RE TI COMPARATIVE METABOLISM OF BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL)ETHER IN ISOLATED RAT HEPATOCYTES AND IN THE INTACT RAT - EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON IN-VITRO METABOLISM SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL)ETHER; DIGLYME; METABOLISM; METHOXYACETIC ACID; (2-METHOXYETHOXY)ACETIC ACID ID HEPATIC-MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME-P-450; ADULT MALE-RAT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; GLYCOL ETHERS; CD-1 MOUSE; INVIVO; INDUCTION; FORM; 2-METHOXYETHANOL AB The metabolism of the reproductive and developmental toxicant bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether (diglyme) was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes and in the intact rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (190-220 g) were used in both studies. Hepatocytes, isolated by a two-step in situ collagenase perfusion of the liver, were cultured as monolayers and incubated with [C-14]diglyme at 1, 10, 30, and 50 muM for up to 48 h. For the in vivo study, rats were given single oral doses of [C-14] diglyme at 5.1 mmol/kg body wt, and urine was collected for up to 96 h. Radioactive compounds in the culture medium or in the urine were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified with an in-line radioactivity monitor. Metabolites were identified by comparison of their chromatographic retention times and their mass spectra with those of authentic compounds. The principal metabolite from hepatocytes and in the urine was (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA). This metabolite accounted for approximately 36% of the radioactivity in the 48-h culture medium and about 67% of the administered dose in the 48-h urine. Other prominent metabolites common to both systems included 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, methoxyacetic acid (MAA), 2-methoxyethanol, and diglycolic acid. The diglyme metabolite profiles from urine and from hepatocytes were qualitatively similar, demonstrating that, in the rat, hepatocytes serve as a good model system for predicting the urinary metabolites of diglyme. Moreover, MEAA was shown to be the metabolite best suited for use as a short-term biological marker of exposure to diglyme. Pretreatment of rats with ethanol resulted in a marked increase in the overall in vitro metabolism of diglyme. The major metabolic pathways for diglyme involve O-demethylation and cleavage of the central ether bond, and it is the latter pathway that leads to the formation of MAA, the metabolite associated with the reproductive and developmental toxicity of diglyme. The amounts of MAA formed in hepatocytes from ethanol-pretreated rats ranged from two to four times those formed in hepatocytes from untreated rats. RP RICHARDS, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 67 IS 8 BP 531 EP 537 DI 10.1007/BF01969265 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MA621 UT WOS:A1993MA62100002 PM 8285851 ER PT J AU FINKEL, TH LEUNG, DYM HARBECK, RJ GELFAND, EW HOLLISTER, JR FERGUSON, PJ SAULSBURY, FT TOROK, TJ ZAKI, SR DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, LJ AF FINKEL, TH LEUNG, DYM HARBECK, RJ GELFAND, EW HOLLISTER, JR FERGUSON, PJ SAULSBURY, FT TOROK, TJ ZAKI, SR DURIGON, EL ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, LJ TI CHRONIC PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION AND SYSTEMIC NECROTIZING VASCULITIS - OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN OR ETIOLOGIC AGENT SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NATL JEWISH CTR,DENVER,CO 80206. CHILDRENS HOSP,DENVER,CO 80206. UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP S277 EP S277 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA MB816 UT WOS:A1993MB81601409 ER PT J AU JORDAN, JM SHEFF, B RENNER, JB FRYER, JG WOODARD, J HELMICK, C HOCHBERG, MC AF JORDAN, JM SHEFF, B RENNER, JB FRYER, JG WOODARD, J HELMICK, C HOCHBERG, MC TI UNILATERAL AND BILATERAL OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) OF THE HIP AND KNEE SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 31341. UNIV MARYLAND,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 36 IS 9 SU S BP S235 EP S235 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA MB816 UT WOS:A1993MB81601156 ER PT J AU MEIER, KL BAILER, AJ PORTIER, CJ AF MEIER, KL BAILER, AJ PORTIER, CJ TI A MEASURE OF TUMORIGENIC POTENCY INCORPORATING DOSE-RESPONSE SHAPE SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE CARCINOGENICITY STUDIES; CARCINOGENIC POTENCY; INTERCURRENT MORTALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TD50; TUMOR INCIDENCE ID ANIMAL CARCINOGENESIS EXPERIMENTS; HAZARDS; CHEMICALS; MORTALITY; MODELS; TESTS; TD50 AB Many researchers have considered the problem of ranking chemical agents based on their carcinogenic potency. Sawyer et al. (1984, Biometrics 40, 27-40) proposed a carcinogenic potency estimate that incorporates both intercurrent mortality and background tumor rates. Since then, many authors have either generalized the method outlined by Sawyer et al. or developed their own method based on a slightly different adjustment for treatment-related changes in survival. None of these methods, however, has estimated the shape of the dose-response curve and incorporated such an estimate in potency estimation. In this manuscript, a measure of tumorigenic potency is proposed that utilizes the estimated shape of the dose-response relationship, in addition to estimated dose effects, in order to rank chemicals on the basis of carcinogenic risk. Comparison of this new measure to that of Sawyer et al. is done using a large database of animal carcinogenicity experiments from the National Cancer Institute and the National Toxicology Program. C1 NIEHS,RISK METHODOL SECT,STAT & BIOMATH BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. MIAMI UNIV,DEPT MATH & STAT,OXFORD,OH 45056. NIOSH,DIV STAND DEV & TECHNOL TRANSFER,CINCINNATI,OH 45266. RI Portier, Christopher/A-3160-2010 OI Portier, Christopher/0000-0002-0954-0279 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 49 IS 3 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.2307/2532213 PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA LZ592 UT WOS:A1993LZ59200025 PM 8241378 ER PT J AU SURUDA, A SCHULTE, P BOENIGER, M HAYES, RB LIVINGSTON, GK STEENLAND, K STEWART, P HERRICK, R DOUTHIT, D FINGERHUT, MA AF SURUDA, A SCHULTE, P BOENIGER, M HAYES, RB LIVINGSTON, GK STEENLAND, K STEWART, P HERRICK, R DOUTHIT, D FINGERHUT, MA TI CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE IN STUDENTS OF MORTUARY SCIENCE SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; BIOLOGIC MARKERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; EXFOLIATED CELLS; NASAL CAVITY; ORAL-MUCOSA; WORKERS; CANCER; LYMPHOCYTES AB The effect of low-level exposure to formaldehyde on oral, nasal, and lymphocyte biological markers was studied prospectively in a group of 29 mortician students who were about to take a course in embalming. During the 85-day study period, the subjects performed an average of 6.9 embalmings and had average cumulative formaldehyde exposures of 14.8 ppm-h, with an average air concentration of 1.4 ppm during embalming. Since the average time spent embalming was 125 min, formaldehyde exposures calculated as an 8-h time-weighted average were 0.33 ppm on days when embalmings were done, which was less than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit of 0.75 ppm. Epithelial cells from the buccal area of the mouth showed a 12-fold increase in micronucleus frequency during the study period, from 0.046 +/- 0.17/1000 cells preexposure to 0.60 +/- 1.27/1000 cells at the end of the course (P < 0.05). Nasal epithelial micronuclei increased 22%, from 0.41 +/- 0.52/1000 cells to 0.50 +/- 0.67/1000 cells (P = 0.26). In blood cells, the frequency of micronucleated lymphocytes increased 28%, from 4.95 +/- 1.72/1000 cells to 6.36 +/- 2.03/1000 cells (P < 0.05), while sister chromatid exchanges decreased 7.5% (P < 0.05). A dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure to formaldehyde and increases in buccal micronuclei in the 22 male subjects but not in the 7 female subjects. We conclude that low-level exposure to formaldehyde is associated with cytogenetic changes in epithelial cells of the mouth and in,blood lymphocytes. These cytogenetic effects may be useful as markers of biologically effective dose. C1 NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,OCCUPAT STUDIES SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CINCINNATI,SCH MED,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CINCINNATI COLL MORTUARY SCI,CINCINNATI,OH. NR 72 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 2 IS 5 BP 453 EP 460 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LX261 UT WOS:A1993LX26100009 PM 8220090 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K TUCKER, J SALVAN, A AF STEENLAND, K TUCKER, J SALVAN, A TI PROBLEMS IN ASSESSING THE RELATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF INTERNAL MARKERS VERSUS EXTERNAL EXPOSURE IN CHRONIC DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Review ID SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES; INTERMEDIATE END-POINTS; LUNG-CANCER; ASBESTOSIS; MORTALITY; VALIDATION; ENDPOINTS; WORKERS; RISK; RATS AB Epidemiology traditionally has relied on measures of ''external'' exposure in determining the association between exposure and disease. Recently, there has been increasing reliance on internal markers reflecting internal dose and/or early stages of disease. In the context of observational studies of chronic disease in which there is a known exposure-disease association, the question arises whether the external exposure or the internal marker is a better predictor of eventual disease outcome. Here we describe some simple approaches to evaluate the relative predictive value of the internal marker (or biomarker, defined in the most general sense) versus the exposure, as well as their limitations. The problems of assessing the predictive value of internal markers for chronic disease are illustrated via two examples: (a) carcinogens, cytogenetic outcomes, and cancer; and (b) asbestos, asbestosis, and lung cancer. We conclude that it is unlikely that observational epidemiology will allow a full assessment of the predictive value of cytogenetic outcomes versus exposure for cancer in humans exposed to known carcinogens in the near future, although animal studies could provide important complementary information. For asbestos, data to date indicate that the presence or absence of asbestosis is a better predictor of lung cancer in an exposed population than is the level of exposure to asbestos itself. In general, the most useful markers for predicting chronic disease are ones which persist over time. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV BIOMED SCI L452,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 2 IS 5 BP 487 EP 491 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LX261 UT WOS:A1993LX26100014 PM 8220095 ER PT J AU WEBER, R KUSTER, H VISVESVARA, GS BRYAN, RT SCHWARTZ, DA LUTHY, R AF WEBER, R KUSTER, H VISVESVARA, GS BRYAN, RT SCHWARTZ, DA LUTHY, R TI DISSEMINATED MICROSPORIDIOSIS DUE TO ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM - PULMONARY COLONIZATION, MICROHEMATURIA, AND MILD CONJUNCTIVITIS IN A PATIENT WITH AIDS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; CORNEAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS AB Four genera of microsporidia have been associated with disease in humans, which predominantly affects immunocompromised persons. Systemic infection with a newly characterized microsporidian species, Encephalitozoon hellem, was recently reported in a patient with AIDS. This article describes a second patient with AIDS and disseminated E. hellem infection. In this case the parasite was detected in sputum, urine, and conjunctival swab specimens. Apart from recurrent mild conjunctivitis and asymptomatic microhematuria, the patient had no findings or symptoms that could be related to this parasite. Specifically, no microsporidian-associated pulmonary pathology was documented. Detection of E. hellem in the patient's sputum may have epidemiological implications in that this finding suggests transmission of microsporidia by the aerosol route. Because the patient died of unrelated complications, it remains unknown whether he was an asymptomatic carrier of microsporidia or whether microhematuria heralded early microsporidian disease, with the onset of cellular damage in the urinary tract. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP WEBER, R (reprint author), UNIV HOSP ZURICH,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; Kuster, Herbert/A-3912-2013 NR 33 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LW237 UT WOS:A1993LW23700015 PM 8218683 ER PT J AU GORDON, SM MOSURE, DJ LEWIS, J BROWN, S MCNAGNY, SE SCHMID, GP AF GORDON, SM MOSURE, DJ LEWIS, J BROWN, S MCNAGNY, SE SCHMID, GP TI PREVALENCE OF SELF-MEDICATION WITH ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING A CLINIC FOR TREATMENT OF SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; ABUSE AB To ascertain the prevalence of self-medication with antimicrobial agents among patients attending a clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), we administered a questionnaire to and collected a urine specimen for antimicrobial testing from 551 patients before treatment. We defined self-medication as an antimicrobial agent taken on the patient's own initiative by self-report during the week before the visit to the clinic or a positive urine assay for antimicrobial agents at the time of the clinic visit. We tested urine for the presence of antimicrobial agents by a disk diffusion method using Sarcina lutea as the test organism. A total of 75 (14%) of the 551 participants were self-medicators: 19 reported antimicrobial use and had a positive urine test, 27 reported antimicrobial use but had a negative urine test, and 29 denied antimicrobial use but had a positive urine test. Thus, 29 (60%) of the 48 patients with antimicrobial agents detected in their urine at the time of the clinic visit denied self-medication. Self-medicators acquired their antibiotics either from their medicine cabinet (44%) or from a family member or friend (56%). Self-medication was associated with self-report of prior use of unprescribed antimicrobial agents (P < .0001). We concluded that use of unprescribed antimicrobial agents (usually beta-lactam agents or tetracyclines) among STD clinic attendees in our study was common and that self-reporting was not a reliable method of screening for self-medicators. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,CLIN RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,FACHBEREICH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV STD,LAB RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LW237 UT WOS:A1993LW23700023 PM 8218690 ER PT J AU DOEBBELING, BN BRENEMAN, DL NEU, HC ALY, R YANGCO, BG HOLLEY, HP MARSH, RJ PFALLER, MA MCGOWAN, JE SCULLY, BE REAGAN, DR WENZEL, RP HOLLIS, RJ HOUSTON, AK SHEETZ, CT BERGER, V CHANEY, R BRIONES, F GU, J BAYLES, C MILLER, M METCHOCK, B HANCOCK, G AF DOEBBELING, BN BRENEMAN, DL NEU, HC ALY, R YANGCO, BG HOLLEY, HP MARSH, RJ PFALLER, MA MCGOWAN, JE SCULLY, BE REAGAN, DR WENZEL, RP HOLLIS, RJ HOUSTON, AK SHEETZ, CT BERGER, V CHANEY, R BRIONES, F GU, J BAYLES, C MILLER, M METCHOCK, B HANCOCK, G TI ELIMINATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS NASAL CARRIAGE IN HEALTH-CARE WORKERS - ANALYSIS OF 6 CLINICAL-TRIALS WITH CALCIUM MUPIROCIN OINTMENT SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONIC ACID; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; TOPICAL MUPIROCIN; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; EFFICACY; MECHANISM; OUTBREAK AB Six double-blind, independently randomized studies evaluated the efficacy and safety of calcium mupirocin ointment in eliminating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers. Healthy volunteers with stable nasal carriage of S. aureus (n = 339) received either calcium mupirocin ointment (n = 170) or an identical placebo ointment (n = 169) intranasally for 5 days. Nasal carriage was eliminated 48-96 hours after completion of treatment in 130 (91%) of 143 evaluable volunteers receiving mupirocin but in only 8 (6%) of 142 evaluable volunteers receiving placebo. The 85% crude difference represents a 90% pooled (adjusted) estimate of the risk difference (95% confidence interval, 0.86-0.95) and a risk ratio of 16 (P < .0001). This effect of treatment with mupirocin was observed consistently (risk ratio, 8-32) in all six centers. In addition, 96 of the 130 mupirocin-treated volunteers and 1 of the 8 placebo-treated volunteers who were culture-negative at the end of therapy remained free of S. aureus 4 weeks after treatment. Adverse events in each treatment arm were mild and equally frequent. These data, consistent across six institutions, demonstrate that calcium mupirocin ointment administered intranasally for 5 days is safe and effective in eliminating stable nasal carriage of S. aureus. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. ST JOSEPHS HOSP,INFECT DIS RES INST,TAMPA,FL. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. SMITHKLINE BEECHAM PHARMACEUT,CONSHOHOCKEN,PA. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,QUILLEN DISHNER COLL MED,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP DOEBBELING, BN (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,200 HAWKINS DR,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. RI Doebbeling, Bradley/C-6620-2009; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 44 TC 112 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 466 EP 474 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LW237 UT WOS:A1993LW23700024 PM 8218691 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, GL DENNIS, DT QUAN, TJ SCRIMENTI, RJ AF CAMPBELL, GL DENNIS, DT QUAN, TJ SCRIMENTI, RJ TI ACUTE LYME-DISEASE IN AN AMERICAN TOURIST RETURNING FROM GERMANY SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ERYTHEMA MIGRANS LESIONS; DIAGNOSIS; SKIN C1 MED COLL WISCONSIN,DEPT DERMATOL,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. RP CAMPBELL, GL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 17 IS 3 BP 523 EP 524 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LW237 UT WOS:A1993LW23700044 PM 8218711 ER PT J AU REGNERY, RL AF REGNERY, RL TI CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE - AN UPDATE OF THE CASE FOR A ROCHALIMAEA ETIOLOGY SO COMPLICATIONS IN SURGERY LA English DT Article DE CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; AFIPIA-FELIS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE AB Many reports in the literature have previously finked Afipia felis with cat-scratch disease. Now, however, serologic, microbiologic, and clinical evidence point to Rochalimaea henselae as the etiologic agent. RP REGNERY, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 SN 1053-749X J9 COMPLICATION SURG JI Complicat. Surg. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA MD111 UT WOS:A1993MD11100005 ER PT J AU CHAN, WC HOOPER, C WICKERT, R BENSON, JM VARDIMAN, J HINRICHS, S WEISENBURGER, D AF CHAN, WC HOOPER, C WICKERT, R BENSON, JM VARDIMAN, J HINRICHS, S WEISENBURGER, D TI HTLV-I SEQUENCE IN LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS SO DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES SEZARY SYNDROME; CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA; LARGE-CELL ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA; KI-1 LYMPHOMA; HTLV-I; RETROVIRUSES ID T-CELL LYMPHOMAS; MYCOSIS-FUNGOIDES; SEZARY-SYNDROME; ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUSES; LEUKEMIA; DNA; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; BLOOD AB Several recent studies reported the detection of partially deleted HTLV-I provirus in biopsies of lesions from patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. We studied lesions from 59 patients (21 B-cell lymphomas: 16 diffuse and five follicular; 11 cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, including seven MF; one T-immunoblastic lymphoma; 10 diffuse anaplastic large-cell lymphomas: two B, four T, and four of indeterminate phenotype; three Hodgkin's lymphomas; eight atypical lymphoid proliferations; four other lymphoid lesions, and one squamous-cell carcinoma) using primers to the gag, pol and pX regions of HTLV-I in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect relevant sequences. A total of 10 patients showed one or more PCR-amplifiable products, including five of 11 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (45%) as compared with one of 21 patients with B-cell lymphomas (4.3%). We did not find a high incidence of positivity in anaplastic large-cell lymphomas, as reported previously. Detectable HTLV-I sequences were not limited to any subtype of lymphoma, and a pX sequence was detected in a squamous-cell carcinoma. Sequence analysis of one amplified product from each of the three regions studied showed a 94.2, 100, and 98.9% homology to the corresponding prototypical gag, pol, and pX HTLV-I sequences, respectively, indicating that the amplified sequences were derived from HTLV-I or a very closely related virus. HTLV-I sequences were detected in a significant proportion of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but their rote in the pathogenesis of the neoplasm is still unclear. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PATHOL,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP CHAN, WC (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1052-9551 J9 DIAGN MOL PATHOL JI Diagn. Mol. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 2 IS 3 BP 192 EP 199 DI 10.1097/00019606-199309000-00007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pathology GA MC153 UT WOS:A1993MC15300007 PM 8287232 ER PT J AU STROUP, DF THACKER, SB AF STROUP, DF THACKER, SB TI A BAYESIAN-APPROACH TO THE DETECTION OF ABERRATIONS IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE DATA SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KALMAN FILTER; STATISTICS; TIME SERIES; PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE AB The accurate and timely detection of unusual patterns in data from public health surveillance systems presents an important challenge to health workers interested in early identification of epidemics or clues to important risk factors. We apply the Kalman filter, a Bayesian method, to public health surveillance data collected in the United States to illustrate a methodology used to detect sudden, sustained changes in reported disease occurrence, changes in the rate of change of health event occurrence, as well as unusual reports or outliers. The method allows use of information external to reported data in forecasting expected numbers, information such as expert judgment, changes in case definition or reporting practices, or changes in the health event process. Results show good agreement with epidemiologically established patterns beginning early in the data series and demonstrated usefulness on a relatively short series. Because the method is unfamiliar to most practicing epidemiologists in public health, it should be compared with other techniques and made more ''user-friendly'' before general application. RP STROUP, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAIL STOP CO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1097/00001648-199309000-00009 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB862 UT WOS:A1993MB86200009 PM 8399692 ER PT J AU SERDULA, M COATES, R BYERS, T MOKDAD, A JEWELL, S CHAVEZ, N MARESPERLMAN, J NEWCOMB, P RITENBAUGH, C TREIBER, F BLOCK, G AF SERDULA, M COATES, R BYERS, T MOKDAD, A JEWELL, S CHAVEZ, N MARESPERLMAN, J NEWCOMB, P RITENBAUGH, C TREIBER, F BLOCK, G TI EVALUATION OF A BRIEF TELEPHONE QUESTIONNAIRE TO ESTIMATE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION IN DIVERSE STUDY POPULATIONS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; SURVEILLANCE; DATA COLLECTION; QUESTIONNAIRES; VALIDATION STUDY AB We evaluated the use of a six-item telephone questionnaire to estimate fruit and vegetable intakes in five diverse populations. Researchers administered the telephone questionnaire to persons who had previously undergone more extensive dietary assessment. The study populations included 553 middle-aged and older adults in Beaver Dam, WI; 252 middle-aged and older women throughout Wisconsin; 150 parents of school children in Augusta, GA; 73 low-income, Hispanic mothers in Chicago, IL; and 51 older adults in Arizona. Spearman correlation coefficients between total fruit and vegetable intakes measured by the brief telephone survey and by more extensive food frequency questionnaires were 0.47 (Augusta), 0.48 (Arizona), 0.56 (Wisconsin), and 0.57 (Beaver Dam). Correlations between intakes measured by the brief telephone survey and by multiple diet records or recalls were 0.29 (Arizona), 0.46 (Chicago), and 0.54 (Beaver Dam). With the exception of Arizona, mean daily fruit and vegetable intakes measured by the telephone survey were similar to intakes estimated by multiple diet records or recalls and lower than those estimated by extensive food frequency questionnaires. Although caution may be needed in interpreting dietary reports from some ethnic subgroups, this brief telephone questionnaire may be useful for surveillance of fruit and vegetable intake in the United States. RP SERDULA, M (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,CHRON DIS PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY06594, EY08012]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35073] NR 0 TC 169 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 4 IS 5 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1097/00001648-199309000-00012 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB862 UT WOS:A1993MB86200012 PM 8399695 ER PT J AU DIBISCEGLIE, AM HOOFNAGLE, JH KRAWCZYNSKI, K AF DIBISCEGLIE, AM HOOFNAGLE, JH KRAWCZYNSKI, K TI CHANGES IN HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-ANTIGEN IN LIVER WITH ANTIVIRAL THERAPY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT INTERFERON-ALFA; CONTROLLED TRIAL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DIBISCEGLIE, AM (reprint author), NIDDKD,LIVER DIS SECT,BLDG 10,ROOM 9C 103B,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 11 TC 78 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD SEP PY 1993 VL 105 IS 3 BP 858 EP 862 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LV382 UT WOS:A1993LV38200027 PM 7689520 ER PT J AU BLAKE, PA AF BLAKE, PA TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHOLERA IN THE AMERICA SO GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES TRAVELERS; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; GULF-COAST; RAW OYSTERS; TRANSMISSION; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; OUTBREAK; STRAIN; MEXICO; PERU RP BLAKE, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 98 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8553 J9 GASTROENTEROL CLIN N JI Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 639 EP 660 PG 22 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LW823 UT WOS:A1993LW82300011 PM 7691740 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ TASHJIAN, L POLLACK, M HOLDEN, J BRYAN, RT AF SCHWARTZ, DA VISVESVARA, GS LEITCH, GJ TASHJIAN, L POLLACK, M HOLDEN, J BRYAN, RT TI PATHOLOGY OF SYMPTOMATIC MICROSPORIDIAL (ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM) BRONCHIOLITIS IN THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME - A NEW RESPIRATORY PATHOGEN DIAGNOSED FROM LUNG-BIOPSY, BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE, SPUTUM, AND TISSUE-CULTURE SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENCEPHALITOZOON SP; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; BRONCHIOLITIS ID AIDS PATIENTS; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; DISEASE; VIRUS; INFECTION; DIARRHEA C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MOREHOUSE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHWARTZ, DA (reprint author), GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,80 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 36 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 24 IS 9 BP 937 EP 943 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(93)90106-Q PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA LX830 UT WOS:A1993LX83000002 PM 7504651 ER PT J AU ZUCKER, JR CAMPBELL, CC AF ZUCKER, JR CAMPBELL, CC TI MALARIA - PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; UNITED-STATES; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; EXCHANGE-TRANSFUSION; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; VIVAX; PROPHYLAXIS; DOXYCYCLINE; MEFLOQUINE; MORTALITY RP ZUCKER, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DPD,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 52 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 547 EP 567 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LY445 UT WOS:A1993LY44500006 PM 8254159 ER PT J AU KAMMERER, WS SCHANTZ, PM AF KAMMERER, WS SCHANTZ, PM TI ECHINOCOCCAL DISEASE SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID ALVEOLAR HYDATID-DISEASE; HUMAN CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; MULTICENTER CLINICAL-TRIALS; SURGICAL-TREATMENT; LIVER CYSTS; MULTILOCULARIS INFECTION; SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE; ALASKAN ESKIMOS; UNITED-STATES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,F13,ATLANTA,GA 30341. MAYO CLIN & MAYO GRAD SCH MED,DEPT MED,JACKSONVILLE,FL. NR 105 TC 101 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 605 EP 618 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LY445 UT WOS:A1993LY44500009 PM 8254162 ER PT J AU VANLANDINGHAM, RM WALKER, LL OSULLIVAN, JF SHINNICK, TM AF VANLANDINGHAM, RM WALKER, LL OSULLIVAN, JF SHINNICK, TM TI ACTIVITY OF PHENAZINE ANALOGS AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE INFECTIONS IN MICE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLOFAZIMINE; INVITRO; LEPROSY AB Twenty-five compounds structurally related to clofazimine were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium leprae using the kinetic method of drug evaluation in the mouse foot pad model of leprosy. Seven of the phenazine derivatives displayed anti-M. leprae activity comparable to that of clofazimine when administered at a concentration of 0.01% (w/w) in the diet. Three of the compounds, B746, B4087, and B4101, were active when administered at 0.001% in the diet. At a dietary concentration of 0.0001%, B4087 and B4101 were slightly more active than clofazimine, while B746 was less active. In the kinetic method of drug evaluation, greater anti-M. leprae activity of phenazine derivatives was generally associated with greater pigmentation of abdominal fat. Of the compounds which did not cause pigmentation when fed at a concentration of 0.01% in the diet, B4090 was the most active. This compound also inhibits the growth of a clofazimine-resistant M. smegmatis strain. C1 UNIV COLL DUBLIN,DEPT CHEM,DUBLIN 4,IRELAND. RP VANLANDINGHAM, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAIL STOP G35,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEPROSY MISSION PI BATON ROUGE PA GWL HANSENS DISEASE CENTER, LSU VET SCHOOL, RM 11022, SOUTH STADIUM DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803-9999 SN 0148-916X J9 INT J LEPROSY JI Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 61 IS 3 BP 406 EP 414 PG 9 WC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine SC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine GA MJ378 UT WOS:A1993MJ37800005 PM 8228439 ER PT J AU WEST, GR NOEGEL, RAB WASSERHEIT, JN AF WEST, GR NOEGEL, RAB WASSERHEIT, JN TI PREVENTING SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP WEST, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 10 IS 1 BP 12 EP & PG 0 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA MB290 UT WOS:A1993MB29000012 ER PT J AU JONES, WK CURRAN, JW AF JONES, WK CURRAN, JW TI RETHINKING AIDS - THE TRAGIC COST OF PREMATURE CONSENSUS - ROOTBERNSTEIN,R SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Book Review RP JONES, WK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 10 IS 1 BP 80 EP 81 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA MB290 UT WOS:A1993MB29000029 ER PT J AU SPRAUER, MA MARKOWITZ, LE NICHOLSON, JKA HOLMAN, RC DEFOREST, A DALES, LG KHOURY, NK AF SPRAUER, MA MARKOWITZ, LE NICHOLSON, JKA HOLMAN, RC DEFOREST, A DALES, LG KHOURY, NK TI RESPONSE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTED ADULTS TO MEASLES RUBELLA VACCINATION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEASLES; RUBELLA; VACCINATION; HIV ID CHILDREN; SUBSETS AB Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) is recommended for human immunodeficiency virus-infected (HIV+) adults. Data concerning MMR vaccination of HIV+ patients are limited to children. We evaluated 39 HIV+ (97% with >200 CD4+ lymphocytes) and 17 non-HIV+ control adults receiving measles-rubella vaccine (MR). Clinical adverse events did not differ between groups. Prevaccination, three HIV+ and two control vaccinees were measles seronegative; no HIV+ and one control vaccinee seroconverted. No initially measles-seropositive vaccinee had a significant antibody elevation. Four HIV+ and three control vaccinees were rubella seronegative prevaccination; three HIV+ and two control vaccinees seroconverted. Among those initially rubella seropositive, two HIV+ and one control vaccinee had significant antibody elevations. There were no significant percentage CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte changes between groups. Three HIV+ vaccinees were p24 antigen positive pre- and postvaccination. Although MR vaccination appears safe in HIV+ adults, questions remain about the response of measles and rubella antibody-negative HIV+ adults and those with <200 CD4+ lymphocytes. C1 INDIANA STATE DEPT HLTH,INDIANAPOLIS,IN. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,NATL IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. TEMPLE UNIV,HLTH SCI CTR,SCH MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19140. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CALIF DEPT CORRECT,SACRAMENTO,CA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1013 EP 1016 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MC828 UT WOS:A1993MC82800007 PM 8340890 ER PT J AU WASSER, SC GWINN, M FLEMING, P AF WASSER, SC GWINN, M FLEMING, P TI URBAN NONURBAN DISTRIBUTION OF HIV-INFECTION IN CHILDBEARING WOMEN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV SEROPREVALENCE; PREGNANT WOMEN; URBAN POPULATION ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC; AIDS AB Women account for an increasing proportion of AIDS cases in the United States, and the number reported from small cities and rural areas is growing. To better describe the geographic characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in women, we analyzed data for more than 1.6 million newborn specimens tested for maternal antibody to HIV-1 in 35 states in 1989. To provide comparable geographic units for analysis, seroprevalence rates were calculated for state-designated health districts, which are groups of counties defined for the planning and delivery of health services. Health districts with greater-than-or-equal-to 75% of the population residing in urban areas as defined by the 1990 census were considered urban. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 0 to 12.2 per 1,000, with the highest rates found in urban health districts, primarily those on the East coast; however, high rates were also found in some nonurban districts, particularly in the South. Rates among black women were three to 35 times higher than in white women in nine states, regardless of urbanicity. These findings should be used to focus prevention activities and direct health care planners to urban and rural areas in need of HIV-related services for women. RP WASSER, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1035 EP 1042 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MC828 UT WOS:A1993MC82800011 PM 8340894 ER PT J AU PADIAN, NS OBRIEN, TR CHANG, YC GLASS, S FRANCIS, DP AF PADIAN, NS OBRIEN, TR CHANG, YC GLASS, S FRANCIS, DP TI PREVENTION OF HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS THROUGH COUPLE COUNSELING SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR CHANGE; CONDOM USE ID HIV-INFECTION; NOTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; PARTNER AB In the absence of an effective vaccine, behavior change remains the most effective means to prevent the spread of HIV. We examined behavior change-over time and rates of HIV seroconversion in a cohort of HIV individuals and their heterosexual partners recruited since 1985. Participants were recruited from various HIV counseling and testing sources throughout California and were usually interviewed and tested in their own homes. Couple counseling and risk assessments were conducted at average intervals of six months. Data from 144 couples who were discordant for HIV serostatus are reported. Of the index cases, 78% were men. Most male index cases were bisexuals, and most female index cases were infected through heterosexual intercourse with a previous sexual partner. The mean duration of the relationship for the couple at intake was 5.6 years. Both condom use and sexual abstinence increased over time (p < 0.001 for both), and most behavior change occurred between intake and first follow-up visit. We observed no seroconversion after 193 couple-years of follow-up. Couple counseling in combination with social support appears to be an effective means to promote and sustain behavior change among HIV-infected individuals and their heterosexual partners. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,PROGRAM REPROD EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1043 EP 1048 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MC828 UT WOS:A1993MC82800012 PM 8340895 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W LERCHE, NW WOODS, T SPIRA, T LIFF, JM ELEY, W YEE, JL KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF AF HENEINE, W LERCHE, NW WOODS, T SPIRA, T LIFF, JM ELEY, W YEE, JL KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF TI THE SEARCH FOR HUMAN INFECTION WITH SIMIAN TYPE-D RETROVIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE SIMIAN TYPE-D RETROVIRUSES; HIV-1; LYMPHOMA; HTLV-I/II SEROINDETERMINATE; LOW CD4 COUNT PATIENTS; PCR ID RHESUS-MONKEY; HTLV-II; ANTIBODIES; VIRUS; AIDS; SERA AB Evidence has recently been presented for an infection with a simian type D retrovirus in a patient with AIDS and lymphoma. We tested for simian type D infection in three groups of subjects: 375 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (255 non-Hodgkin's, 88 Hodgkin's, and 32 chronic lymphoproliferative disease), of whom 75 were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected; seven persons with unexplained low CD4 lymphocyte counts with clinical conditions; and 45 blood donors, of whom 37 were human T-lymphocyte virus (HTLV)-I/II seroindeterminate and eight were HTLV-I/II and HIV-1 seronegative. Serum samples were screened for antibodies against simian type D retroviruses by an enzyme immunoassay, and reactive samples were analyzed by Western blotting. None of the samples were seropositive, but eight (five from non-Hodgkin's and three from Hodgkin's lymphoma patients) were seroindeterminate. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of genomic DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of all eight of these patients was carried out using simian type D gag generic primers with generic internal oligoprobing. All samples were negative. We conclude that simian type D infection is rare among HIV-infected and noninfected lymphoma patients, persons with unexplained low CD4 counts, and persons with HTLV-seroindeterminate test results. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP HENEINE, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1062 EP 1066 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MC828 UT WOS:A1993MC82800015 PM 8393488 ER PT J AU LAL, RB LIPKA, JJ FOUNG, SKH HADLOCK, KG REYES, GR CARNEY, WP AF LAL, RB LIPKA, JJ FOUNG, SKH HADLOCK, KG REYES, GR CARNEY, WP TI HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I/II IN LAKE LINDU VALLEY, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; HTLV-I; HIGH PREVALENCE; POPULATIONS; ANTIBODIES C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. GENELABS INC,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,REDWOOD CITY,CA. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DIV TROP PUBL HLTH,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 6 IS 9 BP 1067 EP 1068 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MC828 UT WOS:A1993MC82800016 PM 8340898 ER PT J AU FIELDS, HA FAVOROV, MO MARGOLIS, HS AF FIELDS, HA FAVOROV, MO MARGOLIS, HS TI THE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOASSAY LA English DT Review DE HEV; REVIEW; EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES; CHARACTERISTICS; PREVENTION AB Hepatitis E is endemic, often provoking epidemics, throughout most of the tropics in developing countries worldwide. It resembles hepatitis A clinically and epidemiologically, but differs with regard to a higher mortality in pregnancy and less person-to-person spread within households, suggesting that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is less infectious. Several lines of evidence strongly support the assumption that humans become immunized after infection. Because of the relatively low infectiousness of HEV, most of the adult population residing in endemic regions are susceptible to hepatitis E, unlike hepatitis A, which usually occurs during early life. Epidemics of hepatitis E are caused by ingestion of fecally contaminated water. Recently, HEV has been cloned and sequenced. The genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA 7,194 nucleotides long followed by a poly-(A) tail. There are three open reading frames. The nonstructural gene, approximately 5 kb long, is located at the 5'-end, while the structural gene, approximately 2 kb long, is located at the 3' end of the genome. There is a low level of nucleotide variation among HEV strains isolated from Myanmar and China and a single serotype appears to exist. Diagnostic tests for the detection of anti-HEV have been developed that use either recombinant expressed proteins or a combination of synthetic peptides chemically conjugated to bovine serum albumin. RP FIELDS, HA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU CLINICAL LIGAND ASSAY SOC PI WAYNE PA 3139 S WAYNE RD, WAYNE, MI 48184 SN 0736-4393 J9 J CLIN IMMUNOASSAY JI J. Clin. Immunoass. PD FAL PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA MD351 UT WOS:A1993MD35100008 ER PT J AU DASILVA, AJ PIUVEZAM, MR DEMOURA, H MADDISON, S PERALTA, JM AF DASILVA, AJ PIUVEZAM, MR DEMOURA, H MADDISON, S PERALTA, JM TI RAPID COMPETITIVE ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY USING A MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY REACTING WITH A 15-KILODALTON TEGUMENTAL ANTIGEN OF SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI FOR SERODIAGNOSIS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING ANODIC ANTIGEN; S-MANSONI; ELISA; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTION; PROTEINS; REAGENT; SERUM AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) for antibody detection was developed by using a monoclonal antibody which reacts with a 15-kDa tegumental antigen of the adult worm of Schistosoma mansoni. This monoclonal antibody was not able to react with antigens of Schistosoma japonicum or Schistosoma haematobium in enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and indirect immunofluorescence tests. The assay was performed in a period of 1 h using an adult worm crude extract antigen. To evaluate the CELISA, a total of 73 serum samples was analyzed: 35 were from S. mansoni-infected patients, 23 were from individuals with parasitic infections other than schistosomiasis, and 14 were from healthy individuals. All serum samples from healthy individuals and from patients infected with other parasites were negative, as were two (6%) samples from patients infected with S. mansoni. EITB analysis showed that 32 of 33 CELISA-positive samples were positive in the EITB but with different patterns of reactivity. A 15-kDa protein reacted with 60% of serum samples, and a 60-kDa protein showed the highest level of reactivity (85%). The two samples from patients infected with S. mansoni that were negative in the CELISA reacted with 70-, 60-, 50-, 47-, and 38-kDa proteins. One sample, positive in CELISA, did not react with proteins of the antigenic extract. C1 HOSP EVANDRO CHAGAS,FIOCRUZ,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. UNIV FED RIO DE JANEIRO,INST MICROBIOL,DIV PARASIT DIS,RIO JANEIRO,BRAZIL. RP DASILVA, AJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2315 EP 2319 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LT813 UT WOS:A1993LT81300011 PM 8408548 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL FUCHS, PC ALLEN, SD JORGENSEN, JH TENOVER, FC MURRAY, PR HARDY, DJ BAKER, CN AF BARRY, AL FUCHS, PC ALLEN, SD JORGENSEN, JH TENOVER, FC MURRAY, PR HARDY, DJ BAKER, CN TI TENTATIVE CRITERIA FOR CONFIRMING THE IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE AND NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE TO 2 FLUOROQUINOLONES (SPARFLOXACIN AND LEVOFLOXACIN), INCLUDING QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROPOSED INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA; QUINOLONE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT; TESTING SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTROL LIMITS; OFLOXACIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; ENOXACIN AB Sparfloxacin and levofloxacin were evaluated against 150 Haemophilus influenzae isolates and 149 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in order to define susceptibility testing parameters. Sparfloxacin-susceptible H. influenzae strains were defined as those for which the MICs were less-than-or-equal-to 0.25 mug/ml and the zones were greater-than-or-equal-to 30 mm, and N. gonorrhoeae susceptible strains were those for which the MICs were less-than-or-equal-to 0.03 mug/ml and the zones were greater-than-or-equal-to 39 mm (5-mug disks). Levofloxacin-susceptible strains of H. influenzae included those for which the MICs were less-than-or-equal-to 0.12 mug/ml and the zones were greater-than-or-equal-to 32 mm and N. gonorrhoeae susceptible strains were those for which the MICs were less-than-or-equal-to 0.12 mug/ml and the zones were greater-than-or-equal-to 37 mm (5-mug disks). Criteria for a resistant category cannot yet be defined for either quinolone. In multilaboratory studies with different lots of Haemophilus Test Medium, replicate tests with the standard control strain of H. influenzae (ATCC 49247) were evaluated. For sparfloxacin disk tests, the proposed zone size limits were 33 to 42 mm and broth microdilution MIC limits were 0.004 to 0.016 mug/ml, whereas for levofloxacin tests, zone size limits were 32 to 41 mm and broth microdilution MIC limits were 0.008 to 0.03 mug/ml. Other multilaboratory studies evaluated tests with supplemented GC agar and N. gonorrhoeae ATCC 49226; for both drugs, zone size limits were 44 to 52 mm and agar dilution MIC limits were 0.004 to 0.016 mug/ml. C1 ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WASHINGTON UNIV,BARNES HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2375 EP 2380 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LT813 UT WOS:A1993LT81300022 PM 8408559 ER PT J AU ANDERSEN, BM STEIGERWALT, AG OCONNOR, SP HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS WEAVER, RE BRENNER, DJ AF ANDERSEN, BM STEIGERWALT, AG OCONNOR, SP HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS WEAVER, RE BRENNER, DJ TI NEISSERIA-WEAVERI SP-NOV, FORMERLY CDC GROUP M-5, A GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIUM ASSOCIATED WITH DOG-BITE WOUNDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELONGATA SUBSP NITROREDUCENS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FAMILY NEISSERIACEAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; 16S RNA; SEQUENCE; KINGELLA; PROTEOBACTERIA; ENDOCARDITIS; SIMONSIELLA AB CDC group M-5 is a rod-shaped, gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium associated with dog bite wounds. DNA-DNA relatedness and biochemical and growth characteristics were studied for 54 strains from the collection at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. One typical M-5 strain, 8142, was further studied by 16S rRNA sequencing. DNA from 40 of 53 strains showed 82 to 100% relatedness (hydroxyapatite method) to labeled DNA from strain 8142. The guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content in 8 of the 41 highly related M-5 strains was 50.5 to 52 mol%. These 41 strains were oxidase and catalase positive, nonfermentative, nitrite positive, nitrate negative, weakly phenylalanine deaminase positive, aerobic, and alpha-hemolytic (sheep blood). DNA from the 13 remaining strains showed only 7 to 46% DNA relatedness to strain 8142. These 13 non-M-5 strains differed from the M-5 strains in G+C content, growth characteristics, and biochemical profiles. DNA from M-5 strain 8142 was most closely related to DNA from groups EF-4b (47%) and EF-4a (45%). 16S rRNA sequence analysis placed M-5 strain 8142 in the Neisseriaceae cluster of the beta-3 subgroup of the class Proteobacteria. It was most homologous (98.4 to 98.8%) to Neisseria animalis, Neisseria flavescens, Neisseria canis, and Neisseria elongata. All data are consistent with M-5 being a new species of Neisseria, for which we propose the name Neisseria weaveri. C1 UNIV HOSP TROMSO,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,N-9000 TROMSO,NORWAY. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 49 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2456 EP 2466 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LT813 UT WOS:A1993LT81300036 PM 8408570 ER PT J AU POPOVIC, T BOPP, C OLSVIK, O WACHSMUTH, K AF POPOVIC, T BOPP, C OLSVIK, O WACHSMUTH, K TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATION OF A STANDARDIZED RIBOTYPE SCHEME FOR VIBRIO-CHOLERAE 01 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STATES GULF-COAST; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; DNA; O1; STRAINS; PERSISTENCE AB A standardized scheme of 27 different BglI ribotypes and subtypes of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains is proposed on the basis of data from 214 human and environmental strains isolated in 35 countries and 14 U.S. states over the past 60 years. The ribotype patterns obtained are reproducible and stable over time. Seven different but very similar ribotypes (1a to 1g) were observed among 16 strains of the classical biotype. Twenty ribotypes and subtypes were identified among 198 V. cholerae 01 strains of the El Tor biotype. Six different patterns were found among the strains causing the current seventh pandemic. Strains of ribotype 8 originated only in central African countries, while those of ribotype 3 originated mainly in Asia and the Pacific Islands. The most widely distributed strains were those of ribotype 6, which was subdivided into three very similar but still distinguishable subtypes. The present Latin American epidemic is caused by strains of ribotype 5. Strains of this ribotype were isolated from several other geographic locations but can be differentiated from the Latin American strains by other molecular methods. Strains associated with two documented environmental reservoirs exhibited three distinct ribotype patterns; those isolated from patients who ate food from the U.S. Gulf waters were all of ribotype 2, while the strains related to the northeast Australian rivers were of ribotypes 9 and 10. Nontoxigenic V. cholerae 01 strains originating in latin America and the U.S. Gulf Coast did not form a specific cluster of ribotypes. Ribotyping in combination with other well-defined methods can assist in epidemiologic investigations, helping to trace the movement of strains and to identify their geographic origins. RP POPOVIC, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 57 TC 137 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2474 EP 2482 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LT813 UT WOS:A1993LT81300038 PM 7691876 ER PT J AU BEEBE, JL RAU, MP FLAGEOLLE, S CALHOON, B KNAPP, JS AF BEEBE, JL RAU, MP FLAGEOLLE, S CALHOON, B KNAPP, JS TI INCIDENCE OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE ISOLATES NEGATIVE BY SYVA DIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST BUT POSITIVE BY GEN-PROBE ACCUPROBE TEST IN A SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINIC POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; CULTURE AB To determine the accuracy of the Syva (Palo Alto, Calif.) direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) test in comparison with the Gen-Probe (San Diego, Calif.) Accuprobe culture confirmation test, we tested 395 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from cultures obtained from patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic from 1 July 1991 through 30 June 1992. All isolates were tested for DFA reactivity with a polyclonal reagent (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and a monoclonal reagent (Syva, Inc., direct specimen test) and for specific molecular probe reactivity by the Gen-Probe Accuprobe culture confirmation test for N. gonorrhoeae. The 395 isolates gave positive results for the Gen-Probe culture confirmation test and the Difco polyclonal direct specimen test. However, 18 (4.6%) of the isolates were negative for N. gonorrhoeae by the Syva DFA test. With the exception of six beta-lactamase-positive isolates, all isolates that were negative by Syva DFA were sensitive to penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, and ceftriaxone by disk-diffusion susceptibility testing. Auxotyping and serotyping studies indicated that strains negative by Syva DFA consisted of several variants. The frequency of N. gonorrhoeae isolates showing negative results by Syva DFA in this patient population ranged from 0 to 11.5%/month. Laboratories using only the Syva DFA test for confirmation of N. gonorrhoeae may incur a significant risk of misidentification. C1 UNIV HOSP DENVER,DENVER,CO 80262. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BEEBE, JL (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV LABS,DENVER,CO 80217, USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 31 IS 9 BP 2535 EP 2537 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LT813 UT WOS:A1993LT81300055 PM 8408585 ER PT J AU POPOVIC, T OLSVIK, O BLAKE, PA WACHSMUTH, K AF POPOVIC, T OLSVIK, O BLAKE, PA WACHSMUTH, K TI CHOLERA IN THE AMERICA - FOODBORNE ASPECTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID STATES GULF-COAST; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AB Over 100 serotypes of Vibrio cholerae exist, but generally the toxigenic strains of the serogroup O1 cause cholera and possess documented epidemic potential. The main symptom of cholera is a profuse diarrhea resulting in dehydration, that if untreated, leads to death. Seven pandemics of this contagious disease have been recorded during the last 200 years. A sick person secrets in his stool billions of organisms daily, and water and food contaminated with such a stool are the primary sources of infection during the epidemics. With the increase of the international food trade, food is often shipped from countries with endemic or epidemic cholera. With one exception, no documented cases of cholera have been reported, as a result of the internationally regulated food trade. However, during the present Latin American epidemic, inadequately cooked seafood has been implicated as a source of cholera. As a result of the epidemic, over 100 cases of cholera have occurred in the United States related to seafood consumed during a visit to Latin America or after its noncommercial transport into the country. Furthermore, V. cholerae persists as a free-living organism in environmental reservoirs in Australia and the U.S. Gulf Coast; there have been 65 domestically acquired cases of cholera in the United States since 1973. Molecular typing methods have enabled us to identify and characterize endemic and epidemic strains, and to document transmission of cholera when food was implicated epidemiologically as a vehicle of transmission. RP POPOVIC, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 112 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 56 IS 9 BP 811 EP 821 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA LY072 UT WOS:A1993LY07200013 ER PT J AU ELLNER, JJ HINMAN, AR DOOLEY, SW FISCHL, MA SEPKOWITZ, KA GOLDBERGER, MJ SHINNICK, TM ISEMAN, MD JACOBS, WR AF ELLNER, JJ HINMAN, AR DOOLEY, SW FISCHL, MA SEPKOWITZ, KA GOLDBERGER, MJ SHINNICK, TM ISEMAN, MD JACOBS, WR TI TUBERCULOSIS SYMPOSIUM - EMERGING PROBLEMS AND PROMISE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; AMPLIFICATION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; INVITRO AB Between 1985 and 1991, 39,000 cases of tuberculosis occurred in excess of those expected based on previous trends. Immigration from high-prevalence countries, coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and outbreaks in congregative facilities are most responsible for the increase. Coincident with the increase in tuberculosis, outbreaks of multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis have occurred. Clinical and epidemiologic data support nosocomial transmission. MDR tuberculosis occurred late in the course of HIV infection and was refractory to treatment. Compounding the problems of rising incidence and increasing resistance was the sudden recognition of shortages of antituberculous drugs. The problems currently posed by tuberculosis require new approaches to diagnosis and rapid sensitivity testing as well as assuring an adequate supply of licensed drugs and development of new drugs. A number of steps have been taken by governmental agencies to assure that the challenge is met. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV HOSP,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,MIAMI,FL 33152. JACKSON MEM HOSP,MIAMI,FL 33136. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. US FDA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857. NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP MED,DENVER,CO. RP ELLNER, JJ (reprint author), CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,10900 EUCLID AVE,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. NR 55 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 168 IS 3 BP 537 EP 551 PG 15 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LU337 UT WOS:A1993LU33700002 PM 8354898 ER PT J AU VUGIA, DJ KIEHLBAUCH, JA YEBOUE, K NGBICHI, JM LACINA, D MARAN, M GONDO, M KOUADIO, K KADIO, A LUCAS, SB KESTENS, L CRAWFORD, JT WELLS, JG BRATTEGAARD, K DECOCK, KM GRIFFIN, PM AF VUGIA, DJ KIEHLBAUCH, JA YEBOUE, K NGBICHI, JM LACINA, D MARAN, M GONDO, M KOUADIO, K KADIO, A LUCAS, SB KESTENS, L CRAWFORD, JT WELLS, JG BRATTEGAARD, K DECOCK, KM GRIFFIN, PM TI PATHOGENS AND PREDICTORS OF FATAL SEPTICEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN IVORY-COAST, WEST-AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; BACTEREMIA; TUBERCULOSIS; ABIDJAN; SALMONELLOSIS AB In East Africa, bacteremia is more common in hospitalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-positive than -negative patients. In 1991, blood cultures and clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 319 patients in Ivory Coast, where both HIV-1 and -2 infections occur. Forty-three bacterial, 10 mycobacterial, and 8 fungal pathogens were isolated from blood of 54 patients (17%). Pathogens isolated significantly (P less-than-or-equal-to .05) more frequently from HIV-positive than -negative patients were nonmycobacterial bacteria, particularly Salmonella enteritidis; mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Mycobacterium bovis; and yeast or fungus. HIV-1 or -2 positivity was associated with a 3-fold increased risk for septicemia (P < .02). HIV-positive patients with fever or with lymphocyte counts < 1000 were more likely to be septicemic than those without these characteristics. Mortality increased significantly with HIV positivity (40% vs. 14%, P < .001) and, among HIV-positive patients, with having pathogens isolated from blood (63% vs. 33%, P < .001). C1 UNIV ABIDJAN,FAC MED,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. UNIV COLL & MIDDLESEX SCH MED,DEPT HISTOPATHOL,LONDON,ENGLAND. INST TROP MED,PATHOL & IMMUNOL,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ABIDJAN,RETRO-C1 PROJET,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP VUGIA, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 44 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 168 IS 3 BP 564 EP 570 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LU337 UT WOS:A1993LU33700005 PM 8394859 ER PT J AU LAL, RB GONGORABIACHI, RA PARDI, D SWITZER, WM GOLDMAN, I LAL, AA AF LAL, RB GONGORABIACHI, RA PARDI, D SWITZER, WM GOLDMAN, I LAL, AA TI EVIDENCE FOR MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HAIRY-CELL LEUKEMIA; MILK-BORNE TRANSMISSION; HTLV-I; BREAST-MILK; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; PROVIRAL DNA; INFECTION; EPITOPES AB Serologic analysis of the children of 2 married human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II)-infected prostitutes demonstrated antibodies to HTLV-II in an 8-year-old boy whose only recognizable risk for HTLV-II infection was breast-feeding during his first 4 years of life. Limited sequence analysis of isolates infecting the mother and child demonstrated 100% identical sequences in the long terminal repeat (LTR65-297 236 bp), pol4762-4919 (157 bp), and env5523-6003 (480 bp) regions (both isolates were subtype a), suggesting mother-to-child transmission. In contrast, isolates obtained from 2 other prostitutes from the same geographic region had sequences different from those of the first woman and her child, and the second and third women were infected with HTLV-II subtype b. Although vertical transmission of HTLV-II in this 8-year-old child cannot be conclusively ascertained, the probability is overwhelming that infection occurred through breast-feeding for an extended period of time. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR INVEST REG,MERIDA,MEXICO. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 168 IS 3 BP 586 EP 591 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LU337 UT WOS:A1993LU33700008 PM 8354900 ER PT J AU SMITH, RP RAND, PW LACOMBE, EH TELFORD, SR RICH, SM PIESMAN, J SPIELMAN, A AF SMITH, RP RAND, PW LACOMBE, EH TELFORD, SR RICH, SM PIESMAN, J SPIELMAN, A TI NORWAY RATS AS RESERVOIR HOSTS FOR LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETES ON MONHEGAN-ISLAND, MAINE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; IXODES-DAMMINI; NEW-YORK; DOGS; CONNECTICUT; RODENTS; TRANSMISSION; CALIFORNIA; MAMMALS AB To determine whether the agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, may be maintained in the absence of its usual white-footed mouse reservoir host, Ixodes dammini ticks from an island where mice are absent were examined. Prevalence of spirochetal infection was described for ticks removed from mammals, birds, and vegetation on Monhegan Island, Maine. Forty percent of adult I. dammini removed from vegetation were infected. Norway rats were heavily infested with ticks, and >60% of such ticks contained spirochetes. Other hosts were less frequently infested by ticks, and few such ticks were infected by spirochetes. The prevalence of antibody to B. burgdorferi was 23% in dogs and cats; 4% of island residents had Lyme disease. Thus, rats maintain Lyme disease spirochetes on Monhegan Island, and there may be transmission of this agent by I. dammini to island residents and their pets. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO. RP SMITH, RP (reprint author), MAINE MED CTR,RES DEPT,22 BRAMHALL ST,PORTLAND,ME 04102, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-91-0915] NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 168 IS 3 BP 687 EP 691 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LU337 UT WOS:A1993LU33700021 PM 8354910 ER PT J AU MILLER, LA BEEBE, JL BUTLER, JC MARTIN, W BENSON, R HOFFMAN, RE FIELDS, BS AF MILLER, LA BEEBE, JL BUTLER, JC MARTIN, W BENSON, R HOFFMAN, RE FIELDS, BS TI USE OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION IN AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF PONTIAC FEVER SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; CULTURE AB In June 1992, 13 (38%) of 34 resort guests experienced illness that met a symptom-based case definition of Pontiac fever. Each ill guest reported using an indoor hot tub compared with 6 (29%) of 21 nonill guests (P < .001). Water samples from the indoor hot tub were culture-negative for legionellae using standard techniques, coculture with amebae, and intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs. However, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of the water samples indicated the presence of Legionella pneumophila. Direct fluorescent antibody testing identified the organism as serogroup 6. Seroconversion to L. pneumophila serogroup 6 occurred in 7 (64%) of 11 ill guests and none of 5 nonill guests (P = .03). These results suggest that in certain circumstances, culture of environmental samples should be supplemented with additional tests such as PCR. These results are also consistent with the concept that Pontiac fever can be caused by nonviable legionellae. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP MILLER, LA (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DCEED-EE-A3,4300 CHERRY CREEK DR S,DENVER,CO 80222, USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [5 D33 AH 18002] NR 13 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 168 IS 3 BP 769 EP 772 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LU337 UT WOS:A1993LU33700039 PM 8354920 ER PT J AU ERDMAN, DD HEATH, JL WATSON, JC MARKOWITZ, LE BELLINI, WJ AF ERDMAN, DD HEATH, JL WATSON, JC MARKOWITZ, LE BELLINI, WJ TI IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO MEASLES-VIRUS FOLLOWING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY VACCINATION AND NATURAL VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNIZATION; SEROLOGY ID SCHOOL POPULATION; IGM ANTIBODIES; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; FAILURES AB The use of IgM antibody detection for the classification of the primary and secondary measles antibody response in persons following primary and secondary vaccination and natural measles virus infection was examined. Of 32 nonimmune children receiving primary measles vaccination, 31 (97%) developed IgM antibodies, consistent with a primary antibody response. Of 21 previously vaccinated children with low levels of preexisting IgG antibodies who responded to revaccination, none developed detectable IgM antibodies, whereas 33 of 35 (94%) with no detectable preexisting IgG antibodies developed an IgM response. Of a sample of 57 measles cases with a prior history of vaccination, 55 (96%) had detectable IgM antibodies. Of these, 30 (55%) were classified as having a primary antibody response and 25 (45%) a secondary antibody response based on differences in their ratios of IgM to IgG antibodies. Differences in the severity of clinical symptoms between these 2 groups were consistent with this classification scheme. These findings suggest that 1) an IgM response follows primary measles vaccination in the immunologically naive, 2) an IgM response is absent on revaccination of those previously immunized, and 3) an IgM response may follow clinical measles virus infection independent of prior immunization status. