FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU NESS, RB HARRIS, T COBB, J FLEGAL, KM KELSEY, JL BALANGER, A STUNKARD, AJ DAGOSTINO, RB AF NESS, RB HARRIS, T COBB, J FLEGAL, KM KELSEY, JL BALANGER, A STUNKARD, AJ DAGOSTINO, RB TI NUMBER OF PREGNANCIES AND THE SUBSEQUENT RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; YOUNG-WOMEN; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY; FAT DISTRIBUTION; WHITE WOMEN; FRAMINGHAM; OBESITY; PARITY; HEALTH AB Background. Whether increasing parity or gravidity is a risk factor for coronary heart disease has been debated, but the question remains unresolved. Methods. We tested the association between the number of pregnancies and a variety of cardiovascular end points in two groups of women who had completed childbearing. One group comprised 2357 women who were followed for 28 years through the Framingham Heart Study, and the other 2533 women followed for at least 12 years through the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS). Results. The rates of coronary heart disease were higher among multigravid women than among women who had never been pregnant, in both the Framingham Heart Study and the NHEFS, but in both studies, the higher rates were statistically significant only in women with six or more pregnancies. For the women in the Framingham Study, the rate ratio adjusted for age and educational level in the group with six or more pregnancies (as compared with women who had never been pregnant) was 1.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2). For the women in the NHEFS, the same adjusted rate ratio was 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.9). Adjustments for other known cardiovascular risk factors, including weight, did not markedly alter this risk. The rate of total cardiovascular disease was also significantly higher among multigravid women in the Framingham Study than in the women who had never been pregnant. Conclusions. In two prospective American studies, having six or more pregnancies was associated with a small but consistent increase in the risk of coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. Whether gravidity itself or some other unmeasured factor accounts for the increase in risk that we observed requires further investigation. C1 UNIV PENN,CLIN EPIDEMIOL UNIT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV PENN,DEPT MED,DEPT EMERGENCY,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT HLTH RES & POLICY,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. BOSTON UNIV,DEPT MATH,STAT UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02215. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X FU NCI NIH HHS [5T32CA09529] NR 47 TC 159 Z9 163 U1 2 U2 5 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 27 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 21 BP 1528 EP 1533 DI 10.1056/NEJM199305273282104 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LC941 UT WOS:A1993LC94100004 PM 8267704 ER PT J AU WITTE, JJ AF WITTE, JJ TI UPDATE - INVESTIGATIONS OF PERSONS TREATED BY HIV-INFECTED HEALTH-CARE WORKERS - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 329-331, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV ORAL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP WITTE, JJ (reprint author), FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32301, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 26 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 20 BP 2622 EP 2623 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LC865 UT WOS:A1993LC86500011 ER PT J AU GARG, R WAGENER, DK MADANS, JH AF GARG, R WAGENER, DK MADANS, JH TI ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION AND RISK OF ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE IN WOMEN SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; INFORMATION; SMOKING; CANCER AB Background: Most studies suggest that alcohol use decreases the risk of coronary heart disease in men, however, this association has not been well established in women. Method: This study investigates the relationship between alcohol use and ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence among women aged 45 to 74 years in the Epidemiologic Followup Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The cohort was free of heart disease at baseline. During the follow-up period (mean, 13 years), 884 IHD cases were identified through hospital records, reported hospital stays, or death certificates. Results: Women reporting any amount of alcohol use had about a 20% decrease in risk of IHD incidence compared with abstainers. Using a Cox regression model to adjust for known cardiovascular risk factors, this relative risk of IHD remained essentially unchanged. The greatest reduction in the risk of IHD (36% to 39%) was among women who consumed about half to two drinks per day compared with abstainers. Conclusions: This study of a nationally representative sample with a mean follow-up of 13 years and a substantial number of IHD cases suggests that moderate alcohol use decreases the risk of IHD. However, the risk and benefits of moderate alcohol consumption need to be viewed within a broader perspective especially since the potentially harmful effects of alcohol have been well documented. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,OFF ANAL & EPIDEMIOL,HYATTSVILLE,MD. NR 22 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 24 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 10 BP 1211 EP 1216 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.10.1211 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LC284 UT WOS:A1993LC28400006 PM 8494473 ER PT J AU HOLTGRAVE, DR VALDISERRI, RO GERBER, AR HINMAN, AR AF HOLTGRAVE, DR VALDISERRI, RO GERBER, AR HINMAN, AR TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS COUNSELING, TESTING, REFERRAL, AND PARTNER NOTIFICATION SERVICES - A COST-BENEFIT-ANALYSIS SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; BEHAVIORS; KNOWLEDGE; IMPACT; COHORT; MEN AB Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Ga) annually provides more than $100 million in funding to states, territories, and cities for the provision of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling, testing, referral, and partner notification (CTRPN) services. Given the size of this expenditure, it is important to consider the net benefits of this program activity. We compared the economic costs and benefits of publicly funded HIV CTRPN services. Methods: Standard methods for cost-benefit analysis were used. A societal perspective was employed. Major assumptions used in the base-case analysis included the following: (1) without public funding, the HIV CTRPN services would not be provided; (2) for every 100 HIV-seropositive persons identified and reached by CTRPN services, at least 20 new HIV infections are averted; and (3) for every $100 spent on direct and indirect costs of CTRPN services, approximately another $60 is spent on the ancillary costs of alerting people to HIV issues and CTRPN service availability. Sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the robustness of base-case results to these and other changes in model assumptions. Results: Under base-case assumptions, the combined direct, indirect, and ancillary costs of the CTRPN program in 1990 dollars were $188 217 600. At a 6% discount rate, the estimated economic benefits of this expenditure are $3 781 918 000. The resultant benefit-cost ratio is 20.09. Sensitivity analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratio is greater than 1 for all considered cases. Conclusions: This cost-benefit analysis strongly suggests that publicly funded CTRPN services result in a net economic gain to society. RP HOLTGRAVE, DR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 24 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1230 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.10.1225 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LC284 UT WOS:A1993LC28400008 PM 8388208 ER PT J AU CRAGAN, JD MARTIN, ML KHOURY, MJ FERNHOFF, PM AF CRAGAN, JD MARTIN, ML KHOURY, MJ FERNHOFF, PM TI DYE USE DURING AMNIOCENTESIS AND BIRTH-DEFECTS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,GENET SERV LAB,DECATUR,GA. RP CRAGAN, JD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 6 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 22 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8856 BP 1352 EP 1352 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90867-G PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LD253 UT WOS:A1993LD25300050 PM 8098486 ER PT J AU PARIS, P RAPPAPORT, S LIEBER, K AF PARIS, P RAPPAPORT, S LIEBER, K TI POPULATIONS AT RISK FROM AIR-POLLUTION - UNITED-STATES, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 301-304, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PARIS, P (reprint author), AMER LUNG ASSOC,EPIDEMIOL & STAT UNIT,NEW YORK,NY, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 19 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 19 BP 2493 EP 2493 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LB450 UT WOS:A1993LB45000010 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL STOKES, SL JURANEK, DD AF HERWALDT, BL STOKES, SL JURANEK, DD TI AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN UNITED-STATES TRAVELERS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS; TRAVEL; TREES; MEXICO; CENTRAL AMERICA ID DIAGNOSIS; GUATEMALA; WORLD; ULCER AB Objective: To characterize the exposures and practices of U.S. travelers who acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas and to highlight problems they encountered in seeking medical care from U.S. physicians. Design: A retrospective review of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Drug Service records and a telephone survey of patients. Patients: Fifty-nine civilian U.S. travelers with American cutaneous leishmaniasis for whom the Drug Service released sodium stibogluconate between 1 January 1985 and 30 April 1990; 58 travelers (98%) were interviewed. Main Measurements: Travel destination, exposure duration, knowledge about leishmaniasis, and time from noticing skin lesions to release of drug. Results: Overall, travelers acquired leishmaniasis in as many as 14 countries; 33 of 59 travelers (56%) were infected in Mexico or Central America. Twenty-seven travelers (46%) were conducting field studies and 23 (39%) were tourists, visitors, or tour guides. At least 15 persons (26% of the 58 interviewed travelers) were in forested areas for 1 week or less; at least 6 of these persons had a maximum exposure of 2 days. Ten persons (17%) were home at least 1 month before they noticed skin lesions. Patients consulted from one to seven physicians (mean, 2.1 physicians) before leishmaniasis was diagnosed. Overall, the median time from noticing lesions to the release of drug was 112 days (range, 13 to 1022 days); however, the median was only 55 days for 13 patients (22%) unusually knowledgeable about leishmaniasis and was a maximum of 60 days for 16 patients (28%) (including 7 of the 13 unusually knowledgeable patients) who generally consulted physicians exceptionally knowledgeable about infectious and tropical diseases. Conclusions: Travelers to forested areas in Central America and Texas and their physicians need to be educated about the risk for acquiring leishmaniasis even during short stays; effective preventive measures; and appropriate medical management. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 30 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 10 BP 779 EP 784 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LB649 UT WOS:A1993LB64900004 PM 7682386 ER PT J AU STAHL, CP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D AF STAHL, CP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D TI INVIVO EFFECTS OF INTERLEUKIN-6 ON THROMBOPOIESIS SO BLOOD LA English DT Letter ID PRIMATES C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP STAHL, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,HEMATOL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 10 BP 2819 EP 2820 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA LC496 UT WOS:A1993LC49600050 PM 7683932 ER PT J AU HERRINTON, LJ SAFTLAS, AF STANFORD, JL BRINTON, LA WOLFE, JN AF HERRINTON, LJ SAFTLAS, AF STANFORD, JL BRINTON, LA WOLFE, JN TI DO ALCOHOL INTAKE AND MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITIES INTERACT IN REGARD TO THE RISK OF BREAST-CANCER SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOL; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; MAMMOGRAPHY; RISK FACTORS ID PARENCHYMAL PATTERNS; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; FEATURES; HEALTH AB Background. The effect of alcohol intake on mammographic densities and the possible interaction between these two factors in regard to the risk of breast cancer were assessed using information from the Breast Cancer Detection and Demonstration Project. Methods. Mammograms taken during the first year of screening for patients whose breast cancer was detected in the 5th year of follow-up (n = 266) and their matched controls (n = 301) were blindly assessed for the percent of mammographic densities, which were measured by planimetry. Results. Among controls, alcohol intake was weakly, positively associated with the percent of mammographic densities (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.09), although the association may have been the result of chance (P = 0.12). After adjustment for confounding factors, the lifetime alcohol intake did not appear to modify the effect of the percent mammographic densities on the risk of breast cancer (P for the interaction, 0.09). Conclusions. Longitudinal studies and larger case-control studies should be conducted to assess the relationship between diet and changes in mammographic densities further. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HUTZEL HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. RP HERRINTON, LJ (reprint author), FRED HUTCHINSON CANC RES CTR,DIV PUBL HLTH SCI,MP-381,SEATTLE,WA 98104, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [T32 CA09168-17, T32 CA09314-07] NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 10 BP 3029 EP 3035 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19930515)71:10<3029::AID-CNCR2820711024>3.0.CO;2-K PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LD041 UT WOS:A1993LD04100023 PM 8490831 ER PT J AU CRANDALL, I COLLINS, WE GYSIN, J SHERMAN, IW AF CRANDALL, I COLLINS, WE GYSIN, J SHERMAN, IW TI SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES BASED ON MOTIFS PRESENT IN HUMAN BAND-3 PROTEIN INHIBIT CYTOADHERENCE SEQUESTRATION OF THE MALARIA PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTE BAND-3; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; PROTEOLYTIC FRAGMENTS; INVITRO CYTOADHERENCE; INSITU PROTEOLYSIS; ANION-TRANSPORT; MELANOMA-CELLS; MEMBRANE; LOCALIZATION; ADHESION AB Synthetic peptides patterned on the amino acid sequences found in two exofacial regions of band 3 protein (residues 824-829 of loop 7 and residues 547-553 of loop 3) blocked, in a dose-dependent fashion, the in vitro adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to C32 amelanotic melanoma cells. Intravenous infusion of these synthetic peptides into Aotus and Saimiri monkeys infected with sequestering isolates of P. falciparum resulted in the appearance of mature forms of the parasite in the peripheral circulation. The finding that the peptides were effective as adhesion blockers in the micromolar range suggests that cerebral malaria could be managed through antiadhesion therapy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST PASTEUR LYON,UNITE PARASITOL EXPTL,F-69365 LYON,FRANCE. RP CRANDALL, I (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT BIOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-21251] NR 26 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 15 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 10 BP 4703 EP 4707 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4703 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LC720 UT WOS:A1993LC72000080 PM 8506322 ER PT J AU JIANG, BM TSUNEMITSU, H GENTSCH, JR SAIF, LJ GLASS, RI AF JIANG, BM TSUNEMITSU, H GENTSCH, JR SAIF, LJ GLASS, RI TI NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES OF GENES 6 AND 10 OF A BOVINE GROUP-C ROTAVIRUS SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Note ID UK BOVINE C1 SHINTOKU ANIM HUSBANDRY EXPT STN,HOKKAIDO 081,JAPAN. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,FOOD ANIM HLTH RES PROGRAM,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP JIANG, BM (reprint author), CENTERS DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD MAY 11 PY 1993 VL 21 IS 9 BP 2250 EP 2250 DI 10.1093/nar/21.9.2250 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA LD430 UT WOS:A1993LD43000034 PM 8389040 ER PT J AU STLOUIS, ME ICENOGLE, JP MANZILA, T KAMENGA, M RYDER, RW HEYWARD, WL REEVES, WC AF STLOUIS, ME ICENOGLE, JP MANZILA, T KAMENGA, M RYDER, RW HEYWARD, WL REEVES, WC TI GENITAL TYPES OF PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN CHILDREN OF WOMEN WITH HIV-1 INFECTION IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; TRANSMISSION; WARTS; RISK AB Increasing evidence indicates that infection with genital types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can occur prior to the onset of sexual activity, possibly by perinatal transmission. Evidence is also accumulating that women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) more frequently express HPV. We conducted this study to measure HPV prevalence in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative women in Kinshasa, Zaire and in their children. We collected cervico-vaginal lavage specimens from 80 mothers (52 HIV-seropositive and 28 HIV-seronegative at the time of delivery) and oropharyngeal and perineal specimens from their 81 3-year old children (21 HIV-seropositive and 60 -seronegative). We used the ViraPap and ViraType assay to test specimens for HPV DNA by the dot-blot technique. Detection of HPV in the mother was highly associated with HIV: 20 HIV-seropositive women and one seronegative woman had HPV DNA. Ten children had HPV DNA. However, detection of HPV in the children was not associated with the mothers' HPV or HIV status or with the child's own HIV status. These findings document a substantial prevalence in young children of HPV DNA types that are linked to genital-tract neoplasia in adults, but do not specifically support a hypothesis of mother-to-child transmission of genital HPV types. C1 PROJECT SIPA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CLIN NGALIEMA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP STLOUIS, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAIL STOP E-50,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAY 8 PY 1993 VL 54 IS 2 BP 181 EP 184 PG 4 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA LB688 UT WOS:A1993LB68800002 PM 8387461 ER PT J AU TOOLE, MJ GALSON, S BRADY, W AF TOOLE, MJ GALSON, S BRADY, W TI ARE WAR AND PUBLIC-HEALTH COMPATIBLE SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB A public health assessment during March, 1993, in Bosnia-Herzegovina and in the areas of Serbia and Montenegro hosting Bosnian refugees, revealed extensive disruption to basic health services, displacement of more than 1 million Bosnians, severe food shortages in Muslim enclaves in eastern Bosnia, and widespread destruction of public water and sanitation systems. War-related violence remains the most important public health risk; civilians on all sides of the conflict have been intentional targets of physical and sexual violence. The impact of the war on the health status of the population has been difficult to document; however, in the central Bosnian province of Zenica, perinatal and child mortality rates have increased twofold since 1991. The crude death rate in one Muslim enclave between April, 1992, and March, 1993, was four times the pre-war rate. Prevalence rates of severe malnutrition among both adults and children in central Bosnia have been increasing since November, 1992. Major epidemics of communicable diseases have not been reported; however, the risk may increase during the summer of 1993 when the effects of disrupted water and sanitation systems are more likely to promote enteric disease transmission. Economic sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro may lead to declining health care standards in those republics if basic medical supplies cannot effectively be exempted. RP TOOLE, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 8 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8854 BP 1193 EP 1196 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91013-C PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LB017 UT WOS:A1993LB01700015 PM 8098086 ER PT J AU ELLERBROCK, TV SCHOENFISCH, SA OXTOBY, MJ AF ELLERBROCK, TV SCHOENFISCH, SA OXTOBY, MJ TI HIV-INFECTION IN RURAL FLORIDA - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID TRANSMISSION C1 FLORIDA STATE DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. RP ELLERBROCK, TV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 6 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 18 BP 1352 EP 1352 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KZ640 UT WOS:A1993KZ64000020 ER PT J AU DAVIS, M OSAKI, C GORDON, D HINDS, MW MOTTRAM, K WINEGAR, C AVNER, ED TARR, PI JARDINE, D GOLDOFT, M BARTLESON, B LEWIS, J KOBAYASHI, JM BILLMAN, G BRADLEY, J HUNT, S TANNER, P GINSBERG, M BARRETT, L WERNER, SB RUTHERFORD, GW JUE, RW ROOT, H BROTHERS, D CHEHEY, RL HUDSON, RH DIXON, FR MAXSON, DJ EMPEY, L RAVENHOLT, O UECKART, VH DISALVO, A KWALICK, DS SALCIDO, R BRUS, D AF DAVIS, M OSAKI, C GORDON, D HINDS, MW MOTTRAM, K WINEGAR, C AVNER, ED TARR, PI JARDINE, D GOLDOFT, M BARTLESON, B LEWIS, J KOBAYASHI, JM BILLMAN, G BRADLEY, J HUNT, S TANNER, P GINSBERG, M BARRETT, L WERNER, SB RUTHERFORD, GW JUE, RW ROOT, H BROTHERS, D CHEHEY, RL HUDSON, RH DIXON, FR MAXSON, DJ EMPEY, L RAVENHOLT, O UECKART, VH DISALVO, A KWALICK, DS SALCIDO, R BRUS, D TI UPDATE - MULTISTATE OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTIONS FROM HAMBURGERS - WESTERN UNITED-STATES, 1992-1993 (REPRINTED FROM, MMWR, VOL 42, PG 258, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SNOHOMISH HLTH DIST, EVERETT, WA USA. TACOMA PIERCE CTY HLTH DEPT, TACOMA, WA USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, DEPT ANESTHESIOL, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. CHILDRENS HOSP & MED CTR, SEATTLE, WA USA. CHILDRENS HOSP, SAN DIEGO, CA USA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV, BERKELEY, CA 94704 USA. CENT DIST HLTH DEPT, BOISE, ID USA. SW DIST HLTH DEPT, CALDWELL, ID USA. IDAHO DEPT HLTH & WELFARE, DIV HLTH, BOISE, ID USA. CLARK CTY HLTH DIST, LAS VEGAS, NV USA. US FDA, CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR, WASHINGTON, DC 20204 USA. USDA, FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV, ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ENTER DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP DAVIS, M (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH, SEATTLE, WA USA. NR 1 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 5 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 17 BP 2194 EP + PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KZ406 UT WOS:A1993KZ40600005 ER PT J AU SCHULMAN, J JENSVOLD, N SHAW, GM EDMONDS, LD MCCLEARN, AB AF SCHULMAN, J JENSVOLD, N SHAW, GM EDMONDS, LD MCCLEARN, AB TI PUBLICATION OF CDC SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 278, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHULMAN, J (reprint author), MARCH DIMES BIRTH DEFECTS FDN,CALIF BIRTH DEFECTS MONITORING PROGRAM,EMERYVILLE,CA, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 5 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 17 BP 2198 EP 2198 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KZ406 UT WOS:A1993KZ40600007 ER PT J AU BESSER, RE LETT, SM WEBER, JT DOYLE, MP BARRETT, TJ WELLS, JG GRIFFIN, PM AF BESSER, RE LETT, SM WEBER, JT DOYLE, MP BARRETT, TJ WELLS, JG GRIFFIN, PM TI AN OUTBREAK OF DIARRHEA AND HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME FROM ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 IN FRESH-PRESSED APPLE CIDER SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SEROTYPE; 0157-H7 AB Objective.-Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. In the fall of 1991, an outbreak of E coli O157:H7 infections in southeastern Massachusetts provided an opportunity to identify transmission by a seemingly unlikely vehicle. Design.-Case-control study to determine the vehicle of infection. New England cider producers were surveyed to assess production practices and determined the survival time of E coli O157:H7 organisms in apple cider. Results.-Illness was significantly associated with drinking one brand of apple cider. Thirteen (72%) of 18 patients but only 16 (33%) of 49 controls reported drinking apple cider in the week before illness began (odds ratio [OR], 8.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 39.7). Among those who drank cider, 12 (92%) of 13 patients compared with two (13%) of 16 controls drank cider from cider mill A (lower 95% CI, 2.9; P<.01). This mill pressed cider in a manner similar to that used by other small cider producers: apples were not washed, cider was not pasteurized, and no preservatives were added. In the laboratory, E coli O157:H7 organisms survived for 20 days in unpreserved refrigerated apple cider. Addition of sodium benzoate 0.1% reduced survival to less than 7 days. Conclusions.-Fresh-pressed, unpreserved apple cider can transmit E coli O157:H7 organisms, which cause severe infections. Risk of transmission can be reduced by washing and brushing apples before pressing, and preserving cider with sodium benzoate. Consumers can reduce their risk by only drinking cider made from apples that have been washed and brushed C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BOSTON,MA 02130. UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT LAB,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BESSER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 668 Z9 681 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 5 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 17 BP 2217 EP 2220 DI 10.1001/jama.269.17.2217 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KZ406 UT WOS:A1993KZ40600028 PM 8474200 ER PT J AU PETERMAN, TA JAFFE, HW BERAL, V AF PETERMAN, TA JAFFE, HW BERAL, V TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC CLUES TO THE ETIOLOGY OF KAPOSI-SARCOMA SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE KAPOSI SARCOMA; ETIOLOGY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AIDS; HIV; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; MALIGNANCIES; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; RECIPIENTS; THERAPY; VIRUS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA. IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL & CLIN TRIALS UNIT,OXFORD,ENGLAND. RP PETERMAN, TA (reprint author), NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,TECH INFORMAT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS HIV PREVENT,MAILSTOP EO6,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 43 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 605 EP 611 DI 10.1097/00002030-199305000-00001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LD156 UT WOS:A1993LD15600001 PM 8318169 ER PT J AU HOLMBERG, SD CONLEY, LJ BUCHBINDER, SP JUDSON, FN BUSH, TJ KATZ, MH PENLEY, KA HERSHOW, RC AF HOLMBERG, SD CONLEY, LJ BUCHBINDER, SP JUDSON, FN BUSH, TJ KATZ, MH PENLEY, KA HERSHOW, RC TI USE OF THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC DRUGS FOR AIDS BY HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN IN 3 UNITED-STATES CITIES SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE ZIDOVUDINE; PENTAMIDINE; AIDS; ANTIVIRAL DRUGS; AL-721 ID ZIDOVUDINE THERAPY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; SAN-FRANCISCO; INFECTION; COHORT; POPULATION AB Objective: To determine the use of AIDS drugs and therapies by populations with relatively good access to health care. Design: Prospective cohort study, with interview and examination twice a year since 1988. Setting: Two public-health departments (San Francisco Department of Health and Denver Disease Control Service) and a private clinic (Howard Brown Memorial Clinic, Chicago). Participants: HIV-seropositive homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco (311 men), Denver (120 men) and Chicago (59 men). Interventions: HIV counseling and testing at each visit. Main outcome measures: Time and duration of use of drugs used for AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) treatment and prophylaxis. Results: Zidovudine and pentamidine use increased from 1987 through 1989 in all three cities. In San Francisco in 1987, only 17 out of 110 (15%) HIV-seropositive men without AIDS reported taking zidovudine. By 1990, over 90% of AIDS patients and approximately 80% of HIV-seropositive men with low CD4+ cell counts (< 200 x 10(6)/l) had taken zidovudine; most men who by 1990 had never taken zidovudine (82%) or PCP prophylaxis (95%) had not been recommended these therapies because they did not have symptoms and their absolute CD4+ cell counts were > 200 x 10(6)/l. However, overall in the three cities, only 68% of the AIDS patients and 63% of the men with low CD4+ cell counts had taken zidovudine for more than 6 months by 1990. Most men who had stopped taking zidovudine (67%) did so because of toxicity; however, 64% of respondents gave reasons other than drug toxicity as a or the sole reason why they discontinued zidovudine. Conclusions: AIDS therapeutic and prophylactic drugs were increasingly (and appropriately) recommended to and accepted by these cohorts after 1987, but had limited consistent use because of toxicity, adverse side-effects, and several other less readily appreciated reasons. These data do not indicate that zidovudine use in San Francisco would mainly account for the observed slowing in the rate of increase of AIDS cases in homosexual and bisexual men in this city after 1987. C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. HOWARD BROWN MEM CLIN,CHICAGO,IL. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. RP HOLMBERG, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 1993 VL 7 IS 5 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1097/00002030-199305000-00014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LD156 UT WOS:A1993LD15600014 PM 8318177 ER PT J AU SEYMOUR, MJ LUCAS, MF AF SEYMOUR, MJ LUCAS, MF TI EVALUATION OF SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE IN AIR SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In January 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published revised permissible exposure limits (PELs) for 212 compounds and established PELs for 164 additional compounds. In cases where regulated compounds did not have specific sampling and analytical methods, methods were suggested by OSHA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) Method 1020, which was developed for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, was suggested by OSHA for the determination of chlorodifluoromethane in workplace air. Because this methods was developed for a liquid and chlorodifluoromethane is a gas, the ability of NMAM Method 1020 to adequately sample and quantitate chlorodifluoromethane showed that the capacity of the 100/50-mg charcoal sorbent bed was limited, the standard preparation procedure was incorrect for a gas analyte, and the analyte had low solubility in carbon disulfide. NMAM Methods 1018, for dichlorodifluoromethane uses two coconut-shell charcoal tubes in series, a 400/200-mg tube followed by a 100/50-mg tube, which are desorbed with methylene chloride. This method was evaluated for chlorodifluoromethane. Test atmospheres, with chlorodifluoromethane concentrations from 0.5-2 times the PEL were generated. Modifications of NMAM Method 1018 included changes in the standard preparation procedure, and the gas chromatograph was equipped with a capillary column. These revisions to NMAM 1018 resulted in a 96.5% recovery and a total precision for the method of 7.1% for chlorodifluoromethane. No significant bias in the methods was found. Results indicate that the revised NMAM Method 1018 is suitable for the determination of chlorodifluoromethane in workplace air. RP SEYMOUR, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 54 IS 5 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1993)054<0253:EOSAAM>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LT039 UT WOS:A1993LT03900009 PM 8498360 ER PT J AU EDMONDS, MA GRESSEL, MG OBRIEN, DM CLARK, NJ AF EDMONDS, MA GRESSEL, MG OBRIEN, DM CLARK, NJ TI REDUCING EXPOSURES DURING THE POURING OPERATIONS OF A BRASS FOUNDRY SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LEAD AB The focus of this exposure assessment and control technology study was a brass foundry and the lead exposures of workers involved in the transportation and pouring of metal. Controls in place at the foundry included ventilation systems at the furnace and along the continuous and stationary pouring lines. Real-time measurements were made to determine which tasks were the primary exposure sources, and a hand-held aerosol monitor was used to measure real-time aerosol exposures (as a surrogate for lead) in the workers' breathing zones. Data were collected over two 30-min sampling periods while worker activities were monitored using a video camera. Analysis of the data showed that the greatest aerosol exposures occurred during the transportation of an unventilated full ladle, resulting in an average concentration of at least twice that of the other tasks. The study concluded that the addition of exhaust ventilation such as a moveable hood and duct system during the ladle transport and pouring tasks, and the implementation of a side draft hood at the pigging area, could result in a reduction of worker exposure to aerosols during the continuous pouring operation by up to 40%. The controls and techniques suggested in this study could be applied to pouring operations throughout the industry to reduce worker exposure to metal fumes. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP EDMONDS, MA (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR CANC,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 54 IS 5 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1993)054<0260:REDTPO>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LT039 UT WOS:A1993LT03900010 PM 8498361 ER PT J AU HINMAN, AR AF HINMAN, AR TI WHAT WILL IT TAKE TO FULLY PROTECT ALL AMERICAN CHILDREN WITH VACCINES - AN UPDATE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article RP HINMAN, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV OFF,MAIL STOP E-06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 147 IS 5 BP 536 EP 537 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA LB222 UT WOS:A1993LB22200019 PM 8488796 ER PT J AU MODAN, B WAGENER, DK FELDMAN, JJ ROSENBERG, HM FEINLEIB, M AF MODAN, B WAGENER, DK FELDMAN, JJ ROSENBERG, HM FEINLEIB, M TI INCREASED MORTALITY FROM BRAIN-TUMORS - A COMBINED OUTCOME OF DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY AND CHANGE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD THE ELDERLY - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP MODAN, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 9 BP 1036 EP 1037 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LJ317 UT WOS:A1993LJ31700016 ER PT J AU BEHRENS, VJ BRACKBILL, RM AF BEHRENS, VJ BRACKBILL, RM TI WORKER AWARENESS OF EXPOSURE - INDUSTRIES AND OCCUPATIONS WITH LOW AWARENESS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CHEMICAL HAZARDS; PHYSICAL HAZARDS; NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY; HOSPITAL WORKERS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; NOISE HAZARD ID HEALTH; SAFETY AB A goal of occupational health is to inform workers of hazards on their jobs. This analysis addresses this goal by identifying industries and occupations with low worker awareness of potential exposures. Industries and occupations were ranked by the greatest positive difference between the proportion of workers exposed and proportion perceiving exposure to chemical and physical hazards. Those with low awareness had the greatest difference, i.e., high exposure and low perception. This analysis was performed by adding exposure data from a national exposure survey to a national health survey with perceived exposure data. The hospital and construction industries and occupations in these industries ranked among the top five for all hazards. For example, for hospital workers the difference between proportion exposed and proportion perceiving exposure to chemicals was 62% and to radiation was 42%, and for workers in construction the difference was 54% for exposure to noise and 63% for exposure to vibration. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BEHRENS, VJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,TAFT LABS,MS R-21,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 695 EP 701 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230503 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KZ254 UT WOS:A1993KZ25400002 PM 8506847 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K AF STEENLAND, K TI MORTALITY OF WORKERS HIRED DURING WORLD-WAR-2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE HEALTHY WORKER EFFECT; MILITARY SERVICE; UNHEALTHY WWII WORKER EFFECT AB There has been some suggestion that men first hired during World War II do not show the typical healthy worker effect and may have been more unhealthy than their counterparts who entered military service. We have studied 41,000 workers at six plants to determine whether men hired during World War II had higher mortality than men hired just before or after WWII. No evidence was found of any ''unhealthy WWII worker'' effect. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,MAILSTOP R13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5 BP 823 EP 827 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230515 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KZ254 UT WOS:A1993KZ25400014 PM 8506857 ER PT J AU IYASU, S SAFTLAS, AK ROWLEY, DL KOONIN, LM LAWSON, HW ATRASH, HK AF IYASU, S SAFTLAS, AK ROWLEY, DL KOONIN, LM LAWSON, HW ATRASH, HK TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PLACENTA-PREVIA IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1987 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PLACENTA-PREVIA; ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE; CESAREAN DELIVERY; FETAL MALPRESENTATION; POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CESAREAN-SECTION; PREGNANCY; FETAL AB OBJECTIVE: Placenta previa can cause serious, occasionally fatal complications for fetuses and mothers; however, data on its national incidence and sociodemographic risk factors have not been available. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for the years 1979 through 1987 and from the Retrospective Maternal Mortality Study (1979 through 1986). RESULTS: We found that placenta previa complicated 4.8 per 1000 deliveries annually and was fatal in 0.03% of cases. Incidence rates remained stable among white women but increased among black and other minority women (p < 0.1). In addition, the risk of placenta previa was higher for black and other minority women than for white women (rate ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.7), and it was higher for women greater-than-or-equal-to 35 years old than for women < 20 years old (rate ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 3.3 to 7.0). Women with placenta previa were at an increased risk of abruptio placentae (rate ratio 13.8), cesarean delivery (rate ratio 3.9), fetal malpresentation (rate ratio 2.8), and postpartum hemorrhage (rate ratio 1.7). CONCLUSION: Our findings support the need for improved prenatal and intrapartum care to reduce the serious complications and deaths associated with placenta previa. RP IYASU, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1429 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LD672 UT WOS:A1993LD67200016 PM 8498422 ER PT J AU HILLIS, SD JOESOEF, R MARCHBANKS, PA WASSERHEIT, JN CATES, W WESTROM, L AF HILLIS, SD JOESOEF, R MARCHBANKS, PA WASSERHEIT, JN CATES, W WESTROM, L TI DELAYED CARE OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR IMPAIRED FERTILITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; HEALTH CARE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; INFERTILITY; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PATHOGENESIS; SEQUELAE; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the relationship between delayed care of symptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease and impaired fertility. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from a cohort of women with clinically recognized pelvic inflammatory disease. Case patients were women with either ectopic pregnancy or infertility (n = 76); controls were women with intrauterine pregnancies (n = 367). RESULTS: Women who delayed seeking care for pelvic inflammatory disease were three times more likely to experience infertility or ectopic pregnancy than women who sought care promptly after adjustment for age, organism, year of diagnosis, and history of recent gynecologic events (95% confidence interval = 1.27, 6.11). This association was strongest for women with chlamydia; 17.8% (18/101) of those who delayed seeking care had impaired fertility, whereas 0.0% (0/13) of those who sought care promptly suffered known sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Women with pelvic inflammatory disease who delay seeking care are at increased risk for infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Furthermore, our data suggest that prompt evaluation and treatment of chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease can prevent these sequelae. RP HILLIS, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV E06,DIV TRAINING,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 164 Z9 168 U1 4 U2 10 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 168 IS 5 BP 1503 EP 1509 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA LD672 UT WOS:A1993LD67200030 PM 8498436 ER PT J AU HILGARTNER, MW DONFIELD, SM WILLOUGHBY, A CONTANT, CF EVATT, BL GOMPERTS, ED HOOTS, WK JASON, J LOVELAND, KA MCKINLAY, SM STEHBENS, JA AF HILGARTNER, MW DONFIELD, SM WILLOUGHBY, A CONTANT, CF EVATT, BL GOMPERTS, ED HOOTS, WK JASON, J LOVELAND, KA MCKINLAY, SM STEHBENS, JA TI HEMOPHILIA GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY - DESIGN, METHODS, AND ENTRY DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEMOPHILIA; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PHYSICAL GROWTH; SEXUAL MATURATION; IMMUNE FUNCTION; NEUROLOGIC FUNCTIONING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; VIRUS-INFECTION; CHILDREN; AIDS AB Purpose: The study design, research questions, and baseline data are presented from a multicenter longitudinal epidemiologic investigation of the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on three areas of functioning in children and adolescents with hemophilia: physical growth and sexual maturation, immune function, and neurological and neuropsychological functioning. Patients and Methods: Sixty-nine percent (n = 333) of a population of males between the ages of 6 and 19 years with moderate to severe hemophilia participated in a comprehensive baseline examination. Approximately 62% of the study group was HIV seropositive and 38% HIV seronegative. Results: Adjusted for age, HIV-positive participants were three times as likely as HIV-negative participants to exhibit declines in height-for-age attainment (p = 0.05), twice as likely to have delays in sexual maturation (p = 0.414), and more than three times as likely to exhibit antibody levels that were not indicative of prior exposure or vaccination (p < 0.001). In addition, analysis of a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests showed that HIV-positive participants were 50% more likely to show scores approximately 1 SD below expected levels in three of nine functional areas (p = NS) compared with HIV-negative participants. Conclusions: Entry data for this study reveal a greater likelihood for HIV-positive children and adolescents with moderate to severe hemophilia to have abnormal growth, and to exhibit antibody levels not indicative of prior exposure to disease or vaccination, which could be attributed to HIV infection. Lowered neuropsychological test performance in both groups may be attributable to the deleterious effects of chronic illness. Data are being collected from a group of non-HIV infected non-hemophiliac siblings for comparison. C1 NEW ENGLAND RES INST,WATERTOWN,MA. NICHHD,PEDIAT ADOLESCENT & MATERNAL AIDS BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT ARCTIC BIOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,NATL AIDS INFORMAT & EDUC PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77025. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77025. UNIV TEXAS,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,HOUSTON,TX 77025. UNIV IOWA,DEPT PSYCHIAT & BEHAV SCI,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP HILGARTNER, MW (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,DIV PEDIAT HEMATOL & ONCOL,525 E 68TH ST,ROOM N-740,NEW YORK,NY 10021, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR06020]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-8-2908]; PHS HHS [MCJ-060570] NR 15 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0192-8562 J9 AM J PEDIAT HEMATOL PD MAY PY 1993 VL 15 IS 2 BP 208 EP 218 PG 11 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA KX827 UT WOS:A1993KX82700009 PM 8498644 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML TI THE FACES OF INJURY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB There is an epidemic of violence in our country today. The statistics are well known. However, statistics can lose their emotional impact. The danger is that we will come to see violence as inevitable, as a fact of life. To prevent this, we must know the problem in human terms, we must see the faces behind the numbers. This article tells the story of Vi Harwell, one of these faces. RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,MS-F36,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 SU S BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA LK711 UT WOS:A1993LK71100003 ER PT J AU MERCY, JA AF MERCY, JA TI THE PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPACT OF FIREARM INJURIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The public health impact of firearm-related deaths and injuries in the United States is enormous. During 1989, almost 35,000 people died from firearm-related injuries. Fifty-two percent of these deaths were due to suicide, 42% to homicide, and 4% to unintentional circumstances. Estimates indicate that for every firearm-related fatality more than seven nonfatal injuries occur. The lifetime cost of firearm-related injuries occurring in 1985 is estimated to be $14.4 billion. Demographic groups at greatest risk of a firearm-related death include males, adolescents, young adults, and blacks. The number and rate of firearm-related deaths in the United States has remained fairly steady through the 1980s. However, firearm-related death rates for females, male teenagers, and young adults are higher now than at any time previously. Action to lessen the impact of this public health problem is urgently needed, but this action must be guided by science. RP MERCY, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 9 IS 3 SU S BP 8 EP 11 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA LK711 UT WOS:A1993LK71100004 ER PT J AU SOSIN, DM KELLER, P SACKS, JJ KRESNOW, MJ VANDYCK, PC AF SOSIN, DM KELLER, P SACKS, JJ KRESNOW, MJ VANDYCK, PC TI SURFACE-SPECIFIC FALL INJURY RATES ON UTAH SCHOOL PLAYGROUNDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB The purpose of this study was to estimate surface-specific rates of fall injuries on school playgrounds. Playground injuries related to falls from climbing equipment and the surfaces involved were identified from injury reports for 1988 to 1990 from 157 Utah elementary schools. Enrollment data and playground inspections were used to estimate student-years spent over each surface. The fall injury rates per 10 000 student-years were asphalt, 44; grass, 12; mats, 16; gravel, 15; and sand, 7. These data did not show that impact-absorbing surfaces reduce fall injuries on playgrounds better than grass. Improved field studies are needed to guide policy decisions for playground surfacing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. DEPT HLTH,DIV FAMILY HLTH SERV,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. RP SOSIN, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF C-08,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [R49/CCR803285-03] NR 11 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1993 VL 83 IS 5 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.5.733 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB825 UT WOS:A1993LB82500025 PM 8484459 ER PT J AU SIEGEL, PZ FRANKS, AL AF SIEGEL, PZ FRANKS, AL TI POTENTIAL BIAS IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK BEHAVIOR STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter RP SIEGEL, PZ (reprint author), NCCDPHP,CTR DIS CONTROL,BEHAV SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP K30,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1993 VL 83 IS 5 BP 771 EP 771 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.5.771-b PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB825 UT WOS:A1993LB82500040 PM 8484471 ER PT J AU MARSHALL, GS RABALAIS, GP STEWART, JA DOBBINS, JG AF MARSHALL, GS RABALAIS, GP STEWART, JA DOBBINS, JG TI CYTOMEGALOVIRUS SEROPREVALENCE IN WOMEN BEARING CHILDREN IN JEFFERSON-COUNTY, KENTUCKY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; SEROPREVALENCE; IMMUNITY; CONGENITAL INFECTION; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; HERPESVIRUSES ID PROTEAN CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS; VIRUS INFECTION; UBIQUITOUS AGENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE AB Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease occurs almost exclusively in infants born to seronegative mothers who acquire the virus during pregnancy. This study sought to determine patterns of CMV immunity in women of childbearing age at one center participating in a national study. Cord blood specimens from 100 consecutive deliveries at each of three hospitals were tested for CMV-specific IgG. Mean age of women in this sample was 25.7 years; 76% were white, 60% were from middle and upper socioeconomic status, 64% were married, and 57% had other living children. Overall seroprevalence rate was 62%. Univariate analysis showed strong associations between seropositivity and lower socioeconomic status, nonwhite race, and age younger than 25 years (odds ratios, 4.4, 3.9, and 2.5, respectively). Stratification by socioeconomic status and race eliminated the effect of age. Stratification by socioeconomic status markedly reduced the effect of race, whereas stratification by race only moderately reduced the effect of lower socioeconomic status, which was the strongest predictor of seropositivity (odds ratio, 3.4). Seroprevalence was lowest among older white women of middle and upper socioeconomic status (47% seropositive). Development of longitudinal regional seroprevalence data will facilitate interpretation of data generated by the National CMV Registry. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MARSHALL, GS (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 305 IS 5 BP 292 EP 296 DI 10.1097/00000441-199305000-00005 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA LB673 UT WOS:A1993LB67300005 PM 8387242 ER PT J AU QUICK, RE VARGAS, R MORENO, D MUJICA, O BEINGOLEA, L PALACIOS, AM SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV AF QUICK, RE VARGAS, R MORENO, D MUJICA, O BEINGOLEA, L PALACIOS, AM SEMINARIO, L TAUXE, RV TI EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN THE AMAZON - THE CHALLENGE OF PREVENTING DEATH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BANGLADESH; THERAPY AB Epidemic cholera struck Peru in January 199 1, and spread rapidly. The national cholera case-fatality rate (CFR) was less than 1% in the first six months of the epidemic, but in some rural areas, the CFR exceeded 10%. We investigated cholera mortality in the rural Amazon region, an area with a CFR of 6.3%. We conducted a case-control study, comparing 29 decedents with 61 survivors of recent cholera-like diarrheal illness in 12 villages with a combined CFR of 13.5%. Of 29 decedents, 28 (96%) died in the village or en route to a health facility. Death occurred within 36 hours of illness onset for 83% of the decedents. In 11 (92%) villages, the first or second recognized case was fatal. Death was associated with receiving treatment only at home (odds ratio indeterminate; 95% confidence interval 3.5, indeterminate). Treatment with oral rehydration salts (ORS) was not protective against death for patients who received treatment only at home. Treatment with homemade sugar-salt solution (SSS) was also not protective; fewer than one-third of respondents knew the correct SSS recipe. Most decedents experienced multiple barriers to health care. Cholera victims died rapidly and early in village outbreaks, and few patients had access to health care. Provision of threatened villages with ORS supplies and education in their use before cholera strikes is essential to reducing cholera mortality in this region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINIST SALUD,PROGRAMA EPIDEMIOL CAMPO,LIMA 11,PERU. RP QUICK, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 48 IS 5 BP 597 EP 602 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LJ653 UT WOS:A1993LJ65300001 PM 8517478 ER PT J AU SUMARTOJO, E AF SUMARTOJO, E TI WHEN TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT FAILS - A SOCIAL BEHAVIORAL ACCOUNT OF PATIENT ADHERENCE SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; THERAPY; DRUG; CHEMOTHERAPY; INTERVIEW; PROGRAM; CARE; CAPE RP SUMARTOJO, E (reprint author), NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV TB ELIMINAT,E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 78 TC 313 Z9 324 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 147 IS 5 BP 1311 EP 1320 PG 10 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LJ666 UT WOS:A1993LJ66600042 PM 8484650 ER PT J AU GERSHMAN, KA HOFFMAN, RE AF GERSHMAN, KA HOFFMAN, RE TI COMPARISON OF EARLY AND LATE LATENT SYPHILIS - COLORADO, 1991 SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,CLIN RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,SURVEILLANCE & INFORMAT SYST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GERSHMAN, KA (reprint author), COLORADO DEPT HLTH,HIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM,DENVER,CO, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 129 IS 5 BP 560 EP 560 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA LB403 UT WOS:A1993LB40300001 ER PT J AU SPARK, RP MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA MONTANO, MA GARFIELD, MD AF SPARK, RP MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM LASKER, BA MONTANO, MA GARFIELD, MD TI RHODOCOCCUS SPECIES FATAL INFECTION IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT HOST SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION; EQUI AB A 24-year-old woman had fatal pneumonia-associated adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by Rhodococcus species. Histological examination of lung biopsy tissue showed intracellular coccobacillary microorganisms. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests on the patient's blood isolate showed that it was resistant to clindamycin and norfloxacin but susceptible to several other antimicrobial agents. Also, the isolate's biochemical reactions and pattern of RNA gene-containing restriction fragments were significantly different from those of the 20 recognized Rhodococcus species, suggesting that this patient's infection was caused by an as yet uncharacterized Rhodococcus species. Of the 17 human cases of nonequi Rhodococcus species infection reported to date (including the current case), nine patients were immunocompetent, five had disseminated infection, and four died. Further studies will be required to unequivocally establish the species status of this patient's Rhodococcus isolate biochemically and genetically. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON MED CTR,COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ARIZONA,TUCSON MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,TUCSON,AZ 85721. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 117 IS 5 BP 515 EP 520 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA LA787 UT WOS:A1993LA78700015 PM 7683869 ER PT J AU MUELLER, PW AF MUELLER, PW TI DETECTING THE RENAL EFFECTS OF CADMIUM TOXICITY SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID LOW-LEVEL; WORKERS; EXPOSURE; DYSFUNCTION; PROTEINS; KIDNEY; URINE; POPULATION; EXCRETION RP MUELLER, PW (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 5 BP 743 EP 745 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LB546 UT WOS:A1993LB54600001 PM 8485864 ER PT J AU MARCOVINA, SM ALBERS, JJ HENDERSON, LO HANNON, WH AF MARCOVINA, SM ALBERS, JJ HENDERSON, LO HANNON, WH TI INTERNATIONAL-FEDERATION-OF-CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY STANDARDIZATION PROJECT FOR MEASUREMENTS OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I AND APOLIPOPROTEIN-B .3. COMPARABILITY OF APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I VALUES BY USE OF INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MATERIAL SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE CALIBRATION; IMMUNOASSAYS; TRUBIDIMETRY; NEPHELOMETRY; RADIAL IMMUNODIFFUSION ID CANDIDATE REFERENCE; SERUM; DISEASE AB In the third phase of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) study for the standardization of apolipoprotein (apo) measurements, the preparation SP1-01, selected as the candidate international reference material for apo A-1, was investigated for its ability to transfer an accuracy-based value to the immunoassay calibrators and to produce comparability of the values for patients' samples. An apo A-1 value of 1.50 g/L (SD 0.08 g/L) was assigned to SP1 -01 by a highly standardized RIA calibrated with purified apo A-1 for which the mass value had been determined by amino acid analysis. According to a common detailed protocol, the participants transferred the mass value from SP1-01 to the calibrator of each method. To confirm that uniformity of calibration ensures comparability of the values over a wide range of apo A-1 values, each laboratory analyzed 50 fresh-frozen samples from individual donors, using an approach similar to that adopted by the Cholesterol Reference Laboratory Network. The consensus mean value for each sample was in excellent agreement with the value assigned by the Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories, with the average absolute bias between assigned and consensus value being 0.01 g/L. The among-laboratory CV on each of the 50 samples ranged from 2.1% to 5.6% (mean 3.6%), demonstrating that comparable apo A-I results can be obtained by a variety of immunochemical methods through the use of certified reference material. Based on the results obtained in these studies, SP1-01 has been approved as Apolipoprotein A-1 International Reference Material by the World Health Organization. C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MARCOVINA, SM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,NW LIPID RE LAB,DEPT MED,2121 N 35TH ST,SEATTLE,WA 98103, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 44105] NR 15 TC 156 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 39 IS 5 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA LB546 UT WOS:A1993LB54600005 PM 8485867 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT GOODPASTURE, HC ALEXANDER, H WERNER, SB HATHEWAY, CL TAUXE, RV AF WEBER, JT GOODPASTURE, HC ALEXANDER, H WERNER, SB HATHEWAY, CL TAUXE, RV TI WOUND BOTULISM IN A PATIENT WITH A TOOTH ABSCESS - CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; FOODBORNE BOTULISM AB We describe a case of wound botulism associated with a tooth abscess in a 5-year-old boy. We reviewed the literature and reports to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta) of laboratory-confirmed cases of wound botulism. From 1943 through 1990, 47 cases were reported. Type A botulinus toxin was identified in 32 cases, type B in 13, types A and B in 1, and an unknown type in 1. Botulism was associated with wounds from trauma, use of injectable drugs, and surgery. Sinusitis after use of intranasal cocaine has also been associated with botulism. Treatment for wound botulism includes prompt debridement of the wound for eliminating anaerobic conditions, intensive care, and treatment with antitoxin. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BOTULISM LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV KANSAS,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. HCA WESLEY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,WICHITA,KS. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,GEN INFECT DIS UNIT,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTERIC DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 16 IS 5 BP 635 EP 639 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LA963 UT WOS:A1993LA96300010 PM 8507754 ER PT J AU MUSTAFA, MM WEITMAN, SD WINICK, NJ BELLINI, WJ TIMMONS, CF SIEGEL, JD AF MUSTAFA, MM WEITMAN, SD WINICK, NJ BELLINI, WJ TIMMONS, CF SIEGEL, JD TI SUBACUTE MEASLES ENCEPHALITIS IN THE YOUNG IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST - REPORT OF 2 CASES DIAGNOSED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND TREATED WITH RIBAVIRIN AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INCLUSION-BODY ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS GENE-EXPRESSION; SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS; MALIGNANT DISEASE; CHILDREN; ENCEPHALOPATHY; INFECTION; PATIENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; LEUKEMIA AB Two young patients with subacute measles encephalitis are described: a 20-year-old male hemophiliac infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a 4-year-old girl with acute leukemia. Both patients were afebrile and had persistent focal seizures and slurred speech beginning 2 and 7 months, respectively, after the onset of uncomplicated acute measles. The diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis was established by demonstration of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid on electron microscopy of brain tissue in one case and by detection of measles virus genome with the polymerase chain reaction in both. Treatment of the HIV-infected man with intravenous ribavirin was begun when the patient lost consciousness after several weeks of seizures; he died. The girl with leukemia was treated early after the onset of symptoms and recovered after a 15-week course. Review of 31 previously published cases revealed a typical clinical presentation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography, measurement of measles antibody in serum and CSF, and computed tomography of the brain were not helpful in the diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis. In contrast, histologic examination of brain tissue proved useful in establishing the diagnosis. On the basis of our experience and our literature review, we conclude that histologic and polymerase chain reaction studies of brain tissue are required for the early diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis and that therapy with intravenous ribavirin is effective when administered early. C1 CHILDRENS MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75235. CHILDRENS MED CTR,SW MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DALLAS,TX 75235. CTR DIS CONTROL,MEASLES VIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MUSTAFA, MM (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,5323 HARRY HINES BLVD,DALLAS,TX 75235, USA. NR 33 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 16 IS 5 BP 654 EP 660 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LA963 UT WOS:A1993LA96300013 PM 8323578 ER PT J AU LOTT, TJ KUYKENDALL, RJ WELBEL, SF PRAMANIK, A LASKER, BA AF LOTT, TJ KUYKENDALL, RJ WELBEL, SF PRAMANIK, A LASKER, BA TI GENOMIC HETEROGENEITY IN THE YEAST CANDIDA-PARAPSILOSIS SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE CANDIDA-PARAPSILOSIS; PULSED-FIELD ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; GENOMIC FINGERPRINT ID ELECTROPHORETIC KARYOTYPE; ALBICANS; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS AB Candida parapsilosis shows a wide intraspecies variation in chromosome/homolog size distribution. As a prerequisite for delineating modes of transmission, we have undertaken an analysis of genetic variation at different levels. In the present study we have observed that a majority of isolates display similar electrophoretic karyotype patterns consistent for the species, with variations in the smaller group of chromosomes. In two strains we observed phenotypic ''switching''; one of these also exhibited a mixed karyotypic subpopulation. In contrast, a few isolates displayed a greater degree of chromosome/homolog size variation. We also observed, through randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, results consistent with those of pulsed-field electrophoresis. Isolates displaying a high degree of chromosome/homolog variation also displayed a high degree of variation in genomic ''fingerprints''. Polymorphisms, although present, were much reduced in the majority of isolates. These parallel observations suggest a common underlying mechanism. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that chromosome-sized variations in C parapsilosis are due to random genetic events. A similar mechanism has been hypothesized for the taxonomically related yeast Candida albicans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT NEONATOL, SHREVEPORT, LA 71105 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0172-8083 EI 1432-0983 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 5-6 BP 463 EP 467 DI 10.1007/BF00312635 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA LY916 UT WOS:A1993LY91600015 PM 8319303 ER PT J AU SIDDIQI, SH LASZLO, A BUTLER, WR KILBURN, JO AF SIDDIQI, SH LASZLO, A BUTLER, WR KILBURN, JO TI BACTERIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF UNUSUAL MYCOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; GORDONAE AB Mycobacterial isolates from blood and other extrapulmonary sites of six patients with AIDS were investigated because the isolates grew only in liquid media and failed to grow on solid culture media even on subculturing. Our investigations indicated that these mycobacteria possess common, but unusual, characteristics and probably belong to an unrecognized species recently reported as ''Mycobacterium genavense.'' C1 LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SIDDIQI, SH (reprint author), BECTON DICKINSON DIAGNOST,DEPT RES & DEV,7 LOVETON CIRCLE,SPARKS,MD 21152, USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 321 EP 323 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(93)90083-J PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LA042 UT WOS:A1993LA04200006 PM 8495588 ER PT J AU AMLER, RW LYBARGER, JA AF AMLER, RW LYBARGER, JA TI RESEARCH-PROGRAM FOR NEUROTOXIC DISORDERS AND OTHER ADVERSE HEALTH OUTCOMES AT HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SITES IN THE UNITED-STATES-OF-AMERICA SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON NEUROBEHAVIORAL METHODS AND EFFECTS IN OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CY JUL 08-11, 1991 CL TOKYO, JAPAN RP AMLER, RW (reprint author), US PHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 2 BP 279 EP 284 DI 10.1006/enrs.1993.1072 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LD728 UT WOS:A1993LD72800010 PM 8495669 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL PFALLER, MA FUCHS, PC TENOVER, FC RELLER, LB ALLEN, SD HARDY, DJ GERLACH, EH AF BARRY, AL PFALLER, MA FUCHS, PC TENOVER, FC RELLER, LB ALLEN, SD HARDY, DJ GERLACH, EH TI INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR DETERMINING BACTERIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FOSFOMYCIN TROMETHAMINE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID TROMETAMOL SALT AB Studies with fosfomycin tromethamine disks containing 200 mug of fosfomycin and 50 mug of glucose-6-phosphate confirmed the following zone diameter criteria for the NCCLS method: less-than-or-equal-to 12 mm for resistant (MIC greater-than-or-equal-to 256 mug/ml), 13-15 mm for intermediate (MIC 128 mug/ml) and greater-than-or-equal-to 16 mm for susceptible (MIC less-than-or-equal-to 64 mug/ml). Additional studies defined acceptable MIC and zone diameter ranges for the following quality control strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, MIC 0.5 to 4.0 mug/ml, zone diameter 23 to 29 nun; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, zone diameter 26 to 32 mm; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27813, MIC 2.0 to 8.0 mug/ml; and Enterococcus faecalis, ATCC 29212, MIC 16 to 64 mug/ml. C1 ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46223. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. ST FRANCIS REG MED CTR,WICHITA,KS 67214. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU FRIEDR VIEWEG SOHN VERLAG GMBH PI WIESBADEN 1 PA PO BOX 5829, W-6200 WIESBADEN 1, GERMANY SN 0934-9723 J9 EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL JI Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 352 EP 356 DI 10.1007/BF01964433 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA LF368 UT WOS:A1993LF36800008 PM 8354302 ER PT J AU KRAWCZYNSKI, K AF KRAWCZYNSKI, K TI HEPATITIS-E SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; NORTH-INDIA; RECOVERY; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION RP KRAWCZYNSKI, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 69 TC 166 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 17 IS 5 BP 932 EP 941 DI 10.1016/0270-9139(93)90171-I PG 10 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LC825 UT WOS:A1993LC82500024 PM 8491455 ER PT J AU WHITTAM, TS WOLFE, ML WACHSMUTH, IK ORSKOV, F ORSKOV, I WILSON, RA AF WHITTAM, TS WOLFE, ML WACHSMUTH, IK ORSKOV, F ORSKOV, I WILSON, RA TI CLONAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS THAT CAUSE HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS AND INFANTILE DIARRHEA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; TOXIN-CONVERTING PHAGES; TISSUE-CULTURE CELLS; SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLETS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; STRUCTURAL GENES; O157-H7; SEROTYPES AB The genetic relationships among 1,300 isolates of Escherichia coli representing 16 serotypes associated with enteric disease, including O157:H7 strains recovered from patients with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome and O26:H11, O55:H6, O55:H7, O111:H2, and O128:H2 strains, many of which were isolated originally from infants with diarrhea, were estimated from allelic variation among 20 enzyme-encoding genes detected by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Multiple electrophoretic types were observed among isolates of each serotype, with isolates of the same O serogroup differing on average at 28% of the enzyme loci. Comparisons of the multilocus enzyme profiles revealed that 72% of the isolates belong to 15 major electrophoretic types, each of which corresponds to a bacterial clone with a wide geographic distribution. Genetically, the O157:H7 clone is most closely related to a clone of 055:H7 strains that has long been associated with worldwide outbreaks of infantile diarrhea. We propose that the new pathogen emerged when an 055:H7-like progenitor, already possessing a mechanism for adherence to intestinal cells, acquired secondary virulence factors (Shiga-like cytotoxins and plasmid-encoded adhesins) via horizontal transfer and recombination. C1 STATENS SERUMINST,INT ESCHERICHIA & KLEBSIELLA,DK-3000 COPENHAGEN S,DENMARK. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT VET SCI,UNIV PK,PA 16802. RP WHITTAM, TS (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,INST MOLEC EVOLUTIONARY GENET,UNIV PK,PA 16802, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 24566, AI 00964] NR 58 TC 289 Z9 299 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5 BP 1619 EP 1629 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KZ177 UT WOS:A1993KZ17700003 PM 7682992 ER PT J AU MORRISON, CJ HURST, SF BRAGG, SL KUYKENDALL, RJ DIAZ, H POHL, J REISS, E AF MORRISON, CJ HURST, SF BRAGG, SL KUYKENDALL, RJ DIAZ, H POHL, J REISS, E TI HETEROGENEITY OF THE PURIFIED EXTRACELLULAR ASPARTYL PROTEINASE FROM CANDIDA-ALBICANS - CHARACTERIZATION WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AND N-TERMINAL AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SILVER STAIN; CATHEPSIN-D; GENE; ANTIGENS; PURIFICATION; QUANTITIES; SECRETION AB Three dominant proteins (41, 48, and 49 kDa) were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in purified preparations of the extracellular aspartyl proteinase (A-P) of Candida albicans. All three proteins bound to the specific carboxyl proteinase ligand, pepstatin A, and were associated with maximum AP activity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence for the 48- and 49-kDa proteins matched that reported by others for AP, whereas the sequence for the 41-kDa protein was unique and was not homologous to any known protein. Time course studies demonstrated the simultaneous presence of all three proteins, supporting evidence that the 41- and 48-kDa proteins were not breakdown products of AP. Previous studies did not detect carbohydrate in SDS-polyacrylamide gels of purified AP preparations stained with periodic acid and silver, making glycosylation an unlikely explanation for the observed differences in the molecular masses of the proteins. Some monoclonal antibodies directed against the 49-kDa protein reacted with the 41- and 48-kDa proteins, indicating cross-reactive epitopes. Other monoclonal antibodies, however, reacted only with the 49-kDa protein. We conclude that three pepstatin A-binding proteins occur in purified AP preparations: two have the same amino acid N terminus as that reported for AP, whereas the third has a unique sequence. All three proteins should be considered when undertaking studies to determine the role of AP in candidal pathogenesis or when preparing specific antibodies for antigen capture assays. C1 XXI CENTURY CHILDRENS HOSP,MEXICO CITY,MEXICO. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,MICROCHEM FACIL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP MORRISON, CJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5 BP 2030 EP 2036 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KZ177 UT WOS:A1993KZ17700059 PM 8478090 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, KF KIEHLBAUCH, JA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM WACHSMUTH, IK AF ANDERSON, KF KIEHLBAUCH, JA ANDERSON, DC MCCLURE, HM WACHSMUTH, IK TI ARCOBACTER-(CAMPYLOBACTER)-BUTZLERI-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEAL ILLNESS IN A NONHUMAN PRIMATE POPULATION SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; MACACA-NEMESTRINA; ANIMALS; NOV AB After DNA hybridization identified an isolate from an ill rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) as Arcobacter (Campylobacter) butzleri, we initiated a study to determine whether A. butzleri was associated with diarrheal disease in nonhuman primates at the Yerkes Primate Research Center. By using Campy-CVA medium incubated at 35-degrees-C, 15 A. butzleri isolates were obtained from 14 macaques; 7 macaques were coinfected with Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni. A. butzleri was not isolated from normal feces, despite the fact that feces from 76 macaques were cultured at necropsy. Histologic evaluation of colonic specimens from three macaques from which A. butzleri had been isolated showed mild to moderately severe chronic, active colitis. Ribotype analysis of the 15 A. butzleri isolates revealed nine different strains; these data suggest that A. butzleri may be endemic in this primate population and that a point source of infection is unlikely. This is the first report of the presence of A. butzleri in juvenile and adult macaques with diarrhea, and it may present an opportunity to study the pathogenesis of this organism, which appears to be associated with persistent diarrhea in humans. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ANDERSON, KF (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,YERKES PRIMATE RES CTR,DIV PATHOBIOL & IMMUNOBIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RROO165] NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 61 IS 5 BP 2220 EP 2223 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KZ177 UT WOS:A1993KZ17700087 PM 8478115 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J ANDA, RF KLEINMAN, JC KAHN, HS BYERS, T AF WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J ANDA, RF KLEINMAN, JC KAHN, HS BYERS, T TI RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AND 10-YEAR WEIGHT CHANGE IN A UNITED-STATES NATIONAL COHORT SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE COHORT; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; WEIGHT CHANGE; WEIGHT GAIN ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; FOLLOW-UP; EXERCISE; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; FITNESS; ADULTS AB Clinical research has established that increases in physical activity cause weight loss among the obese, but less is known about the influence of physical activity on longer-term weight change in the general population. Data from the NHANES-I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1971-1975 to 1982-1984) were used to examine the relationship between self-reported recreational physical activity level (low, medium, high) and measured weight change after ten years among 3515 men and 5810 women aged 25-74 years. Cross-sectional analyses at both the baseline and follow-up surveys revealed that recreational physical activity was inversely related to body weight. Low recreational physical activity reported at the follow-up survey was strongly related to major weight gain (>13 kg) that had occurred during the preceding ten years. The estimated relative risk of major weight gain for those in the low activity level at the follow-up survey compared to those in the high activity level was 3.1 (95% CI = 1.6-6.0) in men and 3.8 (2.3-6.5) in women. In addition, the relative risk for persons whose activity level was low at both the baseline and follow-up surveys was 2.3 (0.9-5.8) in men and 7.1 (2.2-23.3) in women. However, no relationship was found between baseline physical activity level and subsequent weight gain among either men or women. The lack of a relationship may be due to mis-specification of physical activity because of changes in activity over time. These findings suggest that low physical activity may be both a cause and a consequence of weight gain. Prospective studies with more frequent measurement of both physical activity and body weight are needed to better describe the temporal relationship between physical activity and weight change in the general population. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30303. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,M S K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 24 TC 228 Z9 231 U1 3 U2 22 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 17 IS 5 BP 279 EP 286 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KY631 UT WOS:A1993KY63100005 PM 8389337 ER PT J AU RAMPEY, AH IRWIN, KL OBERLE, MW KINCHEN, S LEE, NC MARSDEN, A ROSEROBIXBY, L AF RAMPEY, AH IRWIN, KL OBERLE, MW KINCHEN, S LEE, NC MARSDEN, A ROSEROBIXBY, L TI THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT REFERENCE DATES FOR CONTROL EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT ON RELATIVE RISK ESTIMATES IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CASE-CONTROL STUDY; ODDS RATIOS; RELATIVE RISK ID COSTA-RICA; CANCER AB In case-control studies in which case and control enrollment periods are not identical, exposure status for time-dependent variables is often measured relative to a reference date. Using data from a case-control study of the relation between cervical cancer and oral contraceptive (OC) use in which control enrollment began 6 months after the end of case enrollment, we evaluated the effect on odds ratios from using five different reference dates to determine the controls' exposure status. The choice of reference date had little effect on the odds ratios in this study. Reference dates for time-dependent exposure variables should be considered carefully in studies when case and control enrollment periods are not identical. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MARKET STRATEGIES INC,SOUTHFIELD,MI 48075. UNIV COSTA RICA,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. RP RAMPEY, AH (reprint author), ELI LILLY & CO,LILLY CORP CTR,LILLY RES LAB,STAT & MATH SCI,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46285, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 46 IS 5 BP 431 EP 434 DI 10.1016/0895-4356(93)90019-W PG 4 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LG763 UT WOS:A1993LG76300003 PM 8501468 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, JA FACKLAM, RR AF ELLIOTT, JA FACKLAM, RR TI IDENTIFICATION OF LEUCONOSTOC SPP BY ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE WHOLE-CELL PROTEIN-PATTERNS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; DIFFERENTIATION; STREPTOCOCCI; BACTERIA; HUMANS AB Leuconostoc spp. share several physiologic characteristics, which sometimes makes it difficult to identify these organisms to the species level. We developed a system, based on the patterns of soluble whole-cell proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, that was able to discriminate between the six Leuconostoc spp. that are capable of growth at 37-degrees-C. Nine unidentified Leuconostoc-like bacterial isolates that were included in the study did not fit any of the protein profiles or the type strains and may represent new Leuconostoc spp. RP ELLIOTT, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1030 EP 1033 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KY463 UT WOS:A1993KY46300002 PM 8501203 ER PT J AU STANECK, JL WECKBACH, LS TILTON, RC ZABRANSKY, RJ BAYOLAMUELLER, L OHARA, CM MILLER, JM AF STANECK, JL WECKBACH, LS TILTON, RC ZABRANSKY, RJ BAYOLAMUELLER, L OHARA, CM MILLER, JM TI COLLABORATIVE EVALUATION OF THE RADIOMETER SENSITITRE-AP80 FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB A multicenter trial of the Sensititre AP80 panel read on the Sensititre AutoReader (Radiometer America, Westlake, Ohio) for the automated identification of gram-negative bacilli was conducted with 1,023 clinical isolates (879 members of the family Enterobacteriaceae plus 144 nonenteric organisms). Assignment of taxa was based on the computer-assisted interpretation of the results of a series of reactions with fluorogenic enzyme substrates after 5 h of incubation, with an incubation interval of approximately 18 h used when indicated. Accuracy was determined initially by comparison with the results obtained with the API 20E or Rapid NFT system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.). Isolates showing discrepancies were identified by using conventional biochemical profiles. Identifications were available after 5 h of incubation for 918 isolates (90%). Agreements with reference results for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were 95.3 and 92.5% at the genus and species levels, respectively, and for the nonmembers of the family Enterobacteriaceae, the agreements with reference results were 95.1 and 84.7%, respectively. The Sensititre AP80 panel was found to be simple and convenient to use, allowed for the testing of three isolates per panel, required minimal supplementary testing for completion of identification, performed in a reproducible fashion, and demonstrated an accuracy of same-day identification comparable to that reported for other automated systems. The AP80 panel appears well suited for routine use in the clinical microbiology laboratory as an automated means of identifying both members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. N AMER LAB GRP,NEW BRITAIN,CT 06052. SINAI SAMARITAN MED CTR,MILWAUKEE,WI 53201. RP STANECK, JL (reprint author), UNIV HOSP CINCINNATI,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1179 EP 1184 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KY463 UT WOS:A1993KY46300026 PM 8501217 ER PT J AU SULLENDER, WM SUN, LR ANDERSON, LJ AF SULLENDER, WM SUN, LR ANDERSON, LJ TI ANALYSIS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS GENETIC-VARIABILITY WITH AMPLIFIED CDNAS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; SUBGROUP-B STRAINS; ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; GROUP-A; SEQUENCE; HETEROGENEITY; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Antigenic and genetic heterogeneities exist within the two major antigenic groups of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay that not only differentiates the two RS virus groups but allows distinctions within groups on the basis of changes in the nucleotide sequences, as revealed by restriction fragment analysis. In this assay, viral RNA served as a template for cDNA synthesis with extension from a synthetic oligonucleotide primer complementary to bases 164 to 186 in the F protein mRNA. For PCR amplification, two group-specific 5' primers were added. The two primers corresponded to the G protein mRNA sequence of group B (bases 10 to 30) or group A (bases 247 to 267) RS virus. Agarose gel electrophoresis readily discriminated the 1.1-kb group B and the 0.9-kb group A virus amplification products. All 47 viruses tested were assigned to the same group by both PCR and monoclonal antibody reaction pattern analysis. Restriction fragment analysis of the amplified DNAs revealed 12 restriction patterns for group A viruses and 7 restriction patterns for group B viruses, while the monoclonal antibody reaction patterns revealed seven patterns for group A viruses and 3 patterns for group B viruses. Most viruses with the same monoclonal antibody reaction patterns had different restriction patterns, and some viruses with the same restriction patterns had different monoclonal antibody reaction patterns. Thus, the results of the PCR assay concurred with the monoclonal antibody reaction pattern analysis for group classification of RS viruses, while the restriction fragment analysis identified greater diversity within groups than was seen with the monoclonal antibody analysis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI27767]; NICHD NIH HHS [P30 HD28831] NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1224 EP 1231 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KY463 UT WOS:A1993KY46300035 PM 8099086 ER PT J AU HAAS, WH BUTLER, WR WOODLEY, CL CRAWFORD, JT AF HAAS, WH BUTLER, WR WOODLEY, CL CRAWFORD, JT TI MIXED-LINKER POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION - A NEW METHOD FOR RAPID FINGERPRINTING OF ISOLATES OF THE MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IS6110; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; SEQUENCES; ELEMENT AB Rapid recognition of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a desirable goal for treatment of patients and protection of health care workers. DNA fingerprints produced with the insertion sequence IS6110 generate restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns that reliably identify M. tuberculosis complex strains. This report describes a rapid technique for RFLP typing using the polymerase chain reaction. The method uses one primer specific for IS6110 and a second primer complementary to a linker ligated to the restricted genomic DNA. In one strand the linker contains uracil in place of thymidine, and specific amplification is obtained by elimination of this strand with uracil N-glycosylase. Mixed-linker fingerprinting clearly differentiated multidrug-resistant isolates from 12 outbreaks and unambiguously assigned them to 26 RFLP groups. C1 UNIV HEIDELBERG,CHILDRENS HOSP,DEPT GEN PEDIAT,W-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. RP HAAS, WH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1298 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KY463 UT WOS:A1993KY46300048 PM 8099087 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R COMBS, D PARRISH, RG ING, RT AF HANZLICK, R COMBS, D PARRISH, RG ING, RT TI DEATH INVESTIGATION IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1990 - A SURVEY OF STATUTES, SYSTEMS, AND EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE FORENSIC SCIENCE; JURISPRUDENCE; MEDICAL EXAMINERS; CORONERS; DEATH INVESTIGATION LAWS AB We conducted a survey to summarize the status of medicolegal death investigation in the United States in terms of system type, language in state statutes, and terms of service and educational requirements for coroners and medical examiners (death investigators). Certain types of deaths are often mentioned in statutes while others are inconsistently investigated in the various states. The majority of the U.S. population is served by death investigation that is organized on a local or district level, but often administered by a non-medical branch of government. Many more jurisdictions have elected coroners than appointed medical examiners, but the majority of the population is served by a medical examiner. One-fourth of the population is served by death investigators who are not required to have a medical background or training or experience in death investigation. We recommend that all States adopt policies and minimum educational and training requirements for their death investigators that emphasize medical investigation of death, ongoing continuity and experience, and medically oriented administration. We also recommend that each state address in their statutes certain types of deaths that are inconsistently investigated, including fetal deaths, anesthetic and intra-operative deaths, peri-therapeutic or peri-diagnostic deaths, requested cremations, deaths of institutionalized individuals, suspected cases of sudden infant death syndrome, and deaths occurring shortly after arrival or admission to hospitals. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,SURVEILLANCE & PROGRAMS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 38 IS 3 BP 628 EP 632 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA LD283 UT WOS:A1993LD28300017 ER PT J AU PAUL, WS MOORE, PS KARABATSOS, N FLOOD, SP YAMADA, S JACKSON, T TSAI, TF AF PAUL, WS MOORE, PS KARABATSOS, N FLOOD, SP YAMADA, S JACKSON, T TSAI, TF TI OUTBREAK OF JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS ON THE ISLAND OF SAIPAN, 1990 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; SERUM; NEUTRALIZATION AB During October 1990, an outbreak of encephalitis occurred on Saipan. Although no virus was isolated, patients seroconverted to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, indicating the first known occurrence of JE on US territory since 1947. Ten cases occurred among a population of 40,000. The prevalence of antibody to JE virus among 234 lifelong Saipan residents surveyed after the outbreak was 4.2%. Age, household crowding, and lack of air conditioning were risk factors for infection. The seroprevalence in pigs, which are important amplifying hosts of JE virus, was 96% (n = 52). None of 288 stored serum specimens from lifelong Saipan residents sampled in 1984 were seropositive. These data suggest that JE virus was recently introduced onto Saipan and that peridomestic factors affected the risk of human infection. Transmission of JE virus probably ended with exhaustion of the supply of susceptible amplifying hosts. Surveillance for human cases and seroconversions in pigs during 1991 revealed no evidence of ongoing JE virus transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. COMMONWEALTH HLTH CTR,SAIPAN,TRINID & TOBAGO. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011; OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X; Yamada, Seiji/0000-0002-5258-4488 NR 34 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1053 EP 1058 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900009 PM 8387561 ER PT J AU PIESMAN, J AF PIESMAN, J TI DYNAMICS OF BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI TRANSMISSION BY NYMPHAL IXODES-DAMMINI TICKS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; ENDEMIC AREA; NEW-YORK; ACARI; PREVALENCE; COMPETENCE; ATTACHMENT; DURATION; IXODIDAE AB Groups of 25-30 nymphal Ixodes dammini infected with Borrelia burgdorferi fed on mice for 36, 42, or 48 h. Only 1 (7%) of 14 mice exposed for 36 h became infected as did 3 (25%) of 12 mice exposed for 42 h and 6 (75%) of 8 mice exposed for 48 h. The minimum transmission rate calculation for ticks attached for 36 h was 0.5%; for 42 h, 1.5%; and for 48 h, 5.8%. Homogenates derived from nonfed ''flat'' nymphs or nymphs fed for 12 h were pot infectious to mice. Homogenates derived from nymphs attached for 24 h, however, infected 20% of inoculated mice; homogenates derived from ticks attached for greater-than-or-equal-to 36 h infected greater-than-or-equal-to 80% of inoculated mice. Incubation of nonfed ticks at 37-degrees-C did not produce infectious homogenates. The ID50 for low-passage JD1 strain spirochetes in 3-week-old mice was 2.69 x 10(3) spirochetes. RP PIESMAN, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. NR 29 TC 129 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1082 EP 1085 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900013 PM 8486940 ER PT J AU STOLL, BJ LEE, FK LARSEN, S HALE, E SCHWARTZ, D RICE, RJ ASHBY, R HOLMES, R NAHMIAS, AJ AF STOLL, BJ LEE, FK LARSEN, S HALE, E SCHWARTZ, D RICE, RJ ASHBY, R HOLMES, R NAHMIAS, AJ TI CLINICAL AND SEROLOGIC EVALUATION OF NEONATES FOR CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS - A CONTINUING DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENZYME AB Neonates born to women with reactive serologic tests for syphilis were studied; the total of 116 included 18 who were symptomatic, 60 asymptomatic but possibly infected, and 38 asymptomatic and probably uninfected. The fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) 19S IgM test and an IgM capture ELISA for Treponema pallidum, both treponema-specific assays, and the reverse enzyme-linked immunospot (RELISPOT), which detects immunoglobulin-secreting cells and is a nonspecific indicator of infection, were evaluated. Sensitivities among symptomatic neonates were 88% (IgM ELISA), 73% (FTA-ABS), and 78% (RELISPOT). Specificities ranged from 97% to 100%. A major problem has been the inability to identify which asymptomatic but possibly infected neonate is really uninfected. Among 41 such babies who had all three tests done, 93% were negative by all assays, suggesting they were uninfected or recently infected. Strategies to accurately identify the truly uninfected asymptomatic newborn would prevent the unnecessary hospitalization of all at-risk infants, resulting in improved quality of care and reduced costs. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30335. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA. RP STOLL, BJ (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV NEONATAL PERINATAL MED,80 BUTLER ST,ATLANTA,GA 30335, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32456]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-26634] NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1099 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900015 PM 8486942 ER PT J AU FLOOD, JM SARAFIAN, SK BOLAN, GA LAMMEL, C ENGELMAN, J GREENBLATT, RM BROOKS, GF BACK, A MORSE, SA AF FLOOD, JM SARAFIAN, SK BOLAN, GA LAMMEL, C ENGELMAN, J GREENBLATT, RM BROOKS, GF BACK, A MORSE, SA TI MULTISTRAIN OUTBREAK OF CHANCROID IN SAN-FRANCISCO, 1989-1991 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; DISEASE AB Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and plasmid analyses were used to evaluate an outbreak of Haemophilus ducreyi in San Francisco. Fifty-four cases of culture-confirmed chancroid occurred between May 1989 and May 1991. Of these, 46 (96%) were in men and 35 (65%) were in blacks; the median age of patients was 34 years. Among the 32 isolates submitted for RFLP and plasmid analyses, six different HindIII RFLP patterns were identified. Two RFLP types were found in patients who had recently traveled to Los Angeles, Korea, or El Salvador. Four RFLP types appeared to be acquired locally and were more common among blacks (P = .002), in patients with a history of a sexually transmitted disease (P = .01), and in those who used drugs or exchanged drugs or money for sex (P = .08). The use of RFLP analysis confirmed that this outbreak was associated with multiple strains of H. ducreyi and allowed for the identification of risk factors for locally acquired chancroid. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DIV LAB MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA. FU PHS HHS [H25CCH90-437103, R30CCR90325204] NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1106 EP 1111 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900017 PM 8098052 ER PT J AU FIELDS, BS FIELDS, SRU LOY, JNC WHITE, EH STEFFENS, WL SHOTTS, EB AF FIELDS, BS FIELDS, SRU LOY, JNC WHITE, EH STEFFENS, WL SHOTTS, EB TI ATTACHMENT AND ENTRY OF LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA IN HARTMANNELLA-VERMIFORMIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; AMEBAS; GROWTH; CELLS AB Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular parasite of Hartmannella vermiformis. Attachment to the amebae and entry of L. pneumophila were studied by two quantitative assays: One used plate counts to measure the number of bacteria attaching to amebae at 4-degrees-C; the other determined the number of intracellular bacteria by use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The attachment assay showed that L. pneumophila are inefficient in attachment to amebae. About 0.05% of the bacteria were bound after 1 h with a 10- to 40-fold increase over the next 11 h. Attachment of both virulent and avirulent strains of L. pneumophila occurred at a similar rate. Uptake of L. pneumophila was measured by counting intracellular bacteria using TEM. Limited numbers of virulent L. pneumophila were found intracellularly before 4 h, but the numbers increased logarithmically after this time. The number of amebae containing virulent L. pneumophila increased linearly during the 12-h co-incubation. Avirulent L. pneumophila were rarely detected within amebae throughout the 12-h incubation. Results indicate that entry, not attachment, of virulent L. pneumophila is the limiting step in infection of axenically grown H. vermiformis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,EXPTL PATHOL BRANCH,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANAT,ATHENS,GA 30602. UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT RADIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP FIELDS, BS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1146 EP 1150 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900023 PM 8486947 ER PT J AU LAMMIE, PJ ADDISS, DG LEONARD, G HIGHTOWER, AW EBERHARD, ML AF LAMMIE, PJ ADDISS, DG LEONARD, G HIGHTOWER, AW EBERHARD, ML TI HETEROGENEITY IN FILARIAL-SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS AMONG PATIENTS WITH LYMPHATIC OBSTRUCTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HAITIAN PEDIATRIC POPULATION; BRUGIA-PAHANGI; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; NUDE-MICE; INFECTION; RESPONSES; MALAYI; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DYNAMICS; ANTIGENS AB The relationship between chronic obstructive disease and antifilarial immune responsiveness was studied in the Haitian community of Leogane, where Wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. Differences in sex ratios and in the prevalence of microfilaremia were observed between patients with hydrocele and those with lymphedema or elephantiasis of the lower limb. Only 2 of 84 patients with limb involvement (74 women, 10 men) were microfilaremic compared with 25 of 42 men with hydrocele. Microfilaria-positive men with hydrocele had significantly lower IgG2 and proliferative responses to filarial antigen than did amicrofilaremic men with hydrocele or individuals with lymphedema or elephantiasis. Parasite-specific cellular responses of amicrofilaremic individuals with obstructive disease were greater, although not significantly so, than those of amicrofilaremic asymptomatic members of the community. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that development of obstructive disease of the lymphatics has an immune component in amicrofilaremic persons. C1 ST CROIX HOSP,LEOGANE,HAITI. TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP LAMMIE, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH F13,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005] NR 24 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1178 EP 1183 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900028 PM 8486952 ER PT J AU ALEXANDER, JP CHAPMAN, LE PALLANSCH, MA STEPHENSON, WT TOROK, TJ ANDERSON, LJ AF ALEXANDER, JP CHAPMAN, LE PALLANSCH, MA STEPHENSON, WT TOROK, TJ ANDERSON, LJ TI COXSACKIEVIRUS-B2 INFECTION AND ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS - A FOCAL OUTBREAK AMONG MEMBERS OF A HIGH-SCHOOL FOOTBALL TEAM SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; PLAYERS; VIRUS AB In an investigation of a school outbreak of enterovirus-like illness and aseptic meningitis, an IgM antibody assay was used to identify persons with evidence of recent coxsackie virus B2 infection. During September and October 1989, 81 (25%) of 319 students and staff reported an enterovirus-like illness; of these, 17 (21%) also had aseptic meningitis. Attack rates for enterovirus-like illness were highest among varsity football team members (53%), and most of this illness occurred between 6 and 15 October. Coxsackie virus B2 was isolated from 2 varsity football players. IgM antibody studies confirmed that coxsackie virus B2 was the cause of the outbreak in the varsity football team and suggested it was not responsible for much of the disease in other students and staff: 63% of football team members were seropositive compared with 12% for other students in grades 6-12. This report illustrates the value of an IgM antibody assay in the investigation of enterovirus outbreaks to distinguish infection from illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP ALEXANDER, JP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-17,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1205 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900033 PM 8387565 ER PT J AU CEESAY, SJ ALLEN, SJ MENON, A TODD, JE CHAM, K CARLONE, GM TURNER, SH GHEESLING, LL DEWITT, W PLIKAYTIS, BD GREENWOOD, B AF CEESAY, SJ ALLEN, SJ MENON, A TODD, JE CHAM, K CARLONE, GM TURNER, SH GHEESLING, LL DEWITT, W PLIKAYTIS, BD GREENWOOD, B TI DECLINE IN MENINGOCOCCAL ANTIBODY-LEVELS IN AFRICAN CHILDREN 5 YEARS AFTER VACCINATION AND THE LACK OF AN EFFECT OF BOOSTER IMMUNIZATION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GROUP-A; EPIDEMIC; VACCINES; MALARIA; INFANTS; GAMBIA AB Antibodies to group A meningococcal polysaccharide were measured by hemagglutination (HA) and by ELISA in sera obtained from Gambian children before vaccination and 3 weeks, 2 years, and 5 years after vaccination with a group A + group C meningococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. Children were 1-4 years old at the time of vaccination. Most showed a good initial response to vaccination, including those aged 1-2 years. However, antibody titers declined progressively during follow-up, and 5 years after vaccination, antibody titers measured by both HA and ELISA had returned to prevaccination levels. This decline was not influenced significantly by a booster dose of vaccine given 2 years after initial immunization. Administration of malaria chemoprophylaxis reduced the rate at which antibody levels fell after initial immunization. Sustained protection of children against group A meningococcal disease will require the development of vaccines that are immunogenic in infants and that can induce T cell memory. C1 MRC LABS,POB 273,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. MINIST HLTH,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1212 EP 1216 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900036 PM 8486957 ER PT J AU BIRKHEAD, GS MORSE, DL LEVINE, WC FUDALA, JK KONDRACKI, SF CHANG, HG SHAYEGANI, M NOVICK, L BLAKE, PA AF BIRKHEAD, GS MORSE, DL LEVINE, WC FUDALA, JK KONDRACKI, SF CHANG, HG SHAYEGANI, M NOVICK, L BLAKE, PA TI TYPHOID-FEVER AT A RESORT HOTEL IN NEW-YORK - A LARGE OUTBREAK WITH AN UNUSUAL VEHICLE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SALMONELLA-TYPHI; ECONOMIC COSTS; ASSAY AB The largest outbreak of typhoid fever in the United States since, 1981 occurred in 1989 among guests and staff at a New York hotel. There were 43 culture-confirmed and 24 probable cases among guests, 1 culture-confirmed case and 1 asymptomatic culture-positive case among hotel employees, and 1 culture-confirmed secondary case. Twenty-one persons were hospitalized and 2 had bowel perforation. Breakfast on 13 June was the only meal consumed by all ill persons (relative risk, infinite; P = .004). In a case-control study, case-patients were more likely than controls to have consumed orange juice (odds ratio, 5.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-54.7), which had been prepared in a 208-L container with ample opportunity for hand contact. No other food was associated with illness. S. typhi was isolated from the stool of an asymptomatic food worker who handled orange juice but who was not known to be a typhoid carrier. S. typhi is a foodborne pathogen with continuing potential to cause large outbreaks in the United States. C1 NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNITY SANITAT & FOOD PROTECT,ALBANY,NY 12237. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,WADSWORTH CTR LABS & RES,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ALBANY,NY 12237. SUNY ALBANY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ALBANY,NY 12222. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BIRKHEAD, GS (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,ROOM 651,CORNING TOWER BLDG,ALBANY,NY 12237, USA. NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1228 EP 1232 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900040 PM 8486960 ER PT J AU FARLEY, TA WILSON, SA MAHONEY, F KELSO, KY JOHNSON, DR KAPLAN, EL AF FARLEY, TA WILSON, SA MAHONEY, F KELSO, KY JOHNSON, DR KAPLAN, EL TI DIRECT INOCULATION OF FOOD AS THE CAUSE OF AN OUTBREAK OF GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB An investigation was conducted of a food-related outbreak of group A streptococcal pharyngitis following an elementary school banquet. Of 166 surveyed banquet attendees, 71 (43%) reported outbreak-associated pharyngitis, and 21 (88%) of 24 tested attendees had evidence of group A streptococcus (GAS) in the throat. Attendees who ate macaroni and cheese were three times more likely to develop pharyngitis than those who did not (66/132 [50%] vs. 5/30 [17%], P = .002). None of the food handlers had GAS recovered by throat culture. However, the cook who prepared the macaroni and cheese had a hand wound; a wound culture grew GAS with the same T agglutination pattern and M- and/or opacity factor type as that of all available GAS strains from ill attendees. Under laboratory conditions, macaroni and cheese supported rapid growth of the outbreak-associated strain of GAS. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented foodborne outbreak of GAS pharyngitis in which the only apparent source of contamination was a food handler's skin lesion. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR REFERENCE & RES STREPTOCOCCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT PEDIAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP FARLEY, TA (reprint author), LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,EPIDEMIOL SECT,POB 60630,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70160, USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1232 EP 1235 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900041 PM 8486961 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, CM JARVIS, WR AF BECKSAGUE, CM JARVIS, WR TI SECULAR TRENDS IN THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1980-1990 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; PARENTERAL-NUTRITION AB To identify pathogens causing nosocomial fungal infections and the secular trend in their incidence in US hospitals, data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, 1980-1990, were analyzed. During that period, 30,477 fungal infections were reported. The rate rose from 2.0 to 3.8 infections/1000 discharges. The highest number of nosocomial fungal infections/1000 discharges was reported from the burn/trauma service (16.1). Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated fungal pathogen (59.7%), followed by other Candida species (18.6%). The rate increased at all four major anatomic sites of infection. Patients with bloodstream infections who had a central intravascular catheter were more likely to have a fungal pathogen isolated than were other patients with bloodstream infection (relative risk = 3.2; P < .001): 29% of fungemia patients and 17% of patients with bloodstream infection due to other pathogens died during hospitalization (P < .001). Fungi are emerging as important nosocomial pathogens and control efforts should target fungal infections, especially fungemia. RP BECKSAGUE, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MS A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 823 Z9 862 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1247 EP 1251 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900045 PM 8486965 ER PT J AU LENGERICH, EJ ADDISS, DG MARX, JJ UNGAR, BLP JURANEK, DD AF LENGERICH, EJ ADDISS, DG MARX, JJ UNGAR, BLP JURANEK, DD TI INCREASED EXPOSURE TO CRYPTOSPORIDIA AMONG DAIRY FARMERS IN WISCONSIN SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID INFECTION; CALVES; POPULATION; ANTIBODIES; COMMUNITY; OUTBREAK AB Cryptosporidium infection is an important cause of diarrhea in humans and livestock; no effective therapy is known. A self-administered questionnaire and an ELISA were used to assess the risk of exposure to cryptosporidia among 70 dairy farmers and 50 who were not dairy farmers in Wisconsin. Dairy farmers (44.3%) were more likely to be seropositive for cryptosporidia than were other persons (24.0%; relative risk = 1.9). Among dairy farmers, age greater-than-or-equal-to 50 and use of a canister method of milking were associated with seropositive status. Among persons who were not dairy farmers, feeding or milking cows was associated with being seropositive. These findings suggest that dairy farmers and other persons who have contact with cattle are at greater risk of Cryptosporidium infection than are persons who do not have such contact. Identification and avoidance of farming practices associated with Cryptosporidium infection may reduce the risk of infection among dairy farmers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MARSHFIELD MED RES FDN,MARSHFIELD,WI. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,BETHESDA,MD 20814. OI Lengerich, Eugene/0000-0001-9872-1647 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-37121] NR 15 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1252 EP 1255 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900046 PM 8486966 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A DEAVER, K HAYES, PS GRAVES, L MASCOLA, L WENGER, JD AF SCHUCHAT, A DEAVER, K HAYES, PS GRAVES, L MASCOLA, L WENGER, JD TI GASTROINTESTINAL CARRIAGE OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES IN HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF PATIENTS WITH LISTERIOSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-88-2456] NR 9 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 167 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1262 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KZ499 UT WOS:A1993KZ49900052 PM 8486970 ER PT J AU ROBERTSON, BH JIA, XY TIAN, HW MARGOLIS, HS SUMMERS, DF EHRENFELD, E AF ROBERTSON, BH JIA, XY TIAN, HW MARGOLIS, HS SUMMERS, DF EHRENFELD, E TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSE TO NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF HEPATITIS-A VIRUS FOLLOWING INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAV; IMMUNE PRECIPITATION ASSAY; ANTI-P2, VACCINE ID RNA-POLYMERASE; CELL-CULTURE; VACCINE; CLASSIFICATION; LIVE AB The nonstructural proteins of hepatitis A virus (HAV), produced during active virus replication, are alternative antigens that could be used to differentiate disease from inactivated vaccine-induced antibodies. An assay based on immune precipitation of proteins translated from transcripts of the P2 region of viral cDNA was used to evaluate the development of antibodies after natural infection or vaccination. Antibodies against P2 proteins were found in all sera from clinical cases of hepatitis A following the acute phase. Chimpanzees vaccinated with inactivated or cell-adapted HAV had no detectable antibodies against P2 products, either before or after wild type virus challenge. A serosurvey of sera positive for total anti-HAV (HAVAB, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago) suggested that some individuals had no detectable antibodies to the P2 antigen by immune precipitation. These results were attributed to the lower sensitivity of the immunoprecipitation assay, since antibodies to capsid proteins, as measured by immunoprecipitation, were also not detected in most of these sera. C1 UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT CELLULAR VIRAL & MOLEC BIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. UNIV UTAH,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112. RP ROBERTSON, BH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RIKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26350] NR 28 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 40 IS 1 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890400115 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA KZ695 UT WOS:A1993KZ69500014 PM 8390561 ER PT J AU VOGT, MT MCKENNA, M ANDERSON, SJ WOLFSON, SK KULLER, LH AF VOGT, MT MCKENNA, M ANDERSON, SJ WOLFSON, SK KULLER, LH TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANKLE-ARM INDEX AND MORTALITY IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; MORBIDITY; DIAGNOSIS; FATE; LEG AB Objective: To determine whether the ankle-arm blood pressure index is a useful predictor of mortality in a large group of patients aged 50 or older. Design: Cohort study over a 13-year period. Setting: Peripheral vascular laboratory in a hospital affiliated with an academic health center. Participants: 1,027 male and 903 female patients referred for arterial evaluation. Outcome Measures: All-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results: A decrease in ankle-arm index was a strong independent predictor of all-cause mortality [relative risk (RR) for men = 1.8(95% CI 1.5, 1.9); for women = 1.5, (1.2, 2.0)] and atherosclerotic heart disease mortality [RR for men = 2.0 (1.4, 2.9); for women = 2.1 (1.4, 3.1)]. The risk of mortality was inversely proportional to the ankle-arm index. No relationship was found between the index and mortality due to stroke or cancer. Conclusions: These results suggest that a decreased ankle-arm index has important prognostic significance for mortality due to atherosclerotic heart disease in older men and women. Measurement of this index may be useful in identifying those at high risk who may benefit from aggressive therapeutic intervention. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. UNIV PITTSBURGH,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261. RP VOGT, MT (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. OI Anderson, Stewart/0000-0001-8948-0650 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [5T32HL07011] NR 43 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 41 IS 5 BP 523 EP 530 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA LA893 UT WOS:A1993LA89300009 PM 8486886 ER PT J AU KREBS, JW AF KREBS, JW TI COMMENTS ON RABIES AND VAGINAL PROLAPSE - RESPONSE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP KREBS, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 9 BP 1346 EP 1346 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KZ716 UT WOS:A1993KZ71600004 ER PT J AU CASTRO, K WARD, J SLUTSKER BUEHLER, J JAFFE, H BERKELMAN, R CURRAN, J AF CASTRO, K WARD, J SLUTSKER BUEHLER, J JAFFE, H BERKELMAN, R CURRAN, J TI 1993 REVISED CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM FOR HIV-INFECTION AND EXPANDED SURVEILLANCE CASE DEFINITION FOR AIDS AMONG ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has revised the classification system for HIV infection to emphasize the clinical importance of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in the categorization of HIV-related clinical conditions. This classification system replaces the system published by CDC in 1986(1) and is primarily intended for use in public health practice. Consistent with the 1993 revised classification system, CDC has also expanded the AIDS surveillance case definition to include all HIV-infected persons who have <200 CD4+ T lymphocytes/muL, or a CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentage of total lymphocytes of <14. This expansion includes the addition of three clinical conditions-pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer- and retains the 23 clinical conditions in the AIDS surveillance case definition published in 1987(2); it is to be used by all states for AIDS case reporting effective January 1, 1993. RP CASTRO, K (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 24 IS 5 BP 286 EP 294 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA KY442 UT WOS:A1993KY44200008 ER PT J AU DIPIETRO, L CASPERSEN, CJ OSTFELD, AM NADEL, ER AF DIPIETRO, L CASPERSEN, CJ OSTFELD, AM NADEL, ER TI A SURVEY FOR ASSESSING PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE ELDERLY; EXERCISE; VALIDITY ID BONE LOSS; EXERCISE; FITNESS; QUESTIONNAIRE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; OBJECTIVES; CANCER AB In 1988, the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) was designed and then administered to healthy older populations of volunteers (aged 60-86) to establish its 2-wk repeatability and relative validity. Among the 76 volunteers in the repeatability substudy, correlation coefficients between the two administrations of the survey for the eight YPAS summary indices ranged from 0.42 (P = 0.0002) to 0.65 (P = 0.0001). Among the 25 subjects in the validation substudy, weekly energy expenditure (r = -0.47; P = 0.01) and daily hours spent sitting (r = 0.53; P = 0.01) correlated with resting diastolic blood pressure, while the YPAS activity dimensions summary index (composed of questions on vigorous activity, leisurely walking, moving, sitting, and standing) correlated positively with estimated VO2max (r = 0.58; P = 0.004) and inversely with percent body fat (r = -0.43; P = 0.03). The YPAS index of vigorous activity also correlated positively with estimated VO2max (r = 0.60; P = 0.003) and the moving index correlated marginally with body mass index (r = -0.37; P = 0.06). We conclude that the YPAS demonstrates adequate repeatability, and some validity by correlating with several physiologic variables reflecting habitual physical activity. The value of the YPAS, however, in accurately assessing low intensity activity remains to be established. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP DIPIETRO, L (reprint author), JOHN B PIERCE LAB INC,290 CONGRESS AVE,NEW HAVEN,CT 06519, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-09872] NR 31 TC 418 Z9 423 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 25 IS 5 BP 628 EP 642 PG 15 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA LA333 UT WOS:A1993LA33300015 PM 8492692 ER PT J AU LAL, AA GOLDMAN, IF COLLINS, WE KUMAR, N AF LAL, AA GOLDMAN, IF COLLINS, WE KUMAR, N TI SEQUENCE OF A 27-KILODALTON GAMETE ANTIGEN OF PLASMODIUM-REICHENOWI AND COMPARISON WITH PFG27 OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note DE PLASMODIUM-REICHENOWI; GAMETE ANTIGEN; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM PFG27; SEQUENCE ID STAGE C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT IMMUNOL & INFECT DIS,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP LAL, AA (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [1-Y02-00006-01] NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 59 IS 1 BP 175 EP 176 DI 10.1016/0166-6851(93)90019-T PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA LA611 UT WOS:A1993LA61100018 PM 8515780 ER PT J AU COATES, ARM SHINNICK, TM ELLIS, RJ AF COATES, ARM SHINNICK, TM ELLIS, RJ TI CHAPERONIN NOMENCLATURE SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEIN; BACTERIAL; ANTIGEN; GENES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT HEALTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WARWICK,DEPT BIOL SCI,COVENTRY CV4 7AL,W MIDLANDS,ENGLAND. RP COATES, ARM (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CRANMER TERRACE,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 8 IS 4 BP 787 EP 787 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01624.x PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA LD099 UT WOS:A1993LD09900018 PM 8101352 ER PT J AU BOSSE, D GEORGE, V CANDAL, FJ LAWLEY, TJ ADES, EW AF BOSSE, D GEORGE, V CANDAL, FJ LAWLEY, TJ ADES, EW TI ANTIGEN PRESENTATION BY A CONTINUOUS HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE, HMEC-1, TO HUMAN T-CELLS SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENDOTHELIUM; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION ID PRESENTING CELLS AB Endothelial cells line the vessels and lymphatics of the body, acting as a barrier between the blood and extravascular tissue. These cells are, therefore, in a prime position to play a role in lymphocyte activation. Indeed, it has been shown that primary endothelial cells in culture are capable of presenting particulate and soluble antigens to T cells and that this response is not dependent on macrophages. Recently, we developed an immortalized line of human microvascular endothelial cells, CDC/EU.HMEC- 1 (HMEC- 1). This endothelial line has the advantage not only of being devoid of contaminating cells but also of being a continuous cell line and therefore not subject to a restricted number of useful passages. The focus of this study was to determine whether HMEC-I cells (like primary endothelial cells) could present antigen to T cells in the absence of macrophages. We demonstrate that a cloned and purified endothelial cell line can independently provide all the necessary signals for antigen-specific T-cell activation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DENT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD MAY-AUG PY 1993 VL 61 IS 3-4 BP 236 EP 238 DI 10.1159/000163800 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA LZ085 UT WOS:A1993LZ08500017 PM 8216847 ER PT J AU SIMON, PA CHEN, RT ELIOTT, JA SCHWARTZ, B AF SIMON, PA CHEN, RT ELIOTT, JA SCHWARTZ, B TI OUTBREAK OF PYOGENIC ABSCESSES AFTER DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS AND PERTUSSIS VACCINATION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE OUTBREAK; ABSCESS; VACCINATION AB Nine children who received diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine from the same vial at a clinic in Colorado developed pyogenic abscesses at the site of injection. Eight abscesses required surgical drainage and five children were hospitalized. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) was cultured from eight wounds and Staphylococcus aureus was also isolated from four. Epidemiologic investigation revealed that within the hour of the first child's vaccination, three children had been diagnosed in the clinic with GAS pharyngitis. GAS recovered from repeat throat swabs from two of these children and the eight case-isolates were all serotype M-12, T-12 and had identical immunoblot patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Laboratory simulation studies demonstrated that GAS can survive for at least 4 days on the external surface of a vaccine vial rubber stopper and contaminate needles inserted through the stopper. Swabbing the stopper with 70% isopropyl alcohol resulted in effective disinfection. To prevent potential contamination meticulous attention to sterile technique is important when withdrawing vaccine from multidose vaccine vials. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 368 EP 371 DI 10.1097/00006454-199305000-00003 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LC782 UT WOS:A1993LC78200003 PM 8327295 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN AF SHAPIRO, CN TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS-B SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON HEPATITIS B TODAY : NEW GUIDELINES FOR THE PEDIATRICIAN, AT THE 1992 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS CY OCT 15, 1992 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER ACAD PEDIAT DE HEPATITIS-B; ACUTE DISEASE; CHRONIC DISEASE; INCIDENCE; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; VACCINE ID VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; DAY-CARE; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; ANTIGEN AB An estimated 200 000 to 300 000 hepatitis B virus infections occur annually in the United States. With acute infection, symptoms develop in fewer than 5% of infants, 5 to 15% of children between the ages of 1 and 5 years and 33 to 50% of older children and adults. However, the risk of chronic infection after acute infection is inversely proportional to age. The risk of chronic infection is highest for infants who acquire infection during the perinatal period (70 to 90%), lower for children younger than 5 years (20 to 50%) and lowest for older children and adults (5 to 10%). Therefore although only approximately 8% of acute infections in the United States occur in children younger than 10 years, these infections account for 20 to 30% of all chronic infections. Children usually acquire infection from infected mothers at the time of birth or from infected household contacts. The risk of hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day-care centers and schools is very low. Among adults and adolescents sexual activity and injecting drug use are the most common risks for acquisition of infection, yet at least 30% of reported hepatitis B among adults cannot be associated with an identifiable risk factor. Because chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with long term consequences of cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention of chronic infection is the most important reason for vaccination against hepatitis B. Routine infant immunization is the most feasible, cost-effective means to control hepatitis B virus transmission. RP SHAPIRO, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP G-37,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 12 IS 5 BP 433 EP 437 DI 10.1097/00006454-199305000-00036 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA LC782 UT WOS:A1993LC78200025 PM 8392167 ER PT J AU CHORBA, TL KLEIN, TM AF CHORBA, TL KLEIN, TM TI INCREASES IN CRASH INVOLVEMENT AND FATALITIES AMONG MOTOR-VEHICLE OCCUPANTS YOUNGER THAN 5 YEARS OLD SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE MOTOR VEHICLE; CRASH; EXPOSURE; FATALITY ID CHILD RESTRAINT LAWS; SEAT; INJURIES AB Objective. To determine whether increased exposure as car occupants could be a major contributor to increases observed in deaths of young children in car crashes. Design and setting. Crash data from police reports for Maryland, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Washington for various years from 1982 through 1990 were examined to compare annual age mix of injured and uninjured occupants in crashes involving at least two passenger vehicles. Aggregate national data from the Fatal Accident Reporting System were also examined over the same time period and compared to population estimates for children younger than 5 years old to assess temporal trends in number of occupants in this age group who were involved in motor vehicle crashes in which a fatality occurred in fatal crashes and the number of them killed in passenger vehicles. Results. In regression analyses for each state, the number of car occupants younger than 5 involved in crashes increased during the years studied; their percentage among nondriver occupants involved also increased. At a national level, similar analyses showed increases in the number of occupants younger than 5 involved in crashes in which a fatality occurred. Conclusions. Despite overall increases in the use of restraint devices (ie, both child safety seats and adult restraints), fatalities among restrained children have increased. Given that exposures to crash environments are increasing, clinicians need be aware of the importance of child restraints as a means of reducing the likelihood of injury. C1 NATL HIGHWAY TRAFF SAFETY ADM,NATL CTR STAT & ANAL,WASHINGTON,DC. RP CHORBA, TL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 897 EP 901 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KZ792 UT WOS:A1993KZ79200007 PM 8474809 ER PT J AU SCHYDLOWER, M FULLER, PG HEYMAN, RB JACOBS, EA PRUITT, AW SUTTON, JM TENENBEIN, M BAILEY, GW BOYD, GM CZECHOWICZ, D STACKPOLE, JW CRAIN, LS JONES, KL SEASHORE, MR PERRIN, J ERENBERG, G KAMINER, RK LACAMERA, R NACKASHI, JA PONCHER, JR RANDALL, V WACHTEL, RC ZIRING, PR GARNER, C HAYS, R HOLLOWELL, JG GEWANTER, H AF SCHYDLOWER, M FULLER, PG HEYMAN, RB JACOBS, EA PRUITT, AW SUTTON, JM TENENBEIN, M BAILEY, GW BOYD, GM CZECHOWICZ, D STACKPOLE, JW CRAIN, LS JONES, KL SEASHORE, MR PERRIN, J ERENBERG, G KAMINER, RK LACAMERA, R NACKASHI, JA PONCHER, JR RANDALL, V WACHTEL, RC ZIRING, PR GARNER, C HAYS, R HOLLOWELL, JG GEWANTER, H TI FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME AND FETAL ALCOHOL EFFECTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 NIAAA,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. NIDA,LEXINGTON,KY 40583. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1006 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KZ792 UT WOS:A1993KZ79200029 ER PT J AU HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G AF HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G TI VITAMIN-A TREATMENT OF MEASLES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID TRIAL; MORTALITY; CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. AMER THORAC SOC,NEW YORK,NY. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Steele, Russell/A-6075-2011 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1993 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1014 EP 1015 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KZ792 UT WOS:A1993KZ79200032 ER PT J AU HAKES, DJ MARTELL, KJ ZHAO, WG MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ DIXON, JE AF HAKES, DJ MARTELL, KJ ZHAO, WG MASSUNG, RF ESPOSITO, JJ DIXON, JE TI A PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE RELATED TO THE VACCINIA VIRUS VH1 IS ENCODED IN THE GENOMES OF SEVERAL ORTHOPOXVIRUSES AND A BACULOVIRUS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE PHOSPHORYLATION; TYROSINE; SERINE; RACCOONPOX VIRUS ID TYROSINE-PHOSPHATASES; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT; SEQUENCE; FAMILY; CDC25 AB The vaccinia virus VH1 gene product is a dual specificity protein phosphatase with activity against both phosphoserine- and phosphotyrosine-containing substrates. We investigated the potential presence of VH1 analogs in other viruses. Hybridization and sequence data indicated that a phosphatase related to the VH1 phosphatase is highly conserved in the genomes of smallpox variola virus and other orthopoxviruses. The open reading frames from the raccoon-pox virus and the smallpox variola virus Bangladesh major strain genomes encoding the VH1 analogs were sequenced and found to be highly conserved with the vaccinia virus VH1. An open reading frame from the baculovirus Autographa californica has sequence similarity to the VH1 phosphatase. The viral proteins appear to be structurally related to the cell cycle control protein p80cdc25. A recombinant phosphatase expressed from the baculovirus gene was found to share with the VH1 phosphatase the ability to hydrolyze substrates that contained both phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT BIOL CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,WALTHER CANC INST,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,POXVIRUS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [18024] NR 28 TC 42 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 9 BP 4017 EP 4021 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.9.4017 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA LA430 UT WOS:A1993LA43000051 PM 8387208 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO JONES, TS WEST, GR CAMPBELL, CH THOMPSON, PI AF VALDISERRI, RO JONES, TS WEST, GR CAMPBELL, CH THOMPSON, PI TI WHERE INJECTING DRUG-USERS RECEIVE HIV COUNSELING AND TESTING SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RISK BEHAVIORS AB In 1990, nearly 1.5 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests were performed at publicly funded sites. Eight percent of those tests were performed for self-identified illegal injecting drug users (IDU). The authors examined data from 28 project areas using a client record data base that permitted an analysis of self-reported risk behavior by type of service delivery site. Among self-identified IDUs, 68 percent of those tested and 82 percent of those found to be seropositive had obtained HIV counseling and testing services in settings other than drug treatment centers. The findings indicate that HIV-prevention programs for IDUs need to be available in various service delivery settings, not just in drug treatment programs. Strong links and cooperation between sites offering HIV counseling and testing and sites providing drug treatment programs are important to preventing HIV transmission to and from IDUs. C1 US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 108 IS 3 BP 294 EP 298 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF949 UT WOS:A1993LF94900005 PM 8497566 ER PT J AU HUTTON, MD CAUTHEN, GM BLOCH, AB AF HUTTON, MD CAUTHEN, GM BLOCH, AB TI RESULTS OF A 29-STATE SURVEY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN NURSING-HOMES AND CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PERSONS; INFECTION; PRISON; RISK; AGE AB A survey of the 15,379 cases of tuberculosis reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by 29 State health departments in 1984 and 1985 revealed that 7.7 percent of the victims older than age 64 were living in a nursing home at the time of diagnosis and 1.8 percent between the ages of 15 and 64 were living in a correctional institution at the time of diagnosis. Incidence rates of tuberculosis for residents of nursing homes and for inmates of Federal and State prisons and local jails were estimated using denominators derived from institutional population counts provided by the National Center for Health Statistics and by the Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, and Bureau of Prisons. The aggregate tuberculosis incidence rate for nursing home residents in the 29 States was 1.8 times higher than the rate seen in elderly persons who were living in the community (95 percent confidence interval on the relative risk 1.64, 2.02). The aggregate tuberculosis incidence rate for inmates in correctional facilities was 3.9 times higher than the rate for persons of a similar age who were not incarcerated (95 percent confidence interval on the relative risk 3.35,4.49). Strengths and limitations of the design and implications of the first survey of tuberculosis incidence, in a large number of States, among residents of nursing homes and correctional facilities are discussed. RP HUTTON, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 108 IS 3 BP 305 EP 313 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF949 UT WOS:A1993LF94900007 PM 8497568 ER PT J AU BIRKHEAD, GS GALVIN, VG MEEHAN, PJ OCARROLL, PW MERCY, JA AF BIRKHEAD, GS GALVIN, VG MEEHAN, PJ OCARROLL, PW MERCY, JA TI THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT IN SURVEILLANCE OF ATTEMPTED-SUICIDE - FINDINGS AND METHODOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DISEASES AB The authors conducted one of the first active, population-based public health surveillance systems for detecting suicide attempts in the United States. Surveillance was conducted in all four hospital emergency departments serving a county suburban to Atlanta, GA, with a population of 426,000. Emergency department staff gathered information from all patients who presented with an intentionally self-inflicted injury (suicide attempt) or with thoughts about self-injury (suicidal ideation). During an 18-month period in 1988 and 1989, 798 suicide attempt-related patients were reported, for a rate of 124.7 per 100,000 county residents per year. Females had a higher attempted suicide rate than males, but males had a higher completed suicide rate. Ingestion of drugs or poison was the most common method of attempted suicide (71.1 percent), and use of firearms was the most common method of completed suicide (69.8 percent). In comparing reported cases with those found by reviewing emergency department log books, the authors found that the case reports were 58 percent complete and that surveillance reporting was highly representative of all cases requiring emergency transport. The authors conclude that emergency department-based surveillance for attempted suicide is feasible. It can provide representative data that may be used to monitor trends in attempted suicide and to define high-risk groups. Such surveillance may also allow timely detection of suicide attempt clusters, facilitating prompt intervention. C1 NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV, DIV PUBL HLTH SERV, CONCORD, NH USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, OFF INFORMAT RESOURCES, PUBL HLTH INFORMAT SYST BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD USA. RP BIRKHEAD, GS (reprint author), NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH, GEN COMMUNICABLE DIS PROGRAMS, ROOM 651, CORNING TOWER, ESP, ALBANY, NY 12237 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 108 IS 3 BP 323 EP 331 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF949 UT WOS:A1993LF94900009 PM 8497570 ER PT J AU MOLBERG, PJ HOPKINS, RS PAULSON, J GUNN, RA AF MOLBERG, PJ HOPKINS, RS PAULSON, J GUNN, RA TI FATAL INCIDENT RISK-FACTORS IN RECREATIONAL BOATING IN OHIO SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DROWNINGS AB To identify risk factors predicting the involvement of boat operators in incidents resulting in at least one fatality, the authors obtained data from a mail survey of registered boat owners in the State of Ohio and from the Boating Accident Report (BAR) files for 1983-86 compiled by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Additionally, they reviewed Ohio death certificates for those years to identify cases missed by the BAR system. Forty percent of the fatal incidents would have been missed by a search of death certificates alone. During the period studied, 107 boating incidents resulted in 124 deaths. There were 0.9 fatal incidents per million boat-operator hours. Factors found to be associated with an increased risk of a fatal boating incident were the operator being younger than 30 years, having fewer than 20 hours of boat operating experience, and lacking formal boat safety training. Canoes, kayaks, rowboats, and inflatables were associated with a higher rate of fatal incidents per million hours of use than were motorboats. Young age and lack of experience were associated independently with increased risk, explaining some of the effects associated with types of boats and with lack of training. The findings suggest that supervised experience, safety training programs aimed at young operators, and interventions specific to certain types of boats are likely to reduce boating fatalities. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,BETHESDA,MD. OHIO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & TOXICOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 108 IS 3 BP 340 EP 346 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF949 UT WOS:A1993LF94900011 PM 8497572 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL YEE, J PALKER, T COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL YEE, J PALKER, T COLIGAN, JE LAL, RB TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSES TO THE ENV EPITOPES OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I IN RHESUS MACAQUES NATURALLY INFECTED WITH SIMIAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I SO RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HTLV; STLV; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; EPITOPE; IMMUNODOMINANCE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; SENSITIVITY ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; LINEAR EPITOPES; HTLV-I; SEQUENCE; GP46; GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTEINS; GP21 AB Synthetic peptides derived from the env protein of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) were used to identify the immunodominant motifs in rhesus macaques naturally infected with simian T-lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I). Of the 13 peptides derived from the env protein of HTLV-I, Env-1(191-214) and Env-5(242-257) reacted with 81 % (44/54) and 54 % (29/54) of specimens from infected monkeys, respectively. A recombinant protein (MTA-I162-209) reacted with 53 of 54 (98 %) STLV-1-infected serum specimens. While similar immune reactivities to Env-1 and MTA-1 were observed in both HTLV-I-infected human sera and STLV-I-infected monkey sera, the reactivity to Env-5 was significantly higher in HTLV-I-infected human sera. Differential reactivities may be attributed to the differences in the secondary structures of the STLV-I and HTLV-I envelope protein in the Env-5 region, since homologous peptide with STLV-I sequence did not result in enhanced sensitivity of anti-Env-5 antibody detection. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,SIMIAN RETROVIRUS REF LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP RUDOLPH, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2516 J9 RES VIROLOGY JI Res. Virol. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 144 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0923-2516(06)80029-4 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA LL323 UT WOS:A1993LL32300002 PM 8395074 ER PT J AU CATES, W AF CATES, W TI SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND FAMILY-PLANNING - STRANGE OR NATURAL BEDFELLOWS, REVISITED SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; CLINICS; RISK; GONORRHEA; INFECTION; SERVICES; AIDS RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 20 IS 3 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.1097/00007435-199305000-00011 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA LD199 UT WOS:A1993LD19900011 PM 8511713 ER PT J AU BACCHETTI, P SEGAL, MR JEWELL, NP BROOKMEYER, R CARLIN, JB GELMAN, A GAIL, MH ROSENBERG, PS DEGRUTTOLA, V PAGANO, M KARON, JM SATTEN, GA SOLOMON, PJ WILSON, SR AF BACCHETTI, P SEGAL, MR JEWELL, NP BROOKMEYER, R CARLIN, JB GELMAN, A GAIL, MH ROSENBERG, PS DEGRUTTOLA, V PAGANO, M KARON, JM SATTEN, GA SOLOMON, PJ WILSON, SR TI BACKCALCULATION OF HIV-INFECTION RATES - COMMENT AND REJOINDER SO STATISTICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS; PROPHYLAXIS; ZIDOVUDINE; TRIAL C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT STAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT BIOSTAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT STAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ROYAL CHILDRENS HOSP,CLIN EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT UNIT,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. NCI,EPIDEMIOL METHODS SECT,ROCKVILLE,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS E48,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ADELAIDE,DEPT STAT,ADELAIDE,SA 5001,AUSTRALIA. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CTR MATH & ITS APPLICAT,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. RI Carlin, John/B-3492-2012 OI Carlin, John/0000-0002-2694-9463 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU INST MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS PI HAYWARD PA IMS BUSINESS OFFICE-SUITE 6 3401 INVESTMENT BLVD, HAYWARD, CA 94545 SN 0883-4237 J9 STAT SCI JI Stat. Sci. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 102 EP 119 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA ME643 UT WOS:A1993ME64300002 ER PT J AU WEY, HE PYRON, L WOOLERY, M AF WEY, HE PYRON, L WOOLERY, M TI ESSENTIAL FATTY-ACID DEFICIENCY IN CULTURED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES ATTENUATES TOXICITY DUE TO LIPID-PEROXIDATION SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN EPIDERMAL-KERATINOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; HYDROPEROXIDE; MECHANISMS; DIFFERENTIATION; HEPATOCYTES; PROFILES; INJURY C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 120 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1006/taap.1993.1088 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA LC603 UT WOS:A1993LC60300010 PM 8511784 ER PT J AU THEA, DM GLASS, R GROHMANN, GS PERRIENS, J NGOY, B KAPITA, B ATIDO, U MABALUKU, M KEUSCH, GT AF THEA, DM GLASS, R GROHMANN, GS PERRIENS, J NGOY, B KAPITA, B ATIDO, U MABALUKU, M KEUSCH, GT TI PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC VIRUSES AMONG HOSPITAL PATIENTS WITH AIDS IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; GASTROENTERITIS; THERAPY AB Diarrhoea is the most common manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa. Numerous parasitic or bacterial agents have been implicated, but a pathogen-specific aetiology has not been found. Enteric viruses (i.e., rotavirus, small round structured viruses, coronavirus, and adenovirus) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or electron microscopy in faecal specimens of 17% of 198 consecutive adult admissions to a general medical ward of an urban hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Overall, 57% of patients were seropositive for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1; of these, 50% were classified as World Health Organization AIDS stage IV. The prevalence of enteric viruses in stool specimens did not differ significantly between patients with and without HIV infection, and was not associated with acute or chronic diarrhoea, or constitutional symptoms. However, a trend (P=0.14) towards greater frequency of virus in stools from patients in the lower 3 quintiles of the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio was seen. This trend approached statistical significance (P=0.07) with stratification by HIV infection. Although we found no evidence in this population to support a major pathogenic role for these viruses alone in the enteropathy of AIDS, increased viral shedding was weakly associated with immunodeficiency. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DIV GEOG MED & INFECT DIS,BOX 041,750 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111. INT COOPERAT AIDS RES UNIT,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT MED,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [P01-AI-26698] NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 3 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(93)90119-B PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LL995 UT WOS:A1993LL99500010 PM 8236386 ER PT J AU BJORLAND, J BROWN, D GAMBLE, HR MCAULEY, JB AF BJORLAND, J BROWN, D GAMBLE, HR MCAULEY, JB TI TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION IN PIGS IN THE BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EXCRETORY-SECRETORY ANTIGEN; SWINE TRICHINOSIS; SLAUGHTERHOUSES; DIAGNOSIS AB Trichinella spiralis infection has been reported sporadically in several areas in Central and South America. However, several countries, including Bolivia, have not reported trichinellosis in animals or humans. A small survey of pigs slaughtered in an abattoir in Bolivia was undertaken during September 1991, to determine the presence of Trichinella spiralis. In a group of 100 pigs slaughtered consecutively on a single day and tested using the pooled digestion method, two of eight pools (25%) were positive. Twenty-one of 188 pigs (11.2%) from ten communities slaughtered consecutively on a second day tested positive for the presence of antibodies to Trichinella spiralis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was concluded that trichinellosis is present in pigs in Bolivia and the rate of infection may be quite high. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. DANCHURCHAID,LA PAZ,BOLIVIA. LIDIVET,MISS BRITANICA,SANTA CRUZ,BOLIVIA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAY PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/0304-4017(93)90036-M PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA LC993 UT WOS:A1993LC99300017 PM 8333140 ER PT J AU KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS FIELDS, HA JUE, D STARLING, C FAVOROV, MO KRAWCZYNSKI, K POLISH, L MAST, E MARGOLIS, H AF KHUDYAKOV, YE KHUDYAKOVA, NS FIELDS, HA JUE, D STARLING, C FAVOROV, MO KRAWCZYNSKI, K POLISH, L MAST, E MARGOLIS, H TI EPITOPE MAPPING IN PROTEINS OF HEPATITIS-E VIRUS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; TRANSMITTED NON-A; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; PREDICTION; MEMBRANE; CLONING C1 D I IVANOVSKY VIROL INST,MOSCOW 123098,RUSSIA. RP KHUDYAKOV, YE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIA DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 57 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 194 IS 1 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1238 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA KY344 UT WOS:A1993KY34400011 PM 7683162 ER PT J AU GENTSCH, JR DAS, BK JIANG, BM BHAN, MK GLASS, RI AF GENTSCH, JR DAS, BK JIANG, BM BHAN, MK GLASS, RI TI SIMILARITY OF THE VP4 PROTEIN OF HUMAN ROTAVIRUS STRAIN 116E TO THAT OF THE BOVINE B223 STRAIN SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNIQUE VP4; G-SEROTYPE; 4TH GENE; NEUTRALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITIES C1 ALL INDIA INST MED SCI,NEW DELHI 110016,INDIA. RP GENTSCH, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 92 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1993 VL 194 IS 1 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1006/viro.1993.1280 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA KY344 UT WOS:A1993KY34400053 PM 8386888 ER PT J AU ZARVAN, BS HIBBARD, AJ BECKER, G DAVIS, JP AF ZARVAN, BS HIBBARD, AJ BECKER, G DAVIS, JP TI FALSE-POSITIVE SEROLOGIC TESTS FOR HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AMONG BLOOD-DONORS FOLLOWING INFLUENZA VACCINATION, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 173-175, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SVCS,DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZARVAN, BS (reprint author), AMER RED CROSS,BLOOD SERV,BADGER REG,MADISON,WI, USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 16 BP 2076 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KY366 UT WOS:A1993KY36600009 ER PT J AU KIM, I HUNGERFORD, DW YIP, R KUESTER, SA ZYRKOWSKI, C TROWBRIDGE, FL AF KIM, I HUNGERFORD, DW YIP, R KUESTER, SA ZYRKOWSKI, C TROWBRIDGE, FL TI PUBLICATION OF CDC SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 102-104, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP KIM, I (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 28 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 16 BP 2078 EP 2078 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KY366 UT WOS:A1993KY36600010 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL LICHTVELD, M AF JOHNSON, BL LICHTVELD, M TI SUPERFUND AND PUBLIC-HEALTH POLICIES - AN ATSDR RESPONSE SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter RP JOHNSON, BL (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL INST ENVIRON HEALTH SCI PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR 22 PY 1993 VL 101 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 DI 10.2307/3431560 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LD794 UT WOS:A1993LD79400003 PM 8369055 ER PT J AU JANDA, DH MACKESY, D MAGUIRE, R HAWKINS, RJ FOWLER, P BOYD, J AF JANDA, DH MACKESY, D MAGUIRE, R HAWKINS, RJ FOWLER, P BOYD, J TI SLIDING-ASSOCIATED INJURIES IN COLLEGE AND PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL - 1990-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 223, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SOFTBALL C1 BUCKNELL UNIV,LEWISBURG,PA 17837. STEADMAN HAWKINS CLIN,VAIL,CO. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO,LONDON N6A 3K7,ONTARIO,CANADA. ORTHOPED CONSULTANTS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JANDA, DH (reprint author), INST PREVENT SPORTS MED,ANN ARBOR,MI, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 21 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 15 BP 1925 EP 1925 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KX215 UT WOS:A1993KX21500005 ER PT J AU EDMONDS, BK NIERENBERG, DW AF EDMONDS, BK NIERENBERG, DW TI SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF RETINOL, D-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AND BETA-CAROTENE - EFFECTS OF STORAGE AT - 70-DEGREES-C FOR 5 YEARS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Note ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; VITAMIN-A; FROZEN SERA; CANCER; PLASMA; RISK AB To investigate the effects of prolonged storage of serum samples at -70-degrees-C on concentrations of micronutrients, we measured concentrations of retinol, d-alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene in serum samples drawn in 1986. We compared values we measured in 1991 to values we obtained in 1986, using the same analytical methods. The relative concentrations obtained in 1991 (mean +/- S.D.) were: retinol 99.7 +/- 12.6% (n = 23), d-alpha-tocopherol 100.7 +/- 6.4% (n = 19), and beta-carotene 103.4 +/- 13.7% (n = 28). Using these techniques of sample preparation and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis, we found that the effects of storage of serum at -70-degrees-C for five years appear insignificant in a small population of patients. However, we did identify clinically important changes in concentration (>20% difference) in several individual subjects. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DARTMOUTH MED SCH,DEPT MED,HINMAN BOX 7506,HANOVER,NH 03756. DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DARTMOUTH MED SCH,DEPT PHARMACOL TOXICOL,HANOVER,NH 03756. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,DIV HLTH ASSESSMENT & CONSULTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA37287, CA51479] NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD APR 21 PY 1993 VL 614 IS 1 BP 169 EP 174 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(93)80238-Y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LA598 UT WOS:A1993LA59800022 PM 8496279 ER PT J AU HEBERT, LE SCHERR, PA BECKETT, LA ALBERT, MS ROSNER, B TAYLOR, JO EVANS, DA AF HEBERT, LE SCHERR, PA BECKETT, LA ALBERT, MS ROSNER, B TAYLOR, JO EVANS, DA TI RELATION OF SMOKING AND LOW-TO-MODERATE ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION TO CHANGE IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION - A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY IN A DEFINED COMMUNITY OF OLDER PERSONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALZHEIMERS DISEASE; COGNITION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SMOKING ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MEN; DRINKING AB To determine whether smoking habits and alcohol consumption are related to changes in cognitive function, the authors conducted a prospective, community-based study of persons aged 65 years and over in East Boston, Massachusetts. In 1982 and again in 1985, the subjects were given three brief tests of cognitive function: immediate memory, digit span, and a mental status questionnaire, which primarily assessed orientation. The 1,201 individuals who performed well in 1982 were included in linear regression analyses of 3-year change in performance, adjusted for age, sex, education, and income. Relative to nonsmoking, current smoking, past smoking, and pack-years were not significantly related to change in immediate memory. None was significantly related to change in orientation. Only pack-years was significantly related to normal change score in digit span (normal change score change per unit of predictor = 0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.0003-0.002). Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption during the month preceding baseline testing was not significantly related to a subsequent 3-year change in performance in two of the three tests. However, people who consumed a very small amount of alcohol had a normal change score that was 0.088 (95% confidence interval 0.015-0.160) better for digit span than did nondrinkers. This study provides evidence that the reported levels of smoking and alcohol use among older persons are not consistent or substantial predictors of the longitudinal change in cognitive function observed in a community. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,CHANNING LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP HEBERT, LE (reprint author), RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CTR RES HLTH & AGING,1653 CONGRESS PKWY,CHICAGO,IL 60612, USA. NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 8 BP 881 EP 891 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LC830 UT WOS:A1993LC83000007 ER PT J AU SEAGE, GR MAYER, KH HORSBURGH, CR AF SEAGE, GR MAYER, KH HORSBURGH, CR TI RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION FROM UNPROTECTED RECEPTIVE ANAL INTERCOURSE INCREASES WITH DECLINE IN IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS OF INFECTED PARTNERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIGENS, CD4; ANTIGENS, CD8; CD4-CD8 RATIO; HIV INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUALITY; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HIV INFECTION; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; SAN-FRANCISCO; HTLV-III; T-CELLS; AIDS; ANTIBODIES; DISEASE AB To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection among unprotected receptive anal partners of HIV type 1-infected men varies by the immunologic status of the HIV type 1-infected index case, 187 sexual partners of 164 HIV type 1-infected index subjects were enrolled at a community health center in Boston, Massachusetts, from 1985-1990. All subjects were interviewed regarding their sexual practices and tested for HIV type 1. Fifty-seven of the 187 sexual partners were infected with HIV type 1. The strongest risk factor for HIV type 1 infection among these partners was unprotected receptive anal intercourse with a known HIV type 1-infected index subject (odds ratio (OR) = 7.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-16.3). The risk of unprotected receptive anal intercourse was highest among partners of HIV-infected index subjects who had a T lymphocyte subset ratio of 0.50 or less (OR = 11.4, 95% Cl 3.0-43.5) compared with partners of HIV type 1-infected index subjects with a T cell ratio of greater than 0.50 (OR = 5.3, 95% Cl 1.9-15.2). After adjustment for confounding, the risk of HIV type 1 infection remained substantially higher among sexual partners who had had unprotected receptive anal intercourse with infected index subjects with a T lymphocyte subset ratio of less than or equal to 0.50 (OR = 7.0, 95% Cl 1.8-28.0) compared with partners who had had unprotected receptive anal intercourse with infected index subjects with a T cell ratio of greater than 0.50 (OR = 3.3, 95% Cl 1.1-10.0) It would appear that the risk of HIV type 1 infection from unprotected receptive anal intercourse increases as the immunologic status of the HIV type 1-infected insertive anal partner decreases. C1 BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,INST URBAN HLTH POLICY & RES,BOSTON,MA. FENWAY COMMUNITY HLTH CTR,BOSTON,MA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BOSTON UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,BOSTON,MA 02215. BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. MEM HOSP,PAWTUCKET,RI 02860. RP SEAGE, GR (reprint author), BOSTON DEPT HLTH & HOSP,INST URBAN HLTH POLICY & RES,1010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE,BOSTON,MA 02118, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU100607-06] NR 50 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 8 BP 899 EP 908 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LC830 UT WOS:A1993LC83000009 PM 8484381 ER PT J AU VANGRIENSVEN, GJP HESSOL, NA KOBLIN, BA BYERS, RH OMALLEY, PM ALBRECHTVANLENT, N BUCHBINDER, SP TAYLOR, PE STEVENS, CE COUTINHO, RA AF VANGRIENSVEN, GJP HESSOL, NA KOBLIN, BA BYERS, RH OMALLEY, PM ALBRECHTVANLENT, N BUCHBINDER, SP TAYLOR, PE STEVENS, CE COUTINHO, RA TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION AMONG HOMOSEXUAL MEN PARTICIPATING IN HEPATITIS-B VACCINE TRIALS IN AMSTERDAM, NEW-YORK-CITY, AND SAN-FRANCISCO, 1978-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HIV; HOMOSEXUALITY; SEX BEHAVIOR ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; EFFICACY; COHORT; RISK; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; HEALTH AB Homosexual/bisexual men from Amsterdam, The Netherlands, New York, New York, and San Francisco, California, were entered into trials of the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine shortly before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic was recognized (1978-1980). The authors analyzed data, including serial blood samples tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as well as demographic and behavioral information, to characterize the spread of HIV-1 infection within the cohorts. By the end of 1982, the cumulative incidence of HIV-1 infection was 7.5% in Amsterdam, 26.8% in New York City, and 42.6% in San Francisco. Covariate analysis showed that differences in sexual activity (number of male sexual partners) and correlates of sexual activity (age and hepatitis B incidence) accounted for the differences in incidence of HIV-1 infection between the New York City and San Francisco cohorts. These covariates did not explain the lower incidence in the Amsterdam cohort. In conclusion, significant differences were found in the spread of HIV-1 in cohorts of homosexual men in Amsterdam, New York City, and San Francisco. These dissimilarities were probably due to a combination of differences in sexual activity at the time the epidemic began and a later introduction of HIV-1 in Amsterdam. C1 CITY & CTY SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW YORK BLOOD CTR,WOLF SZMUNESS LAB EPIDEMIOL,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RP VANGRIENSVEN, GJP (reprint author), MUNICIPAL HLTH SERV,DEPT PUBL HLTH,NIEUWE ACHTERGRACHT 100,1018 WT AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5RO1-AI24239-05]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU900653-06] NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 8 BP 909 EP 915 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LC830 UT WOS:A1993LC83000010 PM 8484382 ER PT J AU HONIGMAN, B THEIS, MK KOZIOLMCLAIN, J ROACH, R YIP, R HOUSTON, C MOORE, LG AF HONIGMAN, B THEIS, MK KOZIOLMCLAIN, J ROACH, R YIP, R HOUSTON, C MOORE, LG TI ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS IN A GENERAL TOURIST POPULATION AT MODERATE ALTITUDES SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ALTITUDE SICKNESS; LUNG DISEASES; ACETAZOLAMIDE; HEADACHE; PHYSICAL FITNESS ID VENTILATION; DEXAMETHASONE; ACETAZOLAMIDE; PROPHYLAXIS; HYPOXIA AB Objective: To determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness in a general population of visitors to moderate elevations, the characteristics associated with it, and its effect on physical activity. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Resort communities located at 6300 to 9700 feet elevation in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Participants: Convenience sample of 3158 adult travelers, 16 to 87 years old (mean age [+/- SD], 43.8 +/- 11.8 years). Results: Twenty-five percent of the travelers to moderate elevations developed acute mountain sickness, which occurred in 65% of travelers within the first 12 hours of arrival. Fifty-six percent of those with symptoms reduced their physical activity. The odds favoring acute mountain sickness were 3.5 times as large for visitors whose permanent residence was below 3000 feet elevation as for those whose residence was above 3000 feet; 2.8 times as large for visitors with previous symptoms of acute mountain sickness; and twice as large in travelers younger than 60 years. Women, obese persons, those in poor or average physical condition, and those with underlying lung disease also had a higher occurrence of acute mountain sickness (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Acute mountain sickness occurs in 25% of visitors to moderate altitudes and affects activity in most symptomatic visitors. Persons who are younger, less physically fit, live at sea level, have a history of acute mountain sickness, or have underlying lung problems more often develop these symptoms. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ANTHROPOL,DENVER,CO 80202. COLORADO ALTITUDE RES INST,KEYSTONE,CO. LOVELACE FDN MED EDUC & RES,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP HONIGMAN, B (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,4200 E 9TH AVE,B-215,DENVER,CO 80262, USA. NR 33 TC 245 Z9 250 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 8 BP 587 EP 592 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KW470 UT WOS:A1993KW47000003 PM 8452324 ER PT J AU BOSSE, D GEORGE, V CANDAL, FJ LAWLEY, TJ ADES, EW AF BOSSE, D GEORGE, V CANDAL, FJ LAWLEY, TJ ADES, EW TI THE PRESENTATION OF ANTIGEN TO HUMAN T-CELLS BY HMEC-1 - A CONTINUOUS HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A121 EP A121 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600689 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL BUCKNER, C PARDI, D HOOPER, WC AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL BUCKNER, C PARDI, D HOOPER, WC TI INFECTION WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS LEADS TO CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR AND INTERLEUKIN-6 SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A49 EP A49 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600274 ER PT J AU PARKER, J FU, A ADES, E AF PARKER, J FU, A ADES, E TI GENERATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF TUMOR LYTIC EFFICACY OF AN ANTI-PAN-T-LYMPHOCYTE-X ANTI-MELANOMA-GROWTH-STIMULATORY-ACTIVITY BISPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY (FB2/3PT12B8) SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A144 EP A144 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600825 ER PT J AU SCHMID, DS THIEME, ML MAWLE, AC AF SCHMID, DS THIEME, ML MAWLE, AC TI ENUMERATION OF HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS SPECIFIC T-CELLS WITH ELISPOT CYTOKINE DETECTION ASSAYS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A70 EP A70 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95600402 ER PT J AU SPIRA, TJ JONES, BM HUBBARD, M AF SPIRA, TJ JONES, BM HUBBARD, M TI IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA (ICL) - AN IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 8 BP A244 EP A244 PN 2 PG 1 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KX956 UT WOS:A1993KX95601406 ER PT J AU GUNN, WJ KOMAROFF, AL BELL, DS CONNELL, DB LEVINE, SM CHENEY, PR AF GUNN, WJ KOMAROFF, AL BELL, DS CONNELL, DB LEVINE, SM CHENEY, PR TI INABILITY OF RETROVIRAL TESTS TO IDENTIFY PERSONS WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 183, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. ABT ASSOCIATES INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. BETH ISRAEL MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10003. CHENEY CLIN,CHARLOTTE,NC. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP GUNN, WJ (reprint author), ARLINGTON ASSOCIATES,LILBURN,GA 30247, USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 14 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 14 BP 1779 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KW250 UT WOS:A1993KW25000010 ER PT J AU BERNIER, RH DIETZ, VJ LYONS, AE MCKNIGHT, HL MULLEN, JH OMARA, DJ BENDER, K BROOME, CV CARY, AH CASERTA, VM FESSLER, KA GUERRA, FA GURSKY, EA HUTCHINS, VL KATZ, SE LENART, JC LEWIN, JC MARCUSE, EK MCGUIRE, ML MITCHEM, F MORTIMER, EA MOUNTAIN, KL NANNIS, PW NORA, AH NYE, CH STRAIN, JE STEVENS, D STUBBS, PE THOMPSON, FE VANBUREN, RC DIETZ, V BART, KJ BERNIER, R ORENSTEIN, WA AF BERNIER, RH DIETZ, VJ LYONS, AE MCKNIGHT, HL MULLEN, JH OMARA, DJ BENDER, K BROOME, CV CARY, AH CASERTA, VM FESSLER, KA GUERRA, FA GURSKY, EA HUTCHINS, VL KATZ, SE LENART, JC LEWIN, JC MARCUSE, EK MCGUIRE, ML MITCHEM, F MORTIMER, EA MOUNTAIN, KL NANNIS, PW NORA, AH NYE, CH STRAIN, JE STEVENS, D STUBBS, PE THOMPSON, FE VANBUREN, RC DIETZ, V BART, KJ BERNIER, R ORENSTEIN, WA TI STANDARDS FOR PEDIATRIC IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. ASSOC STATE & TERR DIRECTORS NURSING,JACKSON,MS. ASSOC COMMUNITY HLTH NURSING EDUCATORS,NEW ORLEANS,LA. NATL VACCINE INJURY COMPENSAT PROGRAM,ROCKVILLE,MD. MILWAUKEE DEPT HLTH,MILWAUKEE,WI. SAN ANTONIO METROPOLITAN HLTH DIST,SAN ANTONIO,TX. NATL ASSOC CTY HLTH OFFICIALS,CHEVERLY,MD. HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,ROCKVILLE,MD. ADVISORY COMM IMMUNIZAT PRACTICES,DURHAM,NC. AMER NURSES ASSOC,SEATTLE,WA. NATL ASSOC COMMUNITY HLTH CTR INC,WASHINGTON,DC. ASSOC STATE & TERR HLTH OFFICIALS,HONOLULU,HI. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NATL ASSOC PEDIAT NURSE ASSOCIATES & PRACTITIONERS,CHERRY HILL,NJ. AMER MED ASSOC,CHICAGO,IL 60610. NATL MIGRANT RESOURCE PROGRAM,AUSTIN,TX. US CONFERENCE LOCAL HLTH OFFICERS,MILWAUKEE,WI. ASSOC MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH PROGRAMS,IOWA CITY,IA. HLTH RESOURCES & SERV ADM,ROCKVILLE,MD. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,BALTIMORE,MD. AMER ACAD PEDIAT,ELK GROVE VILLAGE,IL. CONFERENCE STATE TERR EPIDEMIOLOGISTS,JACKSON,MS. AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS,COLUMBUS,OH. NR 12 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 14 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 14 BP 1817 EP 1822 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KW250 UT WOS:A1993KW25000037 ER PT J AU MOORE, PS MARFIN, AA QUENEMOEN, LE GESSNER, BD AYUB, YS MILLER, DS SULLIVAN, KM TOOLE, MJ AF MOORE, PS MARFIN, AA QUENEMOEN, LE GESSNER, BD AYUB, YS MILLER, DS SULLIVAN, KM TOOLE, MJ TI MORTALITY-RATES IN DISPLACED AND RESIDENT POPULATIONS OF CENTRAL SOMALIA DURING 1992 FAMINE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID REFUGEE; THAILAND AB Famine and civil war have resulted in high mortality rates and large population displacements in Somalia. To assess mortality rates and risk factors for mortality, we carried out surveys in the central Somali towns of Afgoi and Baidoa in November and December, 1992. In Baidoa we surveyed displaced persons living in camps; the average daily crude mortality rate was 16.8 (95% CI 14.6-19.1) per 10 000 population during the 232 days before the survey. An estimated 74% of children under 5 years living in displaced persons camps died during this period. In Afgoi, where both displaced and resident populations were surveyed, the crude mortality rate was 4.7 (3.9-5.5) deaths per 10 000 per day. Although mortality rates for all displaced persons were high, people living in temporary camps were at highest risk of death. As in other famine-related disasters, preventable infectious diseases such as measles and diarrhoea were the primary causes of death in both towns. These mortality rates are among the highest documented for a civilian population ver a long period. Community-based public health interventions to prevent and control common infectious diseses are needed to reduce these exceptionally high mortality rates in Somalia. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAMME OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNICEF,SOMALI CTY OFF,NAIROBI,KENYA. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,CTR INT HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP MOORE, PS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,POB 2087,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. RI Moore, Patrick/F-3960-2011 OI Moore, Patrick/0000-0002-8132-858X NR 16 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 10 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8850 BP 935 EP 938 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91223-9 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KW981 UT WOS:A1993KW98100015 PM 8096276 ER PT J AU ISAACSON, M CANTER, PH EFFLER, P ARNTZEN, L BOMANS, P HEENAN, R AF ISAACSON, M CANTER, PH EFFLER, P ARNTZEN, L BOMANS, P HEENAN, R TI HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS EPIDEMIC IN AFRICA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UBOMBO RANCHES HOSP,BIG BEND,SWAZILAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOAL,DUN LAOGHAIRE,IRELAND. RP ISAACSON, M (reprint author), S AFRICAN INST MED RES,SCH PATHOL,DEPT TROP DIS,JOHANNESBURG 2000,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 0 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 10 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8850 BP 961 EP 961 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91253-I PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KW981 UT WOS:A1993KW98100040 PM 8096294 ER PT J AU KHAN, AS KENT, J SCHONBERGER, LB AF KHAN, AS KENT, J SCHONBERGER, LB TI ASPIRIN AND REYES-SYNDROME SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP KHAN, AS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 10 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8850 BP 968 EP 968 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91266-O PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KW981 UT WOS:A1993KW98100057 PM 8096309 ER PT J AU FISCHER, DB BOYER, A AF FISCHER, DB BOYER, A TI STATE ACTIVITIES FOR PREVENTION OF LEAD-POISONING AMONG CHILDREN - UNITED-STATES, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 165, 171-172, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP FISCHER, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 7 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 13 BP 1614 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KV349 UT WOS:A1993KV34900007 ER PT J AU BINDER, S MATTE, T AF BINDER, S MATTE, T TI CHILDHOOD LEAD-POISONING - THE IMPACT OF PREVENTION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP BINDER, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,LEAD POISONING PREVENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 7 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 13 BP 1679 EP 1681 DI 10.1001/jama.269.13.1679 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KV349 UT WOS:A1993KV34900035 PM 8455303 ER PT J AU LOBEL, HO MIANI, M ENG, T BERNARD, KW HIGHTOWER, AW CAMPBELL, CC AF LOBEL, HO MIANI, M ENG, T BERNARD, KW HIGHTOWER, AW CAMPBELL, CC TI LONG-TERM MALARIA PROPHYLAXIS WITH WEEKLY MEFLOQUINE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MALARIA; PREVENTION; TRAVELERS; AFRICA; RISK AB The spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falpicarum malaria has led to increased use of mefloquine prophylaxis by US Peace Corps volunteers in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared long-term mefloquine with other drug regimens for effectiveness and tolerance. The incidence of Plasmodium falciparum infections and of adverse reactions was compared in Peace Corps volunteers who took chloroquine weekly, mefloquine weekly, mefloquine every other week, or weekly chloroquine plus daily proguanil. Weekly mefloquine was 94% more effective than chloroquine (95% Cl 86% to 97%), 86% more effective than chloroquine plus proguanil (95% Cl 67% to 94%), and 82% more effective than prophylaxis with mefloquine when taken every other week (95% Cl 68% to 90%). No serious adverse reactions were observed. Mild adverse events were equally frequent in mefloquine users and chloroquine users, and the frequency of these events declined with increasing duration of prophylaxis. Mefloquine is an effective and well-tolerated drug for prophylaxis of malaria by short-term and long-term travellers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,STAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PEACE CORPS,OFF MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP LOBEL, HO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 3 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8849 BP 848 EP 851 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)93058-9 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KV811 UT WOS:A1993KV81100002 PM 8096560 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW ORLOFF, SL MCDOUGAL, JS AF NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW ORLOFF, SL MCDOUGAL, JS TI INACTIVATION OF HIV-INFECTED H9 CELLS IN WHOLE-BLOOD PREPARATIONS BY LYSING FIXING REAGENTS USED IN FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE FLOW CYTOMETRY; HIV; HIV INACTIVATION; FORMALDEHYDE; RED BLOOD CELL LYSIS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; PARAFORMALDEHYDE; QUANTITATION; LYMPHOCYTES; RETROVIRUS; FIXATION; AIDS AB Reagents that lyse red blood cells and fix white blood cells were tested for their ability to inactivate cell-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Whole blood was spiked with cells from an HIV-positive cell line (H9), lysed, and fixed. The cell preparations were then cocultured with T cell blasts in serial ten-fold dilutions to rescue infectious virus and measure viral titer. All commercial lysing and fixing reagents tested inactivated cell-associated HIV by 3-5 logs, while ammonium chloride had little effect. Although an additional incubation with 1% formaldehyde for 30 min did not increase the effectiveness of the commercial lysing/fixing reagents, it did inactivate cell-associated HIV in blood treated with ammonium chloride. RP NICHOLSON, JKA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MAIL STOP A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD APR 2 PY 1993 VL 160 IS 2 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90180-F PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA KV359 UT WOS:A1993KV35900009 PM 8459108 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML TI ACADEMIC MEDICAL-CENTERS HAVE A MAJOR ROLE IN PREVENTING VIOLENCE SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 68 IS 4 BP 268 EP 269 DI 10.1097/00001888-199304000-00007 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA KX448 UT WOS:A1993KX44800009 PM 8466603 ER PT J AU PAPPAIOANOU, M KASHAMUKA, M BEHETS, F MBALA, S BIYELA, K DAVACHI, F GEORGE, JR GREEN, TA DONDERO, TJ HEYWARD, WL RYDER, RW AF PAPPAIOANOU, M KASHAMUKA, M BEHETS, F MBALA, S BIYELA, K DAVACHI, F GEORGE, JR GREEN, TA DONDERO, TJ HEYWARD, WL RYDER, RW TI ACCURATE DETECTION OF MATERNAL ANTIBODIES TO HIV IN NEWBORN WHOLE-BLOOD DRIED ON FILTER-PAPER SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; SEROPREVALENCE; SEROLOGIC TESTS; SURVEYS ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; CHILDBEARING WOMEN; SPECIMENS; INFECTION; SAMPLES; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; INFANTS; PROGRAM; SERUM AB Objective: The testing of neonatal blood specimens dried on filter paper for maternal HIV antibodies, using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with confirmation of repeatedly reactive specimens by immunoblot (IB), was first described in 1987. It has been used to conduct large, unlinked, anonymous HIV seroprevalence surveys for surveillance of HIV in child-bearing women in several countries. We directly assessed the sensitivity and specificity of this combination of tests to detect maternal HIV antibodies. Setting: Serum samples obtained from mothers delivering at a major hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire were screened for HIV antibody using the rapid assay HIVCHEK. Design: Plasma from HIVCHEK-positive women and age-matched negative controls were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); repeatedly reactive specimens were confirmed by Western blot (WB). Two days after delivery, whole blood was obtained from each newborn by heel-stick, dried on filter paper, and tested by EIA. Repeatedly reactive specimens were confirmed by IB. Main outcome measure. The serologic status of neonatal filter-paper specimens was compared with that of corresponding maternal plasma. Results: The testing of neonatal filter-paper specimens using EIA, with confirmatory testing of repeatedly reactive specimens using IB, was 100.0% sensitive [of the 192 ELISA-positive and WB-positive maternal plasma specimens, 192 of the corresponding newborn filter-paper specimens were EIA-positive and IB-positive; 950/o confidence interval (CI), 98.1-100]. The detection of maternal HIV antibodies was 99.60/o specific using this combination of tests (of the 281 ELISA-negative or ELISA-positive but WB-negative maternal plasma samples, 280 of the corresponding newborn filter-paper specimens were EIA-negative or EIA-positive but IB-negative; 950/o CI, 98.0-100). Conclusions: Maternal HIV antibodies can be detected accurately by testing neonatal blood dried on filter paper, using EIA with confirmation of repeatedly reactive specimens by IB. This approach can facilitate the determination of HIV seroprevalence in child-bearing women in countries with neonatal screening programs, or where serum or plasma is difficult to obtain. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,D12,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1097/00002030-199304000-00005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KZ427 UT WOS:A1993KZ42700005 PM 8507414 ER PT J AU SOMSE, P CHAPKO, MK HAWKINS, RV AF SOMSE, P CHAPKO, MK HAWKINS, RV TI MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS - RESULTS OF A NATIONAL HIV/AIDS SURVEY IN THE CENTRAL-AFRICAN-REPUBLIC SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE MULTIPLE PARTNERS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; HIGH RISK; HIV; AIDS; AFRICA ID HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SPREAD AB Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of individuals with more than one sexual partner in the Central African Republic during the previous 12 months. Design: A national survey. Methods: A stratified sample of 2589 individuals aged 15-50 years was interviewed in late 1989. The 157-question survey questionnaire was a modified version of a questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS. Results: Thirty-four per cent of men and 17% of women reported having sex with more than one partner during the previous 12 months. For both men and women, logistic regression indicated that the risk of having multiple partners increased with being single compared with being married; being employed in a profession other than agriculture compared with being a farmer, unemployed, a housewife, or a student; living in an urban rather than a rural area; rape being part of their first sexual encounter; and combining sex with alcohol. Risk increased with increasing ability to read for men and with decreasing age and drinking alcohol for women. Conclusions: These findings can be used to develop and target HIV/AIDS prevention and control programmes and to improve mathematical models of the epidemic. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT HLTH SERV,SC-37,SEATTLE,WA 98195. MINIST PUBL HLTH & SOCIAL AFFAIRS,BANGUI,CENT AFR REPUBL. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU FIC NIH HHS [T22TW0001] NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 579 EP 583 DI 10.1097/00002030-199304000-00019 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KZ427 UT WOS:A1993KZ42700019 PM 8507423 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW WARD, JW BERKELMAN, RL AF BUEHLER, JW WARD, JW BERKELMAN, RL TI THE SURVEILLANCE DEFINITION FOR AIDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE SURVEILLANCE; CASE DEFINITION; PUBLIC HEALTH ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WOMEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,MS-G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP 585 EP 587 DI 10.1097/00002030-199304000-00020 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KZ427 UT WOS:A1993KZ42700020 PM 8389560 ER PT J AU MARCUS, R CULVER, DH BELL, DM SRIVASTAVA, PU MENDELSON, MH ZALENSKI, RJ FARBER, B FLIGNER, D HASSETT, J QUINN, TC SCHABLE, CA SLOAN, EP TSUI, P KELEN, GD AF MARCUS, R CULVER, DH BELL, DM SRIVASTAVA, PU MENDELSON, MH ZALENSKI, RJ FARBER, B FLIGNER, D HASSETT, J QUINN, TC SCHABLE, CA SLOAN, EP TSUI, P KELEN, GD TI RISK OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION AMONG EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; PREVALENCE; PHYSICIANS; IMMUNIZATION; PERSONNEL; EXPOSURES; MARKERS; RATES AB PURPOSE: To estimate (1) the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in emergency department (ED) patients, (2) the frequency of blood contact (BC) in ED workers (EDWs), (3) the efficacy of gloves in preventing BC, and (4) the risk of HIV infection in EDWs due to BC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an 8-month study in three pairs of inner-city and suburban hospital EDs in high AIDS incidence areas in the United States. At each hospital, blood specimens from approximately 3,400 ED patients were tested for HIV antibody. Observers monitored BC and glove use by EDWs. RESULTS: HIV seroprevalence was 4.1 to 8.9 per 100 patient visits in the 3 inner-city EDs, 6.1 in 1 suburban ED, and 0.2 and 0.7 in the other 2 suburban EDs. The HIV infection status of 69% of the infected patients was unknown to ED staff. Seroprevalence rates were highest among patients aged 15 to 44 years, males, blacks and Hispanics, and patients with pneumonia. BC was observed in 379 (3.9%) of 9,793 procedures; 362 (95%) of the BCs were on skin, 11 (3%) were on mucous membranes, and 6 (2%) were percutaneous. Overall procedure-adjusted skin BC rates were 11.2 BCs per 100 procedures for ungloved workers and 1.3 for gloved EDWs (relative risk = 8.8, 95 % confidence interval = 7.3 to 10.3). In the high HIV seroprevalence EDs studied, 1 in every 40 full-time ED physicians or nurses can expect an HIV-positive percutaneous BC annually; in the low HIV seroprevalence EDs studied, 1 in every 575. The annual occupational risk of HIV infection for an individual ED physician or nurse from performing procedures observed in this study is estimated as 0.008% to 0.026% (1 in 13,100 to 1 in 3,800) in a high HIV seroprevalence area and 0.0005% to 0.002% (1 in 187,000 to 1 in 55,000) in a low HIV seroprevalence area. CONCLUSIONS: In both inner-city and suburban EDs, patient HIV seroprevalence varies with patient demographics and clinical presentation; the infection status of most HIV-positive patients is unknown to ED staff. The risk to an EDW of occupationally acquiring HIV infection varies by ED location and the nature and frequency of BC; this risk can be reduced by adherence to universal precautions. C1 CORNELL UNIV,N SHORE UNIV HOSP,COLL MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,MANHASSET,NY 11030. CHRIST HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,OAK LAWN,IL. UNIV ILLINOIS,COLL MED,PROGRAM EMERGENCY MED,CHICAGO,IL 60680. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. COOK CTY HOSP,DEPT EMERGENCY MED,TRAUMA UNIT,CHICAGO,IL 60612. COOK CTY HOSP,DEPT IMMUNOL,CHICAGO,IL 60612. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS CAS,ATLANTA,GA. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV CLIN IMMUNOL,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP MARCUS, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HIV INFECT BRANCH,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Kelen, Gabor/0000-0002-3236-8286 NR 31 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 94 IS 4 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90146-G PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KX941 UT WOS:A1993KX94100004 PM 8475929 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL PETERSON, HB CURRAN, JW AF ROPER, WL PETERSON, HB CURRAN, JW TI COMMENTARY - CONDOMS AND HIV STD PREVENTION - CLARIFYING THE MESSAGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; AIDS AB In the United States and throughout the world, the majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are sexually transmitted. An estimated 12 million other sexually transmitted diseases occur annually in the United States. Avoiding sexual intercourse altogether or restricting sex to partners known to be uninfected will prevent infection; this needs to be promoted as the most effective strategy. Studies show that correct and consistent use of latex condoms is highly effective in preventing sexually transmitted HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. The effectiveness of condoms depends on individual behavior leading to correct and consistent use. Further studies are needed to maximize the use and effectiveness of condoms for those who choose to be sexually active as well as to develop and evaluate other methods, particularly those more under the control of women. In the interim, our prevention message should be clear: When used correctly and consistently, condoms are highly effective; when used otherwise, they are not. RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAIL STOP D21,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 501 EP 503 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.501 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600006 PM 8460725 ER PT J AU DIAZ, T BUEHLER, JW CASTRO, KG WARD, JW AF DIAZ, T BUEHLER, JW CASTRO, KG WARD, JW TI AIDS TRENDS AMONG HISPANICS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIV INFECTION; DRUG-USERS; WOMEN; RISK AB Objectives. In 1991 the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States was 31.6 per 100 000 population among Hispanics and 11.8 per 100 000 among non-Hispanic Whites. The purpose of this study was to further describe the AIDS epidemic among Hispanics by examining differences in risk factors among different Hispanic groups (as defined by birthplace). Methods. AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1988 through 1991 were reviewed. Results. For men, except for those born in Puerto Rico, the predominant exposure category was male-male sex. The proportion of cases due to injection drug use was 35% among Hispanic men born in the United States, 27% among men born in the Dominican Republic, and 61% among men born in Puerto Rico, but <10% among other Hispanic men and non-Hispanic White men. For women the predominant exposure category was injection drug use among Hispanics born in the United States (56%) and Puerto Rico (46%) and among non-Hispanic Whites (42%). The proportion of cases associated with injection drug use was significantly lower (<30%) among other Hispanic women. Conclusions. AIDS prevention strategies must be geared toward different exposure categories among different Hispanic groups. RP DIAZ, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E47,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30345, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 30 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 504 EP 509 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.504 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600007 PM 8384802 ER PT J AU ONORATO, IM OBRIEN, TR SCHABLE, CA SPRUILL, C HOLMBERG, SD AF ONORATO, IM OBRIEN, TR SCHABLE, CA SPRUILL, C HOLMBERG, SD TI SENTINEL SURVEILLANCE FOR HIV-2 INFECTION IN HIGH-RISK UNITED-STATES POPULATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTI-HIV-1 AB Objectives. We conducted sentinel surveillance in persons practicing behaviors known to transmit retroviruses to determine the US presence and extent of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2). Methods. Sentinel surveillance for HIV-2 was conducted by testing 31 533 anonymous blood specimens from patients at sexually transmitted disease clinics, injecting drug users at treatment centers, and clients at HIV counseling and testing sites in 14 US cities where West African immigrants often settle. Specimens were tested by HIV-1 and HIV-2 whole virus and synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by HIV-1 and HIV-2 Western blots. Results. Nearly 10% of 31 533 sera were positive for HIV-1. Two heterosexual Black male sexually transmitted disease patients were infected with HIV-2. One of the HIV-2 Positive specimens did not cross-react on HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay screening. One client had antibodies consistent with malarial infection in West Africa; the other, who had syphilis, did not have antibodies to malaria or to any of 20 arboviruses present in Africa. Conclusions. Clinics serving clients from HIV-2 endemic areas should test persons practicing risk behaviors for both HIV-1 and HIV-2. Sentinel surveillance for HIV-2 serves as an early warning system for the possible spread of this virus in the United States. RP ONORATO, IM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,TECH INFORMAT ACT,MAILSTOP E46,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.515 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600009 PM 8460726 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO HOLTGRAVE, DR BRACKBILL, RM AF VALDISERRI, RO HOLTGRAVE, DR BRACKBILL, RM TI AMERICAN ADULTS KNOWLEDGE OF HIV TESTING AVAILABILITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNICATION AB Objectives. Understanding client needs, knowledge, and preferences about services is necessary to ensure that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing programs are accessible. This study addressed knowledge of HIV testing availability. Methods. To study American adults' knowledge of HIV testing availabilitY, we collected data during 1990 by random digit-dialing telephone surveys of adults residing in 44 states and the District of Columbia. Results. Of the 81 557 persons who responded, almost two thirds identified medical doctors as a source of HIV testing. Fourteen percent identified public sites, and 12% said they didn't know where to go for HIV testing. Persons who were older; less educated, and had lower incomes were less likely to know where they could go for testing. Persons identifying Public sites shared some characteristics with others who lacked adequate health care coverage. Conclusions. Physicians will be increasingly called upon to provide HIV counseling and testing to their patients. This may require additional training to provide effective, individualized, risk-reduction messages about sexual and drug use behaviors. Even when persons have adequate information about availability, sociodemographic characteristics are likely to influence preferences for HIV counseling and testing. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.525 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600011 PM 8460728 ER PT J AU OTTEN, MW ZAIDI, AA WROTEN, JE WITTE, JJ PETERMAN, TA AF OTTEN, MW ZAIDI, AA WROTEN, JE WITTE, JJ PETERMAN, TA TI CHANGES IN SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE RATES AFTER HIV TESTING AND POSTTEST COUNSELING, MIAMI, 1988 TO 1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COHORT; BEHAVIORS; KNOWLEDGE; MEN AB Objectives. The effects of posttest counseling on acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases in patients at a large urban sexually transmitted disease clinic were studied. Methods. Comparisons were made of the percentage of patients who had a positive gonorrhea culture (or any sexually transmitted disease) in the 6 months before and after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing. Results. For 331 patients counseled about a positive HIV test, the percentage with gonorrhea was 6.3 before and 4.5 after posttest counseling (29% decrease). For 666 patients counseled about a negative test, the percentage with gonorrhea was 2.4 before and 5.0 after posttest counseling (106% increase). With any sexually transmitted disease as the outcome, patients who tested positive for HIV had a 12% decrease and patients who tested negative had a 103% increase after counseling. Conclusions. HIV counseling and testing was associated with a moderate decrease in sexually transmitted diseases among patients who tested positive for the virus, but risk increased for patients who tested negative. This suggests a need to improve posttest counseling in this clinic and to assess the effects of counseling and testing in other clinics. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. FLORIDA STATE DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 15 TC 105 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 529 EP 533 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.529 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600012 PM 8460729 ER PT J AU KIM, I WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T KOPLAN, JP AF KIM, I WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T KOPLAN, JP TI VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT USE AND MORTALITY IN A UNITED-STATES COHORT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IRON STATUS; ADULTS AB Objectives Vitamin and mineral supplementation is a common practice in the United States, yet little is known about the long-term health effects of regular supplement use. Methods. To examine the relationship between reported use of supplements and mortality, we analyzed data from US adults 25 to 74 years of age who were examined in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1971 to 1975), with vital status determined through 1987. Results. At baseline, 22.5% of the cohort reported using supplements regularly and 10.0% reported irregular use. The risk of mortality for regular supplement users was similar to that for nonusers. No consistent mortality benefits or risks of supplement use were found across a number of population subgroups. The risk for those who reported supplement use at both the baseline and a follow-up interview approximately 10 years later was similar to the risk for those who reported not using supplements at either interview. Conclusions. We found no evidence of increased longevity among vitamin and mineral supplement users in the United States. Considering the wide use of supplements in the general population, the cost-effectiveness and the safety of supplement use need to be better defined. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 19 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.546 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600015 PM 8460732 ER PT J AU NWANYANWU, OC CONTI, LA CIESIELSKI, CA STEHRGREEN, JK BERKELMAN, RL LIEB, S WITTE, JJ AF NWANYANWU, OC CONTI, LA CIESIELSKI, CA STEHRGREEN, JK BERKELMAN, RL LIEB, S WITTE, JJ TI INCREASING FREQUENCY OF HETEROSEXUALLY TRANSMITTED AIDS IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA - ARTIFACT OR REALITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV; TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; INFECTION AB Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases reported as the result of heterosexual contact have been increasing in the United States, with Florida reporting a disproportionate number. We investigated 168 such AIDS cases from southern Florida. After follow-up, 50 (30%) patients were reclassified into other transmission categories. The data suggest that the increased rate of heterosexually acquired AIDS cases reported from southern Florida was partially related to misclassification of risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 83 IS 4 BP 571 EP 573 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.4.571 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX086 UT WOS:A1993KX08600020 PM 8460737 ER PT J AU MIGOT, F MILLET, P CHOUGNET, C LEPERS, JP DELORON, P AF MIGOT, F MILLET, P CHOUGNET, C LEPERS, JP DELORON, P TI HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES TO THE CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX IN MADAGASCAR SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA VACCINE; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; ENDEMIC MALARIA; IFN-GAMMA; ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE; GENE AB Plasmodium vivax malaria is prevalent during the rainy season in the central highlands of Madagascar. In April 199 1, we investigated the cellular and antibody immune responses of 53 inhabitants of Manarintsoa, a village in this area, to four antigens corresponding to B and T cell epitopes of the P. vivax circumsporozoite (CS) protein. Cellular responses were assessed by lymphocyte proliferation assay as well as by detection of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production in vitro. Cell culture was performed with two overlapping-synthetic peptides (CSVTCGVGVRVRSRVNA [amino acids 311-326]) and VRVRSRVNAANKKPED [amino acids 319-334]) from the vicinity of the highly conserved region Il of the CS protein. In at least one of the three assays, cells from seven subjects showed a positive response to CSVTCGVGVRVRSRVNA, while cells form 14 subjects responded to VRVRSRVNAANKKPED. Antibodies directed against the two recombinant antigens, NS1(81)1V20 and rPvCS-2, both of which contain the entire central repeat region of the P. vivax CS protein, plus regions I and II in the case of rPvCS-2, were measured by the Falcon (R) assay screening test-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eight and nine subjects had antibodies to NS1(81)V20 and rPvCS-2, respectively. The presence of antibody responses to both recombinant antigens was related (P = 0.02, by Fisher's exact test), but was not related to the presence of a cellular response to peptides from vicinity of region II (P > 0. 1, by Fisher's exact test). These data show that most of the antibody response is probably directed towards the repeat region of the CS protein of P. vivax, but that the vicinity of region II is able to induce both antibody and cellular responses in some individuals. C1 INSERM,U13,190 BLVD MACDONALD,F-75944 PARIS 19,FRANCE. HOP CLAUDE BERNARD,INST MED & EPIDEMIOL AFRICAINES,F-75994 PARIS 19,FRANCE. FAC MED LILLE 2,SERV PARASITOL MYCOL,LILLE,FRANCE. FAC PHARM PARIS 5,PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST PASTEUR MADAGASCAR,UNITE RECH PALUDISME,ANTANANARIVO,MALAGASY REPUBL. RI Deloron, Philippe/G-6305-2010; OI Migot-Nabias, Florence/0000-0001-9982-594X NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 4 BP 524 EP 529 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA LB692 UT WOS:A1993LB69200009 PM 7683178 ER PT J AU BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM ONORATO, IM DANSBURY, KG KELLY, GD DRIVER, CR SNIDER, DE AF BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM ONORATO, IM DANSBURY, KG KELLY, GD DRIVER, CR SNIDER, DE TI DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN THE UNITED-STATES - RESULTS OF A NATIONWIDE SURVEY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900446 ER PT J AU BURWEN, D BLOCH, A GRIFFIN, L CIESIELSKI, C STERN, H ONORATO, I AF BURWEN, D BLOCH, A GRIFFIN, L CIESIELSKI, C STERN, H ONORATO, I TI NATIONAL TRENDS IN AIDS CASES WITH TUBERCULOSIS (TB) AND TB CASES WITH AIDS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A487 EP A487 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901852 ER PT J AU BURWEN, D BLOCH, A GRIFFIN, L CIESIELSKI, C STERN, H ONORATO, I AF BURWEN, D BLOCH, A GRIFFIN, L CIESIELSKI, C STERN, H ONORATO, I TI NATIONAL TRENDS IN AIDS CASES WITH TUBERCULOSIS (TB) AND TB CASES WITH AIDS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A457 EP A457 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901736 ER PT J AU CANTWELL, MF CAUTHEN, GM AF CANTWELL, MF CAUTHEN, GM TI GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN UNITED-STATES TUBERCULOSIS (TB) TRENDS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A122 EP A122 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900437 ER PT J AU CANTWELL, MF SNIDER, DE ONORATO, IM BURWEN, DR AF CANTWELL, MF SNIDER, DE ONORATO, IM BURWEN, DR TI THE CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IN THE USA SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A721 EP A721 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902765 ER PT J AU CHIN, DP HOPEWELL, PC YAJKO, DM HADLEY, WK HORSBURGH, CR VITTINGHOFF, E MAKLIN, CC REINGOLD, AL AF CHIN, DP HOPEWELL, PC YAJKO, DM HADLEY, WK HORSBURGH, CR VITTINGHOFF, E MAKLIN, CC REINGOLD, AL TI MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX (MAC) IN THE RESPIRATORY OR GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT PRECEDES MAC BACTEREMIA SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED & LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A393 EP A393 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901487 ER PT J AU DRIVER, CR FRIEDEN, T BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM AF DRIVER, CR FRIEDEN, T BLOCH, AB ONORATO, IM TI DRUG-RESISTANCE AMONG TUBERCULOSIS (TB) CASES, NEW-YORK-CITY, 1991-1992 SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A121 EP A121 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900433 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR ATTOE, LS TOKARS, JI GRIECO, MH STROUD, L SORDILLO, EM WILLIAMS, J SCHNEIDER, N GILLIGAN, ME HOLMBERG, SD AF EDLIN, BR ATTOE, LS TOKARS, JI GRIECO, MH STROUD, L SORDILLO, EM WILLIAMS, J SCHNEIDER, N GILLIGAN, ME HOLMBERG, SD TI RECOGNITION AND TREATMENT OF PRIMARY MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10025. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A489 EP A489 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901860 ER PT J AU IHLE, W ONORATO, IM KELLY, GD AF IHLE, W ONORATO, IM KELLY, GD TI AN EVALUATION OF TUBERCULOSIS (TB) SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED-STATES - HOW USEFUL IS THE TB CASE DEFINITION SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A123 EP A123 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900438 ER PT J AU SHAFER, RW LARKIN, C BLOCH, AB DIFERDINANDO, G STONEBURNER, R VASUDAVAN, V COLBY, S MCKINLEY, G DEHOVITZ, J GLADSTONE, J SELIGMAN, SJ CAUTHEN, GM AF SHAFER, RW LARKIN, C BLOCH, AB DIFERDINANDO, G STONEBURNER, R VASUDAVAN, V COLBY, S MCKINLEY, G DEHOVITZ, J GLADSTONE, J SELIGMAN, SJ CAUTHEN, GM TI PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL IN HIV-SEROPOSITIVE (HIV+) TUBERCULOSIS (TB) PATIENTS (PTS) WITHOUT OTHER AIDS-DEFINING ILLNESSES SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A490 EP A490 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14901862 ER PT J AU SHORT, S LISTON, R OBRIEN, D MIGLIOZZI, N WAGNER, G PARKER, J AF SHORT, S LISTON, R OBRIEN, D MIGLIOZZI, N WAGNER, G PARKER, J TI SILICO-TUBERCULOSIS DEATH IN A SANDBLASTER - THE UTILITY OF THE SENTINEL EVENT NOTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR OCCUPATIONAL RISK (SENSOR) PROGRAM SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A898 EP A898 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14903438 ER PT J AU SUMARTOJO, E HALE, BE GEITER, L AF SUMARTOJO, E HALE, BE GEITER, L TI PHYSICIAN PRACTICES IN PREVENTING AND TREATING TUBERCULOSIS - RESULTS OF A NATIONAL SURVEY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A722 EP A722 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902767 ER PT J AU VALWAY, S KENT, J ONORATO, IM AF VALWAY, S KENT, J ONORATO, IM TI EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY LINKED OUTBREAKS OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (MDRTB), NEW-YORK-STATE, 1990-1992 SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A122 EP A122 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14900436 ER PT J AU WEHNER, JH KIRSCH, CM KAGAWA, FT JENSEN, WA WILSON, M CAMPAGNA, AC AF WEHNER, JH KIRSCH, CM KAGAWA, FT JENSEN, WA WILSON, M CAMPAGNA, AC TI THE PREVALENCE OF STRONGYLOIDES-STERCORALIS INFESTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA FROM ENDEMIC AREAS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SANTA CLARA VALLEY MED CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95128. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 147 IS 4 SU S BP A554 EP A554 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA LB149 UT WOS:A1993LB14902105 ER PT J AU MYERS, WR HORNUNG, RW AF MYERS, WR HORNUNG, RW TI EVALUATION OF NEW IN-FACEPIECE SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR FULL AND HALF FACEPIECES SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORS; BIAS AB Precision and bias were determined on five different methods of conducting in-facepiece sampling. In-board penetration occurred through fixed, circular, leak geometries positioned at different areas on the face-seal of full and half facepiece negative-pressure respirators. The sampling procedures evaluated in the study were: (1) a continuous, low sampling rate, flush on the respirator, mid nose-mouth probing (CLF) procedure; (2) a continuous, high sampling rate, deep front-of-mouth probing (CHD) procedure; (3) a pulsed exhalation, deep front-of-mouth probing (PED) procedure; (4) an exhalation value discharge (EVD) procedure; and (5) a pulsed inhalation, deep front-of-mouth, probing (PID) procedure. The CLF procedure represents a recommended in-facepiece sampling procedure in the United States. Evaluations were done on populations of nine full facepiece respirators and five half facepieces. The full facepieces were not equipped with nose cups. The average sampling biases on the full facepieces were: (1) CLF procedure, -21%; (2) CHD procedure, -3%; (3) PED procedure, 0.7%; (4) EVD procedure, -14%; and (5) PID procedure, -12.3%. On the five half facepiece respirators the average sampling biases were: (1) CLF procedure, -26%; (2) CHD procedure, -13%; (3) PED procedure, -4%; (4) EVD procedure, -2%; and (5) PID procedure, -24%. The bias observed with each method was found to be affected, to some extent, by the location of the face-seal penetration. C1 NIOSH,CHIEF STAT SERV BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MYERS, WR (reprint author), W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT IND ENGN,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506, USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 1993 VL 37 IS 2 BP 151 EP 166 DI 10.1093/annhyg/37.2.151 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA LC620 UT WOS:A1993LC62000003 PM 8317852 ER PT J AU NAITO, HK KWAK, YS HARTFIEL, JL PARK, JK TRAVERS, EM MYERS, GL ROSS, JW ECKFELDT, JH HARTMANN, AE AF NAITO, HK KWAK, YS HARTFIEL, JL PARK, JK TRAVERS, EM MYERS, GL ROSS, JW ECKFELDT, JH HARTMANN, AE TI MATRIX EFFECTS ON PROFICIENCY TESTING MATERIALS - IMPACT ON ACCURACY OF CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT IN LABORATORIES IN THE NATIONS LARGEST HOSPITAL SYSTEM SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYSIS AB The objective of this collaborative study with the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), College of American Pathologists (CAP), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was to quantitate the matrix-induced biases of cholesterol measurements on the CAP Comprehensive Chemistry Surveys materials used in proficiency testing (PT). A total of 174 VA Medical Centers outpatient clinics and clinical laboratories participate in the VA-CDC National Cholesterol Standardization and Certification Program. This study was conducted in 112 VA laboratories that have been standardized for measuring cholesterol accurately (within +/- 3.0% of the CDC reference-method values) using fresh, unfrozen, unadulterated human serum samples. Fresh serum samples and 1990 CAP Surveys materials were sent by overnight mail, and the laboratories were asked to analyze them simultaneously in triplicate in a single analytic batch run. The results showed significant matrix-effect biases with the CAP Surveys materials with six of the eight major peer groups, despite the fact that accuracy of cholesterol measurements was maintained with fresh serum samples. The magnitude and direction (positive or negative) of the matrix-effect biases were instrument, reagent, and method specific using the following peer groups: du Pont Dimension (-8.9%); Beckman CX4, CX5, and CX7 (-5.5%); Kodak Ektachem 400, 500, and 700 (+4.4%); Instrumentation Laboratory Monarch (-3.1%); Baxter Paramax (-2.4%); Technicon SMAC and RA (+1.3%); Hitachi/BMD 704 through 747 (+0.4%); and Abbott Spectrum (-0.3%). The CAP PT materials used currently do not behave in a manner identical to fresh human serum when measuring cholesterol on many, but not all, analytic systems. The observed biases due to ''matrix effects' with PT materials will cause incorrect conclusions about the accuracy of many laboratory procedures performed on fresh patient specimens. This matrix-effect phenomenon will severely hamper interlaboratory accuracy transfer, standardization efforts, and monitoring performance of a laboratory's testing accuracy with the use of the current survey materials used in PT programs. Collaborative efforts are needed to (1) improve PT fluids to analytically behave more like fresh, human serum; (2) improve instrument design and reagent formulation; and (3) select methods and methodologic parameters that are more ''robust'' and less sensitive to the exact character of processed calibrators, quality control, and PT materials. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. US DEPT VET AFFAIRS,CENT OFF,PATHOL & LAB MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENNESTONE HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,MARIETTA,GA. UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. PHYSICIANS LAB,SIOUX FALLS,SD. COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,COMM CHEM RESOURCE,NORTHFIELD,IL. RP NAITO, HK (reprint author), VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,NATL CTR LAB ACCURACY & STANDARDIZAT,PATHOL & LAB MED SERV,10701 EAST BLVD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106, USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 117 IS 4 BP 345 EP 351 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KV587 UT WOS:A1993KV58700002 PM 8466396 ER PT J AU ROSS, JW MYERS, GL GILMORE, BF COOPER, GR NAITO, HR ECKFELDT, J AF ROSS, JW MYERS, GL GILMORE, BF COOPER, GR NAITO, HR ECKFELDT, J TI MATRIX EFFECTS AND THE ACCURACY OF CHOLESTEROL ANALYSIS SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM; ENZYMATIC DETERMINATION; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; DEFINITIVE METHOD; STANDARDIZATION; SUITABILITY; PROGRAM AB We found evidence of bias due to matrix effect in 70% of 37 instrument/reagent-specific systems analyzing the total cholesterol content of a lyophilized proficiency testing material. We used a computational method to remove bias due to matrix effect from the proficiency testing database. After correction for matrix effect bias and when compared with the reference method, 92% to 93% of results for three lyophilized proficiency testing samples analyzed in 1989 and 1990 met the 1992 National Cholesterol Education Program total error goal of 8.9%, and 94% to 95% met the Clinical Laboratory Improvment Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88) goal of 10%. However, compared with the definitive method for total cholesterol, the calibration bias of 41% of 37 peer groups exceeded the 1992 National Cholesterol Education Program goal for bias of 3%. Because the calibration bias of the method is incorporated into the peer group mean, use of peer group means as target values to assess result acceptability hinders advancement of the state of the art in interlaboratory comparability and the clinical effectiveness of laboratory testing. The prevalence of matrix effects has prevented successful application of accuracy-based evaluation of cholesterol test proficiency. The establishment of predictable recovery, preferably complete recovery, of cholesterol from reference materials is an important priority for cholesterol test methods. However, adjustment of proficiency testing results to remove the average bias due to matrix effects can help assess the actual state of the art in cholesterol test accuracy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CLIN CHEM STANDARIZAT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLL AMER PATHOLOGISTS,MANAGEMENT INFORMAT SYST,NORTHFIELD,IL. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,CLIN CHEM LAB SERV,CLEVELAND,OH. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RP ROSS, JW (reprint author), KENNESTONE HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & CLIN LABS,677 CHURCH ST,MARIETTA,GA 30060, USA. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 117 IS 4 BP 393 EP 400 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA KV587 UT WOS:A1993KV58700009 PM 8466403 ER PT J AU STAHL, CP WIDEMAN, CS SPIRA, TJ HAFF, EC HIXON, GJ EVATT, BL AF STAHL, CP WIDEMAN, CS SPIRA, TJ HAFF, EC HIXON, GJ EVATT, BL TI PROTEIN-S DEFICIENCY IN MEN WITH LONG-TERM HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES; ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; C4B-BINDING PROTEIN; LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HIV-INFECTION; C DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; BIOSYNTHESIS C1 US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 46 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 2021 L ST NW, SUITE 900, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 EI 1528-0020 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1801 EP 1807 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA KV696 UT WOS:A1993KV69600017 PM 8461466 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, D BUCKNER, C PARDI, D HOOPER, WC AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, D BUCKNER, C PARDI, D HOOPER, WC TI INFECTION WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUSES LEADS TO CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR AND INTERLEUKIN-6 SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; KAPPA-B; FACTOR LIF; CELLS; RECEPTOR; FAMILY; ALPHA; DIFFERENTIATION; INDUCTION; ACTIVATE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HAEMATOL & ONCOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 7 BP 1827 EP 1832 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA KV696 UT WOS:A1993KV69600020 PM 8096406 ER PT J AU COTE, TR STROUP, DF DWYER, DM HORAN, JM PETERSON, DE AF COTE, TR STROUP, DF DWYER, DM HORAN, JM PETERSON, DE TI CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE MORTALITY - A ROLE FOR ALTITUDE SO CHEST LA English DT Article AB A map of US COPD mortality rates by state suggested that the relative hypoxia of increased altitude may be independently associated with COPD mortality. This was investigated using linear regression analysis of 1986 state-specific data on COPD mortality rates, history of cigarette consumption, and altitude. County seat altitudes and county populations were used to calculate the median altitude of state residents. We found independent significant associations between COPD and both smoking and altitude. State COPD mortality rose by 1/10(5) for every 5.4 increase in mean packs consumed per capita per year or for each 95-m increase in resident altitude. There was no association between altitude and smoking. If increased altitude does contribute to COPD mortality, persons with this disease may benefit from down-migration. C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 1993 VL 103 IS 4 BP 1194 EP 1197 DI 10.1378/chest.103.4.1194 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA KV850 UT WOS:A1993KV85000042 PM 8131464 ER PT J AU LAL, RB BUCKNER, C KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE REYES, G HADLOCK, K LIPKA, J FOUNG, SKH CHAN, L COLIGAN, JE AF LAL, RB BUCKNER, C KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE REYES, G HADLOCK, K LIPKA, J FOUNG, SKH CHAN, L COLIGAN, JE TI ISOTYPIC AND IGG SUBCLASS RESTRICTION OF THE HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES TO HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HTLV-I; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; LINEAR EPITOPES; IDENTIFICATION; GP46; IMMUNIZATION; MYELOPATHY C1 GENELABS INC,REDWOOD CITY,CA. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. DIAGNOST BIOTECHNOL,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-33811]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA-06596] NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1006/clin.1993.1043 PG 10 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA KT717 UT WOS:A1993KT71700006 PM 7680300 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L CASTRO, KG WARD, JW DOOLEY, SW AF SLUTSKER, L CASTRO, KG WARD, JW DOOLEY, SW TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PERSONS WITH AIDS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS AB AIDS surveillance data reported to the Centers for Disease Control from January 1981 through December 1991 were analyzed in a study characterizing persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in the United States. Among 206,392 persons reported to have AIDS, 4,751 (2.3%) were also reported to have EPTB; of these cases, 4,257 (90%) were reported after September 1987, when the case definition for AIDS was revised to include EPTB. Seventy-six percent of persons in whom AIDS and EPTB were reported after this revision were born in the United States; among these persons, the annual percentage with EPTB in 1988-1991 ranged from 2.3% to 2.5%. The South and the Northeast accounted for 73% of EPTB cases in U.S.-born persons. U.S.-born non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio [OR], 3.3) and U.S.-born Hispanics (OR, 2.1) were more likely than U.S.-born non-Hispanic whites to be reported as having EPTB. Intravenous drug users were at higher risk (OR, 2.9) than men who reported having had sex with other men. With the resurgence of tuberculosis and the continued expansion of the HIV epidemic, these data provide a useful basis for the targeting of efforts to control tuberculosis and to prevent HIV infection. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 4 BP 513 EP 518 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KU977 UT WOS:A1993KU97700012 PM 8513057 ER PT J AU DREVLOW, BE GARRY, EM KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE FUKUDA, K RAMSEYGOLDMAN, R AF DREVLOW, BE GARRY, EM KHABBAZ, RF KAPLAN, JE FUKUDA, K RAMSEYGOLDMAN, R TI RETROVIRAL RISK-FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV,CHICAGO,IL 60611. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP A369 EP A369 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KW761 UT WOS:A1993KW76101439 ER PT J AU KATZ, MH MARX, R HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP OMALLEY, P DOLL, LS AF KATZ, MH MARX, R HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP OMALLEY, P DOLL, LS TI ACCESS TO PREVENTIVE MEDICAL-CARE FOR MEN INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP A569 EP A569 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KW761 UT WOS:A1993KW76102618 ER PT J AU NICHOL, KL LAFORCE, FM STRIKAS, RA FALTER, KH BANDEMER, CJ BARKER, WH AF NICHOL, KL LAFORCE, FM STRIKAS, RA FALTER, KH BANDEMER, CJ BARKER, WH TI IMMUNIZATION IN MEDICAL-EDUCATION SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ASSOC TEACHERS PREVENT MED,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP A561 EP A561 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KW761 UT WOS:A1993KW76102571 ER PT J AU WHALEN, C LAHART, C HOM, D SIMBERKOFF, M ELLNER, J HORSBURGH, CR AF WHALEN, C LAHART, C HOM, D SIMBERKOFF, M ELLNER, J HORSBURGH, CR TI ACCELERATED COURSE OF HIV-INFECTION AFTER TUBERCULOSIS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VA,CLEVELAND,OH. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. VA,HOUSTON,TX. BAYLOR UNIV,WACO,TX 76798. VA,NEW YORK,NY. NYU,NEW YORK,NY 10003. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP A290 EP A290 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KW761 UT WOS:A1993KW76100972 ER PT J AU XU, Y SWERLICK, R SUMMERS, S ADES, E CANDAL, F LAWLEY, T AF XU, Y SWERLICK, R SUMMERS, S ADES, E CANDAL, F LAWLEY, T TI HUVE-1 - A TRANSFORMED HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 2 BP A407 EP A407 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KW761 UT WOS:A1993KW76101648 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED WEBER, JT GURIS, D TAUXE, RV AF MINTZ, ED WEBER, JT GURIS, D TAUXE, RV TI OUTBREAK OF BRAINED TYPE CHRONIC DIARRHEA AMONG TRAVELERS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DBMD,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A747 EP A747 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95702968 ER PT J AU MINTZ, ED MISHU, B GURIS, D GRIFFIN, PM AF MINTZ, ED MISHU, B GURIS, D GRIFFIN, PM TI PREVALENCE OF BRAINERD TYPE CHRONIC DIARRHEA AMONG PATIENTS OF AGA AND ACG MEMBERS SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NCID,DBMD,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A747 EP A747 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95702966 ER PT J AU WILCOX, CM ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM SCHWARTZ, DA AF WILCOX, CM ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM SCHWARTZ, DA TI LOCALIZATION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS (HIV-1) BY INSITU HYBRIDIZATION (ISH) IN ESOPHAGEAL ULCERS - FURTHER EVIDENCE REFUTING HIV AS AN ESOPHAGEAL PATHOGEN SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1993 VL 104 IS 4 SU S BP A801 EP A801 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA KX957 UT WOS:A1993KX95703182 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED VIRAL HEPATITIS-B AND HEPATITIS-C IN THE UNITED-STATES SO GUT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON VIRAL HEPATITIS MANAGEMENT : STANDARDS FOR THE FUTURE CY MAY 22-23, 1992 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP SCHERING PLOUGH INT ID NON-A; VIRUS-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB In the United States, most reported cases of hepatitis B occur in adults as a result of behavioural, lifestyle, or occupational exposures, but a significant number of children also become infected in well defined settings. Although only 1-3% of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections occur in children under 5 years of age, they account for 20-30% of all chronic infections. A new strategy for HBV prevention in the USA includes integration of HBV vaccine into childhood immunisation schedules. Vaccination strategies that target high risk groups have not been effective. To determine the frequency and severity of community acquired chronic hepatitis C, patients with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis identified in four sentinel counties in the United States were followed prospectively. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was found in 106 (82%) of 130 patients. Ninety three per cent of the HCV positive patients had a risk factor for their infection: 59% parenteral, 6% sexual or household, and 28% low socioeconomic level. Chronic hepatitis developed in 62%, independently of the risk factor for infection. HCV-RNA persisted in most patients, including those with biochemical resolution of their hepatitis. This study suggests that HCV may be a major cause of liver disease and persistent viraemia in the United States. RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD APR PY 1993 VL 34 IS 2 SU S BP S17 EP S19 DI 10.1136/gut.34.2_Suppl.S17 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LB361 UT WOS:A1993LB36100006 PM 8314488 ER PT J AU KANE, M ALTER, M ESTEBAN, R RIZZETTO, M AF KANE, M ALTER, M ESTEBAN, R RIZZETTO, M TI ROLE OF SCREENING IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT SO GUT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON VIRAL HEPATITIS MANAGEMENT : STANDARDS FOR THE FUTURE CY MAY 22-23, 1992 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP SCHERING PLOUGH INT AB Since viral hepatitis may be the most common form of chronic viral disease in the world, strenuous attempts are being made to reduce the incidence. To achieve this, strategies are being developed by various national and international bodies involving both the immunisation and screening of certain groups of the population. These strategies are by no means universal, and the value of screening specific groups is the subject of much debate. This paper will address a number of the issues related specifically to the question of screening for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) namely (a) what is screening?; (b) why should we consider screening?; (c) who should we consider screening?; (d) what are the benefits and liabilities of screening?; (e) what constitutes an acceptable screening test?; (f) should we be screening for HBV or HCV? C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOSP UNIV VALL HEBRON,LIVER UNIT,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV TURIN,I-10124 TURIN,ITALY. RP KANE, M (reprint author), WHO,DEPT COMMUNICABLE DIS,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD APR PY 1993 VL 34 IS 2 SU S BP S45 EP S47 DI 10.1136/gut.34.2_Suppl.S45 PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA LB361 UT WOS:A1993LB36100011 PM 8314491 ER PT J AU DUMLER, JS DAWSON, JE WALKER, DH AF DUMLER, JS DAWSON, JE WALKER, DH TI HUMAN EHRLICHIOSIS - HEMATOPATHOLOGY AND IMMUNOHISTOLOGIC DETECTION OF EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EHRLICHIA; HEMATOPATHOLOGY; GRANULOMA; IMMUNOHISTOLOGY ID BONE-MARROW HYPOPLASIA; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; CANIS INFECTION; PROFILES C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT PATHOL,GALVESTON,TX 77550. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31431] NR 32 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 4 BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA KX354 UT WOS:A1993KX35400009 PM 8491479 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SR STEINER, BM CRUCE, DD PERKINS, GH ARKO, RJ AF JOHNSON, SR STEINER, BM CRUCE, DD PERKINS, GH ARKO, RJ TI CHARACTERIZATION OF A CATALASE-DEFICIENT STRAIN OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE - EVIDENCE FOR THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CATALASE IN THE BIOLOGY OF N-GONORRHEA SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; SPONTANEOUS MUTAGENESIS; DNA; REPAIR; MUTANTS; DAMAGE; PROTECTION AB We obtained a catalase-deficient (Kat-) strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from a patient who had been unsuccessfully treated with penicillin. Quantitative enzyme assays and electrophoresis of cell extracts on native polyacrylamide gels subsequently stained for catalase and peroxidase activities failed to detect both enzymes. The strain exhibited no growth anomalies or unusual requirements when grown under ordinary laboratory conditions. However, the Kat- strain proved extremely sensitive to exogenous hydrogen peroxide, and analysis of the bacterial DNA after such exposure showed extensive single-strand breakage in both chromosomal and plasmid DNAs. Partial characterization of the gonococcal catalase from a Kat+ laboratory strain revealed that the enzyme had the physical and chemical properties of both catalase and peroxidase. RP JOHNSON, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 1993 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1232 EP 1238 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KU320 UT WOS:A1993KU32000009 PM 8454325 ER PT J AU DENNIS, PJ BRENNER, DJ THACKER, WL WAIT, R VESEY, G STEIGERWALT, AG BENSON, RF AF DENNIS, PJ BRENNER, DJ THACKER, WL WAIT, R VESEY, G STEIGERWALT, AG BENSON, RF TI 5 NEW LEGIONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM WATER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID YEAST EXTRACT MEDIUM; COOLING-TOWER WATER; SP-NOV; FAMILY LEGIONELLACEAE; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT; PNEUMOPHILA; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; MEMBERS AB Fourteen Legionella-like strains isolated from aquatic sources have been characterized serologically, biochemically, and in terms of DNA relatedness. The strains grew on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar but not on blood agar and displayed phenotypic characteristics typical of the family Legionellaceae, including a requirement for cysteine, cellular fatty acid compositions in which branched-chain acids predominate, and the possession of isoprenoid quinones of the ubiquinone series with more than 10 isoprene units in their side chains. All were nonfermentative, lacked urease, were incapable of nitrate reduction, and reacted positively with a DNA probe specific for the Legionellaceae. DNA hybridization studies in which the hydroxyapatite method was used demonstrated that the strains represented five new species of the genus Legionella. Nine of the strains were more than 90% interrelated, and the name Legionella londiniensis sp. nov. is proposed for this group. Two strains formed a second hybridization group, for which the name Legionella nautarum sp. nov. is proposed, while the three remaining species, Legionella geestiana sp. nov., Legionella quateirensis sp. nov., and Legionella worsleiensis sp. nov., are each represented by a single strain. The levels of relatedness of the new species to each other are 23% or less, and the levels of relatedness to other members of the genus ranged from 0 to 36%. L. geestiana, L. nautarum, and L. londiniensis are serologically unrelated to all other known Legionella species. L. worsleiensis cannot be separated from Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4 by serological methods and is also serologically indistinguishable from L. quateirensis; distinctions may be made on the basis of fatty acid composition and biochemical reactions. C1 CTR APPL MICROBIOL & RES, PUBL HLTH LAB SERV, DIV PATHOL, SALISBURY SP4 0JG, WILTS, ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, RESP DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 43 IS 2 BP 329 EP 337 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KX917 UT WOS:A1993KX91700022 PM 8494743 ER PT J AU CHU, SY DIAZ, T AF CHU, SY DIAZ, T TI LIVING SITUATION OF WOMEN WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, SURVEILLANCE BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 431 EP 432 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KU221 UT WOS:A1993KU22100021 PM 8455151 ER PT J AU MAGNANI, G ELIA, GF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM GABRIELLI, M CHEZZI, C FANTI, F AF MAGNANI, G ELIA, GF MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM GABRIELLI, M CHEZZI, C FANTI, F TI RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI INFECTION IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV PARMA,IST ANAT PATOL,I-43100 PARMA,ITALY. UNIV PARMA,IST MICROBIOL,I-43100 PARMA,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MAGNANI, G (reprint author), UNIV PARMA,DIV MALATTIE INFETT,USL 4 PARMA,I-43100 PARMA,ITALY. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 4 BP 429 EP 430 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KU221 UT WOS:A1993KU22100019 ER PT J AU SCHNITTLER, HJ MAHNER, F DRENCKHAHN, D KLENK, HD FELDMANN, H AF SCHNITTLER, HJ MAHNER, F DRENCKHAHN, D KLENK, HD FELDMANN, H TI REPLICATION OF MARBURG VIRUS IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS - A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE FILOVIRIDAE; HEMORRHAGIC FEVER; SHOCK SYNDROME; HUMAN UMBILICAL CORD VEIN; ENDOTHELIUM ID EBOLA VIRUS; PERMEABILITY; MICROSCOPY; PROTEIN; SHOCK AB Marburg and Ebola virus, members of the family Filoviridae, cause a severe hemorrhagic disease in humans and primates. The disease is characterized as a pantropic virus infection often resulting in a fulminating shock associated with hemorrhage, and death. All known histological and pathophysiological parameters of the disease are not sufficient to explain the devastating symptoms. Previous studies suggested a nonspecific destruction of the endothelium as a possible mechanism. Concerning the important regulatory functions of the endotbelium (blood pressure, antithrombogenicity, homeostasis), we examined Marburg virus replication in primary cultures of human endothelial cells and organ cultures of human umbilical cord veins. We show here that Marburg virus replicates in endothelial cells almost as well as in monkey kidney cells commonly used for virus propagation. Our data support the concept that the destruction of endothelial cells resulting from Marburg virus replication is a possible mechanism responsible for the hemorrhagic disease and the shock syndrome typical of this infection. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. UNIV WURZBURG,INST ANAT,W-8700 WURZBURG,GERMANY. NR 32 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1301 EP 1309 DI 10.1172/JCI116329 PG 9 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KY052 UT WOS:A1993KY05200008 PM 8473483 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC CRAWFORD, JT HUEBNER, RE GEITER, LJ HORSBURGH, CR GOOD, RC AF TENOVER, FC CRAWFORD, JT HUEBNER, RE GEITER, LJ HORSBURGH, CR GOOD, RC TI THE RESURGENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS - IS YOUR LABORATORY READY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 278 Z9 285 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 767 EP 770 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500001 PM 8463384 ER PT J AU HUEBNER, RE GOOD, RC TOKARS, JI AF HUEBNER, RE GOOD, RC TOKARS, JI TI CURRENT PRACTICES IN MYCOBACTERIOLOGY - RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF STATE PUBLIC-HEALTH LABORATORIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION AB Fifty-six state and territorial public health laboratories were surveyed to determine whether currently available rapid methods for the identification and drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were being performed. Forty (71%) laboratories use fluorochrome rather than conventional basic fuchsin stains for screening clinical specimens for acid-fast bacilli. Of the 55 laboratories that routinely culture for mycobacteria, 16 (29%) use the more rapid radiometric methods. Species identification of isolates is done by biochemical tests in 13 (23%) laboratories; 40 (72%) use nucleic acid probes, high-performance liquid chromatography, or the BACTEC p-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone (NAP) test (rapid tests); 3 laboratories do not perform species identification. Drug susceptibility testing is performed with solid media by 36 of 45 (180%) laboratories, while the more rapid radiometric methods are used by 9 (20%) laboratories. Compared with the laboratories that use conventional methods, laboratories that use rapid methods report results more quickly: for species identification, 43 days (conventional) versus 22 days (rapid); for drug susceptibility testing, 44 days (conventional) versus 31 days (rapid) from specimen processing. Rapid technologies for microscopy and species identification are being used by many, but not all, state and territorial public health laboratories; however, most laboratories do not use the more rapid radiometric methods for routine culture or drug susceptibility testing of mycobacteria. Implementation of such rapid technologies can shorten turnaround times for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and recognition of drug resistance. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HUEBNER, RE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 771 EP 775 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500002 PM 8463385 ER PT J AU DALY, JS WORTHINGTON, MG BRENNER, DJ MOSS, CW HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS STEIGERWALT, AG WEAVER, RE DANESHVAR, MI OCONNOR, SP AF DALY, JS WORTHINGTON, MG BRENNER, DJ MOSS, CW HOLLIS, DG WEYANT, RS STEIGERWALT, AG WEAVER, RE DANESHVAR, MI OCONNOR, SP TI ROCHALIMAEA-ELIZABETHAE SP-NOV ISOLATED FROM A PATIENT WITH ENDOCARDITIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS; AGENT; PROTEOBACTERIA; RICKETTSIAE; PROPOSAL; BACILLUS; SEQUENCE; STRAIN AB A Rochalimaea-like organism (strain F9251) was isolated from a patient with endocarditis after blood drawn for culture before antimicrobial therapy was subcultured onto blood and chocolate agars and incubated for 2 weeks in 5% CO2. The strain was phenotypically similar to known Rochalimaea species. The cellular fatty acid composition of strain F9251 was close to but distinct from those of the three known Rochalimaea species and was most similar to that of R. vinsonii. Labeled DNA from strain F9251 was 59 to 67% related to DNAs from type strains of the three described Rochalimaea species, and its 16S rRNA gene sequence was 98.9% or more homologous to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. These findings support classification of F9251 as a new Rochalimaea species, for which the name Rochalimaea elizabethae sp. nov. is proposed. The patient infected with the organism had large bacterial vegetations on his aortic valve and was cured with antibiotics and valve-replacement surgery. Recognition of the procedures required to identify this and other Rochalimaea species suggests that clinical laboratories should prolong the incubation times of cultures of blood and tissue from patients with suspected endocarditis, patients with fever of unknown origin, and immunocompromised patients with fever so that the full spectrum of disease caused by these organisms can be recognized. C1 TUFTS UNIV,ST ELIZABETHS HOSP,SCH MED,BRIGHTON,MA 02135. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DALY, JS (reprint author), UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,MED CTR CENT MASSACHUSETTS,WORCESTER,MA 01605, USA. NR 53 TC 315 Z9 330 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 872 EP 881 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500021 PM 7681847 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, MA PATTON, CM AF NICHOLSON, MA PATTON, CM TI EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL ANTISERA FOR SEROTYPING HEAT-LABILE ANTIGENS OF CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI AND CAMPYLOBACTER-COLI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; STABLE ANTIGENS; STRAINS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; DIFFERENTIATION; FLAGELLA; DIARRHEA; PENNER AB Commercial antisera for serotyping 22 heat-labile antigens of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were evaluated by using 66 isolates from human and nonhuman sources. Test results were compared with results of tests using antisera produced at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, Ga. All strains (three isolates of each of the 22 serotypes) were typeable with the CDC antisera. Of 66 test strains, 39 (59%) were typed as the same serotype with both sets of antisera. Twenty-four strains (36%), including two heat-labile serotype reference strains, were nonreactive with the commercial antisera, and three strains (4.5%) were typed as serotypes different from those obtained with CDC antisera. Five of the 22 commercial antisera correctly serotyped all homologous strains. Our study indicated that two polyvalent antiserum pools, 7 unabsorbed antisera, and 16 absorbed monovalent antisera are weak and need modification to enhance their antibody titers. Further studies are necessary to explain the antigenic change to a different serotype in three strains. RP NICHOLSON, MA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 900 EP 903 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500025 PM 8463402 ER PT J AU MIDTHUN, K GREENBERG, HB KURTZ, JB GARY, GW LIN, FY KAPIKIAN, AZ AF MIDTHUN, K GREENBERG, HB KURTZ, JB GARY, GW LIN, FY KAPIKIAN, AZ TI CHARACTERIZATION AND SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF A TYPE-5 ASTROVIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH AN OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS IN MARIN-COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; MOUNTAIN AGENT GASTROENTERITIS; NON-BACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNE ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TO-PERSON SPREAD; SNOW MOUNTAIN; NORWALK VIRUS; EPIDEMIC GASTROENTERITIS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; CHILDREN AB The Marin County strain of type 5 astrovirus was associated with two separate outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in California in 1978. A safety-tested, bacterium-free filtrate prepared from a stool specimen of an individual who was ill during the original outbreak was given orally to 19 adult volunteers. One volunteer developed a gastrointestinal illness, and nine had serologic responses. Several diarrheal stool specimens from the ill volunteer contained a large number of 27-nm particles. By using immune electron microscopy with acute- and convalescent-phase sera from the original outbreak, these 27-nm particles were shown to be identical to the viral inoculum. The Marin County virus, purified from the stool of the ill volunteer, was shown by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to contain a single structural protein with a molecular weight of 30,000. The buoyant density of the virion was 1.39 g/cm3 in cesium chloride. By electron microscopy, approximately 5% of the particles had the characteristic stellate configuration of astrovirus, and serologic studies by immunofluorescence technique confirmed previous classification of the Marin County virus as a type 5 astrovirus. Radioimmunoassay and biotin-avidin immunoassay were used to detect antibody to the Marin County virus in paired acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 32 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis, but none of these outbreaks could be attributed to this virus. Prevalence of antibody to this strain of astrovirus was approximately 13% in children 6 months to 3 years of age and increased to 41% in older children and young adults. C1 NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,DEPT VIROL,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR CLIN EPIDEMIOL,DEPT HLTH & MENTAL HYG,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 50 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 955 EP 962 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500034 PM 8385155 ER PT J AU HOLMES, B MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI AF HOLMES, B MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI TI CELLULAR FATTY-ACID COMPOSITIONS OF ACHROMOBACTER GROUP-B AND GROUP-E SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CAT SCRATCH DISEASE; HUMAN BLOOD; GEN-NOV; PATTERNS; STRAINS AB Strains of ''Achromobacter groups B and E'' were examined for cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. The CFAs were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The CFA profiles of the two groups were identical and were distinct from CFA profiles of all other bacteria we have previously tested. These data provide support for results from whole-cell protein pattern analysis and DNA-DNA and rRNA-DNA hybridization studies, which show that ''Achromobacter groups B and E'' are biotypes of a single new genus and species. C1 CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,NATL COLLECT TYPE CULTURES,IDENTIFICAT SERV LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1007 EP 1008 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KT445 UT WOS:A1993KT44500047 PM 8463379 ER PT J AU BLOLAND, PB LACKRITZ, EM KAZEMBE, PN WERE, JBO STEKETEE, R CAMPBELL, CC AF BLOLAND, PB LACKRITZ, EM KAZEMBE, PN WERE, JBO STEKETEE, R CAMPBELL, CC TI BEYOND CHLOROQUINE - IMPLICATIONS OF DRUG-RESISTANCE FOR EVALUATING MALARIA THERAPY EFFICACY AND TREATMENT POLICY IN AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CHILDREN AB Emphasis on retaining chloroquine as the first-line therapy for Plasmodiumfalciparum infections in most of sub-Saharan Africa for as long as it remains effective has resulted in widespread reliance on chloroquine in areas where it can have little effect on P. falciparum parasitemia. To address this issue, clinical, parasitologic, and hematologic responses to chloroquine or pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine treatment were assessed among very young children in Malawi (n = 153) and Kenya (n = 73). The median time to resumption of clinical symptoms in chloroquine-treated children was 13.5 days in Malawi and 9.5 days in Kenya. Children treated with pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine maintained clinical improvement and had greater increases in their hemoglobin concentration during the follow-up period than did children treated with chloroquine. Treatment with chloroquine failed to produce either a durable clinical improvement or optimal hematologic recovery. Consequently, chloroquine can no longer be considered adequately effective therapy of clinical P. falciparum malaria in very young children in these areas of Africa. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. MALAWI MINIST HLTH,LILONGWE,MALAWI. NR 14 TC 235 Z9 238 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1993 VL 167 IS 4 BP 932 EP 937 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KU086 UT WOS:A1993KU08600020 PM 8450258 ER PT J AU TROWBRIDGE, FL HARRIS, SS COOK, J DUNN, JT FLORENTINO, RF KODYAT, BA MANNAR, MGV REDDY, V TONTISIRIN, K UNDERWOOD, BA YIP, R AF TROWBRIDGE, FL HARRIS, SS COOK, J DUNN, JT FLORENTINO, RF KODYAT, BA MANNAR, MGV REDDY, V TONTISIRIN, K UNDERWOOD, BA YIP, R TI COORDINATED STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION - A TECHNICAL WORKSHOP SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION; IODINE; IRON; VITAMIN-A; HUMANS ID INTERVENTIONS; DEFICIENCY AB Participants in a November 1991 workshop concluded that coordinated strategies for controlling malnutrition due to iodine, iron, vitamin A and other micronutrients deficiencies are technically feasible and should be given consideration in planning control efforts. Coordinated surveys involving clinical, biochemical and dietary assessment of multiple micronutrients are feasible. Multiple fortification is also possible using such vehicles as salt, processed rice or sugar. Supplementation efforts can be integrated with existing health care programs. Food-based strategies are also effective. The best examples have been community-based and have included a strong nutrition and health education component designed to change food consumption patterns, improve food preservation and preparation practices, and link income-generating activities with food production activities. Successful coordinated efforts will require a strong political commitment and a supportive infrastructure. Specific recommendations include the formation of national coordinating bodies for micronutrient deficiency control, establishment of a micronutrient information network and expansion of technical exchange and training. C1 INT LIFE SCI INST RES FDN,INST HUMAN NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20036. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DIV HEMATOL,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103. UNIV VIRGINIA,SCH MED,INT COUNCIL CONTROL IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. FOOD & NUTR INST,MANILA 1000,PHILIPPINES. MINIST HLTH,DIRECTORATE NUTR,JAKARTA 12950,INDONESIA. NATL INST NUTR,HYDERABAD 500007,ANDHRA PRADESH,INDIA. MAHIDOL UNIV SALAYA,INST NUTR,NAKHON PATHOM 73170,THAILAND. NEI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 123 IS 4 BP 775 EP 787 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KU909 UT WOS:A1993KU90900021 PM 8463879 ER PT J AU ROSCOE, RJ STEENLAND, K MCCAMMON, CS SCHOBER, SE ROBINSON, CF HALPERIN, WE FINGERHUT, MA AF ROSCOE, RJ STEENLAND, K MCCAMMON, CS SCHOBER, SE ROBINSON, CF HALPERIN, WE FINGERHUT, MA TI COLON AND STOMACH-CANCER MORTALITY AMONG AUTOMOTIVE WOOD MODEL MAKERS - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP ROSCOE, RJ (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1993 VL 35 IS 4 BP 346 EP & PG 0 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KX342 UT WOS:A1993KX34200002 ER PT J AU GREIFE, AL WARSHAWSKY, D AF GREIFE, AL WARSHAWSKY, D TI INFLUENCE OF THE DOSE LEVELS OF COCARCINOGEN FERRIC-OXIDE ON THE METABOLISM OF BENZO[A]PYRENE BY PULMONARY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES IN SUSPENSION-CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ISOLATED PERFUSED LUNG; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; RABBIT LUNG; MUTAGENICITY; PARTICULATE; HAMSTER; CARCINOGENICITY; BENZO(A)PYRENE; PARTICLES; CELLS AB The concurrent administration of a cocarcinogenic carrier particle such as ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon lung carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) results in a decreased latency and an increased incidence in the production of lung tumors in hamsters compared to the administration of BaP alone. The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (AM), the primary lung defense cell has been shown to endocytize BaP, metabolize BaP to a more biologically active form, and then release the metabolites. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine in a dose-response manner the effect of AM phagocytosis of a carrier particle (Fe2O3) on the metabolism of a carcinogen (BaP) and on the production of reactive oxygen. The AM were lavaged from hamsters and cultured in suspension 2.5 x 10(6) cells/vial) with BaP (62.5 nmol, C-14 labeled) alone or adsorbed onto 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg Fe2O3 in the presence of cytochrome c. Following separate ethyl acetate extractions of the AM and medium, the metabolites were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The production of superoxide anions was monitored by the reduction of cytochrome c. Concurrent exposure of AM to BaP-coated Fe2O3 resulted in a significant increase in the amount of BaP metabolites and superoxide anions produced with dose of Fe2O3. The following metabolites were identified in both the medium and the AM. 9,10-dihydrodiol, 7,8-dihydrodiol, 4,5-dihydrodiol, 9-hydroxy, 3-hydroxy, and 3,6-quinone. In general, the 7,8-dihydrodiol, which is considered to be the precursor of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of BaP, and superoxide anions, which have been shown to produce localized lipid peroxidation and edema in vivo, were significantly enhanced (p = .05, Duncan's multiple comparison test) in AM exposed to all doses of Fe2O3 when compared to AM exposed to BaP alone. This Fe2O3 dose-related enhancement of superoxide anion production is indicative of increased endocytic capacity resulting in a greater amount of total metabolites being produced, in particular, the dihydrodiols of BaP, which are considered to be products of the active metabolic pathway of BaP C1 UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [OHO2277] NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 38 IS 4 BP 399 EP 417 DI 10.1080/15287399309531728 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA KZ666 UT WOS:A1993KZ66600006 PM 8386775 ER PT J AU BABANIYI, OA SPIEGEL, RA AF BABANIYI, OA SPIEGEL, RA TI STATUS OF EPI IN NIGERIA - NEED FOR SUSTAINING IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID CHILDHOOD PREVENTABLE DISEASES; EXPANDED PROGRAM; MORBIDITY C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BABANIYI, OA (reprint author), COMBATTING CHILDHOOD COMMUNICABLE DIS PROJECT,LAGOS,NIGERIA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS UNITED KINGDOM PI OXFORD PA WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0142-6338 J9 J TROP PEDIATRICS JI J. Trop. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 114 EP 116 PG 3 WC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine SC Pediatrics; Tropical Medicine GA LA595 UT WOS:A1993LA59500012 PM 8492362 ER PT J AU PHILIPP, CS CALLAWAY, C CHU, MC HUANG, GH MONATH, TP TRENT, D EVATT, BL AF PHILIPP, CS CALLAWAY, C CHU, MC HUANG, GH MONATH, TP TRENT, D EVATT, BL TI REPLICATION OF COLORADO TICK FEVER VIRUS WITHIN HUMAN HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC ANALYSIS AB Significant neutropenia, as well as thrombocytopenia and a mild anemia, occurs in patients infected with Colorado tick fever virus. In this study, human bone marrow CD34+ cells and KG-1a cells, a human hematopoietic progenitor cell line, were infected in vitro with Colorado tick fever virus. The time course and morphological appearance of viral replication in human progenitor cells were similar to those seen in erythroblasts and in HEL cells and suggest one possible mechanism for the clinical hematologic findings. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ORAVAY BIOL INC,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP PHILIPP, CS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 4 BP 2389 EP 2395 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA KT980 UT WOS:A1993KT98000078 PM 8445735 ER PT J AU OLIVER, JC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM FAVERO, MS AF OLIVER, JC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW ARDUINO, MJ MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM FAVERO, MS TI CYTOKINE KINETICS IN AN INVITRO WHOLE-BLOOD MODEL FOLLOWING AN ENDOTOXIN CHALLENGE SO LYMPHOKINE AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS INVITRO; SEPTIC SHOCK; FACTOR TNF; ALPHA; PLASMA; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; IMMUNOASSAYS; EXPRESSION; CACHECTIN AB Whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture models have been used to study cytokine stimulation and release in vitro. In this study, we characterize the kinetics of the interleukins (IL-1beta), (IL-6), (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) following an endotoxin (ET) challenge using our in vitro whole blood model. Whole blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers were studied. All cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Peak concentrations of TNF-alpha occurred 2 h after ET challenge followed by a rapid decline in free plasma TNF-alpha concentration (half-life 18.2 min). IL-1beta was not significantly elevated until 4 h after ET challenge. IL-8 was elevated 1 h after ET challenge. IL-6 concentration exhibited a biphasic peak occurring at 6 and 74 h after ET challenge. We conclude that (1) our whole blood in vitro model produces cytokine release kinetics similar to those reported in vivo, and (2) the presence of either binding proteins or cellular metabolism of TNF-alpha. in whole blood produces a similar plasma half-life to that observed in vivo. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,HOSP ENVIRONM LAB,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP OLIVER, JC (reprint author), DIALYSIS CLIN INC,820 W PEACHTREE ST,ATLANTA,GA 30308, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 22 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0277-6766 J9 LYMPHOKINE CYTOK RES JI Lymphokine Cytokine Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA LA901 UT WOS:A1993LA90100009 PM 8324076 ER PT J AU BENAVIDES, GR SULLIVAN, JJ STEURER, F MCGRAW, RA TARLETON, RL AF BENAVIDES, GR SULLIVAN, JJ STEURER, F MCGRAW, RA TARLETON, RL TI DIFFERENTIATION OF TRYPANOSOMATID SPECIES BY HYBRIDIZATION TO SELECTED RIBOSOMAL-RNA PROBES SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE KINETOPLASTIDA; TRYPANOSOME; LEISHMANIA; 28S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PROTOZOA PARASITES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; DIAGNOSIS ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; CRUZI; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; DIAGNOSIS; DOMAIN C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT ZOOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV GEORGIA,SCH VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATHENS,GA 30602. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI07322, AI22070] NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD APR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1993.1012 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA LB940 UT WOS:A1993LB94000001 PM 8321256 ER PT J AU VANASSENDELFT, OW AF VANASSENDELFT, OW TI SI UNITS EXPLAINED SO NATURE LA English DT Letter RP VANASSENDELFT, OW (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 362 IS 6419 BP 388 EP 388 DI 10.1038/362388c0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KV424 UT WOS:A1993KV42400020 PM 8464462 ER PT J AU POLISH, LB GINIER, P AF POLISH, LB GINIER, P TI TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS ASSOCIATED WITH A FINGERSTICK DEVICE - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,FRESNO,CA 93703. RP POLISH, LB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 13 BP 969 EP 969 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KU177 UT WOS:A1993KU17700030 ER PT J AU HANKINSON, JL WAGNER, GR AF HANKINSON, JL WAGNER, GR TI MEDICAL SCREENING USING PERIODIC SPIROMETRY FOR DETECTION OF CHRONIC LUNG-DISEASE SO OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS LA English DT Article AB Medical screening is a process intended to identify disease occurrence early in its progression when effective interventions having a beneficial impact on disease outcome can be applied. Screening involves the administration of a test, or a series of tests, which are available and acceptable to the participant and which have reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.22,29 Medical screening of workers exposed to potential respiratory hazards can be a valuable tool in early recognition of occupational lung diseases and can contribute to the prevention of disability. Considering lung function as a continuous variable in an individual, someone moving over time from normal lung function (by any relevant measure) to abnormal passes through an intermediate status of being not yet disabled. Since medical screening seeks to identify individuals as early as possible during that transition, when appropriate interventions can be adopted to preserve health, performing lung function tests periodically holds some promise. For example, in Figure 1, Subjects A and C have a normal forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) with the usual amount of variability. The challenge of interpreting longitudinal spirometry is to identify Subject B early enough in the disease process to intervene and perhaps prevent the decline in lung function seen at age 60. Many pulmonary function tests, including some routine ones, are inappropriate for worksite medical screening. The more sensitive tests tend to be more variable and require more sophisticated instrumentation, training, and interpretation. Of the pulmonary function tests available, spirometry is most widely accepted as the test of choice for medical screening. Spirometry is simple to administer, inexpensive, and safe, and it can be reasonably sensitive for the detection of lung disease. Other tests, such as the single-breath diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)), which are useful in clinical practice, have limited current application in screening programs. Standardization of instrumentation, reference values, and interpretation remains incomplete, although the American Thoracic Society (ATS) has published standard recommendations for the DL(CO) test.1 Interpretation of periodic spirometry testing of exposed workers may be a useful addition to single-test assessment in the identification of individuals early in the process of developing lung disease. Multiple examinations over time compared with one another may be more sensitive than a single examination compared to expected values from a reference population. When an individual test subject is used as his or her own ''control'' with current values compared to their own baseline, other factors used to reduce cross-sectional variability (age, height, gender, race) may no longer be relevant. Since workers are often, on average, healthier than the general population upon entering the workforce, longitudinal spirometry may allow earlier identification of a worker experiencing an excessive pulmonary capacity loss before this loss would be apparent through conventional cross-sectional testing and interpretation. This may be particularly true for workers whose initial FEV1 values are above average (>100% of predicted). RP HANKINSON, JL (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 0 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 0885-114X J9 OCCUP MED JI Occup. Med.