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ERDMAN, DD (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890410110 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LV410 UT WOS:A1993LV41000009 PM 8228936 ER PT J AU PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA KRAWCZYNSKI, K SPELBRING, J REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW AF PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA KRAWCZYNSKI, K SPELBRING, J REYES, GR BRADLEY, DW TI PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE THAT A TRPE-HEV FUSION PROTEIN PROTECTS CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES AGAINST CHALLENGE WITH WILD-TYPE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS (HEV) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PRIMATES ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; ATTENUATED HEPATITIS; LIVE AB Immunization of two cynomolgus macaques (cynos) with trpE-C2 protein, a trpE-HEV fusion protein that represents the carboxyl two thirds of the putative capsid protein, prevented development of biochemical evidence of viral hepatitis in these primates after challenge by wild-type HEV from either-a Burmese or Mexican stool isolate. Neither of the immunized animals showed any elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity after challenge with wild-type HEV in marked contrast with the unimmunized (control) cynos. In the case of the Burmese HEV challenged cyno, the protective effect was complete with the animal failing to demonstrate any evidence of HEV infection. The immunized cyno challenged with Burmese HEV did not exhibit any HEV RNA in its stools or HEV antigen in its liver. The immunized cyno (#8902) challenged with Mexican virus exhibited HEV RNA in its stools and HEV antigen in its liver; however, microscopic examination of liver biopsy specimens from this cyno failed to detect histopathologic evidence of viral hepatitis. All of the animals (naive and immunized) developed anti-HEV IgM and IgG responses after HEV challenge. Our preliminary studies indicate that the trpE-C2 protein is a promising candidate HEV vaccine. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. RP PURDY, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 73 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890410118 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LV410 UT WOS:A1993LV41000017 PM 8228944 ER PT J AU BROWN, DR MORGAN, WP RAGLIN, JS AF BROWN, DR MORGAN, WP RAGLIN, JS TI EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND REST ON THE STATE ANXIETY AND BLOOD-PRESSURE OF PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED COLLEGE-STUDENTS SO JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL FITNESS LA English DT Article DE EXERCISE; ANXIETY; STUDENTS, PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single session of exercise and quiet rest on the blood pressure and state anxiety response of physically challenged college students (n = 10) enrolled in an adaptive physical education class. Each student had some degree of injury or disability (none requiring the use of a wheelchair) which made exercising inconvenient with regard to maintaining an optimal level of frequency, intensity, and duration of activity. All subjects participated in two treatment conditions in a counterbalanced design: (1) exercise (on a bicycle ergometer or treadmill) to self-imposed maximum, and (2) quiet rest in a soundproof chamber. Blood pressure and state anxiety (STAI 1) were assessed prior to and immediately following both conditions. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data. There was a non-significant 7.4 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure immediately following exercise, and a 9.6 mmHg, decrease following rest. A significant decrease in state anxiety was observed following exercise and rest. It is concluded that individuals who are physically challenged can experience reductions in anxiety after a session of vigorous exercise. RP BROWN, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MS-K47,4770 BUFORD HYGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0022-4707 J9 J SPORT MED PHYS FIT JI J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 300 EP 305 PG 6 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA MN266 UT WOS:A1993MN26600013 PM 8107484 ER PT J AU GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM AF GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM TI REGRESSION-ANALYSIS OF CURRENT-STATUS DATA - AN APPLICATION TO BREAST-FEEDING SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; CURRENT-STATUS DATA; NONPARAMETRIC MODELS; PARAMETRIC MODELS; REGRESSION; SPLINES ID LIFE-TABLES; MODELS; DIFFERENTIALS; SYSTEM AB Current-status data are often collected for use in survival analyses, because this type of data generally is considered to be more reliable than retrospective reports of when an event occurred. Although techniques for calculating mean survival time from current-status data are well known, their use in multiple regression models is somewhat troublesome. Using data on current breast-feeding behavior, this article considers a number of techniques that have been suggested in the literature, including parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric models as well as the application of standard schedules. Models are tested in both proportional-odds and proportional-hazards frameworks. Although the choice of models does not strongly affect the conclusions that would be drawn, I recommend that a logistic regression in which the baseline log-odds of breast-feeding by child's age are represented by a natural cubic spline should be the preferred methodology. This methodology offers a reasonable compromise between the parsimony of parametric models and the flexibility and good fit of nonparametric models. The same methodology may be well suited to other applications in which there are no theoretical reasons to use a particular parametric form. RP GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 88 IS 423 BP 758 EP 765 DI 10.2307/2290760 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA LT932 UT WOS:A1993LT93200005 PM 12155396 ER PT J AU HANCOCK, D AF HANCOCK, D TI DIAGNOSING CANINE BORRELIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP HANCOCK, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 1 PY 1993 VL 203 IS 5 BP 610 EP 611 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA LU968 UT WOS:A1993LU96800010 PM 8292154 ER PT J AU VACALIS, TD AF VACALIS, TD TI MEDICINE, MEDIA AND MORALITY - PULITZER PRIZEWINNING ARTICLES ON HEALTH-RELATED PROBLEMS - HEINZDIETRICH,F SO JOURNALISM QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV FLORIDA,COLL JOURNALISM & COMMUN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. RP VACALIS, TD (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN EDUC JOURNALISM MASS COMMUNICATION PI COLUMBIA PA UNIV SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF JOURNALISM, COLUMBIA, SC 29208 SN 0196-3031 J9 JOURNALISM QUART PD FAL PY 1993 VL 70 IS 3 BP 716 EP 716 PG 1 WC Communication SC Communication GA MK834 UT WOS:A1993MK83400027 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, GE LAM, L ZAKI, SR CHAN, WC HODGE, T HOU, JW SWAN, D ZHANG, W RACINE, M WHITSETT, C BROWN, T AF AUSTIN, GE LAM, L ZAKI, SR CHAN, WC HODGE, T HOU, JW SWAN, D ZHANG, W RACINE, M WHITSETT, C BROWN, T TI SEQUENCE COMPARISON OF PUTATIVE REGULATORY DNA OF THE 5' FLANKING REGION OF THE MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE IN NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC BONE-MARROW CELLS SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article ID ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION; HL-60 CELLS; EXPRESSION; DEFICIENCY; HEREDITARY AB Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme which is exclusively expressed in immature myeloid cells with downregulation of gene expression occurring during granulocytic maturation. Levels of MPO RNA, protein, and enzyme activity differ, usually in a concordant fashion, among the various classes of acute leukemia and among different cases within a particular class. One portion of the gene thought to be involved in regulation of MPO expression is the proximal 5' flanking region. To determine if mutations in this putatively regulatory region of the MPO gene might be responsible for some of the differences in level of MPO expression among different cases or classes of acute leukemia, we compared the nucleotide sequence of this part of the gene from 16 patients with acute leukemia, with DNA from normal human bone marrow cells and selected other neoplasms and cell lines. The sequence of this regulatory region was found to be identical in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with that of normal DNA except for a dA to dG transition in the Alu region, 463 bases upstream from the transcription start site. This bass substitution was seen in almost all cases of AML studied, regardless of the level of MPO which they expressed. It was absent from normal human DNA obtained from various tissues, and cases of acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, carcinoma of lung, and most cell lines examined. The bass substitution was also absent in a remission blood sample from one of the cases which showed the dA to dG transition in leukemic marrow, suggesting that the base substitution is a mutation rather than a polymorphism. Our results suggest thal mutations in promoter or enhancer DNA are not an important cause of the differences in level of MPO gene expression seen among different cases or different classes of AML. However, the base substitution we have detected could potentially serve as a useful marker for detection of residual disease in patients with AML following treatment. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,OMAHA,NE 68105. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP AUSTIN, GE (reprint author), ATLANTA VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,PATHOL & LAB MED SERV 113,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1445 EP 1450 PG 6 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA MA144 UT WOS:A1993MA14400022 PM 8396697 ER PT J AU VISVESVARA, GS AF VISVESVARA, GS TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIONS WITH FREE-LIVING AMEBAS AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF MICROSPORIDIOSIS SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AIDS; NAEGLERIA; PATIENT; SPORES RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MSF 13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL PI NEW YORK PA BOX 1094 ONE GUSTAVE L LEVY PLACE ATTN: CIRCULATION ASST, NEW YORK, NY 10029-6574 SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 60 IS 4 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LX336 UT WOS:A1993LX33600005 PM 8232371 ER PT J AU DAUGHERTY, JS HUTTON, MD SIMONE, PM AF DAUGHERTY, JS HUTTON, MD SIMONE, PM TI PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE 1990S SO NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; RISK RP DAUGHERTY, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,1600 CLIFTON RD MAILSTOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0029-6465 J9 NURS CLIN N AM JI Nurs. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3 BP 599 EP 611 PG 13 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA LW894 UT WOS:A1993LW89400011 PM 8367327 ER PT J AU PRUCKLER, JM LAWLEY, TJ ADES, EW AF PRUCKLER, JM LAWLEY, TJ ADES, EW TI USE OF A HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE AS A MODEL SYSTEM TO EVALUATE CHOLESTEROL UPTAKE SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; CHOLESTEROL; ATHEROSCLEROSIS ID ATHEROSCLEROSIS; PATHOGENESIS; METABOLISM AB CDC/EU.HMEC-1 (HMEC-1) cells provide a reliable source of human microvascular endothelial cells free of mycoplasma and viral infection. This cell line has potential for use in the further study of the endothelial cell modification of low-density lipoproteins and for anticholesterol drug evaluation assays. HMEC-1 cells will fill a gap that is present for in vitro investigations of cholesterol metabolism in conjunction with previously established hepatic, monocytic, or macrophage cell lines. This paper presents a simple assay that demonstrates a linear uptake of tritiated cholesterol by he HMEC-1 cells and shows that the cellular cholesterol load can be regulated using anticholesterol drugs. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD SEP-DEC PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5-6 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1159/000163806 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA MN877 UT WOS:A1993MN87700005 PM 8297494 ER PT J AU DAWSON, JE CANDAL, FJ GEORGE, VG ADES, EW AF DAWSON, JE CANDAL, FJ GEORGE, VG ADES, EW TI HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DH82 CELLS FOR ISOLATION OF EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS, EHRLICHIA-CANIS, AND RICKETTSIA-RICKETTSII SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN ENDOTHELIUM; EHRLICHIA; RICKETTSIA; HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS; CANINE EHRLICHIOSIS; ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER ID LABORATORY FINDINGS; INFECTION AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis, etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis, and Rickettsia rickettsii, etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), are both tick-borne agents that cause nonspecific symptoms that may be indistinguishable from each other early in the course of infection. E. canis is a canine pathogen closely related to E. chaffeensis and was initially suspected of being the causative agent of human ehrlichiosis. If a febrile illness is reported, after tick exposure, neither ehrlichiosis nor RMSF can be immediately ruled out. When attempts are made to isolate the agent from blood, a very limited amount of blood is often available; we, therefore, sought a tissue-culture cell line that would support the growth of both R. rickettsii and E. chaffeensis. A newly established human microvascular endothelial immortal cell line (CDC/EU.HMEC-1) was evaluated for supporting the growth of both agents. Our results demonstrate that HMEC-1 supports the growth of R. rickettsii, E. chaffeensis, and E: canis and may be a useful tool for the isolation of these agents. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SRP,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD SEP-DEC PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5-6 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1159/000163808 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA MN877 UT WOS:A1993MN87700007 PM 8297496 ER PT J AU KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, CM BLUMER, JL GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, GS BENNETT, DR CORDERO, JF KAUFMAN, P LICATA, SA TOMICH, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ TEMPLE, AR REIGART, JR ETZEL, RA GOLDMAN, LR HENDRICK, JG MOFENSON, HD SIMON, PR FALK, H MILLER, RW ROGAN, W JACKSON, RJ AF KAUFFMAN, RE BANNER, W BERLIN, CM BLUMER, JL GORMAN, RL LAMBERT, GH WILSON, GS BENNETT, DR CORDERO, JF KAUFMAN, P LICATA, SA TOMICH, P TROENDLE, G YAFFE, SJ COTE, CJ TEMPLE, AR REIGART, JR ETZEL, RA GOLDMAN, LR HENDRICK, JG MOFENSON, HD SIMON, PR FALK, H MILLER, RW ROGAN, W JACKSON, RJ TI USE OF CHLORAL HYDRATE FOR SEDATION IN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID STRAND BREAKS; LIVER INVIVO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; MOUSE; ANEUPLOIDY; INDUCTION; COHORT; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; CANCER C1 AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 35 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 92 IS 3 BP 471 EP 473 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LV815 UT WOS:A1993LV81500028 ER PT J AU MERENSTEIN, GB CASSADY, G ESCOBEDO, M FANAROFF, AA FELDMAN, BH FERNBACH, SA KIRKPATRICK, BV KLEINMAN, LI LIGHT, IJ ALLEN, A DOOLEY, SL KENNER, C ROWLEY, D WRIGHT, LL KRUMMEL, TM OH, W AF MERENSTEIN, GB CASSADY, G ESCOBEDO, M FANAROFF, AA FELDMAN, BH FERNBACH, SA KIRKPATRICK, BV KLEINMAN, LI LIGHT, IJ ALLEN, A DOOLEY, SL KENNER, C ROWLEY, D WRIGHT, LL KRUMMEL, TM OH, W TI ROUTINE EVALUATION OF BLOOD-PRESSURE, HEMATOCRIT, AND GLUCOSE IN NEWBORNS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYPOGLYCEMIA; DEFINITION; INFANTS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 11 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 92 IS 3 BP 474 EP 476 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LV815 UT WOS:A1993LV81500029 ER PT J AU HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G DAUM, RS LEDBETTER, EO AF HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G DAUM, RS LEDBETTER, EO TI HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B CONJUGATE VACCINES - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMMUNIZATION WITH RECENTLY AND PREVIOUSLY LICENSED VACCINES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFANT RHESUS-MONKEYS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; POLYSACCHARIDE; DISEASE; INFECTION; TRIAL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RI Steele, Russell/A-6075-2011 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 92 IS 3 BP 480 EP 488 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LV815 UT WOS:A1993LV81500031 ER PT J AU SEASHORE, MR CHO, SC DESPOSITO, F HALL, JG SHERMAN, J WILSON, MG HANSON, JW MENNUTI, M OAKLEY, G PLETCHER, B AF SEASHORE, MR CHO, SC DESPOSITO, F HALL, JG SHERMAN, J WILSON, MG HANSON, JW MENNUTI, M OAKLEY, G PLETCHER, B TI FOLIC-ACID FOR THE PREVENTION OF NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 92 IS 3 BP 493 EP 494 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LV815 UT WOS:A1993LV81500033 ER PT J AU HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G AF HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G TI USE OF RIBAVIRIN IN THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN; INFANTS; AEROSOL C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Steele, Russell/A-6075-2011 NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1993 VL 92 IS 3 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LV815 UT WOS:A1993LV81500037 ER PT J AU KOZAK, LJ MCCARTHY, E MOIEN, M AF KOZAK, LJ MCCARTHY, E MOIEN, M TI PATTERNS OF HOSPITAL USE BY PATIENTS WITH DIAGNOSIS RELATED TO HIV-INFECTION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS; CARE AB The authors analyzed the use of hospitals by patients with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. In the period 1984-90, the rates of both discharges and days of care for HIV-infected patients rose dramatically. For 1988-90, black males had the highest HIV-related discharge rate, followed by white males and black females, whose rates were similar. The discharge rate for patients with HIV-related diagnoses increased more in the Northeast than in the three other regions of the country. By 1990 the rate for the Northeast was nearly triple the rate for other major regions. More than half of female and black patients with HIV-related diagnoses were hospitalized in the Northeast. Private insurance was the principal expected source of payment for the care of half of the HIV-infected patients discharged in 1985, but for only a third in 1990. Medicaid covered 40 percent of the patients with HIV-related diagnoses discharged in 1990. Larger proportions of female than male patients and of black patients than white patients were covered by Medicaid. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was the diagnosis coded for most patients with an HIV-related diagnosis, but in larger proportions for patients who were male or white patients. Nonspecific HIV diagnoses were coded for larger proportions of female and black patients. HIV-infected patients had an average of 3.6 diagnoses in addition to their HIV diagnosis. Nearly a fourth of the additional diagnoses were for other infectious diseases, such as pneumocystosis or candidiasis. Anemia, pneumonia, and drug use and dependence also were frequent diagnoses. C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH CARE STAT,MORBID CLASSIFICAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HOSP CARE STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP KOZAK, LJ (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 956,MS P08,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 108 IS 5 BP 571 EP 581 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MB699 UT WOS:A1993MB69900008 PM 8416116 ER PT J AU KESNER, JS SCHRADER, SM WOODS, SL SCHRADER, BJ AF KESNER, JS SCHRADER, SM WOODS, SL SCHRADER, BJ TI PREFACE - TO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE - MEDICAL, SOCIAL, AND LEGAL-ASPECTS OF THE PROTECTION OF MOTHERS AND CHILDREN - CONVENED OCTOBER 28-30, 1992 YEKATERINBURG, RUSSIA SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,CTR AIDS TREATMENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. RP KESNER, JS (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MS-C23,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 485 EP 527 DI 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90095-O PG 43 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA MC739 UT WOS:A1993MC73900011 ER PT J AU MAHY, BWJ AF MAHY, BWJ TI THE WHO RECOMMENDATION TO DESTROY ALL SMALLPOX STOCKS SHOULD BE ENACTED WITHOUT DELAY SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article RP MAHY, BWJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1002/rmv.1980030302 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA MB077 UT WOS:A1993MB07700001 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF AF KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; STATES BLOOD-DONORS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; HTLV-I; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; LYMPHOMA VIRUS RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 131 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 3 IS 3 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1002/rmv.1980030304 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA MB077 UT WOS:A1993MB07700003 ER PT J AU ELO, IT GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM AF ELO, IT GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM TI CHANGES IN BREAST-FEEDING INITIATION AND DURATION IN PERU, 1977-1986 SO SOCIAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEAL DISEASES; INFANT-MORTALITY; CHILD-MORTALITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BREAST; DIFFERENTIALS; INTERVENTIONS; PHILIPPINES; THAILAND; PATTERNS AB Both breastfeeding initiation and duration increased in Peru during 1977-86. Although one would have expected that the average incidence and duration of breastfeeding would have declined as a result of changes in population characteristics, the potential for an overall decline was more than overcome by changes in behavior. A net increase in initiation and duration is shown for all subgroups of interest. The largest absolute increases are documented for children who, in 1977, were the least likely to be breastfed and who were breastfed for the shortest durations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ELO, IT (reprint author), UNIV PENN,CTR POPULAT STUDIES,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY SOCIAL BIOLOGY PI PORT ANGELES PA P O BOX 2349, PORT ANGELES, WA 98362 SN 0037-766X J9 SOC BIOL JI Soc. Biol. PD FAL-WIN PY 1993 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 224 EP 243 PG 20 WC Demography; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Sociology SC Demography; Biomedical Social Sciences; Sociology GA NA991 UT WOS:A1993NA99100006 PM 8178191 ER PT J AU WARREN, JL PENBERTHY, LT ADDISS, DG MCBEAN, AM AF WARREN, JL PENBERTHY, LT ADDISS, DG MCBEAN, AM TI APPENDECTOMY INCIDENTAL TO CHOLECYSTECTOMY AMONG ELDERLY MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES SO SURGERY GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS LA English DT Article ID APPENDICITIS; INFECTION AB To assess the risks of adverse outcomes after appendectomy incidental to cholecystectomy among elderly Medicare beneficiaries, 8,936 persons undergoing cholecystectomy with incidental appendectomy and 44,461 persons undergoing cholecystectomy without incidental appendectomy were studied. Controlling for age, race, gender and co-morbidity status, the risk for wound infection in persons with incidental appendectomy was 83 percent higher than in persons without incidental appendectomy (95 percent confidence interval, 1.53 to 2.18). The risks for having other adverse outcomes, including other infections, extensive intrahospital complications and mortality rate at 30 days, were also higher for the former group, although these differences Were not statistically significant. In addition, the demographic characteristics and health status of persons undergoing cholecystectomy with incidental appendectomy with persons undergoing cholecystectomy only were compared. Males, persons of younger ages, of white race or with no co-morbid conditiOns, were significantly more likely to undergo cholecystectomy with incidental appendectomy. Variables to control for differences in the demographic characteristics and health status between persons receiving and not receiving incidental appendectomy were included in the regression models for adverse outcomes. However, these models may not completely control for differences between the two groups. As a result, the actual relationship between incidental appendectomy and adverse outcomes may be underestimated. The preventive effect of incidental appendectomy on morbidity and mortality rates from future instances of appendicitis was assessed by determining the remaining lifetime risk for acute appendicitis. For persons 65 to 69 years of age, 115 incidental appendectomies would be required to prevent one future instance of appendicitis and 4,472 incidental appendectomies would be needed to prevent a single future death from acute appendicitis. Because incidental appendectomy increases the risk for wound infection among persons undergoing cholecystectomy and because the lifetime risk for acute appendicitis is relatively low for persons of this age group, surgeons should carefully consider die risks and benefits of incidental appendectomy in the elderly. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WARREN, JL (reprint author), US HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,OFF RES,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BALTIMORE,MD, USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU FRANKLIN H MARTIN FOUNDATION PI CHICAGO PA 55 E ERIE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0039-6087 J9 SURG GYNECOL OBSTET JI Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 177 IS 3 BP 288 EP 294 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Surgery SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Surgery GA LW406 UT WOS:A1993LW40600014 PM 8356501 ER PT J AU APOSTOL, BL BLACK, WC MILLER, BR REITER, P BEATY, BJ AF APOSTOL, BL BLACK, WC MILLER, BR REITER, P BEATY, BJ TI ESTIMATION OF THE NUMBER OF FULL SIBLING FAMILIES AT AN OVIPOSITION SITE USING RAPD-PCR MARKERS - APPLICATIONS TO THE MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE RAPD-PCR; DNA FINGERPRINTING; SIBLING ANALYSIS; OVIPOSITION; AEDES-AEGYPTI ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB There are many species in which groups of individuals encountered in the field are known to consist of mixtures of full-sibling families. We describe a statistical technique, based on the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) markers, that allows for the estimation of the number of families contained in these groups. We test the technique on full-sibling families of the mosquito Aedes aegypti, a species that distributes its eggs among several locations. Mixtures of 10 families with 15 individuals per family were analyzed using 40 RAPD-PCR loci amplified by 5 primers. Our analysis accurately estimated the number of families. The technique was accurate when the number of families was small or when family sizes were small and variable. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,MED ENTOMOL & ECOL BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921. RP BLACK, WC (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,ARTHROPOD BORNE & INFECT DIS LAB,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 25 TC 107 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 86 IS 8 BP 991 EP 1000 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA MA723 UT WOS:A1993MA72300015 PM 24194008 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, YB COULBERSON, SL PHELPS, J AF ANDERSON, YB COULBERSON, SL PHELPS, J TI OVERVIEW OF THE EPA NIEHS/ATSDR WORKSHOP - EQUITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH - RESEARCH ISSUES AND NEEDS SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE; WORKSHOP OVERVIEW C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP ANDERSON, YB (reprint author), US EPA,HLTH EFFECTS RES LAB,MD-5,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 679 EP 683 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400002 PM 8184440 ER PT J AU SEXTON, K OLDEN, K JOHNSON, BL AF SEXTON, K OLDEN, K JOHNSON, BL TI ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE - THE CENTRAL ROLE OF RESEARCH IN ESTABLISHING A CREDIBLE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION FOR INFORMED DECISION-MAKING SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH; ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS; ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ID CANCER INCIDENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; BLACKS AB Although much of the evidence is anecdotal and circumstantial, there are mounting concerns that environmental health risks are borne disproportionately by members of the population who are poor and nonwhite. We examine the central role of environmental health research in defining the dimensions of the problem, understanding its causes, and identifying solutions. Environmental health sciences, including epidemiology, exposure analysis, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and surveillance monitoring, must be employed to determine the extent to which society has achieved ''equity'' and ''justice'' in safeguarding the health and safety of its citizens. By improving our ability to identify, evaluate, prevent, and/or reduce risks for all members of society, environmental health research can contribute directly to fair and equitable protection for everyone, regardless of age, ethnicity, gender, race, or socioeconomic status. C1 NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA. RP SEXTON, K (reprint author), US EPA,OFF HLTH RES,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 97 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 8 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 685 EP 727 PG 43 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400003 PM 8184441 ER PT J AU MONTGOMERY, LE CARTERPOKRAS, O AF MONTGOMERY, LE CARTERPOKRAS, O TI HEALTH-STATUS BY SOCIAL-CLASS AND OR MINORITY STATUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY RESEARCH SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; ETHNICITY; MINORITY; POVERTY; RACE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ID BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; LIMITING CHRONIC CONDITIONS; MEXICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RENAL-DISEASE; INFANT-MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY AB Much of the epidemiologic research in the United States has been based only on the categories of age, sex and race; thus, race has often been used in health statistics as a surrogate for social and economic disadvantage. Few multivariate analyses distinguish effects of components of social class (such as economic level)from the relative, joint, and independent effects of sociocultural identifiers such as race or ethnicity. This paper reviews studies of social class and minority status differentials in health, with a particular emphasis on health status outcomes which are known or suspected to be related to environmental quality and conditions which increase susceptibility to environmental pollutants. Sociodemographic data are presented for the U.S. population, including blacks, Asian American/Pacific Islanders, American Indian/Alaska Natives, and Hispanics. Four areas of health status data are addressed: mortality, health of women of reproductive age, infant and child health, and adult morbidity. Conceptual and methodological issues surrounding various measures of position in the system of social strata are discussed, including the multidimensionality of social class, in the context of the importance of these issues to public health research. Whenever possible, multivariate studies that consider the role of socioeconomic status in explaining racial/ethnic disparities are discussed. C1 OFF MINOR HLTH,OFF ASSISTANT SECRETARY HLTH,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP MONTGOMERY, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 790,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Carter-Pokras, Olivia/B-1652-2012 OI Carter-Pokras, Olivia/0000-0002-6310-6932 NR 158 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 729 EP 773 PG 45 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400004 PM 8184442 ER PT J AU WAGENER, DK WILLIAMS, DR WILSON, PM AF WAGENER, DK WILLIAMS, DR WILSON, PM TI EQUITY IN ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH - DATA-COLLECTION AND INTERPRETATION ISSUES SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENT; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; RACE ID SOCIAL-CLASS; RACE; DISCRIMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE AB In order to assess the issue of inequity in exposure to environmental hazards, researchers must identify subgroups whose exposure is disproportionately greater than the average exposure experienced by the remainder of the population. The general population is a complex mixture of subgroups, each consisting of individuals who experience a wide range of exposures and whose ability to cope with the consequences of those exposures is equally varied. Therefore, large efforts are needed to collect data that will enable researchers to determine comprehensively which subgroups are highly exposed and which subgroups have disproportionately greater health effects as a result of exposures to environmental hazards. The interpretation of findings is more of an art than a science, especially when two population subgroups are being contrasted Addressing environmental equity requires explicit comparisons between groups, and racial and ethnic contrasts will be prominent. It is often difficult to identify the underlying mechanisms that produce particular patterns of results. However, researchers and policy makers must understand the dynamics that may have produced a particular pattern of results so they can separate those factors that are amenable to change from those that are not. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,INST SOCIAL RES,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP WAGENER, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ENVIRONM STUDIES BRANCH,6515 BELCREST RD,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 775 EP 795 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400005 PM 8184443 ER PT J AU SOLIMAN, MRI DEROSA, CT MIELKE, HW BOTA, K AF SOLIMAN, MRI DEROSA, CT MIELKE, HW BOTA, K TI HAZARDOUS WASTES, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH INEQUITY SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; HAZARDOUS MATERIALS; HAZARDOUS WASTES ID CANCER MORTALITY; LEAD-EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; BLACK; SITES; CONTAMINATION; PENNSYLVANIA; COMMUNITY; POLLUTION; TENNESSEE AB This paper reviews issues associated with the equity of locating hazardous waste sites and hazardous materials. Reports and case studies indicate that hazardous waste sites and the locations of hazardous materials are disproportionately situated near minority communities, especially African-American communities. This inequitable placement of hazardous waste sites is of concern, since exposure to toxic waste can adversely affect human health. Proximity to these sites may place these minority communities at higher risk of developing cancers and respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, and of incurring increased levels of individual and family stress. The health of persons in minority communities near hazardous waste sites is further compromised by their lack of access to adequate health care. The potential health risks borne by racial and ethnic minorities and by low income communities as a consequence of exposure to toxic waste constitutes environmental inequity. In order to decrease the burden of these risks, we recommend developing environmental policies that address environmental inequity; conducting detailed demographic and health studies that assess the impact of exposure to toxic waste on minority populations; and devising educational programs to sensitize professional service providers and prevent exposure by community residents. This paper identifies research needs and opportunities. C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV TOXICOL,1600 CLIFTON RD NE E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA A&M UNIV,COLL PHARM & PHARMACEUT SCI,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307. XAVIER UNIV,XAVIER INST BIOENVIRONM,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70125. CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,ATLANTA,GA. NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 901 EP 912 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400010 PM 8184448 ER PT J AU MOSES, M JOHNSON, ES ANGER, WK BURSE, VW HORSTMAN, SW JACKSON, RJ LEWIS, RG MADDY, KT MCCONNELL, R MEGGS, WJ ZAHM, SH AF MOSES, M JOHNSON, ES ANGER, WK BURSE, VW HORSTMAN, SW JACKSON, RJ LEWIS, RG MADDY, KT MCCONNELL, R MEGGS, WJ ZAHM, SH TI ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURE SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE AGRICULTURE; CANCER; NEUROLOGICAL; PESTICIDES; RACE; REPRODUCTIVE ID NON-HODGKINS LYMPHOMA; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL RESIDUES; NEURO-BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA; AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; METHYL-BROMIDE; TESTICULAR CANCER; BIRTH-DEFECTS AB Although people of color and low-income groups bear a disproportionate share of the health risks from exposure to pesticides, research attention has been meager, and data on acute and chronic health effects related to their toxic exposures are generally lacking. Increased resources are needed both to study this issue and to mitigate problems already identified. People of color should be a major research focus, with priority on long-term effects, particularly cancer, neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects, long-term neurological dysfunction, and reproductive outcome. Suitable populations at high risk that have not been studied include noncertified pesticide applicators and seasonal and migrant farm workers, including children. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV KENTUCKY,ALBERT B CHANDLER MED CTR,SCH MED,LEXINGTON,KY 40536. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LAB,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. CALIF DEPT PESTICIDE REGULAT,SACRAMENTO,CA. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. E CAROLINA UNIV,SCH MED,DIV CLIN TOXICOL,GREENVILLE,NC 27834. NCI,ROCKVILLE,MD. RP MOSES, M (reprint author), MIGRANT FARMWORKER HLTH STUDY,POB 420870,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94142, USA. RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 233 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 15 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1993 VL 9 IS 5 BP 913 EP 959 PG 47 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MW434 UT WOS:A1993MW43400011 PM 8184449 ER PT J AU TIRMENSTEIN, MA AF TIRMENSTEIN, MA TI COMPARATIVE METABOLISM OF BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL) ETHER BY RAT AND HUMAN HEPATIC MICROSOMES - FORMATION OF 2-METHOXYETHANOL SO TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO LA English DT Article ID ETHANOL-INDUCIBLE CYTOCHROME-P-450; ADULT MALE-RAT; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; LIVER; INDUCTION; ASSAY; MICE; CYTOCHROME(S)-P-450; CYTOCHROMES-P-450; PURIFICATION AB Rat hepatic microsomes catalysed the NADPH-dependent cleavage of the central ether linkage of bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether (diglyme) yielding 2-methoxyethanol (2ME). Microsomes isolated from phenobarbital- or ethanol-pretreated rats exhibited an increased capacity to cleave diglyme to 2ME. This ethanol-induced increase in 2ME formation was not observed if incubations contained the cytochrome P450IIE1 inhibitor isoniazid. Pretreatment of rats with diglyme significantly increased microsomal P-450 levels, P-450-associated enzyme activities and the conversion of diglyme to 2ME. Following the diglyme pretreatment, an almost 30-fold increase in pentoxyresorufin dealkylase activity (P450IIB1/2) was evident in rat hepatic microsomes. Human hepatic microsomes also catalysed the NADPH-dependent cleavage of diglyme to 2ME. The formation of 2ME from diglyme correlated with the aniline hydroxylase activity (P450IIE1) levels measured in human hepatic microsomes. Studies using microsomes isolated from a cell line transfected with specific human P-450 cDNAs indicate that human CYP2E1 catalyses the conversion of diglyme to 2ME. These results suggest that the central ether linkage of diglyme is cleaved by rat and human P-450 and the specific involvement of hepatic P450IIE1 in this process is implicated. RP TIRMENSTEIN, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-2333 J9 TOXICOL IN VITRO JI Toxicol. Vitro PD SEP PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 645 EP 652 DI 10.1016/0887-2333(93)90099-Q PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA MK282 UT WOS:A1993MK28200011 PM 20732262 ER PT J AU WAYNE, C CORNELL, M ODONNELL, R CALDWEL, B LUBAN, NLC AF WAYNE, C CORNELL, M ODONNELL, R CALDWEL, B LUBAN, NLC TI SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV IN A TRANSFUSED PEDIATRIC CARDIAC COHORT IN A HIGH PREVALENCE AREA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 1993 VL 33 IS 9 SU S BP S13 EP S13 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA LZ447 UT WOS:A1993LZ44700047 ER PT J AU SANCHEZ, A KILEY, MP HOLLOWAY, BP AUPERIN, DD AF SANCHEZ, A KILEY, MP HOLLOWAY, BP AUPERIN, DD TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF THE EBOLA VIRUS GENOME - ORGANIZATION, GENETIC ELEMENTS, AND COMPARISON WITH THE GENOME OF MARBURG VIRUS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE EBOLA VIRUS; FILOVIRUS; GENE; GLYCOPROTEIN; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; ENVELOPE PROTEINS; PEPTIDE; GLYCOPROTEIN; MONKEYS; PARAMYXOVIRUSES AB Sequence analysis of the second through the sixth genes of the Ebola virus (EBO) genome indicates that it is organized similarly to rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses and is virtually the same as Marburg virus (MBG). In vitro translation experiments and predicted amino acid sequence comparisons showed that the order of the EBO genes is: 3'-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L. The transcriptional start and stop (polyadenylation) signals are conserved and all contain the sequence 3'-UAAUU. Three base intergenic sequences are present between the NP and VP35 genes (3'-GAU) and VP40 and GP genes (3'-AGC), and a large intergenic sequence of 142 bases separates the VP30 and VP24 genes. Novel gene overlaps were found between the VP35 and VP40, the GP and VP30, and the VP24 and L genes. Overlaps are 20 or 18 bases in length and are limited to the conserved sequences determined for the transcriptional signals. Stem-and-loop structures were identified in the putative (+) leader RNA and at the 5' end of each mRNA. Hybridization studies showed that a small second mRNA is transcribed from the glycoprotein gene, and is produced by termination of transcription at an atypical polyadenylation signal located in the middle of the coding region. The predicted amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein contains an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, a hydrophobic anchor sequence, and 17 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Alignment of predicted amino acid sequences showed that the structural proteins of EBO and MBG contain large regions of homology despite the absence of serologic cross-reactivity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL GR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCE PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SANCHEZ, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,BLDG 15,ROOM 5B611,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 58 TC 200 Z9 219 U1 8 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 1993 VL 29 IS 3 BP 215 EP 240 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90063-S PG 26 WC Virology SC Virology GA LX064 UT WOS:A1993LX06400001 PM 8237108 ER PT J AU MIMMS, LT SOLOMON, LR EBERT, JW FIELDS, H AF MIMMS, LT SOLOMON, LR EBERT, JW FIELDS, H TI UNIQUE PRES SEQUENCE IN A GIBBON-DERIVED HEPATITIS-B VIRUS VARIANT SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SUBTYPE ADR; DNA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MIMMS, LT (reprint author), ABBOTT LABS,EXPTL BIOL,N CHICAGO,IL 60064, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 31 PY 1993 VL 195 IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2028 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LU459 UT WOS:A1993LU45900029 PM 8363598 ER PT J AU LIN, JC AF LIN, JC TI THE EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS DNA-POLYMERASE TRANSACTIVATES THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 5' LONG TERMINAL REPEAT SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; HIV-INFECTION; REPLICATION; GENE; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; ACTIVATION; REGION RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 31 PY 1993 VL 195 IS 1 BP 242 EP 249 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2036 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA LU459 UT WOS:A1993LU45900037 PM 8395825 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, SD BYERS, RH AF HOLMBERG, SD BYERS, RH TI DOES ZIDOVUDINE DELAY DEVELOPMENT OF AIDS - ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM OBSERVATIONAL COHORTS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION; PROGRESSION RP HOLMBERG, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 28 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8870 BP 558 EP 559 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91688-I PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LU582 UT WOS:A1993LU58200054 PM 8102698 ER PT J AU WARD, C CALLISTER, TB HAYES, H OKSENHOLT, LM NELSON, D DISALVO, AF KWALICK, D BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W SANDS, L SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE BOHAN, P AF WARD, C CALLISTER, TB HAYES, H OKSENHOLT, LM NELSON, D DISALVO, AF KWALICK, D BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W SANDS, L SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE BOHAN, P TI UPDATE - HANTAVIRUS DISEASE - SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 570-572, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 STATE HLTH LAB SERV,RENO,NV 89503. NEVADA STATE DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV HLTH,CARSON CITY,NV 89710. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80220. NAVAJO NATION,DIV HLTH,WINDOW ROCK,AZ 86515. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,INDIAN HLTH SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP WARD, C (reprint author), NYE REG MED CTR,TONOPAH,NV 89049, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 25 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 8 BP 934 EP 934 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LT567 UT WOS:A1993LT56700009 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG CASPERSEN, CJ AF ESCOBEDO, LG CASPERSEN, CJ TI ADOLESCENT TOBACCO USE AND PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 25 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 8 BP 938 EP 939 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LT567 UT WOS:A1993LT56700015 ER PT J AU SALAZAR, CE MILLSHAMM, D KUMAR, V COLLINS, FH AF SALAZAR, CE MILLSHAMM, D KUMAR, V COLLINS, FH TI SEQUENCE OF A CDNA FROM THE MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE ENCODING A HOMOLOG OF HUMAN RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN-S7 SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CELLULAR & DEV BIOL,BIOL SCI LAB,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. EMORY UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 4 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD AUG 25 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 17 BP 4147 EP 4147 DI 10.1093/nar/21.17.4147 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LV915 UT WOS:A1993LV91500032 PM 8371989 ER PT J AU MANNINO, DM ETZEL, RA FLANDERS, WD AF MANNINO, DM ETZEL, RA FLANDERS, WD TI DO THE MEDICAL HISTORY AND PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION PREDICT LOW LUNG-FUNCTION SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BREATH SOUNDS; SMOKING; SPIROMETRY; ADVICE; HEALTH AB Background: We sought to determine whether an abnormal respiratory history or chest physical examination could be used to identify men with low lung function. Methods: We analyzed pulmonary function, physical examination, and questionnaire data from 4461 middle-aged male Vietnam-era army veterans. Main Results: The study sample consisted of 1161 never smokers, 1292 former smokers, and 2008 current smokers. Clinical indicators of respiratory disease (respiratory symptoms, respiratory signs, or a history of respiratory disease), were present in 26.1% of the never smokers, 31.7% of the former smokers, and 47.2% of the current smokers. We defined low forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a value less than 81.2% of the predicted value. Seven percent of the never smokers, 8% of the former smokers, and 17.3% of the current smokers demonstrated low forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Among those with a clinical indicator for spirometry only 11% of the never smokers, 13% of the former smokers, and 21% of the current smokers actually had a low forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Among those without a clinical indicator 6% of the never smokers, 6% of the former smokers, and 14% of the current smokers actually had a low forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Conclusions: The use of clinical indicators as a basis for obtaining pulmonary function tests middle-aged men many with low lung function, especially current smokers. RP MANNINO, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP F-39,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 23 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 16 BP 1892 EP 1897 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.16.1892 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA MD105 UT WOS:A1993MD10500004 PM 8250649 ER PT J AU TSAI, SC SUSTEN, AS ABADIN, HG WHEELER, JS HANESS, SJ AF TSAI, SC SUSTEN, AS ABADIN, HG WHEELER, JS HANESS, SJ TI PUBLIC-HEALTH ASSESSMENT ON LEAD IN HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES - ATSDRS APPROACHES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 12 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32100889 ER PT J AU BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM MOOLENARR, RL HEFFLIN, BJ ETZEL, RA WOOTEN, JV AF BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM MOOLENARR, RL HEFFLIN, BJ ETZEL, RA WOOTEN, JV TI MEASUREMENT OF METHYL TERT-BUTYL ETHER AND BUTYL ALCOHOLS IN WHOLE HUMAN BLOOD BY PURGE-AND-TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 22 PY 1993 VL 206 BP 35 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA LP321 UT WOS:A1993LP32101403 ER PT J AU FLATTERY, J GAMBATESE, R SCHLAG, R GOLDMAN, L BARTZEN, M REYES, J MARTINEZ, A DERRY, M FULLER, C MOORE, L CHASE, P GIBOYEAUX, C LAMPKIN, S ADAMS, K MEYERS, H PETERSON, K RAO, R BARBER, T RAMSHAW, V BERKSHIRE, C GOUGH, D BENNETT, G LYNES, E FLORES, L SHIPP, M YOUNG, S EHNERT, K VOLWILER, S WILCOX, A FIRESTONE, S PAPENHAUSEN, D MACMANUS, M SANDEL, C AF FLATTERY, J GAMBATESE, R SCHLAG, R GOLDMAN, L BARTZEN, M REYES, J MARTINEZ, A DERRY, M FULLER, C MOORE, L CHASE, P GIBOYEAUX, C LAMPKIN, S ADAMS, K MEYERS, H PETERSON, K RAO, R BARBER, T RAMSHAW, V BERKSHIRE, C GOUGH, D BENNETT, G LYNES, E FLORES, L SHIPP, M YOUNG, S EHNERT, K VOLWILER, S WILCOX, A FIRESTONE, S PAPENHAUSEN, D MACMANUS, M SANDEL, C TI LEAD-POISONING ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF TRADITIONAL ETHNIC REMEDIES - CALIFORNIA, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, 521-524, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO CTY HLTH DEPT,SAN DIEGO,CA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. SANTA CLARA CTY HLTH DEPT,SAN JOSE,CA. OAKLAND CHILDRENS MED CTR,OAKLAND,CA. ALAMEDA CTY HLTH DEPT,OAKLAND,CA. ORANGE CTY HLTH DEPT,SANTA ANA,CA. GLENN CTY HLTH DEPT,WILLOWS,CA. LOMA LINDA UNIV,MED CTR,LOMA LINDA,CA 92350. SISKIYOU CTY HLTH DEPT,YREKA,CA. BUTTE CTY HLTH DEPT,OROVILLE,CA. KERN CTY HLTH DEPT,BAKERSFIELD,CA. KINGS CTY HLTH DEPT,HANFORD,CA. MENDOCINO CTY HLTH DEPT,UKIAH,CA. MONTEREY CTY HLTH DEPT,SALINAN,CA. SONOMA CTY HLTH DEPT,SANTA ROSA,CA. TULARE CTY HLTH DEPT,TULARE,CA. CITY LONG BEACH HLTH DEPT,LONG BEACH,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FLATTERY, J (reprint author), DEPT HLTH SERV,714 P ST,SUITE 1253,SACRAMENTO,CA 95814, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 7 BP 808 EP 808 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LR612 UT WOS:A1993LR61200007 ER PT J AU HALPERN, M MEYERS, B MILLER, C BODENHEIMER, H THUNG, SN ADLER, J TOTH, D COHEN, D BOCCARDO, L DIFERDINANDO, G BIRKHEAD, G AF HALPERN, M MEYERS, B MILLER, C BODENHEIMER, H THUNG, SN ADLER, J TOTH, D COHEN, D BOCCARDO, L DIFERDINANDO, G BIRKHEAD, G TI SEVERE ISONIAZID-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS - NEW-YORK, 1991-1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, 545-547, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NYU MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. BELLEVUE HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HALPERN, M (reprint author), MT SINAI MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 7 BP 809 EP 809 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LR612 UT WOS:A1993LR61200008 ER PT J AU MERCHANDANI, H HAMELI, AZ PRESSLER, R TOBIN, JG MELTON, V AF MERCHANDANI, H HAMELI, AZ PRESSLER, R TOBIN, JG MELTON, V TI HEAT-RELATED DEATHS - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, 558-560, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,SURVEILLANCE & PROGRAMS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MERCHANDANI, H (reprint author), OFF PHILADELPHIA CTY MED EXAMINER,PHILADELPHIA,PA, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 18 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 7 BP 810 EP 810 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LR612 UT WOS:A1993LR61200009 ER PT J AU QUICK, RE HERWALDT, BL THOMFORD, JW GARNETT, ME EBERHARD, ML WILSON, M SPACH, DH DICKERSON, JW TELFORD, SR STEINGART, KR POLLOCK, R PERSING, DH KOBAYASHI, JM JURANEK, DD CONRAD, PA AF QUICK, RE HERWALDT, BL THOMFORD, JW GARNETT, ME EBERHARD, ML WILSON, M SPACH, DH DICKERSON, JW TELFORD, SR STEINGART, KR POLLOCK, R PERSING, DH KOBAYASHI, JM JURANEK, DD CONRAD, PA TI BABESIOSIS IN WASHINGTON-STATE - A NEW SPECIES OF BABESIA SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BABESIOSIS; WASHINGTON; TICK-BORNE DISEASES; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY; TECHNIQUE; ZOONOSES ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; MICROTI INFECTION; ANTIBODY; SURFACE; BLOOD; IDENTIFICATION; MEROZOITES; WISCONSIN; DISEASE; RODENTS AB Objective; To,characterize the etiologic agent (WA1) of the first reported case of babesiosis acquired in Washington State. Design: Case report, and serologic, molecular, and epizootiologic studies. Setting: South-central Washington State. Patient: A 41-year-old immunocompetent man with an intact spleen who developed a moderately severe case of babesiosis. Measurements: Serum specimens from the patient were assayed by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) testing for reactivity with seven Babesia species and with WA1, which was propagated in hamsters inoculated with his blood. A Babesia-specific, ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) probe was hybridized to Southern blots of restriction-endonuclease-digested preparations of DNA from WA1, Babesia microti, and Babesia gibsoni. Serum specimens from 83 family members and neighbors were assayed for IFA reactivity with WA1 and B. microti. Small mammals and ticks were examined for Babesia infection. Results: The patient's serum had very strong IFA reactivity with WA1, strong reactivity with B. gibsoni (which infects dogs), but only weak reactivity with B. microti. DNA hybridization patterns with the rDNA probe clearly differentiated WA1 from B. gibsoni and B. microti. Four of the patient's neighbors had IFA titers to WA1 of 256. The tick vector and animal reservoir of WA1 have not yet been identified, despite trapping 83 mammals and collecting 235 ticks. Conclusions: WA1 is morphologically indistinguishable but antigenically and genotypically distinct from B. microti. Some patients elsewhere who were assumed to have been infected with B. microti may have been infected with WA1. Improved serodiagnostic and molecular techniques are needed for characterizing Babesia species and elucidating the epidemiology of babesiosis, an emergent zoonosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,4700 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. FAMILY PRACTICE CLIN,GOLDENDALE,WA. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. SW WASHINGTON HLTH DIST,VANCOUVER,WA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. DEPT HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. FU PHS HHS [R01-30548, R01-32403, R01-41497] NR 45 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 4 BP 284 EP 290 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LV525 UT WOS:A1993LV52500006 PM 8328736 ER PT J AU FARMER, RG GOODMAN, RA BALDWIN, RJ AF FARMER, RG GOODMAN, RA BALDWIN, RJ TI HEALTH-CARE AND PUBLIC-HEALTH IN THE FORMER SOVIET-UNION, 1992 - UKRAINE - A CASE-STUDY SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHERNOBYL; TRANSITION AB The dissolution of the Soviet Union created many problems for the health care systems of the New Independent States (NIS). To address these problems, the U.S. Secretary of State convened a coordinating conference in Washington, D.C., on 22-23 January 1992 at which more than 50 nations and organizations were represented. After this conference, an expert medical working group visited 10 republics of the NIS during February and March 1992. Hospitals, public health facilities, and pharmaceutical plants and distribution sites were visited to assess the health care needs of a large population in a vast geographic area. It was concluded that the massive health care system of the Soviet Union remains largely intact but has major economic and supply deficiencies. The assessment process and findings in one republic, Ukraine, are presented. Ukraine was chosen because of its size, location, and representativeness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FARMER, RG (reprint author), US AGCY INT DEV,BUR EUROPE,ROOM 4720-NS,WASHINGTON,DC 20523, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 4 BP 324 EP 328 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LV525 UT WOS:A1993LV52500012 PM 8328742 ER PT J AU PERVIN, K CHILDERSTONE, A SHINNICK, T MIZUSHIMA, Y VANDERZEE, R HASAN, A VAUGHAN, R LEHNER, T AF PERVIN, K CHILDERSTONE, A SHINNICK, T MIZUSHIMA, Y VANDERZEE, R HASAN, A VAUGHAN, R LEHNER, T TI T-CELL EPITOPE EXPRESSION OF MYCOBACTERIAL AND HOMOLOGOUS HUMAN 65-KILODALTON HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN-PEPTIDES IN SHORT-TERM CELL-LINES FROM PATIENTS WITH BEHCETS-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT ORAL ULCERS; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; LYMPHOCYTES-T; STRESS PROTEINS; GAMMA-DELTA; ANTIGEN; ARTHRITIS; TUBERCULOSIS; RECOGNITION; RECEPTOR AB T cell epitopes of the 65-kDa heat shock protein (HSP) were mapped in patients with Behcet's disease (BD), by stimulating T cells with the overlapping synthetic peptides derived from the sequences of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 65-kDa HSP. Significant lymphoproliferative responses were stimulated with four HSP peptides in BD, as compared with the related disease (recurrent oral ulcers), unrelated disease, and healthy controls (p < 0.05 to 0.005). In order to assess the relative frequency of sensitized lymphocytes by these peptides, 7353 short term cell lines were generated from the lymphocytes of patients and controls. Peptides 111-125, 154-172, and 311-325 (p < 0.001) and peptide 219-233 (p < 0.02) yielded significantly greater frequency of STCL in BD than in healthy and disease controls. All but peptide 154-172 stimulated only the CD4+ subset of T cells, although there was no evidence that reactivity to the selected peptides is restricted by DR2 to DR7 Ag. HLA-B51 is significantly associated with BD, but there was no evidence that B51 was a restricting element, when B51+ patients were compared with B51- patients with BD, and with B51+ healthy control subjects. A comparative investigation was then carried out between the corresponding mycobacterial and human HSP peptides. Similar or higher lymphoproliferative responses were stimulated by the human peptides compared with the mycobacterial peptides. These results suggest that the four peptide determinants within the 65-kDa HSP might be involved in the pathogenesis of BD. Whereas the high microbial load and associated stress proteins found in oral ulceration of BD may initiate an immune response to these conserved epitopes, expression of autoreactive T cell clones might be stimulated by immunodominant T cell epitopes of endogenous HSP which may induce immunopathologic changes. C1 UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,DEPT IMMUNOL,GUYS TOWER FLOOR 28,LONDON BRIDGE,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,FAC BACTERIAL DIS,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST MARIANNA MED UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,MIYAMAE KU,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA 213,JAPAN. NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. UNITED MED & DENT SCH GUYS & ST THOMAS HOSP,DEPT TISSUE TYPING,LONDON SE1 9RT,ENGLAND. RI van der Zee, Ruurd/O-5256-2015 OI van der Zee, Ruurd/0000-0002-4331-2755 NR 47 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 1993 VL 151 IS 4 BP 2273 EP 2282 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA LR904 UT WOS:A1993LR90400054 PM 7688396 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL RIES, AA AF SWERDLOW, DL RIES, AA TI VIBRIO-CHOLERAE NON-01 - THE 8TH PANDEMIC SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,INFECT DIS UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. NR 12 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 14 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8868 BP 382 EP 383 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LR900 UT WOS:A1993LR90000002 PM 8101894 ER PT J AU HOLLOWAY, B ERDMAN, DD DURIGON, EL MURTAGH, JJ AF HOLLOWAY, B ERDMAN, DD DURIGON, EL MURTAGH, JJ TI AN EXONUCLEASE-AMPLIFICATION COUPLED CAPTURE TECHNIQUE IMPROVES DETECTION OF PCR PRODUCT SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; ENZYME C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA VA MED CTR,DECATUR,GA. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST BIOMED SCI,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP HOLLOWAY, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD AUG 11 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 16 BP 3905 EP 3906 DI 10.1093/nar/21.16.3905 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LT965 UT WOS:A1993LT96500052 PM 8396241 ER PT J AU HEIMBERGER, TS CHANG, HGH BIRKHEAD, GS DIFERDINANDO, GD GREENBERG, AJ GUNN, R MORSE, DL AF HEIMBERGER, TS CHANG, HGH BIRKHEAD, GS DIFERDINANDO, GD GREENBERG, AJ GUNN, R MORSE, DL TI HIGH PREVALENCE OF SYPHILIS DETECTED THROUGH A JAIL SCREENING-PROGRAM - A POTENTIAL PUBLIC-HEALTH MEASURE TO ADDRESS THE SYPHILIS EPIDEMIC SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COCAINE AB Background: In june 1990, a syphilis initiative was undertaken to help control New York's most extensive syphilis epidemic since the 1940s. Methods: To evaluate the usefulness of syphilis screening in local jails, we reviewed demographic and syphilis screening data from a county jail in an area with a high prevalence of syphilis that has routinely tested incoming inmates. Results: Of 12 685 inmates, 9797 (77%) were screened for syphilis, and 321 (3.3%) had a positive test result; 258 (80%) of the positive results were confirmed. Data were available for 244 of the inmates with a confirmed positive result: 162 (67%) had newly diagnosed syphilis (overall rate, 1.6%), 112 of whom had early syphilis; 50 (20%) had been previously treated for syphilis; and 32 (13%) were unavailable for follow-up. Of 162 inmates with newly diagnosed syphilis, 122 (75%) were treated in jail, and 40 were treated after their release from jail. The median time from screening to treatment was 17 days. The median jail stay was 45 days for inmates who were evaluated for treatment vs 5 days for those who were unavailable for follow-up. Conclusions Screening inmates for syphilis was a productive public health measure, as inmates accounted for 20% of the county's syphilis morbidity. Given the high prevalence of syphilis among inmates and the inability to reach them for treatment after release, strategies are needed to rapidly screen and treat inmates before their release from jail. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,EMPIRE STATE PLAZA,ROOM 651 TOWER,ALBANY,NY 12237. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NASSAU CTY DEPT HLTH,MINEOLA,NY. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD AUG 9 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 15 BP 1799 EP 1804 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.15.1799 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LQ367 UT WOS:A1993LQ36700006 PM 8333816 ER PT J AU TOMPKINS, SM ROTA, PA MOORE, JC JENSEN, PE AF TOMPKINS, SM ROTA, PA MOORE, JC JENSEN, PE TI A EUROPIUM FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY FOR MEASURING BINDING OF ANTIGEN TO CLASS-II MHC GLYCOPROTEINS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE EUROPIUM; CLASS-II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PEPTIDE BINDING; ANTIGEN PROCESSING ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; PROCESSED ANTIGEN; ACIDIC PH; PEPTIDE; INSULIN; RECOGNITION; MOLECULES AB A dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay employing europium-streptavidin and time-resolved fluorimetry was developed to measure binding of biotin-labeled peptides to class II MHC proteins. Binding of biotin-peptides as measured by this assay was saturable and inhibited in the presence of unlabeled peptide. Background fluorescence was minimal and there was a direct relationship between signal and biotin-peptide/class II complex concentration from 1.3 pmol to less than 1 fmol total class II. The sensitivity of the assay and the ability to selectively capture specific class Il proteins from detergent lysates of cells with solid phase mAb made it possible to measure formation peptide/class II complexes in live APC cultured with biotin-labeled insulin. This assay is expected to be useful for routine measurement of peptide/class II binding and biochemical analysis of Ag processing events. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,775 WMB,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RI Tompkins, Stephen/A-3317-2008 OI Tompkins, Stephen/0000-0002-1523-5588 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI30554] NR 18 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD AUG 9 PY 1993 VL 163 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA LT891 UT WOS:A1993LT89100009 PM 8354890 ER PT J AU CIESLAK, PR BARRETT, TJ GRIFFIN, PM GENSHEIMER, KF BECKETT, G BUFFINGTON, J SMITH, MG AF CIESLAK, PR BARRETT, TJ GRIFFIN, PM GENSHEIMER, KF BECKETT, G BUFFINGTON, J SMITH, MG TI ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTION FROM A MANURED GARDEN SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,AUGUSTA,ME. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH 03301. RP CIESLAK, PR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHOEAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANT,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 7 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8867 BP 367 EP 367 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91509-K PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LQ868 UT WOS:A1993LQ86800041 PM 8101603 ER PT J AU YIP, R SHARP, TW AF YIP, R SHARP, TW TI ACUTE MALNUTRITION AND HIGH CHILDHOOD MORTALITY RELATED TO DIARRHEA - LESSONS FROM THE 1991 KURDISH REFUGEE CRISIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To determine the extent, major causes, and contributory factors of high rates of morbidity.and mortality among children at mountain camps along the Turkey-Iraq border during the 1991 Kurdish refugee crisis. Design.-A cross-sectional rapid nutrition survey among children and a retrospective mortality survey covering a 2-month period from the onset of the crisis. Population Studied.-Households of Kurdish refugees at resettlement camp 1 near Zakho in northern Iraq. Main Outcome Measures.-Prevalence of wasting (low weight-for-height) and mean weight-for-height status, prevalence of diarrhea, and crude and age-specific mortality rates. Results.-Weight-for-height measurements indicated that children under 2 years of age had suffered significant (P<.001) recent malnutrition. The elevated prevalence of wasting and the reduced mean weight-for-height status in this group indicated generalized weight loss. This weight loss was likely the result of the high rates of diarrhea, which still affected 50% of the younger children at the time of survey. The crude mortality rate for all ages was 8.9 per 1000 per month (expected rate, 0.6 per 1000); two thirds of the deaths occurred among children aged 5 years or younger, and half among infants younger than 1 year. An estimated 12% of all infants died during the first 2 months of the crisis. Most deaths were due to diarrhea, dehydration, and resulting malnutrition. Conclusions.-The high rates of malnutrition and mortality related to diarrhea in infants and younger children of Kurdish refugees took place rapidly despite prompt relief efforts and a previously healthy population. This experience underscores the need for early and aggressive public health management of sanitation, water sources, and diarrhea control programs to augment the traditional focus on food and medical relief during the emergency phase of a refugee crisis. C1 USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20814. RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 16 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 5 BP 587 EP 590 DI 10.1001/jama.270.5.587 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LP436 UT WOS:A1993LP43600022 PM 8331756 ER PT J AU LEE, LE FONSECA, V BRETT, KM SANCHEZ, J MULLEN, RC QUENEMOEN, LE GROSECLOSE, SL HOPKINS, RS AF LEE, LE FONSECA, V BRETT, KM SANCHEZ, J MULLEN, RC QUENEMOEN, LE GROSECLOSE, SL HOPKINS, RS TI ACTIVE MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE AFTER HURRICANE-ANDREW - FLORIDA, 1992 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FLOOD AB Objective.-To describe the health status of and to detect disease outbreaks in the population affected by Hurricane Andrew in south Dade County, Florida. Design.-The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services and the US Army conducted active surveillance for gastrointestinal illness, respiratory illness, injury, and other index conditions by monitoring civilian and service member visits to care sites (civilian and military free care sites and hospital emergency departments) from August 30 (1 week after the hurricane's landfall) through September 30,1992. Setting.-South Dade County, Florida. Main Outcome Measures.-Proportional morbidity: the number of daily visits for each index condition divided by the total number of visits, expressed as a percentage. Morbidity rate: the total number of daily visits by service members divided by the total number of service members, expressed as a percentage. Results.-Six index conditions accounted for 41.3% of visits to civilian free care sites: diarrhea (4.7%), cough (4.7%), other infection (9.6%), rash (5.4%), animal bite (1.2%), and injury (15.7%). At military free care sites, five index conditions accounted for 75.7% of civilian visits: injury (23.7%), dermatologic illness (12.4%), respiratory illness (9.9%), gastrointestinal illness (5.3%), and other medical conditions (24.4%). Two index conditions accounted for 54.1 % of service member visits: injury (36.2%) and dermatologic illness (17.9%). During the 5 weeks after the hurricane, proportional morbidity from injury decreased; proportional morbidity from respiratory illness increased; and proportional morbidity from diarrhea was stable. No infectious disease outbreaks occurred. Conclusions.-Injuries were an important source of morbidity throughout the surveillance period, especially among service members. Enteric and respiratory agents did not cause disease outbreaks, despite alarming rumors to the contrary. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV ANAL,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,OFF DIS CONTROL & AIDS PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP LEE, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 5 BP 591 EP 594 DI 10.1001/jama.270.5.591 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LP436 UT WOS:A1993LP43600023 PM 8331757 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ WALDMAN, RJ AF TOOLE, MJ WALDMAN, RJ TI REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PERSONS - WAR, HUNGER, AND PUBLIC-HEALTH SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The number of refugees and internally displaced persons in need of protection and assistance has increased from 30 million in 1990 to more than 43 million today. War and civil strife have been largely responsible for this epidemic of mass migration that has affected almost every region of the world, including Europe. Since 1990, crude death rates (CDRs) during the early influx of refugees who crossed international borders have been somewhat lower than CDRs reported earlier among Cambodian and Ethiopian refugees. Nevertheless, CDRs among refugees arriving in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Malawi, and Zimbabwe since 1990 ranged from five to 12 times the baseline CDRs in the countries of origin. Among internally displaced populations in northern Iraq, Somalia, and Sudan, CDRs were extremely high, ranging from 12 to 25 times the baseline CDRs for the nondisplaced. Among both refugees and internally displaced persons, death rates among children less than 5 years of age were far higher than among older children and adults. In Bangladesh, the death rate in female Rohingya refugees was several times higher than in males. Preventable conditions such as diarrheal disease, measles, and acute respiratory infections, exacerbated often by malnutrition, caused most deaths. Although relief programs for refugees have improved since 1990, the situation among the internally displaced may have worsened. The international community should intervene earlier in the evolution of complex disasters involving civil war, human rights abuses, food shortages, and mass displacement. Relief programs need to be based on sound health and nutrition information and should focus on the provision of adequate shelter, food, water, sanitation, and public health programs that prevent mortality from diarrhea, measles, and other communicable diseases, especially among young children and women. C1 WHO,DIV DIARRHOEAL & ACUTE RESP DISEASE CONTROL,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP FO3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 11 U2 65 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 4 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 5 BP 600 EP 605 DI 10.1001/jama.270.5.600 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LP436 UT WOS:A1993LP43600025 PM 8331759 ER PT J AU WARD, EM AF WARD, EM TI RESPONSE TO CASE-STUDY CARCINOGENS - THE MBOCA TLV EXAMPLE SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Note ID BLADDER-CANCER; EXPOSURE; COHORT RP WARD, EM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 54 IS 8 BP 461 EP 463 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MK309 UT WOS:A1993MK30900012 ER PT J AU FLEGAL, KM LAUNER, LJ GRAUBARD, BI KESTLER, E VILLAR, J AF FLEGAL, KM LAUNER, LJ GRAUBARD, BI KESTLER, E VILLAR, J TI MODELING MATERNAL WEIGHT AND HEIGHT IN STUDIES OF PREGNANCY OUTCOME AMONG HISPANIC WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ANTHROPOMETRY; BIRTH WEIGHT; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS INDEX; BODY WEIGHT; CENTRAL AMERICA; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; GUATEMALA; HISPANIC AMERICANS; MEXICAN AMERICANS; PREGNANCY OUTCOME ID BODY-MASS INDEXES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; BENN INDEX; DETERMINANTS; OBESITY AB The objective of this study was to evaluate methods of using maternal weight and height in studies of pregnancy outcome for Hispanic women. Reference anthropometric data came from 1166 Mexican-American women in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Prospective data on maternal anthropometry and infant birth weight came from 1362 Hispanic women in the Kaiser-Permanente Contraceptive Drug Study and 12 786 women in the Guatemalan Cooperative Perinatal Study. Five methods of standardizing weight for height were evaluated, including power-type indexes and weights relative to HHANES reference data. In linear- and logistic-regression analyses, these methods were practically interchangeable, with no evident advantage of Hispanic reference data. However, if weight was not height-standardized the effect of height was underestimated; if height was omitted and weight was not height-standardized the effects of weight were exaggerated. Therefore, analyses of pregnancy outcome should include both height and height-standardized weight. C1 NICHHD,PREVENT RES PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. GYNECOL & OBSTET HOSP,GUATEMALAN SOCIAL SECUR INST,PERINATAL RES PROGRAM,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP FLEGAL, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 900,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 58 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA LP776 UT WOS:A1993LP77600006 PM 8338040 ER PT J AU SACKS, JJ AF SACKS, JJ TI IN RATES WE TRUST SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Editorial Material RP SACKS, JJ (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL K60,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,CHAMBLEE,GA 30341, USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 147 IS 8 BP 813 EP 813 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LR711 UT WOS:A1993LR71100003 PM 8352207 ER PT J AU PHILEN, RM HILL, RH FLANDERS, WD CAUDILL, SP NEEDHAM, L SEWELL, L SAMPSON, EJ FALK, H KILBOURNE, EM AF PHILEN, RM HILL, RH FLANDERS, WD CAUDILL, SP NEEDHAM, L SEWELL, L SAMPSON, EJ FALK, H KILBOURNE, EM TI TRYPTOPHAN CONTAMINANTS ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EOSINOPHILIA; EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; TRYPTOPHAN AB Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been linked to ingestion of tryptophan contaminated with 1,1'-ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] (EBT), but other contaminants have received little study. The authors identified 101 lots of L-tryptophan that had been consumed either by persons with EMS or by asymptomatic tryptophan users and quantified the amounts of EBT and five other contaminants in each lot. After stratification of case. and noncase lots by time of manufacture to adjust for the strong sequential pattern over time among case and noncase lots, higher EBT levels were still associated with a lot's case status, but the association lacked statistical significance (p = 0.120, odds ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval 0.758-3.23). While these findings do not rule out the possibility that EBT is the etiologic agent in EMS, they raise the possibility that other chemical contaminants in manufactured tryptophan modify the effects of EBT or that the causal agent of EMS is an entirely distinct compound. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341. RP PHILEN, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS F-46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 138 IS 3 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LU918 UT WOS:A1993LU91800002 PM 8356958 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K SILVERMAN, D AF STEENLAND, K SILVERMAN, D TI 2ND-HAND SMOKE AMONG LONG-HAUL TRUCK DRIVERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE DIESEL EXHAUST EXPOSURES; LUNG CANCER RISK; NONSMOKERS ID LUNG-CANCER C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,R-13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45116, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 24 IS 2 BP 259 EP 259 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700240217 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LN838 UT WOS:A1993LN83800016 ER PT J AU POLISH, LB TONG, MJ CO, RL COLEMAN, PJ ALTER, MJ AF POLISH, LB TONG, MJ CO, RL COLEMAN, PJ ALTER, MJ TI RISK-FACTORS FOR HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG HEALTH-CARE PERSONNEL IN A COMMUNITY-HOSPITAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Note AB Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for antibody to the hepatitis C virus in hospital employees. Methods: Retrospective testing of serum samples obtained from 1677 hospital employees during a prehepatitis B vaccination program in a private teaching community hospital. Results: Twenty-three employees (1.4%) were found to have antibody to hepatitis C virus. The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus was higher in blacks (3.4%) than in whites (1.1%, p = 0.03) and Hispanics (2.6%, p = 0.88). In a logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with antibody to hepatitis C virus seropositivity included antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (p = 0.002), a history of blood transfusion (p = 0.03), and needlestick injuries (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in health care workers was not high, needlestick injuries were associated with an increased risk for acquiring hepatitis C virus infection. RP POLISH, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G37,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 1993 VL 21 IS 4 BP 196 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0196-6553(93)90031-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA LT602 UT WOS:A1993LT60200005 PM 7694529 ER PT J AU CATES, W JOESOEF, MR GOLDMAN, MB AF CATES, W JOESOEF, MR GOLDMAN, MB TI ATYPICAL PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE - CAN WE IDENTIFY CLINICAL PREDICTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA; GONORRHEA; TUBAL INFERTILITY ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; TUBAL INFERTILITY; SEQUELAE; WOMEN; RISK; SALPINGITIS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; HISTORY AB OBJECTIVE: We used data from a large multicenter case-control study of tubal infertility to analyze further the relationship among demographic variables, behavioral measures, history of previous sexually transmitted diseases, and past contraceptive practices, for women with and without a history of pelvic inflammatory disease. STUDY DESIGN: We identified 283 white women with tubal infertility who requested rare at seven participating institutions. Of these women, 238 (84%) did not have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (''atypical pelvic inflammatory disease'') whereas 45 reported a history of pelvic inflammatory disease (''overt pelvic inflammatory disease''). We compared these groups with 1629 white women without a history of either infertility or pelvic inflammatory disease who were delivered of their first live-born child at the same institutions as the infertile cases. RESULTS: Women with atypical pelvic inflammatory disease were demographically more like fertile control subjects and had behavioral characteristics midway between those of the overt pelvic inflammatory disease group and the fertile group. Both oral contraceptive and diaphragm use protected against tubal infertility for women with either atypical or overt pelvic inflammatory disease. Atypical pelvic inflammatory disease was related to a history of Trichomonas infection but not to a reported history of gonorrhea, genital herpes, or other vaginitis. CONCLUSION: Atypical pelvic inflammatory disease is probably more common than its symptomatic counterpart. Whereas this condition is associated with some characteristics of a sexually transmitted infection, clinical predictors remain elusive. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT CO8,DIV TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-02822, R29-HD-23718] NR 26 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 169 IS 2 BP 341 EP 346 PN 1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LW154 UT WOS:A1993LW15400016 PM 8362945 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, JF DONOHUE, MA NEVINWOODS, C MCBEAN, AM PACE, NE WILLIAMS, WW SPIKA, JS AF CAMPBELL, JF DONOHUE, MA NEVINWOODS, C MCBEAN, AM PACE, NE WILLIAMS, WW SPIKA, JS TI THE HAWAII-PNEUMOCOCCAL-DISEASE-INITIATIVE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note C1 HAWAII DEPT HLTH,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,HONOLULU,HI. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BALTIMORE,MD. HAWAII PNEUMOCOCCAL DIS INITIAT,HONOLULU,HI. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1175 EP 1176 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR018 UT WOS:A1993LR01800025 PM 8342733 ER PT J AU ZAHNISER, SC KENDRICK, JS AF ZAHNISER, SC KENDRICK, JS TI SOCIOECONOMIC AND RACIAL-DIFFERENCES IN OBSTETRIC PROCEDURES - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP ZAHNISER, SC (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 83 IS 8 BP 1179 EP 1179 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.8.1179 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR018 UT WOS:A1993LR01800028 ER PT J AU TRAPPIER, SG CONATY, AL FARRAR, BB AUPERIN, DD MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP AF TRAPPIER, SG CONATY, AL FARRAR, BB AUPERIN, DD MCCORMICK, JB FISHERHOCH, SP TI EVALUATION OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION FOR DIAGNOSIS OF LASSA VIRUS-INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; FEVER INFECTION; RNA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ARENAVIRUSES; STRAIN AB We evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization procedures for diagnosis of Lassa fever. Primers were derived from a region of the small RNA segment of Lassa virus coding for the glycoprotein. Serum samples stored for a 14-year period from patients in Sierra Leone, West Africa were examined retrospectively. Blinded samples were then tested prospectively. Eighty-eight virus isolation-negative control sera were negative by PCR and hybridization. In the retrospective study, virus was isolated from 51 of 98 specimens from patients with Lassa fever, and 33 of these were positive for Lassa virus RNA by PCR, and 42 by PCR and hybridization. Fifteen were positive by PCR and hybridization but isolation-negative, and nine were positive by isolation but PCR/hybridization-negative. Thirty-two were negative by all methods (sensitivity by PCR/hybridization compared with virus isolation 0.82, specificity 0.68). In a prospective blinded study of 195 patient sera, 51 were positive by PCR and virus isolation, and 24 were PCR positive but virus isolation-negative (sensitivity 0.66, specificity 0.71). After hybridization, 66 virus isolation-positive sera were positive. The sensitivity was 0.86 and the specificity was 0.59, and the probability of false-positive results compared with virus isolation was 32%, (chi2 = 21.9, by McNemar's test). Since some specimens may not have contained viable virus, we re-analyzed the data of individual patients using laboratory-confirmed case definitions for Lassa fever. All specimens from patients in whom Lassa fever was excluded by serologic tests were negative by PCR/hybridization. The PCR/hybridization was positive longer in the disease course and false positives may reflect its greater sensitivity when compared with virus isolation. The PCR/hybridization did not detect Lassa virus RNA of some Lassa virus isolates from other countries in West Africa, or in every plaque of all isolates. Although some strains may not be detected until broader-reacting primers are available, the PCR is a reliable, safe, and sensitive tool for the rapid diagnosis of Lassa fever. RP TRAPPIER, SG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 214 EP 221 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LW871 UT WOS:A1993LW87100010 PM 8357084 ER PT J AU TESH, RB WILSON, ML SALAS, R DEMANZIONE, NMC TOVAR, D KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ AF TESH, RB WILSON, ML SALAS, R DEMANZIONE, NMC TOVAR, D KSIAZEK, TG PETERS, CJ TI FIELD STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VENEZUELAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER - IMPLICATION OF THE COTTON RAT SIGMODON-ALSTONI AS THE PROBABLE RODENT RESERVOIR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LASSA FEVER; VIRUSES AB During February 1992, field studies on the epidemiology of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF) were carried out in a rural area of Portuguesa State in central Venezuela. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of infection with Guanarito virus, the etiologic agent of VHF, among wild rodents and humans living within an endemic focus of the disease. A total of 234 rodents, representing nine different species, were collected and their spleens were cultured for virus. Thirty-one Guanarito virus isolates were made from two rodent species: 19 from 40 Sigmodon alstoni and 12 from 106 Zygodontomys brevicauda. Guanarito virus antibody rates among these two species were 5.1% and 15.0%, respectively. Nine of the 12 Z. brevicauda that yielded virus from their spleens also had Guanarito virus antibodies in their sera. In contrast, none of the 19 Guanarito virus-positive S. alstoni had antibodies to the virus. These data suggest that S. alstoni usually develops a persistent nonimmunizing infection with Guanarito virus, while Z. brevicauda develops an immunizing infection. Based on knowledge of the behavior of other human pathogenic arenaviruses, these results imply that S. alstoni is the principal rodent reservoir of Guanarito virus in nature. To determine the prevalence of Guanarito virus infection among humans in the same region, 195 people living near one of the rodent collecting sites were bled and their sera were tested for antibodies to the virus. Five individuals (2.6%) had Guanarito virus antibodies; all were adults, and two had been diagnosed previously as having VHF. The results of these preliminary serologic studies suggest that the prevalence of human infection with Guanarito virus in the VHF endemic region is relatively low, but that the percentage of infected people who develop severe disease is relatively high. C1 NATL INST HYG RAFAEL RANGEL,VIROL SECT,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. PORTUGUESA STATE SANITARY REG,MINIST HLTH & SOCIAL ASSISTANCE,GUANARE,VENEZUELA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP TESH, RB (reprint author), YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS UNIT,POB 3333,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10984] NR 16 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LW871 UT WOS:A1993LW87100012 PM 8395143 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE HOLLAND, MU GREEN, DB GRACIA, F REEVES, WC AF KAPLAN, JE HOLLAND, MU GREEN, DB GRACIA, F REEVES, WC TI FAILURE TO DETECT HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS-ANTIBODY IN WILD-CAUGHT NEW-WORLD PRIMATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-II INFECTION; GUAYMI INDIANS; DRUG-ABUSERS; STLV-I; PANAMA AB We conducted a study to look for a simian counterpart of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in wild-caught monkeys in the Republic of Panama. Serum specimens were obtained from 102 monkeys (Ateles fusciceps, n = 75; Alouatta villosa, n = 18; and Cebus capucinus, n = 9) captured in Panama's Darien rain forest in 1979-1980. Specimens were screened for HTLV antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reactive specimens were further tested by Western blot. None of the 102 specimens were seropositive for HTLV. Our findings provide no evidence for an HTLV-like virus in New World primates from Panama, but the sample size was small, and further studies are warranted. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 236 EP 238 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LW871 UT WOS:A1993LW87100013 PM 8102837 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, BE SIMS, KG OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE PIESMAN, JF HAPP, CM MAUPIN, GO JOHNSON, BJB AF ANDERSON, BE SIMS, KG OLSON, JG CHILDS, JE PIESMAN, JF HAPP, CM MAUPIN, GO JOHNSON, BJB TI AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM - A POTENTIAL VECTOR OF HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ETIOLOGIC AGENT; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; TICKS; CANIS; DOGS AB Polymerase chain reaction primers specific for Ehrlichia chaffeensis were used to amplify DNA from extracts of pooled ticks. Amplification was performed on extracts from 140 pools (1,579 total ticks) consisting of three tick genera collected from five states. The characteristic 389-basepair product was observed after amplification of extracts from seven different pools of adult Amblyomma americanum (117 pools, 1,462 ticks), but not from pools of nymphs. No specific product was observed after amplification of 20 pools (105 ticks) of Dermacentor variabilis and three pools of Ixodes scapularis (12 ticks). Ehrlichia chaffeensis was present in A. americanum at a minimum frequency of greater-than-or-equal-to 0.48%, suggesting that A. americanum may be a vector of human ehrlichiosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP ANDERSON, BE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012; Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 15 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LW871 UT WOS:A1993LW87100014 PM 8357086 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, JJ STEURER, F BENAVIDES, G TARLETON, RL EBERHARD, ML LANDRY, S AF SULLIVAN, JJ STEURER, F BENAVIDES, G TARLETON, RL EBERHARD, ML LANDRY, S TI TRYPANOSOMES AND MICROFILARIAE IN FERAL OWL AND SQUIRREL-MONKEYS MAINTAINED IN RESEARCH COLONIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFECTION AB A group of 358 owl and squirrel monkeys imported from Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia for the U.S. Agency for International Development Malaria Vaccine Development Program was examined for trypanosomes and microfilariae. Trypanosoma rangeli, isolated by hemoculture from Aotus nancymai, Saimiri b. boliviensis, and S. b. peruviensis, accounted for 76.6% of all trypanosome infections. Trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from 25 of 194 S. b. boliviensis, including two mixed infections with T. rangeli. Identifications of trypanosomes were confirmed by blinded tests with a panel of five rRNA probes on a subsample of cultures identified morphologically. Although no trypanosomes were isolated from Aotus vociferans or A. lemurinus griseimembra, positive serologic responses to T. cruzi were observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay in all species of monkeys examined and ranged from 42.1% among S. b. peruviensis to 92.3% among A. vociferans. Among T. rangeli-infected monkeys, 43.7% were seronegative for T. cruzi. No microfilariae were found in S. b. boliviensis or A. l. griseimembra. Mansonella barbascalensis and Dipetalonema caudispina were observed in A. vociferans, M. panamensis in A. nancymai, and M. saimiri and D. caudispina in S. b. peruviensis. Such naturally occurring infections in imported animal models are potential sources of accidental transmission to animal handlers and uninfected laboratory animals and can introduce confounding variables into otherwise well-planned and well-executed studies. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. US AGCY INT DEV,OFF HLTH,BUR RES & DEV,MALARIA VACCINE DEV PROGRAM,WASHINGTON,DC 20523. RP SULLIVAN, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 254 EP 259 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LW871 UT WOS:A1993LW87100016 PM 8357088 ER PT J AU SWERDLOW, DL GRIFFIN, PM AF SWERDLOW, DL GRIFFIN, PM TI THE HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTION - RESPONSE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID O157-H7; OUTBREAK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP SWERDLOW, DL (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 3 BP 250 EP 250 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LU903 UT WOS:A1993LU90300024 ER PT J AU ZHAO, T DOYLE, MP BESSER, RE AF ZHAO, T DOYLE, MP BESSER, RE TI FATE OF ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 IN APPLE CIDER WITH AND WITHOUT PRESERVATIVES SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FOOD AB A strain of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 isolated from a patient in an apple cider-related outbreak was used to study the fate of E. coli O157:H7 in six different lots of unpasteurized apple cider. In addition, the efficacy of two preservatives, 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% potassium sorbate, used separately and in combination was evaluated for antimicrobial effects on the bacterium. Studies were done at 8 or 25-degrees-C with ciders having pH values of 3.6 to 4.0. The results revealed that E. coli O157:H7 populations increased slightly (ca. 1 log10 CFU/ml) and then remained stable for approximately 12 days in lots inoculated with an initial population of 10(5) E. coli O157:H7 organisms per ml and held at 8-degrees-C. The bacterium survived from 10 to 31 days or 2 to 3 days at 8 or 25-degrees-C, respectively, depending on the lot. Potassium sorbate had minimal effect on E. coli O157:H7 populations, with survivors detected for 15 to 20 days or 1 to 3 days at 8 or 25-degrees-C, respectively. In contrast, survivors in cider containing sodium benzoate were detected for only 2 to 10 days or less than 1 to 2 days at 8 or 25-degrees-C, respectively. The highest rates of inactivation occurred in the presence of a combination of 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% potassium sorbate. The use of 0.1% sodium benzoate, an approved preservative used by some cider processors, will substantially increase the safety of apple cider in terms of E. coli O157:H7, in addition to suppressing the growth of yeasts and molds. C1 UNIV GEORGIA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT, GEORGIA STN, GRIFFIN, GA 30223 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ENTER DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 274 Z9 278 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2526 EP 2530 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500027 PM 8368839 ER PT J AU PAZZAGLIA, G LESMANA, M TJANIADI, P SUBEKTI, D KAY, B AF PAZZAGLIA, G LESMANA, M TJANIADI, P SUBEKTI, D KAY, B TI USE OF VAGINAL TAMPONS IN SEWER SURVEYS FOR NON-O1 VIBRIO-CHOLERAE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Vaginal tampons were shown to be a practical alternative to conventional Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage. Associated laboratory investigations demonstrated improved isolation of V. cholerae by using 12- or 18-h enrichments in alkaline peptone water, in comparison with 6-h enrichments, when cultures were incubated at ambient temperatures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 59 IS 8 BP 2740 EP 2742 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA LP835 UT WOS:A1993LP83500063 PM 8368858 ER PT J AU MAGNON, KC JALBERT, M PADHYE, AA AF MAGNON, KC JALBERT, M PADHYE, AA TI OSTEOLYTIC PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY PHIALEMONIUM-OBOVATUM SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Note AB Phialemonium obovatum was found to be the cause of nosocomial osteomyelitis in a 41-year-old man after sustaining a nonpenetrating injury to his lumbar and cervical region. Histologic examination of fragments of disk and bone from L3-4 hemilaminectomy showed multiple fragments of fibrocartilage with focal necrosis, chronic inflammation, and granulation tissue formation. Sections stained with Gomori's methenamine silver procedure showed multiple fungal elements in necrotic areas consisting of irregularly branched, hyaline septate hyphae having swollen cells, and occasional yeastlike cells. The use of Fontana-Masson silver stain showed the presence of melanin in cells walls and septa of the hyphae. Phialemonium obovatum was isolated when the ground tissue from disk and bone from L3-4 was cultured on biphasic brain-heart infusion medium. Colonies were moist, off-white to ochraceous with a characteristic green, diffusible pigment on the reverse side. The isolate grew well up to 40-degrees-C. It formed characteristic adelophialides without conspicuous collarettes and basal septa and produced smooth, one-celled, hyaline, and obovate conidia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BAPTIST MEM HOSP SYST,DEPT PATHOL,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 117 IS 8 BP 841 EP 843 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA LR011 UT WOS:A1993LR01100016 PM 8343050 ER PT J AU BYERS, T AF BYERS, T TI DIETARY TRENDS IN THE UNITED-STATES - RELEVANCE TO CANCER PREVENTION SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NATIONAL CONF ON CANCER PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION CY SEP 10-12, 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER CANC SOC DE DIET; NUTRITION; TRENDS; DIETARY FAT; FRUITS AND VEGETABLES; UNITED-STATES ID AMERICAN DIET AB Background. Diet may be an important factor in the cause and prevention of cancer. Thus, in part to reduce cancer risk, the United States has set two dietary goals for the Year 2000: to reduce fat intake by 18% so that fat constitutes no more than 30% of caloric intake (baseline level 35%), and to double the consumption of carbohydrate and fiber-containing foods by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to five servings per day and grains to six servings per day (baseline levels 2.5 and 3.0). How far the US population has progressed toward these goals is uncertain. Methods. Dietary trends in the United States during the past 20 years were examined by compiling food supply data and dietary intake estimates from US adults from various national surveys and from individual studies. Results. Dietary fat intake, considered in absolute terms and as the proportion of calories derived from fat, has been declining slightly during the past 20 years but probably remains near 35% of kilocalories derived from fat. Fruit and vegetable intake appears to be increasing, yet probably averages no more than 3.4 servings per day among US adults. These dietary trends may not be occurring equally in all socioeconomic levels of our society. Conclusions. There is evidence of modest improvement in the American diet during the past 20 years, with decreasing fat and increasing fruits and vegetables in the diet, but changes must occur at a faster pace if the Year 2000 dietary goals are to be met. More cost-efficient and more timely methods of dietary surveillance of target populations must be developed to support the development and evaluation of more effective dietary interventions. RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,CHRON DIS NUTR BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD AUG 1 PY 1993 VL 72 IS 3 SU S BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19930801)72:3+<1015::AID-CNCR2820721312>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LQ618 UT WOS:A1993LQ61800011 PM 8334652 ER PT J AU JURADO, RL FARLEY, MM PEREIRA, E HARVEY, RC SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD STEPHENS, DS AF JURADO, RL FARLEY, MM PEREIRA, E HARVEY, RC SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD STEPHENS, DS TI INCREASED RISK OF MENINGITIS AND BACTEREMIA DUE TO LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS AB The incidence, demographics, and clinical outcome of infections due to Listeria monocytogenes in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated by prospective population-based surveillance. During a 2-year study period, 37 cases of invasive listeriosis occurred in metropolitan Atlanta (annual incidence, 0.8 case per 100,000 population). Seven of these cases occurred in known HIV-infected individuals (19% of all cases); five had an AIDS-defining illness, and the other two had CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of <200/muL. The estimated incidence of listeriosis among HIV-infected patients in metropolitan Atlanta was 52 cases per 100,000 patients per year, and among patients with AIDS it was 115 cases per 100,000 patients per year, rates 65-145 times higher than those among the general population. HIV-associated cases occurred in adults who were 29-62 years of age and in postnatal infants who were 2 and 6 months of age. Mortality among the HIV-infected group was 29%. L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b were isolated from the HIV-infected patients. L. monocytogenes is an important opportunistic pathogen in HIV-infected patients. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 15 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 224 EP 227 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LP455 UT WOS:A1993LP45500012 PM 8399870 ER PT J AU WARREN, DL DUERR, A AF WARREN, DL DUERR, A TI HIV-INFECTION IN NONPREGNANT WOMEN - A REVIEW OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE SO CURRENT OPINION IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB HIV infection has become an important health problem among American women. The natural history of HIV infection and AIDS appears to be similar for women and men, and preliminary studies demonstrate similar survival and clinical events for both sexes. The natural history and presentation of common gynecologic infections and conditions may be altered by HIV. Most is known about cervical dysplasia. The risk of cervical dysplasia appears to be increased in women with HIV infection, progression of cervical dysplasia may be more rapid, severity of disease increased, particularly for women with HIV-related immunocompromise. Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention added invasive cervical cancer as an AIDS-defining condition. Vulvovaginal candidiasis, sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, herpes, and cytomegalovirus, and pelvic inflammatory disease are also common in HIV-infected women. Preliminary data suggest that these conditions may be more severe and more difficult to treat in HIV-infected women than uninfected women. Women who are HIV-infected should have thorough evaluation and follow up of all gynecologic conditions, particularly as they become immunosuppressed. RP WARREN, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 1040-872X J9 CURR OPIN OBSTET GYN JI Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 5 IS 4 BP 527 EP 533 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LR686 UT WOS:A1993LR68600018 PM 8400053 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA JONES, BM HUBBARD, M AF NICHOLSON, JKA JONES, BM HUBBARD, M TI CD4 T-LYMPHOCYTE DETERMINATIONS ON WHOLE-BLOOD SPECIMENS USING A SINGLE-TUBE 3-COLOR ASSAY SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; LYMPHOCYTE GATING; CD4+ T-CELLS; MULTIPARAMETER FLOW CYTOMETRY ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY AB We evaluated a flow cytometric method for determining the proportion of CD4 positive T lymphocytes in whole blood using a single three-color tube containing fluorochrome-labeled CD45, CD3, and CD4. Various ways of gating this sample were evaluated and results were compared with data obtained in our standard six-tube, two-color assay gated on light scatter parameters. Excellent correlation was found between the three-color analYsis using a CD45/side scatter gate and the standard two-color analysis with a light scatter gate. This single-tube three-color test is a promising assay for monitoring CD4+ T-lymphocytes. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP NICHOLSON, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD AUG PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 685 EP 689 DI 10.1002/cyto.990140614 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA LP763 UT WOS:A1993LP76300013 PM 8104771 ER PT J AU BOERMA, JT STROH, G AF BOERMA, JT STROH, G TI USING SURVEY DATA TO ASSESS NEONATAL TETANUS MORTALITY LEVELS AND TRENDS IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES SO DEMOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; INDONESIA AB Demographic and health surveys are a useful source of information on the levels and trends of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Such surveys provide data on mortality occurring at 4-14 days of life, which is a sensitive indicator of neonatal tetanus mortality. We analyze birth history data from 37 national surveys in developing countries to assess the quality of neonatal mortality data and to estimate levels and trends in mortality occurring at 4-14 days. It is shown that mortality at 4-14 days has declined considerably during the last decade in most developing countries, concomitant with development and expansion of programs to reduce neonatal tetanus. These declines show that reductions in neonatal tetanus mortality probably have been an important contributor to the decline of neonatal and infant mortality during the 1980s. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BOERMA, JT (reprint author), MACRO INT INC,DEMOGR & HLTH SURVEYS,8850 STANFORD BLVD,COLUMBIA,MD 21045, USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU POPULATION ASSN AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1722 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0070-3370 J9 DEMOGRAPHY JI Demography PD AUG PY 1993 VL 30 IS 3 BP 459 EP 475 DI 10.2307/2061651 PG 17 WC Demography SC Demography GA LQ834 UT WOS:A1993LQ83400010 PM 8405609 ER PT J AU ELIXHAUSER, A WESCHLER, JM KITZMILLER, JL MARKS, JS BENNERT, HW COUSTAN, DR GABBE, SG HERMAN, WH KAUFMANN, RC OGATA, ES SEPE, SJ AF ELIXHAUSER, A WESCHLER, JM KITZMILLER, JL MARKS, JS BENNERT, HW COUSTAN, DR GABBE, SG HERMAN, WH KAUFMANN, RC OGATA, ES SEPE, SJ TI COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS OF PRECONCEPTION CARE FOR WOMEN WITH ESTABLISHED DIABETES-MELLITUS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; INTENSIVE-CARE; INFANTS; PREGNANCY; MOTHERS; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT AB OBJECTIVE - To determine whether the additional costs of preconception care are balanced by the savings from averted complications. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of preconception care in reducing congenital anomalies in infants born of mothers with pre-existing diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This study used literature review, consensus development among an expert panel of physicians, and surveys of medical care personnel to obtain information about the costs and consequences of preconception plus prenatal care compared with prenatal care only for women with established diabetes. Preconception care involves close interaction between the patient and an interdisciplinary health-care team as well as intensified evaluation, follow-up, testing, and monitoring. The outcome measures assessed in this study are the medical costs of preconception care versus prenatal care only and the benefit-cost ratio. RESULTS- The costs of preconception plus prenatal care are $17,519/delivery, whereas the costs of prenatal care only are $13,843/delivery. Taking into account maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, the net savings of preconception care are $1720/enrollee over prenatal care only and the benefit-cost ratio is 1.86. The preconception care program remained cost saving across a wide range of assumptions regarding incidence of adverse outcomes and program cost components. CONCLUSIONS - Despite significantly higher per delivery costs for participants in a hypothetical preconception care program, intensive medical care before conception resulted in cost savings compared with prenatal care only. Third- party payers can expect to realize cost savings by reimbursing preconception care in this high-risk population. C1 BATTELLE MED TECHNOL ASSESSMENT & POLICY RES CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. GOOD SAMARITAN HOSP,SAN JOSE,CA. UNIV VERMONT,COLL MED,BURLINGTON,VT 05405. WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. BROWN UNIV,PROGRAM MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,CHICAGO,IL 60611. SO ILLINOIS UNIV,SCH MED,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62708. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAINE MED CTR,PORTLAND,ME 04102. MERCY HOSP,PORTLAND,ME. RP ELIXHAUSER, A (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,DIV PROVIDER STUDIES,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-88-0644] NR 44 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 1993 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1146 EP 1157 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.8.1146 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA LN778 UT WOS:A1993LN77800013 PM 8375245 ER PT J AU BLACK, CM MCDOUGAL, JS HOLMAN, RC EVATT, BL REIMER, CB AF BLACK, CM MCDOUGAL, JS HOLMAN, RC EVATT, BL REIMER, CB TI CROSS-REACTIVITY OF 75 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN-IMMUNOGLOBULIN WITH SERA OF NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PRIMATE ID HUMAN-IGG; EPITOPES; SPECIFICITY; CHIMPANZEE; ANTIGENS AB We systematically analyzed a panel of 75 murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with human immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and kappa and lambda light chains for reactivity with serum immunoglobulins of higher primates. In the great apes, and to a lesser extent in other primates, epitopes related to human light chains, IgM, IgA, IgD, and all 4 IgG subclasses were identified with many of the mAbs. Those mAbs identified as reactive with a given species may be useful for immunologic studies of these species. Cladistic analysis of antigenic relatedness generated a phylogenetic tree consistent with current anatomic or molecular taxonomies. RP MCDOUGAL, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2478 J9 IMMUNOL LETT JI Immunol. Lett. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2-3 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/0165-2478(93)90032-W PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA MB824 UT WOS:A1993MB82400016 PM 8258461 ER PT J AU TALKINGTON, DF SCHWARTZ, B BLACK, CM TODD, JK ELLIOTT, J BREIMAN, RF FACKLAM, RR AF TALKINGTON, DF SCHWARTZ, B BLACK, CM TODD, JK ELLIOTT, J BREIMAN, RF FACKLAM, RR TI ASSOCIATION OF PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INVASIVE STREPTOCOCCUS-PYOGENES ISOLATES WITH CLINICAL COMPONENTS OF STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RHEUMATIC-FEVER; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; RESURGENCE; DIVERSITY; OUTBREAK; PROTEINS; AREA AB Sixty-two invasive Streptococcus pyogenes strains, including 32 strains isolated from patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), were analyzed for the following phenotypic and genotypic characteristics: M-protein type, serum opacity factor production, protease production, the presence of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (Spe) genes A, B, and C, and in vitro production of SpeA and SpeB. These characteristics were analyzed for possible associations with each other as well as with clinical components of STSS. M-type 1, the most commonly isolated M-type, was significantly associated with protease production. Protease activity was significantly associated with the clinical sign of soft tissue necrosis. M-type 1 and 3 strains from STSS patients were significantly associated with the clinical signs of shock and organ involvement as well as with SpeA production in vitro. Finally, the production of SpeA was significantly associated with the clinical component of shock and organ involvement as well as with rash. These data suggest that STSS does not make up a single syndrome but, rather, that the multiple STSS clinical criteria probably reflect different phenotypic characteristics of individual S. pyogenes isolates. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP DENVER,DENVER,CO 80218. UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80202. RP TALKINGTON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 166 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 61 IS 8 BP 3369 EP 3374 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LP357 UT WOS:A1993LP35700037 PM 8335368 ER PT J AU SUMNER, JW SIMS, KG JONES, DC ANDERSON, BE AF SUMNER, JW SIMS, KG JONES, DC ANDERSON, BE TI EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS EXPRESSES AN IMMUNOREACTIVE PROTEIN HOMOLOGOUS TO THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI GROEL PROTEIN SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HUMAN INFECTION; RICKETTSIA; ANTIGEN; COMMON AB A clone expressing a 58-kDa protein reactive with human convalescent-phase serum was isolated from a recombinant library of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis. Sequencing identified two open reading frames, one encoding a 10.3-kDa polypeptide consisting of 94 amino acids and another encoding a 58-kDa polypeptide consisting of 550 amino acids. The sequences of the 10.3- and 58-kDa polypeptides were homologous to those of the Escherichia coli GroES and GroEL heat shock proteins, respectively. RP SUMNER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 61 IS 8 BP 3536 EP 3539 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LP357 UT WOS:A1993LP35700060 PM 8101510 ER PT J AU DOOLEY, SW CASTRO, KG AF DOOLEY, SW CASTRO, KG TI TB AND HIV IN HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS - REPLY SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTED PATIENTS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIC RP DOOLEY, SW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 14 IS 8 BP 454 EP 456 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA LR114 UT WOS:A1993LR11400003 ER PT J AU VUGIA, DJ GRIFFIN, PM AF VUGIA, DJ GRIFFIN, PM TI ASYMPTOMATIC HOSPITAL FOODHANDLERS SHOULD NOT BE SCREENED ROUTINELY FOR INTESTINAL PARASITES SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID AIDS; INFECTIONS C1 US DEPT HHS, PUBL HLTH SERV, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. RP VUGIA, DJ (reprint author), US DEPT HHS, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, PUBL HLTH SERV, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASITIC DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X EI 1559-6834 J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 14 IS 8 BP 457 EP 458 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA LR114 UT WOS:A1993LR11400004 PM 8376734 ER PT J AU WEIL, LS FAVERO, MS MANIAN, FA AF WEIL, LS FAVERO, MS MANIAN, FA TI IS ELIMINATING FLASH STERILIZATION PRACTICAL SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. ST JOHNS MERCY HOSP,ST LOUIS,MO. RP WEIL, LS (reprint author), AMER COLL FOOT & ANKLE SURG,HIGHLAND PK,IL, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 14 IS 8 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA LR114 UT WOS:A1993LR11400010 PM 8376740 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, J SACK, D RAO, M CHAKRABORTY, J KAY, B AHMED, F KHAN, MR VANLOON, FPL SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J AF CLEMENS, J SACK, D RAO, M CHAKRABORTY, J KAY, B AHMED, F KHAN, MR VANLOON, FPL SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J TI THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF CHOLERA VACCINE TRIALS - RECENT LESSONS FROM BANGLADESH SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD TRIAL; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; LATIN-AMERICA; FOLLOW-UP; B-SUBUNIT; EPIDEMIC; RISK AB The recent spread of cholera to Latin America, together with the persistent burden of this disease in Asia and Africa, have stimulated efforts to evaluate new cholera vaccines in field settings. Although the standard experimental paradigm for vaccine field trials is well established, the success of these trials will also depend on suitable consideration of the epidemiology of cholera and of cholera vaccination in the settings under study. Epidemiological studies done in Bangladesh emphasize the importance of appreciating the poorly predictable, multifocal occurrence of cholera in estimating a probable incidence of cholera for a field trial. They also underscore how the filtering effect of enrolling subjects into a prospective trial can dramatically reduce the available population for study, and can yield a study sample whose expected risk of cholera differs markedly from that for the source population. Finally, the data highlight the subtle effects that the mode of surveillance and the choice of an outcome definition can have upon protective efficacy, and emphasize the need for subgroup analyses that address the distinctive variations in vaccine protection that may occur in subjects differing in age and in ABO blood groups, and in subjects exposed to classical versus El Tor cholera. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES,BANGLADESH,BANGLADESH. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. GOTHENBURG UNIV,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CLEMENS, J (reprint author), NICHHD,DIV EPIDEMIOL STATS & PREVENT RES,G100 EXECUT BLVD,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 724 EP 730 DI 10.1093/ije/22.4.724 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LU482 UT WOS:A1993LU48200023 PM 8225749 ER PT J AU DIPIETRO, L ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF STUNKARD, AJ AF DIPIETRO, L ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF STUNKARD, AJ TI DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND BODY-WEIGHT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Letter ID NATIONAL COHORT; SMOKING; ADULTS; GAIN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. RP DIPIETRO, L (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,OBES RES GRP,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 17 IS 8 BP 485 EP 485 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LP911 UT WOS:A1993LP91100011 PM 8401753 ER PT J AU NWANYANWU, OC NAHLEN, BL STEHRGREEN, JK BERKELMAN, RL AF NWANYANWU, OC NAHLEN, BL STEHRGREEN, JK BERKELMAN, RL TI AIDS CASES WITH WASTING SYNDROME WHO MEET THE CDC SURVEILLANCE CRITERIA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter RP NWANYANWU, OC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 6 IS 8 BP 966 EP 967 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LM633 UT WOS:A1993LM63300017 PM 8315581 ER PT J AU MCLEAN, RG UBICO, SR HUGHES, CAN ENGSTROM, SM JOHNSON, RC AF MCLEAN, RG UBICO, SR HUGHES, CAN ENGSTROM, SM JOHNSON, RC TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI FROM BLOOD OF A BIRD CAPTURED IN THE SAINT-CROIX RIVER VALLEY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE AGENT; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; UNITED-STATES; SYRIAN-HAMSTERS; IXODIDAE; INFECTION; WISCONSIN; TICKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Field investigations were conducted to further evaluate the. role of birds in the maintenance and dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi. Blood specimens were taken from 39 passerine birds of 17 species captured during June 1991 at the Saint Croix National Riverway in Wisconsin, and one isolate, WI91-23, was cultured from an adult song sparrow (Melospiza melodia). This isolate was shown to be infectious for Peromyscus leucopus and Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster). Isolate WI91-23 was confirmed as B. burgdorferi by immunofluorescence assay by using species-specific anti-OspA monoclonal antibodies H3TS and H5332 and anti-OspB antibody H5TS. Isolate WI91-23 was compared with Borrelia anserina Es, Borrelia hermsii MAN-1, and other B. burgdorferi strains (ATCC 53210, CT-1, and Catharus fuscescens [veery] liver 10293). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of in situ-lysed spirochetes revealed that the DNA plasmid profile of WI91-23 was most similar to those of plasmids from B. burgdorferi and most different from those of plasmids from B. anserina and B. hermsii. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that the protein profile of WI91-23 was like that of other B. burgdorferi strains studied, with dominant proteins corresponding to OspA and OspB, and that it differed from the protein profiles of B. anserina and B. hermsii. These findings indicate that passerine birds may serve as reservoirs for B. burgdorferi. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP MCLEAN, RG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR34744] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2038 EP 2043 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM795 UT WOS:A1993LM79500014 PM 8370728 ER PT J AU FARMER, JJ CARTER, GP WACHSMUTH, IK MILLER, VL FALKOW, S AF FARMER, JJ CARTER, GP WACHSMUTH, IK MILLER, VL FALKOW, S TI IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC SEROTYPES OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP FARMER, JJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2248 EP 2249 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM795 UT WOS:A1993LM79500060 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA MACLAFFERTY, L AF DESENCLOS, JCA MACLAFFERTY, L TI COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK OF HEPATITIS A LINKED TO CHILDREN IN DAY-CARE-CENTERS AND WITH INCREASED TRANSMISSION IN YOUNG-ADULT MEN IN FLORIDA 1988-9 SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; CENTERS; EPIDEMIC AB Study Objective-To investigate a community wide outbreak of hepatitis A (HA). Design-Description of the outbreak, with a case-control study to assess transmission. Setting-A Florida county, USA, 1988-9. Subjects-A total of 311 cases of HA. Measurements and main results-A 13 month outbreak of HA is described. Most of the 311 cases (95%) were residents of a large metropolitan area (attack rate per 10 000 population (AR)=3.7) and two smaller cities (AR=61.5 and AR=6.4). The ARs were greater for males than females and for residents aged 25-34 years (9.7) and <5 years (8.3). Altogether 37% of cases were linked to day care centres, independent of the city of residence. A household case-control study showed an increased risk of HA in households in which a child attended a day care centre (p=0.02), and centres that could take more than SO children had an increased risk of HA introduction than smaller ones (p=0.05). Conclusions-Day care centres were an important source of HA in the community, and the need for timely surveillance and immunoglobin prophylaxis is emphasised. Homosexual transmission may have played an important role in this outbreak. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,DIS CONTROL,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1136/jech.47.4.269 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LT074 UT WOS:A1993LT07400005 PM 8228760 ER PT J AU BLACK, RA ROTA, PA GORODKOVA, N CRAMER, A KLENK, HD KENDAL, AP AF BLACK, RA ROTA, PA GORODKOVA, N CRAMER, A KLENK, HD KENDAL, AP TI PRODUCTION OF THE M2-PROTEIN OF INFLUENZA-A VIRUS IN INSECT CELLS IS ENHANCED IN THE PRESENCE OF AMANTADINE SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; M2 PROTEIN; HEMAGGLUTININ; PH; RIMANTADINE; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; SURFACE; CHANNEL; FORMS AB Recombinant baculoviruses that express the M2 protein from the genes of either the amantadine-sensitive, influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 virus or a laboratory-derived, amantadine-resistant mutant of this virus were constructed. Addition of amantadine or rimantadine at 2 mug/ml to cultures of Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant baculoviruses increased the yield of the M2 protein from the amantadine-sensitive virus approximately 10-fold, but did not increase the yield of the M2 protein from the amantadine-resistant virus. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the increased production of M2 in the presence of amantadine resulted in increased cell surface expression of the M2 protein. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that whereas the rate of synthesis of the M2 protein increased in the presence of amantadine, the M2 protein was stable in both the presence and absence of amantadine. Addition of amantadine to Sf9 cells as late as 72 h after infection with the recombinant virus increased the production of M2 protein. These data suggest that the M2 protein exerts some biological activity in Sf9 cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ACAD SCI,INST MICROBIOL,RIGA,LATVIA. UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 74 BP 1673 EP 1677 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-8-1673 PN 8 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LQ264 UT WOS:A1993LQ26400027 PM 8345358 ER PT J AU BHAN, MK LEW, JF SAZAWAL, S DAS, BK GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI AF BHAN, MK LEW, JF SAZAWAL, S DAS, BK GENTSCH, JR GLASS, RI TI PROTECTION CONFERRED BY NEONATAL ROTAVIRUS INFECTION AGAINST SUBSEQUENT ROTAVIRUS DIARRHEA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YOUNG-CHILDREN; 4TH GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES AB A cohort of newborns in New Delhi who were nosocomially infected with rotavirus during their first days of life were followed twice weekly for 14-23 months to determine whether neonatal infection protected them against subsequent episodes of rotavirus diarrhea. Infection occurred in 60% by the fourth day of life, was asymptomatic, and was caused predominantly by an unusual rotavirus strain (G9 P11) not previously identified in humans. The 148 children with neonatal rotavirus infection had 46% fewer attacks of rotavirus diarrhea in the follow-up period than the 56 infants without nosocomial infection (0.23 vs. 0.42 episodes/child-year, P < .05). This protection was concentrated among infants in their first year of life and was not associated with a significant decrease in disease severity. Consideration of this strain as a vaccine candidate will require further assessment of its natural protection under field conditions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. NR 28 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 168 IS 2 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LN813 UT WOS:A1993LN81300003 PM 8393054 ER PT J AU SIRIMANNE, SR PATTERSON, DG AF SIRIMANNE, SR PATTERSON, DG TI A ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF (+/-)-(RING C-13(6))-MANDELIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Note DE (+/-)-[RING-C-13(6)]-MANDELIC ACID; [RING C-13(6)]-BENZALDEHYDE; STYRENE; TRIMETHYLSILYL CYANIDE (CYANOTRIMETHYL SILANE); ALPHA[TRIMETHYL)SILYLOXY]-(+/-)-[RING-C-13(6)]-BENZYLNITRILE; POLYESTER RESIN AB A one-pot synthesis of (+/-)-(ring C-13(6))-mandelic acid is reported. [Ring C-13(6)]-benzaldehyde was cyanosilylated with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN)/ZnI2. The resulting cyanosilylated adduct was hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid without purification. The workup involves evaporation to dryness and extraction of the (+/-)-(ring C-13(6))-mandelic acid with hot benzene. After one crystallization, the synthesis produced an overall yield of 65% of (+/-)-(ring C-13(6))-mandelic acid that was about 98% pure by HPLC with UV detection. RP SIRIMANNE, SR (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 8 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.1002/jlcr.2580330808 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA LQ271 UT WOS:A1993LQ27100007 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI KIDS, HEALTH, AND THE MEDIA - WHAT CAN PUBLIC-HEALTH OFFER SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 63 IS 6 BP 273 EP 275 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LU694 UT WOS:A1993LU69400006 PM 8412040 ER PT J AU TUCKER, RA JOHNSON, PR REEVES, WC ICENOGLE, JP AF TUCKER, RA JOHNSON, PR REEVES, WC ICENOGLE, JP TI USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION TO GENOTYPE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNAS IN SAMPLES CONTAINING MULTIPLE HPVS MAY PRODUCE INACCURATE RESULTS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS; SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION FROM MIXED SAMPLES; HPV TYPING ID SOUTHERN BLOT HYBRIDIZATION; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; INFECTION; RISK; WOMEN; HIV; L1 AB Compared with other laboratory techniques, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a simple, rapid, sensitive method for detecting human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical samples. However, since many cervical samples contain multiple HPV types, we decided to investigate whether PCR results from such samples accurately reflected the relative amounts of each HPV type present. Theoretical calculations of product accumulation when multiple DNAs with different amplification efficiencies are present in the same sample were done. In addition a set of samples in which cloned HPV DNAs were mixed in varying proportions prior to PCR was tested. Finally, four clinical samples containing multiple HPV types by hybridization assays were subjected to PCR, using two different primer sets. Each of these lines of investigation showed that selective amplification of one HPV DNA over another can occur when mixed HPV types are present. This effect may lead to inaccurate information regarding both types and relative amounts of HPV DNAs in samples containing multiple HPV types. A protocol to avoid this problem is described. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD AUG PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 321 EP 334 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90150-P PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LR268 UT WOS:A1993LR26800005 PM 8408446 ER PT J AU PARDI, D SWITZER, WM HADLOCK, KG KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB FOLKS, TM AF PARDI, D SWITZER, WM HADLOCK, KG KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB FOLKS, TM TI COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF AN AMERINDIAN HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II) ISOLATE - IDENTIFICATION OF A VARIANT HTLV-II SUBTYPE-B FROM A GUAYMI INDIAN SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; BLOOD-DONORS; INFECTION; PANAMA; PREVALENCE; LYMPHOMA; ABUSERS AB The complete nucleotide sequence of a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) isolate from a Panamanian Guaymi Indian was determined and analyzed. When this new viral isolate (HTLV-II(G12)) was compared with prototypic HTLV-II(MoT), the overall nucleotide sequence similarity was 95.4%, while the predicted amino acid sequence similarity was 97.5%. Although the overall percentage of nucleotide and amino acid identity with prototypic HTLV-II(MoT) (subtype a) was high, HTLV-II(G12) displayed several distinctive features that defined it as an HTLV-II subtype b. However, there were several characteristics unique to this isolate, which included a cluster of nucleotide substitutions in the pre-gag region and changes in restriction enzyme sites within the pre-gag region and the gag, pol, env, and pX genes. In addition, two nucleotide changes in the C terminus of the Tax protein coding sequence inserted an Arg residue for a stop codon and appeared to result in a larger tax gene product in HTLV-II(G12). Although the HTLV-II(G12) isolate appears to be a variant of the prototypic HTIV-IIb, this information represents the first complete nucleotide sequence of any HTLV-II subtype b. These data will allow further studies on the evolutionary relationships between the HTLV-II subtypes and between HTLV-I and HTLV-II. C1 GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. RP PARDI, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 67 IS 8 BP 4659 EP 4664 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM272 UT WOS:A1993LM27200024 PM 8331724 ER PT J AU HART, CE GALPHIN, JC WESTHAFER, MA SCHOCHETMAN, G AF HART, CE GALPHIN, JC WESTHAFER, MA SCHOCHETMAN, G TI TAR LOOP-DEPENDENT HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSACTIVATION REQUIRES FACTORS ENCODED ON HUMAN CHROMOSOME-12 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MEDIATED TRANSACTIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BINDING PROTEIN; NUCLEAR-PROTEIN; RNA SEQUENCES; RODENT CELLS; HIV-1 LTR; TYPE-1; REGION; ELEMENT AB The trans-activator response region (TAR) RNA in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 long terminal repeat forms stem-loop secondary structures in which the loop sequence is essential for trans activation. We investigated how the HIV trans-activation mechanism encoded on human chromosome 12 relates to the TAR RNA loop-dependent pathway. DNA transfection experiments showed that trans activation in human-hamster hybrid cells with the single human chromosome 12 and human T-cell lines was highly dependent on the native sequences of the HIV-1 TAR loop and the HIV-2 5' TAR loop. In nonhuman cell lines or hybrid cells without chromosome 12 that supported trans activation, the cellular mechanism was independent of the HIV-1 TAR loop and the response to mutations in the HIV-2 TAR loops differed from that found in human T-cell lines and human-hamster hybrid cells with chromosome 12. Our results suggest that the human chromosome 12 mechanism interacts directly with the TAR RNA loop or indirectly by regulating TAR RNA-binding proteins. RP HART, CE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH D12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 67 IS 8 BP 5020 EP 5024 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM272 UT WOS:A1993LM27200063 PM 8331737 ER PT J AU ZHOU, MX FINDLEY, HW ZAKI, SR LITTLE, F COFFIELD, LM RAGAB, AH AF ZHOU, MX FINDLEY, HW ZAKI, SR LITTLE, F COFFIELD, LM RAGAB, AH TI EXPRESSION OF MYELOPEROXIDASE MESSENGER-RNA BY LEUKEMIC-CELLS FROM CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PHENOTYPE AB The frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) expressing the myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene and other myeloid-associated characteristics was determined in 26 (20 B-lineage, six T-lineage) children at diagnosis. All cases were diagnosed as ALL by standard morphological and cytochemical criteria. In the 26 cases, leukemic blast cells from four B-lineage and two T-lineage ALL patients were simultaneously expressing myeloid-associated antigens. By Northern blot analysis, MPO mRNA was detected in leukemic cells from five out of six cases expressing both lymphoid and myeloid antigens, and from four out of 16 B-lineage and one out of four T-lineage ALL without myeloid antigens. There was no detectable MPO protein or enzymatic activity in the leukemic cells of these cases as examined by immunocytochemistry and cytochemistry. MPO mRNA expression in ALL cells was significantly associated with age <1 year: leukemic blast cells from all five infant ALL patients expressed MPO mRNA, compared to five out of 21 ALL patients > 1 year of age whose leukemic cells were MPO mRNA(+) (p < 0.01). These results suggest that MPO gene transcription in the absence of translation may characterize a recently described subset of pediatric ALL patients who also express myeloid markers, and may serve as a useful marker for this entity. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZHOU, MX (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT HEMATOL ONCOL,2040 RIDGEWOOD DR NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD AUG PY 1993 VL 7 IS 8 BP 1180 EP 1183 PG 4 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA LU159 UT WOS:A1993LU15900008 PM 8394481 ER PT J AU PHILEN, RM HILL, RH AF PHILEN, RM HILL, RH TI PULMONARY-HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME OR TOXIC OIL SYNDROME - REPLY SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Letter ID FEATURES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH & LAB SCI,TOXICOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP PHILEN, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD AUG PY 1993 VL 68 IS 8 BP 823 EP 824 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LP885 UT WOS:A1993LP88500017 ER PT J AU BLACK, CM TALKINGTON, DF MESSMER, TO FACKLAM, RR HORNES, E OLSVIK, O AF BLACK, CM TALKINGTON, DF MESSMER, TO FACKLAM, RR HORNES, E OLSVIK, O TI DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCAL PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN GENES BY A NESTED POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; STREPTOCOCCAL PYROGENIC EXOTOXINS; GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GROUP-A; PYOGENES C1 NORWEGIAN COLL VET MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,OSLO 1,NORWAY. RP BLACK, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BLDG 5-310,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD AUG PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1993.1038 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA LT101 UT WOS:A1993LT10100001 PM 8232341 ER PT J AU MORATA, TC DUNN, DE KRETSCHMER, LW LEMASTERS, GK KEITH, RW AF MORATA, TC DUNN, DE KRETSCHMER, LW LEMASTERS, GK KEITH, RW TI EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ORGANIC-SOLVENTS AND NOISE ON HEARING SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE AUDITORY SYSTEM; INTERACTION; PAINT MANUFACTURING; ROTOGRAVURE PRINTERS; TOLUENE; XYLENE ID TOLUENE-INDUCED OTOTOXICITY; RATS; CEREBELLAR; WORKERS AB This study explored the effects of occupational exposure to solvents and noise on hearing. Interviews and hearing tests were conducted for printing and paint manufacturing workers. The experimental groups included unexposed (N = 50) workers and workers exposed to noise (N = 50), noise and toluene (N = 51), or an organic solvent mixture (N = 39). The risk of hearing loss was greater for the exposed groups than for the unexposed group. The adjusted relative risk estimates were four times greater [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4-12.2] for the noise group, 11 times greater (95% CI 4.1-28.9) for the noise and toluene group, and five times greater (95% CI 1.4-17.5) for the solvent-mixture group. The findings suggest that exposure to the studied solvents had a toxic effect on the auditory system and that an interaction between noise and toluene took place. The audiological results of the noise and toluene group suggest a central auditory pathway involvement in the hearing losses observed. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT COMMUN SCI & DISORDERS,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. UNIV CINCINNATI,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. RP MORATA, TC (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,BIOACOUST & OCCUPAT VIBRAT SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009 NR 44 TC 124 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 5 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 245 EP 254 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LU640 UT WOS:A1993LU64000004 PM 8235513 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF FUKUDA, K KAPLAN, JE AF KHABBAZ, RF FUKUDA, K KAPLAN, JE TI GUIDELINES FOR COUNSELING HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I)-INFECTED AND HTLV TYPE-II-INFECTED PERSONS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 1993 VL 33 IS 8 BP 694 EP 694 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33893342756.x PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA LR537 UT WOS:A1993LR53700016 PM 8342241 ER PT J AU PELLETT, PE SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D DOMINGUEZ, G BLACK, JB ANTON, E GREENAMOYER, C DAMBAUGH, TR AF PELLETT, PE SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D DOMINGUEZ, G BLACK, JB ANTON, E GREENAMOYER, C DAMBAUGH, TR TI A STRONGLY IMMUNOREACTIVE VIRION PROTEIN OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 VARIANT B-STRAIN Z29 - IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GENE AND MAPPING OF A VARIANT-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY REACTIVE EPITOPE SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES; GROWTH-PROPERTIES; GLYCOPROTEIN-H; SEQUENCE; GENOME; DNA; PHOSPHOPROTEINS; ACTIVATION C1 BIOKIT SA,BARCELONA,SPAIN. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. RP PELLETT, PE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 195 IS 2 BP 521 EP 531 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1403 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM714 UT WOS:A1993LM71400023 PM 7687803 ER PT J AU BRON, R KENDAL, AP KLENK, HD WILSCHUT, J AF BRON, R KENDAL, AP KLENK, HD WILSCHUT, J TI ROLE OF THE M2 PROTEIN IN INFLUENZA-VIRUS MEMBRANE-FUSION - EFFECTS OF AMANTADINE AND MONENSIN ON FUSION KINETICS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID A VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; VESICLES; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; RIMANTADINE; COMPARTMENT; LIPOSOMES; SURFACE; FORMS C1 UNIV GRONINGEN,DEPT PHYSIOL CHEM,BLOEMSINGEL 10,9712 KZ GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL & IMMUNOL,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG PY 1993 VL 195 IS 2 BP 808 EP 811 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1435 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA LM714 UT WOS:A1993LM71400055 PM 8337846 ER PT J AU ZHENG, LB COLLINS, FH KUMAR, V KAFATOS, FC AF ZHENG, LB COLLINS, FH KUMAR, V KAFATOS, FC TI A DETAILED GENETIC-MAP FOR THE X-CHROMOSOME OF THE MALARIA VECTOR, ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ESTERASE LOCUS; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; COMPLEX; REPEAT AB Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of human malaria in Africa, is responsible for approximately a million deaths per year, mostly of children. Despite its significance in disease transmission, this mosquito has not been studied extensively by genetic or molecular techniques. To facilitate studies on this vector, a genetic map has been developed that covers the X chromosome at an average resolution of 2 centimorgans. This map has been integrated with the chromosome banding pattern and used to localize a recessive, sex-linked mutation (white eye) to within 1 centimorgan of flanking markers. C1 HARVARD UNIV,DEPT CELLULAR & DEV BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. FORTH,INST MOLEC BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,GR-71110 IRAKLION,GREECE. UNIV CRETE,DEPT BIOL,GR-71110 IRAKLION,GREECE. CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 30 PY 1993 VL 261 IS 5121 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1126/science.8342025 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LP728 UT WOS:A1993LP72800038 PM 8342025 ER PT J AU BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W SANDS, L SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR RAY, B HENDRICKS, KA SIMPSON, DM HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE BOHAN, P AF BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W SANDS, L SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR RAY, B HENDRICKS, KA SIMPSON, DM HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE BOHAN, P TI UPDATE - HANTAVIRUS INFECTION - UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 517-519, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SVCS,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INDIAN HLTH SVC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NAVAJO NAT DIV HLTH,WINDOW ROCK,AZ. RP BURKHARDT, MJ (reprint author), NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 28 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 4 BP 429 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LN426 UT WOS:A1993LN42600007 ER PT J AU LOUIE, KK PACCAGNELLA, AM OSEI, WD LIOR, H FRANCIS, BJ OSTERHOLM, MT AF LOUIE, KK PACCAGNELLA, AM OSEI, WD LIOR, H FRANCIS, BJ OSTERHOLM, MT TI SALMONELLA SEROTYPE TENNESSEE IN POWDERED MILK-PRODUCTS AND INFANT FORMULA - CANADA AND UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 516-517, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BRITISH COLUMBIA CTR DIS CONTROL,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL LAB ENTER PATHOGENS,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LOUIE, KK (reprint author), BOUNDARY HLTH UNIT,SURREY,BC,CANADA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 28 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 4 BP 432 EP 432 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LN426 UT WOS:A1993LN42600008 ER PT J AU SIMONDS, RJ OXTOBY, MJ CALDWELL, MB GWINN, ML ROGERS, MF AF SIMONDS, RJ OXTOBY, MJ CALDWELL, MB GWINN, ML ROGERS, MF TI PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA AMONG UNITED-STATES CHILDREN WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; SURVIVAL; HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS; SAMPLES; AIDS AB Objective.-To describe epidemiologic characteristics of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to guide prevention efforts. Design.-National acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance of children aged 0 through 12 years, a multisite surveillance study of HIV infection in children aged 0 through 12 years, and the national HIV serosurvey of childbearing women. Setting.-Surveillance conducted by state and local health departments and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1982 through 1992. Results.-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported in 1374 (37%) of 3665 perinatally acquired AIDS cases. Over half of these cases occurred between 3 and 6 months of age. In 183 (64%) of 275 PCP cases reported in the special surveillance study, PCP was the first or only AIDS-defining condition diagnosed, and in 44% of cases, the child had not been evaluated for HIV infection before diagnosis of PCP. The estimated median survival after diagnosis of PCP was 19 months. Conclusions.-Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a common and serious opportunistic infection that affects young children with HIV infection. Effective efforts to prevent PCP in this population will require identification as early as possible of children who may be infected with HIV. RP SIMONDS, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 28 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 4 BP 470 EP 473 DI 10.1001/jama.270.4.470 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LN426 UT WOS:A1993LN42600026 PM 8320786 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ AF TOOLE, MJ TI MILITARY ROLE IN HUMANITARIAN RELIEF IN SOMALIA SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 24 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8865 BP 190 EP 191 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92292-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LN622 UT WOS:A1993LN62200005 PM 8100924 ER PT J AU KOSTER, F LEVY, H MERTZ, G CUSHING, A YOUNG, S FOUCAR, K MCLAUGHLIN, J BRYT, B MERLIN, T ZUMWALT, R MCFEELEY, P NOLTE, K BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM LEVINSON, R YERGER, F ALLAN, B RUBIN, P KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W SANDS, L SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE WHITE, L BOHAN, P AF KOSTER, F LEVY, H MERTZ, G CUSHING, A YOUNG, S FOUCAR, K MCLAUGHLIN, J BRYT, B MERLIN, T ZUMWALT, R MCFEELEY, P NOLTE, K BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM LEVINSON, R YERGER, F ALLAN, B RUBIN, P KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W SANDS, L SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE WHITE, L BOHAN, P TI UPDATE - OUTBREAK OF HANTAVIRUS INFECTION - SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 495-496, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 LOVELACE MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NEW MEXICO DEPT HLTH,SANTA FE,NM. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80220. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. DEPT HLTH,WINDOW ROCK,AR. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INDIAN HLTH SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KOSTER, F (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 3 BP 306 EP 306 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LM435 UT WOS:A1993LM43500008 ER PT J AU HLADY, WG AF HLADY, WG TI ARBOVIRAL DISEASES - UNITED-STATES, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 467-468, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HLADY, WG (reprint author), FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 3 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LM435 UT WOS:A1993LM43500010 ER PT J AU TYLER, CW STANGE, PV NICOLA, RM AF TYLER, CW STANGE, PV NICOLA, RM TI PREVENTIVE MEDICINE - WHAT DOES IT PREVENT SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP TYLER, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 21 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 3 BP 319 EP 319 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LM435 UT WOS:A1993LM43500012 PM 8315768 ER PT J AU MUKADI, Y PERRIENS, JH STLOUIS, ME BROWN, C PRIGNOT, J WILLAME, JC POUTHIER, F KABOTO, M RYDER, RW PORTAELS, F PIOT, P AF MUKADI, Y PERRIENS, JH STLOUIS, ME BROWN, C PRIGNOT, J WILLAME, JC POUTHIER, F KABOTO, M RYDER, RW PORTAELS, F PIOT, P TI SPECTRUM OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN ZAIRE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; COHORT; RISK; DISEASE AB Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection in African patients who die from AIDS, yet the stage of immunodeficiency at which TB develops is uncertain. We studied the immune status of HIV-infected outpatients with pulmonary TB in relation to their clinical presentation in a cross-sectional study of 216 HIV-seropositive and 146 HIV-seronegative ambulatory incident cases of smear-positive and culture-positive pulmonary TB in Kinshasa, Zaire. HIV-seropositive and seronegative patients had median CD4 lymphocyte counts of 316.5/muL and 830.5/muL, respectively. Of the HIV-seropositive patients, 32 9% had less than 200 CD4 lymphocytes/muL, 37% between 200 and 499, and 30.1% 500 or more. Clinical AIDS, as defined by the WHO clinical case-definition ora modified version, was of similar limited use as a predictor of immunodeficiency. Among HIV-seropositive patients, oral candidosis, lymphopenia, a negative tuberculin purified protein derivative test, and cutaneous anergy were strongly associated with CD4 counts of less than 200/muL, and seemed to be better markers of immune dysfunction. We conclude that pulmonary TB develops across a broad spectrum of HIV-induced immunodeficiency and that a diagnosis of pulmonary TB is of limited use as a marker of stage of HIV disease in African HIV-infected outpatients. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. BELGIAN ADM DEV & COOPERAT,BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,MT GODINNE,BELGIUM. BUR NATL TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. CDC,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DEPISTAGE TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 27 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 17 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8864 BP 143 EP 146 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91346-N PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LN042 UT WOS:A1993LN04200012 PM 8101257 ER PT J AU BRYCE, J CUTTS, F NAIMOLI, JF BEESLEY, M AF BRYCE, J CUTTS, F NAIMOLI, JF BEESLEY, M TI WHAT HAVE TEACHERS LEARNT SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH PERSONNEL C1 SAVE CHILDREN FUND,LONDON,ENGLAND. UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED,LONDON WC1E 7HT,ENGLAND. RP BRYCE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,DIV TECH SUPPORT,SOCIAL & BEHAV SCI BRANCH,F-03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 17 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8864 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91352-M PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LN042 UT WOS:A1993LN04200018 PM 8101261 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR MUNSIFF, SS LOW, DE WILLEY, BM WILLIAMS, G FAUR, Y EISNER, W WARREN, S KREISWIRTH, B AF FRIEDEN, TR MUNSIFF, SS LOW, DE WILLEY, BM WILLIAMS, G FAUR, Y EISNER, W WARREN, S KREISWIRTH, B TI EMERGENCE OF VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI IN NEW-YORK-CITY SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID GENTAMICIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TEICOPLANIN; INFECTION; FAECIUM AB Enterococci, a common cause of nosocomial infection, are intrinsically resistant to most antimicrobials and readily acquire additional resistance. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have caused clusters of nosocomial infections since 1988. In April, 1991, the New York City Department of Health asked all city laboratories to submit suspected VRE isolates for confirmation. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the first 100 patients with VRE were identified, and antimicrobial susceptibilty testing, restriction enzyme analysis, and DNA-DNA hybridisation with the vanA gene probe were done. From September, 1989, to October, 1991, 361 patients with VRE were identified at 38 hospitals. The number of hospitals reporting VRE increased from 1 in 1989 to 38 by October, 1991. 98% of 100 VRE infections were nosocomially acquired and 83% patients had received vancomycin and/or a cephalosporin in the 30 days before isolation of VRE. Of 23 isolates from 21 of the first 100 patients, 19 (83%) were resistant to all available antimicrobials. Four vanA probing patterns were noted, and restriction enzyme analysis of the 23 isolates revealed 14 strains. VRE have emerged rapidly in New York City. Molecular analyses suggest that a highly mobile genetic element-eg, a transposon-is responsible for the rapid spread of vancomycin resistance. C1 PRINCESS MARGARET HOSP, DEPT MICROBIOL, TORONTO M4X 1K9, ONTARIO, CANADA. MT SINAI HOSP, DEPT MICROBIOL, TORONTO M5G 1X5, ONTARIO, CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG, NEW YORK, NY 10032 USA. PUBL HLTH RES INST CITY NEW YORK INC, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA. RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH, DIV DIS INTERVENT, 125 WORTH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012 NR 19 TC 238 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 EI 1474-547X J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 10 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8863 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91285-T PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LL789 UT WOS:A1993LL78900009 PM 8100912 ER PT J AU MCFARLAND, JW HICKMAN, C OSTERHOLM, MT MACDONALD, KL AF MCFARLAND, JW HICKMAN, C OSTERHOLM, MT MACDONALD, KL TI EXPOSURE TO MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS DURING AIR-TRAVEL SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT FIELD EPIDEMIOL,BETHESDA,MD. RP MCFARLAND, JW (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,POB 9441,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 4 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 10 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8863 BP 112 EP 113 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91311-9 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LL789 UT WOS:A1993LL78900036 PM 8100876 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL BASSETT, DC YIP, R ALONSO, CR TOOLE, MJ AF HERWALDT, BL BASSETT, DC YIP, R ALONSO, CR TOOLE, MJ TI CRISIS IN SOUTHERN SUDAN - WHERE IS THE WORLD SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 10 PY 1993 VL 342 IS 8863 BP 119 EP 120 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91324-F PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LL789 UT WOS:A1993LL78900050 PM 8100889 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR DOOLEY, SW AF FRIEDEN, TR DOOLEY, SW TI DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW-YORK-CITY - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP FRIEDEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 8 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 2 BP 135 EP 135 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LL196 UT WOS:A1993LL19600017 ER PT J AU KOSTER, F LEVY, H MERTZ, G CUSHING, A YOUNG, S FOUCAR, K MCLAUGHLIN, J BRYT, B MERLIN, T ZUMWALT, R MCFEELEY, P NOLTE, K BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM LEVINSON, R YERGER, F ALLAN, B RUBIN, P SANDS, L KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W GELLERT, G SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE WHITE, L BOHAN, P AF KOSTER, F LEVY, H MERTZ, G CUSHING, A YOUNG, S FOUCAR, K MCLAUGHLIN, J BRYT, B MERLIN, T ZUMWALT, R MCFEELEY, P NOLTE, K BURKHARDT, MJ KALISHMAN, N GALLAHER, M VOORHEES, R SAMUEL, M TANUZ, M SIMPSON, G HUGHES, L UMLAND, E OTY, G NIMS, L SEWELL, CM LEVINSON, R YERGER, F ALLAN, B RUBIN, P SANDS, L KOMATSU, K KIOSKI, C FLEMING, K DOLL, J LEVY, C FINK, TM MURPHY, P ENGLAND, B SMOLINSKI, M ERICKSON, B SLANTA, W GELLERT, G SHILLAM, P HOFFMAN, RE LANSER, S NICHOLS, CR HUBBARDPOURIER, L CHEEK, J CRAIG, A HASKINS, R MUNETA, B TEMPEST, B CARROLL, M SHANDS, LA SARISKY, JP TURNER, RE WHITE, L BOHAN, P TI INFECTIOUS-DISEASES UPDATE - OUTBREAK, HANTAVIRUS INFECTION - SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES, 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 441-443, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HANTAAN C1 LOVELACE MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO 80220. UTAH DEPT HLTH,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,INDIAN HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KOSTER, F (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 7 PY 1993 VL 270 IS 1 BP 25 EP 25 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LK366 UT WOS:A1993LK36600005 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD LEUNG, K NABEL, GJ FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD LEUNG, K NABEL, GJ FOLKS, TM TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION IN HIV-1-INFECTED CELLS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE LATENT INDUCIBLE HIV-1 INFECTION; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR; AGONISTIC ANTAGONISTIC ANTIBODIES; NF-ALEPH-B ACTIVITY ID NF-KAPPA-B; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; FACTOR-ALPHA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TNF RECEPTOR; ACTIVATION; INDUCTION; BINDING; INFECTION AB Objective: To examine the inter-relationship between HIV-1 infection and the cell surface receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, an immunoregulatory cytokine that can enhance HIV-1 replication. Design: Infected promyelocytic and promonocytic cells were examined because they normally express both types of TNF receptors. Methods: TNF receptor surface expression was determined by specific monoclonal antibody recognition and flow cytometry, and signal transduction was detected by gel shift analysis. HIV-1 activation and expression was quantitated by reverse transcriptase assay. Results: In the OM-10.1 promyelocytic model of chronic infection, TNF-alpha-induced HIV-1 expression also resulted in a substantial increase in 75 kd TNF receptor (TR75) expression although 55 kD TNF receptor (TR55) levels were not dramatically altered. A series of uninfected parental HL-60 subclones all reduced TR75 surface expression in response to TNF-alpha treatment. Enhanced TR75 expression on OM-10.1 cells followed the same TNF-alpha-dose dependency as that observed for HIV-1 production. An increase in TR75 expression was also evident during the peak of an acute HIV-1 infection of HL-60 promyelocytes. Although TR55 expression was unaltered during TNF-alpha-induced HIV activation, this receptor was still involved in the viral activation process. Antibody cross-linking of TR55, in the absence of exogenous TNF-alpha, induced maximal HIV-1 expression, an up-modulation of surface TR75, and nuclear NF-kappaB activity in OM-10.1 cultures. Surprisingly, this was the case even when an antagonistic anti-TR55 antibody was used. Anti-TR55 antibody cross-linking in chronically infected U1 promonocytic cultures could only partially substitute for TNF-alpha-induced HIV-1 expression. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that HIV-1 infection can selectively influence the surface expression of TNF receptors, potentially influencing its own expression and altering normal immunoregulatory signal transduction. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP BUTERA, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP 911 EP 918 DI 10.1097/00002030-199307000-00002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LL492 UT WOS:A1993LL49200002 PM 8395188 ER PT J AU LACKRITZ, EM RUEBUSH, TK ZUCKER, JR ADUNGOSI, JE WERE, JBO CAMPBELL, CC AF LACKRITZ, EM RUEBUSH, TK ZUCKER, JR ADUNGOSI, JE WERE, JBO CAMPBELL, CC TI BLOOD-TRANSFUSION PRACTICES AND BLOOD-BANKING SERVICES IN A KENYAN HOSPITAL SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE BLOOD TRANSFUSION; HIV; AIDS; PREVENTION; KENYA; AFRICA ID HIV; KINSHASA; ZAIRE; SEROPOSITIVITY; CHILDREN AB Objectives: To identify ways to improve the operation of blood-screening programs and to decrease the inappropriate use of blood by evaluating blood-transfusion practices and blood-banking services in a Kenyan hospital. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: The study was conducted in a rural district hospital in western Kenya between September 1990 and July 1991. Methods: We collected data on all transfusion requests (blood donation, grouping, HIV screening) and blood recipients (age, sex, diagnosis, and for a 3-month period on the pediatric, maternity, and female wards, admission hemoglobin and outcome). Results: During the 11-month study period, 799 patients received 927 transfusions: 67% were children < 15 years of age, 27% were adult women and 6% were adult men. Transfusions were often delayed due to reliance on patient-recruited donors. Patients who received blood donated on or after the date of request waited longer for transfusion (median, 3 days) than patients who received blood that had been banked and screened before the request (median, 1 day). Patient-recruited donors had a higher HIV-seropositivity rate than volunteer donors (13.4 and 4.6%, respectively; chi2 test, P < 0.001). Overall, 47% of pediatric transfusions were classified as inappropriate: 23% did not meet the criteria of having hemoglobin <5.0 g/dl and clinical evidence of respiratory distress, and 27% were transfused 2 or more days after requested. Among adults, 68% received one unit of blood or less. Conclusions: Improved laboratory services, reduction of unnecessary transfusions, and increased recruitment of volunteer donors are critical for improving the appropriate and timely use of blood and reducing transfusion-associated HIV transmission. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. SIAYA DIST HOSP,SIAYA,KENYA. RP LACKRITZ, EM (reprint author), CTRS DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MS F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1993 VL 7 IS 7 BP 995 EP 999 DI 10.1097/00002030-199307000-00014 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LL492 UT WOS:A1993LL49200014 PM 8357559 ER PT J AU POTTS, KE KALISH, ML BANDEA, CI ORLOFF, GM STLOUIS, M BROWN, C MALANDA, N KAVUKA, M SCHOCHETMAN, G OU, CY HEYWARD, WL AF POTTS, KE KALISH, ML BANDEA, CI ORLOFF, GM STLOUIS, M BROWN, C MALANDA, N KAVUKA, M SCHOCHETMAN, G OU, CY HEYWARD, WL TI GENETIC DIVERSITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 STRAINS IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ENVELOPE GENE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; VARIABLE REGIONS; HIV-1; DETERMINANT; EPITOPE; GLYCOPROTEIN AB The envelope (env) gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 14 HIV-1-infected women from Kinshasa, Zaire. Amplified DNA was directly sequenced with a primer specific for the HIV-1 env C2 region. The predicted amino acid sequences for the C2-V3 region for the 14 specimens are presented. The tetrapeptide sequence, GPGQ, located at the crown of the V3 loop, is conserved in all specimens. The same tetrapeptide sequence is present in the Zairian isolate MAL, but not in other published Zairian isolates (Z6, ELI, Z321, JY1, and NDK). Sequence comparison of the env C2-V3 region among the 14 specimens from Kinshasa revealed a 9-25 % range of nucleotide divergence, with an average of 16 %. Divergence between the 14 specimens and the Zairian isolates MAL, Z6, ELI, Z321, JY1, and NDK ranged from 13 to 31 %. A range of 18-28 % nucleotide sequence divergence was demonstrated between the 14 Kinshasa specimens and the North American isolate MN. These results demonstrate the importance of examining HIV-1 samples from diverse geographic origins in the development of effective HIV-1 vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G15,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,WASHINGTON,DC. PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-8003] NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 9 IS 7 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1089/aid.1993.9.613 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LQ607 UT WOS:A1993LQ60700005 PM 8369166 ER PT J AU ORLOFF, GM KALISH, ML CHIPHANGWI, J POTTS, KE OU, CY SCHOCHETMAN, G DALLABETTA, G SAAH, AI MIOTTI, PG AF ORLOFF, GM KALISH, ML CHIPHANGWI, J POTTS, KE OU, CY SCHOCHETMAN, G DALLABETTA, G SAAH, AI MIOTTI, PG TI V3 LOOPS OF HIV-1 SPECIMENS FROM PREGNANT-WOMEN IN MALAWI UNIFORMLY LACK A POTENTIAL N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION SITE SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Note C1 SEARLE RES & DEV,ST LOUIS,MO 63198. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,INFECT DIS PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. MED COLL MALAWI,BLANTYRE,MALAWI. RP ORLOFF, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [N01-A1-8003, P01-A1-26499] NR 7 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 9 IS 7 BP 705 EP 706 DI 10.1089/aid.1993.9.705 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LQ607 UT WOS:A1993LQ60700018 PM 8369176 ER PT J AU MATTE, TD MULINARE, J ERICKSON, JD AF MATTE, TD MULINARE, J ERICKSON, JD TI CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF CONGENITAL-DEFECTS AND PARENTAL EMPLOYMENT IN HEALTH-CARE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; NURSING; TERATOGENS; HEALTH CARE OCCUPATIONS ID ANESTHETIC-GASES; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; MALFORMATIONS; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OCCUPATION; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE AB Health care workers may be occupationally exposed to known and suspected teratogens including viruses, anesthetic gases, sterilants, mercury, and x-radiation. To assess the risk of congenital defects among offspring of health care workers, we analyzed parental occupational histories for 4,915 case babies with congenital defects, registered during the years 1968-1980 by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) registry, and for 3,027 control babies born without defects during the same period. Offspring of mothers employed in a nursing occupation during the periconceptional period had a modest excess risk of having at least one congenital defect (relative risk [RR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.88); the offspring were at statistically significant increased risk of having anencephaly or spina bifida (RR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.01-4.30), coarctation of the aorta (RR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.10-3.82), genital system defects (RR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.03-2.53), and urinary system defects (RR = 3.43; 95% CI 1.41-8.34). These associations were not confounded by maternal age, education, or alcohol consumption. Offspring of mothers employed in administrative or clerical jobs in the health care industry also had a modest excess risk of defects (RR = 1.35; 95% CI 0.96-1.90), including a statistically significant excess risk of limb defects. We also found associations between neural tube defects and potential exposure to anesthetic gases and to x-radiation, but each association was based on only three case babies of potentially exposed parents. We found no associations between defects and paternal health care employment, except for a few individual defects, and these were based on small numbers of exposed subjects. Only one of five previous studies reviewed found an increased risk of congenital defects among offspring of nurses, but three of the four negative studies had substantially smaller sample sizes than the present study. Detection bias may be a possible explanation for the apparent excess risk of certain defects among offspring of nurses. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 24 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700240103 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LJ360 UT WOS:A1993LJ36000002 PM 8352290 ER PT J AU RIDUAN, JM HILLIER, SL UTOMO, B WIKNJOSASTRO, G LINNAN, M KANDUN, N AF RIDUAN, JM HILLIER, SL UTOMO, B WIKNJOSASTRO, G LINNAN, M KANDUN, N TI BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND PREMATURITY IN INDONESIA - ASSOCIATION IN EARLY AND LATE PREGNANCY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; PREMATURITY; CHORIOAMNIONITIS ID INFECTION; CHORIOAMNIONITIS AB OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the association between preterm delivery and bacterial vaginosis in early and late pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 490 pregnant women at three hospitals in Jakarta. Indonesia, for bacterial vaginosis at 16 to 20 weeks' and 28 to 32 weeks' gestation and observed them through delivery. RESULTS: We found significant associations between preterm delivery (gestational age <37 weeks) and bacterial vaginosis diagnosed at 16 to 20 weeks' gestation (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 3.9) but not with bacterial vaginosis diagnosed at 28 to 32 weeks' gestation (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 3.0). The rates of preterm delivery were almost doubled for women who had bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy (20.5%) as compared with women who had bacterial vaginosis only in late pregnancy (10.7%). CONCLUSION: Only bacterial vaginosis diagnosed early in the second trimester of pregnancy plays a major role as a risk factor for preterm delivery. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV INDONESIA,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. UNIV INDONESIA,CTR HLTH RES,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. MINIST HLTH,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. RP RIDUAN, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 169 IS 1 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LN987 UT WOS:A1993LN98700037 PM 8333449 ER PT J AU DAVIS, SF STREBEL, PM ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE SUTTER, RW SCANLON, KS FRIEDMAN, S HADLER, SC AF DAVIS, SF STREBEL, PM ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE SUTTER, RW SCANLON, KS FRIEDMAN, S HADLER, SC TI REPORTING EFFICIENCY DURING A MEASLES OUTBREAK IN NEW-YORK-CITY, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; NOTIFICATION; MORTALITY; RUBELLA AB Objectives. During an epidemic of measles among preschool children in New York City, an investigation was conducted in 12 city hospitals to estimate reporting efficiency of measles to the New York City Department of Health. Methods. Measles cases were identified by review of hospital emergency room and infection control logs and health department surveillance records. The Chandra Sekar Deming method was used (1) to estimate the total number of measles cases in persons less than 19 years old who presented to the 12 hospitals from January through March 1991 and (2) to estimate reporting efficiency. Information on mechanisms for reporting measles cases was collected from hospital infection control coordinators. Results. The Chandra Sekar Deming method estimated that 1487 persons with measles presented to the 12 hospitals during the study period. The overall reporting efficiency was 45% (range = 19% to 83%). All 12 hospitals had passive surveillance for measles; 2 also had an active component. These 2 hospitals had the first and third highest measles reporting efficiencies. Conclusions. The reporting efficiency of measles cases by New York City hospitals to the health department was low, indicating that the magnitude of the outbreak was substantially greater than suggested by the number of reported cases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR PREVENTABLE DIS,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1011 EP 1015 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.7.1011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LN036 UT WOS:A1993LN03600017 PM 8328595 ER PT J AU LEWIS, CE RACZYNSKI, JM HEATH, GW LEVINSON, R CUTTER, GR AF LEWIS, CE RACZYNSKI, JM HEATH, GW LEVINSON, R CUTTER, GR TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY OF PUBLIC-HOUSING RESIDENTS IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; COLON CANCER; FITNESS; HEALTH; EXERCISE; RISK; MORTALITY; SAMPLE AB Objectives. Because few data are available concerning physical activity among minority and low-income persons, we characterized physical activity patterns among public housing residents. Methods. Two separate cross-sectional surveys were conducted 1 year apart of randomly selected residents of eight rental communities administered by the housing authority of Birmingham, Ala. Indigenous interviewers completed 687 interviews in survey 1 and 599 in survey 2. Results. In both surveys, respondents were most frequently young adult African-American women, reflecting the predominance of women in these communities. Participants were generally poorly educated and either unemployed or working in service occupations. Thirty percent of the respondents in both surveys reported no participation in any of 13 physical activities in the previous year; approximately half reported activity levels equivalent to or less than walking 4 hours per week for 8 months of the year. Respondents who were younger and male were significantly more likely to have higher activity levels. Conclusions. A sedentary lifestyle is common among this low-income minority group, and, thus, interventions to promote exercise in these communities are needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, ATLANTA, GA USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MED, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, DIV BIOSTAT, MEMPHIS, TN 38101 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU403427-02] NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1993 VL 83 IS 7 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.7.1016 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LN036 UT WOS:A1993LN03600018 PM 8328596 ER PT J AU CONNOLLY, BM JENSON, AB PETERS, CJ GEYER, SJ BARTH, JF MCPHERSON, RA AF CONNOLLY, BM JENSON, AB PETERS, CJ GEYER, SJ BARTH, JF MCPHERSON, RA TI PATHOGENESIS OF PICHINDE VIRUS-INFECTION IN STRAIN-13 GUINEA-PIGS - AN IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL, VIROLOGICAL, AND CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID END-PRODUCT; SILVER INTENSIFICATION; PEROXIDASE REACTION; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PATHOLOGY; HAMSTERS AB Pichinde virus has been adapted to produce lethal infection of Strain 13 guinea pigs. Viral replication and presence of viral antigen in frozen tissues stained by immunofluorescence has been previously described. Further investigation into the pathogenesis of this disease has been hampered by the lack of a light microscopic method for correlating histologic lesions and the presence of Pichinde viral antigens. For this purpose, we developed a sensitive immunocytochemical technique for staining Pichinde viral antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Enhancement of the immunocytochemical staining with nickel chloride markedly improved detection of viral antigens. We examined frozen and formalin-fixed tissues from Strain 13 guinea pigs for viral antigens by light microscopy and immunocytochemistry at various intervals after infection with Pichinde virus. Progressive involvement of different tissues correlated with organ injury measured by serum biochemical abnormalities. Pichinde viral antigen was first detected in splenic macrophages five days after infection and their subsequent destruction facilitated persistent viremia. The inability to clear virus led to multiple organ infection and vascular involvement. Ensuing infections involved particularly the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, lungs, and intestines. Gastroenteritis developed, with extensive involvement of the muscularis mucosa throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Water and food intake decreased rapidly after day 8, leading to marked weight loss. Fatty changes of the liver suggested metabolic derangement that was further exacerbated terminally by adrenal infection and pulmonary impairment. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA USA. SCRIPPS RES INST, SCRIPPS IMMUNOL REFERENCE LAB, LA JOLLA, CA USA. USA, MED RES INST INFECT DIS, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA. SCRIPPS CLIN & RES FDN, DEPT PATHOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. RP CONNOLLY, BM (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20007 USA. OI Geyer, Stefan/0000-0003-1746-9019 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 10 EP 24 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LU313 UT WOS:A1993LU31300002 PM 8394659 ER PT J AU MARFIN, AA BLEED, DM LOFGREN, JP OLIN, AC SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC MOORE, PS KARABATSOS, N TSAI, TF AF MARFIN, AA BLEED, DM LOFGREN, JP OLIN, AC SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC MOORE, PS KARABATSOS, N TSAI, TF TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF A ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS EPIDEMIC IN JEFFERSON COUNTY ARKANSAS, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAK; VIRUS AB In 1991, the first epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) ever reported in Arkansas resulted in 25 cases in Pine Bluff (attack rate: 44 per 100,000; 95% confidence interval [CI] 28-65). To identify risk factors for SLE viral infection and risk factors for neuroinvasive illness, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional study of noninfected and asymptomatically infected persons and a case-control study of asymptomatically and symptomatically infected persons. The SLE viral infection rate was similar in all age groups and in all studied census tracts. Risk factors for asymptomatic infection included: living in a low income household (relative risk [RR] = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0), sitting outside in the evening (RR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0-4.8), and living in homes with porches (RR = 2.9, 95% CI 0.9-9.3) or near open storm drains (RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-4.9). Compared with asymptomatically infected persons, symptomatic persons were older (odds ratio [OR] for age greater-than-or-equal-to 55 years = 13.0, 95% CI 1.2-334) and more likely to have a previous history of hypertension (OR = 8.5, 95% CI 1.1-72). Our results indicate that advanced age is the most important risk factor for developing encephalitis after infection with SLE virus. Hypertension and vascular disease may predispose to neuroinvasive disease, but this epidemiologic study has not ruled out the confounding effects of age. C1 ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR. RP MARFIN, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LU313 UT WOS:A1993LU31300004 PM 8352389 ER PT J AU SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC MOORE, CG MITCHELL, CJ TOWNSEND, M MARFIN, AA AF SAVAGE, HM SMITH, GC MOORE, CG MITCHELL, CJ TOWNSEND, M MARFIN, AA TI ENTOMOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF AN EPIDEMIC OF ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS IN PINE-BLUFF, ARKANSAS, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; MOSQUITOS; TRAP AB An epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) occurred in Jefferson County, Arkansas during July-August 1991. At least 26 human cases were involved, with 25 cases in the town of Pine Bluff. Twelve isolates of SLE virus were obtained from mosquitoes collected in Pine Bluff between August 13 and 24: 11 from pools of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 1.6 per 1,000 (n = 6,768) for this subspecies, and one isolate from a pool of 22 mosquitoes identified as Cx. (Culex) spp. Three of the SLE-positive pools, two from Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and one from Cx. (Cux.) spp., also yielded isolates of Flanders virus. Larval surveys resulted in the collection of seven species in four genera from 28 larva-positive habitats and the identification of one significant site of Cx. p. quinquefasciatus production. Ecologic assessments conducted at 12 randomly selected residences resulted in the identification of 17 larva-positive habitats, for an average mosquito-positive habitat rate of 1.4 per residence, and a Cx. p. quinquefasciatus larva-positive habitat rate of 0.6 per residence. Aedes albopictus and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus were the species most frequently encountered in larval surveys in residential neighborhoods. C1 JEFFERSON CTY HLTH DEPT,PINE BLUFF,AR 71611. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ARBOVIRUS DIS BRANCH,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. RP SAVAGE, HM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LU313 UT WOS:A1993LU31300005 PM 8352390 ER PT J AU MCLEAN, RG KIRK, LJ SHRINER, RB TOWNSEND, M AF MCLEAN, RG KIRK, LJ SHRINER, RB TOWNSEND, M TI AVIAN HOSTS OF ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS IN PINE-BLUFF, ARKANSAS, 1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY PREVALENCE; EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK AB An investigation of the extent of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus activity in the avian population in Pine Bluff, Arkansas was conducted from August 30, 1991 through September 5, 199 1, following an SLE epidemic that resulted in 25 human cases. A total of 363 birds of 33 species were captured with ground-level mist nets at four sites along the northern edge of the city. No viruses were isolated from the serum of these birds, but 91 birds (25%) of 11 species had detectable neutralizing antibody against the TBH-28 strain of SLE virus in the constant-virus, serum-dilution, plaque-reduction neutralization test in Vero cell culture. No antibody to eastern equine encephalitis virus was detected. The prevalence of antibody to SLE virus varied among the sites from 11% to 44%, but the prevalence at each site was influenced by the avian species composition. The two most abundant species captured in the city, the American robin (43%) and house sparrow (42%), also had the highest prevalence of antibody. Nine other bird species were serologically positive but at significantly lower rates than for the abundant species. The antibody prevalence was higher in immature birds (27%) than in adult birds (15%), but the antibody titers were higher in adult birds than in immature ones. The overall SLE antibody prevalence and the prevalence for house sparrows were significantly higher than the average prevalence for avian hosts studied during previous SLE epidemics. Therefore, house sparrows would be a good choice for a local sentinel species. C1 JEFFERSON CTY HLTH DEPT,PINE BLUFF,AR. RP MCLEAN, RG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LU313 UT WOS:A1993LU31300006 PM 8352391 ER PT J AU MITCHELL, CJ LVOV, SD SAVAGE, HM CALISHER, CH SMITH, GC LVOV, DK GUBLER, DJ AF MITCHELL, CJ LVOV, SD SAVAGE, HM CALISHER, CH SMITH, GC LVOV, DK GUBLER, DJ TI VECTOR AND HOST RELATIONSHIPS OF CALIFORNIA SEROGROUP VIRUSES IN WESTERN SIBERIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; FEEDING PATTERNS; CULICIDAE; INFECTIONS; FLORIDA; SWEDEN; BIRDS; USSR AB During 1990 and 1991, adult mosquitoes were collected along the Ob River and its tributaries in western Siberia from approximately 51-degrees-18'N to 66-degrees-4'N. Fifteen virus strains were isolated from 74,196 mosquitoes tested in 1,874 pools. These included Tahyna virus from Aedes cataphylla-punctor subgroup (one) and Ae. excrucians (one), and Inkoo (INK) virus from Ae. communis (one), Ae. communis subgroup (one), Ae. hexodontus (two), Ae. punctor subgroup (two), Ae. punctor complex (one), and unidentified Aedes species (three). In addition, a single Ae. euedes yielded a strain of snowshoe hare (SSH) virus and a strain of Getah, an alphavirus. A Bunyamwera serogroup virus was isolated from Ae. excrucians. With the exception of the two isolates from a single mosquito, minimum infection rates among mosquito taxa ranged from 0.4 to 16.7 per 1,000. The INK virus isolates were widely distributed geographically; however, seven of the 10 isolates were from two sites north of the Arctic Circle. During 1991, sera from two mouse species, five vole species, and four shrew species were collected along the upper Ob River for serologic tests. The prevalence of neutralizing antibody to SSH virus in these sera was 80%. Prevalence rates in the four most abundant species were Apodemus agrarius, 73%; Clethrionomys rutilus, 71%; Microtus arvalis, 80%; and Sorex araneus, 91%. This is the first attempt to clarify the vector and vertebrate host relationships of California serogroup viruses in western Siberia. C1 ACAD MED SCI,GAMALEYA INST EPIDEMIOL & MICROBIOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. RP MITCHELL, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LU313 UT WOS:A1993LU31300007 PM 8352392 ER PT J AU MICHELSON, MK AZZIZ, FA GAMIL, FM WAHID, AA RICHARDS, FO JURANEK, DD HABIB, MA SPENCER, HC AF MICHELSON, MK AZZIZ, FA GAMIL, FM WAHID, AA RICHARDS, FO JURANEK, DD HABIB, MA SPENCER, HC TI RECENT TRENDS IN THE PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN THE NILE DELTA REGION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BEHEIRA GOVERNORATE; CONTROL PROJECT; EGYPT AB ln 1983, a survey of 71 villages in the Nile delta demonstrated that the overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections was 39% and 5%, respectively. Recent increased availability of praziquantel, combined with Egyptian Ministry of Health-sponsored media efforts to educate the public about schistosomiasis, prompted us to determine the current status of S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections in the delta and evaluate any changes that may have occurred since the previous survey. The same villages that participated in the 1983 survey were resampled in 1990. Stool and urine samples were requested from all occupants over the age of two years in a 5% sample of houses within each village. Stool (Kato) thick smears and urine sediments were read qualitatively at the rural health station. Field-prepared Kato smears and a 20% sample of urine specimens were forwarded to the Ministry of Health Laboratory, where quantitative readings were also performed. Analysis of samples obtained from 17,310 persons revealed that S. mansoni prevalence had decreased to 23% and that S. haematobium prevalence had decreased to 3% (P < 0.001). The highest levels of schistosome infection were found in governates located in the eastern section of the delta. The observed changes in the prevalence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium suggest that control measures are having a favorable impact on schistosomiasis transmission in this region. C1 MINIST HLTH CAIRO,CTR FIELD & APPL RES,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP MICHELSON, MK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 49 IS 1 BP 76 EP 87 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LU313 UT WOS:A1993LU31300010 PM 8352395 ER PT J AU GRANDES, G LOPEZDEMUNAIN, J DIAZ, T RULLAN, JV AF GRANDES, G LOPEZDEMUNAIN, J DIAZ, T RULLAN, JV TI DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN PUERTO-RICO, 1987-1990 SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article AB We conducted a proportional morbidity study to determine the factors associated with, patterns of, and proportion of cases of tuberculosis with drug resistance in Puerto Rico. We abstracted data from 279 report forms of new cases of tuberculoses reported to the Puerto Rico Health Department between 1987 and 1990 in which isolates had been tested for drug susceptibility. Overall, 55 (19.7%) of the 279 cases of tuberculosis were resistant to at least one drug, and 27 (9.7%) were resistant to more than one drug. Among the 59 patients with previous tuberculosis therapy, 20 (33.9%) had isolates that were drug-resistant. Among the 220 without previous therapy, 35 (15.9%) had isolates that were drug-resistant. For all 279, resistance to isoniazid (INH) was most common (11.1%) followed by streptomycin (SM) (10%), rifampin (RIF) (43%), ethambutol (EMB) (2.2%), and pyrazidimide (PZA) (1.1%). A history of previous tuberculosis therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.34-5.48) and being born outside the United States and Puerto Rico (OR = 4.76, Cl = 1.69-13,39) were independently associated with drug resistance. Because of the high proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Puerto Rico we recommend (1) that all persons in Puerto Rico in whom tuberculosis is diagnosed should initially receive four-drug therapy (INH, RIF, EMB, and PZA), (2) that susceptibility testing be done on initial Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from all patients, and (3) that those with a history of previous tuberculosis therapy or those who are foreign-born have very careful clinical and microbiologic follow-up. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PUERTO RICO HLTH DEPT,TB CONTROL PROGRAM,CENT OFF AIDS & COMMUNICABLE DIS,SAN JUAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. RI Grandes, Gonzalo/E-3040-2012; grandes, gonzalo/E-1753-2012 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 148 IS 1 BP 6 EP 9 PG 4 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LV447 UT WOS:A1993LV44700002 PM 8317816 ER PT J AU LITZELMAN, DK SLEMENDA, CW LANGEFELD, CD HAYS, LM WELCH, MA BILD, DE FORD, ES VINICOR, F AF LITZELMAN, DK SLEMENDA, CW LANGEFELD, CD HAYS, LM WELCH, MA BILD, DE FORD, ES VINICOR, F TI REDUCTION OF LOWER-EXTREMITY CLINICAL ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS - A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED TRIAL SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE DIABETES-MELLITUS, NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT; AMPUTATION; FOOT ULCERS; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES ID CARE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AMPUTATION; PHYSICIANS; EDUCATION; REMINDERS AB Objective: To evaluate the effect of a patient. health care provider, and systems intervention on the prevalence of risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Design: Blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Academic general medicine practice. Participants: Of the 395 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes who underwent the initial patient assessment, 352 completed the study. Intervention: The 12-month intervention was multi-faceted. Patients received foot-care education and entered into a behavioral contract for desired self-foot care, which was reinforced through telephone and postcard reminders. Health care providers were given practice guidelines and informational flow sheets on foot-related risk factors for amputation in diabetic patients. In addition, the folders for intervention patients had special identifiers that prompted health care providers to 1) ask that patients remove their footwear, 2) perform foot examinations, and 3) provide foot-care education. Results: Patients receiving the intervention were less likely than control patients to have serious foot lesions (baseline prevalence, 2.9%; odds ratio, 0.41 (95% Cl, 0. 1 6 to 1.001; P = 0.05) and other dermatologic abnormalities. Also, they were more likely to report appropriate self-foot-care behaviors, to have foot examinations during office visits (68% compared with 28%; P < 0.001), and to receive foot-care education from health care providers (42% compared with 18%; P < 0.001). Physicians assigned to intervention patients were more likely than physicians assigned to control patients to examine patients' feet for ulcers, pulses, and abnormal dermatologic conditions and to refer patients to the podiatry clinic (10.6% compared with 5.0%; P = 0.04). Conclusions: An intervention designed to reduce risk factors for lower extremity amputations positively affected patient self-foot-care behavior as well as the foot care given by health care providers and reduced the prevalence of lower extremity clinical disease in patients with diabetes. C1 INDIANA UNIV,SCH MED,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP LITZELMAN, DK (reprint author), REGENSTRIEF INST HLTH CARE,5TH FLOOR,1001 W 10TH ST,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-08-0661] NR 34 TC 284 Z9 286 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 119 IS 1 BP 36 EP 41 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LJ266 UT WOS:A1993LJ26600006 PM 8498761 ER PT J AU KNAPP, JS BACK, AF BABST, AF TAYLOR, D RICE, RJ AF KNAPP, JS BACK, AF BABST, AF TAYLOR, D RICE, RJ TI IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF ISOLATES OF HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI FROM THAILAND AND THE UNITED-STATES TO CURRENTLY RECOMMENDED AND NEWER AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF CHANCROID SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Note ID HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI AB We determined the in vitro susceptibilities of 54 isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi from Thailand (29 isolates) and San Francisco (25 isolates) to penicillin G, tetracycline, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefixime, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Isolates were susceptible to less-than-or-equal-to 0.25 mug of ceftriaxone per ml, less-than-or-equal-to 0.5 mug of cefixime per ml, less-than-or-equal-to 0.125 mug of ciprofloxacin per ml, and less-than-or-equal-to 0.06 mug of ofloxacin per ml. Erythromycin was active against all isolates (MIC for 90% of isolates tested, 0.25 mug/ml), as was azithromycin (MIC, less-than-or-equal-to 0.06 mug/ml). In contrast, all but one isolate were resistant to greater-than-or-equal-to 8.0 mug of tetracycline per ml, 11.1% of the isolates were resistant to greater-than-or-equal-to 8.0 mug of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid per ml, and 40.9% of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (MIC, greater-than-or-equal-to 4/76 mug/ml). C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102. WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DEPT ENTER INFECT,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP KNAPP, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 37 IS 7 BP 1552 EP 1555 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LL214 UT WOS:A1993LL21400032 PM 8363390 ER PT J AU HILL, RH CAUDILL, SP PHILEN, RM BAILEY, SL FLANDERS, WD DRISKELL, WJ KAMB, ML NEEDHAM, LL SAMPSON, EJ AF HILL, RH CAUDILL, SP PHILEN, RM BAILEY, SL FLANDERS, WD DRISKELL, WJ KAMB, ML NEEDHAM, LL SAMPSON, EJ TI CONTAMINANTS IN L-TRYPTOPHAN ASSOCIATED WITH EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-VALUES; EVALUATE; PLOTS; EMS AB In late 1989, an epidemic of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) that resulted in several thousand cases of the syndrome and 36 deaths was recognized in the United States. Physicians in New Mexico linked the epidemic to the ingestion of L-tryptophan (LT). Results of studies indicated that one or more trace contaminants in LT were likely causes of the EMS epidemic. Investigators traced the LT that was taken by most patients with EMS to a single manufacturer, Showa Denko K.K. of Japan. We now report results of high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of LT samples from this manufacturer. Three sets of blind-coded samples were analyzed: the priority case lot set, which included 54 case-associated LT lots and 50 noncase-associated LT lots that were taken by case and control subjects who used only one brand of LT; the single lot case set, which included 73 case-associated LT lots and 25 noncase associated LT lots taken by case and control subjects who used only a single lot of LT; and the South Carolina tablet set, which included LT tablets taken by case subjects (n = 26) and by control subjects (n = 52). We statistically compared the concentration of each contaminant in case-associated, noncase-associated, and control samples of each sample set. The analyses showed that there were more than 60 minor contaminants in the LT from Showa Denko K.K., and that six of these contaminants were associated with EMS. The structures of three contaminants are known, but the identities of the other three contaminants are currently unknown. In this paper, we discuss each sample set and results of the analysis of each, the combined results of all sets, the identity of the six contaminants, and implications for future research into the etiology of EMS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 25 IS 1 BP 134 EP 142 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA LE645 UT WOS:A1993LE64500022 PM 8346973 ER PT J AU PARKER, JC BRADLEY, LA DEVELLIS, RM GERBER, LH HOLMAN, HR KEEFE, FJ LAWRENCE, TS LIANG, MH LORIG, KR NICASSIO, PM REVENSON, TA ROGERS, MP WALLSTON, KA WILSON, MG WOLFE, F AF PARKER, JC BRADLEY, LA DEVELLIS, RM GERBER, LH HOLMAN, HR KEEFE, FJ LAWRENCE, TS LIANG, MH LORIG, KR NICASSIO, PM REVENSON, TA ROGERS, MP WALLSTON, KA WILSON, MG WOLFE, F TI BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MANAGEMENT OF ARTHRITIS DISABILITY - BLUEPRINTS FROM AN NIDRR-SPONSORED CONFERENCE SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT; WORK DISABILITY; CHRONIC DISEASE; PAIN; HELPLESSNESS; WOMEN; IMPACT; EDUCATION C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. STANFORD UNIV,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. CALIF SCH PROFESS PSYCHOL,SAN DIEGO,CA. CUNY,NEW YORK,NY 10021. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WICHITA ARTHRITIS CTR,WICHITA,KS. OI Parker, Jerry/0000-0001-7784-1199 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 36 IS 7 BP 885 EP 889 DI 10.1002/art.1780360703 PG 5 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA LM080 UT WOS:A1993LM08000002 PM 8318036 ER PT J AU VOGT, MT MCKENNA, M WOLFSON, SK KULLER, LH AF VOGT, MT MCKENNA, M WOLFSON, SK KULLER, LH TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX, OTHER ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE, DIABETES, SMOKING AND MORTALITY IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE AGED; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MORTALITY; SMOKING; VASCULAR DISEASE ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; FOLLOW-UP; PREVALENCE; MORBIDITY; FRAMINGHAM; RISK; LEG AB The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between peripheral arterial disease and mortality in a large patient population and assess the effects of other atherosclerotic diseases, diabetes and smoking on this relationship. All patients, 50 years or older and with no history of lower extremity surgery, evaluated for lower extremity arterial disease in a university hospital peripheral vascular laboratory over a 13-year period (1977-1989) were included in the study (n = 1930). Arterial disease was assessed by measurement of the resting ankle brachial index (ABI) in these patients. The ABI was calculated by dividing the systolic pressure in the tibial arteries by the pressure in the brachial artery. Analyses of the data by use of multivariate statistical techniques and by stratification of the patient population by co-morbid condition indicate that ABI is a robust and independent predictor of all-cause mortality in both men (relative risk (RR) = 1.6,95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3,2.0) and women (RR = 1.9,95% CI 1.4, 2.4). The relative risks are essentially unchanged after exclusion of all patients with clinical history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Similarly, a low ABI is an important risk factor for mortality among patients with a history of stroke, angina or diabetes; men and women with a history of smoking and women who are non-smokers. Therefore, the measurement of ABI, a simple, objective, non-invasive technique which can be used in the physician's office, may be useful for early identification of patients at high risk for morbidity and mortality. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP VOGT, MT (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5T32HL07011] NR 31 TC 64 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0021-9150(93)90116-C PG 12 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA LN845 UT WOS:A1993LN84500008 PM 8379964 ER PT J AU LEY, R SCHLEIFER, L AF LEY, R SCHLEIFER, L TI STRESS AND END-TIDAL PCO2, RESPIRATION FREQUENCY, AND CARDIAC INTER-BEAT INTERVAL IN VIDEO-DISPLAY-TERMINAL OPERATORS SO BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY,ALBANY,NY 12222. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0511 J9 BIOL PSYCHOL JI Biol. Psychol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 259 EP 259 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Behavioral Sciences GA LW275 UT WOS:A1993LW27500012 ER PT J AU LUOTAMO, M PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL AITIO, A AF LUOTAMO, M PATTERSON, DG NEEDHAM, LL AITIO, A TI CONCENTRATIONS OF PCB CONGENERS IN SERA FROM WORKERS WITH PAST AND PRESENT EXPOSURE SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON CHLORINATED DIOXINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ( DIOXINS-92 ) CY AUG 24-28, 1992 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP INST OCCUPAT HLTH, UNIV TAMPERE DE PCBS; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; SERUM; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE AB The isomers indicating occupational exposure to PCB have been identified as 2,4,4'-triCB (IUPAC 28), 2,4,4',5-tetraCB (IUPAC 74), 2,3,4,4'-tetraCB (IUPAC 60) and 2,3',4,4'-tetraCB (IUPAC 66)1,2, and those indicating accidental (short term) exposure as 2,4,4'-triCB (IUPAC 28), 2',3,4-triCB (IUPAC 33) and 2,3',4,4'-tetraCB (IUPAC 66). The latter isomers also prevailed in continuous exposure in a hazardous waste disposal plant. Abnormal levels of these isomers predicted elevated concentrations of coplanars, non-ortho-chlorinated isomers (IUPAC 77, 81, 126 and 169). Among the non-ortho-chlorobiphenyls 3,3',4,4'- and 3,4,4',5-tetraCB concentrations were clearly elevated in exposed groups compared to Finnish referents. 3,4,4',5-TetraCB levels were below the limit of detection in all referents, elevated concentrations were observed in both capacitor manufacture and hazardous waste disposal. Elevated concentrations of 3,3',4,4',5-PentaCB were detected in capacitor manufacture and in some workers in hazardous waste disposal. Elevated concentrations of 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexaCB were observed in capacitor manufacture. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LUOTAMO, M (reprint author), INST OCCUPAT HLTH,BIOCHEM LAB,ARINATIE 3,SF-00370 HELSINKI,FINLAND. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 27 IS 1-3 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90290-L PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LJ946 UT WOS:A1993LJ94600023 ER PT J AU BOONE, DJ AF BOONE, DJ TI GOVERNMENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON EVALUATING LABORATORY PERFORMANCE SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE STANDARDS; PROFICIENCY TESTING; TOTAL TESTING PROCESS; PATIENT CARE ID CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; PROFICIENCY; CRITERIA; ERROR; TESTS AB The quality of laboratory analytical performance required to support medical decision-making has been defined in four major ways: (a) by the analytical variance of the state of the practice; (b) by the total variance, including analytical and biological variability; (c) by the loss of diagnostic efficiency attributable to analytical error; and (d) by medical-usefulness criteria. From the federal government's perspective, the answer to the question ''How good must a laboratory test result be to be medically relevant?'' must take into account the clinical context of the test, with accompanying concerns about access, timeliness, and cost, as well as limits for precision and accuracy in the analytical process and the frequency and potential patient-care impact of error in the pre- and postanalytical steps of the total testing process. Therefore, medically relevant goals should encompass not only analytical precision and accuracy but also goals to provide access to clinically effective tests and to reduce errors in the total testing process that can lead to medically misleading information. Development of more appropriate regulatory requirements for laboratories, as well as any needed improvements in instrumentation and methodology, should focus on ensuring that goals for medically relevant results are met by appropriate design and management of the entire process of laboratory testing. RP BOONE, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV LAB SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP G-25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1461 EP 1467 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LM729 UT WOS:A1993LM72900021 PM 8330408 ER PT J AU FRASER, C LAWSON, N WILDING, P MARTIN, H WITTE, D COPELAND, B POPPE, W FEIL, M BURNETT, R GREENBERG, N KESSNER, A ELIONGERRITZEN, W HARRIS, E KOCH, D CASTANEDAMENDEZ, K JOHNSON, M LEVINE, J VANASSENDELFT, O BOWIE, L AF FRASER, C LAWSON, N WILDING, P MARTIN, H WITTE, D COPELAND, B POPPE, W FEIL, M BURNETT, R GREENBERG, N KESSNER, A ELIONGERRITZEN, W HARRIS, E KOCH, D CASTANEDAMENDEZ, K JOHNSON, M LEVINE, J VANASSENDELFT, O BOWIE, L TI ACCURACY AND PRECISION GOALS IN CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY TESTING - CAN THEY BE DEFINED BY MEDICAL RELEVANCE - OPEN DISCUSSION SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Discussion C1 LAB CONTROL LTD,OTTUMWA,IA 52501. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV LAB SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FRASER, C (reprint author), UNIV DUNDEE,NINEWELLS HOSP & MED SCH,DEPT BIOCHEM MED,DUNDEE DD1 9SY,SCOTLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1536 EP 1543 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LM729 UT WOS:A1993LM72900030 ER PT J AU POLISH, LB GALLAGHER, M FIELDS, HA HADLER, SC AF POLISH, LB GALLAGHER, M FIELDS, HA HADLER, SC TI DELTA-HEPATITIS - MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AND CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB Hepatitis delta virus, discovered in 1977, requires the help of hepatitis B virus to replicate in hepatocytes and is an important cause of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver disease in many regions of the world. Because of the helper function of hepatitis delta virus, infection with it occurs either as a coinfection with hepatitis B or as a superinfection of a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen. Although the mechanisms of transmission are similar to those of hepatitis B virus, the patterns of transmission of delta virus vary widely around the world. In regions of the world in which hepatitis delta virus infection is not endemic, the disease is confined to groups at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection and high-risk hepatitis B carriers. Because of the propensity of this viral infection to cause fulminant as well as chronic liver disease, continued incursion of hepatitis delta virus into areas of the world where persistent hepatitis B infection is endemic will have serious implications. Prevention depends on the widespread use of hepatitis B vaccine. This review focuses on the molecular biology and the clinical and epidemiologic features of this important viral infection. RP POLISH, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 211 EP 229 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM610 UT WOS:A1993LM61000003 PM 8358704 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL KHABBAZ, RF FOLKS, TM LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL KHABBAZ, RF FOLKS, TM LAL, RB TI DETECTION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I/II ENV ANTIBODIES BY IMMUNOASSAYS USING RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; I ENVELOPE PROTEIN; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTION; PEPTIDE; DONORS; BLOOD AB Two recombinant fusion proteins representing the C-terminus of the envelope glycoprotein of HTLV-I (rEnv-93(201-440)) and the C-terminus of the external glycoprotein (RE-3(165-306)) were tested in a Western blot (WB) assay for their ability to detect the presence of env antibodies in serum specimens from HTLV-I (n = 27) and HTLV-II (n = 22) infected individuals The rEnv-93 reacted with 27 (100%) of 27 HTLV-I-infected specimens and 19 (86%) of 22 of HTLV-II-infected specimens. In contrast, RE-3 reacted with 25 (93%) of 27 HTLV-I-infected specimens, and only six (27%) of 22 HTLV-II-infected specimens, thus demonstrating predominant reactivity with HTLV-I compared with HTLV-II. Because of the high sensitivity of rEnv-93 reactivity in both HTLV-I and HTLV-II, the specificity of this env protein was evaluated in specimens with isolated gag reactivity (HTLV(ind)). Of the 44 HTLV(ind) specimens, four (9%) demonstrated reactivity to rEnv-93 in WB assay. We, therefore, conclude that although rEnv-93 is highly sensitive for detection of env protein, it has the potential to yield some false-positive reactions presumably due to the conserved nature of retroviral transmembrane epitopes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(93)90067-H PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LK269 UT WOS:A1993LK26900007 PM 8102953 ER PT J AU CORDERO, JF AF CORDERO, JF TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISASTERS AND ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES - LESSONS LEARNED SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 1991 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP WHO, DANISH MINIST ENVIRONM, DANISH MINIST HLTH, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DANISH MED RES COUNCIL, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, NIEHS ID TERATOGEN UPDATE; VALPROIC ACID; PREGNANCY; BHOPAL; GAS; HYPERTHERMIA; RADIATION; CHERNOBYL; ACCIDENT; DEFECTS AB A disaster has been defined as a disruption of human ecology that exceeds the capacity of the community to function normally. Little is known about the adverse effects of natural disasters on reproductive outcomes. Important lessons can be derived from several disasters caused by human factors, such as the Minamata Bay disaster. Adverse reproductive outcomes include infertility, early pregnancy loss, stillbirths, congenital malformations, and serious developmental disabilities such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Recent disasters like the Chernobyl and Bhopal explosions have provided important lessons on the need for accurate and sound information about the risk of prenatal exposures for adverse reproductive outcomes. To study questions of adverse reproductive outcomes and disasters requires a well-planned approach. It should include early development of surveillance for adverse reproductive outcomes, analytic studies on the risk of disasters from direct and indirect effects, sensitive methods to measure early pregnancy loss, and long-term follow-up programs to assess outcomes such as developmental disabilities. RP CORDERO, JF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 SU 2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.2307/3431386 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LY574 UT WOS:A1993LY57400019 PM 8243383 ER PT J AU MARCUS, M SILBERGELD, E MATTISON, D BELLVE, A CHAPIN, R DAVIS, DL ESKENAZI, B FRIEDLER, G KAVLOCK, R LEMASTERS, G LEVINE, R MCDIARMID, M SASSAMAN, A SCHNATTER, AR SCHNORR, T SCHRADER, S SULLIVAN, P AF MARCUS, M SILBERGELD, E MATTISON, D BELLVE, A CHAPIN, R DAVIS, DL ESKENAZI, B FRIEDLER, G KAVLOCK, R LEMASTERS, G LEVINE, R MCDIARMID, M SASSAMAN, A SCHNATTER, AR SCHNORR, T SCHRADER, S SULLIVAN, P TI A REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS RESEARCH AGENDA FOR THE 1990S SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE IMPACT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 1991 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP WHO, DANISH MINIST ENVIRONM, DANISH MINIST HLTH, COMMISS EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, DANISH MED RES COUNCIL, INT PROGRAMME CHEM SAFETY, NIEHS ID CRITERIA; TOXICITY AB There is substantial scientific and public concern about the potential effects of occupational and environmental toxicants on reproductive health. These effects include impaired functioning of the reproductive systems of men and women as well as a broad spectrum of developmental problems expressed in offspring. Research on reproduction and development is among the most complex undertakings in biomedical research. This complexity is due in part to the intricate biology of reproduction, the multiple targets involved (male, female, and offspring), the uncertainties in extrapolating from animal models to humans, and the problems involved in accurately characterizing exposures and outcomes in epidemiologic investigations. However, given the relatively brief history of research into toxicant-induced reproductive health effects, we have made enormous strides in our knowledge over the past decade. In particular, recent advances in reproductive biology and biotechnology and in the development of biological markers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility are greatly enhancing our ability to study cause-effect relationships. In this paper, the Research Needs Working Group proposes ways to apply existing knowledge to better protect reproductive health and suggests directions for future research. Fulfilling this challenging agenda will require responsible cooperation by labor, industry, government, individual citizens, and the scientific community. Further research and collaboration are essential to both prevent adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes and to formulate a sound scientific basis for policy making. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NATL ACAD SCI,WASHINGTON,DC 20418. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RADCLIFFE COLL,CAMBRIDGE,MA. US EPA,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NICHHD,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. NIES,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. EXXON BIOMED SCI INC,E MILLSTONE,NJ. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL,LOWELL,MA. RI Mattison, Donald/C-2015-2009; Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Mattison, Donald/0000-0001-5623-0874; Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 101 SU 2 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.2307/3431392 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LY574 UT WOS:A1993LY57400025 PM 8243388 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI NEUROBEHAVIORAL TOXICOLOGY IN THE 21ST-CENTURY - A FUTURE OR A FAILURE - THE 1991 HANNINEN LECTURE SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS AND EFFECTS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CY JUL 08-11, 1990 CL TOKYO, JAPAN ID DYING-BACK PROCESS; EXPOSURE; LEAD; NEUROPATHY C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), US PHS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 114 EP 124 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1096 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LM613 UT WOS:A1993LM61300015 PM 8325257 ER PT J AU ANGER, WK CASSITTO, MG LIANG, YX AMADOR, R HOOISMA, J CHRISLIP, DW MERGLER, D KEIFER, M HORTNAGL, J FOURNIER, L DUDEK, B ZSOGON, E AF ANGER, WK CASSITTO, MG LIANG, YX AMADOR, R HOOISMA, J CHRISLIP, DW MERGLER, D KEIFER, M HORTNAGL, J FOURNIER, L DUDEK, B ZSOGON, E TI COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE FROM 3 CONTINENTS ON THE WHO-RECOMMENDED NEUROBEHAVIORAL CORE TEST BATTERY SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES; WAIS-R; IQ; EDUCATION; SAMPLE C1 UNIV MILAN, IOH, I-20122 MILAN, ITALY. SHANGHAI MED UNIV, SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA. NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV NICARAGUA, LEON, NICARAGUA. TNO, MED BIOL LAB, RIJSWIJK, NETHERLANDS. NIOSH, DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI, CINCINNATI, OH 45226 USA. UNIV QUEBEC, MONTREAL H3C 3P8, QUEBEC, CANADA. CARE, LEON, NICARAGUA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV INNSBRUCK, A-6020 INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA. HOP FERNAND WIDAL, F-75475 PARIS 10, FRANCE. NOFERS INST OCCUPAT MED, LODZ, POLAND. NATL INST OCCUPAT HLTH, H-1450 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY. RP ANGER, WK (reprint author), OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV, PORTLAND, OR 97201 USA. NR 30 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 62 IS 1 BP 125 EP 147 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1097 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LM613 UT WOS:A1993LM61300016 PM 8325258 ER PT J AU ANDA, R WILLIAMSON, D JONES, D MACERA, C EAKER, E GLASSMAN, A MARKS, J AF ANDA, R WILLIAMSON, D JONES, D MACERA, C EAKER, E GLASSMAN, A MARKS, J TI DEPRESSED AFFECT, HOPELESSNESS, AND THE RISK OF ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE IN A COHORT OF UNITED-STATES ADULTS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS; HOPELESSNESS; AFFECTIVE DISORDERS; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; RACE; GENDER; EDUCATIONAL LEVEL; MARITAL STATUS; SMOKING; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AB Major depression has been associated with mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD). In addition, a symptom of depression-hopelessness-has been suggested as a determinant of health status. We studied the relation of both depressed affect and hopelessness to IHD incidence using data from a cohort of 2,832 U.S. adults age 45-77 years who participated in the National Health Examination Follow-up Study (mean follow-up = 12.4 years) and had no history of IHD or serious illness at baseline. We used the depression subscale of the General Well-Being Schedule to define depressed affect and a single item from the scale to define hopelessness. At baseline, 11.1% of the cohort had depressed affect; 10.8% reported moderate hopelessness, and 2.9% reported severe hopelessness. Depressed affect and hopelessness were more common among women, blacks and persons who were less educated, unmarried, smokers, or physically inactive. There were 189 cases of fatal IHD during the follow-up period. After we adjusted for demographic and risk factors, depressed affect was related to fatal IHD [relative risk = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.3]; the relative risks of fatal IHD for moderate and severe levels of hopelessness were 1.6 (95% CI = 1.0-2.5) and 2.1 (95% CI = 1.1-3.9), respectively. Depressed affect and hopelessness were also associated with an increased risk of nonfatal IHD. These data indicate that depressed affect and hopelessness may play a causal role in the occurrence of both fatal and nonfatal IHD. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 495 Z9 506 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 4 IS 4 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1097/00001648-199307000-00003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LK829 UT WOS:A1993LK82900003 PM 8347738 ER PT J AU BYERS, T TREIBER, F GUNTER, E COATES, R SOWELL, A LEONARD, S MOKDAD, A JEWELL, S MILLER, D SERDULA, M STRONG, W AF BYERS, T TREIBER, F GUNTER, E COATES, R SOWELL, A LEONARD, S MOKDAD, A JEWELL, S MILLER, D SERDULA, M STRONG, W TI THE ACCURACY OF PARENTAL REPORTS OF THEIR CHILDRENS INTAKE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES - VALIDATION OF A FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE WITH SERUM LEVELS OF CAROTENOIDS AND VITAMIN-C, VITAMIN-A, AND VITAMIN-E SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FOOD; NUTRITION; QUESTIONNAIRES; CHILDREN; ASCORBIC ACID; RETINOL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; RACE; GENDER; VALIDATION STUDY AB It has been recommended that U.S. children increase their dietary intake of fruits and vegetables. Measuring diets of children to support and evaluate nutritional interventions can be a difficult task, however. We administered to 97 parents of children age 6-10 years a food frequency questionnaire on their children's usual dietary intake over the previous 3 months. We then compared these reports by parents of their children's intakes of fruits and vegetables, and the derived estimates of intake of carotenoids and vitamins C, A, and E, with the children's serum levels of carotenoids and vitamins C, A, and E. The dietary reports of intakes of 35 fruits and vegetables showed Spearman rank-order correlations of 0.30 with serum carotenoids and 0.34 with serum vitamin C. Children in the highest quartile for intake of fruits and vegetables according to their parents' food frequency reports had 35% higher carotene levels and 31% higher vitamin C levels in their serum than did children in the lowest quartile for intake of fruits and vegetables. We conclude that parental reports of young children's diets using food frequency methods are accurate enough to be useful in nutritional screening and dietary surveillance of fruit and vegetable intake. RP BYERS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [H242784, H235073] NR 0 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 4 IS 4 BP 350 EP 355 DI 10.1097/00001648-199307000-00011 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LK829 UT WOS:A1993LK82900011 PM 8347746 ER PT J AU WATERS, TR PUTZANDERSON, V GARG, A FINE, LJ AF WATERS, TR PUTZANDERSON, V GARG, A FINE, LJ TI REVISED NIOSH EQUATION FOR THE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF MANUAL LIFTING TASKS SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Note DE LOW BACK PAIN; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; EVALUATION METHODOLOGY; LIFTING ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE WEIGHTS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MOTION MODEL; LUMBAR SPINE; HANDLING TASKS; PSYCHOPHYSICAL APPROACH; BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN STRENGTH; WORK SHIFTS; LOADS AB In 1985, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) convened an ad hoc committee of experts who reviewed the current literature on lifting, recommend criteria for defining lifting capacity, and in 1991 developed a revised lifting equation. Subsequently, NIOSH developed the documentation for the equation and played a prominent role in recommending methods for interpreting the results of the equation. The 1991 equation reflects new findings and provides methods for evaluating asymmetrical lifting tasks, lifts of objects with less than optimal hand-container couplings, and also provides guidelines for a larger range of work durations and lifting frequencies than the 1981 equation. This paper provides the basis for selecting the three criteria (biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysical) that were used to define the 1991 equation, and describes the derivation of the individual components (Putz-Anderson and Waters 1991). The paper also describes the lifting index (LI), an index of relative physical stress, that can be used to identify hazardous lifting tasks. Although the 1991 equation has not been fully validated, the recommended weight limits derived from the revised equation are consistent with or lower than those generally reported in the literature. NIOSH believes that the revised 1991 lifting equation is more likely than the 1981 equation to protect most workers. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT IND & SYST ENGN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. RP WATERS, TR (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 96 TC 682 Z9 703 U1 10 U2 55 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD JUL PY 1993 VL 36 IS 7 BP 749 EP 776 DI 10.1080/00140139308967940 PG 28 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA LK826 UT WOS:A1993LK82600002 PM 8339717 ER PT J AU VONGRAEVENITZ, A PFYFFER, GE PICKETT, MJ WEAVER, RE WUST, J AF VONGRAEVENITZ, A PFYFFER, GE PICKETT, MJ WEAVER, RE WUST, J TI ISOLATION OF AN UNCLASSIFIED NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE ROD FROM A PATIENT ON CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID IDENTIFICATION; PSEUDOMONAS C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT MICROBIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VONGRAEVENITZ, A (reprint author), UNIV ZURICH,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,GLORIASTR 32,CH-8028 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 568 EP 570 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LR092 UT WOS:A1993LR09200017 PM 8404925 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS PETERSON, HB HASELTINE, FP MARTIN, MC AF WILCOX, LS PETERSON, HB HASELTINE, FP MARTIN, MC TI DEFINING AND INTERPRETING PREGNANCY SUCCESS RATES FOR IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article DE IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; PREGNANCY; STATISTICS ID INFERTILITY THERAPY; EMBRYO-TRANSFER; ENDOMETRIOSIS; PROGRAMS; WOMEN AB Objectives: To review current practice in describing pregnancy success rates after IVF-ET, to identify issues associated with interpreting these rates, and to suggest useful methods of describing these rates in the future. Design: Review of literature concerning medical, epidemiologic, and statistical aspects of reporting IVF-ET pregnancy success rates. Setting: The United States. Patients: Infertile couples participating in IVF-ET. Main Outcome Measures: Usefulness and accuracy of IVF-ET pregnancy reporting. Results: Several groups have collected information on the pregnancy success rates of IVF-ET clinics and have discussed appropriate definitions of pregnancy success. The largest of these groups in the United States is The American Fertility Society and its affiliate, the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. The number of live deliveries per 100 ET procedures and the number of live deliveries per 100 egg retrieval procedures are among the most commonly used definitions. Conclusion: The most commonly used definitions are particularly useful for describing the probability that a live infant will be delivered after IVF-ET is completed. To measure the effectiveness of the IVF-ET procedures and the costs of undergoing IVF-ET, other definitions are also important. Success rates need to be stratified by patient characteristics, such as age, that affect the probability of success. C1 NIH,CTR POPULAT RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. AMER FERTIL SOC,SOC ASSISTED REPROD TECHNOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL. RP WILCOX, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE PI BIRMINGHAM PA 1209 MONTGOMERY HIGHWAY, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35216-2809 SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 60 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA LK480 UT WOS:A1993LK48000003 PM 8513941 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE DOOLEY, SW AF SNIDER, DE DOOLEY, SW TI NOSOCOMIAL TUBERCULOSIS IN THE AIDS ERA WITH AN EMPHASIS ON MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT DISEASE SO HEART & LUNG LA English DT Article RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF DIRECTOR,MAILSTOP E-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0147-9563 J9 HEART LUNG JI Heart Lung PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 365 EP 369 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Nursing; Respiratory System SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Nursing; Respiratory System GA LN687 UT WOS:A1993LN68700011 PM 8360070 ER PT J AU WHITMAN, CM GRIFFIN, PM AF WHITMAN, CM GRIFFIN, PM TI PREVENTING VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS INFECTION IN THE HIGH-RISK PATIENT - COMMENTARY SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FEATURES RP WHITMAN, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 2 IS 4 BP 275 EP 276 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MF196 UT WOS:A1993MF19600009 ER PT J AU CORONADO, VG BECKSAGUE, CM PEARSON, ML VALWAY, SE PINEDA, MR JARVIS, WR AF CORONADO, VG BECKSAGUE, CM PEARSON, ML VALWAY, SE PINEDA, MR JARVIS, WR TI MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH HIV-INFECTION SO INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; SYNDROME AIDS; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; TRANSMISSION; RISK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CORONADO, VG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAIL STOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1056-9103 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN PRAC JI Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 2 IS 4 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MF196 UT WOS:A1993MF19600016 ER PT J AU COLLINS, MD FACKLAM, RR RODRIGUES, UM RUOFF, KL AF COLLINS, MD FACKLAM, RR RODRIGUES, UM RUOFF, KL TI PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SOME AEROCOCCUS-LIKE ORGANISMS FROM CLINICAL SOURCES - DESCRIPTION OF HELCOCOCCUS-KUNZII GEN-NOV, SP-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; STREPTOCOCCUS; INFECTIONS AB 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies were performed on some unusual gram-positive catalase-negative cocci of unknown taxonomic position isolated from human clinical sources. Comparative analysis of the sequence data demonstrated that the clinical isolates represent a hitherto-unknown line of descent within the low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria. On the basis of the phylogenetic findings and the phenotypic distinctiveness of the organisms, it is proposed that they be classified in a new genus, Helcococcus, as Helcococcus kunzii sp. nov. The type strain of H. kunzii is NCFB 2900. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02114 USA. INST FOOD RES, READING LAB, READING RG6 2EF, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 425 EP 429 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM382 UT WOS:A1993LM38200005 PM 8347503 ER PT J AU WAYNE, LG GOOD, RC TSANG, A BUTLER, R DAWSON, D GROOTHUIS, D GROSS, W HAWKINS, J KILBURN, J KUBIN, M SCHRODER, KH SILCOX, VA SMITH, C THOREL, MF WOODLEY, C YAKRUS, MA AF WAYNE, LG GOOD, RC TSANG, A BUTLER, R DAWSON, D GROOTHUIS, D GROSS, W HAWKINS, J KILBURN, J KUBIN, M SCHRODER, KH SILCOX, VA SMITH, C THOREL, MF WOODLEY, C YAKRUS, MA TI SEROVAR DETERMINATION AND MOLECULAR TAXONOMIC CORRELATION IN MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM, MYCOBACTERIUM-INTRACELLULARE, AND MYCOBACTERIUM-SCROFULACEUM - A COOPERATIVE STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP ON MYCOBACTERIAL TAXONOMY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SLOWLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX; ANTIGENS AB A cooperative study was conducted by the International Working Group on Mycobacterial Taxonomy to correlate the agglutination serovar designations of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum strains with the species ascriptions of these organisms according to molecular criteria and cultural properties and to assess the reproducibility of serovar determinations for a set of 63 reference strains of these species. Among the molecular criteria, the level of agreement between results obtained with nucleic acid probes and T-catalase serology results was 94% for strains of M. avium and M. intracellulare. Nucleic acid probes were not available for M. scrofulaceum, but none of the 10 strains ascribed to this species on the basis of catalase serology data reacted with a nucleic acid probe for M. avium or M. intracellulare. Ascription to a species on the basis of mycolic acid high-performance liquid chromatography patterns was in agreement with catalase serology results in 86% of the cases examined. Most strains belonging to serovars 1 through 6 and 8 through 11 were identified by molecular criteria as M. avium, most strains belonging to serovars 7, 12 through 20, 23, and 25 were identified as M. intracellulare, and most strains belonging to serovars 41 through 43 were identified as M. scrofulaceum, in agreement with common current practice. Evidence for assigning serovar 27 to M. scrofulaceum was obtained. However, two strains of a given serovar may, on occasion, be placed in different species. The dominant species assignments for strains belonging to serovars 21, 24, 26, and 28 remain unresolved. Data from laboratories which used panels of sera that corresponded to all of the serovars represented in the study were in agreement with the consensus results in 84% of the instances. Laboratories in which a limited panel of sera was used were far more likely to report results that did not agree with the consensus results. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,LONG BEACH,CA 90822. STATE HLTH LAB SERV,BRISBANE,AUSTRALIA. NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP DIS,DENVER,CO 80206. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,W HAVEN,CT 06516. NATL INST PUBL HLTH,PRAGUE,CZECHOSLOVAKIA. TUBERKULOSE FORSCHUNGSINST,BORSTEL,GERMANY. CTR NATL ETUDES VET & ALIMENTAIRES,CENT RES VET LAB,F-94703 MAISONS ALFORT,FRANCE. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 482 EP 489 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM382 UT WOS:A1993LM38200013 PM 8347508 ER PT J AU BUTLER, WR OCONNOR, SP YAKRUS, MA SMITHWICK, RW PLIKAYTIS, BB MOSS, CW FLOYD, MM WOODLEY, CL KILBURN, JO VADNEY, FS GROSS, WM AF BUTLER, WR OCONNOR, SP YAKRUS, MA SMITHWICK, RW PLIKAYTIS, BB MOSS, CW FLOYD, MM WOODLEY, CL KILBURN, JO VADNEY, FS GROSS, WM TI MYCOBACTERIUM-CELATUM SP-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ACID CLEAVAGE PRODUCTS; CELLULAR FATTY-ACIDS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE; GENUS MYCOBACTERIUM; AVIUM COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB A new slowly growing nonphotochromogenic Mycobacterium species of clinical importance is described. The biochemical characteristics of this organism were similar to those of Mycobacterium xenopi and members of the Mycobacterium avium complex. However, none of the strains reacted with commercially available genetic probes for the M. avium complex. The strains were resistant to most antituberculosis drugs. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis revealed two original electrophoretic types, which was suggestive of new species. The strains contained alpha-, keto-, and dicarboxylic mycolates, as determined by thin-layer chromatography. A mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed a chromatographic pattern similar to that of M. xenopi, but distinct from the patterns of previously described Mycobacterium species. Hexadecanoic and tuberculostearic acids were identified as the major cell wall fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis; hexacosanoic acid was the major mycolic acid cleavage product, and 2-eicosanol was the major alcohol. Evaluation of the 16S rRNA sequence confirmed the phylogenetic position of the organism among the slowly growing Mycobacterium species. Cultures representing this new species have been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strains ATCC 51130 and ATCC 51131T (T = type strain). The name Mycobacterium celatum is proposed. C1 DEPT VET AFFAIRS,VET AFFAIRS LAB TB & OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DIS,W HAVEN,CT 06516. RP BUTLER, WR (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 3 BP 539 EP 548 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LM382 UT WOS:A1993LM38200021 PM 8102246 ER PT J AU PEDDECORD, KM BENENSON, AS HOFHERR, LK FRANCIS, DP GARFEIN, RS CROSS, GD SCHALLA, WO AF PEDDECORD, KM BENENSON, AS HOFHERR, LK FRANCIS, DP GARFEIN, RS CROSS, GD SCHALLA, WO TI VARIABILITY OF REPORTING AND LACK OF ADHERENCE TO CONSENSUS GUIDELINES IN HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPING REPORTS - RESULTS OF A CASE SERIES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE REPORT CONTENT; LABORATORY TO PHYSICIAN COMMUNICATION; T-LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; AIDS DIAGNOSIS; FLOW CYTOMETRY ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY AB Percentages and absolute counts of CD4- lymphocytes, as determined by T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping (TLI), are prognostic, as well as diagnostic, of the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections and are important indicators for initiating Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. In December 1990, we requested that a nonrandom sample of 17 laboratories provide us with typical reports of their TLI results from an immunodeficient patient and from a patient whose TLI results were within the laboratory's normal reference ranges. We also searched published literature and documents proposed by professional organizations for recommendations regarding T-lymphocyte testing and reporting. This article compares guidelines for reporting TLI results, as proposed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards in Document H42-P, with samples of reports obtained in our case series. Most reports follow some, but not all, of the proposed guidelines. A majority of the laboratories provided interpretations of the results in their reports. We found considerable variation in normal reference ranges. We describe this variation in detail for the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentages. This article describes some of the TLI result report forms currently being used and identifies important quality issues in this rapidly expanding area of clinical laboratory testing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,DIV LAB SYST,ATLANTA,GA. RP PEDDECORD, KM (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,COLL HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ASSURANCE PROGRAM LAB,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 6 IS 7 BP 823 EP 830 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LH852 UT WOS:A1993LH85200009 PM 8509982 ER PT J AU SCHIFF, TA SANCHEZ, M MOY, J KLIRSFELD, D MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM AF SCHIFF, TA SANCHEZ, M MOY, J KLIRSFELD, D MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM TI CUTANEOUS NOCARDIOSIS CAUSED BY NOCARDIA-NOVA OCCURRING IN AN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUAL - A CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHIFF, TA (reprint author), NYU MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 6 IS 7 BP 849 EP 851 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LH852 UT WOS:A1993LH85200013 PM 8509986 ER PT J AU LEHMANN, PF WU, LC PRUITT, WR MEYER, SA AHEARN, DG AF LEHMANN, PF WU, LC PRUITT, WR MEYER, SA AHEARN, DG TI UNRELATEDNESS OF GROUPS OF YEASTS WITHIN THE CANDIDA-HAEMULONII COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Isoenzyme and protein profiles of clinical isolates initially identified as Candida haemulonii demonstrated the presence of two distinct groups. DNA relatedness studies with representative cultures confirmed the presence of two species. Physiological features that can be used to separate two groups within C. haemulonii are reported. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM SCI LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30302. RP LEHMANN, PF (reprint author), MED COLL OHIO,DEPT MICROBIOL,POB 10008,TOLEDO,OH 43699, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1683 EP 1687 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100002 PM 8349743 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC TOKARS, J SWENSON, J PAUL, S SPITALNY, K JARVIS, W AF TENOVER, FC TOKARS, J SWENSON, J PAUL, S SPITALNY, K JARVIS, W TI ABILITY OF CLINICAL LABORATORIES TO DETECT ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASE; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; FAECALIS; FAECIUM; STRAIN AB To test the ability of clinical laboratories to detect antimicrobial resistance among enterococci, we sent four vancomycin-resistant enterococcal strains and one beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus to all 93 nongovernment, hospital-based clinical laboratories in New Jersey; 76 (82%) participated in the study. Each organism was tested by the laboratory's routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing method. The proportion of laboratories that correctly reported that an isolate was resistant to vancomycin varied according to the resistance level of the isolate: high-level resistance (MIC for Enterococcus faecium = 512 mug/ml), 96% of laboratories correct; moderate-level resistance (MIC for E. faecium = 64 mug/ml), 27% correct; low-level resistance (MIC for Enterococcus faecalis = 32 mug/ml), 16% correct; and intrinsic low-level resistance (MIC for Enterococcus gallinarum = 8 mug/ml), 74% correct. The beta-lactamase-producing E. faecalis isolate was identified as resistant to penicillin and ampicillin by 66 and 8% of laboratories, respectively, but only three laboratories recognized that it was a beta-lactamase producer. This survey suggests that many laboratories may fail to detect antimicrobial agent-resistant enterococci. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,ENVIRONM SERV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,TRENTON,NJ 08625. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,TRENTON,NJ 08625. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 94 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1695 EP 1699 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100004 PM 8349745 ER PT J AU MATAR, GM SWAMINATHAN, B HUNTER, SB SLATER, LN WELCH, DF AF MATAR, GM SWAMINATHAN, B HUNTER, SB SLATER, LN WELCH, DF TI POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS OF A FRAGMENT OF THE RIBOSOMAL OPERON FROM ROCHALIMAEA SPECIES FOR SUBTYPING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PELIOSIS HEPATIS; HENSELAE; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB Restriction endonuclease analysis of a polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragment which included the spacer region between the genes coding for 16S and 23S rRNAs and a portion of the gene coding for 23S rRNA (spacer + 23S) was done on 10 previously characterized clinical isolates of Rochalimaea henselae, one clinical isolate of Rochalimaea quintana, and the type strains of R. henselae, R. quintana, Rochalimaea vinsonii, and Bartonella bacilliformis. Brucella abortus DNA was not amplified by the primer set used. The clinical isolates of Rochalimaea were obtained from blood or tissue from patients with and without preexisting disease. The amplicon from each strain was digested with five endonucleases (AluI, HaeIII, TaqI, HinfI, and MseI). AluI and HaeIII were useful in species differentiation and subtyping of R. henselae. R. henselae isolates showed six different restriction patterns with AluI and four patterns with HaeIII. TaqI, HinfI, and MseI were useful only in species differentiation. These observations indicate that PCR amplification of the spacer + 23S region of the ribosomal DNA of Rochalimaea spp., along with restriction endonuclease analysis, allows differentiation of Rochalimaea spp. from closely related genera, differentiation among the species within Rochalimaea, and differentiation of strains within R. henselae. The subtyping potential of this method may be useful for further clinical and epidemiologic studies of the spectrum of diseases caused by R. henselae. C1 UNIV OKLAHOMA HLTH SCI CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73104. RP MATAR, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1730 EP 1734 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100010 PM 8102375 ER PT J AU OGUNRINADE, AF CHANDRASHEKAR, R EBERHARD, ML WEIL, GJ AF OGUNRINADE, AF CHANDRASHEKAR, R EBERHARD, ML WEIL, GJ TI PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF RECOMBINANT ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS ANTIGENS FOR SERODIAGNOSIS OF ONCHOCERCIASIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HUMAN FILARIASIS; IGG4; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; CLONING AB Serodiagnostic assays for onchocerciasis based on native antigens are hampered by the scarcity of antigen, and they suffer from poor specificity. The present study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of recently described recombinant Onchocerca volvulus antigens OC 3.6 and OC 9.3 in enzyme immunoassays. The recombinant proteins were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusions and were tested in several enzyme immunoassay formats to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 antibodies with sera from patients with onchocerciasis in Nigeria and with various types of control sera. The best results were obtained by measuring IgG4 antibodies to the fusion proteins. Forty of 42 (95%) serum specimens from patients with onchocerciasis were reactive with OC 3.6; the reactivity with OC 9.3 was 81%. Results obtained with sera from experimentally infected chimpanzees suggest that OC 3.6 might be especially useful for detecting prepatent infections in humans, while OC 9.3 mainly detects mature, patent infections. Sera from individuals in Nigeria and the United States residing in areas nonendemic for onchocerciasis were uniformly nonreactive with these antigens in IgG and IgG4 assays, as were sera from patients with bancroftian filariasis, brugian filariasis, loiasis, ascariasis, schistosomiasis, and dracunculiasis. These results suggest that enzyme immunoassays based on the recombinant antigens OC 3.6 and OC 9.3 are useful for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. C1 JEWISH HOSP ST LOUIS,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. UNIV IBADAN,DEPT VET MICROBIOL & PARASITOL,IBADAN,NIGERIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-22488] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1741 EP 1745 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100012 PM 8349749 ER PT J AU NOLTE, FS METCHOCK, B MCGOWAN, JE EDWARDS, A OKWUMABUA, O THURMOND, C MITCHELL, PS PLIKAYTIS, B SHINNICK, T AF NOLTE, FS METCHOCK, B MCGOWAN, JE EDWARDS, A OKWUMABUA, O THURMOND, C MITCHELL, PS PLIKAYTIS, B SHINNICK, T TI DIRECT-DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS IN SPUTUM BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND DNA HYBRIDIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPLIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; COMPLEX; IS6110; PCR AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was developed by using oligonucleotide primers to amplify a fragment of IS6110, an insertion sequence repeated multiple times in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sediment obtained from sputa processed by the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH method was suspended in a simple lysis buffer and was heated at 100-degrees-C for 30 min prior to amplification. A dUTP-uracil N-glycosylase PCR protocol was used to prevent false-positive test results because of the carryover of products from previous amplification reactions. The 317-bp amplicon was detected by direct gel analysis and Southern blotting and then hybridization with a biotin-labeled internal probe. Hybrid molecules were detected by using a commercially available avidin-alkaline phosphatase-chemiluminescent substrate system (Tropix, Inc., Bedford, Mass.). The analytical sensitivity of the assay was 10 fg of purified mycobacterial DNA. The limits of detection by culture (Middlebrook 7H11 agar and Lowenstein-Jensen medium) and by PCR were equivalent in terminal dilution experiments for organism suspensions and positive sputa. An internal control was used to detect the presence of amplification inhibitors in each negative reaction mixture. DNA was purified from inhibitory specimens by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. PCR results were compared with results of microscopy and conventional culture for the detection of M. tuberculosis in 313 sputum specimens. There were 124 specimens that were positive for M. tuberculosis by conventional methods and 113 (91%) that were positive by PCR. PCR detected 105 of 110 (95%) of the smear-positive and 8 of 14 (57%) of the smear-negative specimens. There were no false-positive results by PCR (specificity, 100%). This PCR assay incorporates several innovations that make application of this new technology feasible in clinical microbiology laboratories. C1 EMORY UNIV CLIN,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30355. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,HANSENS DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NOLTE, FS (reprint author), EMORY UNIV HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 FU PHS HHS [U52/CCU406008] NR 26 TC 145 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1777 EP 1782 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100019 PM 8349753 ER PT J AU HIERHOLZER, JC HALONEN, PE DAHLEN, PO BINGHAM, PG MCDONOUGH, MM AF HIERHOLZER, JC HALONEN, PE DAHLEN, PO BINGHAM, PG MCDONOUGH, MM TI DETECTION OF ADENOVIRUS IN CLINICAL SPECIMENS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND LIQUID-PHASE HYBRIDIZATION QUANTITATED BY TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROMETRY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEIC-ACID; EUROPIUM; DNA; FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY; AMPLIFICATION; IMMUNOASSAY; ASSAYS; PROBES AB In addition to tests for the group-specific hexon antigen of adenoviruses, adenoviruses can be detected in clinical specimens by hybridization assays utilizing the widely shared base sequences of the region of the hexon gene that codes for the group-reactive determinants. We have developed a liquid-phase hybridization system with biotin- and europium-labeled probes which are reacted after DNA amplification of a 161-bp region of the hexon gene and which are quantitated by time-resolved (TR) fluorometry in streptavidin-coated microtiter wells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-TR fluorometry is not a rapid test in the usual sense, but it is highly useful for specimens with inherent toxicity or with low virus yield, such as organ minces and specimens obtained late in the course of an illness. In a survey of 103 specimens tested by this method, including urine, stool, and tissue suspensions, the agreement with the hexon-specific TR fluoroimmunoassay antigen test for positive specimens was 100% and the sensitivity compared with that of virus culture was 91%. The PCR-TR fluorometry system was also shown to be advantageous as a quantitative measure of PCR products. C1 UNIV TURKU,DEPT VIROL,SF-20520 TURKU 52,FINLAND. WALLAC OY,SF-20101 TURKU,FINLAND. RP HIERHOLZER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 104 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1886 EP 1891 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100039 PM 8349768 ER PT J AU GOMEZLUS, P FIELDS, BS BENSON, RF MARTIN, WT OCONNOR, SP BLACK, CM AF GOMEZLUS, P FIELDS, BS BENSON, RF MARTIN, WT OCONNOR, SP BLACK, CM TI COMPARISON OF ARBITRARILY PRIMED POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION, RIBOTYPING, AND MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY ANALYSIS FOR SUBTYPING LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SEROGROUP-1 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE; PROBE AB Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to characterize Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Cells from a single colony could be subtyped by AP-PCR within a few hours. The discrimination between strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 by AP-PCR was equivalent to that by monoclonal antibody analysis and ribotyping. Four strains representing the monoclonal antibody pattern most frequently associated with outbreaks all yielded unique amplicon patterns by AP-PCR. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ZARAGOZA,DEPT MICROBIOL & MED PREVENT & SALUD PUBL,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. NR 16 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1940 EP 1942 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ201 UT WOS:A1993LJ20100054 PM 8394380 ER PT J AU VISVESVARA, GS SCHUSTER, FL MARTINEZ, AJ AF VISVESVARA, GS SCHUSTER, FL MARTINEZ, AJ TI BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS, NG, N-SP, AGENT OF AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACANTHAMOEBA; GEPHYRAMOEBA; GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; LEPTOMYXA; LEPTOMYXID AMEBA; NAEGLERIA; ORDER LEPTOMYXIDA; PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS ID GEPHYRAMOEBA PROTOZOA; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; GENUS LEPTOMYXA; SARCODINA; GOODEY; AIDS AB We recently reported the isolation of a leptomyxid ameba from the brain of a mandrill baboon that died of meningoencephalitis. Based on light and electron microscopic studies, animal pathogenicity tests, and immunofluorescence patterns, we conclude that our isolate differs fundamentally from the other two amebas (Leptomyxa and Gephyramoeba) included in the Order Leptomyxida. We therefore created a new genus. Balamuthia, to accommodate our isolate and described it as Balamuthia mandrillaris to reflect the origin of the type species. Briefly, B. mandrillaris is a pathogenic ameba that causes amebic encephalitis in humans and animals. It has trophic and cyst stages in its life cycle, and is uninucleate with a large vesicular nucleus and a central nucleolus. Mature cysts have a tripartite wall consisting of an outer loose ectocyst, an inner endocyst and a middle mesocyst. Unlike Acanthamoeba and Naegleria, the other two amebas that cause amebic encephalitis in humans, Balamuthia will not grow on agar plates seeded with enteric bacteria. However, Balamuthia grows on a variety of mammalian cell cultures and kills mice following intranasal or intraperitoneal inoculation. Based on immunofluorescence testing, 35 cases of amebic encephalitis in humans and three in other animals have been identified worldwide as being caused by Bulamuthia. C1 CUNY BROOKLYN COLL,DEPT BIOL,BROOKLYN,NY 11210. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PRESBYTERIAN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15213. RP VISVESVARA, GS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MS F-13,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 18 TC 141 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 40 IS 4 BP 504 EP 514 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04943.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LP013 UT WOS:A1993LP01300010 PM 8330028 ER PT J AU GRIFFITH, SP FREEMAN, WL SHAW, CJ MITCHELL, WH OLDEN, CR FIGGS, LD KINYOUN, JL UNDERWOOD, DL WILL, JC AF GRIFFITH, SP FREEMAN, WL SHAW, CJ MITCHELL, WH OLDEN, CR FIGGS, LD KINYOUN, JL UNDERWOOD, DL WILL, JC TI SCREENING FOR DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY IN A CLINICAL SETTING - A COMPARISON OF DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY BY PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS WITH FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE DIABETES-MELLITUS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; MASS SCREENING; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; OPHTHALMOLOGY ID NONMYDRIATIC CAMERA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; EYE DISEASE AB Background. Type II diabetes mellitus is a major health problem among Native Americans, and diabetic retinopathy is a frequent complication of this disease. Screening for retinopathy can identify early disease and prevent major vision loss, but the most cost-effective screening method has not yet been determined. Methods. In a rural clinic that served more than 400 Native Americans with diabetes, we compared the accuracy of referrals made based on two screening methods: ophthalmoscopy by trained primary care physicians and seven-view nonstereoscopic, mydriatic fundal photography read by two general ophthalmologists and a retinal specialist. Patients in whom abnormal findings were detected by either screening method were then referred to a general ophthalmologist for further evaluation. Results. Two hundred forty-three examinations were performed and 83 referrals made. Both screening methods had high sensitivity for referring patients with retinopathy that required treatment or follow-up sooner than 1 year (100% for direct ophthalmoscopy by primary care physicians, 94% for the general ophthalmologist photography readers, and 100% for the retinal specialist reader). The calculated costs of screening by direct ophthalmoscopy and by retinal photography were 64% less and 44% to 35% less, respectively, than the cost of yearly ophthalmological examinations by ophthalmologists. Conclusions. Careful screening for treatable diabetic eye disease by trained primary care physicians proved to be a clinically acceptable, cost-effective strategy. Screening methods for diabetic retinopathy should be evaluated based on the absolute sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of their ability to correctly refer patients rather than their diagnostic accuracy. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,DIABET PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. WASHINGTON DEPT HLTH,WASHINGTON DIABET CONTROL PROGRAM,OLYMPIA,WA. PORTLAND AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,YAKIMA INDIAN HLTH CTR,YAKIMA,WA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY PRACTICE,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. RP GRIFFITH, SP (reprint author), IHS,OHPRD,7900 S JJ STOCK RD,TUCSON,AZ 85746, USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU APPLETON & LANGE PI E NORWALK PA 25 VAN ZANT ST, E NORWALK, CT 06855 SN 0094-3509 J9 J FAM PRACTICE JI J. Fam. Pract. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 37 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LM269 UT WOS:A1993LM26900011 PM 8345340 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BB CRAWFORD, JT WOODLEY, CL BUTLER, WR EISENACH, KD CAVE, MD SHINNICK, TM AF PLIKAYTIS, BB CRAWFORD, JT WOODLEY, CL BUTLER, WR EISENACH, KD CAVE, MD SHINNICK, TM TI RAPID, AMPLIFICATION-BASED FINGERPRINTING OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; CHAIN-REACTION; IS6110; DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX; ELEMENT AB Insertion element IS6110 occurs in multiple copies throughout the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, and the variability of its insertion sites is the basis for the IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for typing. We describe a novel gene amplification method to assess the variability of the location of IS6110. A unilateral-nested polymerase chain reaction and hybridization procedure was used to measure the variability in the distances between IS6110 elements and copies of a major polymorphic tandem repeat sequence of M. tuberculosis. The pattern of amplicons produced could be used to cluster epidemiologically related strains of M. tuberculosis into groups which correlated with the groups formed using IS6110-RFLP typing. Reliable patterns can be generated directly from sputum specimens as well as from M. tuberculosis cultures. We designated the novel method as IS6110-ampliprinting. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,DEPT ANAT,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP PLIKAYTIS, BB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 139 BP 1537 EP 1542 PN 7 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LN979 UT WOS:A1993LN97900017 PM 8103790 ER PT J AU GLUCKMAN, JP WARM, JS DEMBER, WN ROSA, RR AF GLUCKMAN, JP WARM, JS DEMBER, WN ROSA, RR TI DEMAND TRANSITIONS AND SUSTAINED ATTENTION SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A recent report by the National Research Council (Huey & Wickens, 1993) has identified transitions in task demand as an important dimension for study in vigilance research. This experiment tested the possibility that the effects of such transitions follow a relatively simple psychophysical rule-they are characterized by contrast effects. Transitions in task demand were achieved by shifting subjects from single-task to dual-task monitoring and vice versa. These transitions produced changes in subjects' sensing and decision-making functions that were far more intricate than simple contrast effects. The demand transition issue offers a complex research challenge on both basic and applied levels and warrants further investigation. C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NIOSH,TAFT LAB,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP GLUCKMAN, JP (reprint author), JJM SYST INC,1225 JEFFERSON DAVIS HWY STE 412,ARLINGTON,VA 22202, USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0022-1309 J9 J GEN PSYCHOL JI J. Gen. Psychol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 120 IS 3 BP 323 EP 337 PG 15 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA NB437 UT WOS:A1993NB43700009 PM 8138797 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS AF MARGOLIS, HS TI PREVENTION OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE THROUGH IMMUNIZATION - HEPATITIS-B AND BEYOND SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERONEGATIVE VOLUNTEERS; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; A VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EFFICACY; SAFETY; BORN AB Liver disease caused by hepatotrophic viruses imposes a substantial burden on health care resources. Persistent infections from hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis delta virus result in chronic liver disease, while hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus produce a self-limited disease. Effective hepatitis B vaccines that provide long-term protection against chronic HBV infection have been available for > 10 years, while inactivated hepatitis A vaccines have recently been shown to prevent acute disease. To prevent transmission of HBV, scientifically and epidemiologically sound recommendations call for vaccination of all infants in successive birth cohorts worldwide. For hepatitis A vaccines, recommendations will be developed in the near future and should reflect vaccine performance and the epidemiology of hepatitis A. A number of policy, health care financing, and educational issues must be addressed to ensure the effective use of both of these vaccines. RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 168 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LH880 UT WOS:A1993LH88000002 PM 8515136 ER PT J AU FLEMING, PL CIESIELSKI, CA BYERS, RH CASTRO, KG BERKELMAN, RL AF FLEMING, PL CIESIELSKI, CA BYERS, RH CASTRO, KG BERKELMAN, RL TI GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REPORTED AIDS-INDICATIVE DIAGNOSES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; NATURAL-HISTORY; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; DOUBLE-BLIND AB To compare AIDS-defining conditions in women and men, US adult AIDS cases diagnosed between January 1988 and June 1991 and reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through June 1992 were examined. For most AIDS-defining conditions, the prevalence was similar for women and men when differences in race/ethnicity and mode of transmission were accounted for. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the most prevalent condition (>50%) regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, or mode of transmission. By logistic regression analysis, among injection drug users, conditions reported significantly more frequently in women than in men include esophageal candidiasis (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.62), herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease (OR, 1.68; CI, 1.46-1.94), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (OR, 1.43; CI, 1.18-1.73). More knowledge of the interrelationships in women between HIV infection and secondary opportunistic infections, including candidiasis and sexually transmitted diseases (e.g., HSV and CMV) is needed. RP FLEMING, PL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, MAILSTOP E-47, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 EI 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 168 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LH880 UT WOS:A1993LH88000010 PM 8515133 ER PT J AU KLAUSNER, JD RYDER, RW BAENDE, E LELO, U WILLIAME, JC NGAMBOLI, K PERRIENS, JH KABOTO, M PRIGNOT, J AF KLAUSNER, JD RYDER, RW BAENDE, E LELO, U WILLIAME, JC NGAMBOLI, K PERRIENS, JH KABOTO, M PRIGNOT, J TI MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS IN HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1-SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-HAITIAN PATIENTS; HIV-INFECTION; SEROPOSITIVITY; COUNTRIES; DIAGNOSIS; FLORIDA; DISEASE; AFRICA; RISK AB Rates of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared in Kinshasa, Zaire, in 521 household contacts of 74 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive index patients and in 692 household contacts of 95 HIV-1-seropositive index patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis: No difference was noted between contacts of HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative patients. The increasing prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection with increasing age was similar in household contacts of seropositive and seronegative patients; by age 16 years, 75% were purified protein derivative-positive. The similarly low rates of M. tuberculosis infection in household contacts of HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative index patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis indicates that HIV-1-seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are not more infectious than HIV-1-seronegative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. MT SINAI MED CTR,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. DEPT PUBL HLTH,SIDA PROJECT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. DEPT PUBL HLTH,CTR DEPISTAGE TB,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,INT AIDS ACT,ATLANTA,GA. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. UNIV CATHOLIQUE LOUVAIN,MT GODINNE,BELGIUM. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 168 IS 1 BP 106 EP 111 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LH880 UT WOS:A1993LH88000016 PM 8515097 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT HATHEWAY, CL BLAKE, PA TAUXE, RV AF WEBER, JT HATHEWAY, CL BLAKE, PA TAUXE, RV TI CLARIFICATION OF DIETARY RISK-FACTORS AND RELIGION IN A BOTULISM OUTBREAK SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MS C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 168 IS 1 BP 258 EP 258 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LH880 UT WOS:A1993LH88000054 PM 8515129 ER PT J AU CRAVEN, RB MAUPIN, GO BEARD, ML QUAN, TJ BARNES, AM AF CRAVEN, RB MAUPIN, GO BEARD, ML QUAN, TJ BARNES, AM TI REPORTED CASES OF HUMAN PLAGUE INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1970-1991 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE YERSINIA-PESTIS; HUMAN PLAGUE; FLEAS ID BUBONIC PLAGUE; RISK-FACTORS; NEW-MEXICO; EXPOSURE; CATS AB From 1970 to 1991, 295 indigenous cases and one imported case of human plague were reported in the United States. Eighty-two percent of the total indigenous cases occurred in New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado. Ninety-three percent of these cases had onset in the months of April through November. Most cases (89%) presented as bubonic or septicemic plague, or both. Cases were reported more frequently in males (58%), and male mortality exceeded that of females (17 versus 11%). Ground squirrels were the most frequently implicated sources of infection in cases associated with flea bites, and domestic cats were found to play an increasingly important role in transmission of disease to humans during these decades. RP CRAVEN, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 18 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 30 IS 4 BP 758 EP 761 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA LL093 UT WOS:A1993LL09300013 PM 8395603 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, DJ GREENGARD, JS FERNANDEZ, JA RIBEIRO, M EVATT, BL GRIFFIN, JH HOOPER, WC AF PHILLIPS, DJ GREENGARD, JS FERNANDEZ, JA RIBEIRO, M EVATT, BL GRIFFIN, JH HOOPER, WC TI PROTEIN-S, AN ANTITHROMBOTIC FACTOR, IS SYNTHESIZED AND RELEASED BY NEURAL TUMOR-CELLS SO JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE PROTEIN-S; BRAIN TUMOR; COAGULATION; GAMMA-CARBOXYLASE ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; DEFICIENCY; BIOSYNTHESIS; SECRETION; PLASMA; LINE AB Protein S, an anticoagulant factor in the protein C antithrombotic pathway, was found to be synthesized and released by six tumor cell lines of neural origin by western blotting and ELISA. The rate of synthesis ranged from three- to 11-fold higher than that of a microvascular endothelial cell line and 36-144% that of a hepatoma cell line. The secreted protein S displayed specific anticoagulant activity similar to that of purified plasma protein S, implying that it was fully gamma-carboxylated. Ten primary brain tumor tissues also expressed protein S antigen, as shown by western blot analysis. Expression of anticoagulantly active protein S by neural cells raises important questions concerning possible physiologic roles for this multidomain protein beyond its function in control of thrombosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH, MS-DO2,1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOLEC & EXPTL MED, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. SCRIPPS RES INST, COMM VASC BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. RI Fernandez, Jose/A-3211-2008 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-21544] NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0022-3042 J9 J NEUROCHEM JI J. Neurochem. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03574.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA LH227 UT WOS:A1993LH22700043 PM 8515282 ER PT J AU KALISH, RA KNOPF, AN CANOSO, JJ GARY, W AF KALISH, RA KNOPF, AN CANOSO, JJ GARY, W TI LUPUS-LIKE PRESENTATION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KALISH, RA (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 20 IS 7 BP 1253 EP 1253 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA LM769 UT WOS:A1993LM76900038 ER PT J AU KOOPMANS, M MONROE, SS COFFIELD, LM ZAKI, SR AF KOOPMANS, M MONROE, SS COFFIELD, LM ZAKI, SR TI OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION AND PCR AMPLIFICATION OF RNA EXTRACTS FROM PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE IN DIFFERENT FIXATIVES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE VIRAL RT-PCR; PARAFFIN; FIXATIVES; EXTRACTION METHOD ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PROPOSED FAMILY TOROVIRIDAE; BERNE VIRUS; BREDA VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MESSENGER-RNAS; DNA; INFECTION; PURIFICATION AB A method was developed for fast and efficient isolation of RNA from paraffin-embedded tissue sections for subsequent PCR analysis. This method is based on the binding of RNA to acid-treated glass beads in the presence of a high molarity of guanidinium salt. It can be completed within an hour, and obviates the need for dewaxing and phenol/chloroform extractions. The effect of various fixatives and fixation times was tested and the amplification of actin mRNA fragments ranging in length from 82 to 507 bp was used to demonstrate the presence of RNA in the extracts. The method was compared to existing extraction techniques by studying the quality of the templates for reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR), using virus-infected and mock-infected paraffin-embedded cell pellets as a model. PCR amplification of cellular and viral RNA was successful for RNA isolated by use of all extraction techniques, although the glass bead method was preferred for its simplicity and rapidity. Specimens fixed with formalin were found to be suitable for PCR, but the best results were obtained with acetone-fixed paraffin-embedded material. Dewaxing of tissue sections had no effect on the yield and quality of RNA extractions, and further purification of the extracts using gel filtration did not improve the results. After the protocols were optimized, rotavirus-infected cell pellets were used to demonstrate that extraction and amplification of dsRNA was possible. The information obtained from the studies with the model system was used for extraction of toroviral and rotaviral RNA from archival intestinal material. These data indicate that paraffin-embedded archival tissue can be used for RT-PCR analysis, adding an important technique to diagnostic pathology and retrospective studies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU PHS HHS [YO2-A1-90002-02] NR 33 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90076-4 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LM897 UT WOS:A1993LM89700006 PM 8396155 ER PT J AU LIN, JC DE, BK LIN, SC AF LIN, JC DE, BK LIN, SC TI RAPID AND SENSITIVE GENOTYPING OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS USING SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS OF POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; GENOTYPING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS ID NUCLEAR ANTIGEN-2; INTERNAL REPEAT; DELETION MUTANT; DNA; REGION; LYMPHOMA; P3HR-1; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB Two distinct wild-type Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strains (A and B) that have significantly diverged at the two small RNA-encoding region (EBER) have been identified (Arrand et al., 1989). In order to test whether single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) would correlate with these sequence variations, we designed primer pairs specific for EBER-encoding regions for amplification of divergent sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR-amplified products from six EBV-positive cell lines were analyzed by SSCP method, and the results were compared with the prototype strains B95-8 (type A) and AG876 (type B). Type-specific point mutations were detected as demonstrated by shifts in mobility due to conformational changes of DNA sequences. The locations of point mutations were identified by direct sequencing of the PCR amplified DNA. Of the three primer pairs designed, the pair that amplified a 190 bp fragment spanning six type-specific point mutations gave the best resolution in SSCP analysis. This pair is now preferred for initial genotyping of EBV-infected tumor biopsies. Thus, SSCP is a simple, fast and efficient technique for genotyping of EBV-associated diseases. RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MOLEC BIOL SECT,MS-D02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUL PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 233 EP 246 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90079-7 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LM897 UT WOS:A1993LM89700009 PM 8396156 ER PT J AU RAICHLE, L AF RAICHLE, L TI STIMULATING CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN LABORATORY SCIENCE STUDENTS SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Being creative on the job is one of the many skills required of the laboratory professional In addition, having a hgh level of competency in innovation skills and technical knowledge is necessary. Teaching these skills through competency-based instruction gives today's students, who are tomorrow's professionals, the autonomous ability to process information and seek solutions. RP RAICHLE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL LAB TRAINING NETWORK,EASTERN AREA RESOURCE OFF,POB 500,EXTON,PA 19341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 24 IS 7 BP 407 EP 410 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LH950 UT WOS:A1993LH95000006 ER PT J AU ELIXHAUSER, A LUCE, BR TAYLOR, WR REBLANDO, J AF ELIXHAUSER, A LUCE, BR TAYLOR, WR REBLANDO, J TI HEALTH-CARE CBA CEA - AN UPDATE ON THE GROWTH AND COMPOSITION OF THE LITERATURE SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; BENEFIT AB Cost-benefit (CBA) and cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) are methods that enumerate the costs and consequences associated with health-related technologies, services, and programs. This article examines the trends in published CBA and CEA of personal health services from 1979 through 1990. It is based on a bibliography that was compiled to help address the immense need for information on the variation and effectiveness of medical practices, particularly as researchers expand their analysis to a study of the cost effectiveness of medical and surgical interventions, health care technologies, preventive practices, and other health programs. A systematic search was conducted for all articles under the heading ''cost-benefit analysis'' (which includes cost-effectiveness analysis) and ''costs and cost analysis.'' Data sources included the MEDLARS (National Library of Medicine) database, other bibliographies in specialized areas, reference lists in key articles, and contacts with researchers in the field. All titles and abstracts were scanned to determine if the articles pertained to personal health services and if both costs and consequences were assessed. If both criteria were met, the article was included in the bibliography. This search resulted in 3,206 eligible CBA/CEA publications from 1979 through 1990. The publications were subdivided into two major categories: reports of studies and ''other'' publications, including reviews, descriptions of methodology, letters, and editorials. Reports of studies and ''other'' publications were classified into approximately 250 different topic areas. The studies were further classified by parameters, such as study type, publication vehicle, and medical function. This article describes the results of this classification and describes trends during 1979 to 1990 compared with 1966 to 1978. The classification of study reports and ''other'' publications into 250 topic areas is presented in Appendix A. The entire bibliography is reproduced in Appendix B. Detailed tables of findings are presented in Appendix C, and the results are illustrated graphically in Appendix D. Appendix E provides the coding scheme used in the bibliography's data base. C1 BATTELLE HUMAN AFFAIRS RES CTR,MED TECHNOL ASSESSMENT & POLICY RES CTR,370 LENFANT PROMENADE,WASHINGTON,DC 20024. AGCY HLTH CARE POLICY & RES,CTR GEN HLTH SERV INTRAMURAL RES,DIV PROVIDER SERV,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,OH PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 12 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 SU S BP JS1 EP JS11 DI 10.1097/00005650-199307001-00001 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LP326 UT WOS:A1993LP32600001 PM 8326780 ER PT J AU FRIEDE, A TAYLOR, WR NADELMAN, L AF FRIEDE, A TAYLOR, WR NADELMAN, L TI ONLINE ACCESS TO A COST-BENEFIT COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS BIBLIOGRAPHY VIA CDC WONDER SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is undertaking an assessment of prevention effectiveness; using information from cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis (CBA/CEA) studies will be integral to this effort. To facilitate this work, a bibliography of articles that discusses both the costs and consequences of personal health services has been created. For 1979 to 1990, 3,206 articles were identified and classified into more than 250 topics. To provide simplified, readily available access to this resource in a system in which searches would not be key-word dependent, the authors created an on-line version of the bibliography and incorporated it into CDC WONDER, the CDC's on-line public health information system. Users can limit their queries by traditional bibliographic criteria (author, journal, publication type, year of publication, and country of origin); the full text of the abstract; or criteria particular to the CBA/CEA bibliography (topic, study type, and medical function). Having the CBA/CEA bibliography in CDC WONDER allows it to be searched and updated easily and also permits researchers to create personalized subsets of references. This on-line bibliography should help researchers in their efforts to identify gaps in knowledge of the relationship between costs and outcomes and the role of prevention in controlling health care expenditures. RP FRIEDE, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OH,PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JUL PY 1993 VL 31 IS 7 SU S BP JS12 EP JS17 DI 10.1097/00005650-199307001-00002 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LP326 UT WOS:A1993LP32600002 PM 8392124 ER PT J AU HUNTER, SB BANDEA, C SWAN, D ABBOTT, K VARMA, VA AF HUNTER, SB BANDEA, C SWAN, D ABBOTT, K VARMA, VA TI MUTATIONS IN THE P53 GENE IN HUMAN ASTROCYTOMAS - DETECTION BY SINGLE-STRAND CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS AND DIRECT DNA-SEQUENCING SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIONCOGENE; GLIOBLASTOMA; NEOPLASM; MUTATION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHROMOSOME-17; CANCER; LINE; SUPPRESSION; TUMORS; GROWTH AB The p53 gene was examined in a series of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded astrocytic neoplasms of various types by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP), and direct sequencing of amplified DNA. PCR primers were designed to amplify three DNA fragments encompassing exons 5, 7, and 8 with splice sites, including all four mutational ''hot spots'' within this gene. SSCP was performed in a polyacrylamide gel containing 10% glycerol. Two mutations were found among the 20 high and intermediate grade adult astrocytomas studied by this sensitive screening technique and confirmed by sequencing of the PCR product. (1) An anaplastic astrocytoma disclosed a T-A transversion in Codon 246 giving rise to a methionine to lysine amino acid substitution. (2) A giant cell glioblastoma disclosed a G to A transition in Codon 285 resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution. Both mutations were associated with loss of the normal allele. Twenty-three DNA fragments that disclosed no mutation by SSCP analysis were confirmed to be negative by direct sequencing of amplified DNA. No mutations were detected in a series of eight juvenile cerebellar astrocytomas, a biologically distinct form of low-grade astrocytoma. Mutations of the p53 gene may play an important pathogenetic role in a subset of human astrocytomas. C1 ATLANTA VA MED CTR 113,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033. EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 442 EP 445 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA LM088 UT WOS:A1993LM08800010 PM 8415589 ER PT J AU ZANGWILL, KM HAMILTON, DH PERKINS, BA REGNERY, RL PLIKAYTIS, BD HADLER, JL CARTTER, ML WENGER, JD AF ZANGWILL, KM HAMILTON, DH PERKINS, BA REGNERY, RL PLIKAYTIS, BD HADLER, JL CARTTER, ML WENGER, JD TI CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE IN CONNECTICUT - EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK-FACTORS, AND EVALUATION OF A NEW DIAGNOSTIC-TEST SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AGENT AB Background. Although cat scratch disease is commonly diagnosed in patients who have unexplained regional lymphadenopathy after encounters with cats, its epidemiology and the risk factors for disease are not clearly defined, and there is no generally accepted diagnostic test Methods. We conducted a physician survey to identify cases of cat scratch disease occurring over a 13-month period in cat owners in Connecticut. We interviewed both the patients (or their parents) and controls matched for age who owned cats. Serum from the patients was tested for antibodies to Rochalimaea henselae with a new, indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Results. We identified 60 patients with cat scratch disease and 56 age-matched, cat-owning control subjects. Patients were more likely than controls to have at least one pet kitten 12 months old or younger (odds ratio, 15), to have been scratched or kitten by a kitten (odds ratio, 27), and to have had at least one kitten with fleas (odds ratio, 29). A conditional logistic-regression analysis found that in kitten-owning households, patients were more likely than controls to have been scratched or bitten by a cat or kitten (odds ratio, 12.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 150). Of 45 patients, 38 had serum samples with titers of 1:64 or higher for antibody to R. henselae, as compared with 4 of 112 samples from controls (P<0.001). The positive predictive value of the serologic test was 91 percent. Of 48 serum samples from patients' cats, 39 were positive for antibodies to R. henselae, as compared with positive samples from 11 of 29 control cats (P<0.001). Conclusions. Cat scratch disease is strongly associated with owning a kitten, and fleas may be involved in its transmission. The serologic test for rochalimaea may be useful diagnostically, and our results suggest an etiologic role for this genus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,HARTFORD,CT. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,BUR HLTH PROMOT,EPIDEMIOL SECT,HARTFORD,CT. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZANGWILL, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 359 Z9 367 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1056/NEJM199307013290102 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LJ338 UT WOS:A1993LJ33800002 PM 8505963 ER PT J AU GROHMANN, GS GLASS, RI PEREIRA, HG MONROE, SS HIGHTOWER, AW WEBER, R BRYAN, RT AF GROHMANN, GS GLASS, RI PEREIRA, HG MONROE, SS HIGHTOWER, AW WEBER, R BRYAN, RT TI ENTERIC VIRUSES AND DIARRHEA IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; AIDS PATIENTS; GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; GASTROENTERITIS; ENTEROCYTOZOON; ADENOVIRUSES AB Background. Diarrhea occurs frequently among persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but the cause often remains unknown. We used a group of diagnostic assays to determine which viruses were etiologic agents of diarrhea in a group of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods. Stool and serum specimens were obtained from HIV-infected patients enrolled in a longitudinal study in Atlanta. Fecal specimens from patients with diarrhea and from control patients without diarrhea were screened by electron microscopy, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and enzyme immunoassays for rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, caliciviruses, picobirnaviruses, and astroviruses. Paired serum samples were tested for antibody responses to Norwalk virus and picobirnavirus. Results. Viruses were detected in 35 percent of 109 fecal specimens from patients with diarrhea but in only 12 percent of 113 specimens from those without diarrhea (P<0.001). Specimens from patients with diarrhea were more likely than those from patients without diarrhea to have astrovirus (12 percent vs. 2 percent, P = 0.003); picobirnavirus (9 percent vs. 2 percent, P = 0.017); caliciviruses, including small round structured viruses (6 percent vs. 1 percent, P = 0.062); and adenoviruses (9 percent vs. 3 percent, P = 0.047). They were also more likely to have a mixed viral infection (6 percent vs. 0 percent, P = 0.006). With the use of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to analyze concentrated RNA extracts from stool, picobirnavirus was detected in fecal specimens from 6 of the 65 patients with diarrhea and was associated with prolonged viral shedding and chronic diarrhea. No rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses, or instances of seroconversion to positivity for Norwalk virus were observed. Conclusions. Novel enteric viruses such as astrovirus and picobirnavirus may be more important etiologic agents of diarrhea in HIV-infected patients than previously recognized and may be more common than either bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012; OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X FU NIAID NIH HHS [YO2-AI-90002-02] NR 57 TC 205 Z9 208 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 1 PY 1993 VL 329 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1056/NEJM199307013290103 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LJ338 UT WOS:A1993LJ33800003 PM 8099429 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS MOSHER, WD AF WILCOX, LS MOSHER, WD TI USE OF INFERTILITY SERVICES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOMEN AB Objective: To examine the characteristics of women in the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth who reported having obtained medical services for impaired fecundity. Methods: From a national sample of 8450 women between the ages of 15-44, drawn from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the entire United States in 1988, we estimated the use of infertility services in the United States. Multivariate statistical modeling was used to identify the characteristics associated with use of infertility services among the 770 women who reported impaired fecundity in this survey. Results: Of all women with impaired fecundity, 43% had obtained some form of infertility service and 24% had obtained specialized infertility treatment-ovulation drugs, treatment of fallopian tubes, artificial insemination, or in vitro fertilization. Older, white, married women of higher socioeconomic status were most likely to have obtained specialized services, and a history of endometriosis was also strongly associated with having received such services. Conclusion: Most women with impaired fecundity had not obtained infertility services. Use of specialized services was strongly associated with certain sociodemographic variables or a history of endometriosis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,PROGRAM SERV & DEV BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV VITAL STAT,FAMILY GROWTH SURVEY BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 14 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 82 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LJ273 UT WOS:A1993LJ27300023 PM 8515911 ER PT J AU ADAMS, WG KINNEY, JS SCHUCHAT, A COLLIER, CL PAPASIAN, CJ KILBRIDE, HW RIEDO, FX BROOME, CV AF ADAMS, WG KINNEY, JS SCHUCHAT, A COLLIER, CL PAPASIAN, CJ KILBRIDE, HW RIEDO, FX BROOME, CV TI OUTBREAK OF EARLY-ONSET GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL SEPSIS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS-AGALACTIAE; EARLY ONSET DISEASE; NEONATAL SEPSIS; OUTBREAK; RISK FACTORS; CASE-CONTROL STUDY ID RISK-FACTORS; PREGNANCY; DISEASE AB During January and August, 1990, 23 cases of early onset Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease occurred in a Kansas City, MO, hospital with an attack rate of 14/1000 live births, compared with an annual rate of 1.2 cases/1000 live births for 1988 through 1989. Case infants were compared with controls matched by birth weight, race, maternal age and day of delivery and to a second group of infants of mothers colonized with GBS to identify risk factors and consider intervention strategies during the outbreak. The presence of multiple serotypes among the invasive strains suggested that the outbreak was not caused by a common source. Case mothers were more likely than control mothers to have chorioamnionitis, intrapartum fever or rupture of membranes >12 hours, and premature case infants were more likely to have a history of rupture of membranes before onset of labor. Multiparous mothers of case infants were more likely to have a history of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 45.9). No single factor could explain the increase in GBS disease. If intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis had been used for selected GBS carriers based on presence of either rupture of membranes >12 hours, intrapartum maternal fever or preterm labor, 7.4% of all deliveries would have received antibiotics and 73% of cases could potentially have been prevented. We conclude that identification of colonized mothers with perinatal risk factors and use of intrapartum antibiotics could be expected to prevent substantial disease during an outbreak of early onset GBS disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. STATE MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,JEFFERSON CITY,MO. CHILDRENS MERCY HOSP,NEONATOL SECT,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,TRUMAN MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,KANSAS CITY,MO 64108. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 565 EP 570 DI 10.1097/00006454-199307000-00003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LL351 UT WOS:A1993LL35100003 PM 8345997 ER PT J AU MOHLEBOETANI, JC AJELLO, G BRENEMAN, E DEAVER, KA HARVEY, C PLIKAYTIS, BD FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS WENGER, JD AF MOHLEBOETANI, JC AJELLO, G BRENEMAN, E DEAVER, KA HARVEY, C PLIKAYTIS, BD FARLEY, MM STEPHENS, DS WENGER, JD TI CARRIAGE OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B IN CHILDREN AFTER WIDESPREAD VACCINATION WITH CONJUGATE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B VACCINES SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS; COLONIZATION; CARRIAGE; VACCINE ID RESISTANT HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; MEDIA; STATE AB Rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in children decreased very rapidly after licensure of Hib conjugate vaccines. A role for a vaccine-related reduction in nasopharyngeal carriage of Hib has been suggested. We studied oropharyngeal carriage of Hib and vaccination rates in a population of 2-to 5-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta. Among 584 children 75% were vaccinated with an Hib conjugate vaccine, 17% had not been vaccinated and 8% had no vaccination records available. Forty-one percent of the children were colonized with H. influenzae. One child was colonized with Hib. Hib carriage (0.17%; upper 95% confidence interval boundary, 0.97%) was substantially lower than the estimates of Hib carriage from prior studies of children, who had not received Hib conjugate vaccines. Our data are consistent with a decline in Hib carriage induced by widespread use of conjugate Hib vaccines, which may have contributed to the decline of Hib disease in United States children. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ATLANTA DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,RES SERV,DECATUR,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOHLEBOETANI, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOTIC DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 22 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 589 EP 593 DI 10.1097/00006454-199307000-00009 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LL351 UT WOS:A1993LL35100010 PM 8346003 ER PT J AU ZENKER, PN ROLFS, RT BERMAN, S AF ZENKER, PN ROLFS, RT BERMAN, S TI COST OF CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS - REPLY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE CONGENITAL SYPHILIS RP ZENKER, PN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 12 IS 7 BP 621 EP 622 DI 10.1097/00006454-199307000-00020 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LL351 UT WOS:A1993LL35100021 ER PT J AU KOLBE, LJ AF KOLBE, LJ TI AN ESSENTIAL STRATEGY TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND EDUCATION OF AMERICANS SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PARTNERSHIPS; CHILDREN; PROGRAMS; ACCESS RP KOLBE, LJ (reprint author), US CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 113 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 22 IS 4 BP 544 EP 560 DI 10.1006/pmed.1993.1047 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA LU399 UT WOS:A1993LU39900011 PM 8415506 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, CA SEPE, SJ LIN, KFY AF ROBINSON, CA SEPE, SJ LIN, KFY TI THE PRESIDENTS CHILD IMMUNIZATION INITIATIVE - A SUMMARY OF THE PROBLEM AND THE RESPONSE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB After only 24 days in office, President Bill Clinton announced a comprehensive childhood immunization initiative designed to assure that all children in the United States lead healthier lives by receiving age-appropriate immunizations against preventable diseases such as polio, mumps, measles, whooping cough, and diphtheria. As part of his economic stimulus proposal, the President requested $300 million for Fiscal Year 1993 to reinforce the nation's immunization infrastructure by providing funding for communities to extend clinic hours, provide more staff, and increase information and education efforts and for the planning and implementation of a national immunization tracking system. In its Fiscal 1994 budget request, the Administration asked for a doubling of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's immunization program funding to $667 million. In cooperation with key congressional committees, the Administration has also prepared legislation that would provide recommended childhood vaccines to States for free distribution to health care providers who serve children enrolled in Medicaid or who don't have health insurance that covers immunization services. Providers could not charge for the vaccine but could charge a fee for administration. State Medicaid programs would also be required to reimburse providers reasonably for vaccine administration. This measure is designed to improve universal access to immunization services by helping to remove financial barriers that impede children from being immunized at the appropriate age. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ROBINSON, CA (reprint author), US PHS,NATL VACCINE PROGRAM OFF,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ROOM 13A-56 PARKLAWN BLDG,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852, USA. NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 419 EP 425 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300002 PM 8341773 ER PT J AU STEHRGREEN, PA DINI, EF LINDEGREN, ML PATRIARCA, PA AF STEHRGREEN, PA DINI, EF LINDEGREN, ML PATRIARCA, PA TI EVALUATION OF TELEPHONED COMPUTER-GENERATED REMINDERS TO IMPROVE IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AT INNER-CITY CLINICS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB The authors evaluated the effectiveness of computer-generated telephoned reminders used to raise the rates of on-time immunization among preschool-age children in two public clinics in Atlanta, GA. The overall effect of the intervention on immunization levels appeared to be minimal (crude relative risk = 1.07, 95 percent confidence interval = 0.78, 1.46), in part because only about 80 percent of children in both the randomly selected intervention group and in the control group were members of a household with a telephone number listed in clinic records. However, logistic regression analysis indicated that 36 of 68 children (52.9 percent) in the intervention group whose households were reached were vaccinated within 30 days of their due dates, compared to 31 of 75 children (41.3 percent) in the control group whose household telephone numbers were recorded but not called (adjusted odds ratio = 2.12, 95 percent confidence interval = 1.01, 4.46). This analysis indicates that telephoned reminders demonstrated a level of effectiveness in improving immunization levels at inner-city clinics that recommends further trial and study. C1 US PHS,OFF ASSISTANT SECRETARY HLTH,NATL VACCINE PROGRAM OFF,ROCKVILLE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP STEHRGREEN, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,OD ISO,MS E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300003 PM 8341774 ER PT J AU COTE, TR SIVERTSON, D HORAN, JM LINDEGREN, ML DWYER, DM AF COTE, TR SIVERTSON, D HORAN, JM LINDEGREN, ML DWYER, DM TI EVALUATION OF A 2-DOSE MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA VACCINATION SCHEDULE IN A COHORT OF COLLEGE ATHLETES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EPIDEMIC MEASLES; POPULATION; IMMUNITY AB Despite high vaccination levels, measles out-breaks continue to occur among vaccinated adults. In response, new guidelines call for two doses of measles vaccine. To determine seroprevalance and response to vaccination in seronegative persons, we tested serums from 256 college athletes at a Maryland State college by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, vaccinated seronegatives, then re-tested vaccinees. High school records were obtained for persons seronegative to measles. Of 256 students, 53 (21 percent) were seronegative to measles alone, 13 (5 percent) were seronegative to rubella alone, and 5 (2 percent) were seronegative to both. Among those seronegative to measles, 86 percent had previously received a dose of measles vaccine. After vaccination, 37 persons initially seronegative to measles and 9 seronegative to rubella were 97 percent and 100 percent seropositive, respectively. The high measles seroconversion rate suggests that the two-dose vaccine schedule should effectively control campus measles outbreaks and, if given as measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, will also improve immunity to rubella and mumps. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,CTR CLIN EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. UNIV MARYLAND,STUDENT HLTH SERV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. RP COTE, TR (reprint author), NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,6130 EXECUT BLVD,EPN 434,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 431 EP 435 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300004 PM 8341775 ER PT J AU JACKSON, BM PAYTON, T HORST, G HALPIN, TJ MORTENSEN, BK AF JACKSON, BM PAYTON, T HORST, G HALPIN, TJ MORTENSEN, BK TI AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF A RUBELLA OUTBREAK AMONG THE AMISH OF NORTHEASTERN OHIO SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB From April 1990 to April 1991, 278 cases of rubella were reported to the Ohio Department of Health. Of these, 276 (99 percent) were among the Amish of northeastern Ohio. The outbreak involved eight counties in an area that contains large settlements of Old Order Amish. Members of this community of Amish frequently take religious exemption from recommended immunization practices and are believed to represent a high proportion of Ohio's rubella-susceptible persons. Vaccination history was known only for 146 of the Amish people. Of those, only four had a positive history of rubella vaccination. Of the 276 Amish with cases of rubella, 65 (24 percent) were younger than age 5 years, 104 (38 percent) were ages 5-14, 46 (17 percent) were ages 15-19, 32 (12 percent) were ages 20-29, 6 (2 percent) were ages 30 or older, and age was not reported for 23 (8 percent). The ratio of males to females with rubella was 1:1. Five women of the Amish community were pregnant; four had been ill with symptoms consistent with rubella. Three were in their first trimester. Congenital rubella syndrome did not occur in any of the four live births. Serology was available for only the two non-Amish people, and both were acute phase serum-positive for Immunoglobulin M. C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,BUR PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 436 EP 439 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300005 PM 8341776 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, M CHAMBLEE, C CAMPBELL, HG BULKOW, LR TAYLOR, GE LANIER, AP BERNER, J SPIKA, JS WILLIAMS, WW MIDDAUGH, JP AF DAVIDSON, M CHAMBLEE, C CAMPBELL, HG BULKOW, LR TAYLOR, GE LANIER, AP BERNER, J SPIKA, JS WILLIAMS, WW MIDDAUGH, JP TI PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINATION IN A REMOTE POPULATION OF HIGH-RISK ALASKA NATIVES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB In response to an increasing prevalence of serious pneumococcal disease among adult Alaska Natives of northwest Alaska, a 3-year program was begun in 1987 to identify residents of that remote region who were at high risk for developing invasive pneumococcal disease, to determine their pneumococcal vaccination status, and to deliver vaccine to at least 80 percent of those at risk. After reviewing public health nursing and Indian Health Service data bases, the authors identified 1,337 persons, 20 percent of the 6,692 residents of the region, at high risk for invasive pneumococcal infection, defined either by having a specific chronic disease or by age criteria. Cardiovascular disease and alcoholism were the two most common chronic diseases. Only 30 percent of those determined to be at high risk had received one or more doses of pneumococcal vaccine previously. Half of those persons had received their most recent vaccination 6 or more years earlier. The program used both customary and innovative methods to deliver 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine to 1,046 of those at high risk (78 percent), including 388 persons who were revaccinated. At the completion of the project, 1,123 persons, 84 percent of those at high risk, had received at least 1 dose. They included 1,088 persons, 81 percent of those at high risk, with vaccination within the previous 5 years as a result of the project, compared with a 15-percent rate prior to the vaccination phase of the project. The program demonstrated that high levels of vaccination against pneumococcal disease, exceeding Year 2000 objectives of 60 percent, are attainable in a remote rural Alaskan population. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALASKA AREA NATIVE HLTH SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK. ALASKA DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,JUNEAU,AK. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 439 EP 446 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300006 PM 8341777 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, PZ DEEB, LC WOLFE, LE WILCOX, D MARKS, JS AF SIEGEL, PZ DEEB, LC WOLFE, LE WILCOX, D MARKS, JS TI STROKE MORTALITY AND ITS SOCIOECONOMIC, RACIAL, AND BEHAVIORAL-CORRELATES IN FLORIDA SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHRONIC DISEASES; HYPERTENSION AB Stroke mortality is associated both with being black and with having low socioeconomic status. However, it is uncertain to what extent that increased risk is related to rates of behavior-related risk factors, such as hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, or alcohol consumption. The investigators performed an ecologic analysis to estimate the contributions of behavioral risks, socioeconomic status, and black race to regional variations in stroke mortality rates among persons 55-84 years of age in Florida. They used data from the 1980 census and from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 1986 through 1988. Weighted multiple linear regression models indicated that regions in Florida with high stroke mortality rates were characterized by high prevalences of poverty, obesity, and hypertension. Although limited by its ecologic design, this study suggests that socioeconomic status and prevalence of behavioral risks contribute independently to interregional disparities in stroke mortality rates in Florida. BRFSS data, now available for more than 45 States, can be used to help clarify the relative contributions of behavioral and other risks to population-based mortality rates. C1 FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,CHRON DIS PROGRAM,PANAMA CITY,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SIEGEL, PZ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300008 PM 8341779 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW VARTIAINEN, E WHEELER, FC AF HEATH, GW VARTIAINEN, E WHEELER, FC TI SELF-REPORTED FREQUENCY OF SERUM-CHOLESTEROL TESTING, AWARENESS OF TEST-RESULTS, AND LABORATORY CHOLESTEROL VALUES IN 2 SOUTH-CAROLINA COMMUNITIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; DISEASE AB Self-reported frequency of cholesterol testing and awareness of test results were collected from 5,246 adults 18 years and older in two semirural communities in South Carolina. Serum cholesterol was also measured for about 60 percent of this group. More than half of these persons had serum cholesterol values greater than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg per dL) and 21 percent had values greater than 240 mg per dL. One-third of the population had had their cholesterol level measured within the past year; 40 percent reported that their cholesterol level had never been measured. Among persons whose cholesterol was 240 mg per dL or more, 39 percent reported that their cholesterol had never been measured or that they did not know if it had been measured, 37 percent reported that their cholesterol had been measured but that they were not told that it was high, and 18 percent reported that their cholesterol had been measured and that they were advised to reduce it. Among persons whose cholesterol was 200 mg per dL or more, and who reported that they had cardiovascular disease, 25 percent reported that they were advised to reduce their cholesterol. These results emphasize the need to increase the proportion of the population who have had their cholesterol level measured, who know their test results, and who have been properly counseled about the results. C1 NATL PUBL HLTH INST,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SF-00280 HELSINKI 28,FINLAND. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,APPLICAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300010 PM 8341781 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG TI DEATHS AMONG THE HOMELESS IN FULTON COUNTY, GA, 1988-90 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The circumstances surrounding the deaths of 128 homeless persons investigated by the Fulton County, GA, Medical Examiner's Office during the period 1988-90 and the demographic characteristics of the deceased were studied and analyzed. Emphasis was placed on cause and manner of death, unintentional injuries, and alcohol-related mortality. Ninety-eight percent of those who died were men, 55 percent occurred outdoors, 55 percent were due to natural causes, and 42 percent resulted from injuries, most of which were unintentional. The average age at death was 46 years, and 80 percent of those who died were found dead. Nearly half of the deaths (47 percent were related to the acute or chronic effects of alcohol; the blood of 45 percent tested positive for ethanol; of that 45 percent, 75 percent had a blood ethanol concentration that exceeded 0.1 grams per deciliter. Mortality patterns among the homeless persons in the study were similar to those previously reported in Fulton County and in San Francisco, CA. Available data indicate that mortality prevention strategies for the homeless in Fulton County should target alcohol abuse and unintentional injuries. Further studies are needed to document regional mortality patterns of the homeless. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 3 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 108 IS 4 BP 488 EP 491 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LR603 UT WOS:A1993LR60300014 PM 8341785 ER PT J AU POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A AF POPOFF, MY BOCKEMUHL, J MCWHORTERMURLIN, A TI SUPPLEMENT 1992 (NO 36) TO THE KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALMONELLA; SEROVARS; TAXONOMY; KAUFFMANN-WHITE SCHEME ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 15 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1992 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 12 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 2 to subspecies salamae and 1 to S. bongori. C1 NATL REFERENZZENT ENTERITISERREGER,INST HYG,HAMBURG,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP POPOFF, MY (reprint author), INST PASTEUR,INSERM,WHO COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES SALMONELLA,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 144 IS 6 BP 495 EP 498 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90058-A PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LZ077 UT WOS:A1993LZ07700009 PM 8190993 ER PT J AU GUINAN, ME AF GUINAN, ME TI THE MYTH OF SCIENCE AS A VALUE-FREE DISCIPLINE SO SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING LA English DT Article RP GUINAN, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0036-634X J9 SCHOLARLY PUBL PD JUL PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Information Science & Library Science SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Information Science & Library Science GA LQ395 UT WOS:A1993LQ39500010 ER PT J AU POTTER, LB ANDERSON, JE AF POTTER, LB ANDERSON, JE TI PATTERNS OF CONDOM USE AND SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AMONG NEVER-MARRIED WOMEN SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; 1982 NATIONAL SURVEY; CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE; UNITED-STATES; CHEMICAL BARRIERS; AMERICAN-WOMEN; FAMILY GROWTH; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; INFECTION AB Background and objectives: Use of condoms is one of the main methods sexually active persons may choose to prevent infection with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Little is known about patterns of condom use among women in the United States. We provide a conceptualization of patterns of condom use and factors associated with these patterns. Goal of this study: To examine patterns of condom use and associated characteristics among sexually active, never-married women in the United States. Study design: Analysis of data from the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth, which is a nationally representative sample of women in their childbearing years. Results: Only a minority of sexually active, never-married women report using condoms, and even fewer report using them consistently. Women with characteristics traditionally associated with increased risk of infection with STD and HIV appear to be less likely to report using condoms and to report using them consistently. Women who report use of condoms to prevent STDs are more likely to report consistent condom use; less likely to cease using condoms; and more likely to initiate consistent condom use. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need for innovative programming targeted for specific sexually active populations to promote both initiation and maintenance of use of condoms. RP POTTER, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP K-60,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 20 IS 4 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1097/00007435-199307000-00005 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA LN535 UT WOS:A1993LN53500005 PM 8211537 ER PT J AU BURTON, B DESPOSITO, F FROSTER, U HOLMES, LB HOLZGREVE, W JACKSON, L LAGE, J MAHONEY, MJ MENNUTI, M MILNER, R OLNEY, R WILSON, RD ZACHARY, JM DELACRUZ, F KAMINETZKY, H AF BURTON, B DESPOSITO, F FROSTER, U HOLMES, LB HOLZGREVE, W JACKSON, L LAGE, J MAHONEY, MJ MENNUTI, M MILNER, R OLNEY, R WILSON, RD ZACHARY, JM DELACRUZ, F KAMINETZKY, H TI REPORT OF NATIONAL-INSTITUTE-OF-CHILD-HEALTH AND HUMAN-DEVELOPMENT-WORKSHOP-ON-CHORIONIC-VILLUS-SAMPLING AND LIMB AND OTHER DEFECTS, OCTOBER 20, 1992 SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; MINOR ANOMALIES; MALFORMATIONS; ABNORMALITIES; REDUCTION; CVS AB A Workshop on Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) was convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists at the National Institutes of Health on April 17, 1992, to discuss recent reports of an increased occurrence of malformations of the upper and lower limbs and oral structures among CVS-exposed infants. We summarize here the defects described in the CVS-exposed infants, the retrospective reassessments of published studies of the safety of CVS, the prevalence of limb deficiencies in infants not exposed to CVS, the status of the 7-9 week (conception or fertilization age) embryo, and the relevant human and animal experimental models of how CVS might be harmful to the embryo or fetus. C1 UNIV HOSP BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT MED GENET,VANCOUVER,BC,CANADA. GEORGETOWN UNIV,CTR BIOSTAT,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. HUMANA HOSP MICHAEL REESE,CTR MED GENET,CHICAGO,IL. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,COMM GENET,EVANSTON,IL 60204. LUBECK MED UNIV,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,LUBECK,GERMANY. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,EMBRYOL TERATOL UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02114. UNIV MUNSTER,ZENTRUM FRAUENHEILKUNDE,W-4400 MUNSTER,GERMANY. THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,JEFFERSON MED COLL,DIV MED GENET,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20057. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT GENET,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. UNIV PENN,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT AIME COTTON,VANCOUVER V6T 1W5,BC,CANADA. CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. NICHHD,MENTAL RETARDAT & DEV DISABIL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 1993 VL 48 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA LH937 UT WOS:A1993LH93700003 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, MK BARFUSS, DW ZALUPS, RK AF ROBINSON, MK BARFUSS, DW ZALUPS, RK TI CADMIUM TRANSPORT AND TOXICITY IN ISOLATED-PERFUSED SEGMENTS OF THE RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULE SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVOLUTED TUBULES; CALCIUM CHANNELS; RAT; METALLOTHIONEIN; ABSORPTION; MECHANISM; KIDNEY; INTESTINE; WORKERS; CELLS C1 MERCER UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BASIC MED SCI,MACON,GA 31207. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05980, ES05157] NR 37 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 121 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1134 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LM692 UT WOS:A1993LM69200014 PM 8337694 ER PT J AU DEROSA, CT STEVENS, YW JOHNSON, BL AF DEROSA, CT STEVENS, YW JOHNSON, BL TI CANCER POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR - PUBLIC-HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Cancer remains at the forefront of public health concerns in the United States and throughout the world. Over the past 20 years a wide range of federal agencies and other organizations have been involved in developing policy statements, classification strategies, and assessment methods to address carcinogenesis and health risks. Each of these documents was developed in response to issues confronted by those organizations in pursuing their mission, often as a direct function of legislative mandates. In pursuing its mandated responsibilities, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) must address public health concerns associated with exposure to carcinogens in the context of all available relevant information. This information includes both technical data as well as science policy positions adopted by the range of organizations with programs germane to the assessment and/or regulation of carcinogens. Because of distinct differences in perspective, practice, and policy dictated by the mandated activities of these organizations and the rapidly evolving understanding of carcinogenesis, apparently divergent positions may be reflected in their conclusions. The differences outlined above, coupled with requests from the public, other agencies, and the private sector for a statement reflecting the Agency's position on science and science policy issues related to cancer, prompted the development of this policy. This document is intended to serve as a framework to guide the Agency in its programs and actions regarding carcinogens and to harmonize such efforts with those of other federal agencies and relevant organizations. This framework reflects an assessment of current practice within the Agency and defines the appropriate roles of conclusions derived by other groups, professional judgment, and emerging scientific principles in ATSDR's public health assessments of exposures to carcinogens. This Cancer Policy Framework is not intended to encompass the development of operational guidelines per se, although the Agency recognizes the utility of such efforts. A central theme of this Cancer Policy Framework is the use of risk analysis as an organizing construct based on sound biomedical and other scientific judgment to define plausible exposure ranges of concern rather than single numerical conclusions that may convey an artificial sense of precision. The development and use of innovative tools for exposure and dose response assessment (with particular emphasis on molecular epidemiology) are also endorsed. RP DEROSA, CT (reprint author), ATDSR,DIV TOXICOL,1600 CLIFTON RD E-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PRINCETON SCIENTIFIC PUBL INC PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 2155, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 1993 VL 9 IS 4 BP 559 EP 575 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA MD216 UT WOS:A1993MD21600001 PM 8296311 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR DOLL, LS WHITE, CR JOHNSON, E WILLIAMS, A AF PETERSEN, LR DOLL, LS WHITE, CR JOHNSON, E WILLIAMS, A TI HETEROSEXUALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AND THE UNITED-STATES BLOOD-SUPPLY - CONSIDERATIONS FOR SCREENING OF POTENTIAL BLOOD-DONORS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; DONATION; ANTIBODY; AIDS; HIV AB The impact of heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the United States blood supply was assessed, and deferral criteria that may exclude potential donors who are at high risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection were evaluated. Interviews were conducted with 508 HIV-seropositive blood donors from May 1, 1988, to August 31, 1989 (Phase 1), and with 472 donors from January 1, 1990, to May 31, 1991 (Phase 2), at 20 blood centers. From Phase 1 to Phase 2, the overall HIV prevalence decreased from 0.021 to 0.01 8 percent (p<0.001). HIV risk factors among HIV-1-seropositive donors were similar during both study phases. Eleven percent of the men and 56 percent of the women reported as their only risk that they had a heterosexual partner who was at increased risk for HIV or was known to have HIV. These percentages were similar during both study periods. During Phase 2, 13 percent of the men and 17 percent of the women with heterosexual transmission risk had a positive serologic test for syphilis, hepatitis B core antibody, or hepatitis C antibody. Among HIV-1-seropositive donors reporting heterosexual risk, the median numbers of previous-year and lifetime sex partners for men were 2 and 30, respectively; for women, those numbers were 1 and 7, respectively. Thirty-one percent of the men and 6 percent of the women reporting heterosexual transmission risk also reported having had syphilis or gonorrhea within 3 years of donation. It is concluded that the impact of heterosexual transmission of HIV infection on transfusion safety is not worsening at this time. Donor deferral based on reported numbers of sex partners or history of sexually transmitted disease is likely to have little benefit and will exclude a large number of HIV-uninfected donors. C1 AMER NATL RED CROSS,JEROME H HOLLAND LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20014. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS MS E46,SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 1993 VL 33 IS 7 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1993.33793325049.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA LM691 UT WOS:A1993LM69100005 PM 7687391 ER PT J AU MAHY, BWJ COMPANS, RW AF MAHY, BWJ COMPANS, RW TI IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF PERSISTENT VIRAL-INFECTIONS - SAVANNA, GA, USA - OCTOBER 24-28, 1992 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material RP MAHY, BWJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Compans, Richard/I-4087-2013 OI Compans, Richard/0000-0003-2360-335X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90121-3 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA LQ240 UT WOS:A1993LQ24000001 ER PT J AU DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL ROBERTS, CR LAL, RB AF DEZZUTTI, CS RUDOLPH, DL ROBERTS, CR LAL, RB TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE I-INFECTED AND II-INFECTED T-CELL LINES - ANTIGENIC, PHENOTYPIC, AND GENOTYPIC ANALYSIS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; HTLV; T-CELL LINE; GENOTYPE; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; LONG TERMINAL REPEATS; HTLV-I; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; AFRICAN PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; LYMPHOMA; IMMORTALIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Eighteen long-term T-cell lines were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) or II (HTLV-II). These cell lines (10 HTLV-I and 8 HTLV-11), representing diverse pathologic profiles and geographic regions, have been in culture for over 6 months and have constitutively produced p24gag antigen. Antigenic characterization of the cell lines by Western blot analysis demonstrated that all but one produced gag (p24) and env (gp46 or gp52) structural proteins; one HTLV-I-infected cell line exhibited an aberrant protein profile. Phenotypic analysis of the HTLV-infected cell lines demonstrated phenotypes consistent with activated T-cells (CD5+, CD25+, HLA-DR+). The HTLV-I-infected cell lines were predominantly CD4+ (IR, FS, A212, SP, 1657, 1742, 3669, 1996, and 3614), whereas EG was CD8+. The HTLV-II-infected cell lines were either CD4+ (H2A, Y17, G12.1), CD8+ (H1H, H2E, Y03, Y06), or both (H1B). Restriction map analysis and subtyping of the viral genomes demonstrated heterogeneity among these isolates. Of the HTLV-I-infected cell lines, six were subtype II, one was subtype III and, on the basis of additional restriction sites, another subtype, tentatively classified as subtype IV, could he identified for three of the HTLV-I-infected cell lines. Of the HTLV-II-infected cell lines, six were subtype HTLV-IIa and two were subtype HTLV-IIb. While the majority of the cell lines resemble the prototypic HTLV-I-infected (MT-2) and HTLV-II-infected (MoT) cell lines, the antigenic, phenotypic, and genotypic data collectively demonstrate heterogeneity among viral isolates representing diverse geographic regions. C1 WALTER REED ARMY INST RES,DIV DIAGN VIROL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP DEZZUTTI, CS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 59 EP 70 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90125-7 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA LQ240 UT WOS:A1993LQ24000005 PM 8105609 ER PT J AU BLACK, JB INOUE, N KITEPOWELL, K ZAKI, S PELLETT, PE AF BLACK, JB INOUE, N KITEPOWELL, K ZAKI, S PELLETT, PE TI FREQUENT ISOLATION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-7 FROM SALIVA SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-7; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; SALIVA; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION ID T-CELLS; VIRUS; DNA; HHV-6; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; HIV; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN-Z29; PREVALENCE AB We obtained isolates of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) from 6 of 8 healthy adults by culturing saliva with human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. These isolates were identified as HHV-7 on the basis of comparisons of restriction endonuclease fragment profiles and hybridization with HHV-7 strain RK DNA. The isolates could be differentiated from HHV-7 strain RK and from each other by their restriction endonuclease fragment profiles. We confirm the finding of frequent isolation of HHV-7 from saliva of healthy adults and report the first dual isolation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and HHV-7 from a single saliva specimen. We also describe an in situ hybridization assay that can distinguish between HHV-6 and HHV-7. RP BLACK, JB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1993 VL 29 IS 1 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90128-A PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA LQ240 UT WOS:A1993LQ24000008 PM 8212853 ER PT J AU GREENGARD, JS FERNANDEZ, JA SUN, X TANG, WW WILSON, CB HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, D RADTKE, KP GRIFFIN, JH AF GREENGARD, JS FERNANDEZ, JA SUN, X TANG, WW WILSON, CB HOOPER, WC PHILLIPS, D RADTKE, KP GRIFFIN, JH TI PROTEIN-S - A NATURAL SUBSTRATE OF THE KIDNEY AND BRAIN GAMMA-CARBOXYLASES SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SCRIPPS RES INST, LA JOLLA, CA USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Fernandez, Jose/A-3211-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN 30 PY 1993 VL 69 IS 6 BP 932 EP 932 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA LT577 UT WOS:A1993LT57701411 ER PT J AU HILLYER, CD DUNCAN, A LEDFORD, M BARRETT, TJ KLUMPP, SA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM WINTON, EF AF HILLYER, CD DUNCAN, A LEDFORD, M BARRETT, TJ KLUMPP, SA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM WINTON, EF TI CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME - DESCRIPTION OF A POTENTIAL ANIMAL-MODEL SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MIAMI,MIAMI,FL 33152. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN 30 PY 1993 VL 69 IS 6 BP 1027 EP 1027 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA LT577 UT WOS:A1993LT57701719 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA HUGHES, BJ WOERNLE, CH AF PEGUES, DA HUGHES, BJ WOERNLE, CH TI ELEVATED BLOOD LEAD LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH ILLEGALLY DISTILLED ALCOHOL SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note AB Whiskey produced in illegal stills (ie, ''moonshine'') remains an important and underappreciated source of lead toxicity in some rural counties of the Southeast. From March 5 through October 26, 1991, eight adult patients with elevated blood lead levels were identified at a rural county hospital in Alabama and were reported to the Alabama Department of Public Health notifiable disease surveillance system. A case-patient was defined as any person 17 years of age or more who presented to the hospital from january 1, 1990, through December 31, 1991, and had a blood lead level of 0.72 mumol/L or more (15 mug/dL or more). To identify cases and potential sources of lead exposure, we reviewed medical and laboratory records from the hospital, interviewed patients with elevated blood lead levels, and determined the lead content of moonshine samples. Nine patients met the case definition, including one patient who was not reported to the state. Patients ranged in age from 28 to 62 years; blood lead values ranged from 0.77 to 12.50 mumol/L (16 to 259 mug/dL). The most frequent signs of possible lead toxicity included seizures (six), microcytic anemia (five), and encephalopathy (two); one patient died. The only identified source of lead exposure for the nine patients was moonshine ingestion. Moonshine samples available from local stills contained sufficient amounts of lead (340 to 4600 mumol/L) to result in the observed blood lead levels. This investigation emphasizes the adverse health effects and ongoing public health impact of moonshine ingestion. C1 ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,434 MONROE ST,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUN 28 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 12 BP 1501 EP 1504 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.12.1501 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LJ892 UT WOS:A1993LJ89200011 PM 8512441 ER PT J AU FARLEY, MM HARVEY, RC STULL, T SMITH, JD SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD STEPHENS, DS AF FARLEY, MM HARVEY, RC STULL, T SMITH, JD SCHUCHAT, A WENGER, JD STEPHENS, DS TI A POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE DISEASE DUE TO GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCUS IN NONPREGNANT ADULTS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; III POLYSACCHARIDE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; INFECTION; BACTEREMIA; MENINGITIS; INFANTS; WOMEN AB Background. Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) are a major cause of meningitis and septicemia in neonates and pregnant women, but the importance of group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults has not been clearly defined. Methods. We conducted a prospective surveillance of the pathogens responsible for meningitis for a period of 24 months in 35 hospitals and a referral laboratory in metropolitan Atlanta. We reviewed the clinical and laboratory records of all the nonpregnant adults identified as having invasive group B streptococcal disease during this period. Results. During 1989 and 1990 there were 424 patients with invasive group B streptococcal disease (annual incidence, 9.2 cases per 1 00,000 population). Of these patients, 46 percent were 1 month of age or younger, 6 percent were older than 1 month but younger than 18 years of age, and 48 percent were 18 or older. Men and nonpregnant women accounted for 68 percent (n = 140) of all cases among adults (annual incidence, 4.4 per 100,000). Clinical and laboratory records were available for 137. In the nonpregnant adult patients (age, 18 to 99 years), the most common clinical diagnoses were skin, soft-tissue, or bone infection (in 36 percent); bacteremia with no identified source (30 percent); urosepsis (14 percent); pneumonia (9 percent); and peritonitis (7 percent). Risk factors included older age (greater-than-or-equal-to 60 years), the presence of diabetes meilitus, the presence of malignant neoplasms, and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. The mortality rate in nonpregnant adults was 21 percent, accounting for 67 percent of all deaths related to group B streptococcal infection during the surveillance period. Conclusions. Invasive group B streptococcal infection is a major problem not only in pregnant women and neonates but also in nonpregnant adults, especially those who are elderly and those who have chronic diseases. C1 GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP FARLEY, MM (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 25 TC 318 Z9 325 U1 1 U2 7 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 24 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 25 BP 1807 EP 1811 DI 10.1056/NEJM199306243282503 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LH210 UT WOS:A1993LH21000003 PM 8502269 ER PT J AU SMITH, DK NEAL, JJ HOLMBERG, SD AF SMITH, DK NEAL, JJ HOLMBERG, SD TI CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA WITHOUT HIV-INFECTION - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SMITH, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 24 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 25 BP 1849 EP 1850 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LH210 UT WOS:A1993LH21000017 ER PT J AU LIVENGOOD, JR CASPERSEN, CJ KOPLAN, JP BLAIR, SN AF LIVENGOOD, JR CASPERSEN, CJ KOPLAN, JP BLAIR, SN TI THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF EXERCISE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY C1 COOPER INST AEROB RES,DALLAS,TX 75230. RP LIVENGOOD, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 24 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 25 BP 1852 EP 1852 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LH210 UT WOS:A1993LH21000024 PM 8502278 ER PT J AU MADERY, G PARKER, D SHUTSKE, J AF MADERY, G PARKER, D SHUTSKE, J TI FATALITIES ATTRIBUTED TO ENTERING MANURE WASTE PITS - MINNESOTA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 325-329, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGR ENGN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. CDC,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV SAFETY RES,ATLANTA,GA. RP MADERY, G (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,CHRON DIS & ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL SECT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440, USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 23 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 24 BP 3098 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LH145 UT WOS:A1993LH14500010 ER PT J AU KAMB, ML JONES, JL KILBOURNE, EM FALK, H AF KAMB, ML JONES, JL KILBOURNE, EM FALK, H TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME OR FIBROMYALGIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID TRYPTOPHAN RP KAMB, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 23 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 24 BP 3108 EP 3109 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LH145 UT WOS:A1993LH14500020 ER PT J AU MORINIERE, BJ VANLOON, FPL RHODES, PH KLEINZABBAN, ML FRANKSENAT, B HERRINGTON, JE PALLANSCH, MA PATRIARCA, PA AF MORINIERE, BJ VANLOON, FPL RHODES, PH KLEINZABBAN, ML FRANKSENAT, B HERRINGTON, JE PALLANSCH, MA PATRIARCA, PA TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF A SUPPLEMENTAL DOSE OF ORAL VERSUS INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ENHANCED-POTENCY; POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION; STRATEGIES AB In many developing countries, the immunogenicity of three doses of live, attenuated, oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is lower than that in industrialised countries. We evaluated serum neutralising antibody responses in 368 children aged 6 months and 346 children aged 9 months in Cote d'Ivoire who had previously received three doses of OPV at 2,3, and 4 months of age, and who were then randomised to receive a supplemental dose of OPV or enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at the time of measles vaccination. Although both vaccines increased seroconversion to all three poliovirus types, antibody responses were greater in the IPV group. Among children with no detectable antibody at baseline, IPV was 2 to 14 times more likely than OPV to induce seroconversion (type 1, 80% vs 40% at 6 months [p < 0.001] and 81%vs 14% at 9 months [p < 0.001]; type 3, 76% vs 22% at 6 months [p < 0.001], and 67% vs 5% at 9 months [p < 0.001]). Among children with detectable antibody at baseline, IPV was 1-4 to 7 times more likely than OPV to elicit 4-fold or more rises in antibody titre (p < 0.01). Geometric mean titres (GMTs) to all three poliovirus types were also consistently higher among IPV recipients than in OPV recipients when measured 4-6 weeks and 13-17 months after vaccination. Administration of a supplemental dose of IPV or OPV, which requires no additional visits or changes in the existing immunisation schedule, might improve protection against paralytic poliomyelitis in communities with suboptimum seroconversion rates after three doses of OPV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR PROTECT MATERNELLE & INFANT KOUMASSI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 19 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8860 BP 1545 EP 1550 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90693-B PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LH550 UT WOS:A1993LH55000001 PM 8099637 ER PT J AU VULCAN, AP CAMERON, MH HEIMAN, L AF VULCAN, AP CAMERON, MH HEIMAN, L TI MANDATORY BICYCLE HELMET USE - VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 359-363, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VULCAN, AP (reprint author), MONASH UNIV,ACCID RES CTR,MELBOURNE,VIC 3004,AUSTRALIA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 23 BP 2967 EP 2967 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF941 UT WOS:A1993LF94100007 ER PT J AU ZHANG, D QIU, X AF ZHANG, D QIU, X TI SCHOOL-BASED TOBACCO-USE PREVENTION - PEOPLES-REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA, MAY 1989 JANUARY 1990 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 377, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZHANG, D (reprint author), CTR HLTH EDUC,HANGZHOU,PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 23 BP 2972 EP 2972 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF941 UT WOS:A1993LF94100009 ER PT J AU SELIK, RM CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW AF SELIK, RM CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW TI HIV-INFECTION AS LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG YOUNG-ADULTS IN UNITED-STATES CITIES AND STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To describe the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become the leading cause of death among young adults (25 to 44 years of age) in US states and cities of at least 100 000 population. Design.-Analysis of underlying causes of death using national vital statistics for 1990 by state and city. Deaths caused by HIV were defined as those with underlying cause assigned a code number of 042, 043, or 044, as established by the National Center for Health Statistics. Results.-Infection with HIV was the leading cause of death among young men in five states, causing 29% of their deaths in New York, 28% in New Jersey, 24% in California and Florida, and 16% in Massachusetts. Among young women, HIV was not the leading cause of death in any state. Among young men, HIV infection was the leading cause of death in 64 cities, with the proportion of deaths due to HIV ranging from 16% in Bridgeport, Conn, to 61% in San Francisco, Calif. Among young women, HIV infection was the leading cause of death in nine cities, with the proportion of deaths due to HIV ranging from 15% in Baltimore, Md, to 43% in Newark, NJ. Conclusion.-In many US communities, HIV infection is the leading cause of death among young men and women, causing a large proportion of deaths in this age group. RP SELIK, RM (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 18 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 23 BP 2991 EP 2994 DI 10.1001/jama.269.23.2991 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF941 UT WOS:A1993LF94100027 PM 8501840 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, AE HINDIN, R NICHOLAS, AG BRYAN, EL THOMAS, PA AF GREENBERG, AE HINDIN, R NICHOLAS, AG BRYAN, EL THOMAS, PA TI THE COMPLETENESS OF AIDS CASE REPORTING IN NEW-YORK-CITY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB Objective.-To assess the completeness of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case reporting in New York City (NYC), and to determine whether the completeness of reporting differs in various populations. Design.-Retrospective record review of hospital laboratory logs, death certificates, hospital discharge records, and patient registries at private physicians' offices and hospital outpatient clinics. Setting.-Public and private hospitals, and private physicians' offices in NYC. Patients.-Adults and adolescents with AIDS or with illnesses suggestive of AIDS were identified using both population-based and nonrandom sampling techniques. These persons were matched with the NYC AIDS case registry, and the medical records of nonmatching persons were reviewed to determine whether they met the 1987 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance case definition for AIDS. Main Outcome Measures.-The completeness of reporting was calculated for the five individual projects and for the aggregate database by gender, race/ethnicity, risk, borough of residence, age, first AIDS diagnosis, and year of diagnosis. Results.-Of 7015 persons with AIDS identified in the five projects, 5912 (84%) had been previously reported (range, 77% to 89%). The completeness of reporting ranged from 81% to 87% in all major gender, race/ethnicity, risk, borough of residence, and age subgroups. In a multivariate analysis, the odds of being unreported were significantly higher among outpatients in hospital clinics, out-of-state residents, persons with diagnoses other than Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and persons recently diagnosed with AIDS. Conclusions.-This study indicates that the NYC AIDS surveillance system functioned effectively during the first decade of the AIDS epidemic. Completeness-of-reporting studies are an integral part of AIDS surveillance, providing data that are critical for assessing the validity of the AIDS surveillance database. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP GREENBERG, AE (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,OFF AIDS SURVEILLANCE,BOX 44,125 WORTH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 23 BP 2995 EP 3001 DI 10.1001/jama.269.23.2995 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF941 UT WOS:A1993LF94100028 PM 8501841 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, CL RIFKIND, BM SEMPOS, CT CARROLL, MD BACHORIK, PS BRIEFEL, RR GORDON, DJ BURT, VL BROWN, CD LIPPEL, K CLEEMAN, JI AF JOHNSON, CL RIFKIND, BM SEMPOS, CT CARROLL, MD BACHORIK, PS BRIEFEL, RR GORDON, DJ BURT, VL BROWN, CD LIPPEL, K CLEEMAN, JI TI DECLINING SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AMONG UNITED-STATES ADULTS - THE NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS; MINNESOTA-HEART-SURVEY; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; DISEASE; TRENDS; MORTALITY; PLASMA; RISK AB Objective.-To examine the secular trend in serum total cholesterol levels of the US adult population. Design.-Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys with both an in-person interview and a medical examination that included the measurement of blood lipid levels. Setting/Participants.-Between 6000 and 13 000 adults aged 20 through 74 years examined in each of four separate national surveys during 1960 through 1962, 1971 through 1974, 1976 through 1980, and 1988 through 1991. Results.-Mean serum total cholesterol levels in US adults aged 20 through 74 years have consistently declined over the time period 1960 through 1991. More than half of the decline occurred during the time period 1976 through 1991. This decline occurred across the entire distribution of serum cholesterol levels and in all age-sex groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels have not changed, suggesting that the decline in total cholesterol levels is due to a decline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Conclusions.-These results document a continuing and substantial decline in serum cholesterol levels among US adults. They suggest that public health programs, designed to reduce cholesterol levels, are proving successful. The observed downward trend in serum cholesterol levels has coincided with a continuing decline in coronary heart disease mortality. These observations suggest that the Healthy People 2000 goal of reducing the mean serum cholesterol level of US adults to no more than 200 mg/dL (5.17 mmol/L) is attainable. C1 NHLBI,NATL CHOLESTEROL EDUC PROGRAM,BLDG 31,ROOM 4A-05,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 52 TC 388 Z9 399 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 23 BP 3002 EP 3008 DI 10.1001/jama.269.23.3002 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF941 UT WOS:A1993LF94100029 PM 8501842 ER PT J AU SEMPOS, CT CLEEMAN, JI CARROLL, MD JOHNSON, CL BACHORIK, PS GORDON, DJ BURT, VL BRIEFEL, RR BROWN, CD LIPPEL, K RIFKIND, BM AF SEMPOS, CT CLEEMAN, JI CARROLL, MD JOHNSON, CL BACHORIK, PS GORDON, DJ BURT, VL BRIEFEL, RR BROWN, CD LIPPEL, K RIFKIND, BM TI PREVALENCE OF HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL AMONG UNITED-STATES ADULTS - AN UPDATE BASED ON GUIDELINES FROM THE 2ND REPORT OF THE NATIONAL-CHOLESTEROL-EDUCATION-PROGRAM ADULT TREATMENT PANEL SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Objective.-To estimate the current levels and trends in the proportion of US adults with high blood cholesterol based on guidelines from the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP II). Design.-Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. Setting/Participants.-Data for 7775 participants 20 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (data collected from 1988 through 1991) and for 9797 participants 20 through 74 years of age from NHANES II (data collected from 1976 through 1980) were used. Results.-From the data collection period in NHANES II (1976 through 1980) to the period in NHANES III (1988 through 1991), the proportion of adults with high blood cholesterol levels (greater-than-or-equal-to 240 mg/dL [6.21 mmol/L]) fell from 26% to 20%, while the proportion with desirable levels (<200 mg/dL [5.17 mmol/L]) rose f rom 44% to 49%. Currently, using the ATP II guidelines and NHANES III data, 40% of all adults 20 years of age and older would require fasting lipoprotein analysis; and 29% of all adults would be candidates for dietary therapy (as compared with 36%, using NHANES II data). Based on 1990 population data, it is estimated that approximately 52 million Americans 20 years of age and older would be candidates for dietary therapy. Assuming that dietary intervention would reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 10%, as many as 7% of all adult Americans (approximately 12.7 million) might be candidates for cholesterol-lowering drugs. This estimate reflects approximately 4 million adults with established coronary heart disease, of whom half are aged 65 years and older, and up to 8.7 million adults without established coronary heart disease, of whom up to 3.1 million are aged 65 years and older. Conclusions.-Substantial progress has been made in reducing the prevalence of high blood cholesterol; yet a large proportion of all adults, approximately 29%, require dietary intervention for high blood cholesterol. C1 NHLBI,NATL CHOLESTEROL EDUC PROGRAM,BLDG 31,ROOM 4A-05,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,CTR CHILDRENS MED & SURG,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 18 TC 298 Z9 304 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 16 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 23 BP 3009 EP 3014 DI 10.1001/jama.269.23.3009 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF941 UT WOS:A1993LF94100030 PM 8501843 ER PT J AU TOKARS, JI MARCUS, R CULVER, DH SCHABLE, CA MCKIBBEN, PS BANDEA, CI BELL, DM AF TOKARS, JI MARCUS, R CULVER, DH SCHABLE, CA MCKIBBEN, PS BANDEA, CI BELL, DM TI SURVEILLANCE OF HIV-INFECTION AND ZIDOVUDINE USE AMONG HEALTH-CARE WORKERS AFTER OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HIV-INFECTED BLOOD SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ZIDOVUDINE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH PERSONNEL ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SCID-HU MICE; PROPHYLACTIC ZIDOVUDINE; POSTEXPOSURE CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; FAILURE; TYPE-1; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; RISK AB Objective: To study the risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the patterns of use and associated toxicity of zidovudine among health care workers after an occupational exposure to HIV. Design: An ongoing, prospective surveillance project conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants: Exposed workers voluntarily reported by 312 U.S. health care facilities from August 1983 to June 1992. Results: Four of 1103 enrolled workers with percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood seroconverted (HIV seroconversion rate, 0.36%; upper limit of the 95% CI, 0.83%); no enrolled workers with mucous membrane (n = 75) or skin (n = 67) contact seroconverted. During October 1988 to June 1992, 31% of 848 enrolled workers used zidovudine after exposure; this proportion increased from 5% during October through December 1988 to 43% during January through June 1992. Despite using zidovudine after exposure, one worker became infected with a strain of HIV that was apparently sensitive to zidovudine. Adverse symptoms, most commonly nausea, malaise or fatigue, and headache, were reported by 75% of workers using zidovudine; 31% of workers did not complete planned courses of zidovudine because of adverse events. Conclusions: The risk for HIV seroconversion after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is 0.36%, which is similar to previous estimates. Zidovudine is used after exposure by a sizable proportion of health care workers enrolled in the project despite frequent, minor, associated symptoms. Documented failures of postexposure zidovudine prophylaxis, including in one worker enrolled in this study, indicate that if zidovudine is protective, any protection afforded is not absolute. Postexposure zidovudine, if used, requires careful consideration of possible risks and benefits. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 241 Z9 244 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 12 BP 913 EP 919 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF937 UT WOS:A1993LF93700001 PM 8387737 ER PT J AU LIN, JC LIN, SC DE, BK CHAN, WP EVATT, BL AF LIN, JC LIN, SC DE, BK CHAN, WP EVATT, BL TI PRECISION OF GENOTYPING OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION USING 3 GENE LOCI (EBNA-2, EBNA-3C, AND EBER) - PREDOMINANCE OF TYPE-A VIRUS-ASSOCIATED WITH HODGKINS-DISEASE SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID REED-STERNBERG CELLS; BURKITT-LYMPHOMA; FREQUENT DETECTION; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; DELETION MUTANT; INTERNAL REPEAT; STRAIN P3HR-1; VIRAL-DNA; REGION; GENOMES C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL & MICROBIOL,OMAHA,NE 68105. RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,MOLEC BIOL SECT,MSD-02,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3372 EP 3381 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA LG659 UT WOS:A1993LG65900029 PM 8389616 ER PT J AU DAVIDSON, M BRAZIEL, RM LAIRMORE, MD JACOBSON, S SPROTT, JM TUCKER, SB LEVINE, PH KAPLAN, JE AF DAVIDSON, M BRAZIEL, RM LAIRMORE, MD JACOBSON, S SPROTT, JM TUCKER, SB LEVINE, PH KAPLAN, JE TI ATYPICAL HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I-ASSOCIATED T-CELL LYMPHOMA IN A LOW-PREVALENCE ALASKA NATIVE POPULATION - IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE LYMPHOMA; ADULT T-CELL LYMPHOMA LEUKEMIA; HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I); ALASKA NATIVE; ESKIMO ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HTLV-I; LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA; HODGKINS-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; CLASSIFICATION; RETROVIRUS; MYELOPATHY; FEATURES; REGION AB An atypical case of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) occurred in a 46-year-old Inupiat Eskimo man with no behavioral risk factors for HTLV-I infection. The case was characterized by lack of atypical circulating lymphocytes, hypercalcemia, and opportunistic infections; and by complete remission of the initial renal parenchymal lymphoma. The lymphoma cells had a helper T-cell (CD4) immunophenotype. Serum antibodies to HTLV I/II, detected by Western immunoblot, were identified in specimens collected 31 months before the onset of illness, at the time of diagnosis, and up to 37 months later, shortly before the patient's death. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify HTLV-I DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in lymphoma in involved skin. Clinicians should be alert to sporadic cases of both atypical and classic ATL, even in populations in which the prevalence of HTLV-I infection is low. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. NCI,VIRAL EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,PORTLAND,OR 97201. NIMH,NEUROIMMUNOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP DAVIDSON, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,225 EAGLE ST,ANCHORAGE,AK 99501, USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 15 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 12 BP 4072 EP 4076 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19930615)71:12<4072::AID-CNCR2820711244>3.0.CO;2-O PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LH256 UT WOS:A1993LH25600043 PM 8099530 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE FIELDS, HA FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS BONAFONTE, MT HOLLOWAY, B AF KHUDYAKOV, YE FIELDS, HA FAVOROV, MO KHUDYAKOVA, NS BONAFONTE, MT HOLLOWAY, B TI SYNTHETIC GENE FOR THE HEPATITIS-C VIRUS NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOPHAGE-T7 RNA-POLYMERASE; RECOMBINANT IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY; DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; HUMAN CARRIERS; CORE PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB A synthetic gene encoding the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleocapsid protein was constructed and expressed in E.coli. To synthesize this gene, we developed a new method that results in the enzymatic synthesis of long polydeoxyribonucleotides from oligodeoxy-ribonucleotides. The method, designated as the 'Exchangeable Template Reaction' (ETR), uses oligonucleotides as templates tor DNA polymerase. A special mechanism was designed to exchange the templates during the polymerase reaction. The mechanism relies on the formation of a single-stranded 3'-protrusion at the 'growing point' of the elongating DNA such that it can be subsequently annealed, in a sequence-specific manner, with the next synthetic oligonucleotide. When annealed to the 3'-protrusion, the added oligonucleotide becomes a template for DNA polymerase, and the protruding 3'-end of the double-stranded DNA is used as the primer. The HCV nucleocapsid gene was assembled with DNA ligase from three fragments synthesized by ETR. The data verify that this method is efficient. The main advantage of ETR is the ability to combine more than two oligonucleotides in one tube together with polymerase and an enzymatic activity that produces a 3'-protrusion (e.g., BstXI) rather than the sequential addition of each component. The data demonstrate that as many as five oligonucleotides can be used simultaneously, resulting in a synthesized DNA fragment of designed sequence. The synthetic gene expressed in E.coli produced a 27kDa protein that specifically interacted with antibodies from sera obtained from HCV-infected individuals. C1 DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. BIOKIT SA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. RP KHUDYAKOV, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JUN 11 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2747 EP 2754 DI 10.1093/nar/21.11.2747 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LJ612 UT WOS:A1993LJ61200030 PM 7687345 ER PT J AU CANO, RJ POINAR, HN PIENIAZEK, NJ ACRA, A POINAR, GO AF CANO, RJ POINAR, HN PIENIAZEK, NJ ACRA, A POINAR, GO TI AMPLIFICATION AND SEQUENCING OF DNA FROM A 120-135-MILLION-YEAR-OLD WEEVIL SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION AB DNA has been successfully isolated from both fossilized plant1 and animal tissues2-6. The oldest material, dated as 25-40 million years old (Tertiary), was obtained from amber-entombed been4,5 and termites6. Tissues from both these insects yielded DNA of good quality, which could be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently sequenced, including the genes encoding 18S ribosomal RNA5,6 and 16S rRNA6. We report here the extraction of DNA from a 120-135-million-year-old weevil (Nemonychidae, Coleoptera) found in Lebanese amber, PCR amplification of segments of the 18S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer, and the corresponding nucleotide sequences of their 315- and 226-base-pair fragments, respectively. These sequences were used for preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the nemonychidae, sequence with three extant coleopterans: Lecontellus pinicola (Nemonychidae), Hypera brunneipennis (Curculionidae) and the mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Tenebrionidae), and two extant dipterans: the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophilidae) and mosquito Aedes albopictus (Culicidae) for the purpose of ascertaining the origin of the extracted and amplified DNA. The results revealed that the PCR-amplified material is that of the extinct nemonychid weevil. This represents the oldest fossil DNA ever extracted and sequenced, extending by 80 million years the age of any previously reported DNA4-6. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. AMER UNIV BEIRUT,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,BEIRUT,LEBANON. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENTOMOL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP CANO, RJ (reprint author), CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO,DEPT BIOL SCI,SAN LUIS OBISPO,CA 93407, USA. NR 27 TC 165 Z9 180 U1 6 U2 27 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 10 PY 1993 VL 363 IS 6429 BP 536 EP 538 DI 10.1038/363536a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LF939 UT WOS:A1993LF93900047 PM 8505978 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED PARSONNET, J OSTERHOLM, MT AF MINTZ, ED PARSONNET, J OSTERHOLM, MT TI CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC DIARRHEA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID RAW-MILK; OUTBREAK C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,STANFORD,CA 94305. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. RP MINTZ, ED (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 10 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 23 BP 1713 EP 1714 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LF054 UT WOS:A1993LF05400020 PM 8487837 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T CHU, SY AF DIAZ, T CHU, SY TI CRACK COCAINE USE AND SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AMONG PEOPLE WITH AIDS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 22 BP 2845 EP 2846 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LE936 UT WOS:A1993LE93600009 PM 8497084 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA ARAL, SO AF PETERMAN, TA ARAL, SO TI EVALUATING BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS - NEED FOR RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 22 BP 2845 EP 2845 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LE936 UT WOS:A1993LE93600008 PM 8192724 ER PT J AU STLOUIS, ME KAMENGA, M BROWN, C NELSON, AM MANZILA, T BATTER, V BEHETS, F KABAGABO, U RYDER, RW OXTOBY, M QUINN, TC HEYWARD, WL AF STLOUIS, ME KAMENGA, M BROWN, C NELSON, AM MANZILA, T BATTER, V BEHETS, F KABAGABO, U RYDER, RW OXTOBY, M QUINN, TC HEYWARD, WL TI RISK FOR PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION ACCORDING TO MATERNAL IMMUNOLOGICAL, VIROLOGICAL, AND PLACENTAL FACTORS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY; SEROPOSITIVE MOTHERS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFECTION; TYPE-1; INFANTS; CELLS; AIDS; CHORIOAMNIONITIS AB Objective.-To evaluate how maternal and obstetric factors interact to influence mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Design.-Prospective, observational cohort study of children born to HIV-infected women to determine child's HIV infection status. The analysis then compared peripartum maternal, placental, and obstetric variables between HIV-1 transmitter and nontransmitter women. Setting.-Two large maternity wards in Kinshasa, Zaire. Participants.-Consecutive sample of 324 HIV-1-infected women at delivery, with 254 HIV-seronegative women followed up as control subjects. Principal Outcome Measures.-HIV infection status of children, to classify each woman as an HIV-1 transmitter or nontransmitter. Results.-The highest transmission risk (TR) was associated with maternal p24 antigenemia (TR, 71 %; relative risk [RR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 5.2) and maternal CD8+ lymphocyte counts of at least 1.80 X 10(9)/L (1800/muL) (TR, 50%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). Among women with CD8+ lymphocyte counts of less than 1.80 X 10(9)/L, CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 0.60 x 10(9)/L were a risk factor (TR, 29%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). In women with neither high CD8+ nor low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, placental membrane inflammation was associated with perinatal transmission (TR, 40%; RR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 13.7). In women with neither p24 antigenemia, high CD8+ or low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, nor placental membrane inflammation, the transmission risk was only 7%. Additional correlates of transmission included maternal anemia and fever, but not maternal sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusions.-Identifiable subgroups of HIV-1-infected women based on maternal and placental characteristics had between a 7% and 71% risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Not only the overall rate of transmission but the impact of different risk factors for transmission appear to vary over the course of HIV infection. C1 PROJET SIDA, KINSHASA, ZAIRE. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL, WASHINGTON, DC 20306 USA. RP STLOUIS, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, 1600 CLIFTON RD, MAILSTOP E-50, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Quinn, Thomas/A-2494-2010 NR 59 TC 235 Z9 241 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 22 BP 2853 EP 2859 DI 10.1001/jama.269.22.2853 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LE936 UT WOS:A1993LE93600020 PM 8098783 ER PT J AU CONWAY, GA EPSTEIN, MR HAYMAN, CR MILLER, CA WENDELL, DA GWINN, M KARON, JM PETERSEN, LR AF CONWAY, GA EPSTEIN, MR HAYMAN, CR MILLER, CA WENDELL, DA GWINN, M KARON, JM PETERSEN, LR TI TRENDS IN HIV PREVALENCE AMONG DISADVANTAGED YOUTH - SURVEY RESULTS FROM A NATIONAL JOB-TRAINING PROGRAM, 1988 THROUGH 1992 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; WOMEN; AIDS; POOR AB Objective.-To describe trends in the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among socially and educationally disadvantaged US youth. Design.-Analysis of demographic and geographic trends of HIV infection among Job Corps students from January 1988 through December 1992. Setting.-The Job Corps is a national training program for disadvantaged and out-of-school youth. Population Screened.-Youths aged 16 to 21 years who entered the Job Corps residential training centers during the survey period. Main Outcome Measure.-Trends in prevalence of HIV infection among Job Corps students stratified by sex, age, race, and region of the country. Results.-Of the 269 956 Job Corps students screened, 812 (0.3%) tested positive for the antibody to HIV type 1. Seroprevalence of HIV for young men decreased from 3.6 per 1000 in 1988 to 2.2 per 1000 in 1992 (chi2 test for trend, P<.001). Seroprevalence for young women increased from 2.1 per 1000 in 1988 to 4.2 per 1000 in 1990 (P=.001), with seroprevalence remaining stable from 1990 through 1992. The decreasing trends in HIV prevalence among men and increasing trends among women were primarily due to changes in seroprevalence in African-American students. Conclusions.-The overall prevalence of HIV infection of three per 1000 is high, given the youth of Job Corps students. The significant rise in HIV rates among female Job Corps students provides evidence of the increasing risk of infection for socioeconomically disadvantaged young women. Reasons for the declining trend in HIV prevalence among male Job Corps students are not clear, Efforts to prevent the spread of HIV infection among adolescents must focus on the group that is hardest to reach-out-of-school and impoverished youth. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,TECH INFORMAT ACT,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT LABOR,EMPLOYMENT & TRAINING ADM,OFF JOB CORPS,WASHINGTON,DC 20210. NR 14 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 9 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 22 BP 2887 EP 2889 DI 10.1001/jama.269.22.2887 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LE936 UT WOS:A1993LE93600026 PM 8497093 ER PT J AU BOYLAN, B BRANDT, V MUEHLBAUER, J AUSLANDER, M SPURLOCK, C FINGER, R AF BOYLAN, B BRANDT, V MUEHLBAUER, J AUSLANDER, M SPURLOCK, C FINGER, R TI GREEN TOBACCO SICKNESS IN TOBACCO HARVESTERS - KENTUCKY, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 237, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BARREN RIVER DIST HLTH DEPT,BOWLING GREEN,OH 43402. BUFFALO TRACE DIST HLTH DEPT,MAYSVILLE,KY 41056. CDC,NIOSH,INJURY EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NIOSH,KENTUCKY DEPT HLTH SERV,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECHN ASSISTANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CDC,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,SURVEILLANCE BRACH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BOYLAN, B (reprint author), LINCOLN TRAIL DIST HLTH DEPT,ELIZABETHTOWN,KY, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 21 BP 2722 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LD671 UT WOS:A1993LD67100007 ER PT J AU MSHAR, PA ERTEL, SH CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL AF MSHAR, PA ERTEL, SH CARTTER, ML HADLER, JL TI PHYSICIAN REPORTING OF LYME-DISEASE - CONNECTICUT, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 348, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MSHAR, PA (reprint author), CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH SERV,HARTFORD,CT 06106, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 21 BP 2726 EP 2726 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LD671 UT WOS:A1993LD67100009 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB ADDISS, DG GOODMAN, RA HOLLOWAY, BR SPENCER, HC AF THACKER, SB ADDISS, DG GOODMAN, RA HOLLOWAY, BR SPENCER, HC TI RATES OF INJURY AT DAY-CARE-CENTERS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 TULANE UNIV,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 2 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 21 BP 2734 EP 2735 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LD671 UT WOS:A1993LD67100011 ER PT J AU BRATTEGAARD, K KOUADIO, J ADOM, ML DOORLY, R GEORGE, JR DECOCK, KM AF BRATTEGAARD, K KOUADIO, J ADOM, ML DOORLY, R GEORGE, JR DECOCK, KM TI RAPID AND SIMPLE SCREENING AND SUPPLEMENTAL TESTING FOR HIV-1 AND HIV-2 INFECTIONS IN WEST-AFRICA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; RAPID TESTS; CONFIRMATORY TESTS; SUPPLEMENTAL TESTS; AFRICA; COTE-DIVOIRE; WESTERN BLOT ID FIELD AB Objective: To evaluate a combination of rapid tests as a strategy for screening and supplemental testing of serum for HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 antibodies. Design: Cross-sectional evaluation. Setting: Projet RETRO-Cl, an AIDS research project in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: Serum specimens were collected from 1000 consecutive women giving birth in an Abidjan maternal and child health centre and from 185 hospitalized patients. All serum specimens were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies by whole-virus enzyme immunoassay; repeatedly reactive specimens were further tested by virus-specific Western blot and synthetic peptide-based tests. This was the reference strategy against which the algorithm under evaluation was compared. All specimens were subsequently tested by a mixed (HIV-1 and HIV-2) recombinant antigen-based test (Abbott Testpack), followed, if positive, by a rapid synthetic peptide-based test (Genetic Systems Genie) as a supplemental test. Results: According to the reference strategy the prevalence of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection was 13% among the pregnant women and 78% among the hospitalized patients. Compared with the reference strategy, the combination of rapid tests was associated with a sensitivity of 99.6%, a specificity of 99.9%, and positive and negative predictive values of 99.6 and 99.9%, respectively. Four per cent of HIV-2-positive and 1% of HIV-1-positive specimens were considered dually reactive by the rapid test combination. Conclusions: Synthetic peptide-based tests provide an alternative to Western blots for supplemental testing for HIV-1 and HIV-2. This combination of rapid tests offers performance characteristics comparable to an enzyme immunoassay and Western blot-based strategy, without requiring running water, electricity, or a well-developed laboratory. High-quality serodiagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections is possible at the most peripheral levels of the health-care system in developing countries, the limiting factors being the costs of tests and training of staff. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRATTEGAARD, K (reprint author), PROJET RETRO CL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 6 BP 883 EP 885 DI 10.1097/00002030-199306000-00019 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LJ624 UT WOS:A1993LJ62400019 PM 8395857 ER PT J AU CRAVER, RD GOHD, RS SUNDIN, DR HIERHOLZER, JC AF CRAVER, RD GOHD, RS SUNDIN, DR HIERHOLZER, JC TI ISOLATION OF PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE-3 FROM CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID ASSOCIATED WITH ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE-3; MUMPS; ASEPTIC MENINGITIS ID INFECTION AB Parainfluenza virus type 3 has been isolated from the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from six individuals-four children and two adults-over a 10-year period. All had fever, and four had signs of meningitis. All recovered uneventfully, including one child undergoing chemotherapy for medulloblastoma. The clinical presentation of this child who developed parainfluenza virus type 3 meningitis is described, and the cases of five other individuals with parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from the CSF are briefly reviewed. The paramyxovirus parainfluenza type 3, in addition to mumps virus, may be considered capable of infecting the central nervous system. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CRAVER, RD (reprint author), LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,1901 PERDIDO,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112, USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 99 IS 6 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA LJ208 UT WOS:A1993LJ20800012 PM 8391749 ER PT J AU LONGINI, IM CLARK, WS KARON, JM AF LONGINI, IM CLARK, WS KARON, JM TI EFFECT OF ROUTINE USE OF THERAPY IN SLOWING THE CLINICAL COURSE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION IN A POPULATION-BASED COHORT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV-1; T4 LYMPHOCYTES; MARKOV PROCESS; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES; PENTAMIDINE; ZIDOVUDINE ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SAN-FRANCISCO; AIDS EPIDEMIC; DOUBLE-BLIND; ZIDOVUDINE; PENTAMIDINE; PREVENTION; PROPHYLAXIS; EFFICACY AB Clinical trials have shown that the prophylactic use of zidovudine and aerosolized pentamidine (or other antibiotics used as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons delays the development of AIDS, but the effectiveness of such therapy in general use in the population still remains largely undocumented. To help answer this question, the authors estimate the effectiveness of this therapy in a population-based cohort of HIV-infected homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco. The authors use a continuous-time Markov process to model the decline of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (T4-cells) measured in cells/muliter in HIV-infected persons. The model partitions the HIV (type 1) infection period into six progressive T4-cell count intervals (stages), followed by a seventh stage: AIDS diagnosis. The authors use maximum likelihood methods to fit the model to the observed transitions for 428 HIV-infected men during June 1984 to March 1991, from the San Francisco Men's Health Study. Since zidovudine was not widely used before 1988, the model has a component that controls for calendar time-related biases. The fitted model provides statistical estimates and confidence intervals for measuring therapy effectiveness. The authors estimate that prophylactic therapy reduces the progression rate from stage 4 (T4-cell count, 350-499) to stage 5 (T4-cell count, 200-349) by a factor of 0.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.22 to 0.55); from stage 5 to stage 6 (T4-cell count <200) by a factor of 0.33 (95% CI 0.04-0.54); and from stage 6 to 7 (AIDS) by a factor of 0.62 (95% CI 0.47-0.73). In addition, therapy started by an HIV-infected person in stage 4 is estimated to reduce the risk of developing AIDS by a factor of 0.83 (95% CI 0.46-0.94) at 6 months and 0.68 (95% CI 0.35-0.89) at 24 months after entering stage 4. Therapy started by HIV-infected persons in more advanced stages is estimated to reduce the risk of developing AIDS by factors ranging from 0.70 (95% CI 0.39-0.90), early in stage 5, to 0.28 (95% CI 0.14-0.45), late in stage 6. Thus, the prophylactic use of zidovudine and pentamidine in routine medical care has a strong, consistent, and significant effect in slowing the clinical course of HIV infection in a population-based cohort. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. RP LONGINI, IM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 11 BP 1229 EP 1240 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LM337 UT WOS:A1993LM33700007 PM 8100682 ER PT J AU SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA AREZZO, JC HORNUNG, RW CONNALLY, LB AF SWEENEY, MH FINGERHUT, MA AREZZO, JC HORNUNG, RW CONNALLY, LB TI PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY AFTER OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (TCDD) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; DIOXIN; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXINS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; NERVE CONDUCTION VELOCITY; VIBRATION SENSITIVITY ID WORKERS; DIOXIN; CHLORACNE; 2,4,5-T; SERUM AB Reports of human exposure to 2.3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) describe signs and symptoms consistent with exposure-related peripheral neuropathy. In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was measured in 265 workers exposed 15 years earlier to chemicals contaminated with TCDD and in 244 unexposed, age-, race-, gender- and community-matched comparisons. Cases of peripheral neuropathy were defined from examination, electrophysiologic and quantitative sensory tests, and symptoms. Exposure was assessed by measuring lipid-adjusted serum TCDD levels. The mean serum TCDD level for workers (220 parts per trillion (ppt)) was significantly higher than for referents (7 ppt) (p < .0001). Thirty-two percent of both worker and referent groups met the case definition for peripheral neuropathy. In the logistic regression analyses, serum TCDD level was not related to peripheral neuropathy. These data suggest that despite continued high serum TCDD levels, peripheral neuropathy is not a long-term sequela of high exposure to TCDD-contaminated chemicals. However, the study cannot preclude the occurrence and subsequent resolution of acute effects caused by high exposure, as experienced in Seveso and possibly by some workers, while exposed to high levels of TCDD-contaminated substances. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. RP SWEENEY, MH (reprint author), NIOSH,MAILSTOP R-16,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 845 EP 858 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230603 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LD344 UT WOS:A1993LD34400002 PM 8392292 ER PT J AU GARNER, JS AF GARNER, JS TI THE CDC HOSPITAL INFECTION-CONTROL PRACTICES ADVISORY-COMMITTEE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Note RP GARNER, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,BLDG 3,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 1993 VL 21 IS 3 BP 160 EP 162 DI 10.1016/0196-6553(93)90009-S PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA LJ661 UT WOS:A1993LJ66100009 PM 8393635 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ BOTTO, L WATERS, GD MASTROIACOVO, P CASTILLA, E ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ BOTTO, L WATERS, GD MASTROIACOVO, P CASTILLA, E ERICKSON, JD TI MONITORING FOR NEW MULTIPLE CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES IN THE SEARCH FOR HUMAN TERATOGENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; CONGENITAL; SURVEILLANCE; MUTAGENS; TERATOGENS ID SURVEILLANCE AB The ability of birth defects monitoring to detect new human teratogenic and mutagenic agents may be limited if only isolated defects are monitored. Surveillance for ''new'' multiple congenital anormalies (MCA) may improve the detection of environmental agents associated with new defect patterns. To evaluate the feasibility of such monitoring, we examined data from two programs: 1) the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), which ascertains infants with serious defects diagnosed in the first year of life, and, 2) the Italian Multicenter Register for Congenital Malformations (IPIMC), which ascertains newborn infants with birth defects from many hospitals in Italy. We focused on 24 relatively serious defects and defect groups. For a baseline period (MACDP: 1968-1988, 581,000 births; IPIMC: 1986-1989, 448,000 births), we identified all possible combinations of defects occurring in the same baby. For a test period (MACDP: 1989-1990, 77,000 births; IPIMC: 1990,91,500 births), we identified babies with ''new'' MCA (i.e., combinations of defects not observed before in the system). During this period in MACDP, of the 85 babies with two or more defects, 9 babies had new MCAs. In IPIMC, of the 54 babies with two or more defects, 10 babies had new MCAs. A review of the records of infants with new MCAs in MACDP and IPIMC did not identify commonalities in maternal characteristics. This analysis illustrates the feasibility of monitoring for new MCAs in surveillance systems. This approach, complemented by an evaluation of exposures, may be a powerful additional tool in searching for human teratogens and mutagens. C1 GENETICA, ECLAMC, FIOCRUZ, RJ, BRAZIL. UNIV CATTOLICA SACRO CUORE, PEDIAT CLIN, ITALIAN MULTICENTRIC REGISTER CONGENITAL MALFORMAT, I-00168 ROME, ITALY. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUN 1 PY 1993 VL 46 IS 4 BP 460 EP 466 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320460425 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LD361 UT WOS:A1993LD36100024 PM 8357024 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SS GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MIHALEK, E EWERT, D LEBARON, CE SWINT, EB HADLER, SC AF HUTCHINS, SS GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MIHALEK, E EWERT, D LEBARON, CE SWINT, EB HADLER, SC TI PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN AT HIGH-RISK FOR MEASLES - OPPORTUNITIES TO VACCINATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-SERVICES; CARE AB Objectives. In 1989 and 1990 the United States experienced a measles epidemic with more than 18 000 and 27 000 reported cases, respectively. Nearly half of all persons with measles were unvaccinated preschool children under 5 years of age. We sought to identify potential sites for vaccine delivery. Methods. Preschool children with measles were surveyed in five inner cities with measles outbreaks in 1989 to 1990 to assess the children's use of health care services and federal assistance programs before contracting measles. Results. Of 972 cases children surveyed, 618(64%) were eligible for measles vaccination at measles on-set. Of those, 93% had previously visited a health care provider (private physician, public clinic, hospital emergency department, or hospital outpatient department) and 65% were enrolled in a federal assistance program (AFDC, WIC, or food stamps). Based on parent-reported reasons for health care visits, in Dallas and New York City, health care providers of 24% of 172 children may have missed at least one opportunity to administer measles vaccine. Conclusions. Many potential opportunities exist to raise the vaccination coverage of unvaccinated preschool children. These opportunities depend on (1) health care providers taking advantage of all opportunities to vaccinate, and (2) immunization services being linked to federal assistance programs. C1 CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH,CHICAGO,IL. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,CHICAGO,IL. LOS ANGELES CTY HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP HUTCHINS, SS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,MAIL STOP E05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 862 EP 867 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.6.862 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF150 UT WOS:A1993LF15000017 PM 8498625 ER PT J AU PETERSON, DE ZEGER, SL REMINGTON, PL ANDERSON, HA AF PETERSON, DE ZEGER, SL REMINGTON, PL ANDERSON, HA TI EXCISE TAX INCREASES AND CIGARETTE SALES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID CONSUMPTION RP PETERSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,MS CO8,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 910 EP 910 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.6.910 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF150 UT WOS:A1993LF15000032 PM 8498636 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO AF ARAL, SO TI WOMEN SEXUAL BEHAVIORS - ONLY HALF THE PICTURE - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 6 BP 912 EP 912 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.6.912-a PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF150 UT WOS:A1993LF15000036 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, B MCDONALD, G AF ANDERSON, B MCDONALD, G TI CONSTRUCTION OF DNA LIBRARIES OF A-T RICH ORGANISMS USING ECORI STAR ACTIVITY SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID RESTRICTION C1 UNIV MISSOURI,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,COLUMBIA,MO 65212. RP ANDERSON, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Anderson, Burt/H-4449-2011 NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 211 IS 2 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1006/abio.1993.1278 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA LE087 UT WOS:A1993LE08700026 PM 8317710 ER PT J AU COOKSEY, RC CRAWFORD, JT JACOBS, WR SHINNICK, TM AF COOKSEY, RC CRAWFORD, JT JACOBS, WR SHINNICK, TM TI A RAPID METHOD FOR SCREENING ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS FOR ACTIVITIES AGAINST A STRAIN OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS EXPRESSING FIREFLY LUCIFERASE SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GENE AB We developed a rapid method to screen the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A restriction fragment carrying a promoterless firefly luciferase gene was cloned into a 4,488-bp shuttle vector, pMV261, and luciferase was expressed under the control of a mycobacterial heat shock promoter. The resulting plasmid, pLUC10, was introduced by electroporation into the avirulent strain M. tuberculosis H37Ra. Luciferase assays of sonic lysates of Triton X-100-treated cells of M. tuberculosis H37Ra(pLUC10) yielded bioluminescence in excess of 1,000 relative light units/approximately 10(9) tubercle bacilli, compared with 0.0025 for the same number of parental cells. A 48-h microdilution antimicrobial agent-screening assay using this strain was developed. C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BRONX,NY 10461. RP COOKSEY, RC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1348 EP 1352 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA LF135 UT WOS:A1993LF13500024 PM 8328785 ER PT J AU SATTEN, GA KUPPER, LL AF SATTEN, GA KUPPER, LL TI CONDITIONAL REGRESSION-ANALYSIS OF THE EXPOSURE DISEASE ODDS RATIO USING KNOWN PROBABILITY-OF-EXPOSURE VALUES SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE CONDITIONAL LIKELIHOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MISCLASSIFICATION ERROR; MULTIVARIATE EXTENDED HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION; ODDS RATIO REGRESSION; PROBABILITY OF EXPOSURE ID MODELS AB Conditional inference methods are proposed for the odds ratio between binary exposure and disease variables when only the probability of exposure is known for each study subject. We develop a conditional likelihood approach that removes nuisance parameters and permits inferences to be made about important parameters in log odds ratio regression models. We also discuss a heuristic procedure based on estimating the (unknown) number of truly exposed individuals; this procedure provides a simple framework for interpreting our likelihood-based statistics, and leads to a Mantel-Haenszel-type estimator and a goodness-of-fit test. As an example of the use of this methodology, we present an analysis of some genetic data of Swift et al. (1976, Cancer Research 36, 209-215). C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP SATTEN, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MS E-48,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07018] NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 808 17TH ST NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3910 SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD JUN PY 1993 VL 49 IS 2 BP 429 EP 440 DI 10.2307/2532556 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA LN254 UT WOS:A1993LN25400010 PM 8369379 ER PT J AU GILES, WH ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF YIP, R MARKS, J AF GILES, WH ANDA, RF WILLIAMSON, DF YIP, R MARKS, J TI IRON AND ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter RP GILES, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 6 BP 2065 EP 2066 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA LG175 UT WOS:A1993LG17500039 PM 8504525 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ COOPER, GR MYERS, GL SAMPSON, EJ AF SMITH, SJ COOPER, GR MYERS, GL SAMPSON, EJ TI BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY IN CONCENTRATIONS OF SERUM-LIPIDS - SOURCES OF VARIATION AMONG RESULTS FROM PUBLISHED STUDIES AND COMPOSITE PREDICTED VALUES SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; LIPOPROTEINS; VARIATION, SOURCE OF; TRIGLYCERIDE; METAANALYSIS; METAREGRESSION ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INTRA-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; LONG-TERM; ANALYTIC COMPONENTS; META-ANALYSIS; TRIGLYCERIDE; CONSTITUENTS; PARAMETERS; HUMANS AB To obtain the best estimates of the average intraindividual biological variability (CV(b)) in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and triglyceride serum lipids in a person's blood, we evaluated results from 30 studies published from 1970 to 1992. The usually more applicable random-effects model estimated an average CV(b) of 6.1% for TC, 7.4% for HDLC, 9.5% for LDLC, and 22.6% for triglyceride. Composite estimates of the average CV(b) from all evaluated published studies by different models of estimation ranged from 6.0% to 6.4% for TC, from 6.2% to 7.5% for HDLC, from 7.0% to 9.6% for LDLC, and from 22.4% to 22.9% for triglyceride. Two important factors influenced the reported biological variation of the study subjects: (a) the magnitude of the variability of the analytical method used and (b) the design characteristics of the study-primarily the number of subjects, the sampling interval, and the number of measurements per subject. For TC, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between the reported mean CV(b) and both the number of study subjects and the analytical variation. For TC and LDLC we estimate CV(b) as a function of the study design features. The number of patient specimens required to obtain reliable estimates for serum lipid concentrations are determined from the CV(b) and the current analytical variation. RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1012 EP 1022 PG 11 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LF992 UT WOS:A1993LF99200015 PM 8504530 ER PT J AU SCHIFF, TA MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM AF SCHIFF, TA MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM TI CUTANEOUS NOCARDIA-FARCINICA INFECTION IN A NONIMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT - CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID BRASILIENSIS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; ASTEROIDES; ABSCESS; HOST AB Nocardia farcinica, the etiologic agent of bovine farcy, is microbiologically related to but distinct from Nocardia asteroides. N. farcinica is noted for its propensity to cause serious systemic infection in both normal and immunocompromised hosts and its marked degree of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. We present a case in which a nonimmunocompromised patient who sustained a contaminated facial laceration developed an abscess due to N. farcinica with underlying osteomyelitis. The severity of the infection necessitated surgical debridement followed by administration of intravenous amikacin therapy. The isolate was susceptible to amikacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but resistant to erythromycin in vitro. Therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was started but was discontinued because of the patient's intolerance to the drug. Intramuscular amikacin was substituted, resulting in complete resolution of the infection. The history, epidemiology, and microbiological characteristics of this interesting and unusual microorganism are reviewed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHIFF, TA (reprint author), NYU MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016, USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 6 BP 756 EP 760 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LE423 UT WOS:A1993LE42300003 PM 8329506 ER PT J AU OLSVIK, B TENOVER, FC AF OLSVIK, B TENOVER, FC TI TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE IN PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1ST NORTH AMERICAN CONGRESS ON ANAEROBIC BACTERIA AND ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS CY JUL 24-26, 1992 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA SP ABBOTT LABS ID SYSTEMIC DOXYCYCLINE THERAPY; HUMAN GINGIVAL FLUID; LOCAL-DRUG DELIVERY; SUBGINGIVAL MICROFLORA; ACTINOBACILLUS-ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORAL CAVITY; DISEASE; BACTERIA; METRONIDAZOLE AB Antimicrobial agents are used in combination with debridement to eliminate putative periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, from diseased tissues. The most frequently used antimicrobial agents are the tetracyclines. However, these agents are not effective in some patients. This lack of efficacy may be due to antimicrobial resistance. As many as 75% of the bacteria in the subgingival flora may be resistant to tetracycline after long-term, low-dose treatment. Tetracycline resistance is mediated by the tet(M) determinant in some isolates of Veillonella species and Fusobacterium nucleatum, while a DNA probe to the tet(Q) determinant hybridizes to isolates of Prevolella denticola and P. intermedia. The mechanism of tetracycline resistance for most periodontal organisms, however, has yet to be determined. Before tetracycline is used as adjunctive therapy for refractory periodontitis, the subgingival bacterial flora should be tested for susceptibility. C1 UNIV OSLO,OSLO 3,NORWAY. RP OLSVIK, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,BLDG 5,ROOM 235,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 16 SU 4 BP S310 EP S313 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LE919 UT WOS:A1993LE91900028 PM 8324137 ER PT J AU ALAM, S AKRAM, K ASINA, ZH BENNISH, M BERN, C CHOWDHURY, AY CHOWDHURY, AK CHOWDHURY, AM GLASS, R HOSSAIN, A HOSSAIN, Z HUQ, JA ISLAM, K MATHBOR, GM NASEM, SMA OBRIEN, P RAHMAN, O RONSMANS, C SADDIQUE, MS SNIEZEK, J AF ALAM, S AKRAM, K ASINA, ZH BENNISH, M BERN, C CHOWDHURY, AY CHOWDHURY, AK CHOWDHURY, AM GLASS, R HOSSAIN, A HOSSAIN, Z HUQ, JA ISLAM, K MATHBOR, GM NASEM, SMA OBRIEN, P RAHMAN, O RONSMANS, C SADDIQUE, MS SNIEZEK, J TI HEALTH-EFFECTS OF THE 1991 BANGLADESH CYCLONE - REPORT OF A UNICEF EVALUATION TEAM SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article AB To assess the impact on health of the cyclone and tidal wave that struck the southern coast of Bangladesh on the evening of 29 April 1991, a team of health professionals visited cyclone affected areas from 4-27 June, 1991. Team members met with health workers and officials of the Government of Bangladesh and with staff from non-governmental organizations, and conducted field surveys in two severely affected areas. Mortality among the 135 households surveyed (pre-cyclone population 1, 123) was 14 per cent. At highest risk of deaths were children of less than 10 years (26 per cent mortality) and women of more than 40 (31 per cent mortality). Almost all deaths occurred as a result of drowning from the tidal wave that accompanied the cyclone. Although 95 per cent of the population surveyed had received warning of the cyclone four or more hours before it struck, the 300 existing cyclone shelters had capacity for only 450,000 of the 5,000,000 people affected by the cyclone. Deaths following the cyclone were few. Diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteria type 1, both of which are endemic in Bangladesh, occurred in the post-cyclone period. Reports by the national Diarrhea Surveillance System of large increases in diarrheal incidence following the cyclone were difficult to assess because of inconsistencies in pre- and post-cyclone reporting methods. No increase in other infectious diseases was identified. Although water availability had been a major concern following the cyclone, the tubewell system was functioning well in the area that was surveyed. Distribution of relief assistance by the Government of Bangladesh and by non-governmental organizations was good, with 95 per cent of families surveyed receiving food aid within five days of the cyclone. The major health effect of this cyclone was acute deaths due to drowning. Preventing deaths during future cyclones will require increasing accessible shelter. C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOX 041,BOSTON,MA 02111. CHITTAGONG MED COLL,CHITTAGONG,BANGLADESH. UNICEF,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. INST POSTGRAD MED & RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOVT BANGLADESH,CONTROL DIARRHEAL DIS PROGRAM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. RAND CORP,SANTA MONICA,CA 90406. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. PROGRAM INTRODUCT & ADAPTAT CONTRACEPT TECHNOL,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. BANGLADESH RURAL ADV COMM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. NATL INST PREVENT & SOCIAL MED,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. ESSENTIAL NATL HLTH RES PROGRAM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 153 EP 165 PG 13 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA LF356 UT WOS:A1993LF35600006 ER PT J AU SOMMERICH, CM MCGLOTHLIN, JD MARRAS, WS AF SOMMERICH, CM MCGLOTHLIN, JD MARRAS, WS TI OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SOFT-TISSUE DISORDERS OF THE SHOULDER - A REVIEW OF RECENT INVESTIGATIONS IN THE LITERATURE SO ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE SHOULDER; REPETITION STRAIN INJURY; OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN ENGINEERING ID MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; WORK TECHNIQUE; MUSCLE PAIN; CONTRACTION; DISCOMFORT; FATIGUE; LOAD; EMG AB Cumulative trauma illness currently accounts for over half of all occupational illness in the United States. From 1987 to 1989 there was a 100% increase in the reported number of cases of cumulative trauma illness (Bureau of Labor Statistics 1990). Shoulder region pain ranks second only to low back and neck pain in clinical frequency, and the occurrence of occupational shoulder illness is on the rise. This paper summarizes findings of a subset of recent epidemiologic, laboratory, and field studies conducted in order to identify occupational risk factors for cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) of the shoulder region. These studies have identified the following risk factors as being associated with particular shoulder pain syndromes: awkward or static postures, heavy work, direct load bearing, repetitive arm movements, working with hands above shoulder height, and lack of rest. The paper begins with a discussion of several shoulder disorders, includes problems in studying cumulative trauma, presents results of recent studies, and concludes with suggested ergonomic controls that could help to reduce the incidence of shoulder disorders, by eliminating or reducing exposure to the associated risk factors. C1 NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,ENGN CONTROL TECHNOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP SOMMERICH, CM (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT IND & SYST ENGN,BIODYNAM LAB,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. RI Sommerich, Carolyn/G-6134-2012 NR 51 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0014-0139 J9 ERGONOMICS JI Ergonomics PD JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 6 BP 697 EP 717 DI 10.1080/00140139308967931 PG 21 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Engineering; Psychology GA LB736 UT WOS:A1993LB73600010 PM 8513776 ER PT J AU MACERA, CA EAKER, ED JANNARONE, RJ DAVIS, DR STOSKOPF, CH AF MACERA, CA EAKER, ED JANNARONE, RJ DAVIS, DR STOSKOPF, CH TI A MEASURE OF PERCEIVED BURDEN AMONG CAREGIVERS SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article ID DEMENTIA AB This report describes an easily administered scale for measuring perceived burden among caregivers of family members with dementia. During home interviews conducted in 1991,82 caregivers rated their family member with dementia on several items related to functional ability, the type of care provided, and associated stress. The resulting measure of perceived burden, based on 15 internally consistent items (alpha = 0.87), is significantly correlated with depressive symptomatology (r = 0.38, p = 0.0004). This measure is useful in assessing perceived stress associated with specific care-giving responsibilities. It can be used, along with other measures of patient functional status, to assess overall caregiver burden and to target intervention strategies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP MACERA, CA (reprint author), UNIV S CAROLINA,COLUMBIA,SC 29208, USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1177/016327879301600205 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA LB440 UT WOS:A1993LB44000005 ER PT J AU HENNESSY, CH AF HENNESSY, CH TI MODELING CASE-MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING IN A CONSOLIDATED LONG-TERM-CARE PROGRAM SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE ON LOK SENIOR HEALTH SERVICES; RISK OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION; CARE PLANNING; CAPITATED FINANCING ID TIME AB This study identifies the informational factors and judgment processes involved in making two case management decisions within a consolidated long-term care program: evaluating risk of nursing home placement and choosing a care plan. A multidisciplinary case management team formulated these decisions for hypothetical clients described in vignettes (N = 1,507). The team used information about the client's condition and the program's available resources in judging risk of institutionalization, but only client-related information in selecting a care plan. RP HENNESSY, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,AGING STUDIES BRANCH,MAILSTOP K-51,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD JUN PY 1993 VL 33 IS 3 BP 333 EP 341 PG 9 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA LF380 UT WOS:A1993LF38000006 PM 8325520 ER PT J AU SHI, YP UDHAYAKUMAR, V ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM OLOO, A RUEBUSH, TK LAL, AA AF SHI, YP UDHAYAKUMAR, V ALPERS, MP POVOA, MM OLOO, A RUEBUSH, TK LAL, AA TI NATURAL ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AGAINST THE NON-REPEAT-SEQUENCE-BASED B-CELL EPITOPES OF THE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; SPOROZOITE; VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; KNOWLESI; POPULATION; RATIONALE; IMMUNITY; SAFETY AB Synthetic peptides and human serum or plasma samples from regions of Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and Kenya in which malaria is endemic were used to identify B-cell epitopes localized outside the repeat region of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In agreement with recent observations, our results confirm the presence of two non-repeat-region-based B-cell epitopes of the CS protein. Of these two epitopes, only the region I epitope (KPKHKKLKQPGDGNP) was previously shown to be recognized by human sera. In this study, we show that human immune sera from malarious regions recognize another B-cell epitope, ENANANNAV, that resides carboxyl to the repeat region. The present study reveals that (i) the repeat-sequence (NANP)-based B-cell epitope of the CS protein is an immunogenic but not immunodominant epitope; (ii) the natural expression of antibody responses to the two non-repeat-region-based B-cell epitopes of the CS protein varies in different populations in which malaria is endemic; (iii) although the host immune responses to the non-repeat-region-based B-cell epitopes increase as a function of host age, this increase is not statistically significant for the region I epitope but is significant for the other epitope; and (iv) the Th1R T-cell site but not the Th2R or Th3R T-cell site induces an antibody response in the human host. This study confirms the immunogenic potential of non-repeat-region-based B-cell epitopes and suggests that antibody pressures may also contribute to the maintenance of the antigenic diversity of the CS protein. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST EVANDRO CHAGAS,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,BRAZIL. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,VECTOR BIOL & CONTROL RES CTR,KISUMU,KENYA. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-02] NR 29 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2425 EP 2433 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LE498 UT WOS:A1993LE49800022 PM 7684729 ER PT J AU KING, CH MUNDAYOOR, S CRAWFORD, JT SHINNICK, TM AF KING, CH MUNDAYOOR, S CRAWFORD, JT SHINNICK, TM TI EXPRESSION OF CONTACT-DEPENDENT CYTOLYTIC ACTIVITY BY MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AND ISOLATION OF THE GENOMIC LOCUS THAT ENCODES THE ACTIVITY SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Note ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI HEMOLYSIN; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; PHAGOSOMAL MEMBRANES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; VIRULENCE; DISRUPTION; INDUCTION; SURVIVAL AB We investigated the presence of cytolytic activity in the virulent H37Rv and attenuated H37Ra strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The virulent strain H37Rv expressed >3-fold more contact-dependent cytolytic activity than the attenuated strain H37Ra, and the vaccine strain M. bovis BCG did not produce cytolytic activity. We also isolated an approximately 3.2-kbp fragment of the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome that was capable of inducing this contact-dependent hemolytic activity in a nonhemolytic strain of Escherichia coli. RP KING, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 61 IS 6 BP 2708 EP 2712 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LE498 UT WOS:A1993LE49800062 PM 8500911 ER PT J AU BOND, WW AF BOND, WW TI BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR A LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILIZER - A SOLUTION TO THE INSTRUMENT REPROCESSING PROBLEM SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP BOND, WW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HOSP ENVIRONM LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 6 BP 309 EP 312 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA LF748 UT WOS:A1993LF74800004 PM 8360461 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI THE DETECTION, TRANSMISSION, AND OUTCOME OF HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION SO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND DISEASE-REVIEWS ISSUES AND COMMENTARY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS C VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHRONIC INFECTION; PREVENTION ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; ACUTE NON-A; INTRAVENOUS-DRUG-USERS; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; POST-TRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; POSTTRANSFUSION NON-A; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; UNITED-STATES AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the primary etiologic agent of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis, is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis worldwide. The most efficient transmission of HCV is associated with percutaneous exposures to blood, but such exposures account for less than half of reported cases. Sexual, household, and perinatal transmission also seem to occur, but the risks associated with these types of exposures are still unknown. Virtually all persons with acute HCV infection seem to become chronically infected, and chronic liver disease with persistently elevated liver enzymes develops in an average of 67%, independent of the source for infection. The extraordinarily high rate of persistent infection observed in humans and the lack of protection against rechallenge with homologous HCV strains demonstrated in experimental studies in chimpanzees suggest that HCV fails to induce an effective neutralizing antibody response. This raises major concerns for the development of effective passive or active immunization against hepatitis C, and prevention may depend on a better understanding of the factors that facilitate the transmission of HCV infection. RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH G37,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 97 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1056-2044 J9 INFECT AGENT DIS JI Infect. Agents Dis.-Rev. Issues Comment. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 2 IS 3 BP 155 EP 166 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA MG712 UT WOS:A1993MG71200006 PM 8173786 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC AF TENOVER, FC TI DNA HYBRIDIZATION TECHNIQUES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-INTRACELLULARE; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 171 EP 181 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LK347 UT WOS:A1993LK34700002 PM 8345164 ER PT J AU LELAND, D MCANULTY, J KEENE, W STEVENS, G AF LELAND, D MCANULTY, J KEENE, W STEVENS, G TI A CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS OUTBREAK IN A FILTERED-WATER SUPPLY SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH CLINIC PATIENTS; CONTAMINATION AB From January to June 1992, a large outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Jackson County, Oregon. Epidemiologic investigations associated 43 cases of cryptosporidiosis with the drinking water system in the small community of Talent, Ore. Mechanical and operational deficiencies at one of the city's water filtration plants along with unusually poor raw-water supply conditions because of low stream flows were possible cocauses of the outbreak. Correction of the deficiencies in the filter plant resulted in substantial improvement in treated-water quality, and this improvement coincided with the end of the Talent-related outbreak. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JACKSON CTY PUBL HLTH CTR,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,MEDFORD,OR 97504. RP LELAND, D (reprint author), OREGON HLTH DIV,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DRINKING WATER SECT,800 NE OREGON ST,PORTLAND,OR 97232, USA. NR 18 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 85 IS 6 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA LF772 UT WOS:A1993LF77200010 ER PT J AU GUTEKUNST, KA KASHANCHI, F BRADY, JN BEDNARIK, DP AF GUTEKUNST, KA KASHANCHI, F BRADY, JN BEDNARIK, DP TI TRANSCRIPTION OF THE HIV-1 LTR IS REGULATED BY THE DENSITY OF DNA CPG METHYLATION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CPG; HIV; LATENCY; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; METHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; TRANS-ACTIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; TAR RNA; INHIBITS TRANSCRIPTION; INCUBATION PERIOD; LOOP SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; BINDING AB Transcription from the HIV-1 tong terminal repeat (LTR) was shown to be inhibited by DNA CpG methylation both in vivo and in vitro. Enzymatic methylation of CpG sites localized within the LTR decreased the transcription of the CAT reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as assayed by the transient expression of this gene in tissue culture. The inhibitory effect could be initially overcome, in trans, by the transactivator tat. As a function of time. the presence of tat had no observable effect on transcription, within the limits of detection sensitivity, suggesting that the level of basal transcription was reduced to very low levels. This effect is suggestive of the involvement of cellular CpG methylation-dependent inhibitory factors which have been characterized by other laboratories. These data imply that transactivation is reduced to low levels after longer periods of time when the DNA template is sparsely methylated. The transcriptional inhibitory process may involve proteins such as MeCP which may interact with methylated DNA more slowly and/or weakly. Conversely, densely methylated DNA was transcriptionally repressed immediately which suggests the rapid/strong association of the cellular inhibitory factor(s). The transcriptional inhibitory effect was also observed in an in vitro transcription run-off system. These data suggest that the methylation-mediated inhibition of transcription is directly affected by CpG methylation density and may involve other factors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NCI,MOLEC VIROL LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 541 EP 549 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LC751 UT WOS:A1993LC75100001 PM 8496786 ER PT J AU MOORE, PS ALLEN, S SOWELL, AL VANDEPERRE, P HUFF, DL SERUFILIRA, A NSENGUMUREMYI, F HULLEY, SB AF MOORE, PS ALLEN, S SOWELL, AL VANDEPERRE, P HUFF, DL SERUFILIRA, A NSENGUMUREMYI, F HULLEY, SB TI ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL-STATUS AND WEIGHT-LOSS IN HIV SEROCONVERSION AMONG RWANDAN WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS; HETEROSEXUAL; NUTRITION; VITAMIN-A; VITAMIN-E; CAROTENOIDS; SELENIUM; FERRITIN; ALBUMIN; WEIGHT; AFRICA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; VITAMIN-A; INFECTION; MEN; MANIFESTATIONS; TYPE-1; AIDS AB To investigate nutritional status and heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, we performed a nested case-control study of sexually active, adult women in Kigali, Rwanda. Forty-five women who seroconverted during the 24-month study period were compared to 74 women who remained seronegative throughout the study. Seroconvertors and nonseroconvertors did not differ in preseroconversion serum levels of vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin E, selenium, albumin, ferritin, or cholesterol. Weight loss, however, was a significant predictor of eventual HIV seroconversion. Subsequent seroconvertors lost an average of 1.5 kg during the first 6 months of the study compared with a 1.0-kg gain (p = 0.001) for nonconvertors. Nine of 27 (33%) seroconvertors, compared with one of 44 (2%) controls, lost at least 5 kg in the 6-month period beginning 1 year before their seroconversion (odds ratio, 21.5, 95% confidence interval 4.1-112). The association between weight loss and seroconversion was independent of other potential risk factors such as socioeconomic status, pregnancy, and genital ulcer disease. In addition to these findings for measured weight loss during follow-up, reported weight loss before enrollment was also a risk factor for subsequent seroconversion. Additional studies of heterosexual HIV transmission are needed to determine whether or not weight loss is causally related to susceptibility for HIV infection. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,DIV GEN INTERNAL MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,DIV CLIN EPIDEMIOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. MINIST HLTH,PROJET SAN FRANCISCO,KIGALI,RWANDA. MINIST HLTH,NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM,KIGALI,RWANDA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SERV,NUTR BIOCHEM BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOORE, PS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ARBOVIRAL DIS BRANCH,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Van de Perre, Philippe/B-9692-2008; Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Van de Perre, Philippe/0000-0002-3912-0427; Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LC751 UT WOS:A1993LC75100010 PM 8496790 ER PT J AU BASTIAN, L BENNETT, CL ADAMS, J WASKIN, H DIVINE, G EDLIN, BR AF BASTIAN, L BENNETT, CL ADAMS, J WASKIN, H DIVINE, G EDLIN, BR TI DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN WITH HIV-RELATED PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA - EXPERIENCE FROM 3,070 CASES IN NEW-YORK-CITY IN 1987 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; MORTALITY; GENDER; HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY; NATURAL-HISTORY; AIDS; SURVIVAL; ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTION; DISEASE; SYSTEM AB Although women make up the fastest growing group of persons with AIDS, studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons reported to date have included predominantly or exclusively men. We evaluated sex differences in sociodemographic characteristics, hospital characteristics, in-hospital resource use, and short-term mortality rates for 2,526 men and 544 women admitted for their first-episode of HIV-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in New York City in 1987. Compared with men, women were significantly less likely to be white (81% vs. 54%, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) or have private health insurance (80% vs. 58%, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001), and more likely to be admitted through an emergency room (79% vs. 71%, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) and receive care at hospitals that had less experience treating PCP (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001). Women were more likely than men to die in the hospital [33% vs. 24%; crude odds ratio = 1.56, confidence interval (CI) = 1.28-1.91, p less-than-or-equal-to 0.0011. In a logistic regression model, the risk of death in the hospital was associated with age 60-65 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.19, CI = 2.13-8.211, not having private health insurance (AOR = 1.37, CI = 1.08-1.75), admission through the emergency room (AOR = 1.54, CI = 1.21-1.96), and receiving care at hospitals with less experience treating PCP (AOR = 1.63, CI = 1. 15-2.30), but women were not significantly more likely to die in the hospital than men (AOR = 1.18, CI = 0.93-1.50). Poorer access to medical care as well as higher use of hospitals with less experience treating AIDS may account for the difference in mortality rates observed in women with HIV-related PCP. C1 DURHAM VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DEPT HLTH SERV RES & DEV 152,508 FULTON ST,DURHAM,NC 27705. DUKE UNIV,DEPT MED,DURHAM,NC 27706. DUKE UNIV,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,DURHAM,NC 27706. CTR HLTH POLICY RES & EDUC,DURHAM,NC. RAND CORP,SAN DIEGO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS0649402] NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 617 EP 623 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LC751 UT WOS:A1993LC75100011 PM 8496791 ER PT J AU HANSON, DL HORSBURGH, CR FANN, SA HAVLIK, JA THOMPSON, SE AF HANSON, DL HORSBURGH, CR FANN, SA HAVLIK, JA THOMPSON, SE TI SURVIVAL PROGNOSIS OF HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS-INDICATING DISEASES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV); CD4 T-LYMPHOCYTES; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; POOLED LOGISTIC REGRESSION ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; AIDS; ZIDOVUDINE; AZT AB Previous studies of survival after a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have reported variation in temporal trends in association with age, gender, race, mode of transmission, lymphadenopathy, antiretroviral therapy, and presence of specific opportunistic infections at diagnosis. We used a logistic regression model to assess the effect of these factors while controlling for other potential predictors of time from initial CD4 cell count to death in 839 HIV-infected patients at a public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Our study found that a CD4 level of <200 cells/mul [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.58, 1.851 and the presence of an AIDS-indicating condition (initial diagnosis OR = 2.50 and CI of 1.93, 3.24; diagnosis of a second AIDS condition OR = 3.02 and CI of 2.08, 4.40) are independently predictive of survival in HIV-infected persons. Furthermore, specific clinical manifestations of AIDS vary in their contribution to progression from diagnosis of AIDS to death. Therefore, changes in survival of AIDS patients must take into account changes over time in the relative frequency of specific AIDS-indicating diagnoses. C1 EMORY UNIV,GRADY MEM HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP HANSON, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP E-48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 624 EP 629 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LC751 UT WOS:A1993LC75100012 PM 8098753 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HIV-1 EXPRESSION AND CELL-CYCLE SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 694 EP 694 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LC751 UT WOS:A1993LC75100126 ER PT J AU HENEINE, W WOODS, T GREEN, D GRACIA, F FUKUDA, K BLATTNER, W KAPLAN, JE AF HENEINE, W WOODS, T GREEN, D GRACIA, F FUKUDA, K BLATTNER, W KAPLAN, JE TI DETECTION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II (HTLV-II) IN THE BREAST-MILK OF HTLV-II INFECTED MOTHERS USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 6 IS 6 BP 725 EP 725 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA LC751 UT WOS:A1993LC75100247 ER PT J AU FULLILOVE, MT GOLDEN, E FULLILOVE, RE LENNON, R PORTERFIELD, D SCHWARCZ, S BOLAN, G AF FULLILOVE, MT GOLDEN, E FULLILOVE, RE LENNON, R PORTERFIELD, D SCHWARCZ, S BOLAN, G TI CRACK COCAINE USE AND HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG SEXUALLY ACTIVE BLACK-ADOLESCENTS SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE CRACK COCAINE; HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS; CONDOM USE ID PLANNED SHRINKAGE; DRUG-USE; AIDS; COHORT; BRONX AB The recent spread of crack cocaine use among inner-city teenagers has been accompanied by dramatic increases in juvenile delinquency and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among teenagers. This study examined the prevalence of five factors which promote STDs, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among a sample of sexually active black adolescent crack users and non-users from the San Francisco Bay Area. Significant differences were observed between these groups with respect to history of engaging in sexual intercourse under the influence of drugs or alcohol, exchanging sexual favors for drugs or money, condom use in the most recent sexual encounter, and having five or more sexual partners in the last year. Approximately 63% of all respondents reported engaging in at least one of these risk behaviors. In multiple logistic regression analysis, reporting one or more of these STD/HIV risk behaviors was significantly associated with crack use and having one or more relatives who used drugs. Intervention efforts need to address both individual and environmental risk factors in order to reduce teens' risk for STDs, including HIV. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR AIDS PREVENT STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV NO COLORADO,DIV RES EVALUAT & DEV,GREELEY,CO 80639. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. RP FULLILOVE, MT (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIAT INST & HOSP,UNIT 29,722 W 168TH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10032, USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459] NR 25 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 295 EP 300 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(93)90177-Q PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA LJ368 UT WOS:A1993LJ36800008 PM 8347641 ER PT J AU DILORENZO, TA ABRAMO, DM HEIN, K CLARE, GS DELL, R SHAFFER, N AF DILORENZO, TA ABRAMO, DM HEIN, K CLARE, GS DELL, R SHAFFER, N TI THE EVALUATION OF TARGETED OUTREACH IN AN ADOLESCENT HIV/AIDS PROGRAM SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; AIDS AB Purpose: Most HIV infected youth are unaware of their serostatus. Among adolescents who know they are HIV positive, only a small percentage are currently receiving care in age-specific programs. Establishing effective links between prevention and service programs is critical in reaching this group of young people. Methods: A specific outreach strategy was designed to develop more referrals from a wider variety of agencies to better serve youth at risk for HIV. A needs assessment of community-based agencies was the basis for: 1. overcoming barriers to care, 2. specifying the target population, 3. assessing existing referrals, and 4. selecting agencies for different levels of intensity of outreach. Results: Six barriers faced by potential referring agencies were identified and corresponding solutions created which were incorporated into the outreach strategy. A comparison was made of referrals in the years before, during and after the outreach strategy was instituted. A significant difference by (Chi2 analysis) was noted in the number of agencies (p < 0.05), number of individuals (p < 0.01), number of appointments kept (p < 0.01), and the number of HIV+ youth enrolled (p < 0.01) during the year when the plan was fully implemented compared to previous and subsequent years. Conclusions: Systematic targeted outreach programs are an efficient way to maximize the time and effort of outreach staff. The result was an increase in the number and diversifity of referrals. This strategy could be used by groups caring for adults or younger children who want to expand services to include adolescents or by groups providing HIV/AIDS care who want to specifically serve adolescents. C1 MONTEFIORE MED CTR,ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,ADOLESCENT AIDS PROGRAM,111 E 210TH ST,BRONX,NY 10467. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [BRH P02050-02-0, U64/CCU202940-04] NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JUN PY 1993 VL 14 IS 4 BP 301 EP 306 DI 10.1016/1054-139X(93)90178-R PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA LJ368 UT WOS:A1993LJ36800009 PM 8347642 ER PT J AU HIERHOLZER, JC CASTELLS, E BANKS, GG BRYAN, JA MCEWEN, CT AF HIERHOLZER, JC CASTELLS, E BANKS, GG BRYAN, JA MCEWEN, CT TI SENSITIVITY OF NCI-H292 HUMAN LUNG MUCOEPIDERMOID CELLS FOR RESPIRATORY AND OTHER HUMAN VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINE; INFLUENZA; IDENTIFICATION AB NCI-H292 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells from human lungs were shown in an earlier report to be a fully adequate substitute for primary rhesus monkey kidney (MK) cells for the isolation and propagation of the human paramyxoviruses. Although sensitivity for ortho- and paramyxoviruses was the principal reason for using MK cells, the cells were also sensitive to many other viruses, which constituted another important value of MK cells. That MK cells supported the initial isolation and growth of so many respiratory viruses made it a mandatory cell type for any clinical laboratory. We therefore felt it was imperative to evaluate the virus spectrum of NCI-H292 cells, which are being used as a substitute for MK cells in many laboratories. In the present report, we show that NCI-H292 cells are sensitive for vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, adenoviruses, BK polyomavirus, reoviruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, some strains of influenza virus type A, most enteroviruses, and rhinoviruses, in addition to the parainfluenza and mumps viruses originally reported. Furthermore, these viruses replicate in NCI-H292 cells to the same virus and antigen titers and at the same speed of replication as they do in their usually preferred cells. The NCI-H292 cells are therefore an excellent substitute for MK cells in terms of laboratory safety, ease of availability, paramyxovirus isolation, and broad virus spectrum but cannot substitute for MK cells for the isolation of influenza viruses. C1 EMORY UNIV HOSP,DIV LAB MED,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,VIROL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,VIROL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30334. RP HIERHOLZER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CID,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH GY7,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1504 EP 1510 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LC728 UT WOS:A1993LC72800018 PM 8314992 ER PT J AU PATTON, CM NICHOLSON, MA OSTROFF, SM RIES, AA WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV AF PATTON, CM NICHOLSON, MA OSTROFF, SM RIES, AA WACHSMUTH, IK TAUXE, RV TI COMMON SOMATIC-O AND HEAT-LABILE SEROTYPES AMONG CAMPYLOBACTER STRAINS FROM SPORADIC INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; STABLE ANTIGENS; CO-AGGLUTINATION; JEJUNI-COLI; ENTERITIS; OUTBREAKS; TRANSMISSION; LIOR; MILK; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES AB Somatic O (formerly heat-stable) and heat-labile (HL) serotyping methods are commonly used to type Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates. Although both systems are effective, the labor and time required for each have limited their application. These systems can be simplified by reducing the number of antisera used. To find an appropriate panel of antisera, we determined the distribution of common serotypes in the United States among a representative sample of 298 Campylobacter isolates. The strains, obtained between July 1989 and June 1990 from persons with sporadic cases of diarrhea, were collected from 19 randomly chosen counties in all geographic (census) regions of the United States. All strains were serotyped by the O and HL systems. By phenotypic methods, 288 C. jejuni, 9 hippurate-negative C. jejuni/C. coli, and 1 Campylobacter lari were identified. Of 57 O antisera, 24 typed 252 (84.6%) strains. Of the 55 HL antisera, 23 serotyped 253 (84.9%) strains. All strains were typeable in the unabsorbed O antisera. In the absorbed HL antisera, four strains were nontypeable and 14 were rough and untypeable. In each geographic region, 9 or more O and HL serotypes were found. Serotypes O:1, O:4, and O:13,16,43,50 and HL 1 were identified in all regions. The combination of both schemes gave greater discrimination than either system alone, but the maintenance of both requires a large resource investment. A serotyping scheme incorporating the 24 most prevalent O and 23 most prevalent HL serotypes could be useful for outbreak support and for surveillance. In the near future, we anticipate using a molecular subtyping method in combination with limited serotyping to distinguish Campylobacter strains. RP PATTON, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [224-89-2477] NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1525 EP 1530 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LC728 UT WOS:A1993LC72800022 PM 7686183 ER PT J AU NACHAMKIN, I BOHACHICK, K PATTON, CM AF NACHAMKIN, I BOHACHICK, K PATTON, CM TI FLAGELLIN GENE TYPING OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI BY RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPING CAMPYLOBACTER; BIOTYPING SCHEME; STRAINS; COLI; DNA AB We developed and studied a molecular typing approach for Campylobacter spp. with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the flagellin gene flaA in C. jejuni. Using polymerase chain reaction, we amplified the flaA gene from strains comprising different HL:O serotypes by using a primer set directed at the conserved 5' and 3' flaA gene sequence to generate a 1.7-kb amplicon. The amplicon was further digested with the restriction enzyme DdeI, and the fragments generated were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In 43 non-outbreak strains of six common HL serotypes (HL 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, and 36) in the United States, 18 RFLP patterns were observed. In U.S. outbreak strains previously studied by 10 other typing methods, flaA typing correlated with the HL serotype within each outbreak, and six additional flaA types were identified. Our results suggest that RFLP analysis of the flaA gene from Campylobacter spp. has sufficient discrimination to be useful as a practical typing method for clinical and epidemiologic investigations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NACHAMKIN, I (reprint author), UNIV PENN,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. NR 20 TC 205 Z9 210 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 31 IS 6 BP 1531 EP 1536 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LC728 UT WOS:A1993LC72800023 PM 8100241 ER PT J AU MORRISON, CJ HURST, SF BRAGG, SL KUYKENDALL, RJ DIAZ, H MCLAUGHLIN, DW REISS, E AF MORRISON, CJ HURST, SF BRAGG, SL KUYKENDALL, RJ DIAZ, H MCLAUGHLIN, DW REISS, E TI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE EXTRACELLULAR ASPARTYL PROTEINASE OF CANDIDA-ALBICANS - REMOVAL OF EXTRANEOUS PROTEINS AND CELL-WALL MANNOPROTEIN AND EVIDENCE FOR LACK OF GLYCOSYLATION SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ACID PROTEINASE; SILVER STAIN; ADHERENCE; STRAINS; ANTIGEN; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOGENESIS AB Aspartyl proteinase (AP) is an extracellular enzyme of Candida albicans implicated as a pathogenic factor. Previous reports on the purification and characterization of AP suggested that a single DEAE-Sephadex chromatographic step was sufficient for the removal of extraneous proteins and that the final product was glycosylated. We purified AP using a chromatographic series consisting of DEAE-Sephadex A25, Sephadex G75 and rechromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A25. Use of DEAE-Sephadex alone did not remove extraneous proteins and removed little contaminating mannoprotein (MP). The addition of a Sephadex G75 column to the purification scheme removed the majority of contaminating MP and proteins. The final DEAE-Sephadex A25 chromatographic step resulted in (a) removal of detectable extraneous proteins, (b) removal of immunologically detectable MP by dot blot and Western blot enzyme immunoassay, (c) loss of periodic acid-silver stain positivity, and (d) a high AP yield (1295 U l-1) and specific activity (1749 U mg-1). We conclude that a single DEAE-Sephadex A25 purification step is insufficient to remove extraneous proteins and MP, which could interfere with the production of AP-specific antibodies and the dissection of moieties responsible for immune reactivity. Reports of periodic acid-Schiff or anthrone positivity of AP preparations may reflect the presence of extraneous NIP, which can be removed by the chromatographic series we describe. C1 TWENTY FIRST CENTURY CHILDRENS HOS,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. RP MORRISON, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 139 BP 1177 EP 1186 PN 6 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA LJ602 UT WOS:A1993LJ60200009 PM 8360611 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, JL TUTTLE, J PRAMUKUL, T OBRIEN, K BARRETT, TJ JOLBITADO, B LIM, YL VUGIA, D MORRIS, JG TAUXE, RV DWYER, DM AF TAYLOR, JL TUTTLE, J PRAMUKUL, T OBRIEN, K BARRETT, TJ JOLBITADO, B LIM, YL VUGIA, D MORRIS, JG TAUXE, RV DWYER, DM TI AN OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA IN MARYLAND ASSOCIATED WITH IMPORTED COMMERCIAL FROZEN FRESH COCONUT MILK SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE AB In August 1991, the first outbreak of cholera associated with an imported commercial food product occurred among persons attending a private picnic. An epidemiologic investigation showed infection with toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, in 4 of 6 persons who had consumed coconut milk imported from Thailand. In addition, the US Food and Drug Administration recovered toxigenic V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa, from 1 of 6 unopened bags of the same brand (but different shipment) of coconut milk as that consumed by infected persons. Investigation in Thailand of the manufacturing process of the implicated coconut milk showed several sanitary violations, suggesting that contamination had occurred during production. This outbreak suggests a model of entrance of V. cholerae into a population and shows the need to evaluate current methods of maintaining the safety of imported foods in the United States. C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENT HYG,ADM LABS,BALTIMORE,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,BALTIMORE,MD. BALTIMORE DIST FOOD & DRUG ADM,BALTIMORE,MD. CENTERS DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. THAI MINIST PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP TAYLOR, JL (reprint author), MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENT HYG,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,201 W PRESTON ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21201, USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1330 EP 1335 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LD694 UT WOS:A1993LD69400010 PM 8501322 ER PT J AU DENNIS, DT SMITH, RP WELCH, JJ CHUTE, CG ANDERSON, B HERNDON, JL VONREYN, CF AF DENNIS, DT SMITH, RP WELCH, JJ CHUTE, CG ANDERSON, B HERNDON, JL VONREYN, CF TI ENDEMIC GIARDIASIS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE - A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; WATERBORNE GIARDIASIS; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; TRANSMISSION; LAMBLIA; INFECTION; TODDLERS; INFANTS; POOL AB Giardiasis is the most frequently reported diarrheal disease in northern New England. A case-control study of endemic giardiasis and environmental risk factors among residents of New Hampshire involved 273 cases from the state's 1984 disease registry and 375 controls. Giardiasis was associated with a shallow dug well as a residential water source (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-47.0), a recent history of drinking untreated surface water (OR = 3.4; CI, 2.1-5.5), a history of swimming in a lake or pond (OR = 4.6; CI, 2.4-86.0) or swimming in any natural body of fresh water (OR = 4.0; CI, 2.3-70.0), contact with a person thought to have giardiasis (OR = 2.3; CI, 1.4-36.0), and recent contact with a child in day care (OR = 1.5; CI, 1.0-2.1). Multivariate modeling supported these associations. Shallow wells, relatively common in New Hampshire, have not previously been established as important sources of giardiasis. C1 MAINE MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,PORTLAND,ME 04102. CONCORD HOSP,INFECT CONTROL SECT,CONCORD,NH. BUR DIS CONTROL,NEW HAMPSHIRE DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,CONCORD,NH. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. CDC,DN SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA. DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,INFECT DIS SECT,HANOVER,NH 03756. RP DENNIS, DT (reprint author), CENTERS DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 31 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1391 EP 1395 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LD694 UT WOS:A1993LD69400019 PM 8501329 ER PT J AU CUTTS, FT MANDALA, K STLOUIS, M BROWN, C MAYALA, B ZELL, ER DEFOREST, A KAMENGA, M DAVACHI, F MARKOWITZ, LE AF CUTTS, FT MANDALA, K STLOUIS, M BROWN, C MAYALA, B ZELL, ER DEFOREST, A KAMENGA, M DAVACHI, F MARKOWITZ, LE TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF HIGH-TITER EDMONSTON-ZAGREB MEASLES-VACCINE IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTED CHILDREN IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFANTS AB The response to Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine (titer, 5.4 log10 pfu) was evaluated among children in a study of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Kinshasa. Acute postvaccination adverse events were monitored for 49 HIV-infected and 376 non-HIV-infected infants, and measles antibody responses were assessed by ELISA for 34 HIV-infected and 255 non-HIV-infected infants. There was no increase in the incidence of common symptoms 7-10 days after vaccination. HIV-infected infants were more likely to have detectable prevaccination measles antibody, and seroconversion after vaccination was somewhat lower in HIV-infected (76.5%) than non-HIV-infected infants (85.5%). Seroconversion rates did not differ among children with or without rhinitis or fever at vaccination. High-titer Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine given at 6 months of age has the potential to provide earlier protection against measles; however, this vaccine is no longer recommended for routine use, and two doses of standard-titer vaccines remains the preferred option for measles vaccination of HIV-infected infants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. ST CHRISTOPHERS HOSP CHILDREN,VIRUS LAB,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19133. MAMA YEMO HOSP,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1418 EP 1421 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LD694 UT WOS:A1993LD69400025 PM 8501334 ER PT J AU LUBY, S JONES, J DOWDA, H KRAMER, J HORAN, J AF LUBY, S JONES, J DOWDA, H KRAMER, J HORAN, J TI A LARGE OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS CAUSED BY DIARRHEAL TOXIN-PRODUCING BACILLUS-CEREUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of diarrhea occurred after a university field day. Of 643 attendees who returned mailed questionnaires, 139 (22%) reported illness. Persons who ate barbecued pork, which was unrefrigerated for 18 h after cooking, were five times more likely to become ill than those who did not eat pork (26% vs. 5%; relative risk, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-20.9). A leftover pork sample grew a Bacillus cereus isolate, > 10(5) cfu/g, that produced diarrheal toxin. Thirty-four percent of ill persons noted onset of illness outside the 6- to 24-h incubation period traditionally ascribed to B. cereus-mediated diarrhea, and an unusually high percentage (23%) noted fever. B. cereus may cause a wider spectrum of disease than previously described. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,FOOD HYG LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. RP LUBY, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 167 IS 6 BP 1452 EP 1455 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LD694 UT WOS:A1993LD69400033 PM 8501338 ER PT J AU ARANKALLE, VA CHOBE, LP JHA, J CHADHA, MS BANERJEE, K FAVOROV, MO KALININA, T FIELDS, H AF ARANKALLE, VA CHOBE, LP JHA, J CHADHA, MS BANERJEE, K FAVOROV, MO KALININA, T FIELDS, H TI ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE SPORADIC NON-A-VIRAL, NON-B-VIRAL HEPATITIS IN INDIA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOBLOT; PCR; ANTI-HEV-IGM; HCV-RNA ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; VIRUS AB Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis viruses are now classified as hepatitis E (enterically transmitted) and hepatitis C (parenterally transmitted). India experiences a large number of epidemics of the enteric disease every year. In addition, about 70% of the sporadic cases among adults are also due to NANB hepatitis. With the availability of an immunoblot assay for the detection of anti-HEV-IgM and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HCV-RNA, serum samples from epidemic and sporadic NANB patients were screened for these markers. We found that a large number of cases from the epidemics were HEV, though a few remained undiagnosed, while of the sporadic cases only a few could be diagnosed as HCV or HEV; a large proportion remained undiagnosed. C1 DI IVANOVSKII INST VIROL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ARANKALLE, VA (reprint author), NATL INST VIROL,HEPATITIS UNIT,20-A DR AMBEDKAR RD,POONA 411001,INDIA. NR 10 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 40 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890400208 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA LE820 UT WOS:A1993LE82000007 PM 8360633 ER PT J AU SCHRADER, SM TURNER, TW BREITENSTEIN, MJ SIMON, SD AF SCHRADER, SM TURNER, TW BREITENSTEIN, MJ SIMON, SD TI MEASURING MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES FOR OCCUPATIONAL FIELD STUDIES SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB As part Of our longitudinal study of unexposed workers, we drew blood samples and analyzed the individual endocrine profiles for 45 men. The blood collection was between 8 Am and 8 PM, and three blood samples were drawn 20 minutes apart on three occasions during the course of the study (June, October, and February). Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin were determined. A component of variance model was used to estimate variability between the 20-minute blood draws. Statistical power analysis using this component showed that three blood draws provide a marginal improvement over a single blood draw in detecting population shifts. Also, if the prospect of three blood draws reduces subject participation by 10 to 20%, the increase in power would be negated. RP SCHRADER, SM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 5 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 35 IS 6 BP 574 EP 576 DI 10.1097/00043764-199306000-00013 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LG735 UT WOS:A1993LG73500009 PM 8331437 ER PT J AU BERN, C LEW, J MCFEELEY, P ING, D ING, RT GLASS, RI AF BERN, C LEW, J MCFEELEY, P ING, D ING, RT GLASS, RI TI DIARRHEAL DEATHS IN CHILDREN LIVING IN NEW-MEXICO - TOWARD A STRATEGY OF PREVENTIVE INTERVENTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; THERAPY AB We reviewed 26 childhood diarrheal deaths examined by the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator, from 1980 through 1989, to identify circumstances surrounding the illness that might lead to strategies for prevention. Children who died were younger than 9 months of age (88%) and were from minority groups (American Indian 54%, Hispanic 23%); 12 (46%) had seen a physician within 3 days of death. Interventions to avert these deaths include educating parents to seek earlier treatment and health care providers to recognize that acutely dehydrating diarrhea can be fatal. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS, ATLANTA, GA USA. NEW MEXICO OFF MED INVESTIGATOR, ALBUQUERQUE, NM USA. RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 122 IS 6 BP 920 EP 922 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LF552 UT WOS:A1993LF55200016 PM 8501571 ER PT J AU BELL, DM SHAPIRO, CN GOOCH, BF AF BELL, DM SHAPIRO, CN GOOCH, BF TI PREVENTING HIV TRANSMISSION TO PATIENTS DURING INVASIVE PROCEDURES SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE WORKER; HEPATITIS-B; DENTAL PRACTICE; ORAL SURGEON; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; RISK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BELL, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI RICHMOND PA J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT 10619 JOUSTING LANE, RICHMOND, VA 23235 SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD SUM PY 1993 VL 53 IS 3 BP 170 EP 173 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1993.tb02697.x PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LQ351 UT WOS:A1993LQ35100008 PM 8396645 ER PT J AU TUGWELL, P CHAMBERS, L TORRANCE, G REYNOLDS, D WOLFSON, M BENNETT, K BADLEY, E JAMIESON, E STOCK, S AF TUGWELL, P CHAMBERS, L TORRANCE, G REYNOLDS, D WOLFSON, M BENNETT, K BADLEY, E JAMIESON, E STOCK, S TI THE POPULATION HEALTH IMPACT OF ARTHRITIS SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE POPULATION HEALTH IMPACT; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES; QUALITY OF LIFE; PREVALENCE OF ARTHRITIS; TRANSITION PROBABILITIES; RISK MODIFIERS AB The workshop was convened to develop quantitative estimates of the incidence of progressional musculoskeletal diseases in order to estimate the population health impact of arthritis. Estimates were developed for (a) the prevalence of arthritis, (b) a weighting strategy to adjust for the quality of life for the range of health states associated with arthritis, and (c) transition probabilities to represent the likelihood of disease onset and progression through the range of possible health states. A simulation ''game'' was designed to follow the progression of a cohort of 200 healthy persons or persons with arthritis, creating the basis for the estimation of transition probabilities and thus generating simulated longitudinal data that allow calculation of the quantitative estimate of the burden of illness from musculoskeletal diseases within the Canadian population. C1 STAT CANADA,ANALYT STUDIES BRANCH,OTTAWA,ON,CANADA. MANITOBA HLTH UNIT,WINNIPEG,MB,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT CLIN EPIDEMIOL,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT FAMILY MED,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT MED,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV TORONTO,DEPT MED,ARTHRITIS SOC,TORONTO M5S 1A1,ONTARIO,CANADA. UNIV CALGARY,DEPT MED,CALGARY T2N 1N4,ALBERTA,CANADA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV LIMBURG,ACAD ZIEKENHUIS,DEPT MED,6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. UNIV OTTAWA,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,OTTAWA K1H 8L6,ON,CANADA. RP TUGWELL, P (reprint author), UNIV OTTAWA,OTTAWA GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,ROOM LM12,501 SMYTH RD,OTTAWA K1H 8L6,ON,CANADA. OI Tugwell, Peter/0000-0001-5062-0556 NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1048 EP 1051 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA LH112 UT WOS:A1993LH11200025 PM 8102404 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, LH BAUER, SP PEREZORONOZ, G LLOYD, ES AF ELLIOTT, LH BAUER, SP PEREZORONOZ, G LLOYD, ES TI IMPROVED SPECIFICITY OF TESTING METHODS FOR FILOVIRUS ANTIBODIES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE FILOVIRUS; TESTING METHOD ID EBOLA VIRUS; PROTEINS; ANTIGENS; MARBURG; LASSA AB An epizootic among monkeys imported into the United States created an immediate need for detection of antibodies to filoviruses. Thousands of samples were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for testing. Problems of sensitivity and specificity existed in the methods available for these assays. The experiments described in this report resulted in improved methods for the detection of antibodies to filoviruses, both for indirect fluorescent antibody assays (IFA) by standardizing methods and the Western blot (WB) by minimizing antigen load and by incorporating skim milk in diluents. RP ELLIOTT, LH (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 1993 VL 43 IS 1 BP 85 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0166-0934(93)90092-6 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA LG871 UT WOS:A1993LG87100009 PM 8360317 ER PT J AU LAPOSTA, VJ AUPERIN, DD KAMINLEWIS, R COLE, GA AF LAPOSTA, VJ AUPERIN, DD KAMINLEWIS, R COLE, GA TI CROSS-PROTECTION AGAINST LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS MEDIATED BY A CD4+ T-CELL CLONE SPECIFIC FOR AN ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN EPITOPE OF LASSA VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT VACCINIA VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; INFECTION; MICE; CLEARANCE; SEQUENCE; CD8+; DISEASE; ARENAVIRUSES AB Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus (LV) envelope glycoprotein precursor, V-LSGPC, was used to study the basis of LV-induced cross-protective immunity against the closely related arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). C3H/Hej mice primed with V-LSGPC developed neither circulating antibodies nor CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for LCMV, yet they resisted a normally lethal LCMV challenge. Spleen cells from such mice gave a proliferative response to LCMV in vitro that was inhibitable by anti-CD4 antibody. Synthetic peptides corresponding to predicted T-cell sites common to the envelope glycoprotein precursor (GP-C) of LV and that of LCMV were used to map the specificity of the proliferative response to an epitope located between amino acids 403 and 417 of LV GP-C. Several CD4+ T-cell clones specific for the 403-417 peptide were isolated and found to produce gamma interferon in response to both the peptide and LCMV. One of these clones, C9, was selected for further study. C9 lysed I-A(K)-bearing target cells, and when adoptively transferred to C3H/Hej mice, it was capable of mediating both a peptide-specific delayed hypersensitivity reaction and resistance to lethal LCMV challenge. These collective findings demonstrate, for the first time, that CD4+ T cells can play a major role in arenavirus-specific cross-protective immunity. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS26665] NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 6 BP 3497 EP 3506 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA LB794 UT WOS:A1993LB79400065 PM 7684468 ER PT J AU MONROE, SS JIANG, B STINE, SE KOOPMANS, M GLASS, RI AF MONROE, SS JIANG, B STINE, SE KOOPMANS, M GLASS, RI TI SUBGENOMIC RNA SEQUENCE OF HUMAN ASTROVIRUS SUPPORTS CLASSIFICATION OF ASTROVIRIDAE AS A NEW FAMILY OF RNA VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID STOOL SAMPLES; GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN; PROTEINS AB We report the sequence of the subgenomic RNA of human astrovirus serotype 2. This 2,484-nucleotide RNA contains a single open reading frame, which encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 88 kDa. We propose that this protein is the 90-kDa capsid precursor observed in infected cells. The deduced protein sequence does not contain conserved amino acid patterns reported for the capsid proteins of picornaviruses or caliciviruses, consistent with the classification of astroviruses as a new family of RNA viruses, designated Astroviridae. RP MONROE, SS (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 22 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 67 IS 6 BP 3611 EP 3614 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA LB794 UT WOS:A1993LB79400079 PM 8497068 ER PT J AU STGEME, JW MALDONADO, YA ENZMANN, D HOTEZ, PJ OVERTURF, GD SCHANTZ, PM AF STGEME, JW MALDONADO, YA ENZMANN, D HOTEZ, PJ OVERTURF, GD SCHANTZ, PM TI CONSENSUS - DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS IN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; PARENCHYMAL BRAIN CYSTICERCOSIS; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; PLASMA-LEVELS; ALBENDAZOLE; PRAZIQUANTEL; THERAPY; DEXAMETHASONE C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,EDWARD MALLINCKRODT DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. ST LOUIS CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,ST LOUIS,MO 63178. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT RADIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. LUCILLE PACKARD CHILDRENS HOSP,STANFORD,CA. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV INFECT DIS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP STGEME, JW (reprint author), WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOLEC MICROBIOL,660 S EUCLID AVE,BOX 8230,ST LOUIS,MO 63110, USA. OI Hotez, Peter/0000-0001-8770-1042 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 455 EP 461 DI 10.1097/00006454-199306000-00001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LG459 UT WOS:A1993LG45900001 PM 8345976 ER PT J AU BULKOW, LR WAINWRIGHT, RB LETSON, GW CHANG, SJ WARD, JI AF BULKOW, LR WAINWRIGHT, RB LETSON, GW CHANG, SJ WARD, JI TI COMPARATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF 4 HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B CONJUGATE VACCINES IN ALASKA NATIVE INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; VACCINE; ALASKA NATIVE; IMMUNOGENICITY ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; EFFICACY; POLYSACCHARIDE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; DISEASE; SAFETY AB We compared the immunogenicity of the four available Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines in Alaska Native infants. Three of the vaccines, Hib oligosaccharide-CRM197 (HbOC), polyribosylribitol phosphate-diphtheria toxoid (PRP-D) and polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid (PRP-T), were given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, and the PRP Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein (PRP-OMP) conjugate vaccine was given at 2 and 4 months of age. Enrollment was largely sequential by vaccine availability beginning with HbOC and ending with PRP-T, A total of 225 infants completed the full vaccination series. Groups of infants receiving the different vaccines did not differ significantly by sex, ethnicity, degree Alaska Native or age at vaccination. The only vaccine that induced a response with the first 2-month dose was PRP-OMP; 91% of infants had greater-than-or-equal-to 0.15 mug/ml and 57% had greater-than-or-equal-to 1.0 mug/ml of anti-PRP antibody by 4 months of age. After two doses it also remained the most immunogenic. After the full three vaccine series, HbOC produced the highest concentrations of antibody; 94% of infants had greater-than-or-equal-to 1.0 mug/ml. PRP-T had approximately 75% of infants above this antibody concentration, and PRP-D had only 45% of infants with this level. Similar-rates of antibody decay were observed for all vaccine groups between 7 and 15 to 18 months of age and duration of antibody was primarily determined by peak antibody achieved. Differences in the pattern and degree of antibody response to each Hib conjugate vaccine were substantial. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES CTY HARBOR MED CTR,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE RES,DEPT PEDIAT,TORRANCE,CA 90509. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ARCTIC INVEST PROGRAM,ANCHORAGE,AK. NR 19 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1097/00006454-199306000-00006 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LG459 UT WOS:A1993LG45900006 PM 8345981 ER PT J AU CONNOR, EM PIZZO, PA BALIS, F HUGHES, W KATZ, S MCSHERRY, G OLESKE, J SCOTT, G WARA, D WILFERT, C BURR, C GRUBMAN, S ABRAMS, E AMMANN, AJ BARDEGUEZ, A BALSLEY, JF BROADBENT, PA BROUWERS, P BRYSON, YJ COLLABELLI, N CONNOR, J COOPER, E DIAZ, C DIPAOLO, C FISCHER, GW FOWLER, MG FRENKEL, LM GRANT, R GOLDSMITH, JC GOOSBY, E GORDON, E HALE, AR HERNANDEZ, V HUSSON, R KOVACS, A KRASINSKI, K LUZURIAGA, K MCKINNEY, R MCINTOSH, K MCPHERSON, M MINTZ, M MOFENSON, LM MORETTI, L NYMAN, N OXTOBY, M RICHARTZ, K SANTACROSE, S SPECTOR, SA SPERLING, R TUDORWILLIAMS, G VANDYKE, R VENDRELL, J WINTER, H YOGEV, R BOLAND, M MURPHY, D AF CONNOR, EM PIZZO, PA BALIS, F HUGHES, W KATZ, S MCSHERRY, G OLESKE, J SCOTT, G WARA, D WILFERT, C BURR, C GRUBMAN, S ABRAMS, E AMMANN, AJ BARDEGUEZ, A BALSLEY, JF BROADBENT, PA BROUWERS, P BRYSON, YJ COLLABELLI, N CONNOR, J COOPER, E DIAZ, C DIPAOLO, C FISCHER, GW FOWLER, MG FRENKEL, LM GRANT, R GOLDSMITH, JC GOOSBY, E GORDON, E HALE, AR HERNANDEZ, V HUSSON, R KOVACS, A KRASINSKI, K LUZURIAGA, K MCKINNEY, R MCINTOSH, K MCPHERSON, M MINTZ, M MOFENSON, LM MORETTI, L NYMAN, N OXTOBY, M RICHARTZ, K SANTACROSE, S SPECTOR, SA SPERLING, R TUDORWILLIAMS, G VANDYKE, R VENDRELL, J WINTER, H YOGEV, R BOLAND, M MURPHY, D TI ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND MEDICAL-MANAGEMENT OF THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED CHILD SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ZIDOVUDINE THERAPY; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; HIV-INFECTION; INFUSION C1 NCI, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, MEMPHIS, TN 38101 USA. DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP NEW JERSEY, NEWARK, NJ USA. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, NEW JERSEY MED SCH, NEWARK, NJ 07103 USA. UNIV MIAMI, SCH MED, MIAMI, FL 33152 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. HARLEM HOSP MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10037 USA. PEDIAT AIDS FDN, NAVOTA, CA USA. NIAID, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, SCH MED, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. BOSTON CITY HOSP, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. PUERTO RICO MED CTR, SAN JUAN, PR USA. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES, CA USA. BUR HLTH RESOURCES DEV, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. ACT UP, NEW YORK, NY USA. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES, LOS ANGELES CTY HARBOR MED CTR, TORRANCE, CA 90509 USA. UNIV SO CALIF, LOS ANGELES CTY MED CTR, LOS ANGELES, CA 90033 USA. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, MED CTR, WORCESTER, MA 01605 USA. HLTH RESOURCES SERV ADM, ROCKVILLE, MD USA. NICHHD, BALTIMORE, MD 21224 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. MT SINAI MED CTR, NEW YORK, NY 10029 USA. TULANE UNIV, SCH MED, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. CHILDRENS MEM HOSP, CHICAGO, IL 60614 USA. NICHOLSON RES CTR, KENSINGTON, MD USA. RP CONNOR, EM (reprint author), NATL PEDIAT HIV RESOURCE CTR, WORKING GRP ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, 15 S 9TH ST, NEWARK, NJ 07107 USA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 EI 1532-0987 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 513 EP 522 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LG459 UT WOS:A1993LG45900011 ER PT J AU LARSEN, PD CHARTRAND, SA TOMASHEK, KM HAUSER, LG KSIAZEK, TG AF LARSEN, PD CHARTRAND, SA TOMASHEK, KM HAUSER, LG KSIAZEK, TG TI HYDROCEPHALUS COMPLICATING LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS-INFECTION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HYDROCEPHALUS; MENINGITIS; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LARSEN, PD (reprint author), CREIGHTON UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,601 N 30TH ST,OMAHA,NE 68131, USA. NR 14 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 528 EP 531 DI 10.1097/00006454-199306000-00013 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LG459 UT WOS:A1993LG45900013 PM 8345985 ER PT J AU GUPTA, SK SCHANTZ, PM DONALDSON, JS SHULMAN, ST ROWLEY, AH AF GUPTA, SK SCHANTZ, PM DONALDSON, JS SHULMAN, ST ROWLEY, AH TI RECURRENT HYDATID-DISEASE AFTER THERAPY WITH ALBENDAZOLE SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Note DE HYDATID DISEASE; ALBENDAZOLE ID ECHINOCOCCUS-GRANULOSUS; MEBENDAZOLE; MODEL C1 CHILDRENS MEM HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,2300 CHILDRENS PLAZA 20,CHICAGO,IL 60614. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHICAGO,IL 60611. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 535 EP 536 DI 10.1097/00006454-199306000-00016 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LG459 UT WOS:A1993LG45900016 PM 8345987 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS AF MARGOLIS, HS TI ESTIMATES AND REPORTED CASES OF HEPATITIS-B INFECTION IN CHILDREN - REPLY SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE HEPATITIS-B ID VIRUS-INFECTION RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 12 IS 6 BP 543 EP 544 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LG459 UT WOS:A1993LG45900023 ER PT J AU BUTLER, JC HAVENS, PL SOWELL, AL HUFF, DL PETERSON, DE DAY, SE CHUSID, MJ BENNIN, RA CIRCO, R DAVIS, JP AF BUTLER, JC HAVENS, PL SOWELL, AL HUFF, DL PETERSON, DE DAY, SE CHUSID, MJ BENNIN, RA CIRCO, R DAVIS, JP TI MEASLES SEVERITY AND SERUM RETINOL (VITAMIN-A) CONCENTRATION AMONG CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE MEASLES; RETINOL; VITAMIN-A; ILLNESS SEVERITY; HOSPITALIZATION ID MORTALITY; TRIAL; SUPPLEMENTS; MORBIDITY; PLACEBO AB Background. Studies in developing countries have shown that children with measles have low serum retinol concentrations and that lower retinol levels are associated with measles-related mortality. Vitamin A therapy has been shown to reduce mortality among African children with acute measles. Objectives. To determine whether serum retinol concentration is low among children with measles in the United States and to determine whether retinol concentration is associated with illness severity. Setting. Pediatric referral hospital and clinic in Milwaukee, WI, during the measles outbreak of 1989-1990. Patients. One hundred fourteen patients less-than-or-equal-to 5 years of age evaluated for serologically confirmed measles with serum obtained within 5 days following rash onset. Methods. Serum retinol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Clinical data were collected by hospital record review. A modified Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score was used to assess physiologic instability as a measure of illness severity. Results. Retinol concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 1.18 mumol/L (median 0.58 mumol/L); 82 (72%) patients had low retinol concentration (less-than-or-equal-to 0.70 mumol/L). Median retinol concentrations were lower among hospitalized patients (0.56 vs 0.70, P = .006) and patients with pneumonia (0.52 vs 0.64, P = .02) but higher among children with otitis media (0.63 vs 0.54, P = .01). Higher modified PRISM scores, reflecting greater physiologic instability, were associated with lower retinol concentration (beta coefficient -.0147, P = .025). In multivariate analysis, higher modified PRISM scores were associated with lower retinol concentration (beta coefficient -.0144, P = .025) even after controlling for hospitalization, presence of complications, race, age, receipt of Aid to Families With Dependent Children, gender, and interval from rash onset until serum was collected. Conclusions. Among these children with measles in an urban United States community, retinol concentrations were depressed, and the degree of depression was associated with illness severity. Vitamin A therapy should be considered for children with measles in the United States who require hospitalization. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR COMMUNITY HLTH & PREVENT,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. STATE LAB HYG,VIRUS SECT,MADISON,WI. MED COLL WISCONSIN,CHILDRENS HOSP WISCONSIN,DEPT PEDIAT,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1176 EP 1181 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LF210 UT WOS:A1993LF21000019 PM 8502524 ER PT J AU REIGART, JR ETZEL, RA GOLDMAN, LR HENDRICK, JG MOFENSON, HC SIMON, PR FALK, H MILLER, RW ROGAN, W NEEDLEMAN, HL JACKSON, RJ LANDRIGAN, P LIPSETT, M AF REIGART, JR ETZEL, RA GOLDMAN, LR HENDRICK, JG MOFENSON, HC SIMON, PR FALK, H MILLER, RW ROGAN, W NEEDLEMAN, HL JACKSON, RJ LANDRIGAN, P LIPSETT, M TI AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION - RESPIRATORY HAZARDS TO CHILDREN SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID 0.12 PPM OZONE; INHALED SULFURIC-ACID; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS; EXERCISING CHILDREN; CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE; MODERATE EXERCISE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; HEALTH; INHALATION C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIEHS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. RP REIGART, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1993 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1213 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LF210 UT WOS:A1993LF21000029 ER PT J AU WEINTRAUB, JA STEARNS, SC BURT, BA BELTRAN, E EKLUND, SA AF WEINTRAUB, JA STEARNS, SC BURT, BA BELTRAN, E EKLUND, SA TI A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DENTAL SEALANTS IN A CHILDRENS HEALTH-CENTER SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS; PREVENTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DENTAL CARIES; HEALTH ECONOMICS ID FISSURE SEALANTS; PREVENTION; RETENTION; PROGRAMS; CARE; PIT AB A retrospective patient record analysis was conducted to study the cost-effectiveness of dental sealants placed under routine, unrestricted practice condition in a fluoridated community. The 26 dentists who provided care at the clinic over the period of the study used their own clinical judgement to determine sealant placement or alternative treatment. Dental services for 275 patients at a children's dental clinic for low-income families were evaluated. All children had at least 3 years between their first and last dental visit (mean = 5.8 years). A lifetable analysis was conducted to compare the probability of survival (restoration-free tooth years) and costs incurred to first molars of children who did not receive sealants, received any sealants, or received sealants on all first molars. Among the children with sealants, comparisons were also made between sealed and unsealed teeth in children who did and did not have a first molar restoration prior to sealant placement. Costs included the cost of sealants and restorative treatments for these teeth over time. Depending on the conditions under which sealants were placed, cost-savings or improving cost-effectiveness with time were found. A strategy of identifying children with prior restorations and sealing the remaining molars showed cost-savings within 4-6 years. For other comparisons, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios became more favorable over time. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,PROGRAM DENT PUBL HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WEINTRAUB, JA (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & ADM,CAMPUS BOX 7400,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1483 EP 1493 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90390-P PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA LD204 UT WOS:A1993LD20400011 PM 8511636 ER PT J AU MERCY, JA AF MERCY, JA TI YOUTH VIOLENCE AS A PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM SO SPECTRUM-THE JOURNAL OF STATE GOVERNMENT LA English DT Article AB We need to take a public health approach to finding a cure for the increasing spread of youth violence. The Center for Disease Control is funding demonstration programs to help communities look for an answer. RP MERCY, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNCIL STATE GOVERNMENTS PI LEXINGTON PA 3560 IRON WORKS PIKE PO BOX 11910, LEXINGTON, KY 40578-1910 SN 0039-0097 J9 SPECTRUM-J STATE GOV JI Spectrum-J. St. Govern. PD SUM PY 1993 VL 66 IS 3 BP 26 EP 30 PG 5 GA PJ613 UT WOS:A1993PJ61300003 ER PT J AU BI, SL PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA MARGOLIS, HS BRADLEY, DW AF BI, SL PURDY, MA MCCAUSTLAND, KA MARGOLIS, HS BRADLEY, DW TI THE SEQUENCE OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS ISOLATED DIRECTLY FROM A SINGLE-SOURCE DURING AN OUTBREAK IN CHINA SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E; ANTIGEN CAPTURE; DIDEOXY CHAIN TERMINATION METHOD; CHINA ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; POLYMERASE; ANTIGEN; GENOME AB In this study an IgM antibody-mediate antigen-capture procedure for direct extraction of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA from clinical specimens was developed and used with an efficient method for generating viral cDNA that was subsequently sequenced using the dideoxy chain termination method. This is the first time the complete HEV genome has been isolated directly from a single human clinical specimen obtained during an outbreak of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. When the Chinese-derived sequence was compared with the original isolate of Burmese HEV from an experimentally infected cynomolgus macaque, the homology between the two sequences was 94% and 98.5% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The methods we developed for generating and sequencing genomic HEV cDNA dramatically improved the efficiency of cloning the viral genome and should be helpful for continued analysis of this virus as well as other RNA viruses that have proven to be difficult to clone and sequence directly. RP BI, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 75 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUN PY 1993 VL 28 IS 3 BP 233 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90024-H PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA LL337 UT WOS:A1993LL33700002 PM 8346669 ER EF