-State Art Rev. PD APR-JUN PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 353 EP 361 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LF943 UT WOS:A1993LF94300009 PM 8506511 ER PT J AU RODGERS, DV GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE AF RODGERS, DV GINDLER, JS ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE TI HIGH ATTACK RATES AND CASE FATALITY DURING A MEASLES OUTBREAK IN GROUPS WITH RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION TO VACCINATION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MEASLES; MEASLES VACCINE; RELIGIOUS EXEMPT GROUPS; IMMUNIZATION LAWS AB Beginning in October, 1990, a large measles outbreak involving predominantly unvaccinated preschool age children occurred in Philadelphia. By June, 1991, 938 measles cases had been reported to the Philadelphia Health Department. In addition to these cases, 486 cases and 6 measles-associated deaths occurred between November 4, 1990, and March 24, 1991, among members of 2 Philadelphia church groups that do not accept vaccination. We identified measles cases and collected information on symptoms and potential risk factors for complications. Telephone interviews were conducted to collect demographic and clinical information on measles cases in church member households. We identified 486 measles cases among 892 mostly unvaccinated church members. Age-specific attack rates were highest among children 1 to 4 years of age (94%) and 5 to 14 years of age (91%). Five (83%) of the 6 deaths occurred in females, 3 of whom had underlying illnesses. The overall case-fatality rate was 1.2%. The case-fatality rate was 2% for females, 0.4% for males (P = 0.22), 1.7% for primary cases and 0.7% for secondary household cases (P = 0.67). Only one of the children who died had received medical care. Measles spread rapidly in this group, sparing few susceptible individuals. Lack of medical care and underlying disease appear to have contributed to the high case-fatality rate in the church communities. RP RODGERS, DV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1097/00006454-199304000-00006 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KW848 UT WOS:A1993KW84800006 PM 8483622 ER PT J AU DIETZ, VJ ZELL, ER STEVENSON, J AF DIETZ, VJ ZELL, ER STEVENSON, J TI DEFINING DELAYED IMMUNIZATION SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE DELAYED IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION RP DIETZ, VJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 4 BP 353 EP 354 DI 10.1097/00006454-199304000-00022 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KW848 UT WOS:A1993KW84800022 PM 8329063 ER PT J AU FUTTERMAN, D HEIN, K REUBEN, N DELL, R SHAFFER, N AF FUTTERMAN, D HEIN, K REUBEN, N DELL, R SHAFFER, N TI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED ADOLESCENTS - THE 1ST 50 PATIENTS IN A NEW-YORK-CITY PROGRAM SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOLESCENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; SEXUAL ABUSE; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SUBSTANCE ABUSE ID UNITED-STATES; RISK; AIDS AB To address the unique manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents aged 13 through 21 years, a comprehensive evaluation and treatment program for high-risk and HIV-positive adolescents was developed in New York City in 1987. Among HIV-infected youth, mean age of testing was 18.2 years. One third of the HIV-positive patients were female and four fifths were African-American or Hispanic. No significant differences were found between HIV-positive (n = 50) and HIV-negative (n = 43) patients for age at first intercourse, injecting or other illicit drug use, history of sexually transmitted diseases, or survival sex (exchange of sex for money or drugs). HIV-positive males were more likely than HIV-negative males to have engaged in anal intercourse and to report a history of sexual abuse. Among infected females, 82% acquired HIV through heterosexual intercourse. Almost half (48%) of HIV-positive adolescents had significant immune dysfunction at the time of their initial visit (CD4 < 500/mm3) and were eligible for zidovudine. Many HIV-positive adolescents continued high-risk behaviors such as intercourse without condoms, particularly those with ongoing dependence on drugs or alcohol. With the epidemic of HIV infection increasing nationwide among adolescents, specialized, comprehensive programs are needed to counsel and treat HIV-infected adolescents and youth in high-risk situations. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FUTTERMAN, D (reprint author), ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,MONTEFIORE MED CTR,ADOLESCENT AIDS PROGRAM,111 E 210 ST,NW674,BRONX,NY 10467, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64 CCU202940-2, BRHP 02050-02-0] NR 31 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 730 EP 735 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KW567 UT WOS:A1993KW56700008 PM 8464659 ER PT J AU GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM AF GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM TI DOES PROLONGED BREAST-FEEDING IMPAIR CHILD GROWTH - A CRITICAL-REVIEW SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; MALNUTRITION; GROWTH; NUTRITION ID NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; RURAL BANGLADESH; SURVIVAL; HEALTH; BRAZIL AB Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that children in developing countries who terminate breast-feeding before their first birthday are less likely to be malnourished than those who are breast-fed for longer durations. This finding calls into question the advice women are given to breast-feed as long as possible. This review examines several studies that found a relationship between prolonged breast-feeding and malnutrition. Many studies have shown a negative association between prolonged breast-feeding and growth, but there is little reason to expect the association to be causal. Problems in study design and analysis, such as failure to control for confounding and reverse causality, leave the nature of the association largely unspecified. RP GRUMMERSTRAWN, LM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,MAILSTOP K35,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 766 EP 771 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KW567 UT WOS:A1993KW56700015 PM 8464664 ER PT J AU HALL, CB MARGOLIS, HS AF HALL, CB MARGOLIS, HS TI HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION - PREMONITIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF PEDIATRICIANS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP HALL, CB (reprint author), UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT PEDIAT & MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14642, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 4 BP 841 EP 842 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KW567 UT WOS:A1993KW56700032 PM 8385310 ER PT J AU KONG, TH COATES, ARM BUTCHER, PD HICKMAN, CJ SHINNICK, TM AF KONG, TH COATES, ARM BUTCHER, PD HICKMAN, CJ SHINNICK, TM TI MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS EXPRESSES 2 CHAPERONIN-60 HOMOLOGS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; STRESS PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BOVIS BCG; 65-KILODALTON ANTIGEN; MAJOR ANTIGEN; LYMPHOCYTES-T; GENE; CLONING AB A 65-kDa protein and a 10-kDa protein are two of the more strongly immunoreactive components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. The 65-kDa antigen has homology with members of the GroEL or chaperonin-60 (Cpn60) family of heat shock proteins. The 10-kDa antigen has homology with the GroES or chaperonin-10 family of heat shock proteins. These two proteins are encoded by separate genes in M. tuberculosis. The studies reported here reveal that M. tuberculosis contains a second Cpn60 homolog located 98 bp downstream of the 10-kDa antigen gene. The second Cpn60 homolog (Cpn60-1) displays 61% amino acid sequence identity with the 65-kDa antigen (Cpn60-2) and 53% and 41% identity with the Escherichia coli GroEL protein and the human P60 protein, respectively. Primer-extension analysis revealed that transcription starts 29 bp upstream of the translation start of the Cpn60-1 homolog and protein purification studies indicate that the cpn60-1 gene is expressed as an almost-equal-to 60-kDa polypeptide. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KONG, TH (reprint author), ST GEORGE HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,DIV MOLEC MICROBIOL,LONDON SW17 0RE,ENGLAND. NR 40 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 1 PY 1993 VL 90 IS 7 BP 2608 EP 2612 DI 10.1073/pnas.90.7.2608 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KV975 UT WOS:A1993KV97500012 PM 7681982 ER PT J AU ARMSTRONG, TJ BUCKLE, P FINE, LJ HAGBERG, M JONSSON, B KILBOM, A KUORINKA, IAA SILVERSTEIN, BA SJOGAARD, G VIIKARIJUNTURA, ERA AF ARMSTRONG, TJ BUCKLE, P FINE, LJ HAGBERG, M JONSSON, B KILBOM, A KUORINKA, IAA SILVERSTEIN, BA SJOGAARD, G VIIKARIJUNTURA, ERA TI A CONCEPTUAL-MODEL FOR WORK-RELATED NECK AND UPPER-LIMB MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Review DE CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; DOSE-RESPONSE; FATIGUE; NERVE PATHOGENESIS; REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURIES; TENDINITIS; TENDON AND MUSCLE DISORDER; WORK-RELATED DISORDERS ID CARPAL-TUNNEL SYNDROME; CHRONIC TRAPEZIUS MYALGIA; OCCUPATIONAL MUSCLE PAIN; SERUM CREATINE-KINASE; SHOULDER PAIN; BLOOD-FLOW; INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE; ENGINEERING INDUSTRY; UPPER EXTREMITY; MEDIAN NERVE AB This paper presents a conceptual model for the pathogenesis of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, The model contains sets of cascading exposure, dose, capacity, and response variables, such that response at one level can act as dose at the next. Response to one or more doses can diminish or increase the capacity for responding to successive doses. The model is used as a framework for discussing the development of work-related muscle, tendon, and nerve disorders. It is intended as a beginning, to be modified to explain new findings as they become available. In research, it can help to identify areas needing additional data for the development and expression of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Researchers can use it to design laboratory and field studies. In practice, it demonstrates the relationship between common exposure factors and different responses. This information can be used to evaluate and design jobs for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. C1 UNIV SURREY,ROBENS INST IND & ENVIRONM HLTH & SAFETY,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND. NATL INST OCCUPAT HLTH,SOLNA,SWEDEN. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT LABOR & IND,SAFETY & HLTH ASSESSMENT & RES PROGRAM,OLYMPIA,WA. NATL INST OCCUPAT HLTH,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. INST OCCUPAT HLTH,SF-00290 HELSINKI 29,FINLAND. RP ARMSTRONG, TJ (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,CTR ERGONOM,1205 BEAL IOE BLDG,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Buckle, Peter/A-4387-2008 NR 99 TC 336 Z9 342 U1 1 U2 28 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB912 UT WOS:A1993LB91200001 PM 8316782 ER PT J AU WALKER, JT BLOOM, TF STERN, FB OKUN, AH FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE AF WALKER, JT BLOOM, TF STERN, FB OKUN, AH FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE TI MORTALITY OF WORKERS EMPLOYED IN SHOE MANUFACTURING SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ACETONE; HEXANE; LEUKEMIA; LUNG CANCER; METHYL ETHYL KETONE; OCCUPATIONAL CANCER; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SHOE INDUSTRY; TOLUENE ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; LUNG-CANCER; BENZENE; LEUKEMIA; SMOKING; COHORT; EXPOSURE; HEALTH AB A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among 7814 white shoe manufacturing workers followed from 1940 through 1982. The workers were potentially exposed to solvents (including toluene) and solvent-based adhesives. Benzene may have been present as an impurity of toluene. Mortality due to leukemia and aleukemia was not statistically significantly elevated. Statistically significant excess mortality due to cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung was observed in the total cohort [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 147, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 120-1801 and showed a statistically significant trend in standardized relative risk with increasing potential latency, but not with increasing duration of employment. Chronic nonmalignant respiratory disease was significantly elevated among the men (SMR 158, 95% CI 114-217) but was less than expected among the women (SMR 79), a finding suggesting a possible contribution of smoking to the mortality from respiratory cancer. However, adjustment for the potential effects of smoking did not completely eliminate the increased risk for lung cancer. RP WALKER, JT (reprint author), NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LAB,R-42,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB912 UT WOS:A1993LB91200003 PM 8316784 ER PT J AU BOXER, PA WILD, D AF BOXER, PA WILD, D TI PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND ALCOHOL-USE AMONG FIRE FIGHTERS SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ALCOHOLISM; DEPRESSION; WORK STRESS ID MENTAL-HEALTH; HEART-RATE; STRESS; ECG; FIREFIGHTERS; WORKERS AB Few studies have investigated stressors to which fire fighters are subjected and the potential psychological consequences. One hundred and forty-five fire fighters were studied to enumerate potential occupational stressors, assess psychological distress and problems with alcohol use, and determine whether a relationship exists between these measures and self-reported stressors. Hearing that children are in a burning building was the highest ranked stressor. According to three self-report instruments, between 33 and 41% of the fire fighters were experiencing significant psychological distress, and 29% had possible or probable problems with alcohol use. These figures are significantly higher than would be expected in a typical community or working population. In a logistic regression analysis, no relationship was found between measures of psychological distress and alcohol use and the 10 most highly ranked work stressors. RP BOXER, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,MS R41,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD APR PY 1993 VL 19 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LB912 UT WOS:A1993LB91200008 PM 8316779 ER PT J AU WANG, J NDOU, TT WARNER, IM PAU, CP AF WANG, J NDOU, TT WARNER, IM PAU, CP TI SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS AND DRUG-BINDING STUDIES OF THE CNBR FRAGMENTS OF HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN SO TALANTA LA English DT Article ID CYANOGEN-BROMIDE FRAGMENTS; BILIRUBIN-BINDING; SITE AB Three large fragments (A, B and C) of human serum albumin (HSA) were produced by cyanogen bromide digestion of HSA in order to investigate the specific binding sites. The fragments were isolated by use of gel filtration, followed by high performance ion exchange chromatography. The isolated fragments were examined by use of UV/Vis, steady-state fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The study was extended to examine the interactions of bilirubin and two anionic drugs, warfarin and naproxen, with HSA and the three fragments. The primary bilirubin binding site on HSA molecule appeared to be located between fragment A and fragment C. The results also suggest the binding sites of the two anionic drugs to most likely be located in fragment C of HSA molecule. C1 EMORY UNIV HOSP,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI kistner, kharol/E-6849-2010 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD APR PY 1993 VL 40 IS 4 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1016/0039-9140(93)80017-L PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LA135 UT WOS:A1993LA13500016 PM 18965666 ER PT J AU XU, XY ROCHA, EP REGENERY, HL KENDAL, AP COX, NJ AF XU, XY ROCHA, EP REGENERY, HL KENDAL, AP COX, NJ TI GENETIC AND ANTIGENIC ANALYSES OF INFLUENZA-A (H1N1) VIRUSES, 1986-1991 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE INFLUENZA-A (H1N1); EVOLUTION; HA SEQUENCING ID GENOMIC ANALYSES; H-1 SUBTYPE; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; SEQUENCE; SURVEILLANCE; VARIANTS; PATHWAYS; ACID AB Eighteen strains of human influenza A (H1N1) viruses isolated between August 1986 and January 1991 were analyzed in this study. Examination of the total viral genome of 12 strains by T1 mapping revealed that considerable genetic heterogeneity exists among these viruses. Partial sequencing of each of the non-HA RNA segments of 4 viruses having divergent T1 oligonucleotide maps indicated that only one was a reassortant virus that had genes from both the influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) subtypes. This reassortant obtained its PB2 gene from a virus of the H3N2 subtype and the other 7 RNA segments from an H1N1 parent. Sequencing studies of the HA1 domains of the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of these 18 strains revealed that although these viruses are antigenically similar to the reference strains A/Taiwan/1/86 and A/Singapore/6/86, 7 conserved amino acid substitutions that are shared by recently isolated H1N1 viruses have occurred in the main stream of evolution of the H1N1 subtype. Our data indicate that: (1) Genetic reassortment continues to contribute to genetic variability of H1N1 viruses. (2) Genetic variants of non-reassortant H1N1 viruses are co-circulating in the world. (3) The HA's of recent H1N1 viruses are related to those of the 1986 reference strains. (4) Although there has been little detectable antigenic variability, the HA genes of human epidemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses have continued to evolve at an evolutionary rate similar to that for the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses analyzed previously. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 1993 VL 28 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA KZ851 UT WOS:A1993KZ85100004 PM 8493812 ER PT J AU SCHOCHETMAN, G AF SCHOCHETMAN, G TI GENETIC-VARIATION AND HIV TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96500014 ER PT J AU MARTIN, LS RICHMOND, J METLER, R AF MARTIN, LS RICHMOND, J METLER, R TI STRATEGIES FOR HANDLING HIV IN THE CLINICAL, RESEARCH, AND PRODUCTION LABORATORY SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,OFF HLTH & SAFETY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96500055 ER PT J AU NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW ORLOFF, SL MCDOUGAL, JS AF NICHOLSON, JKA BROWNING, SW ORLOFF, SL MCDOUGAL, JS TI INACTIVATION OF HIV-INFECTED CELLS IN WHOLE-BLOOD BY LYSING FIXING REAGENTS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96500062 ER PT J AU RICE, WG SCHAEFFER, CA MCDOUGAL, JS ORLOFF, SL SUMMERS, MF SOUTH, TL MENDELEVEV, J KUN, E AF RICE, WG SCHAEFFER, CA MCDOUGAL, JS ORLOFF, SL SUMMERS, MF SOUTH, TL MENDELEVEV, J KUN, E TI NOVEL ZINC-EJECTING C-NITROSO COMPOUNDS INHIBIT THE INFECTIOUS AND EXPRESSIVE PHASES OF HIV-1 LIFE-CYCLE SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,DYNCORP,PROGRAM RESOURCES INC,ANTIVIRAL DRUG MECHANISMS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702. OCTAMER RES FDN,TIBURON,CA 94920. CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DHA,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,CATONSVILLE,MD 21228. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96500071 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN HL-60-BASED MODEL SYSTEM FOR CELL-TO-CELL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 29 PY 1993 SU 17E BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KX965 UT WOS:A1993KX96500154 ER PT J AU FRANCIS, ES WU, MG LEE, ML LIU, ZY AF FRANCIS, ES WU, MG LEE, ML LIU, ZY TI HIGH-SPEED, THERMALLY MODULATED SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH SELECTIVE DETECTORS - ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT CHEM,PROVO,UT 84602. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 28 PY 1993 VL 205 BP 139 EP ENVR PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA KQ981 UT WOS:A1993KQ98101852 ER PT J AU QARI, SH SHI, YP GOLDMAN, IF UDHAYAKUMAR, V ALPERS, MP COLLINS, WE LAL, AA AF QARI, SH SHI, YP GOLDMAN, IF UDHAYAKUMAR, V ALPERS, MP COLLINS, WE LAL, AA TI IDENTIFICATION OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX-LIKE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; FALCIPARUM; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; VACCINE; VARIANT AB There are four species of human malarial parasite and several monkey ones, and in evolutionary terms the human and non-human primate plasmodia may be related. The tools of molecular biology have lately pointed to the existence of two types of Plasmodium vivax. Using specific oligonucleotides we have identified a human malaria parasite resembling P vivax under the microscope but with circumsporozoite (CS) protein differing from those of P vivax types 1 and 2. The CS protein of this ''P vivax-like'' malaria parasite is identical to that of P simiovale, a monkey parasite resembling P ovale, a human one, morphologically. Polyclonal serum raised against a partial repeat sequence of the P vivax-like malaria parasite specifically reacted with P simiovale sporozoites but not with those of P vivax types 1 and 2, P ovale, or P simium. Sera collected from people living in malaria endemic regions of Papua New Guinea and Brazil contained antibodies that specifically reacted with the synthetic peptides representing the repeat sequences of CS protein of this P vivax-like parasite. A comparison of the CS protein gene sequences of P simiovale and the P vivax-like malaria parasites with those of other primate parasites, data on serological cross-reactivity, and 18S ribosomal DNA analyses suggest that the new human malaria parasite described here is distinct from P falciparum, P malariae, P vivax, and P ovale, the four known species of human parasite. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 25 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 27 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8848 BP 780 EP 783 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90559-Y PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KU900 UT WOS:A1993KU90000003 PM 8095999 ER PT J AU IRWIN, K MIBANDUMBA, N MBUYI, K RYDER, R SEQUEIRA, D AF IRWIN, K MIBANDUMBA, N MBUYI, K RYDER, R SEQUEIRA, D TI MORE ON VAGINAL INFLAMMATION IN AFRICA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HIV C1 PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CANADIAN INT DEV AGENCIES,OTTAWA K1N 9K7,ON,CANADA. RP IRWIN, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 25 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 12 BP 888 EP 889 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KT814 UT WOS:A1993KT81400027 PM 8441443 ER PT J AU FLEMING, M BABCOCK, A MIGLIOZZI, A HALPIN, TJ AF FLEMING, M BABCOCK, A MIGLIOZZI, A HALPIN, TJ TI TETANUS FATALITY - OHIO, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 148-149, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP FLEMING, M (reprint author), GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 24 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 12 BP 1498 EP 1498 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KR803 UT WOS:A1993KR80300007 ER PT J AU POLLOCK, DA ONEIL, JM PARRISH, RG COMBS, DL ANNEST, JL AF POLLOCK, DA ONEIL, JM PARRISH, RG COMBS, DL ANNEST, JL TI TEMPORAL AND GEOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN THE AUTOPSY FREQUENCY OF BLUNT AND PENETRATING TRAUMA DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID QUALITY ASSURANCE AB Objective.-To examine national trends in the percentage of blunt and penetrating trauma deaths autopsied. Design, Setting,and Participants.-For each year from 1980 through 1989, we used national mortality data files to determine the autopsy frequency (percentage of deaths autopsied) of all deaths in the United States. We analyzed variation in the autopsy frequency of blunt and penetrating trauma deaths by cause of injury and place of occurrence of death. Results.-The autopsy frequency of blunt and penetrating trauma deaths in the United States increased by 14.3% during the 1980s to 58.9% in 1989 (62 004 of 105 309 deaths autopsied), while the autopsy frequency of all deaths decreased by 23.6% during the same period to 11.5% in 1989 (248 272 of 2 153 859 deaths autopsied). Among trauma deaths, homicides remained far more likely to be autopsied than nonhomicides (deaths due to unintentional injuries, suicides, and injuries of undetermined intentionality). The autopsy frequency of homicidal trauma deaths in 1989 was 90.0% or higher in 44 states and ranged from 79.6% in Mississippi to 100.0% in six states. The autopsy frequency of nonhomicidal trauma deaths in 1989 was 90.0% or higher in two states and ranged from 10.3% in Oklahoma to 94.5% in Hawaii. Nationwide, we found significant differences in the autopsy frequency of trauma deaths in 1989 between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties, both for homicides (97.7% vs 89.3%; P<.001) and nonhomicides (58.2% vs 29.9%; P<.001). Conclusions.-The percentage of blunt and penetrating trauma deaths autopsied has increased recently in the United States, but extensive geographic variation in autopsy frequency suggests that the benefits of autopsy findings for trauma care quality improvement and public health surveillance of injuries are distributed unevenly throughout the nation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP POLLOCK, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL, 4770 BUFFORD HWY NE, MAIL STOP K-59, ATLANTA, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 24 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 12 BP 1525 EP 1531 DI 10.1001/jama.269.12.1525 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KR803 UT WOS:A1993KR80300025 PM 8445815 ER PT J AU GERBER, AR AF GERBER, AR TI CENTERS FOR DISEASE-CONTROL PROGRAMS IN FLOW CYTOMETRIC IMMUNOPHENOTYPING SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; PHASE-I TRIAL; 2',3'-DIDEOXYINOSINE DDI; VIRUS TYPE-1; PERFORMANCE; INFECTION; MARKERS RP GERBER, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 677 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38761.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KX225 UT WOS:A1993KX22500005 PM 8388182 ER PT J AU VOGT, RF HENDERSON, LO ETHRIDGE, SF HUANG, EY WHITE, JT MEREDITH, NK AF VOGT, RF HENDERSON, LO ETHRIDGE, SF HUANG, EY WHITE, JT MEREDITH, NK TI LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPING WITH EXTENDED QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF LIST-MODE FILES FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC HEALTH STUDIES SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article RP VOGT, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. PD MAR 20 PY 1993 VL 677 BP 462 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38817.x PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KX225 UT WOS:A1993KX22500061 PM 8494243 ER PT J AU ROMEIS, JC BROWNSON, RC DAVIS, JR COOPERSTOCK, LR HUANG, PP TODD, R SIMPSON, DM AF ROMEIS, JC BROWNSON, RC DAVIS, JR COOPERSTOCK, LR HUANG, PP TODD, R SIMPSON, DM TI MINORS ACCESS TO TOBACCO - MISSOURI AND TEXAS (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 125-128, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,MO. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,AUSTIN,TX. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ROMEIS, JC (reprint author), ST LOUIS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ST LOUIS,MO 63103, USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1362 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700008 ER PT J AU HERIP, DS SLATEN, DD AF HERIP, DS SLATEN, DD TI HEALTH-STATUS OF HAITIAN MIGRANTS - UNITED-STATES NAVAL BASE, GUANTANAMO-BAY, CUBA, NOVEMBER 1991 APRIL 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 138-140, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV QUARANTINE,ATLANTA,GA. RP HERIP, DS (reprint author), USN,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ENVIRONM & PREVENT MED UNIT 2,NORFOLK,VA 23511, USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1365 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700010 ER PT J AU RATARD, R MCFARLAND, L AF RATARD, R MCFARLAND, L TI INJURIES TO INTERNATIONAL PETROLEUM DRILLING WORKERS (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 128-131, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RATARD, R (reprint author), LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,BATON ROUGE,LA 70821, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1369 EP 1370 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700012 ER PT J AU HAMPSON, NB KRAMER, CC COPASS, MK AF HAMPSON, NB KRAMER, CC COPASS, MK TI UNINTENTIONAL CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONING FOLLOWING WINTER STORM - WASHINGTON, JANUARY 1993 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 109-111, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,RADIAT STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV WASHINGTON,HARBORVIEW MED CTR,CTR EMERGENCY TRAUMA,SEATTLE,WA 98104. RP HAMPSON, NB (reprint author), VIRGINIA MASON MED CTR,DEPT HYPERBAR,SEATTLE,WA 98101, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1372 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700014 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL HADLER, SC REDD, SB ORENSTEIN, WA AF ATKINSON, WL HADLER, SC REDD, SB ORENSTEIN, WA TI PUBLICATION OF CDC SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 102-104, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1373 EP 1373 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700016 ER PT J AU HARRELL, B WOERNLE, CH OSORIO, A MCCAMMON, J DUPUY, CJ LEHNHERR, M HOWE, H CHOQUETTE, K CURRIER, MSR COE, E RABIN, R DUNBAR, P FERRARA, T GERWEL, B STONE, R BARNETT, M MARINO, R WILLIS, T PERROTTA, DM BEAUDOIN, D HANRAHAN, L AF HARRELL, B WOERNLE, CH OSORIO, A MCCAMMON, J DUPUY, CJ LEHNHERR, M HOWE, H CHOQUETTE, K CURRIER, MSR COE, E RABIN, R DUNBAR, P FERRARA, T GERWEL, B STONE, R BARNETT, M MARINO, R WILLIS, T PERROTTA, DM BEAUDOIN, D HANRAHAN, L TI ADULT-BLOOD LEAD EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SURVEILLANCE (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 84-85, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH SERV,BUR RISK ASSESSMENT,CONCORD,NH. NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,OCCUPAT DIS PREVENT PROGRAM,TRENTON,NJ. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. OREGON DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,DIV STATE HLTH,PORTLAND,OR. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,DIV HLTH HAZARD EVALUAT,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. UTAH DEPT HLTH,BUR EPIDEMIOL,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84116. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,OCCUPAT HLTH SURVEILLANCE & EVALUAT PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94704. IOWA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DES MOINES,IA 50319. MARYLAND DEPT ENVIRONM,DIV HLTH REGISTRIES,BALTIMORE,MD. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT LABOR & IND,DIV OCCUPAT HYG,W NEWTON,MA. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR CHILD & FAMILY SERV,LANSING,MI. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,DENVER,CO. CONNECTICUT DEPT HLTH,HARTFORD,CT. ILLINOIS DEPT PUBL HLTH,SPRINGFIELD,IL 62671. RP HARRELL, B (reprint author), ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL 36103, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1373 EP 1373 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700015 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG MARCUS, SE HOLTZMAN, D GIOVINO, GA AF ESCOBEDO, LG MARCUS, SE HOLTZMAN, D GIOVINO, GA TI SPORTS PARTICIPATION, AGE AT SMOKING INITIATION, AND THE RISK OF SMOKING AMONG UNITED-STATES HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ADOLESCENT SMOKING; CHILDREN; TOBACCO; PREVENTION; POLICY AB Objective.-To examine smoking patterns, smoking initiation, and the relationship of sports participation and age at smoking initiation to regular and heavy smoking among adolescents. Design.-Survey. Participants.-A nationally representative sample of US high school students. Outcome Measures.-Prevalences of smoking patterns, prevalence and incidence of smoking initiation, and prevalences and odds of regular and heavy smoking in relation to sports participation and age at smoking initiation. Results.-Seventy-two percent of students reported experimenting with, formerly, or ever smoking cigarettes, and 32% reported smoking in the past 30 days. Students who had participated in interscholastic sports were less likely to be regular and heavy smoker's than were others who had not participated. Smoking initiation rates increased rapidly after age 10 years and peaked at age 13 to 14 years. Students who began smoking at age 12 years or younger were more likely to be regular and heavy smokers than were students who began smoking at older ages. Conclusions.-These data suggest that smoking initiation at a young age can increase the risk of nicotine addiction during adolescence and that sports participation may influence smoking behavior. Interventions to prevent smoking should be available before age 12 years to help combat the smoking epidemic among youth. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 177 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 11 BP 1391 EP 1395 DI 10.1001/jama.269.11.1391 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ857 UT WOS:A1993KQ85700032 PM 8441214 ER PT J AU KAVANAUGH, JS MOOPENN, WF ARNONE, A AF KAVANAUGH, JS MOOPENN, WF ARNONE, A TI ACCOMMODATION OF INSERTIONS IN HELICES - THE MUTATION IN HEMOGLOBIN CATONSVILLE (PRO 37-ALPHA-GLU-THR 38-ALPHA) GENERATES A 3(10)-]ALPHA-BULGE SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN STABILITY; SEQUENCES; DYNAMICS; PEPTIDE; APOLAR AB Hemoglobin Catonsville is a mutation of human hemoglobin (an alpha2beta2 tetramer) in which a glutamate residue is inserted into the first turn of a highly conserved 3(10) helix (the C helix) of each alpha subunit. In theory, amino acid insertions (or deletions) in protein helices can be accommodated via two distinct mechanisms. One, termed the register shift mechanism, preserves the geometry of the helix while requiring all of the residues on one flank of the insertion site to rotate by 100-degrees in the case of an alpha helix or by 120-degrees in the case of a 3(10) helix. The other, termed the bulge (or indentation) mechanism, distorts the local geometry of the helix but does not alter the helix register. High-resolution X-ray diffraction analysis of deoxyhemoglobin Catonsville shows that the inserted residue is accommodated as a bulge, demonstrating that this is a viable mechanism. (In contrast, no such evidence is yet available for the register shift mechanism.) More specifically, the insertion converts one turn of the C helix from 3(10) geometry to alpha helix-like geometry, raising the possibility that a common mechanism for accommodating insertions and deletions within helices may involve localized interconversions between 3(10), alpha, and pi helical structures. C1 UNIV IOWA,DEPT BIOCHEM,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HOST FACTORS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-40453]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-40852] NR 28 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAR 16 PY 1993 VL 32 IS 10 BP 2509 EP 2513 DI 10.1021/bi00061a007 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA KR819 UT WOS:A1993KR81900007 PM 8448109 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, M CHAN, DKS OREILLY, K SCHNELL, D WOOD, R BEEKER, C COHN, D AF FISHBEIN, M CHAN, DKS OREILLY, K SCHNELL, D WOOD, R BEEKER, C COHN, D TI FACTORS INFLUENCING GAY MENS ATTITUDES, SUBJECTIVE NORMS, AND INTENTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERFORMING SEXUAL BEHAVIORS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In a recent paper (Fishbein et al., 1992) gay men's attitudes and subjective norms were found to be accurate predictors of their intentions to perform a variety of sexual behaviors. In addition, the relative importance of norms as determinants of intention was found to be greater in Seattle (a city with a well organized gay community) than in Albany (a city in which the gay community is not well organized). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent to which the men's attitudes, subjective norms, and intentions were influenced by a number of situational and individual difference variables. Three hundred and fourteen self-identified gay or bisexual men from Seattle (134), Denver (78), and Albany (102) completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study. As expected. type of partner and type of sexual activity significantly influenced attitudes, perceived norms, and intentions. In addition, these dependent variables were also influenced, in part, by city of residence, age, and perceived risk of HIV infection. The findings provide additional justification for developing different interventions for gay men in different cities, age, and perceived risk groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SEATTLE DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA. NEW YORK STATE DEPT PUBL HLTH,INST AIDS,ALBANY,NY. DENVER DEPT PUBL HLTH,DENVER,CO. RP FISHBEIN, M (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PSYCHOL,603 DANIEL ST,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 7 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU V H WINSTON & SON INC PI PALM BEACH PA 360 SOUTH OCEAN BLVD, PH-B, PALM BEACH, FL 33480 SN 0021-9029 J9 J APPL SOC PSYCHOL JI J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. PD MAR 16 PY 1993 VL 23 IS 6 BP 417 EP 438 DI 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01096.x PG 22 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA LE140 UT WOS:A1993LE14000001 ER PT J AU MILI, F KHOURY, MJ FLANDERS, WD GREENBERG, RS AF MILI, F KHOURY, MJ FLANDERS, WD GREENBERG, RS TI RISK OF CHILDHOOD-CANCER FOR INFANTS WITH BIRTH-DEFECTS .1. A RECORD-LINKAGE STUDY, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, 1968-1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; DOWNS SYNDROME; LEUKEMIA; MEDICAL RECORD LINKAGE; NEOPLASMS; PYLORIC STENOSIS ID TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES; WILMS TUMOR; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; CHILDREN; ONCOGENES; GENETICS; MUTATION AB To evaluate the risk of childhood cancer among infants with serious birth defects, the authors linked records of the Population-based registry of the Georgia Center for Cancer Statistics for 1975 to 1988 with records of the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program for 1968 to 1987. During the study period, birth defects were diagnosed in 19,373 infants younger than 1 year of age, and cancer was diagnosed in 400 children younger than 15 years of age. The observed number of children with a defect who developed cancer was compared with the number expected on the basis of the cancer registry rates. Of the 19,373 children with birth defects, 31 developed cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.5-3.2). Two associations were found: of 532 children with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), three developed acute leukemia (SIR = 50.8, 95% Cl 10.5-148.5) while of 746 children with pyloric stenosis, four developed cancer (SIR = 7.5, 95% Cl 2.019. 3). These data show that children with selected birth defects are at increased risk for specific childhood cancers. Such record-linkage can reveal new associations, which can in turn help researchers understand underlying mechanisms common to teratogenesis and carcinogenesis. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,1599 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP MILI, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 6 BP 629 EP 638 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KY793 UT WOS:A1993KY79300005 PM 8470664 ER PT J AU MILI, F LYNCH, CF KHOURY, MJ FLANDERS, WD EDMONDS, LD AF MILI, F LYNCH, CF KHOURY, MJ FLANDERS, WD EDMONDS, LD TI RISK OF CHILDHOOD-CANCER FOR INFANTS WITH BIRTH-DEFECTS .2. A RECORD-LINKAGE STUDY, IOWA, 1983-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; DOWNS SYNDROME; LEUKEMIA; MEDICAL RECORD LINKAGE; NEOPLASMS; PYLORIC STENOSIS AB To attempt to confirm associations found in a companion study in Atlanta, Georgia between Down's syndrome and acute leukemia and between pyloric stenosis and childhood cancer, the authors used the State Health Registry of Iowa to link the records of infants and children with cancer for 1983 to 1989 with the records of infants with birth defects for 1983 to 1988. During the study period, birth defects were diagnosed in 10,891 infants younger than 1 year of age, and cancer was diagnosed in 396 children younger than 8 years of age. The authors compared the observed number of children with a defect who developed cancer with the number expected on the basis of the cancer registry rates. Of the 10,891 children with birth defects, 16 developed cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.2-3.3). Of 251 children with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21), two developed leukemia (SIR = 32.1, 95% Cl 3.9-116.0). None of the infants with cancer had pyloric stenosis (SIR = 0.0, 95% Cl 0.0-6.7). The results of this study supported the association found in the Atlanta study between Down's syndrome and leukemia, but did not support the association found there between pyloric stenosis and childhood cancer. This study, however, had a shorter follow-up period and a smaller number of subjects than the Atlanta study. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,1599 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP MILI, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,BIRTH DEFECTS & GENET DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1 K07 CA-1181-04A1] NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 6 BP 639 EP 644 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KY793 UT WOS:A1993KY79300006 PM 8470665 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, DA VISVESVARA, GS DIESENHOUSE, MC WEBER, R FONT, RL WILSON, LA CORRENT, G SERDAREVIC, ON ROSBERGER, DF KEENEN, PC GROSSNIKLAUS, HE HEWANLOWE, K BRYAN, RT AF SCHWARTZ, DA VISVESVARA, GS DIESENHOUSE, MC WEBER, R FONT, RL WILSON, LA CORRENT, G SERDAREVIC, ON ROSBERGER, DF KEENEN, PC GROSSNIKLAUS, HE HEWANLOWE, K BRYAN, RT TI PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ANTIBODY DEMONSTRATION OF OCULAR MICROSPORIDIOSIS (ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM) IN 7 PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORNEAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; AIDS; NOSEMATOSIS; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; VIRUS AB We studied the clinicopathologic features of seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and ocular microsporidiosis. All patients had decreased levels of CD4-positive cells (mean, 26/ml3) and ocular symptoms; five had bilateral punctate epithelial keratopathy, one had intermittent red eyes with conjunctivitis, and one had red eyes only. Light and electron microscopy of corneal and conjunctival biopsy and cytologic specimens and intact globes disclosed microsporidia belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon. Because E. cuniculi and E. hellem, the two species of the Encephalitozoon genus, are morphologically identical, an immunofluorescent antibody technique was used for species identification. In all seven patients, the agent was identified as E. hellem. Pathologic examination of globes obtained after autopsy disclosed E. hellem infection to be restricted to the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. We studied methods for the routine diagnosis of ocular microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS, including the role of immunofluorescent antibody staining. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV HOSP ZURICH,DEPT MED INFECT DIS,CH-8091 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. BAYLOR COLL MED,CULLEN EYE INST,HOUSTON,TX 77030. CLEVELAND CLIN FLORIDA,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. CORNELL UNIV,MED CTR,NEW YORK HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 36 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 3 BP 285 EP 292 PG 8 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KQ126 UT WOS:A1993KQ12600001 PM 8095123 ER PT J AU DIESENHOUSE, MC WILSON, LA CORRENT, GF VISVESVARA, GS GROSSNIKLAUS, HE BRYAN, RT AF DIESENHOUSE, MC WILSON, LA CORRENT, GF VISVESVARA, GS GROSSNIKLAUS, HE BRYAN, RT TI TREATMENT OF MICROSPORIDIAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS WITH TOPICAL FUMAGILLIN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATIENT; INVITRO; AIDS AB Encephalitozoon hellem is a newly described cause of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis, occurring chiefly in patients with significantly diminished CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels. This disorder is symptomatically disabling and generally recalcitrant to topical antimicrobial therapy. Two homosexual men with E. hellem keratoconjunctivitis diagnosed by Gram stain, transmission electron microscopy, and specific indirect immunofluorescent assay were treated with topical fumagillin (Fumidil B). Both patients had marked symptomatic improvement with reduction of clinical findings. Symptoms and signs recurred with temporary discontinuation of the drug. Both patients, however, remained symptom-free on maintenance levels of topical fumagillin with no evidence of toxic side effects. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,CTR EYE,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,1327 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CLEVELAND CLIN FLORIDA,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,FT LAUDERDALE,FL. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NEI NIH HHS [P30 EY06360] NR 24 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPHTHALMIC PUBL CO PI CHICAGO PA 77 WEST WACKER DR, STE 660, CHICAGO, IL 60601 SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 115 IS 3 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KQ126 UT WOS:A1993KQ12600002 PM 8117342 ER PT J AU KHABBAZ, RF FUKUDA, K KAPLAN, JE BIANCO, C BLATTNER, W BUSCH, M DODD, R EPSTEIN, J GILCHER, R JACKSON, C KATZ, L KLEINMAN, S MURPHY, EL NEMO, G POIESZ, BJ RIOS, M SLOAND, E SULLIVAN, M WILLIAMS, AE AF KHABBAZ, RF FUKUDA, K KAPLAN, JE BIANCO, C BLATTNER, W BUSCH, M DODD, R EPSTEIN, J GILCHER, R JACKSON, C KATZ, L KLEINMAN, S MURPHY, EL NEMO, G POIESZ, BJ RIOS, M SLOAND, E SULLIVAN, M WILLIAMS, AE TI GUIDELINES FOR COUNSELING PERSONS INFECTED WITH HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) AND TYPE-II (HTLV-II) SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE PRACTICE GUIDELINES; HEALTH PLANNING GUIDELINES; HTLV-I; HTLV-II; COUNSELING ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; CHILD TRANSMISSION; LYMPHOMA VIRUS; SEROLOGICAL DISCRIMINATION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-ABUSERS; WESTERN-BLOT AB The human T-lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) are closely related but distinct retroviruses that can infect humans. They differ from the human immunodeficiency viruses that cause the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Screening of the U.S. blood supply for HTLV-I/II, which began in 1988, identifies HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected persons who need to be counseled regarding their infections. This paper summarizes current information about the HTLV viruses and presents guidelines developed by the Centers for Disease Control and a United States Public Health Service working group for counseling persons infected with HTLV-I and HTLV-II. RP KHABBAZ, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6-275 MS G03,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 81 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 6 BP 448 EP 454 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KR817 UT WOS:A1993KR81700009 ER PT J AU MULINARE, J AF MULINARE, J TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSOCIATIONS OF MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION AND OCCURRENCE OF NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS SO ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE RP MULINARE, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 E 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 678 BP 130 EP 136 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KX228 UT WOS:A1993KX22800011 ER PT J AU NAKAJIMA, T KITAMURA, K YAMASHITA, N SAKANE, T MIZUSHIMA, Y DELESPESSE, G LAL, RB AF NAKAJIMA, T KITAMURA, K YAMASHITA, N SAKANE, T MIZUSHIMA, Y DELESPESSE, G LAL, RB TI CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION AND PRODUCTION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-BETA IN T-CELL LINES INFECTED WITH HTLV-I AND HTLV-II SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; NF-KAPPA-B; FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; LYMPHOTOXIN; ACTIVATION; LEUKEMIA; GENE; INTERLEUKIN-2 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MONTREAL,NOTRE DAME HOSP,RES CTR,MONTREAL H3C 3J7,QUEBEC,CANADA. ST MARIANNA MED UNIV,INST MED SCI,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA 213,JAPAN. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 191 IS 2 BP 371 EP 377 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1227 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KT128 UT WOS:A1993KT12800008 PM 8460996 ER PT J AU LIN, JC AF LIN, JC TI OPTIMALIZATION OF SOUTHWESTERN TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTION OF BINDING OF EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS NUCLEAR ANTIGEN-1 TO ORIGIN OF REPLICATION SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DNA-BINDING; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEINS; COMPONENTS; REGION; CELLS RP LIN, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MOLEC BIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 191 IS 2 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1277 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA KT128 UT WOS:A1993KT12800058 PM 8384851 ER PT J AU SEDDON, J AJANI, U SPERDUTO, R YANNUZZI, L BURTON, T HALLER, J BLAIR, N FARBER, M MILLER, D GRAGOUDAS, E WILLETT, W AF SEDDON, J AJANI, U SPERDUTO, R YANNUZZI, L BURTON, T HALLER, J BLAIR, N FARBER, M MILLER, D GRAGOUDAS, E WILLETT, W TI DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION - A MULTICENTER STUDY SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MEETH,BOSTON,MA. CDC,ATLANTA,GA. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,MEEI,BOSTON,MA 02115. NEI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. WILMER EYE INST,BALTIMORE,MD. MEETH,NEW YORK,NY. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1134 EP 1134 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KT893 UT WOS:A1993KT89302120 ER PT J AU CONWAY, MD KARACORLU, M PEYMAN, GA ROBERTS, ED BOHM, RP LOWRIE, RC DENNIS, VA PHILLIP, MT COGSWELL, F JOHNSON, BJB PIESMAN, J GUBLER, DJ AF CONWAY, MD KARACORLU, M PEYMAN, GA ROBERTS, ED BOHM, RP LOWRIE, RC DENNIS, VA PHILLIP, MT COGSWELL, F JOHNSON, BJB PIESMAN, J GUBLER, DJ TI OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF EARLY AND EARLY DISSEMINATED LYME-DISEASE IN A RHESUS-MONKEY - A MODEL FOR HUMAN-DISEASE SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC,DENVER,CO. LSU,CTR EYE,NEW ORLEANS,LA. TULANE UNIV,DELTA REG PRIMATE RES CTR,COVINGTON,LA 70433. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1377 EP 1377 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KT893 UT WOS:A1993KT89303328 ER PT J AU FRYBACK, DG MARTIN, PA KLEIN, R KLEIN, BEK DASBACH, EJ DORN, N PETERSON, K AF FRYBACK, DG MARTIN, PA KLEIN, R KLEIN, BEK DASBACH, EJ DORN, N PETERSON, K TI SHORT QUESTIONNAIRES ABOUT VISUAL FUNCTION TO PROXY FOR MEASURED BEST CORRECTED VISUAL-ACUITY SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 1993 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1422 EP 1422 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KT893 UT WOS:A1993KT89303560 ER PT J AU DESTEFANO, F ANDA, RF KAHN, HS WILLIAMSON, DF RUSSELL, CM AF DESTEFANO, F ANDA, RF KAHN, HS WILLIAMSON, DF RUSSELL, CM TI DENTAL DISEASE AND RISK OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE AND MORTALITY SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FOLLOW-UP; HEALTH; MEN AB Objective-To investigate a reported association between dental disease and risk ot coronary heart disease. Setting-National sample of American adults who participated in a health examination survey in the early 1970s. Design-Prospective cohort study in which participants underwent a standard dental examination at baseline and were followed up to 1987. Proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate relative risks adjusted for several covariates. Main outcome measures-Incidence of mortality or admission to hospital because of coronary heart disease; total mortality. Results-Among all 9760 subjects included in the analysis those with periodontitis had a 25% increased risk of coronary heart disease relative to those with minimal periodontal disease. Poor oral hygiene, determined by the extent of dental debris and calculus, was also associated with an increased incidence of coronary heart disease. In men younger than 50 years at baseline periodontal disease was a stronger risk factor for coronary heart disease; men with periodontitis had a relative risk of 1.72. Both periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene showed stronger associations with total mortality than with coronary heart disease. Conclusion-Dental disease is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, particularly in young men. Whether this is a causal association is unclear. Dental health may be a more general indicator of personal hygiene and possibly health care practices. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DESTEFANO, F (reprint author), MARSHFIELD CLIN FDN MED RES & EDUC,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,MARSHFIELD,WI 54449, USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 18 TC 558 Z9 584 U1 8 U2 29 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0959-8138 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 VL 306 IS 6879 BP 688 EP 691 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KT216 UT WOS:A1993KT21600020 PM 8471920 ER PT J AU PELLETT, PE INOUE, N BLACK, JB DEWHURST, S DAMBAUGH, TR AF PELLETT, PE INOUE, N BLACK, JB DEWHURST, S DAMBAUGH, TR TI UNIQUE GENETIC PROPERTIES OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT,WILMINGTON,DE. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000010 ER PT J AU GUENTHNER, PC SWITZER, WM GUTEKUNST, KA MAWLE, AC BOHANNON, RC FOLKS, TM BEDNARIK, DP AF GUENTHNER, PC SWITZER, WM GUTEKUNST, KA MAWLE, AC BOHANNON, RC FOLKS, TM BEDNARIK, DP TI INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF AN EBV-HIV HYBRID VIRUS - INTEGRATION OF THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INTO THE EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ONASCO BIOTECHNOL INC,HOUSTON,TX 77272. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000054 ER PT J AU INOUE, N DAMBAUGH, TR SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D DOMINGUEZ, G PELLETT, PE AF INOUE, N DAMBAUGH, TR SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D DOMINGUEZ, G PELLETT, PE TI EXPRESSION OF THE HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 HOMOLOG OF THE ADENOASSOCIATED VIRUS TYPE-2 REP GENE AND BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS PRODUCT SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT,WILMINGTON,DE 19880. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000058 ER PT J AU BUTERA, S ROBERTS, B LAM, L HODGE, T FOLKS, T AF BUTERA, S ROBERTS, B LAM, L HODGE, T FOLKS, T TI HIV-1 RNA EXPRESSION BY 4 CHRONICALLY INFECTED CELL-LINES INDICATES MULTIPLE MECHANISMS OF LATENCY SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 23 EP 23 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000077 ER PT J AU MAWLE, AC LU, CG HUMMEL, K BELLINI, WJ AF MAWLE, AC LU, CG HUMMEL, K BELLINI, WJ TI PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES TO THE RECOMBINANT NUCLEOPROTEIN OF MEASLES-VIRUS IN NATURALLY INFECTED AND VACCINATED INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 67 EP 67 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000223 ER PT J AU VILLINGER, F LAURO, S CLARK, D FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA AF VILLINGER, F LAURO, S CLARK, D FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA TI DOES THE NEF GENE CONTRIBUTE TO THE DISEASE RESISTANCE OF SOOTY MANGABEY MONKEYS (SMM) NATURALLY INFECTED WITH SIV(SMM) SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CDC,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000266 ER PT J AU LAIRMORE, M TREVINO, A LAL, R KOBS, S DIGEORGE, AM KAUMAYA, P AF LAIRMORE, M TREVINO, A LAL, R KOBS, S DIGEORGE, AM KAUMAYA, P TI EVALUATION OF IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-1 (HTLV-I) BY MULTIVALENT SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE IMMUNIZATION SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR RETROVIRUS RES,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,CTR COMPREHENS CANC,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD MAR 13 PY 1993 SU 17D BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KV880 UT WOS:A1993KV88000283 ER PT J AU OAKLEY, GP AF OAKLEY, GP TI FOLIC-ACID PREVENTABLE SPINA-BIFIDA AND ANENCEPHALY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP OAKLEY, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 10 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 10 BP 1292 EP 1293 DI 10.1001/jama.269.10.1292 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KP885 UT WOS:A1993KP88500031 PM 8437310 ER PT J AU DAVIDIANTS, V OLDS, SG AF DAVIDIANTS, V OLDS, SG TI EMERGENCY PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE IN RESPONSE TO FOOD AND ENERGY SHORTAGES - ARMENIA, 1992 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARMENIAN NATL INST HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,YEREVAN,ARMENIA. US AGCY INT DEV,YEREVAN,ARMENIA. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DAVIDIANTS, V (reprint author), ARMENIAN NATL INST HLTH,INST PUBL HLTH,YEREVAN,ARMENIA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1089 EP 1090 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100006 ER PT J AU ATWOOD, R HURSH, D LACROIX, S SHOEMAKER, P KOBAYASHIJM MARQUEZ, J SANDS, L BERRY, D DONNELL, HD DONELIN, I AF ATWOOD, R HURSH, D LACROIX, S SHOEMAKER, P KOBAYASHIJM MARQUEZ, J SANDS, L BERRY, D DONNELL, HD DONELIN, I TI INFLUENZA ACTIVITY - UNITED-STATES, 1992-93 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 51-53, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. ARKANSAS DEPT HLTH,LITTLE ROCK,AR. MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,COLUMBIA,MO. WHO,COLLABORATING CTR SURVEILLANCE EPIDEMIOL & CONTROL INFLUENZA,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS,SENTINEL PHYSICIANS INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE SYST,WASHINGTON,DC. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP ATWOOD, R (reprint author), YAKIMA CTY HLTH DISTRICT,YAKIMA,WA, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1090 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100007 ER PT J AU BETHEA, RP MUTH, SQ POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE MUTH, JB SPENCER, NE HOFFMAN, RE AF BETHEA, RP MUTH, SQ POTTERAT, JJ WOODHOUSE, DE MUTH, JB SPENCER, NE HOFFMAN, RE TI GANG-RELATED OUTBREAK OF PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE AND OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES - COLORADO-SPRINGS, COLORADO (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 25-28, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 COLORADO DEPT HLTH,DENVER,CO. CDC,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BETHEA, RP (reprint author), EL PASO CTY DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,COLORADO SPRINGS,CO, USA. RI Potterat, John/B-4680-2009 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1092 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100008 ER PT J AU GOLDBAUM, G PEARLMAN, T WOOD, R KRUEGER, L AF GOLDBAUM, G PEARLMAN, T WOOD, R KRUEGER, L TI DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANONYMOUS AND CONFIDENTIAL REGISTRANTS FOR HIV TESTING - SEATTLE, 1986-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 53-56, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP GOLDBAUM, G (reprint author), SEATTLE KING CTY DEPT PUBL HLTH,SEATTLE,WA, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1094 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100009 ER PT J AU POZSIK, C KINNEY, J BREEDEN, D NIVEN, B DAVIS, T AF POZSIK, C KINNEY, J BREEDEN, D NIVEN, B DAVIS, T TI APPROACHES TO IMPROVING ADHERENCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS THERAPY (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 74-75, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP POZSIK, C (reprint author), S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1096 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100010 ER PT J AU PAPPAGIANIS, D SUN, RK WERNER, SB RUTHERFORD, GW ELSEA, RW MILLER, GB BOOTWALA, T HOPKINS, RS AF PAPPAGIANIS, D SUN, RK WERNER, SB RUTHERFORD, GW ELSEA, RW MILLER, GB BOOTWALA, T HOPKINS, RS TI COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS - UNITED-STATES, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 21-24, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV VIRGINIA,LYNCHBURG FAMILY PRACTICE,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. EMORY UNIV,EGLESTON CHILDRENS HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABIL SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. CDC,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP PAPPAGIANIS, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1098 EP 1099 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100011 ER PT J AU GILES, WH ANDA, RF JONES, DH SERDULA, MK MERRITT, RK DESTEFANO, F AF GILES, WH ANDA, RF JONES, DH SERDULA, MK MERRITT, RK DESTEFANO, F TI RECENT TRENDS IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF HIGH BLOOD CHOLESTEROL BY PHYSICIANS - PROGRESS AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; UNITED-STATES; PRESSURE; TRIAL; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MORTALITY; REMINDERS; PROJECT AB Objective.-To investigate recent trends in the percentage and characteristics of patients being treated by a physician for high blood cholesterol (HBC) and to assess missed clinical opportunities to screen for HBC. Design, Setting, Participants.-Telephone interviews of 154 735 adults in 37 states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System during 1988-1990 to assess trends in the percentage of patients treated for HBC by a physician. An opportunity was considered missed if a person did not report being screened for HBC despite seeing a physician for preventive care in the last 2 years. Results.-Between the first quarter of 1988 and the last quarter of 1990, the percentage of persons treated by a physician for HBC increased from 7.6% to 11.7% (P<.001). However, since an estimated 36% of US adults need treatment for HBC, fewer than one third of persons who need treatment are receiving it. Persons with two or more cardiac risk factors were more likely to be treated, while men, blacks, persons in lower socioeconomic groups, and persons between 20 and 34 years of age were less likely to be treated. Among the 126 571 persons who had seen a physician for preventive care within the last 2 years, missed opportunities to screen for HBC were most common among persons aged 20 through 34 years (59%) and among women who had seen obstetricians/gynecologists for preventive care (43%). Conclusions.-Fewer than one third of persons who need treatment for HBC as estimated by data from the second National Health and Nutrition and Nutrition Examination Survey are receiving treatment. Better use of clinical opportunities to screen for HBC could substantially accelerate the progress in identifying persons, young adults in particular, who are likely to benefit from cholesterol reduction. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NR 38 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 9 BP 1133 EP 1138 DI 10.1001/jama.269.9.1133 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN611 UT WOS:A1993KN61100030 PM 8240474 ER PT J AU PAU, CP LEETHOMAS, S AUWANIT, W GEORGE, JR OU, CY PAREKH, BS GRANADE, TC HOLLOMAN, DL PHILLIPS, S SCHOCHETMAN, G YOUNG, NL TAKEBE, Y GAYLE, HD WENIGER, BG AF PAU, CP LEETHOMAS, S AUWANIT, W GEORGE, JR OU, CY PAREKH, BS GRANADE, TC HOLLOMAN, DL PHILLIPS, S SCHOCHETMAN, G YOUNG, NL TAKEBE, Y GAYLE, HD WENIGER, BG TI HIGHLY SPECIFIC V3-PEPTIDE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY FOR SEROTYPING HIV-1 SPECIMENS FROM THAILAND SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE HIV-1; SEROTYPING; V3 LOOP; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; THAILAND ID DETERMINANT AB Objective: To develop and evaluate a simple V3 peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for large-scale serotyping of HIV-1 specimens from Thailand. Design: Serologic reactivities with synthetic peptides derived from the V3 loop of gp120 were used for typing HIV-1 specimens. Methods: Synthetic peptides PND-A and PND-B, derived from the consensus amino-acid sequences of the V3 loop of gp120 from two major genomic variants of HIV-1 in Thailand (A and 8), were evaluated in an EIA on 61 Thai HIV-1 sera for which genotypes had been determined by polymerase chain reaction. The peptide EIA was then applied to sera from 188 HIV-1-infected patients, selected in non-random, convenience samples of known risk groups from four geographic regions of Thailand. Results: The sensitivities and specificities of PND-A and PND-B were 86% (30 out of 35) and 96% (25 out of 26) and 92% (24 out of 26) and 94% (33 out of 35), respectively, with 100% predictive values of a monoreactive positive test for both peptides. The assay classified 101 specimens as serotype A, 39 as serotype B, eight as serotype AB (dually reactive), and 40 as untypable (non-reactive). Excluding dual reactors and non-reactors, 92% (77 out of 84) of specimens from patients probably infected by sexual contact were serotype A; conversely, 76% (28 out of 37) of injecting drug users were serotype B. Conclusion: The serologic results corroborated previous findings, in a smaller subset of samples, of an apparent segregation of viral subtypes by mode of transmission, suggesting two separate HIV-1 epidemics in Thailand. This peptide EIA could be a valuable epidemiologic tool in determining the dynamics of the rapid spread of HIV-1 in Thailand. C1 NATL INST HLTH,MINIST PUBL HLTH,DEPT MED SCI,BANGKOK,THAILAND. HIV AIDS COLLABORAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. NATL INST HLTH,AIDS RES CTR,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. RP PAU, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP D12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 9 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1097/00002030-199303000-00005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KT079 UT WOS:A1993KT07900005 PM 8471195 ER PT J AU MAHONEY, FJ BURKHOLDER, BT MATSON, CC AF MAHONEY, FJ BURKHOLDER, BT MATSON, CC TI PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTION SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB Hepatitis B virus infection is the most important cause of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. The immunization Practices Advisory Committee has proposed a comprehensive strategy to eliminate the transmission of hepatitis B virus in the United States. The three phases of this strategy are prevention of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus, universal vaccination of all infants against hepatitis B virus infection and selected vaccination of high-risk adolescents and adults. Because family physicians provide obstetric, perinatal, adolescent and adult care. they can have a major influence on the success of this strategy. RP MAHONEY, FJ (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD MAR PY 1993 VL 47 IS 4 BP 865 EP 872 PG 8 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KQ556 UT WOS:A1993KQ55600018 PM 8438685 ER PT J AU ADEKILE, AD MCKIE, KM ADEODU, OO SULZER, AJ LIU, JS MCKIE, VC KUTLAR, F RAMACHANDRAN, M KAINE, W AKENZUA, GI OKOLO, AA ASINDI, AA OBINYAN, EA OGALA, WN IBRAHIM, M HUISMAN, THJ AF ADEKILE, AD MCKIE, KM ADEODU, OO SULZER, AJ LIU, JS MCKIE, VC KUTLAR, F RAMACHANDRAN, M KAINE, W AKENZUA, GI OKOLO, AA ASINDI, AA OBINYAN, EA OGALA, WN IBRAHIM, M HUISMAN, THJ TI SPLEEN IN SICKLE-CELL-ANEMIA - COMPARATIVE-STUDIES OF NIGERIAN AND UNITED-STATES PATIENTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; SS; SPLENOMEGALY; AFRICAN SS PATIENTS ID BETA-THALASSEMIA; GLOBIN GENES; DISEASE; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; HETEROZYGOTES; HEMOGLOBINS; FETAL AB Anecdotal reports have attributed persistent splenomegaly in African sickle cell anemia (SS) patients to the effects of malaria. However, no comparative studies of patients in malarial and nonmalarial regions have been conducted, and few studies of malaria antibody titers have been reported. In the present study, age- and sex-matched Nigerian and U.S. steady-state SS patients were compared. Splenomegaly was found in 22.3% of Nigerian patients (n = 310), while it was found only in 8% of U.S. patients (n = 100) from Georgia. There was significant linear correlation between spleen size and Hb levels and with serum immunoglobulins in the Nigerian group. However, serum complement levels (C3 and C4) were not affected by spleen size. In both groups, patients with splenomegaly had fewer circulating pitted red cells than their counterparts without splenomegaly. The mean +/- SE of IgG-specific malaria antibody titer among the Nigerian patients without palpable spleens was 9,386 +/- 2,036; 9,334 +/- 2,980 in those with spleens between 1 and 5 cm, 16,201 +/- 4,502 in those with spleens between 6 and 10 cm, and 22,445 +/- 8,456 in those with spleens above 10 cm. Coexistent a-thalassemia did not influence the prevalence of splenomegaly among the Nigerian SS patients. This study provides additional evidence that malaria plays a significant role in the persistence of splenomegaly in African patients. C1 MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT PEDIAT,AUGUSTA,GA 30912. OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIV,DEPT PEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,IFE,NIGERIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NIGERIA,TEACHING HOSP,INST CHILD HLTH,ENUGU,NIGERIA. UNIV BENIN,TEACHING HOSP,DEPT CHILD HLTH,BENIN CITY,NIGERIA. UNIV CALABAR,TEACHING HOSP,DEPT PAEDIAT,CALABAR,NIGERIA. AHMADU BELLO UNIV,INST HLTH,DEPT PEDIAT,KADUNA,NIGERIA. AHMADU BELLO UNIV,DEPT PAEDIAT,ZARIA,NIGERIA. UTHMAN DAN FODIO UNIV,TEACHING HOSP,DEPT PAEDIAT,SOKOTO,NIGERIA. RP ADEKILE, AD (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [1F05TW04414-01] NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 42 IS 3 BP 316 EP 321 DI 10.1002/ajh.2830420313 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA KP431 UT WOS:A1993KP43100012 PM 8438905 ER PT J AU MAMOLEN, M LEWIS, DM BLANCHET, MA SATINK, FJ VOGT, RL AF MAMOLEN, M LEWIS, DM BLANCHET, MA SATINK, FJ VOGT, RL TI INVESTIGATION OF AN OUTBREAK OF HUMIDIFIER FEVER IN A PRINT SHOP SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE ORGANIC DUST TOXIC SYNDROME; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN; HUMIDIFIER FEVER; AEROSOL CONTAMINATION ID HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; LUNG-DISEASE; ENDOTOXIN; SYSTEM AB An outbreak of ''humidifier fever'' affected 16 (57%) of 28 workers in a print shop. The most common symptoms were myalgia, chills or subjective fever, and cough. Illness began 5-13 hours after entering the workplace, and lasted 2-24 hours. A humidifier in use the day of the outbreak was found to be contaminated with fungi, amebae, and Gram-negative bacteria. The risk of illness was highest for those who had been on the job 3 months before the outbreak, a time when the humidifier was in constant use. Serologic studies of print shop workers showed positive reactions to extracts of organisms isolated from the humidifier, but could neither distinguish ill from well workers, nor identify causative organisms. The presence of endotoxin-producing bacteria and the clinical syndrome are consistent with an organic dust toxic syndrome. Previous exposure appeared to be the major risk factor for illness. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BURLINGTON,VT. VDH,VERMONT OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH ADM,DIV OCCUPAT & RADIOL HLTH,MONTPELIER,VT. NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,IMMUNOL SECT,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 3 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230311 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KN676 UT WOS:A1993KN67600010 PM 8503466 ER PT J AU KAISER, RL AF KAISER, RL TI INTRODUCTION TO THE 1992 ASTMH PRESIDENTIAL-ADDRESS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material RP KAISER, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KX849 UT WOS:A1993KX84900003 ER PT J AU HERWALDT, BL JURANEK, DD AF HERWALDT, BL JURANEK, DD TI LABORATORY-ACQUIRED MALARIA, LEISHMANIASIS, TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AND TOXOPLASMOSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION CONTROL ASPECTS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; ECTOPARASITIC DISEASES; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; CHAGAS-DISEASE; PARASITES; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; DONOVANI; CRUZI AB Because of renewed interest in parasitic diseases, increasing numbers of persons in clinical and research laboratories have the potential for exposure to parasites and therefore are at risk for acquiring parasitic infections. In this review of laboratory-acquired parasitic infections, we concentrate on protozoan diseases that frequently have been reported to be laboratory acquired: malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis (American and African), and toxoplasmosis. These diseases can be severe, even fatal, and may be difficult to diagnose. Many laboratorians who have acquired these diseases did not recall having had an accident. Of those with recognized accidents, needlestick injuries were the most common. Laboratories should have established protocols for handling specimens that may contain viable organisms and for responding to laboratory accidents. RP HERWALDT, BL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, ATLANTA, GA USA. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 313 EP 323 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KX849 UT WOS:A1993KX84900005 PM 8097080 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, K SHAFFER, N DAVACHI, F HIGHTOWER, A LYAMBA, B PALUKU, KM NGUYENDINH, P BREMAN, JG AF HEDBERG, K SHAFFER, N DAVACHI, F HIGHTOWER, A LYAMBA, B PALUKU, KM NGUYENDINH, P BREMAN, JG TI PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM-ASSOCIATED ANEMIA IN CHILDREN AT A LARGE URBAN HOSPITAL IN ZAIRE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID YOUNG NIGERIAN CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; P-FALCIPARUM; KINSHASA; CHLOROQUINE; SEROPOSITIVITY; POPULATION; INFECTIONS; MORBIDITY AB Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through blood transfusions used to treat malaria-associated anemia are causes of increasing morbidity and mortality among children in Africa. To evaluate the role of malaria and other risk factors for pediatric anemia, we conducted a study of children brought to the emergency ward of a large urban hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. A total of 748 children ages six through 59 months were enrolled; 318 (43%) children were anemic (hematocrit < 33%), including 74 (10%) who were severely anemic (hematocrit < 20%). Plasmodium falciparum parasites were detected in 166 children (22%); hematocrits for these children (mean 25.8%) were significantly lower than for aparasitemic children (mean 33.7%; P < 10(-6)). Fever with splenomegaly (odds ratio [OR] = 6.5, P = 0.02), parasitemia (OR = 3.5, P < 0.001), lower socioeconomic status (OR = 2.0, P = 0.004), and malnutrition (OR = 1.8, P = 0.06) were independently associated with anemia in a multivariate model. Recent antimalarial therapy was also associated with a lower hematocrit, suggesting that chloroquine may have aggravated the anemia. A reassessment of the effectiveness of strategies to diagnose and treat malaria and malnutrition is necessary to decrease the high prevalence of anemia and the resultant high rate of blood transfusions in areas endemic for malaria and HIV. C1 MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. COMBATTING CHILDHOOD COMMUNICABLE DIS PROJECT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP HEDBERG, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KX849 UT WOS:A1993KX84900010 PM 8470774 ER PT J AU TAWFIKELZIMAITY, DM HYAMS, KC IMAM, IZE WATTS, DM BASSILY, S NAFFEA, EK SULTAN, Y EMARA, K BURANS, J PURDY, MA BRADLEY, DW CARL, M AF TAWFIKELZIMAITY, DM HYAMS, KC IMAM, IZE WATTS, DM BASSILY, S NAFFEA, EK SULTAN, Y EMARA, K BURANS, J PURDY, MA BRADLEY, DW CARL, M TI ACUTE SPORADIC HEPATITIS-E IN AN EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC POPULATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A; VIRUS-INFECTION; C VIRUS; CAIRO; ETIOLOGY; ADULTS; RISK AB A study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute hepatitis among 261 children (age range 1-11 years) living in Cairo, Egypt. A blood sample was obtained from each subject when initially evaluated and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic and risk factor data. Sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for acute hepatitis A (anti-hepatitis A virus IgM), hepatitis B (anti-hepatitis B core antigen IgM and hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]), hepatitis C (total anti-HCV), delta hepatitis (total anti-delta), and cytomegalovirus infection (anti-CMV IgM). In addition, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection was diagnosed using a new Western blot technique to test patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis for anti-HEV IgM. Among 261 children, acute hepatitis A was diagnosed in 85 (32.6%) patients, acute hepatitis B in 19 (7.3%), delta hepatitis in 3 (1.1%), mixed hepatitis A and B infection in 2 (0.8%), CMV infection in 1 (0.4%), hepatitis E in 58 (22.2%), and non-A, non-B hepatitis of unknown type in 51 (19.5%). Forty-two (16.1%) subjects had HBsAg without other markers of acute infection. Risk factor analysis indicated that patients living in homes not connected to a municipal source of water were at increased risk of hepatitis E infection. These data provide additional evidence that hepatitis E virus is a common cause of acute sporadic hepatitis in children living in Egypt. C1 USN,MED RES INST,DIV EPIDEMIOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USN,MED RES UNIT 3,CAIRO,EGYPT. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ABBASSIA FEVER HOSP,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP TAWFIKELZIMAITY, DM (reprint author), BENHA UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,BENHA,EGYPT. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 372 EP 376 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KX849 UT WOS:A1993KX84900011 ER PT J AU MILLET, P CAMPBELL, GH SULZER, AJ GRADY, KK POHL, J AIKAWA, M COLLINS, WE AF MILLET, P CAMPBELL, GH SULZER, AJ GRADY, KK POHL, J AIKAWA, M COLLINS, WE TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF THE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM ASEXUAL BLOOD-STAGE SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE VACCINE-SPF66 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; ANTIBODIES; INDUCTION; ANTIGENS; MONKEYS AB The immunogenicity of the cocktail vaccine SPf66 against Plasmodium falciparum was investigated in rabbits, monkeys, and human volunteers. This polymerized peptide vaccine incorporates a portion of each of the 35-kD, 55-kD, and 83-kD blood-stage proteins, linked by an amino acid sequence reproducing one repeat from the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum. Results from this study show that vaccination with this vaccine molecule elicited high titers of antibodies to SPf66 and its constituents, but these antibodies did not correlate with regular or sensitive indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers to blood-stage malaria parasites. However, rabbits injected with individual peptides produced antibodies with low affinity to indefinite parasite structures by immunoelectron microscopy, and rabbits injected with SPf66 had high antibody titers against the peptide (NANP)40. Consequently, these anti-SPf66 serum samples recognized P. falciparum sporozoites in the IFA. Such reactivity was not observed in monkeys or human volunteers vaccinated with SPf66. In addition, SPf66 components were recognized by antibodies induced by natural infection in humans and by laboratory-monitored infections in Aotus monkeys. These results suggest that this vaccine candidate merits further developmental work to better define immune response elicited by the copolymer to the parasite. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 48 IS 3 BP 424 EP 431 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KX849 UT WOS:A1993KX84900017 PM 7682382 ER PT J AU DOLAN, MJ WONG, MT REGNERY, RL JORGENSEN, JH GARCIA, M PETERS, J DREHNER, D AF DOLAN, MJ WONG, MT REGNERY, RL JORGENSEN, JH GARCIA, M PETERS, J DREHNER, D TI SYNDROME OF ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE ADENITIS SUGGESTING CAT SCRATCH DISEASE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; LYMPHADENITIS; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; AFIPIA-FELIS ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; PELIOSIS HEPATIS; TRENCH FEVER; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; BACTEREMIA; INFECTION; ORGANISM; CULTURE AB Objective: To describe a clinical syndrome of cat scratch disease caused by Rochalimaea henselae, including methods for isolation of the organism from tissue and for identification. Design: Case series. Setting: U.S. Air Force referral hospital infectious diseases clinic. Patients: Two previously healthy patients. Main Measurements and Results: Two immunocompetent patients who had handled cats developed unilateral upper-extremity adenitis associated with a distal papular lesion and fever. The adenitis and distal lesions persisted and progressively worsened. Cultures of the involved lymph nodes from both patients grew R. henselae, a recently described organism associated with bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and with bacteremia in immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. The organism was characterized as oxidase negative and X-factor dependent and had a characteristic pattern in analysis of whole-cell fatty acids differing from Afipia felis, a bacterium that has been associated with cat scratch disease. The identity of the isolate was confirmed by analysis of whole-cell fatty acids using gas chromatography and by amplification of the citrate synthetase gene sequence and analysis of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified product. The organisms were broadly susceptible to a variety of antimicrobials by broth microdilution; however in-vitro resistance to first-generation cephalosporins correlated with clinical failure of therapy. Conclusion: Rochalimaea henselae can be a cause of cat scratch disease in immunocompetent patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. RP DOLAN, MJ (reprint author), WILFORD HALL USAF MED CTR,DEPT INFECT DIS,LACKLAND AFB,TX 78236, USA. NR 37 TC 262 Z9 265 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 331 EP 336 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN688 UT WOS:A1993KN68800002 PM 8430978 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW KOEHLER, JE BERGER, TG COCKERELL, CJ LEE, TH BUSCH, MP STITES, DP MOHLEBOETANI, J REINGOLD, AL LEBOIT, PE AF TAPPERO, JW KOEHLER, JE BERGER, TG COCKERELL, CJ LEE, TH BUSCH, MP STITES, DP MOHLEBOETANI, J REINGOLD, AL LEBOIT, PE TI BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS AND BACILLARY SPLENITIS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT ADULTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note DE ANGIOMATOSIS, BACILLARY; SPLENITIS, BACILLARY; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; ERYTHROMYCIN ID INFECTION; DNA AB Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary peliosis have been described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and drug-induced immunosuppression. Patients with these vascular lesions in the absence of profound immunodeficiency have not been well characterized. We studied five patients with histologically confirmed bacillary angiomatosis or bacillary splenitis without clinical immunodeficiency. Studies to detect HIV infection, immunologic defects, and presence of Rochalimaea species DNA in infected tissues were done. Cell cultures were negative for HIV-1 replication, and HIV-1 DNA was not detected. Results of lymphocyte subsets and activation, neutrophil oxidative burst, skin testing to mumps antigen, and assays for quantitative immunoglobulins and complement were normal. DNA amplification and sequencing confirmed infection by Rochalimaea henselae, even in tissue showing bacillary splenitis without peliosis. Bacillary angiomatosis and bacillary splenitis may occur in the absence of demonstrable immunodeficiency. On the basis of the therapeutic response of these five patients, we recommend treatment with erythromycin or doxycycline for a minimum of 6 weeks. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. IRWIN MEM BLOOD CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75235. RP TAPPERO, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAIL STOP C09,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR07175-15] NR 15 TC 106 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 363 EP 365 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN688 UT WOS:A1993KN68800007 PM 8430982 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW WARD, JW AF BUEHLER, JW WARD, JW TI A NEW DEFINITION FOR AIDS SURVEILLANCE SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; ANTIGENS, CD4; LYMPHOCYTES-T ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; WOMEN AB In January 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expanded the surveillance definition for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). For adults and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, four new criteria have been added to the previous definition: a measure of immunosuppression (a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count <200/muL or CD4+ percentage <14) and three clinical conditions (pulmonary tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, and invasive cervical cancer). The expanded surveillance definition more accurately represents persons with severe HIV-related immunosuppression and morbidity and should facilitate reporting by physicians. Counseling of individual patients should continue to focus on their clinical and immunologic status rather than on surveillance criteria. RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MS-G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 5 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN688 UT WOS:A1993KN68800012 PM 8094281 ER PT J AU MAJ, M DELIA, L SATZ, P JANSSEN, R ZAUDIG, M UCHIYAMA, C STARACE, F GALDERISI, S CHERVINSKY, A AF MAJ, M DELIA, L SATZ, P JANSSEN, R ZAUDIG, M UCHIYAMA, C STARACE, F GALDERISI, S CHERVINSKY, A TI EVALUATION OF 2 NEW NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS DESIGNED TO MINIMIZE CULTURAL-BIAS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF HIV-1 SEROPOSITIVE PERSONS - A WHO STUDY SO ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; AIDS; PERFORMANCE; COMPLEX; MEN AB In the course of the preparatory work for the WHO cross-cultural study on the neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV-1 infection, two new neuropsychological tests (the WHO/UCLA Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Color Trails 1 & 2) were developed. The evaluation of these tests was performed at four sites, two in developed and two in developing countries. The data obtained suggest that the tests are more culture fair than others currently used to assess the same functional domains, that they are sensitive to HIV-1-associated cognitive impairment, and that this sensitivity 'holds' across different cultures. C1 UNIV NAPLES,DEPT PSYCHIAT 1,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,NEUROPSYCHIAT INST & HOSP,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAX PLANCK INST PSYCHIAT,W-8000 MUNICH 40,GERMANY. UNIV NAPLES,DEPT PSYCHIAT,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. RP MAJ, M (reprint author), WHO,DIV MENTAL HLTH,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 25 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0887-6177 J9 ARCH CLIN NEUROPSYCH JI Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 8 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1016/0887-6177(93)90030-5 PG 13 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA KK429 UT WOS:A1993KK42900004 PM 14589670 ER PT J AU MCCOLL, KA GOULD, AR SELLECK, PW HOOPER, PT WESTBURY, HA SMITH, JS AF MCCOLL, KA GOULD, AR SELLECK, PW HOOPER, PT WESTBURY, HA SMITH, JS TI POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND OTHER LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LONG INCUBATION RABIES IN AUSTRALIA SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES AB Blood and post-mortem tissues from a 10-years-old girl were submitted to the Australian Animal Health Laboratory. Clinical signs and histopathological lesions had suggested a diagnosis of rabies, but, an unusually long incubation period of at least 5 years did not encourage such a diagnosis. Serological examinations by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test revealed a dramatic increase in rabies virus-neutralising antibody during the 10-day period of hospitalisation. The results of a fluorescent antibody test on brain smears, and an immunoperoxidase test on formalin-fixed sections of brain were also consistent with a diagnosis of rabies. Attempts to isolate virus were unsuccessful. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were conducted on a 10% suspension of a post-mortem sample from the patient's brain, using primers based on the published sequence of the Pasteur virus strain of rabies virus. 413 and 513 bp fragments from the nucleoprotein gene and a 403 bp fragment from the glycoprotein gene were amplified. Subsequent sequencing of these fragments, and comparison with equivalent regions of known rabies viruses, confirmed that the fragments originated from a virus belonging to the rabies virus serotype. This case demonstrated the advantage of using a range of laboratory techniques to obtain a definitive diagnosis. In particular, a PCR-based test may allow a diagnosis, even in the face of conditions that preclude virus isolation such as apparently occurred in this case. Finally, this case demonstrated that an unusually long incubation period should not discourage a tentative clinical diagnosis of rabies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,RABIES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCCOLL, KA (reprint author), CSIRO,AUSTRALIAN ANIM HLTH LAB,POB 24,GEELONG,VIC 3220,AUSTRALIA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI VICTORIA PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, VICTORIA 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 70 IS 3 BP 84 EP 89 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb03282.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KT420 UT WOS:A1993KT42000002 PM 8476363 ER PT J AU SIENKO, DG HAHN, RA MILLS, EM YOONDELONG, V CIESIELSKI, CA WILLIAMSON, GD TEUTSCH, SM KLENN, PJ BERKELMAN, RL AF SIENKO, DG HAHN, RA MILLS, EM YOONDELONG, V CIESIELSKI, CA WILLIAMSON, GD TEUTSCH, SM KLENN, PJ BERKELMAN, RL TI MAMMOGRAPHY USE AND OUTCOMES IN A COMMUNITY - THE GREATER LANSING AREA MAMMOGRAPHY STUDY SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE BREAST CANCER; MAMMOGRAPHY; SCREENING; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMMUNITY HEALTH ID BREAST-CANCER MORTALITY; OLDER WOMEN; REDUCTION; RISK AB Background. Mammography is widely known to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer, but a population-based assessment of mammography use and follow-up of mammography findings has not been reported previously. Methods. An observational, population-based, follow-up study was conducted of all women having mammograms in the Greater Lansing, Michigan, metropolitan area, between June 1987 and June 1988. A total of 17,811 Greater Lansing women participated. The adherence of women to mammography screening guidelines was estimated, and mammography's utility to detect breast cancer was assessed through follow-up review of breast biopsy results. Results. Thirty-seven percent of the expected number of women 35 years of age and older had mammograms. Adherence to screening guidelines declined with age, and less than 5% (302 of 6700) of women 55 years of age and older reporting having annual mammograms. Seventy-six percent of women reported that their physicians prompted the examination. The predictive value of a positive mammogram was 21.9% for women without symptoms and 32.4% for women with symptoms. Mammography's sensitivity and specificity for breast cancer detection were 71% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions. The study highlights the need to target mammography to women 50 years of age and older, underscores the importance of physicians in promoting mammography, and demonstrates the analytic value and limitation of mammography in clinical decision-making. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH, LANSING, MI 48909 USA. RP SIENKO, DG (reprint author), INGHAM CTY HLTH DEPT, 5303 S CEDAR ST, LANSING, MI 48909 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1-R18-CA-43510] NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 1801 EP 1809 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19930301)71:5<1801::AID-CNCR2820710515>3.0.CO;2-W PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA KP990 UT WOS:A1993KP99000014 PM 8448743 ER PT J AU POWELL, JD BEDNARIK, DP FOLKS, TM JEHUDACOHEN, T VILLINGER, F SELL, KW ANSARI, AA AF POWELL, JD BEDNARIK, DP FOLKS, TM JEHUDACOHEN, T VILLINGER, F SELL, KW ANSARI, AA TI INHIBITION OF CELLULAR ACTIVATION OF RETROVIRAL REPLICATION BY CD8+ T-CELLS DERIVED FROM NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV; IMMUNOREGULATION; SIV; VIRUS SUPPRESSION ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; VIRUS-REPLICATION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SOOTY MANGABEYS; HIV REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; LYMPHOCYTES; INVITRO; INFECTION AB To test the hypothesis that CD8+ T cells inhibit viral replication at the level of cellular activation, an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell line (FEc1) from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-seropositive sooty mangabey monkey was transfected with a human CD4 gene and shown to be replication-competent for HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV. Utilizing a dual-chamber culture system, it was found that inhibition of viral replication can be mediated by a soluble factor. The FEc1 cell line was transiently transfected with an LTR-driven CAT reporter gene. It was found that autologous CD8+ T cells markedly inhibited CAT activity. Furthermore, co-transfection of the FEc1 cell line with an LTR-driven tat plasmid and LTR-CAT was able to quantitatively mitigate the suppressive effect. Thus, this inhibition appears to be directed at cellular mechanisms of viral transcription. Control transfections with an LTR-driven CAT plasmid with a mutation at the NFkB binding site yielded no CAT activity, suggesting that most viral replication as measured by CAT activity is dependent, to a large extent, upon cellularly derived NFkB binding proteins. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DIV PATHOBIOL & IMMUNOBIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NCRR NIH HHS [DRR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27057-03] NR 26 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 3 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KP267 UT WOS:A1993KP26700022 PM 8383022 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA CARSON, LA ANDERSON, RL NORGARD, MJ ARGENT, TA JARVIS, WR WOERNLE, CH AF PEGUES, DA CARSON, LA ANDERSON, RL NORGARD, MJ ARGENT, TA JARVIS, WR WOERNLE, CH TI OUTBREAK OF PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA BACTEREMIA IN ONCOLOGY PATIENTS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POVIDONE-IODINE; INFECTIONS; CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GUIDELINES; PREVENTION AB In 1991, an outbreak of Pseudomonas cepacia bacteremia (PCB) occurred among patients at an oncology clinic in Alabama. A case-patient was defined as any patient at Alabama Oncology Hematology Associates (AOHA) who had at least one blood culture positive for P. cepacia from 7 August through 31 October. Fourteen case-patients were identified: all required hospitalization (median duration, 17 days), but none died of PCB. A cohort study assessing risk factors for PCB focused on all patients who had been treated on the 8 days when case-patients had last visited AOHA during the period 7-21 August. Only patients with central venous catheters developed PCB (P < .001). Among patients with central venous catheters, PCB occurred only after visits to AOHA at which the catheters were flushed with heparin solution in the AOHA laboratory rather than in the treatment area (P < .001). P. cepacia was cultured from the only intravenous fluid bag used to prepare heparin flush solution in the laboratory during the interval 7-21 August. All outbreak-associated isolates of P. cepacia had an identical DNA ribotype pattern. These findings emphasize the importance of avoiding multiple use of single-use solutions, especially for high-risk patients with long-term indwelling central venous catheters. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALABAMA ONCOL HEMATOL ASSOCIATES,MONTGOMERY,AL. ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL. NR 16 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 16 IS 3 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KN242 UT WOS:A1993KN24200013 PM 7680908 ER PT J AU NOJI, E AF NOJI, E TI 2ND ASIAN - PACIFIC CONFERENCE ON DISASTER MEDICINE, CHIBA CITY, JAPAN, 10-13 SEPTEMBER 1992 SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article RP NOJI, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA KP994 UT WOS:A1993KP99400010 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K SPAETH, S SALVAN, A AF STEENLAND, K SPAETH, S SALVAN, A TI EXACT STRATIFICATION OF PERSON-YEARS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,R-15,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 4 IS 2 BP 184 EP 184 DI 10.1097/00001648-199303000-00019 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KT386 UT WOS:A1993KT38600019 PM 8452909 ER PT J AU SINKS, TH AF SINKS, TH TI MISCLASSIFIED SARCOMAS AND CONFOUNDED DIOXIN EXPOSURE - REPLY SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP SINKS, TH (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 4 IS 2 BP 187 EP 188 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KT386 UT WOS:A1993KT38600024 ER PT J AU TABLAN, OC AF TABLAN, OC TI NOSOCOMIALLY ACQUIRED PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC-FIBROSIS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; RISK-FACTORS; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION; AERUGINOSA; PNEUMONIA; GUIDELINE; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; ALLERGY RP TABLAN, OC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,INVEST & PREVENT BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,BLDG 3,RM B-49,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 14 IS 3 BP 124 EP 126 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KQ181 UT WOS:A1993KQ18100002 PM 7683030 ER PT J AU WALKER, LL VANLANDINGHAM, RM SHINNICK, TM AF WALKER, LL VANLANDINGHAM, RM SHINNICK, TM TI CLARITHROMYCIN IS BACTERICIDAL AGAINST STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAPSONE AND RIFAMPIN SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEPROSY AND OTHER MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INVIVO ACTIVITIES; INFECTION; INVITRO; MICE; MACROLIDES; AVIUM AB The anti-Mycobacterium leprae activity of clarithromycin when administered alone and in combination with rifampin and dapsone in the diet was determined using the kinetic method of drug evaluation in mice. Clarithromycin when administered at a concentration of 0.1% (w/w) in the diet completely prevented growth of 2 pan-susceptible, 3 dapsone-resistant, 2 rifampin-resistant, and 2 rifampin and dapsone double resistant strains of M. leprae. A 0.03% (w/w) concentration also completely prevented growth of M. leprae in all mice infected with 2 of 7 strains tested, but in only some of the mice infected with the remaining 5 strains. No antagonistic drug interactions were observed between clarithromycin and dapsone or rifampin. The addition of clarithromycin to the currently recommended multidrug regimen should improve the rate of killing of M. leprae and help to prevent the growth of dapsone-resistant and rifampin-resistant strains. RP WALKER, LL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MAIL STOP G35,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEPROSY MISSION PI BATON ROUGE PA GWL HANSENS DISEASE CENTER, LSU VET SCHOOL, RM 11022, SOUTH STADIUM DR, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803-9999 SN 0148-916X J9 INT J LEPROSY JI Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 61 IS 1 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine SC Microbiology; Pathology; Tropical Medicine GA LN701 UT WOS:A1993LN70100010 PM 8326182 ER PT J AU KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP MEBANE, WR OMALLEY, P LEMP, GF HOLMBERG, SD AF KATZ, MH HESSOL, NA BUCHBINDER, SP MEBANE, WR OMALLEY, P LEMP, GF HOLMBERG, SD TI USE OF BAYES THEOREM TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED CD4-BASED EXPANSION OF THE AIDS CASE DEFINITION SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE BAYES THEOREM; CD4; CASE DEFINITION ID HOMOSEXUAL BISEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; HEALTH AB To assess the immediate impact of the proposed CD4-based expansion of the AIDS case definition, we determined two key proportions from a subsample of men from the San Francisco City Clinic Cohort (SFCCC). We then used Bayes theorem to project the number of persons fitting the proposed definition in the entire SFCCC and in the city of San Francisco. Among those men meeting the 1987 AIDS case definition, the proportion with a CD4 cell count <200 cells (within 6 months of their AIDS diagnosis) is 0.70 (16 of 23). Among those with a CD4 count ever <200 cells, the proportion with AIDS is 0.40 (29 of 73). Our estimates show that 446 persons in the SFCCC and 3,603 persons in San Francisco would fit only the expanded definition. Thus, the proposed definition would likely more than double the number of persons who could be diagnosed with AIDS. Bayes theorem offers a simple method for estimating the immediate impact of the proposed CD4-based expansion of the AIDS case definition. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT GOVT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KATZ, MH (reprint author), DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,25 VAN NESS AVE,SUITE 500,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU900523-06] NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 295 EP 297 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KN542 UT WOS:A1993KN54200014 PM 8383734 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB DAVIDSON, M LANIER, AP LAIRMORE, MD AF KAPLAN, JE LAL, RB DAVIDSON, M LANIER, AP LAIRMORE, MD TI HTLV-I IN ALASKA NATIVES SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ANCHORAGE,AK. ALASKA AREA NAT HLTH SERV,ANCHORAGE,AK. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP KAPLAN, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1077-9450 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 3 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA KN542 UT WOS:A1993KN54200024 PM 8450413 ER PT J AU RHODEN, DL HANCOCK, GA MILLER, JM AF RHODEN, DL HANCOCK, GA MILLER, JM TI NUMERICAL APPROACH TO REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS, STOMATOCOCCUS, AND MICROCOCCUS SPP SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI AB A numerical-code system for the reference identification of Staphylococcus species, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, and Micrococcus species was established by using a selected panel of conventional biochemicals. Results from 824 cultures (289 eye isolate cultures, 147 reference strains, and 388 known control strains) were used to generate a list of 354 identification code numbers. Each six-digit code number was based on results from 18 conventional biochemical reactions. Seven milliliters of purple agar base with 1% sterile carbohydrate solution added was poured into 60-mm-diameter agar plates. All biochemical tests were inoculated with 1 drop of a heavy broth suspension, incubated at 35-degrees-C, and read daily for 3 days. All reactions were read and interpreted by the method of Kloos et al. (G. A. Hebert, C. G. Crowder, G. A. Hancock, W. R. Jarvis, and C. Thornsberry, J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1939-1949, 1988; W. E. Kloos and D. W. Lambe, Jr., P. 222-237, in A. Balows, W. J. Hansler, Jr., K. L. Herrmann, H. D. Isenberg, and H. J. Shadomy, ed., Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th ed., 1991). This modified reference identification method was 96 to 98% accurate and could have value in reference and public health laboratory settings. RP RHODEN, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 490 EP 493 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000004 PM 8458941 ER PT J AU LARESVILLA, F DEJONCKHEERE, JF DEMOURA, H RECHIIRURETAGOYENA, A FERREIRAGUERRERO, E FERNANDEZQUINTANILLA, G RUIZMATUS, C VISVESVARA, GS AF LARESVILLA, F DEJONCKHEERE, JF DEMOURA, H RECHIIRURETAGOYENA, A FERREIRAGUERRERO, E FERNANDEZQUINTANILLA, G RUIZMATUS, C VISVESVARA, GS TI 5 CASES OF PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN MEXICALI, MEXICO - STUDY OF THE ISOLATES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; PATHOGENIC NAEGLERIA; VAHLKAMPFIIDAE; ACANTHAMOEBA; WATERS AB Five Naegleria strains isolated from patients with primary amebic meningoencephalitis and one strain isolated from the water of an artificial canal were investigated. All strains were pathogenic for mice when instilled intranasally and showed cytopathic effects in Vero cell cultures. Their growth characteristics (isolation and subculture at 45-degrees-C), serological results, and isoenzyme patterns permitted us to identify the six strains as Naegleria fowleri. This is the first time that Naegleria fowleri has been isolated from patients with primary amebic meningoencephalitis in Mexico. C1 UNIV NACL AUTONOMA MEXICO,ENEP IZTACALA,IMMUNOL LAB,TLALNEPANTLA,MEXICO. UNIV AUTONOMA BAJA CALIFORNIA,SCH MED,MICROBIOL LAB,MEXICALI,BAJA CALIFORNIA,MEXICO. DIRECTORATE EPIDEMIOL,RESIDENCY PROGRAM APPL EPIDEMIOL,MEXICO CITY 03100,DF,MEXICO. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV MED & DENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST HYG & EPIDEMIOL,PROTOZOOL LAB,B-1050 BRUSSELS,BELGIUM. RP LARESVILLA, F (reprint author), IPN,ENCB,DEPT MICROBIOL,CARPIO & PLAN AYALA,COL SANTO TOMAS,MEXICO CITY 11340,DF,MEXICO. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 685 EP 688 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000039 PM 8458963 ER PT J AU MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI HOLLIS, DG AF MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI HOLLIS, DG TI BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF GILARDI ROD GROUP-1 BACTERIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID M-6 AB Fifteen strains of eugonic, nonoxidative, gram-negative rods isolated primarily from human wounds of the extremities and blood formed a distinct group which was designated Gilardi rod group 1. The phenotypic characteristics of Gilardi rod group 1 were most similar to those of CDC group M-5, with the major difference that nitrite reduction was observed with CDC group M-5. All 15 strains of Gilardi rod group 1 possessed a distinct fatty acid profile which was characterized by large amounts (> 15%) of cis-vaccenic (18:1omega7c), palmitic (16:0), myristic (14:0), and lactobacillic (19:0 cyc11,12) acids and moderate amounts (3 to 5%) of lauric (12:0), 3-hydroxylauric (3-OH-12:0), and palmitoleic (16:1omega7c) acids. This fatty acid profile is unique compared with the profiles of CDC group M-5 and other bacteria we have tested and is useful for the rapid identification of Gilardi rod group 1 isolates. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL BACTERIOL REFERENCE LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOSS, CW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ANALYT CHEM LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 689 EP 691 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000040 PM 8384629 ER PT J AU SPACH, DH CALLIS, KP PAAUW, DS HOUZE, YB SCHOENKNECHT, FD WELCH, DF ROSEN, H BRENNER, DJ AF SPACH, DH CALLIS, KP PAAUW, DS HOUZE, YB SCHOENKNECHT, FD WELCH, DF ROSEN, H BRENNER, DJ TI ENDOCARDITIS CAUSED BY ROCHALIMAEA-QUINTANA IN A PATIENT INFECTED WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; AGENT; FEVER AB Rochalimaea quintana and Rochalimaea henselae are closely related, fastidious, gram-negative rickettsiae. Thus far, the spectrum of human Rochalimaea sp. infections has not included endocarditis. We describe a 50-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man who developed endocarditis caused by R. quintana. DNA relatedness studies, which compared our patient's blood culture isolate with known Rochalimaea species, identified the organism as R. quintana. Our report expands the spectrum of Rochalimaea sp. infections and identifies a new infectious cause of endocarditis. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,MED CTR,DIV LAB MED & MICROBIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OKLAHOMA MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS LAB SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DIV INFECT DIS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. OKLAHOMA MED CTR,CLIN MICROBIOL LABS,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73190. RP SPACH, DH (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH MED,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 16 TC 138 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 692 EP 694 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000041 PM 8458964 ER PT J AU HOLLIS, DG MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI MEADOWS, L JORDAN, J HILL, B AF HOLLIS, DG MOSS, CW DANESHVAR, MI MEADOWS, L JORDAN, J HILL, B TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CENTERS FOR DISEASE-CONTROL GROUP NO-1, A FASTIDIOUS, NONOXIDATIVE, GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH DOG AND CAT BITES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACINETOBACTER; BACTERIA AB Seventeen strains of fastidious, nonoxidative, gram-negative rods, isolated from human wounds resulting primarily from dog or cat bites, formed a distinct group, which was designated Centers for Disease Control (CDC) group nonoxidizer 1 (NO-1). The phenotypic characteristics of CDC group NO-1 were most similar to non-acid-producing Acinetobacter species, with the major difference being a negative reaction in the transformation assay test for Acinetobacter spp. The cellular fatty acid composition of CDC group NO-1 was different from those of Acinetobacter species and all other bacteria tested to date. The isolates were susceptible to a variety of antimicrobial agents including the aminoglycosides, beta-lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines, quinolones, and sulfonamides. Fifty percent of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim. Ubiquinone-8 was present as the major isoprenoid quinone in CDC group NO-1. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ANALYT CHEM LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NAT CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HOLLIS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SPECIAL BACTERIOL REFERENCE LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 746 EP 748 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000059 PM 8384631 ER PT J AU BARRY, AL FUCHS, PC JORGENSEN, JH TENOVER, FC ALLEN, SD HARDY, DJ MCLAUGHLIN, JC AF BARRY, AL FUCHS, PC JORGENSEN, JH TENOVER, FC ALLEN, SD HARDY, DJ MCLAUGHLIN, JC TI SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TO PIPERACILLIN-TAZOBACTAM COMBINATIONS - INTERPRETIVE CRITERIA AND QUALITY-CONTROL LIMITS FOR STANDARDIZED TESTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; CATARRHALIS; AMPICILLIN; RESISTANCE; YTR-830 AB In vitro studies evaluated methods for testing the susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae to piperacillin-tazobactam combinations. Ampicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-nonproducing strains of H. influenzae may be presumed to be relatively resistant to combinations of piperacillin-tazobactam, even though they frequently appear to be susceptible by disk diffusion methods. Other ampicillin-resistant or -susceptible strains were predictably susceptible; i.e., 130 such strains gave zones of inhibition greater-than-or-equal-to 26 mm in diameter, and MICs for these strains were less-than-or-equal-to 0.125/4.0 mug/ml (I less-than-or-equal-to 1.0/0.12 mug/ml when an 8:1 ratio was tested). A resistant category has yet to be defined. For quality control purposes, H. influenzae ATCC 49247 should give zones of inhibition 32 to 38 mm in diameter, and broth microdilution MICs should be 0.12/4.0 to 0.5/4.0 mug/ml. C1 ST VINCENT HOSP & MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97225. UNIV NEW MEXICO,MED CTR,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. INDIANA UNIV,MED CTR,INDIANAPOLIS,IN 46202. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ANTIMICROB INVEST,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP BARRY, AL (reprint author), CLIN MICROBIOL INST INC,POB 947,TUALATIN,OR 97062, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 751 EP 753 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000061 PM 8384632 ER PT J AU BETTELHEIM, KA EVANGELIDIS, H PEARCE, JL SOWERS, E STROCKBINE, NA AF BETTELHEIM, KA EVANGELIDIS, H PEARCE, JL SOWERS, E STROCKBINE, NA TI ISOLATION OF A CITROBACTER-FREUNDII STRAIN WHICH CARRIES THE ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157 ANTIGEN SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB A biochemically typical strain of Citrobacter freundii which carries the Escherichia coli O157 antigen is described. The significance of differentiating such strains from typical E. coli O157 strains is stressed. C1 LA TROBE UNIV, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. FAIRFIELD HOSP, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 760 EP 761 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000064 PM 7681442 ER PT J AU HANNON, H BEHETS, F QUINN, TC AF HANNON, H BEHETS, F QUINN, TC TI STABILITY OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 ANTIBODIES IN WHOLE BLOOD-IMPREGNATED FILTER PAPERS UNDER VARIOUS TROPICAL CONDITIONS - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 FAMILY HLTH INT,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC. NIAID,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP HANNON, H (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 31 IS 3 BP 765 EP 766 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KM810 UT WOS:A1993KM81000067 ER PT J AU SNEIDER, JM KINNEY, RM TSUCHIYA, KR TRENT, DW AF SNEIDER, JM KINNEY, RM TSUCHIYA, KR TRENT, DW TI MOLECULAR EVIDENCE THAT EPIZOOTIC VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS (VEE) I-AB VIRUSES ARE NOT EVOLUTIONARY DERIVATIVES OF ENZOOTIC VEE SUBTYPE-I-E OR II VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ENCODED STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; TRINIDAD DONKEY STRAIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DEDUCED SEQUENCE; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPROTEINS; CONSTRUCTION AB Enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus occur in the United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America and South America. Epizootic VEE first occurred in North and Central America in a widespread outbreak between 1969 and 1972. To investigate the likelihood that this epizootic VEE virus, identified as VEE antigenic subtype I-AB, evolved from enzootic viruses extant in the region, we cloned and sequenced the 26S mRNA region of the genomes of the Florida VEE subtype II virus, strain Everglades Fe3-7c, and the Middle American subtype I-E virus, strain Mena II. This region of the genome encodes the viral structural proteins. The sequences of the 26S mRNA regions of the Everglades and Mena virus genomes differed from that of the reference epizootic VEE subtype I-AB virus, Trinidad donkey strain, by 453 and 887 nucleotides and by 66 and 131 amino acids, respectively. These data confirm previous reports demonstrating significant antigenic and genetic distance between VEE I-AB virus and viruses of subtypes I-E and II. It is unlikely that the epizootic VEE I-AB virus responsible for the 1969 outbreak originated from mutation of enzootic VEE viruses in North or Middle America. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 74 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-74-3-519 PN 3 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA KQ511 UT WOS:A1993KQ51100026 PM 8445371 ER PT J AU SCHOEMAN, CJ VANDERVYVER, AE VISVESVARA, GS AF SCHOEMAN, CJ VANDERVYVER, AE VISVESVARA, GS TI PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBA; INFECTIONS; NAEGLERIA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHOEMAN, CJ (reprint author), UNIV ORANGE FREE STATE,DEPT PAEDIAT & CHILD HLTH,POB 339,BLOEMFONTEIN 9300,SOUTH AFRICA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0163-4453 J9 J INFECTION JI J. Infect. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 26 IS 2 BP 211 EP & DI 10.1016/0163-4453(93)93085-I PG 0 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA KW287 UT WOS:A1993KW28700015 PM 8473770 ER PT J AU STORCH, GA HALL, CB ANDERSON, LJ PARK, CS DOHNER, DE AF STORCH, GA HALL, CB ANDERSON, LJ PARK, CS DOHNER, DE TI ANTIGENIC AND NUCLEIC-ACID ANALYSIS OF NOSOCOMIAL ISOLATES OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBGROUP-B; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GROUP-A; STRAINS; HETEROGENEITY; DIVERGENCE; INFECTIONS; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE AB Monoclonal antibodies and ribonuclease protection were used to analyze antigenic and genomic diversity among 42 isolates of group A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) from studies of nosocomial RSV carried out at the University of Rochester during the 1974-1975 and 1975-1976 RSV seasons. Three distinct subgroups or lineages and a total of 12 viral variants were present. Against this background of diversity, an outbreak was recognized that included 13 indistinguishable isolates occurring during a 2-week period. This outbreak accounted for 6 of the 8 infants with nosocomial infection. In contrast to the limited diversity of the nosocomial isolates, isolates from the 10 infants with community-acquired infection included 8 variants. Like those from community outbreaks of RSV, isolates of RSV from hospitalized patients are virologically heterogeneous. However, discrete outbreaks associated with transmission of a single strain can occur. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,EDWIN MALLINCKRODT DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. JOHN COCHRAN VA HOSP,MED SERV,ST LOUIS,MO. UNIV ROCHESTER,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 167 IS 3 BP 562 EP 566 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KN152 UT WOS:A1993KN15200007 PM 8440927 ER PT J AU WATSON, JC FLEMING, DW BORELLA, AJ OLCOTT, ES CONRAD, RE BARON, RC AF WATSON, JC FLEMING, DW BORELLA, AJ OLCOTT, ES CONRAD, RE BARON, RC TI VERTICAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-A RESULTING IN AN OUTBREAK IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFANT AB Vertical transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) has not been reported. From 25 October to 15 November 1989, 10 cases of symptomatic HAV infection occurred among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff. Testing of other NICU staff and patients identified 4 infected infants. Hepatitis A among staff was associated with caring for 1 of these infants, infant A (relative risk [RR], undefined; P = .05). Risk of illness was greater for staff who did not routinely wash their hands after treating infant A for apnea and bradycardia (RR = 4.9; P = .02). Staff, infants. visitors, and transfused blood products could not be implicated as a source of infant A's infection. Infant A's mother, however, was diagnosed with hepatitis A 10 days after premature labor and delivery. Evidence suggests that infant A was infected by his mother before or during birth. HAV then spread within the NICU because of breaks in infection control precautions. To prevent future outbreaks, NICU staff should adhere rigorously to body substance isolation measures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH DIV,OFF EPIDEMIOL & HLTH STAT,PORTLAND,OR. OREGON HLTH DIV,PUBL HLTH LABS,PORTLAND,OR. ROGUE VALLEY MED CTR,MEDFORD,OR. JACKSON CTY HLTH DEPT,MEDFORD,OR. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 167 IS 3 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KN152 UT WOS:A1993KN15200008 PM 8440928 ER PT J AU WACHSMUTH, IK EVINS, GM FIELDS, PI OLSVIK, O POPOVIC, T BOPP, CA WELLS, JG CARRILLO, C BLAKE, PA AF WACHSMUTH, IK EVINS, GM FIELDS, PI OLSVIK, O POPOVIC, T BOPP, CA WELLS, JG CARRILLO, C BLAKE, PA TI THE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHOLERA IN LATIN-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STATES GULF-COAST; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; UNITED-STATES; GENES; DIARRHEA; MEXICO; PERU AB To explain the sudden appearance and rapid spread of cholera in Latin America in January 1991, molecular techniques were used to define Vibrio cholerae 01 isolates from around the world. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rRNA and ctxA genes, DNA sequence of cholera toxin B subunit gene ctxB, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis data were used to characterize 197 isolates. Worldwide, there are at least four distinct toxigenic El Tor V. cholerae 01 clones: the seventh pandemic (Eastern Hemisphere), US Gulf Coast, Australian, and Latin American. Nontoxigenic V. cholerae 01 previously isolated in Brazil. Mexico, and Peru are unlike current toxigenic isolates. The Latin American clone probably represents an extension of the seventh pandemic into the Western Hemisphere, while the US Gulf Coast clone most likely evolved separately. These data will be useful in monitoring the spread of cholera. determining the origin of outbreaks in both hemispheres, and implicating specific vehicles of transmission. C1 PERUVIAN UNIV,SCH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL,LIMA,PERU. RP WACHSMUTH, IK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 117 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 167 IS 3 BP 621 EP 626 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KN152 UT WOS:A1993KN15200015 PM 7680060 ER PT J AU BLAKE, PA RAMOS, S MACDONALD, KL RASSI, V GOMES, TAT IVEY, C BEAN, NH TRABULSI, LR AF BLAKE, PA RAMOS, S MACDONALD, KL RASSI, V GOMES, TAT IVEY, C BEAN, NH TRABULSI, LR TI PATHOGEN-SPECIFIC RISK-FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASE IN URBAN BRAZILIAN INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BREAST-MILK; CHILDREN; SALMONELLOSIS; TRANSMISSION; PERU; ENTEROPATHOGENS; INTERVENTIONS; BANGLADESH AB To evaluate potential risk factors and protective factors for acute diarrheal disease in urban infants, 500 infants less-than-or-equal-to 1 2 months old with diarrhea and 500 age-matched control subjects coming to a Sao Paulo emergency room were studied. On multivariate analysis, these apparently sporadic community-acquired cases of diarrhea were significantly associated with hospitalization in the month before onset (odds ratio [OR], 3.4), day care center exposure (OR, 2.0), prior diarrhea in another household member (OR, 4.4), and low family income (OR, 1.8). Breast-feeding infants < 6 months old (OR, 0.3) and boiling household drinking water (OR, 0.4) were protective. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC; OR, 12.0) and Salmonella (OR, 7/0, discordant pairs) infections were associated with prior hospitalization, rotavirus infections were associated with day care (OR, 6/0), and breast-feeding was protective against EPEC infections (OR, 0. 1). These results suggest that certain preventive strategies can prevent a substantial proportion of cases of diarrheal disease in Brazilian infants. C1 ESCOLA PAULISTA MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL IMMUNOL & PARASITOL,BR-04023 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. HOSP INFANTIL MENINO JESUS,INST CRIANCA,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST CIENCIAS BIOMED,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP BLAKE, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 32 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 167 IS 3 BP 627 EP 632 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KN152 UT WOS:A1993KN15200016 PM 8440933 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, JK SWERLICK, RA GRADY, KK MILLET, P WICK, TM AF JOHNSON, JK SWERLICK, RA GRADY, KK MILLET, P WICK, TM TI CYTOADHERENCE OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM-INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES TO MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM IS REGULATABLE BY CYTOKINES AND PHORBOL ESTER SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; PARASITIZED ERYTHROCYTES; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SHEAR CONDITIONS; FLOW CONDITIONS; MELANOMA-CELLS AB Cytoadherence of HB3 and FC27 strains of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized red blood cells (PRBC) was studied under shear conditions to elucidate the pathways of adherence to microvascular endothelial cells (MEC). HB3 PRBC bound exclusively to MEC CD36 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) receptors. FC27 PRBC bound to CD36 and another unidentified pathway but not to ICAM- 1. Down-regulation of CD36 and ICAM-1 expression by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate abolished HB3 PRBC adherence. Selective up-regulation of CD36 with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increased PRBC adherence. Conversely, selective up-regulation of ICAM-1 with tumor necrosis factor did not elevate cytoadherence. These data have defined the relative contributions of both CD36 and ICAM-1 to PRBC binding to MEC and have provided evidence for the presence of a novel adhesion mechanism. Furthermore, in addition to antibody blocking of cell adhesion molecules, anti-IFN-gamma antibody therapy or pharmacologic manipulation of endothelial cell receptor expression may reduce PRBC sequestration and ameliorate the events associated with human cerebral malaria. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH CHEM ENGN,778 ATLANTIC DR,ATLANTA,GA 30332. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,IST INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OI Wick, Timothy/0000-0001-8922-0939 NR 42 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 167 IS 3 BP 698 EP 703 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KN152 UT WOS:A1993KN15200024 PM 7680061 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, KA PASKEWITZ, SM COPELAND, RS KOROS, J BEACH, RF GITHURE, JI COLLINS, FH AF TAYLOR, KA PASKEWITZ, SM COPELAND, RS KOROS, J BEACH, RF GITHURE, JI COLLINS, FH TI COMPARISON OF 2 RIBOSOMAL DNA-BASED METHODS FOR DIFFERENTIATING MEMBERS OF THE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; IDENTIFICATION ID KISUMU AREA; WESTERN KENYA; OMS-43 FENITROTHION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; GILES COMPLEX; ARABIENSIS; PROBE; MOSQUITOS AB Two DNA-based methods, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used to identify mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex collected in Kenya. Field-collected specimens of An. gambiae, An. arabiensis Patton, and An. merus Donity were tested. From a sample of 208 mosquitoes, 181 (87%) were identified by the RFLP method and 205 (99%) were identified by the PCR method. There was complete concordance between the two methods with regard to species identification. PCR assays were simpler, faster, and more reliable than RFLP assays. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 30 IS 2 BP 457 EP 461 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA KP402 UT WOS:A1993KP40200022 PM 8096250 ER PT J AU PERRY, G YIP, R BYERS, T MARGEN, S AF PERRY, G YIP, R BYERS, T MARGEN, S TI HEMOGLOBIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BLACKS AND WHITES - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,NUTR PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP PERRY, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 123 IS 3 BP 599 EP 599 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA KP909 UT WOS:A1993KP90900014 ER PT J AU STAYNER, LT DANNENBERG, AL BLOOM, T THUN, M AF STAYNER, LT DANNENBERG, AL BLOOM, T THUN, M TI EXCESS HEPATOBILIARY CANCER MORTALITY AMONG MUNITIONS WORKERS EXPOSED TO DINITROTOLUENE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RATS AB An analysis of the mortality experience of workers exposed to dinitrotoluene (DNT) was conducted to test the hypothesis that DNT exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancers of the liver and biliary tract. A total of 4,989 workers exposed to DNT and 7,436 unexposed workers who had worked for at least 5 months at the study facility between January 1, 1949 and January 21, 1980, were included in this investigation. Workers were considered exposed if they had worked at least 1 day on a job with probable exposure to DNT The vital status as of December 31, 1982, was successfully ascertained for approximately 97% of these workers. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated based upon comparisons with the US population using a modified life-table program. In addition, standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were computed based upon direct comparisons between the DNT and the internal unexposed cohort. An excess of hepatobiliary cancer was observed among workers exposed to DNT in this study. The rate ratio for hepatobiliary cancer was 2.67 (six cases observed) based upon comparison with the US population (SMR = 2.67, 95% CI = 0.98, 5.83), and 3.88 based upon comparison using the internal unexposed referent group (SRR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.04, 14.41). This study failed to demonstrate an exposure-response relationship between duration of DNT exposure and hepatobiliary cancer mortality. Our study was limited by the small number of workers with long duration of exposure to DNT, and by the lack of quantitative information on exposure to DNT and other chemicals. Nonetheless, the excess in hepatobiliary cancer mortality observed among DNT-exposed workers in this study is similar to the findings form experimental studies of DNT-exposed animals. On balance, we believe that our findings add some support for the hypothesis that occupational exposure to DNT may be carcinogenic. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP STAYNER, LT (reprint author), NIOSH,MAIL STOP C-15,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y01-HC-50011-00] NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 35 IS 3 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KQ878 UT WOS:A1993KQ87800008 PM 8384257 ER PT J AU BUCHNER, DM HORNBROOK, MC KUTNER, NG TINETTI, ME ORY, MG MULROW, CD SCHECHTMAN, KB GERETY, MB FIATARONE, MA WOLF, SL ROSSITER, J ARFKEN, C KANTEN, K LIPSITZ, LA SATTIN, RW DENINO, LA AF BUCHNER, DM HORNBROOK, MC KUTNER, NG TINETTI, ME ORY, MG MULROW, CD SCHECHTMAN, KB GERETY, MB FIATARONE, MA WOLF, SL ROSSITER, J ARFKEN, C KANTEN, K LIPSITZ, LA SATTIN, RW DENINO, LA TI DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON DATA-BASE FOR THE FICSIT TRIALS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MINI-MENTAL STATE; SELF-EFFICACY; RISK-FACTORS; FALLS; COMMUNITY; BALANCE; SCALE; FEAR AB The eight FICSIT (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques) sites test different intervention strategies in selected target groups of older adults. To compare the relative potential of these interventions to reduce frailty and fall-related injuries, all sites share certain descriptive (risk-adjustment) measures and outcome measures. This article describes the shared measures, which are referred to as the FICSIT Common Data Base (CDB). The description is divided into four sections according to the four FICSIT committees responsible for the CDB: (1) psychosocial health and demographic measures; (2) physical health measures; (3) fall-related measures; and (4) cost and cost-effectiveness measures. Because the structure of the FICSIT trial is unusual, the CDB should expedite secondary analyses of various research questions dealing with frailty and falls. C1 SEATTLE VA MED CTR,HLTH SERV RES & DEV FIELD PROGRAM,SEATTLE,WA. AUDIE L MURPHY VET AFFAIRS HOSP,CTR GERIATR RES EDUC & CLIN,SAN ANTONIO,TX. TUFTS UNIV,HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT REHABIL MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT MED,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NIA,DIV BEHAV & SOCIAL RES,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KAISER PERMANENTE,CTR HLTH RES,NW REG,PORTLAND,OR. WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BIOSTAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. HARVARD UNIV,BETH ISRAEL HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV AGING,BOSTON,MA 02215. BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP,DIV GERONTOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH CARE SYST,PORTLAND,OR 97201. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP BUCHNER, DM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT HLTH SERV SC37,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010; OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995; Miller, J Philip/0000-0003-4568-6846 FU NIA NIH HHS [U01-AG09087, U01-AG09089, U01-AG09117] NR 35 TC 226 Z9 234 U1 12 U2 17 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 297 EP 308 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA KP998 UT WOS:A1993KP99800017 PM 8440854 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE AF NELSON, DE TI ALCOHOL-USE AND FALLS - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter ID RISK-FACTORS RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 41 IS 3 BP 346 EP 347 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA KP998 UT WOS:A1993KP99800032 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE MCCLURE, H STROBERT, E SKINNER, JC RICHARDSON, BB ROBERTS, JM GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, J MORRIS, CL ADAMS, SR AF COLLINS, WE MCCLURE, H STROBERT, E SKINNER, JC RICHARDSON, BB ROBERTS, JM GALLAND, GG SULLIVAN, J MORRIS, CL ADAMS, SR TI EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE SS, ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI AND ANOPHELES-STEPHENSI WITH PLASMODIUM-MALARIAE AND PLASMODIUM-BRASILIANUM SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UGANDA I/CDC STRAIN; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; MONKEYS; AOTUS; GENE AB Susceptibility to infection of 2 strains of Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. freeborni and An. stephensi, was determined for 2 closely related malaria parasites, Plasmodium malariae and P. brasilianum. Neither strain of An. gambiae supported development of oocyst densities as great as the other 2 anopheline mosquitoes. The ZAN strain of An. gambiae s.s. from Zanzibar was more susceptible to infection with the strain of P. malariae from Uganda than the G-3 strain of An. gambiae s.s. from The Gambia. All species and strains of mosquitoes supported complete development to the presence of sporozoites in the salivary glands. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSN INC PI LAKE CHARLES PA 707-A EAST PRIEN LAKE ROAD, PO BOX 5416, LAKE CHARLES, LA 70606-5416 SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA KW008 UT WOS:A1993KW00800011 PM 8468576 ER PT J AU SATTEN, GA KUPPER, LL AF SATTEN, GA KUPPER, LL TI INFERENCES ABOUT EXPOSURE-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS USING PROBABILITY-OF-EXPOSURE INFORMATION SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE CONDITIONAL LIKELIHOOD; LOGISTIC REGRESSION; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; MISCLASSIFICATION; ODDS; ODDS RATIOS; PROBABILITY-OF-EXPOSURE MODELS; SURROGATE VARIABLES; UNCONDITIONAL LIKELIHOOD AB Unconditional and conditional likelihood methods are proposed for modeling odds and odds ratios relating a binary disease variable and an exposure variable that is only known probabilistically (e.g., via measurement of a surrogate exposure variable), while adjusting appropriately for a vector of covariables. Assuming nondifferential errors, a probabilistic structure is developed that permits analysis of the marginal relation between disease and the surrogate while maintaining important properties of the marginal relation between disease and true exposure. In particular, analyses conditioned on marginal totals in surrogate-disease tables remove the same nuisance parameters as are removed in a conditional analysis of true exposure-disease tables. In addition, a relation between the probability of exposure (POE) in the disease and disease-free groups is derived, permitting the use of information about exposure from populations with structure different from the study population. Examples are presented illustrating methods appropriate when the POE values are known or when they must be estimated using partial information on true exposure; in this latter case, the exposure data may be considered to be missing at random. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. RP SATTEN, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MS E48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 13 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 88 IS 421 BP 200 EP 208 DI 10.2307/2290714 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA KP993 UT WOS:A1993KP99300029 ER PT J AU LEE, LA THREATT, VL PUHR, ND LEVINE, P FERRIS, K TAUXE, RV AF LEE, LA THREATT, VL PUHR, ND LEVINE, P FERRIS, K TAUXE, RV TI ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANT SALMONELLA SPP ISOLATED FROM HEALTHY BROILER-CHICKENS AFTER SLAUGHTER SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BACTEREMIA; SPREAD; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIC AB Of 105 Salmonella organisms of any serotype selected from a sample of 1,824 serotyped salmonellae isolated during a nationwide bacteriologic survey of healthy broiler chickens after slaughter, 60 (57%) were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobial agents and 47 (45%) were resistant to 2 or more agents. Highest resistance was to tetracycline (45%), streptomycin (41%), sulfisoxazole (19%), gentamicin (10%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8%). Additional isolates of S typhimurium, heidelberg, agona, and enteritidis were selected from the sample of 1,824 isolates for testing because of the high frequency with which these 4 serotypes are isolated from human patients. The highest frequency of resistance among 104 isolates of S heidelberg, 92 isolates of S typhimurium, and 30 isolates of S agona was to streptomycin (33 to 57%), sulfisoxazole (33 to 50%), tetracycline (26 to 50%), and gentamicin (13 to 40%); 51 to 63% of these isolates were resistant to 1 or more agents and 37 to 59% were resistant to 2 or more agents. Resistance to ampicillin among these 3 serotypes was uncommon (0 to 4%). In contrast, 15 of 19 tested isolates (79%) of S enteritidis were resistant to ampicillin and 13 of the 19 isolates (68%) were resistant only to ampicillin. This pattern of resistance was associated with a specific bacteriophage type and indicated the potential role of bacterial clones in determining the frequency and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in populations of broiler chickens. Resistance to gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was higher than that previously reported and is of public health concern because of the frequency with which these drugs are used to treat bacterial infections in human patients. C1 TUSKEGEE UNIV,SCH VET MED,TUSKEGEE,AL 36088. USDA,DIV MICROBIOL,MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,AMES,IA 50010. RP LEE, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIOL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 1993 VL 202 IS 5 BP 752 EP 755 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA KN825 UT WOS:A1993KN82500019 PM 8454507 ER PT J AU KINNEY, RM CHANG, GJ TSUCHIYA, KR SNEIDER, JM ROEHRIG, JT WOODWARD, TM TRENT, DW AF KINNEY, RM CHANG, GJ TSUCHIYA, KR SNEIDER, JM ROEHRIG, JT WOODWARD, TM TRENT, DW TI ATTENUATION OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS STRAIN TC-83 IS ENCODED BY THE 5'-NONCODING REGION AND THE E2 ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE CHANGE; TRINIDAD DONKEY STRAIN; SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; VEE VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; E2-GLYCOPROTEIN GENE; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; MICE AB The virulent Trinidad donkey (TRD) strain of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus and its live attenuated vaccine derivative, TC-83 virus, have different neurovirulence characteristics. A full-length cDNA clone of the TC-83 virus genome was constructed behind the bacteriophage T7 promoter in the polylinker of plasmid pUC18. To identify the genomic determinants of TC-83 virus attenuation, TRD virus-specific sequences were inserted into the TC-83 virus clone by in vitro mutagenesis or recombination. Antigenic analysis of recombinant viruses with VEE E2- and E1-specific monoclonal antibodies gave predicted antigenic reactivities. Mouse challenge experiments indicated that genetic markers responsible for the attenuated phenotype of TC-83 virus are composed of genome nucleotide position 3 in the 5'-noncoding region and the E2 envelope glycoprotein. TC-83 virus amino acid position E2-120 appeared to be the major structural determinant of attenuation. Insertion of the TRD virus-specific 5'-noncoding region, by itself, into the TC-83 virus full-length clone did not alter the attenuated phenotype Of the virus. However, the TRD virus-specific 5'-noncoding region enhanced the virulence potential of downstream TRD virus amino acid sequences. RP KINNEY, RM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522, USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 55 TC 122 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1269 EP 1277 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA KM613 UT WOS:A1993KM61300016 PM 7679745 ER PT J AU ORLOFF, SL KENNEDY, MS BELPERRON, AA MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS AF ORLOFF, SL KENNEDY, MS BELPERRON, AA MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS TI 2 MECHANISMS OF SOLUBLE CD4 (SCD4)-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 (HIV-1) INFECTIVITY AND THEIR RELATION TO PRIMARY HIV-1 ISOLATES WITH REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO SCD4 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; HTLV-III/LAV; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; MEMBRANE-FUSION; GP120 BINDING; T4 MOLECULE; CELLS; AFFINITY; DISSOCIATION AB Two assays for measuring inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by soluble CD4 (sCD4) are described. Experiments in which sCD4, HIV-1, and cell concentrations and sequence of combination, noninfectious/infectious particle ratio, and temperature were varied produced results that support the conclusion that sCD4 inhibits HIV-1 infection by two mechanisms: reversible blockage of receptor binding and irreversible inactivation of infectivity. Fresh isolates obtained from HiV-1-infected persons were tested in both assays and found to be more resistant to both mechanisms of sCD4-mediated inhibition than multiply passaged laboratory strains. Binding studies revealed similar affinities for sCD4 in detergent lysates of sensitive and resistant strains at both 4 and 37-degrees-C. The avidity of intact virions for sCD4 was lower at 4 than at 37-degrees-C, and in the presence of excess,sCD4, less sCD4 was bound at 4 than at 37-degrees-C. The avidity differences were similar for fresh isolates and laboratory strains. However, fresh isolates were more resistant to sCD4-induced shedding of envelope glycoprotein gp120 from intact virions than was the laboratory strain. Relative resistance to sCD4 by certain isolates does not represent a lower intrinsic affinity of their envelope for sCD4 or a lower capacity for sCD4 binding. Rather, an event that occurs after binding may account for the differences. This postbinding event or feature may be determined by regions of the envelope outside the CD4 binding site. C1 PROGEN PHARMACEUT INC,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591. RP ORLOFF, SL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1461 EP 1471 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA KM613 UT WOS:A1993KM61300039 PM 8437224 ER PT J AU WILSON, M ARROWOOD, MJ AF WILSON, M ARROWOOD, MJ TI DIAGNOSTIC PARASITOLOGY - DIRECT DETECTION METHODS AND SERODIAGNOSIS .3. SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In this article, the third in a four-part series on diagnostic parasitology, we review the current state of immunodiagnosis of human infections with parasites. The availability of antibody detection tests and commercial reagents are discussed. RP WILSON, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,F-13,4770 BUFORD HWY,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 24 IS 3 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA KN616 UT WOS:A1993KN61600005 ER PT J AU AKOURY, DA SEO, JJ JAMES, CD ZAKI, SR AF AKOURY, DA SEO, JJ JAMES, CD ZAKI, SR TI RT-PCR DETECTION OF MESSENGER-RNA RECOVERED FROM ARCHIVAL GLASS SLIDE SMEARS SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE RNA; MESSENGER RNA; RT-PCR; E2A-PBX1; T(1 19) ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; CONSERVATION; REGIONS; FUSION; GENES; CELLS AB This manuscript describes a protocol for the utilization of glass slide preparations of hematologic specimens for the recovery of mRNA that is of a quality suitable for the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of specific gene expression. Total cellular RNA obtained from archival bone marrow aspirate smears of 23 leukemia patients, which had been stored for periods of time from 1 day to 34 mo, were extracted, and 1 to 2 mug of each were subjected to RT-PCR using primer pairs specific for the amplification of beta-actin cDNA. Three pairs of primers for the amplification of beta-actin cDNAs of 83, 260, and 540 base pairs were used to evaluate the length of mRNA that could be analyzed; the results indicate the consistent amplification of cDNA for the short- and intermediate-sized fragments as revealed by ethidium bromide fluorescence of agarose gel-resolved PCR products. To address the utility of RT-PCR analysis towards the detection of mRNA associated with specific gene alterations in such specimens, a primer pair for amplification of the E2A-PBX1 fusion cDNA was used in PCRs of RT cDNAs for each of the 23 specimens, three of which were pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias known to have the t(1;19) karyotype alteration resulting in the fusion of the E2A and PBX1 genes. Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the products of these RT-PCR amplifications revealed the amplification of the fusion gene cDNA in only those cases for which there was cytogenetic documentation of t(1;19); these results were confirmed by the Southern filter hybridization of an internal E2A-PBX1 oligonucleotide. These data indicate that RNA obtained from archival hematologic smears is amenable to RT-PCR detection of gene expression through the use of single primer pairs that amplify cDNA fragments of at least 260 base pairs, and therefore they underscore the value of such specimens for the retrospective analysis of specific gene alterations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JAMES, CD (reprint author), EMORY UNIV SOM,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. RI James, Charles/E-2721-2012 OI James, Charles/0000-0002-1027-203X NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 6 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA KV283 UT WOS:A1993KV28300018 PM 8483891 ER PT J AU ROGERS, BB SINGER, DB MAK, SK GARY, GW FIKRIG, MK MCMILLAN, PN AF ROGERS, BB SINGER, DB MAK, SK GARY, GW FIKRIG, MK MCMILLAN, PN TI DETECTION OF HUMAN PARVOVIRUS-B19 IN EARLY SPONTANEOUS ABORTUSES USING SEROLOGY, HISTOLOGY, ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, INSITU HYBRIDIZATION, AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROPS FETALIS; B19 INFECTION; PREGNANCY; DNA AB Objective: To determine whether there is an association between parvovirus B19 infection and early spontaneous abortion at less than 20 weeks' gestation. Methods: Eighty samples of early spontaneous abortions were analyzed. Each sample was examined histologically for the presence of viral inclusions, and selected cases were analyzed for parvovirus using electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification for the virus was done in each case. Maternal sera were analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG parvovirus antibodies and compared with temporally matched controls. Results: Five cases in the study group had evidence of seroconversion for parvovirus, compared with two controls. Products of conception from two of these five cases were positive for virus by polymerase chain reaction amplification, and only one of these two had a characteristic inclusion of parvovirus histologically. Conversely, five chorionic vesicles from mothers who had not seroconverted had histologic changes suggesting parvovirus infection, but all of these cases were negative for parvovirus using in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. Conclusions: Parvovirus B19 DNA was found in two of 80 early spontaneous abortuses. Although viral DNA was detected in two cases, there was no clear evidence that the infections caused fetal death. Neither case showed erythroblastosis with large numbers of inclusions, as is seen in hydropic fetuses with parvovirus infection. In addition, in five cases in which parvovirus infection was not documented serologically or by the polymerase chain reaction, there was erythroid nuclear clearing suggestive of parvovirus B19 inclusions. This indicates that histologic evaluation for parvoviral inclusions is not always reliable in early spontaneous abortuses. C1 WOMEN & INFANTS HOSP RHODE ISL,DEPT PATHOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BROWN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. RHODE ISL HOSP,DEPT PATHOL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02902. YALE UNIV,DEPT LAB MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 29303] NR 18 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 81 IS 3 BP 402 EP 408 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA KN206 UT WOS:A1993KN20600018 PM 8437795 ER PT J AU ZHAO, JL SASTRY, SM SPERDUTO, RD CHEW, EY REMALEY, NA YANNUZZI, LA SORENSON, JA SEDDON, JM GRAGOUDAS, ES PULIAFITO, CA BURTON, TC FARBER, MD BLAIR, N STELMACK, T AXELROD, A HALLER, J PUSIN, S CASSEL, G SEIGEL, D SPERDUTO, RD HILLER, R CHEW, E TAMBOLI, A MILLER, DT SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW DUNN, M AF ZHAO, JL SASTRY, SM SPERDUTO, RD CHEW, EY REMALEY, NA YANNUZZI, LA SORENSON, JA SEDDON, JM GRAGOUDAS, ES PULIAFITO, CA BURTON, TC FARBER, MD BLAIR, N STELMACK, T AXELROD, A HALLER, J PUSIN, S CASSEL, G SEIGEL, D SPERDUTO, RD HILLER, R CHEW, E TAMBOLI, A MILLER, DT SOWELL, AL GUNTER, EW DUNN, M TI ARTERIOVENOUS CROSSING PATTERNS IN BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Purpose: The study was designed to evaluate the relative anatomic position of the crossing vessels at the site of occlusion in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: Fundus photographs of 106 eyes (104 patients) with recent BRVO from the Eye Disease Case-Control Study were used to examine the relative position of artery and vein at occluded crossings. Three separate comparison groups were formed by identifying corresponding arteriovenous crossings for each occluded crossing in: (1) the ipsilateral but opposite vessel arcade within eyes affected by BRVO; (2) the same quadrant in unaffected eyes of BRVO patients; and (3) the same quadrant in eyes of patients without BRVO, matched by age, sex, and race with the BRVO patients. Results: The site of obstruction of the branch vein was an arteriovenous crossing in all affected eyes. In 99% of eyes with BRVO, the artery was located anterior to the vein at the obstructed site. In the three comparison groups, the artery was anterior to the vein in 62%, 61%, and 54% of the crossings, respectively, yielding statistically significant differences for each group of control crossings compared with BRVO crossings (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Finding the vein to be consistently between the more rigid artery and the retina at almost all arteriovenous crossings affected by BRVO suggests a possible role for mechanical obstruction in the pathogenesis of BRVO. C1 NEI,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,BIOMETRY & EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BLDG 31,6A24,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MANHATTAN EYE EAR & THROAT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10021. HARVARD UNIV,MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR INFIRM,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02114. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. ORKAND CORP,CTR COORDINATING,SILVER SPRING,MD. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV HOSP,WILMER OPHTHALMOL INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & HYG CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 EY999999] NR 11 TC 81 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAR PY 1993 VL 100 IS 3 BP 423 EP 428 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA KT500 UT WOS:A1993KT50000030 PM 8460014 ER PT J AU BRYAN, RT AF BRYAN, RT TI INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN A CHILEAN PATIENT WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME (AIDS) - CRITICAL COMMENTARY SO PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE LA English DT Letter ID N-SP; ENTEROCYTOZOON RP BRYAN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0344-0338 J9 PATHOL RES PRACT JI Pathol. Res. Pract. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 189 IS 2 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA KY676 UT WOS:A1993KY67600016 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR CALDWELL, MB SIMONDS, RJ AF HORSBURGH, CR CALDWELL, MB SIMONDS, RJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DISSEMINATED NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID INFECTION; AVIUM; AIDS AB Between 1981 and 1991, disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (DNTM) was reported in 199 (5.7%) of 3472 children less than 13 years of age with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. More than 85% of DNTM cases were caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium complex. The proportion of AIDS cases with DNTM was higher in those with hemophilia or transfusion-associated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than in those with perinatally acquired HIV infection (12.9% and 13.8% vs. 4.6%; P < 0.001). The proportion of AIDS cases with DNTM did not differ significantly by sex (6.1% in males and 5.3% in females) or race (7.4% in whites, 5.0% in blacks and 5.5% in Hispanics) when stratified by HIV transmission category. An active HIV infection surveillance project in 6 geographic areas revealed that the median age at diagnosis of DNTM was 3.3 years for perinatally acquired HIV infection but 8.7 years for DNTM in children with hemophilia or AIDS associated with transfusion, presumably because many of the latter acquired HIV at an older age. Among children with DNTM who had CD4 counts performed within 6 months of the date of DNTM, the median was 17 cells/mm3 and 70% of cases of DNTM occurred in children with fewer than 50 CD4 cells. We conclude that clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for DNTM in children with lower CD4 counts and a longer duration of HIV infection and that preventive strategies, such as prophylactic antimycobacterial therapy, should be focused on this group of children. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1097/00006454-199303000-00009 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KQ953 UT WOS:A1993KQ95300009 PM 8095716 ER PT J AU JONES, DS ABRAMS, E OU, CY NESHEIM, S CONNOR, E DAVENNY, K THOMAS, P SAWYER, M KRASINSKI, K BAMJI, M RAPIER, J KILBOURNE, B ROGERS, M AF JONES, DS ABRAMS, E OU, CY NESHEIM, S CONNOR, E DAVENNY, K THOMAS, P SAWYER, M KRASINSKI, K BAMJI, M RAPIER, J KILBOURNE, B ROGERS, M TI LACK OF DETECTABLE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN ANTIBODY-NEGATIVE CHILDREN BORN TO HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED MOTHERS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PEDIATRIC HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; SEROREVERSION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-INFECTION; INFANTS BORN; TYPE-1; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; HISTORY; ANTIGEN; BLOOD AB More than one-half of the children born to women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are not infected with HIV. Most of these children, although born antibody-positive, lose maternal antibody and remain asymptomatic. However, it has been unclear how many antibody-negative children of HIV-infected women may truly be infected despite the loss of passively acquired maternal antibody. One hundred nine children who lost maternal antibody after birth to HIV-infected women recruited in four United States maternal HIV transmission studies were examined for HIV infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine whether children had HIV proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A total of 268 samples from 109 children were tested. Clinical status and other laboratory findings were also evaluated. The median age at last follow-up was 25 months (range, 12 to 48 months). One hundred seven (98%) children were negative by PCR on all samples tested. None (95% confidence interval, 0.0 to 1.9%) of 109 children had a repeatedly positive PCR. Two children had single positive PCR results that could not be confirmed on subsequent testing. No other laboratory or clinical findings supported HIV infection in either of these children. The loss of HIV antibody in an asymptomatic child born to an HIV-infected woman strongly suggests that the child is not infected with HIV. Single positive PCR results, particularly in the absence of other clinical or laboratory evidence of HIV infection, should not be used alone to diagnose HIV infection. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLUMBIA UNIV,HARLEM HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10027. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,NEWARK,NJ 07103. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10467. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NYU MED CTR,BELLEVUE HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10016. METROPOLITAN HOSP CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10029. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1097/00006454-199303000-00010 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA KQ953 UT WOS:A1993KQ95300010 PM 8451099 ER PT J AU SIEGLER, RL GRIFFIN, PM BARRETT, TJ STROCKBINE, NA AF SIEGLER, RL GRIFFIN, PM BARRETT, TJ STROCKBINE, NA TI RECURRENT HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME SECONDARY TO ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note ID SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; O157-H7 C1 UNIV UTAH, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, DIV NEPHROL & HYPERTENS, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84132 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 3 BP 666 EP 668 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KP638 UT WOS:A1993KP63800031 PM 8441581 ER PT J AU HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G AF HALL, CB GRANOFF, DM GROMISCH, DS HALSEY, NA KOHL, S MARCUSE, EK MARKS, MI NANKERVIS, GA PICKERING, LK SCOTT, GB STEELE, RW YOGEV, R PETER, G BART, KJ BROOME, C HARDEGREE, MC JACOBS, RF MACDONALD, NE ORENSTEIN, WA RABINOVICH, G TI THE USE OF ORAL ACYCLOVIR IN OTHERWISE HEALTHY-CHILDREN WITH VARICELLA SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; ZOSTER VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; CHICKENPOX; COMPLICATIONS; INFECTION; RESISTANT; THERAPY; IMPACT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Steele, Russell/A-6075-2011 NR 22 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 1993 VL 91 IS 3 BP 674 EP 676 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KP638 UT WOS:A1993KP63800034 ER PT J AU SERDULA, MK IVERY, D COATES, RJ FREEDMAN, DS WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T AF SERDULA, MK IVERY, D COATES, RJ FREEDMAN, DS WILLIAMSON, DF BYERS, T TI DO OBESE CHILDREN BECOME OBESE ADULTS - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID 2-DECADE FOLLOW-UP; LONGITUDINAL TRENDS; WEIGHT STATURE-2; CHILDHOOD; FATNESS; ONSET; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; HEALTH; HEIGHT C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30329. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP SERDULA, MK (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP K26,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 45 TC 907 Z9 942 U1 4 U2 55 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 22 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1006/pmed.1993.1014 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA KY569 UT WOS:A1993KY56900003 PM 8483856 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI HEALTH COMMUNICATION TAKES ON NEW DIMENSIONS AT CDC SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Actions by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to integrate health communication into overall prevention programs as a means of influencing individual behavior to reduce risks to health are described. These actions include a set of 5-year goals for the Agency, a proposal to establish an Office of Health Communication to provide leadership and support for accomplishing the goals; and establishment of a working group to create the proposed Office of Health Communication and to develop a framework for accomplishing the goals. Fundamental to the policy was development of a definition of health communication as the Agency would practice it. Steps taken to reach this definition are outlined as well as the 10 steps adopted as a framework for health communication. The article concludes with a statement describing communication as a part of CDC's overall mission. The hope is that the ultimate accomplishment will be increased awareness among Americans of the importance of good health and their ability to achieve it. RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,OFF PUBL AFFAIRS,MAIL STOP D25,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 108 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KW841 UT WOS:A1993KW84100006 PM 8385358 ER PT J AU DANNENBERG, AL COTE, TR KRESNOW, MJ SACKS, JJ LIPSITZ, CM SCHMIDT, ER AF DANNENBERG, AL COTE, TR KRESNOW, MJ SACKS, JJ LIPSITZ, CM SCHMIDT, ER TI BICYCLE HELMET USE BY ADULTS - THE IMPACT OF COMPANIONSHIP SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; HEAD-INJURIES; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; SAFETY HELMETS; PHYSICIANS AB Most of the nearly 1, 000 fatal bicycle-related injuries annually could be prevented if riders used safety helmets. Helmet use by adult bicyclists has received relatively little attention because educational campaigns to promote helmet use generally focus on children. Helmet use by adult and child bicyclists at 120 suburban and rural sites in three Maryland counties was observed on two Saturdays in 1990-91 during an evaluation of the impact of a mandatory helmet law. Concordance or discordance of helmet use within various groups of bicyclists-adults only, adults with children, and children only-was recorded. Helmet use among 2,068 adult bicyclists was 49 percent, 51 percent, and 74 percent in the three counties. In two counties combined, 52 percent (365 of 706) of solo adult bicyclists wore helmets compared with only 5 percent (5 of 94) of solo child bicyclists (P<.001). Helmet use or nonuse was concordant among 87 percent of 277 adult-adult pairs, 94 percent of 50 child-child pairs, and 91 percent of 32 adult-child pairs of bicyclists observed. Concordance rates of helmet use or nonuse were similarly high among pairs of adult bicyclists of the same or mixed sexes. These data are consistent with the concept that both adults and children tend to adopt the helmet-wearing behaviors of their companions. Public health efforts focused on adults should encourage helmet use by adult bicyclists both to prevent head injuries and to provide a role model for children. C1 MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENT HYG,EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL PROGRAM,BALTIMORE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. HOWARD CTY HLTH DEPT,COLUMBIA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL P PREVENT,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. MARYLAND DEPT HLTH & MENT HYG,DIV INJURY PREVENT & REHABIL INFORMAT,BALTIMORE,MD. RP DANNENBERG, AL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,CTR INJURY PREVENT,624 N BROADWAY,ROOM 545,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. FU PHS HHS [H28/CCH301618, R49/CCR302486] NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 108 IS 2 BP 212 EP 217 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KW841 UT WOS:A1993KW84100011 PM 8464978 ER PT J AU FISHERHOCH, SP AF FISHERHOCH, SP TI STRINGENT PRECAUTIONS ARE NOT ADVISABLE WHEN CARING FOR PATIENTS WITH VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SUSPECTED LASSA FEVER; VIRUS-DISEASE; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; SIERRA-LEONE; WEST AFRICA; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; PLASMA; LONDON RP FISHERHOCH, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BLDG 1,ROOM 4065,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1052-9276 J9 REV MED VIROL JI Rev. Med. Virol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 3 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1002/rmv.1980030103 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA KV929 UT WOS:A1993KV92900002 ER PT J AU NOEGEL, R KIRBY, J SCHRADER, M WASSERHEIT, J AF NOEGEL, R KIRBY, J SCHRADER, M WASSERHEIT, J TI SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE ACCELERATED PREVENTION CAMPAIGNS - OPPORTUNITIES TO EXPAND PREVENTION EFFORTS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article RP NOEGEL, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD-HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR-APR PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 118 EP 119 DI 10.1097/00007435-199303000-00011 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA LF478 UT WOS:A1993LF47800011 PM 8389060 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK AF NOJI, EK TI DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES CENTERS FOR DISEASE-CONTROL SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DISASTER ASSESSMENT & EPIDEMIOL SECT,MAILSTOP F46,4770 BUFORD HWY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD MAR PY 1993 VL 60 IS 3 BP 191 EP 191 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA LA929 UT WOS:A1993LA92900004 ER PT J AU OCARROLL, P AF OCARROLL, P TI SUICIDE CAUSATION - PIES, PATHS, AND POINTLESS POLEMICS SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT LOUIS I DUBLIN AWARD LECTURE, AT THE 25TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN ASSOC OF SUICIDOLOGY CY APR 02-04, 1992 CL CHICAGO, IL SP AMER ASSOC SUICIDOL AB Most people readily agree that suicide is caused by a complex web of many different factors. However, for many people the concept of a single event resulting from the combined effect of a constellation of different factors (multiple causation) is imperfectly understood. Unfortunately, a naive understanding of multiple causation can lead to needless arguments about what ''really'' causes suicide, and pointless debate about the ''right'' point for preventive intervention. In this paper, I review several simple conceptual models of multiple causation as they relate to suicide prevention. I suggest that a more explicit understanding of the nature of multiple causation has the potential to obviate some of these misguided arguments and to facilitate cooperative prevention efforts among person who choose to apply their energies at different points in the causal chain of suicide. RP OCARROLL, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,MAILSTOP F51,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD SPR PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA KV337 UT WOS:A1993KV33700004 PM 8475530 ER PT J AU ORIHEL, TC EBERHARD, ML LOWRIE, RC AF ORIHEL, TC EBERHARD, ML LOWRIE, RC TI MANSONELLA-OZZARDI - THE COURSE OF PATENCY IN EXPERIMENTALLY-INFECTED PATAS MONKEYS SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FILARIASIS; COLOMBIA; PRIMATES; AMAZON AB Twenty-five of 30 patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) inoculated with varying numbers (35 to 135) of third-stage larvae of Mansonella ozzardi developed patent infections in an average of 163 days. There was no correlation between the size of the inoculum and the length of the prepatent period. Ten of the monkeys were monitored thereafter by regular blood examination for extended periods of time in order to characterize the onset, course and duration of patency. Typically, with the onset of patency, microfilaremias increased steadily, peaking at about 20 weeks and then decreased slowly stabilizing at low levels for up to 48 weeks. Thereafter microfilariae disappeared from the blood and occasionally reappeared in scanty numbers. Laparotomies and followup studies indicated that the spleen was involved in the suppression of peripheral microfilaremia as had been observed earlier in patas monkeys infected with Loa loa. In ten monkeys splenectomized after the initial ''wave'' of microfilaremia, it was observed that (a) 30% of the animals remained amicrofilaremic, (b) another 30% reestablished patent infections but microfilaremias were lower than presplenectomy levels, and (c) in the remaining 40%, levels of microfilaremia equaled or exceeded pre-splenectomy levels. Patent infections persisted for up to 212 weeks. One monkey splenectomized prior to inoculation with 87 larvae developed a patent infection with microfilaremia which persisted for 156 weeks. Three monkeys with low and high levels of microfilaremia bled at four hour intervals over a 28 hour period showed no evidence of periodicity in the microfilaria. Diethylcarbamazine in total doses ranging from 450 mg to 22.5 grams produced no significant changes in the numbers of circulating microfilariae nor did it cause any observable adverse reactions in the monkeys. C1 TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,DEPT TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. TULANE REG PRIMATE RES CTR,DEPT PARASITOL,COVINGTON,LA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD MAR PY 1993 VL 44 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA LB354 UT WOS:A1993LB35400012 PM 8516634 ER PT J AU BATHURST, IC GIBSON, HL KANSOPON, J HAHM, BK GREEN, KM CHANG, SP HUI, GSN SIDDIQUI, WA INSELBURG, J MILLET, P QUAKYI, IA KASLOW, DC BARR, PJ AF BATHURST, IC GIBSON, HL KANSOPON, J HAHM, BK GREEN, KM CHANG, SP HUI, GSN SIDDIQUI, WA INSELBURG, J MILLET, P QUAKYI, IA KASLOW, DC BARR, PJ TI AN EXPERIMENTAL VACCINE COCKTAIL FOR PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE MALARIA VACCINE CANDIDATES; HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE; INHIBITION OF LIVER CELL INVASION; INHIBITION OF PARASITEMIA; TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING IMMUNITY ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; AOTUS MONKEYS; SERA PROTEINS; IMMUNOGENICITY; EXPRESSION; SAFETY; YEAST AB Surface proteins from several different life-cycle stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were expressed at high levels in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purified proteins, both individually and in cocktails, were used to immunize mice and goats in conjunction with either Freund's adjuvant or a muramyl tripeptide-based adjuvant. Immune responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and by the ability of antisera to inhibit (1) the invasion of hepatocytes by live sporozoites, (2) in vitro invasion of human erythrocytes by live merozoites, and (3) the development of oocytes in the mosquito vector. These results suggest that cocktails of different stage-specific antigens can provide the components necessary to block the development of the malaria parasite at multiple stages of its life cycle. C1 LEAHI HOSP,DEPT TROP MED,HONOLULU,HI. DARTMOUTH COLL,HITCHCOCK MED CTR,DARTMOUTH MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL,HANOVER,NH 03756. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,PARASIT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP BATHURST, IC (reprint author), CHIRON CORP,4560 HORTON ST,EMERYVILLE,CA, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI23562] NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAR PY 1993 VL 11 IS 4 BP 449 EP 456 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90287-8 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA KR214 UT WOS:A1993KR21400011 PM 8470430 ER PT J AU HADLER, SC HINMAN, AR AF HADLER, SC HINMAN, AR TI IMPACT OF VACCINES ON GLOBAL HEALTH - FUTURE ASPECTS SO ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII LA Russian DT Article RP HADLER, SC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GOSUDARSTVENNOE IZDATELSTVO PI MOSCOW PA MEDITSINSKOI LITERATURY PETROVKA 12, MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0372-9311 J9 ZH MIKROB EPID IMMUN PD MAR-APR PY 1993 IS 2 BP 74 EP 84 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA LG030 UT WOS:A1993LG03000016 PM 8059579 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR HOLMBERG, SD AF EDLIN, BR HOLMBERG, SD TI INSEMINATION OF HIV-NEGATIVE WOMEN WITH PROCESSED SEMEN OF HIV-POSITIVE PARTNERS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 27 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8844 BP 570 EP 571 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90344-G PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KP083 UT WOS:A1993KP08300060 PM 8094823 ER PT J AU FRIEDEN, TR STERLING, T PABLOSMENDEZ, A KILBURN, JO CAUTHEN, GM DOOLEY, SW AF FRIEDEN, TR STERLING, T PABLOSMENDEZ, A KILBURN, JO CAUTHEN, GM DOOLEY, SW TI THE EMERGENCE OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS IN NEW-YORK-CITY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES AB Background. in the past decade the incidence of tuberculosis has increased nationwide and more than doubled in New York City, where there have been recent nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods. We collected information on every patient in New York City with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis during April 1991. Drug-susceptibility testing was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. Of the 518 patients with positive cultures, 466 (90 percent) had isolates available for testing. Overall, 33 percent of these patients had isolates resistant to one or more antituberculosis drugs, 26 percent had isolates resistant to at least isoniazid, and 19 percent had isolates resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Of the 239 patients who had received antituberculosis therapy, 44 percent had isolates resistant to one or more drugs and 30 percent had isolates resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin. Among the patients who had never been treated, the proportion with resistance to one or more drugs increased from 10 percent in 1982 through 1984 to 23 percent in 1991 (P = 0.003). Patients who had never been treated and who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or reported injection-drug use were more likely to have resistant isolates. Among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, those with resistant isolates were more likely to die during follow-up through January 1992 (80 percent vs. 47 percent, P = 0.02). A history of antituberculosis therapy was the strongest predictor of the presence of resistant organisms (odds ratio, 2.7; P < 0.001). Conclusions. There has been a marked increase in drug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City. Previously treated patients, those infected with HIV, and injection-drug users are at increased risk for drug resistance. Measures to control and prevent drug-resistant tuberculosis are urgently needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV MYCOT & BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS INTERVENT,NEW YORK,NY 10013. COLUMBIA PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10032. NR 43 TC 719 Z9 734 U1 3 U2 17 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 25 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 8 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1056/NEJM199302253280801 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KP053 UT WOS:A1993KP05300001 PM 8381207 ER PT J AU BOEKELOO, B SCHIAVO, L RABIN, D JORDAN, C MATTHEWS, JR AF BOEKELOO, B SCHIAVO, L RABIN, D JORDAN, C MATTHEWS, JR TI SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS OF STD CLINIC PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER JOHNSON,MAGIC,EARVIN HIV-INFECTION ANNOUNCEMENT - MARYLAND, 1991-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 42, PG 46-48, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MONTGOMERY CTY HLTH DEPT,SILVER SPRING,MD. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,BEHAV & PREVENT RES BR,ATLANTA,GA. CDC,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,CLIN RES BR,ATLANTA,GA. RP BOEKELOO, B (reprint author), GEORGETOWN UNIV,SCH MED,WASHINGTON,DC 20007, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 24 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 8 BP 977 EP 978 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KM603 UT WOS:A1993KM60300006 ER PT J AU GENESE, C FINELLI, L PARKIN, W SPITALNY, KC AF GENESE, C FINELLI, L PARKIN, W SPITALNY, KC TI CEFTRIAXONE-ASSOCIATED BILIARY COMPLICATIONS OF TREATMENT OF SUSPECTED DISSEMINATED LYME-DISEASE - NEW-JERSEY, 1990-1992 (REPRINTED FROM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT, VOL 42, PG 39-42, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEW JERSEY DEPT HLTH,INVEST & PREVENT BR,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,TRENTON,NJ. CDC,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,BACTERIAL ZOONOSES BR,ATLANTA,GA. RP GENESE, C (reprint author), JERSEY SHORE MED CTR,NEPTUNE,NJ, USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 24 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 8 BP 979 EP 980 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KM603 UT WOS:A1993KM60300008 ER PT J AU BARRETT, B GUNTER, E SOWELL, A WANG, M AF BARRETT, B GUNTER, E SOWELL, A WANG, M TI AMNIOTIC ASCORBIC-ACID CONCENTRATION AND PRETERM RUPTURE OF FETAL MEMBRANES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A746 EP A746 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97501305 ER PT J AU SOWELL, AL MAHONEY, FJ HUFF, DL GUNTER, EW AF SOWELL, AL MAHONEY, FJ HUFF, DL GUNTER, EW TI SERUM VITAMIN-A, CAROTENOIDS, AND VITAMIN-E CONCENTRATIONS OF 2 AGE-GROUPS OF CHILDREN FROM CHUUK SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 23 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 4 BP A581 EP A581 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP975 UT WOS:A1993KP97500361 ER PT J AU BROWNSON, RC NOVOTNY, TE PERRY, MC AF BROWNSON, RC NOVOTNY, TE PERRY, MC TI CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND ADULT LEUKEMIA - A METAANALYSIS SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE NONLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; UNITED-STATES VETERANS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; CANCER MORTALITY; PUBLICATION BIAS; RISK; HABITS AB Background: Increasing evidence suggests that certain forms of adult leukemia may be related to cigarette smoking. Methods: To evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and adult leukemia, we conducted a meta-analysis of available studies. Data were identified through an English-language MEDLINE search for the period 1970 through 1992 and through our knowledge of ongoing and unpublished studies. Among the studies identified, the meta-analysis included seven prospective studies and eight case-control studies. The US Surgeon General's criteria were used to assess the evidence for causality. Results: A positive association between smoking and certain histologic types of leukemia was found in both prospective and case-control studies. The summary smoking-related risk derived from prospective studies (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 1.4) was greater than that based on case-control data (relative risk, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.2). Prospective data suggested an elevated risk of myeloid leukemia associated with cigarette smoking (relative risk, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 1.6). Pooled case-control data showed increased smoking-associated risk for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 1.5). Risk of leukemia increased according to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Population-attributable risk calculations suggested that approximately 14% of all US leukemia cases (including 17% of myeloid and 14% of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias) may be due to cigarette smoking. Conclusions: The consistency, temporality, and biologic plausibility of this relationship augment our findings, which support a causal relationship between cigarette smoking and certain forms of adult leukemia. Further studies are needed to examine risk among women, dose-response effects, and variation in risk by histologic type. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT MED,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. UNIV MISSOURI,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP BROWNSON, RC (reprint author), MISSOURI DEPT HLTH,DIV CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,201 BUSINESS LOOP 70W,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 80 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 22 PY 1993 VL 153 IS 4 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1001/archinte.153.4.469 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KM928 UT WOS:A1993KM92800006 PM 8435026 ER PT J AU COGSWELL, ME VILLAR, J KESTLER, E AF COGSWELL, ME VILLAR, J KESTLER, E TI EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN MATERNAL FAT DISTRIBUTION DURING PREGNANCY ON BIRTH-WEIGHT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. REPROD HLTH EPIDEMIOL CTR,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A84 EP A84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400480 ER PT J AU GLASS, DJ SERDULA, MK PAMUK, ER COLLINS, ME AF GLASS, DJ SERDULA, MK PAMUK, ER COLLINS, ME TI ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES IN BODY-IMAGE AND WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG UNITED-STATES FEMALE ADOLESCENTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A80 EP A80 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400463 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL UTOMO, B WIKNJOSASTRO, G LINNA, M AF JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL UTOMO, B WIKNJOSASTRO, G LINNA, M TI BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS AND PREMATURITY IN INDONESIA - ASSOCIATION AT EARLY AND LATE PREGNANCY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV INDONESIA,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A502 EP A502 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402907 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, CL KUCZMARSKI, RJ AF JOHNSON, CL KUCZMARSKI, RJ TI CREATING NEW NCHS GROWTH CHARTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A412 EP A412 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402379 ER PT J AU KUCZMARSKI, RJ JOHNSON, CL FLEGAL, KM CAMPBELL, SM AF KUCZMARSKI, RJ JOHNSON, CL FLEGAL, KM CAMPBELL, SM TI PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT IN THE UNITED-STATES - DATA FROM PHASE-1 OF THE 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1988-1991 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A410 EP A410 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402370 ER PT J AU LEITCH, GJ VISVESVARA, GS AF LEITCH, GJ VISVESVARA, GS TI MUCOSAL MAST-CELL INVOLVEMENT IN EXPERIMENTAL GIARDIASIS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30310. MOREHOUSE SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30310. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A495 EP A495 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97402866 ER PT J AU SCANLON, K BLANK, S SINKS, T LETT, S MUELLER, P SERDULA, M FREEDMAN, D FALK, H AF SCANLON, K BLANK, S SINKS, T LETT, S MUELLER, P SERDULA, M FREEDMAN, D FALK, H TI HEALTH-EFFECTS IN A POPULATION EXPOSED TO EXCESS VITAMIN-D IN MILK SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02130. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A80 EP A80 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97400459 ER PT J AU SMITH, JC MAKDANI, D HEGAR, A SOWELL, A GUNTER, E RAO, D AF SMITH, JC MAKDANI, D HEGAR, A SOWELL, A GUNTER, E RAO, D TI SERUM RESPONSE OF VITAMIN-A (VA) AND 4 RETINYL ESTERS FOLLOWING A RELATIVE DOSE-RESPONSE (RDR) TEST IN CHILDREN OF BELIZE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BHNRC,BELTSVILLE,MD. LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. BELIZE GOVT HOSP,BELIZE CITY,BELIZE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 19 PY 1993 VL 7 IS 3 BP A303 EP A303 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA KP974 UT WOS:A1993KP97401753 ER PT J AU HERRERA, JL HILL, S SHAW, J FLEENOR, M BADER, T WOLFE, MS AF HERRERA, JL HILL, S SHAW, J FLEENOR, M BADER, T WOLFE, MS TI HEPATITIS-E AMONG UNITED-STATES TRAVELERS, 1989-1992, (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 1-4, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 JEFFERSON CITY HLTH DEPT,BIRMINGHAM,AL. TRAVELERS MED SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HERRERA, JL (reprint author), UNIV SO ALABAMA,MOBILE,AL 36688, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 7 BP 845 EP 846 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL474 UT WOS:A1993KL47400005 ER PT J AU GUINAN, ME AF GUINAN, ME TI HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP GUINAN, ME (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 7 BP 870 EP 870 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL474 UT WOS:A1993KL47400021 ER PT J AU BELONGIA, EA OSTERHOLM, MT SOLER, JT AMMEND, DA BRAUN, JE MACDONALD, KL AF BELONGIA, EA OSTERHOLM, MT SOLER, JT AMMEND, DA BRAUN, JE MACDONALD, KL TI TRANSMISSION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 INFECTION IN MINNESOTA CHILD DAY-CARE FACILITIES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; WASHINGTON-STATE; O157-H7; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIARRHEA; SHIGELLOSIS; SEROTYPE AB Objective.-Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Since 1988 the Minnesota Department of Health has carried out surveillance for this infection. To assess the occurrence of person-to-person transmission within day-care facilities, we investigated facilities where an infected child attended after onset of symptoms. Design.-Parents of children less than 5 years old with E coli O157:H7 infection were interviewed from July 1988 through December 1989. If the child attended day care after onset, stool cultures were obtained from other children in attendance and their parents were interviewed. If there was presumptive evidence of ongoing E coli O157:H7 transmission in a facility, all preschool children were excluded from attending day-care facilities until two consecutive stool cultures were negative. Results.-Sixty-eight cases of E coli O157:H7 infection were identified in Minnesota during the 18-month period, including 29 cases identified through investigations at nine day-care facilities. There was evidence of person-to-person transmission in all nine facilities. The median number of infected children per facility was two (range, two to 18), and the median attack rate was 22% (range, 3% to 38%). The median age of the primary case at each facility was 26 months (range, 12 to 59 months). There was no evidence of further transmission at facilities where children were temporarily excluded until two consecutive stool cultures were negative. Conclusion.-Person-to-person transmission of E coli O157:H7 is common when infected preschool children attend day care while symptomatic. The number of unrecognized day-care outbreaks in the United States may be substantial due to the lack of routine testing for this pathogen in stool cultures, the absence of public health surveillance in many regions, and incomplete follow-up of infected children. Temporary exclusion of all children was an effective control strategy in this population, but additional investigations are needed to determine the optimal intervention. C1 HENNEPIN CTY COMMUNITY HLTH DEPT, MINNEAPOLIS, MN USA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL, ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT, ATLANTA, GA USA. RP BELONGIA, EA (reprint author), MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH, ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT, 717 SE DELAWARE ST, BOX 9441, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55440 USA. NR 28 TC 179 Z9 184 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 7 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1001/jama.269.7.883 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL474 UT WOS:A1993KL47400026 PM 8426447 ER PT J AU HOWARDS, SS PETERSON, HB AF HOWARDS, SS PETERSON, HB TI VASECTOMY AND PROSTATE-CANCER - CHANCE, BIAS, OR A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID COHORT; HEALTH; RISK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. RP HOWARDS, SS (reprint author), UNIV VIRGINIA,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT UROL,BOX 422,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908, USA. NR 15 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 17 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 7 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1001/jama.269.7.913 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL474 UT WOS:A1993KL47400032 PM 8123060 ER PT J AU BRUDZEWSKI, J SHUSTERMAN, D BECKER, C BORAK, J CANNELLA, J GOLDSTEIN, B HALL, A JACKSON, RJ RODNICK, J WHEATER, R WUMMER, B AF BRUDZEWSKI, J SHUSTERMAN, D BECKER, C BORAK, J CANNELLA, J GOLDSTEIN, B HALL, A JACKSON, RJ RODNICK, J WHEATER, R WUMMER, B TI POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON TOXICITY SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Article AB Because of the combustion of fossil fuels and organic waste, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the environment. Some metabolites are believed to interact with DNA, causing malignancies and heritable genetic damage. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with lung and skin cancers and, possibly, urologic, gastrointestinal, laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers. RP BRUDZEWSKI, J (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD FEB 15 PY 1993 VL 47 IS 3 BP 623 EP 628 PG 6 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KN938 UT WOS:A1993KN93800011 ER PT J AU KHAN, AS HENEINE, WM CHAPMAN, LE GARY, HE WOODS, TC FOLKS, TM SCHONBERGER, LB AF KHAN, AS HENEINE, WM CHAPMAN, LE GARY, HE WOODS, TC FOLKS, TM SCHONBERGER, LB TI ASSESSMENT OF A RETROVIRUS SEQUENCE AND OTHER POSSIBLE RISK-FACTORS FOR THE CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME IN ADULTS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC; HTLV-II; GENE PRODUCTS, GAG; RETROVIRUS INFECTIONS; RISK FACTORS ID EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; COMMON ODDS RATIO; INFECTION; AMPLIFICATION; INTERVAL; TABLES AB Objective: To assess whether the human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) gag gene sequence, a purportedly new laboratory marker of the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and other possible risk factors for CFS, particularly those associated with retroviral transmission, are associated with well-characterized CFS. Design: Two matched case-control studies. Setting. The metropolitan Atlanta area. Patients: Twenty-one patients with CFS who were identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFS surveillance system; 21 CDC employee controls (laboratory study) and 42 neighborhood controls (risk-factor study) who were matched to patients by age, race, and gender. Measurements: Peripheral blood lymphocytes and leukocytes were assayed for the HTLV-II gag gene sequence by polymerase chain reaction and specific Southern blot hybridization. Questionnaires elicited demographic and clinical information and a history of exposures associated with retrovirus transmission (for example, blood transfusions, sexual practices, intravenous drug use). Results: All patients were white and 86% were female. The median age at illness onset was 34 years (range, 16 to 51 years). The HTLV-II gag gene sequence was not identified in the blood of any patient or control under conditions in which the appropriate assay controls were positive. No statistical differences were observed between patients and controls in frequency of blood transfusions (10% compared with 7%), median number of sex partners before illness (3 compared with 3), bisexual or homosexual behavior (14% compared with 7%), intravenous drug use (0% compared with 0%), and other factors associated with retroviral infection. Conclusions: The HTLV-II gag gene sequence was not a marker for CFS in this small study of well-defined patients, nor did other characteristics of the patients and controls support the hypothesis that a retrovirus, transmitted by usual modes, was a cause of CFS. RP KHAN, AS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 4 BP 241 EP 245 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL457 UT WOS:A1993KL45700001 PM 8420441 ER PT J AU WINGO, PA LEE, NC ORY, HW BERAL, V PETERSON, HB RHODES, P AF WINGO, PA LEE, NC ORY, HW BERAL, V PETERSON, HB RHODES, P TI AGE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND BREAST-CANCER SO CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH NATIONAL CONF OF THE AMERICAN CANCER SOC : GYNECOLOGIC CANCERS CY APR 02-04, 1992 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AMER CANC SOC, AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS, AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS, AMER COLL RADIAT ONCOL, AMER COLL RADIOL, AMER COLL SURGEONS, COMMISS CANC, AMER RADIUM SOC, AMER SOC THERAPEUT RADIOL & ONCOL, NATL ASSOC ONCOL SOCIAL WORKERS, NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS DE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES; BREAST CANCER; CASE CONTROL STUDIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID FULL TERM PREGNANCY; YOUNG-WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; CROSSOVER; PARITY; TRACT AB Background. Nearly all studies have suggested that the use of oral contraceptives (OC) is not associated with the aggregate risk of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 20-54 years. Because of age-specific differences in the breast cancer-parity relationship and because of age-specific differences in other breast cancer risk factors, the Centers for Disease Control reexamined data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study (CASH) to assess whether OC use has different effects on the risk of breast cancer at different ages of diagnosis. Methods. This population-based case-control study was designed to examine the relationship between the use of OC and the risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. CASH was conducted in eight geographic areas in the United States during 1980-1982. All participants were interviewed at home with a pretested standardized questionnaire including a calendar of life events and a photograph book of all pills marketed in the United States. Results. We found that the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and OC use appeared to vary by the age at diagnosis. Among women aged 20-34 years at diagnosis or interview, those who had ever used OC had a slightly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.1) compared with women of the same ages who had never used OC. Among these women, there were no trends of increasing or decreasing risk with any measure of OC use. Among women aged 35-44 years, there was no association between OC use and breast cancer. Among women aged 4554 years, those who used OC had a slightly decreased risk of breast cancer (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.0). Among these women, risk estimates decreased significantly with increasing time since first and last use. Conclusions. Although the slightly increased risk estimates for the youngest women were compatible with findings by other investigators, the decreased risk estimates for the oldest women have not been described in as many studies. Available data provide no reasons to change prescribing practices or the use of OC that are related to the breast cancer risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. RP WINGO, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD FEB 15 PY 1993 VL 71 IS 4 SU S BP 1506 EP 1517 DI 10.1002/cncr.2820710416 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA KN467 UT WOS:A1993KN46700017 PM 8431887 ER PT J AU SMITH, DK NEAL, JJ HOLMBERG, SD AF SMITH, DK NEAL, JJ HOLMBERG, SD TI UNEXPLAINED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA WITHOUT HIV-INFECTION - AN INVESTIGATION OF CASES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PATIENT; CELLS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ABSENCE; CANDIDIASIS; DEFICIENCY; COUNT; AIDS AB Background. The clinical and public health importance of recent reports of patients with CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unclear. We conducted investigations to determine the demographic, clinical, and immunologic features of patients with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia; whether the syndrome is epidemic or transmissible; and the possible causes. Methods. We reviewed 230,179 cases in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AIDS Reporting System and performed interviews, medical-record reviews, and laboratory analyses of blood specimens from adults and adolescents who met the CDC case definition of idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (<300 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter or a CD4+ cell count <20 percent of total T cells on two occasions and no evidence of infection on HIV testing), their sexual contacts, household contacts, and persons who had donated blood to them. Results. We interviewed 31 of the 47 patients identified with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and 23 of their contacts. There were 29 male and 18 female patients, with a mean age of 43 years (range, 17 to 78); 39 were white, 4 were Asian, 2 were Hispanic, and 2 were black. Eighteen patients (38 percent) had one or more risk factors for HIV infection: seven had hemophilia, six had engaged in homosexual sex, six had received blood transfusions, and two had had heterosexual sex partners who were at risk for HIV infection. The other 29 patients (62 percent) had no identified risk factors for HIV infection. Nineteen persons (40 percent) had AIDS-defining illnesses (18 had opportunistic infections), 25 (53 percent) had conditions that were not AIDS-defining, and 3 (6 percent) were asymptomatic. We tested blood from 28 patients: 8 (29 percent) were found to have CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of less than 300 cells per cubic millimeter, and 6 had CD8+ T-lymphocytopenia (<250 cells per cubic millimeter). Ten sex partners, three household contacts, and four children of the patients, as well as six persons who had donated blood to the patients, were immunologically and clinically normal. Conclusions. This investigation of patients with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and unexplained opportunistic infections indicates that the disorder is rare and represents various clinical and immunologic states. The investigation of contacts revealed no evidence of a new transmissible agent that causes lymphocytopenia. RP SMITH, DK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 294 Z9 301 U1 0 U2 9 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 11 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 6 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1056/NEJM199302113280601 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL584 UT WOS:A1993KL58400001 PM 8093633 ER PT J AU SPIRA, TJ JONES, BM NICHOLSON, JKA LAL, RB ROWE, T MAWLE, AC LAUTER, CB SHULMAN, JA MONSON, RA AF SPIRA, TJ JONES, BM NICHOLSON, JKA LAL, RB ROWE, T MAWLE, AC LAUTER, CB SHULMAN, JA MONSON, RA TI IDIOPATHIC CD4+ T-LYMPHOCYTOPENIA - AN ANALYSIS OF 5 PATIENTS WITH UNEXPLAINED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; HIV INFECTION; VIRUS; ABSENCE; CELLS; CANDIDIASIS; DEFICIENCY; ANTIGEN; AIDS AB Background. Although patients with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and serious opportunistic infections have been described previously, the clinical and immunologic features of this condition have not been well defined. Methods. We studied in detail five patients with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia. The studies included serologic testing, culture, and polymerase chain reaction for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2, serologic testing for the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) types I and II, lymphocyte phenotyping, immunoglobulin quantitation, and lymphocyte-transformation assays, as well as attempts to isolate a retroviral agent. The results were compared with those in HIV-infected persons matched for CD4+ T-cell counts and with those in normal controls. We also studied the spouses of patients and the blood donors for one patient. Results. In these five patients, there was no evidence of either HIV or HTLV infection. All the patients had both low percentages and low counts of CD4+ T cells, with relative increases in percentages, but not counts, of CD8+ cells. Numbers of B cells and natural killer cells were generally normal. As compared with HIV-infected persons, our patients had lower percentages and counts of CD8+ cells and more lymphopenia. CD4+ counts were relatively stable over time. Instead of the high immunoglobulin levels seen in HIV infection, these patients had normal or slightly low levels of immunoglobulins. The lymphocyte-transformation response to mitogens and antigens was depressed. Results in spouses and blood donors were normal. Conclusions. Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia differs from HIV infection in its immunologic characteristics and in its apparent lack of progression over time. Nothing about the immunologic or viral-culture studies performed in these patients or about their family members or blood donors suggests that a transmissible agent causes this condition. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP,DIV ALLERGY,ROYAL OAK,MI 48072. WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP,DIV IMMUNOL,ROYAL OAK,MI 48072. WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSP,DIV INFECT DIS,ROYAL OAK,MI 48072. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. RP SPIRA, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,MAILSTOP D08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 11 PY 1993 VL 328 IS 6 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1056/NEJM199302113280603 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL584 UT WOS:A1993KL58400003 PM 8093635 ER PT J AU SEIBT, AC MCALISTER, AL FREEMAN, AC KREPCHO, MA HEDRICK, AR WILSON, R AF SEIBT, AC MCALISTER, AL FREEMAN, AC KREPCHO, MA HEDRICK, AR WILSON, R TI CONDOM USE AND SEXUAL IDENTITY AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN - DALLAS, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 42, PG 13-14, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID AIDS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SVCS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DALLAS CTY HLTH DEPT,DALLAS,TX. RP SEIBT, AC (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,HLTH SCI CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77225, USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 10 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 6 BP 734 EP 734 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KK544 UT WOS:A1993KK54400009 ER PT J AU TAPPERO, JW MOHLEBOETANI, J KOEHLER, JE SWAMINATHAN, B BERGER, TG LEBOIT, PE SMITH, LL WENGER, JD PINNER, RW KEMPER, CA REINGOLD, AL AF TAPPERO, JW MOHLEBOETANI, J KOEHLER, JE SWAMINATHAN, B BERGER, TG LEBOIT, PE SMITH, LL WENGER, JD PINNER, RW KEMPER, CA REINGOLD, AL TI THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS AND BACILLARY PELIOSIS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; EPITHELIOID ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; AGENT AB Objective.-To determine environmental risk factors for bacillary angiomatosis-bacillary peliosis (BAP), and to confirm infection with Rochalimaea species. Design.-Case-control study. Setting.-Community and university hospitals and clinics. Patients.-Case patients (N=48) had biopsy-confirmed BAP. Controls (N=94) were matched to patients by institution and by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serological status. Main Outcome Measures.-Clinical information was obtained from medical records. Subjects were queried about environmental exposures. Univariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. Bivariate analyses were performed on variables associated with disease by univariate analysis. DNA from 22 available case-patient tissues and from 22 control tissues was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers designed to detect Rochalimaea species. Results.-We identified five HIV-negative, immunocompetent case patients; one HIV-negative, immunodeficient case patient; and 42 HIV-positive case patients. There were no significant differences between case patients and controls by race, sex, age, or risk factors for HIV infection. Owning a cat (OR, 2.8; CI, 1.4 to 5.8) and history of a recent cat lick (OR, 1.95; CI, 1.0 to 3.8), cat scratch (OR, 3.7; CI, 1.7 to 8.0), or cat bite (OR, 3.9; CI, 1.8 to 8.9) were associated with disease in the univariate analysis. In bivariate analyses, only the variables representing traumatic contact with a cat (bite or scratch) remained associated with disease. No other environmental exposure was associated with disease. The PCR amplified a DNA fragment of the size expected for Rochalimaea species in all 22 case-patient tissue specimens. Conclusions.-These data suggest that BAP is a new zoonosis associated with both traumatic exposure to cats and infection with Rochalimaea species or a closely related organism. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT DERMATOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED & LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PATHOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CTR DIS CONTROL,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305. SANTA CLARA VALLEY MED CTR,SAN JOSE,CA 95128. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP TAPPERO, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR07175-15] NR 36 TC 161 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 10 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 6 BP 770 EP 775 DI 10.1001/jama.269.6.770 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KK544 UT WOS:A1993KK54400030 PM 8423659 ER PT J AU RICE, WG SCHAEFFER, CA HARTEN, B VILLINGER, F SOUTH, TL SUMMERS, MF HENDERSON, LE BESS, JW ARTHUR, LO MCDOUGAL, JS ORLOFF, SL MENDELEYEV, J KUN, E AF RICE, WG SCHAEFFER, CA HARTEN, B VILLINGER, F SOUTH, TL SUMMERS, MF HENDERSON, LE BESS, JW ARTHUR, LO MCDOUGAL, JS ORLOFF, SL MENDELEYEV, J KUN, E TI INHIBITION OF HIV-1 INFECTIVITY BY ZINC-EJECTING AROMATIC C-NITROSO COMPOUNDS SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; STRANDED NUCLEIC-ACIDS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; DIMER FORMATION; FINGER DOMAIN; METAL-IONS; VIRAL-RNA; BINDING; POLYMERASE; SEQUENCE AB RETROVIRAL nucleocapsid and gag-precursor proteins from all known strains of retroviruses contain one or two copies of an invariant sequence, Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys1,2, that is populated with zinc in mature particles3. Modification of cysteine or histidine residues results in defective packaging of genomic viral RNA and formation of non-infectious particles4-8, making these structures potentially attractive targets for antiviral therapy3,8. We recently reported that aromatic C-nitroso ligands of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase preferentially destabilize one of the two (CYS-X2-CYS-X28-His-X2-Cys) zinc-fingers with concomitant loss of enzymatic activity9,10, coincidental with selective cytocidal action of the C-nitroso substituted ligands on cancer cells11. Based on the occurrence of (3Cys, 1His) zinc-binding sites in both retroviral nucleocapsid and gag proteins and in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase12, we reasoned that the C-nitroso compounds may also have antiretroviral effects. We show here that two such compounds, 3-nitrosobenzamide and 6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone, inhibit infection of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 in human lymphocytes and also eject zinc from isolated HIV-1 nucleocapsid zinc fingers and from intact HIV-1 virions. Thus the design of zinc-ejecting agents that target retroviral zinc fingers represents a new approach to the chemotherapy of AIDS. C1 NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,PROGRAM RESOURCES INC DYNCORP,AIDS VACCINE PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DHA,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OCTAMER INC,TIBURON,CA 94920. SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,ROMBERG TIBURON CTR,ENVIRONM TOXICOL & CHEM LAB,TIBURON,CA 94920. RP RICE, WG (reprint author), NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,ANTIVIRAL DRUG MECHANISMS LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. RI Bess, Jr., Julian/B-5343-2012 NR 34 TC 187 Z9 189 U1 3 U2 8 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 4 PY 1993 VL 361 IS 6411 BP 473 EP 475 DI 10.1038/361473a0 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA KK713 UT WOS:A1993KK71300068 PM 8429889 ER PT J AU SMILKSTEIN, MJ BURTON, BT KEENE, W BARNETT, M HEDBERG, K FLEMING, D JACOBSON, CM AF SMILKSTEIN, MJ BURTON, BT KEENE, W BARNETT, M HEDBERG, K FLEMING, D JACOBSON, CM TI ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS LINKED TO USE OF AEROSOL LEATHER CONDITIONER - OREGON, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 965-967, 1993) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CONSUMER PROD SAFETY COMMISS,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 3 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 5 BP 568 EP 569 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KJ444 UT WOS:A1993KJ44400006 ER PT J AU NAHLEN, BL CHU, SY NWANYANWU, OC BERKELMAN, RL MARTINEZ, SA RULLAN, JV AF NAHLEN, BL CHU, SY NWANYANWU, OC BERKELMAN, RL MARTINEZ, SA RULLAN, JV TI HIV WASTING SYNDROME IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; WASTING SYNDROME; CASE DEFINITION; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; AIDS PATIENTS; INFECTION; WEIGHT AB Objective: To describe the characteristics of individuals greater-than-or-equal-to 13 years of age with HIV wasting syndrome in the United States and US territories. Design: Retrospective review of national AIDS case surveillance data. Methods: Data for the 147 225 individuals with AIDS reported to the Centers for Disease Control from 1 September 1987 to 31 August 1991 were reviewed. The frequency of HIV wasting syndrome and its association with demographic and exposure category variables and with other AIDS-indicator diseases were assessed. Results: A total of 10 525 (7.1%) had wasting syndrome as the only AIDS-indicator condition, and 15726 (10.7%) had wasting syndrome plus at least one other AIDS-indicator condition. Patients with wasting syndrome as the only AIDS diagnosis were more likely to be female, to be black or Hispanic, and to have a mode of HIV exposure reported as injecting drug use, heterosexual contact, or transfusion/hemophilia. The proportion of AIDS patients reported with wasting syndrome varied by geographic distribution, ranging from 11% in the northeastern United States to 47% in Puerto Rico. The association between HIV wasting syndrome and Hispanic ethnicity was due to the much higher prevalence of wasting syndrome reported in Puerto Rican AIDS patients. The other AIDS-indicator conditions most strongly associated with wasting syndrome were isosporiasis, pulmonary candidiasis, esophageal candidiasis, HIV encephalopathy, chronic mucocutaneous herpes simplex, and coccidioidomycosis. Conclusions: The association between HIV wasting syndrome and injecting drug use, and the significant racial/ethnic and geographic differences in prevalence of this AIDS diagnosis may reflect differences in diagnostic and reporting practices and/or access to medical care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PUERTO RICO DEPT HLTH,CENT OFF AIDS AFFAIRS,SAN JUAN,PR. NR 24 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB PY 1993 VL 7 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1097/00002030-199302000-00005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KM949 UT WOS:A1993KM94900005 PM 8466680 ER PT J AU HOLLOMAN, DL PAU, CP PAREKH, B SCHABLE, C ONORATO, I SCHOCHETMAN, G GEORGE, JR AF HOLLOMAN, DL PAU, CP PAREKH, B SCHABLE, C ONORATO, I SCHOCHETMAN, G GEORGE, JR TI EVALUATION OF TESTING ALGORITHMS FOLLOWING THE USE OF COMBINATION HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA FOR SCREENING PURPOSES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-2; HIV-2 INFECTION; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; BLOOD-DONORS; FRANCE; DIAGNOSIS; SERA AB The licensure of combination human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1/HIV-2) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) by the Food and Drug Administration has been accompanied by a recommendation that U.S. blood banks begin testing the nation's blood supply for HIV-2 by June 1, 1992. The performance of a recently licensed combination HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA (Genetic Systems) was evaluated using 3100 sera collected in the United States. A total of 2,049 sera were obtained from populations with low risk for HIV infections, and 1,051 sera from populations with high-risk behaviors. The combination EIA, in comparison with monospecific EIA, was found to be 100% sensitive for HIV-1 for both populations. The high-risk population had an HIV-1 seroprevalence rate of 17.4%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97.3%. The low-risk population had an HIV-1 seroprevalence of 0.05% with a PPV of 8%. The incorporation of the combination EIA in various testing algorithms was also evaluated, and recommendations are given with consideration for the type of screening and populations involved. RP HOLLOMAN, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 9 IS 2 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1089/aid.1993.9.147 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KQ327 UT WOS:A1993KQ32700008 PM 8457381 ER PT J AU SHEEHY, JW JONES, JH AF SHEEHY, JW JONES, JH TI ASSESSMENT OF ARSENIC EXPOSURES AND CONTROLS IN GALLIUM-ARSENIDE PRODUCTION SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The electronics industry is expanding the use of gallium arsenide in the production of optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits. Workers in the electronics industry using gallium arsenide are exposed to hazardous substances such as arsenic, arsine, and various acids. Arsenic requires stringent controls to minimize exposures (the current OSHA PEL for arsenic is 10 mug/m3 and the NIOSH REL is 2 mug/m3 ceiling). Inorganic arsenic is strongly implicated in respiratory tract and skin cancer. For these reasons, NIOSH researchers conducted a study of control systems for facilities using gallium arsenide. Seven walk-through surveys were performed to identify locations for detailed study which appeared to have effective controls; three facilities were chosen for in-depth evaluation. The controls were evaluated by industrial hygiene sampling, including personal breathing zone and area air sampling for arsenic and arsine; wipe samples for arsenic also were collected. Work practices and the use of personal protective equipment were documented. This paper reports on the controls and the arsenic exposure results from the evaluation of the following gallium arsenide processes: Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) and Horizontal Bridgeman (HB) crystal growing, LEC cleaning operations, ingot grinding/wafer sawing, and epitaxy. Results at one plant showed that in all processes except epitaxy, average arsenic exposures were at or above the OSHA action level of 5 mug/m3. While cleaning the LEC crystal pullers, the average potential arsenic exposure of the cleaning operators was 100 times the OSHA PEL. At the Other two plants, personal exposures for arsenic were well controlled in LEC, LEC cleaning, grinding/sawing, and epitaxy operations. RP SHEEHY, JW (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R5,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 54 IS 2 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1993)054<0061:AOAEAC>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KL503 UT WOS:A1993KL50300005 PM 8452098 ER PT J AU THEIS, MK HONIGMAN, B YIP, R MCBRIDE, D HOUSTON, CS MOORE, LG AF THEIS, MK HONIGMAN, B YIP, R MCBRIDE, D HOUSTON, CS MOORE, LG TI ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS IN CHILDREN AT 2835 METERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID ALTITUDE PULMONARY-EDEMA; COLORADO AB Objective.-Acute mountain sickness has been described in adults but little is known concerning its occurrence in children. Our objective was to determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness in children. Methods.-A survey questionnaire was completed by 558 children (aged 9 to 14 years) after they ascended from 1600 to 2835 m and from 405 similarly aged children after travel at sea level. Results.-Three or more of the following symptoms in the high-altitude setting were considered as the case definition of acute mountain sickness: headache, loss of appetite, vomiting, fatigue, insomnia, shortness of breath, and dizziness. One hundred fifty-six (28%) of the children at 2835 m developed acute mountain sickness. Three or more symptoms developed in a smaller, but nonetheless considerable, number (86 [21 %]) of children at sea level. Headache, shortness of breath, and dizziness were reported more frequently at high altitude than at low altitude, whereas the other symptoms occurred with equal frequency at the two locations. Conclusions.-More than one fourth of the children visiting high altitude developed acute mountain sickness. A high proportion (21 %) of children at sea level developed similar symptoms, suggesting that an appreciable portion of the symptoms present were due to factors other than altitude, such as travel, anxiety, or disruption of daily routine. C1 COLORADO ALTITUDE RES INST,KEYSTONE,CO. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT ANTHROPOL,DENVER,CO 80202. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,EMERGENCY MED RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. KEYSTONE SCI SCH,KEYSTONE,CO. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,CARDIOVASC PULM RES LAB,DENVER,CO 80262. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HLBI 14985]; NICHD NIH HHS [CHD 000681] NR 11 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 147 IS 2 BP 143 EP 145 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KL363 UT WOS:A1993KL36300014 PM 8427234 ER PT J AU STROUP, DF WHARTON, M KAFADAR, K DEAN, AG AF STROUP, DF WHARTON, M KAFADAR, K DEAN, AG TI EVALUATION OF A METHOD FOR DETECTING ABERRATIONS IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE ID UNITED-STATES; BOOTSTRAP; DISEASES AB The detection of unusual patterns in routine public health surveillance data on diseases and injuries presents an important challenge to health workers interested in early identification of epidemics or clues to important risk factors. Each week, state health departments report the numbers of cases of about 50 notifiable diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and these reports are published weekly in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. A new analytic method and a horizontal bar graph were introduced in July 1989 to facilitate easy identification of unusual numbers of reported cases. Evaluation of the statistical properties of this method indicates that the results are fairly robust to nonnormality and serial correlation of the data. An epidemiologic evaluation of the method after the first 6 months showed that it is useful for detection of specific types of aberrations in public health surveillance. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP STROUP, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,MAIL STOP C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV SCHOOL HYGIENE PUB HEALTH PI BALTIMORE PA 111 MARKET PLACE, STE 840, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-6709 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 1993 VL 137 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KZ184 UT WOS:A1993KZ18400012 PM 8452145 ER PT J AU GAYNES, R CULVER, DH BANERJEE, S EDWARDS, JR HENDERSON, TS AF GAYNES, R CULVER, DH BANERJEE, S EDWARDS, JR HENDERSON, TS TI MEANINGFUL INTERHOSPITAL COMPARISONS OF INFECTION-RATES IN INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Letter RP GAYNES, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD FEB PY 1993 VL 21 IS 1 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KN188 UT WOS:A1993KN18800010 ER PT J AU QUICK, RE HOGE, CW HAMILTON, DJ WHITNEY, CJ BORGES, M KOBAYASHI, JM AF QUICK, RE HOGE, CW HAMILTON, DJ WHITNEY, CJ BORGES, M KOBAYASHI, JM TI UNDERUTILIZATION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE IN NURSING-HOMES IN WASHINGTON-STATE - REPORT OF A SEROTYPE-SPECIFIC OUTBREAK AND A SURVEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RISK; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; REVACCINATION; PNEUMONIA; ADULTS AB PURPOSE: To describe an outbreak of pneumococcal disease in a Washington state nursing home and to report a survey of pneumococcal vaccine utilization in Washington nursing homes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Outbreak Data were collected from nursing home residents' records. Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from residents and staff. Survey. Fifty-four randomly selected Washington nursing homes were surveyed about pneumococcal vaccine utilization and policies. RESULTS: Outbreak Three confirmed and 4 possible cases of. pneumococcal disease occurred over 9 days among 94 residents; 5 patients (71%) died. Cases were identified among 6 of 42 residents on 1 wing, compared with 1 of 52 on the other 2 wings (relative risk 7.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0, 398.5). Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 9V was cultured from the blood of 3 confirmed case-patients and the nasopharynx of 2 of 73 residents. Only 7% of residents had received pneumococcal vaccine, including one case-patient who had received 14-valent vaccine without serotype 9V. Survey. Only 22% of residents were reported to have received pneumococcal vaccine, vaccination status was unknown for 66%. Physician discretion determined pneumococcal vaccination in 49 (91%) nursing homes; 9 (17%) had a written policy. Two major barriers to pneumococcal vaccination were cited: low priority among physicians (43%) and difficulty in determining residents vaccine history (37%). CONCLUSIONS. A pneumococcal disease outbreak among undervaccinated nursing home residents probably resulted from person-to-person transmission. Pneumococcal vaccine appears to be underutilized in Washington state nursing homes. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,DEPT HLTH,1610 NE 150TH ST,SEATTLE,WA 98195. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LIVING CARE CTR,YAKIMA,WA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,IMMUNIZAT PROGRAM,OLYMPIA,WA. WASHINGTON STATE DEPT HLTH,COMMUNICABLE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,SEATTLE,WA. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 94 IS 2 BP 149 EP 152 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90176-P PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL407 UT WOS:A1993KL40700006 PM 8430710 ER PT J AU ELIFSON, KW BOLES, J POSEY, E SWEAT, M DARROW, W ELSEA, W AF ELIFSON, KW BOLES, J POSEY, E SWEAT, M DARROW, W ELSEA, W TI MALE TRANSVESTITE PROSTITUTES AND HIV RISK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, syphilis, and hepatitis B prevalence and associated risk factors were assessed among male transvestite prostitutes. Structured street-level interviews were conducted with 53 respondents in Atlanta, Ga, from July 1990 through July 1991. Test results from serum samples revealed that 68% were seropositive for HIV-1, 81% had seromarkers for syphilis, and 80% had seromarkers for hepatitis B. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that seromarkers for syphilis and Black race were the primary factors associated with HIV-1 infection. The results show that transvestite prostitutes are a heterogenous population and distinct from nontransvestite prostitutes; specific outreach is thus needed. Targeted interventions should address the sexual and drug-use-related HIV risk behaviors of transvestite prostitutes. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FULTON CTY HLTH DEPT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ELIFSON, KW (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU402972] NR 7 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1993 VL 83 IS 2 BP 260 EP 262 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.2.260 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KW273 UT WOS:A1993KW27300020 PM 8427336 ER PT J AU STEEL, E FLEMING, PL NEEDLE, R AF STEEL, E FLEMING, PL NEEDLE, R TI THE HIV RATES OF INJECTION-DRUG USERS IN LESS-POPULATED AREAS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP STEEL, E (reprint author), NIDA,5600 FISHERS LANE,ROOM 10A38,PARKLAWN BLDG,ROCKVILLE,MD 20857, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1993 VL 83 IS 2 BP 286 EP 287 DI 10.2105/AJPH.83.2.286-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KW273 UT WOS:A1993KW27300029 PM 8427345 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ MCNEELEY, MB LEE, SH MCNEELEY, DF SPENCER, HC AF ADDISS, DG EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ MCNEELEY, MB LEE, SH MCNEELEY, DF SPENCER, HC TI COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF CLEARING-DOSE AND SINGLE HIGH-DOSE IVERMECTIN AND DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE AGAINST WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI MICROFILAREMIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FILARIASIS AB To compare the efficacy and tolerability of various combinations of low- and high-dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (DEC), 5 9 persons with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia were enrolled in a double-blinded six-arm clinical trial in Leogane, Haiti. On day 1, study participants were treated with low clearing doses of ivermectin, DEC, or placebo; on day 5 they received 200-400 mug/kg of ivermectin or 6 mg/kg of DEC. Adverse reactions, which were generally mild, occurred more frequently with ivermectin than with DEC. One year after treatment, the geometric mean microfilarial density returned to 0.9% of pretreatment levels for persons who received a total of 420 mug/kg of ivermectin. This rate was significantly lower than 5.6% for persons who were treated with 220 mug/kg of ivermectin (P = 0.02) and 9.3% for those receiving 6 or 7 mg/kg of DEC (P = 0.006). Persons treated with a clearing dose of ivermectin followed by 6 mg/kg of DEC also had low microfilarial densities (1.7% of pretreatment levels), suggesting an additive or synergistic effect of the two drugs. The addition of a clearing dose neither reduced the severity of adverse reactions nor improved the efficacy of high-dose ivermectin. Community-based intervention trials are now warranted to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of mass chemotherapy with single high-dose ivermectin for the prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST CROIX HOSP,LEOGANE,HAITI. TULANE UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH & TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70112. RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MAILSTOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 48 IS 2 BP 178 EP 185 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA KU121 UT WOS:A1993KU12100006 PM 8447520 ER PT J AU BIAGINI, RE HENNINGSEN, GM MACKENZIE, B SANDERSON, WT ROBERTSON, S BAUMGARDNER, ES AF BIAGINI, RE HENNINGSEN, GM MACKENZIE, B SANDERSON, WT ROBERTSON, S BAUMGARDNER, ES TI EVALUATION OF ACUTE IMMUNOTOXICITY OF ALACHLOR IN MALE F344/N RATS SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; IMMUNITY; MICE C1 DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,IND WIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH. DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARDS EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,HAZARDS EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH. RP BIAGINI, RE (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 50 IS 2 BP 266 EP 273 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA KD230 UT WOS:A1993KD23000015 PM 8422529 ER PT J AU RAPIER, JM VILLAMARZO, Y SCHOCHETMAN, G OU, CY BRAKEL, CL DONEGAN, J MALTZMAN, W LEE, S KIRTIKAR, D GATICA, D AF RAPIER, JM VILLAMARZO, Y SCHOCHETMAN, G OU, CY BRAKEL, CL DONEGAN, J MALTZMAN, W LEE, S KIRTIKAR, D GATICA, D TI NONRADIOACTIVE, COLORIMETRIC MICROPLATE HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY FOR DETECTING AMPLIFIED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS DNA SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; MONONUCLEAR BLOOD CELLS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HIV-1 DNA; T-CELL; TYPE-1; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB A nonradioactive, colorimetric microplate hybridization procedure was used to assay human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Under the PCR conditions used, four proviral copies per 150 000 cells were detected by amplifying a series of DNA mixtures that contained various copy numbers of HIV. Assays of PCR-amplified DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seronegative individuals yielded negative results (104 of 104), whereas samples from seropositive individuals yielded >99% positive results (141 of 142). Similar results were obtained in a chemiluminescent assay with an acridinium ester-labeled probe and in a solution hybridization assay in which a P-32-labeled probe was used. C1 ENZO DIAGNOST INC,SYOSSET,NY. RP RAPIER, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 244 EP 247 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA KL646 UT WOS:A1993KL64600011 PM 8432012 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL LAL, RB TI DISCRIMINATION OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II INFECTIONS BY SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES REPRESENTING STRUCTURAL EPITOPES FROM THE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note DE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY; RETROVIRUSES ID CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUSES; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; ANTIBODIES AB Synthetic peptides representing the immunodominant structural motifs of the envelope region of human T-lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) (Env-1(191-214) and Env-5(242-257)) and II (HTLV-II) (Env-20(85-102) and Env-2(187-209) were used to develop an enzyme immunoassay that could discriminate between HTLV-I and HTLV-II. Serum specimens from individuals whose infections were confirmed and typed by means of the polymerase chain reaction. (PCR) were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the new assay. When 73 PCR-confirmed HTLV-I specimens were tested with the HTLV-I peptides, the absorbance values for 71 (97.3%) were at least two times higher than the values obtained with the HTLV-II peptides; these samples thus were classified as HTLV-I. Two specimens reacted with all the peptides and, therefore, could not be typed. Conversely, when 59 PCR-confirmed HTLV-II specimens were tested with the HTLV-II peptides, 55 (93%) produced high absorbance values and were typed as HTLV-II; 4 specimens could not be typed. None of the specimens was incorrectly typed; hence, the specificity of this assay was 100%. When this assay was compared with other HTLV immunoassays, the degrees of sensitivity and specificity were similar. The main advantage of this new assay is that synthetic peptides representing variant sequences can easily be added as new variant HTLV strains are identified. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 288 EP 292 PG 5 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA KL646 UT WOS:A1993KL64600020 PM 7679339 ER PT J AU SOLARI, A SAAVEDRA, H SEPULVEDA, C ODDO, D ACUNA, G LABARCA, J MUNOZ, S CUNY, G BRENGUES, C VEAS, F BRYAN, RT AF SOLARI, A SAAVEDRA, H SEPULVEDA, C ODDO, D ACUNA, G LABARCA, J MUNOZ, S CUNY, G BRENGUES, C VEAS, F BRYAN, RT TI SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI ENCEPHALITIS IN A PATIENT WITH HEMOPHILIA AND AIDS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; INFECTION; LEISHMANIASIS; ITRACONAZOLE; CHILE; LEUKEMIA AB Although the frequency of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing dramatically in areas where Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic, trypanosomiasis has been rarely reported in persons with HIV infection or AIDS. Persons with hemophilia who receive multiple blood product transfusions from blood banks with little or no screening for infectious agents are at particularly high risk for infections with both HIV and T. cruzi. We describe the case of a person with hemophilia who was infected by blood transfusion with HIV and T. cruzi and in whom a multifocal, necrotic trypanosomal encephalitis was demonstrated by brain biopsy and electron microscopy. Treatment with benznidazole followed by that with itraconazole and fluconazole was associated with significant clinical and radiographic improvement. C1 UNIV CHILE,FAC MED,DEPT BIOQUIM,SANTIAGO,CHILE. UNIV CHILE,FAC MED,DEPT BIOQUIM,SANTIAGO,CHILE. UNIV CHILE,FAC MED,DEPT FARMACOL,SANTIAGO,CHILE. UNIV CHILE,HOSP CLIN,DEPT MED,IMMUNOL LAB,SANTIAGO,CHILE. ORSTOM,RETROVIRUS PARASITES LAB,MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KK667 UT WOS:A1993KK66700010 PM 8382964 ER PT J AU JANNER, D AZIMI, P BERNE, P LARSEN, S MILLER, M GARDNER, E BERMAN, S AF JANNER, D AZIMI, P BERNE, P LARSEN, S MILLER, M GARDNER, E BERMAN, S TI CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS - EVALUATION OF 19S IGM-FTA AND IGM-ELISA IN MATERNAL-INFANT PAIRS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,OAKLAND,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 41 IS 1 BP A111 EP A111 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA KH410 UT WOS:A1993KH41000604 ER PT J AU WILLHOITE, MB BENNERT, HW PALOMAKI, GE ZAREMBA, MM HERMAN, WH WILLIAMS, JR SPEAR, NH AF WILLHOITE, MB BENNERT, HW PALOMAKI, GE ZAREMBA, MM HERMAN, WH WILLIAMS, JR SPEAR, NH TI THE IMPACT OF PRECONCEPTION COUNSELING ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES - THE EXPERIENCE OF THE MAINE DIABETES IN PREGNANCY PROGRAM SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; INFANTS; MOTHERS; INSULIN; CARE; RISK; ORGANOGENESIS; POPULATION; ANOMALIES AB OBJECTIVE - To determine if a noncentralized, statewide program could be established to educate health-care providers and women with pregestational diabetes on available strategies to prevent adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Characteristics of women who participated in the program and the outcomes of their pregnancies are evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A network of regional providers caring for pregnant women with diabetes was developed. Continuing education sessions were delivered to both providers and women with existing diabetes on the importance of preconception counseling. RESULTS - Maine health care providers collaborated on the development and adoption of three patient care guidelines that address preconception counseling prenatal care, and contraception for women with established diabetes. A total of 185 pregnancies among 160 women with pregestational diabetes reported estimated delivery dates between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 1990 were identified. Of the total pregnancies, 62 (34%) occurred in women who received preconception counseling among these 62 pregnancies were one major congenital defect (1.6%) and four fetal or neonatal deaths (6.4%). Among the 123 (66%) pregnancies occurring in women that had not received preconception counseling, 8 (6.5%) infants were born with congenital abnormalities, and 26 (21.1%) fetal or neonatal deaths were documented. CONCLUSIONS - A program promoting preconception counseling can be implemented on a statewide basis by using various health-care providers to deliver the program. Participation in such a program appears to be related to improved pregnancy outcomes among women with pregestational diabetes. C1 MAINE DEPT HUMAN SERV,DIABET CONTROL PROJECT,MAINE DIABET PREGNANCY PROGRAM,STATE HOUSE STN 11,AUGUSTA,ME 04333. FDN BLOOD RES,SCARBOROUGH,ME. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [U32/CCU100335] NR 18 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD FEB PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.2.450 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KK682 UT WOS:A1993KK68200006 PM 8432216 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM AF MILLER, JM TI MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGY FOR HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; ENZYME; PROBE AB Hospital-acquired infections in the United States contribute to approximately 80,000 deaths per year, with an associated cost of >$4 billion. Some of these infections are associated with outbreaks and clusters occurring within the hospital. The hospital infection control team must respond quickly and decisively to recognize and curtail these outbreaks, but their response often depends on critical laboratory data that characterize or ''fingerprint'' suspected microbial isolates. This presentation summarizes the simple, easily performed tests and the more molecular approaches that a hospital laboratory may take in support of infection control efforts. In addition to phenotypic data, such as biotype and antibiograms, hospitals that elect to incorporate molecular protocols should limit their first experiences to plasmid analysis and plasmid restriction endonuclease profiles. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,C16,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 16 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/0732-8893(93)90014-X PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KR320 UT WOS:A1993KR32000013 PM 8467629 ER PT J AU ALTEKRUSE, S KOEHLER, J HICKMANBRENNER, F TAUXE, RV FERRIS, K AF ALTEKRUSE, S KOEHLER, J HICKMANBRENNER, F TAUXE, RV FERRIS, K TI A COMPARISON OF SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPES FROM EGG-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAKS AND IMPLICATED LAYING FLOCKS SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTED HENS AB Infections due to Salmonella enteritidis are increasing worldwide. In the United States, between 1985 and 1989, 78 % of the S. enteritidis outbreaks in which a food vehicle was identified implicated a food containing raw or lightly cooked shell eggs. Under a US Department of Agriculture regulation published in 1990, eggs implicated in human food-borne S. enteritidis outbreaks were traced back to the source flock. The flock environment and the internal organs of a sample of hens were tested for S. enteritidis. We compared the S. enteritidis phage types of isolates from 18 human, egg-associated outbreaks and the 15 flocks implicated through traceback of these outbreaks. The predominant human outbreak phage type was recovered from the environment in 100 % of implicated flocks and from the internal organs of hens in 88 % of implicated flocks we tested. The results support the use of phage typing as a tool to identify flocks involved in human S. enteritidis outbreaks. C1 USDA,AMES,IA 50010. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALTEKRUSE, S (reprint author), US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,HFF 265,200 C ST SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20204, USA. NR 19 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL759 UT WOS:A1993KL75900003 PM 8432319 ER PT J AU LUBY, SP JONES, JL HORAN, JM AF LUBY, SP JONES, JL HORAN, JM TI A LARGE SALMONELLOSIS OUTBREAK ASSOCIATED WITH A FREQUENTLY PENALIZED RESTAURANT SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article AB Between January and June 1990, Restaurant A in Greenville, South Carolina repeatedly failed local health department inspection and was repeatedly sanctioned. In September 1990, two persons, hospitalized with salmonellosis after attending a convention catered by Restaurant A, contacted the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. We inspected Restaurant A, interviewed food handlers, and surveyed by telephone persons from every sixth business attending the convention. Of 398 persons interviewed, 135 (34%) reported gastroenteritis. Nine had culture-confirmed salmonella infection. People who ate turkey were 4.6 times more likely to become ill than those who did not eat turkey (95% confidence interval 2.0, 10.6). We estimate that of 2430 attendees, 824 became ill. Sanitarians judged Restaurant A's kitchen too small to prepare over 500 meals safely. The cooked turkey was unrefrigerated for several hours, incompletely rewarmed, and rinsed with water to reduce its offensive odour prior to serving. Stronger sanctions may be needed against restaurants that repeatedly fail local health department inspection. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. RP LUBY, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MALARIA BRANCH,MS F12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL759 UT WOS:A1993KL75900005 PM 8432321 ER PT J AU VUGIA, DJ MISHU, B SMITH, M TAVRIS, DR HICKMANBRENNER, FW TAUXE, RV AF VUGIA, DJ MISHU, B SMITH, M TAVRIS, DR HICKMANBRENNER, FW TAUXE, RV TI SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS OUTBREAK IN A RESTAURANT CHAIN - THE CONTINUING CHALLENGES OF PREVENTION SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; HENS EGGS; CONSUMPTION; CHICKENS AB In 1990, a Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreak occurred in a restaurant chain in Pennsylvania. To determine its cause(s), we conducted a case-control study and a cohort study at one restaurant, and a survey of restaurants. Egg dishes were associated with illness (P = 0.03). Guests from one hotel eating at the restaurant had a diarrhoeal attack rate of 14 %, 4.7-fold higher than among those not eating there (P = 0.04). There were no differences in egg handling between affected and unaffected restaurants. Eggs supplied to affected restaurants were medium grade AA eggs from a single farm, and were reportedly refrigerated during distribution. Human and hen SE isolates were phage type 8 and had similar plasmid profiles and antibiograms. We estimate the prevalence of infected eggs during the outbreak to be as high as 1 in 12. Typical restaurant egg-handling practices and refrigeration during distribution appear to be insufficient by themselves to prevent similar outbreaks. C1 PENN STATE DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. RP VUGIA, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 110 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL759 UT WOS:A1993KL75900007 PM 8432323 ER PT J AU HIERHOLZER, JC AF HIERHOLZER, JC TI VIRAL CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENS; DISEASE RP HIERHOLZER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,G-17,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 27 EP 42 PG 16 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA KL040 UT WOS:A1993KL04000003 ER PT J AU HANSON, IC AF HANSON, IC TI RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN SO IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; AIDS; PROPHYLAXIS; DIAGNOSIS; INFANTS; DISEASE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0889-8561 J9 IMMUNOL ALLERGY CLIN JI Immunol. Allerg. Clin. North Am. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 13 IS 1 BP 205 EP 217 PG 13 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA KL040 UT WOS:A1993KL04000015 ER PT J AU CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, SW AF CASTRO, KG DOOLEY, SW TI MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION IN HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS - IS IT INFLUENCED BY COINFECTION WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV-ASSOCIATED TUBERCULOSIS; CARE WORKERS; OUTBREAK C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL462 UT WOS:A1993KL46200003 PM 8440881 ER PT J AU HORAN, TC CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP JARVIS, WR EDWARDS, JR REID, CR AF HORAN, TC CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP JARVIS, WR EDWARDS, JR REID, CR TI NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN SURGICAL PATIENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES, JANUARY 1986 JUNE 1992 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WOUND-INFECTION; CDC DEFINITIONS; SURVEILLANCE; CONTAMINATION; PNEUMONIA; PROGRAM; RATES AB OBJECTIVES: To describe the distribution of nosocomial infections among surgical patients by site of infection for different types of operations, and to show how the risk of certain adverse outcomes associated with nosocomial infection varied by site, type of operation, and exposure to specific medical devices. DESIGN: Surveillance of surgical patients during January 1986-June 1992 using standard definitions and protocols for both comprehensive (all sites, all operations) and targeted (all sites, selected operations) infection detection. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Acute care US hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System: 42,509 patients with 52,388 infections from 95 hospitals using comprehensive surveillance protocols and an additional 5,659 patients with 6,963 infections from 11 more hospitals using a targeted protocol. RESULTS: Surgical site infection was the most common nosocomial infection site (37%) when data were reported by hospitals using the comprehensive protocols. When infections reported from both types of protocols were stratified by type of operation, other sites were most frequent following certain operations (e.g., urinary tract infection after joint prosthesis surgery [52%]). Among the infected surgical patients who died, the probability that an infection was related to the patient's death varied significantly with the site of infection, from 22% for urinary tract infection to 89% for organ/space surgical site infection, but was independent of the type of operation performed. The probability of developing a secondary bloodstream infection also varied significantly with the primary site of infection, from 3.1% for incisional surgical site infection to 9.5% for organ/space surgical site infection (p<.001). For all infections except pneumonia, the risk of developing a secondary bloodstream infection also varied significantly with the type of operation performed (p<.001) and was generally highest for cardiac surgery and lowest for abdominal hysterectomy. Surgical patients who developed ventilator-associated pneumonia were more than twice as likely to develop a secondary blood-stream infection as nonventilated pneumonia patients (8.1% versus 3.3%, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS: For surgical patients with nosocomial infection, the distribution of nosocomial infections by site varies by type of operation, the frequency with which nosocomial infections contribute to patient mortality varies by site of infection but not by type of operation, and the risk of developing a secondary bloodstream infection varies by type of primary infection and, except for pneumonia, by type of operation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 163 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2 BP 73 EP 80 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL462 UT WOS:A1993KL46200005 PM 8440883 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA WOERNLE, CH AF PEGUES, DA WOERNLE, CH TI AN OUTBREAK OF ACUTE NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS IN A NURSING-HOME SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK VIRUS; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; COMMUNITY AB OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for and modes of transmission of an outbreak of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis among residents and staff in a nursing home. DESIGN: Cohort study of residents and questionnaire survey of employees. SETTING: One hundred twenty-bed nursing home in Alabama. PATIENTS: From July 11, 1991, through July 25, 1991, 77 of 120 residents (attack rate = 64%) and at least 14 of 49 employees (minimum attack rate = 29%) developed acute gastroenteritis characterized by vomiting and diarrhea; few residents developed fever > 100-degrees-E Nine residents required intravenous rehydration, and 2 residents died. RESULTS: The risk of developing illness was greater for female residents (64/92 versus 13/28; relative risk [RR] = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI95] = 1.0-2.3) and for employees who reported handling residents' soiled linen, stools, or vomitus more frequently (>5 times a shift versus less-than-or-equal-to 5 times a shift: 7/13 versus 7/31; RR=2.4; CI95 = 1.1-5.4). Direct transmission of infection, probably via person-to-person spread, sustained the outbreak. Temporal clustering analysis demonstrated that the risk of becoming ill 1 or 2 days after a roommate became ill was significantly greater than that of becoming in at other times during the outbreak (RR = 2.2; CI95 = 1.3-3.8). No Salmonella or Shigella species, ova, or parasites were identified from 12 fecal specimens obtained from ill residents. CONCLUSIONS: Although stool and serum specimens were not available for viral studies, the clinical symptoms and incubation period were consistent with illness due to Norwalk-like viral agents. This outbreak emphasizes the severity of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis among elderly and debilitated residents of nursing homes and the need for prompt use of enteric precautions in controlling outbreaks of gastroenteritis in these facilities. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 14 IS 2 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA KL462 UT WOS:A1993KL46200007 PM 8440885 ER PT J AU DIPIETRO, L WILLIAMSON, DF CASPERSEN, CJ EAKER, E AF DIPIETRO, L WILLIAMSON, DF CASPERSEN, CJ EAKER, E TI THE DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SELECTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND BODY-WEIGHT AMONG ADULTS TRYING TO LOSE WEIGHT - THE BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM SURVEY, 1989 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE EXERCISE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; WALKING; WEIGHT ID FITNESS; WOMEN; OBESITY; DISEASE; HEALTH AB Few population-based studies have described the physical activity patterns of individuals trying to lose weight. We analysed cross-sectional, self-reported data from 6125 men and 12 557 women (greater-than-or-equal-to 18 years of age) from 40 states who reported in the 1989 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey that they were trying to lose weight. The BRFSS is a state-based telephone survey of non-institutionalized US adults, which utilizes a multi-stage cluster design based on the Waksberg method of random digit dialling. Walking was the most prevalent physical activity (48%), followed by aerobics (8%), gardening (5%), cycling (5%), and running (4%); however, activity choices varied by socio-demographic characteristics. Among both sexes, the prevalence of overweight (BMI greater-than-or-equal-to 30 kg/m2) decreased significantly with increasing level of activity (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001). Regression results showed that among both sexes and in most age groups, those who ran or jogged, performed aerobics, or cycled weighed less (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) than those who reported no activity-independent of height, race, education, smoking, and caloric restriction. Walking was also associated with lower weight (P less-than-or-equal-to 0.001) among persons aged 40 or older. Because walking is highly prevalent among persons in most socio-demographic strata and is accessible and low risk, its relative merits should be stressed in developing interventions for weight loss and maintenance. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 7 U2 11 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 17 IS 2 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA KL825 UT WOS:A1993KL82500002 PM 8384167 ER PT J AU VESS, RW ANDERSON, RL CARR, JH BOND, WW FAVERO, MS AF VESS, RW ANDERSON, RL CARR, JH BOND, WW FAVERO, MS TI THE COLONIZATION OF SOLID PVC SURFACES AND THE ACQUISITION OF RESISTANCE TO GERMICIDES BY WATER MICROORGANISMS SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANUFACTURED POVIDONE-IODINE; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; POLOXAMER-IODINE; CONTAMINATION; AERUGINOSA; LEGIONELLA; BACTERIA; SURVIVAL; BIOFILMS AB Six common water bacteria were examined for their ability to colonize polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces, survive various germicidal treatment, and re-establish themselves in sterile distilled water (SDW). For each test, two 30.4 cm PVC pipes attached to a 90-degrees PVC elbow were filled with 600 ml of distilled water inoculated with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ps. cepacia, Ps. mesophilica, Acinetobacter anitratus, Mycobacterium chelonae or M. chelonae var. abscessus. After 8 weeks contaminated water was removed and the pipes were exposed to 600 ml of 1 : 213 iodophor disinfectant (ID), 1 : 128 phenolic detergent (P), 1 : 256 quaternary ammonium compound (QA), stock iodophor antiseptic (IA), 2% formaldehyde (F), 10-15 ppm free chlorine (C), 2% glutaraldehyde (G) and 70% ethanol (E). These germicides were periodically sampled, neutralized and examined for surviving organisms. After exposure for 7 d the germicides were removed and each pipe was refilled with SDW. This was assayed at 7 d intervals to determine microbial re-establishment. Samples were removed during microbial conditioning and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pseudomonads were isolated directly from ID, QA, C, P and F, and mycobacteria from QA, IA, ID, P, G, C and F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ps. cepacia survived in PVC pipes after 7 d of exposure to P, ID and C; Ps. mesophilica, after C and ID; and both mycobacteria, after C. SEM examination of PVC remnants revealed bacterial attachment and formation of extracellular material with embedded cells. These studies show that common water bacteria can attach and colonize the interior surface of PVC pipes and develop significant resistance to the action of certain germicides. Specific disinfection strategies are needed to control microbial populations that form in water distribution systems. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0021-8847 J9 J APPL BACTERIOL JI J. Appl. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 74 IS 2 BP 215 EP 221 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb03018.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA KK676 UT WOS:A1993KK67600017 PM 8444652 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, BD FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, JJ KAPLAN, JE HADLOCK, KG REYES, GR CHAN, L HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF AF ROBERTS, BD FOUNG, SKH LIPKA, JJ KAPLAN, JE HADLOCK, KG REYES, GR CHAN, L HENEINE, W KHABBAZ, RF TI EVALUATION OF AN IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY FOR SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I AND TYPE-II SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOIMMUNOPRECIPITATION ASSAYS; ANTIBODY REACTIVITY; GUAYMI INDIANS; WESTERN-BLOT; HTLV-II; INDIVIDUALS; INFECTION; PANAMA AB The confirmation of infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) currently involves multiple assays. These include Western blot (immunoblot) (WB) and/or radioimmunoprecipitation assay for detection of antibodies to HTLV-specific viral proteins and polymerase chain reaction and/or peptide-based enzyme immunoassays for differentiating between the two viruses. We undertook an evaluation of a modified WB assay that includes native HTLV-I viral proteins from MT-2 cells spiked with an HTLV-I transmembrane glycoprotein (recombinant p21e) and the HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-specific recombinant proteins MTA-1 and K55. The test panel consisted of well-characterized sera from U.S. blood donors, American Indians, intravenous drug users, and patients seen in sexually transmitted disease clinics. Of 158 HTLV-I/II-seropositive serum specimens tested, 156 (98.7%) were confirmed and typed as HTLV-I or HTLV-II. Of 82 HTLV-I/II-seroindeterminate or -seronegative serum specimens, only 1 was classified as HTLV-II positive: the sample had weak gag p19 and strong gag p24 and env p21e reactivity and was radioimmunoprecipitation assay negative for env gp61/68 but polymerase chain reaction positive for HTLV-II. The specificity of the modified WB for confirming and typing serum samples was therefore 100%. We conclude that this WB assay is useful for confirming and typing HTLV infection and can help simplify HTLV-I/II testing algorithms. C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. GENE LABS INC,DEPT MOLEC VIROL,REDWOOD CITY,CA 94063. DIAGNOST BIOTECHNOL,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. RP ROBERTS, BD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL33811]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA06596] NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 260 EP 264 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100017 PM 8432811 ER PT J AU YAJKO, DM NASSOS, PS SANDERS, CA GONZALEZ, PC REINGOLD, AL HORSBURGH, CR HOPEWELL, PC CHIN, DP HADLEY, WK AF YAJKO, DM NASSOS, PS SANDERS, CA GONZALEZ, PC REINGOLD, AL HORSBURGH, CR HOPEWELL, PC CHIN, DP HADLEY, WK TI COMPARISON OF 4 DECONTAMINATION METHODS FOR RECOVERY OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX FROM STOOLS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INFECTIONS; AIDS AB The presence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in stool specimens may be a predictor of disseminated MAC infection, yet the methods for decontaminating stools have not been evaluated for their usefulness in recovering MAC organisms. In the present study, four decontamination methods commonly used to recover acid-fast bacteria from respiratory specimens were compared for their utility in recovering MAC from stool specimens. Ten strains of MAC were used at a level of 10(4) to 10(6) CFU to seed the stool specimens. Specimens were divided into four portions and were decontaminated by using the following treatments: (i) N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH), (ii) cetylpyridinium chloride-sodium chloride (CPC-NaCl), (iii) oxalic acid, or (iv) benzalkonium chloride-trisodium phosphate (BC-TSP). The specimens were then plated onto a total of five pieces of selective and nonselective egg- and agar-based media. The oxalic acid method yielded the greatest number of MAC CFU from seeded stool samples; this was followed by NALC-NaOH, BC-TSP, and CPC-NaCl. The difference between the oxalic acid method and each of the other methods was statistically significant (analysis of variance at the 95% significance level). Although more MAC CFU was recovered from seeded stool samples by using oxalic acid than NALC-NaOH, no difference in culture positivity rates was observed when the two methods were used to test 368 clinical stool specimens processed with either oxalic acid (164 specimens) or NALC-NaOH (204 specimens) (P = 0.07) or 67 specimens processed by both methods (P = 0.77). The oxalic acid and NALC-NaOH decontamination methods both appear to be useful for the recovery of MAC organisms from stool specimens. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT BIOMED & ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP YAJKO, DM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94110, USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 302 EP 306 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100025 PM 8432816 ER PT J AU VANEMBDEN, JDA CAVE, MD CRAWFORD, JT DALE, JW EISENACH, KD GICQUEL, B HERMANS, P MARTIN, C MCADAM, R SHINNICK, TM SMALL, PM AF VANEMBDEN, JDA CAVE, MD CRAWFORD, JT DALE, JW EISENACH, KD GICQUEL, B HERMANS, P MARTIN, C MCADAM, R SHINNICK, TM SMALL, PM TI STRAIN IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS BY DNA FINGERPRINTING - RECOMMENDATIONS FOR A STANDARDIZED METHODOLOGY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID INSERTION-SEQUENCE; COMPLEX STRAINS; IS6110; ELEMENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; DIAGNOSIS; TOOL AB DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to be a powerful epidemiologic tool. We propose a standardized technique which exploits variability in both the number and genomic position of IS6110 to generate strain-specific patterns. General use of this technique will permit comparison of results between different laboratories. Such comparisons will facilitate investigations into the international transmission of tuberculosis and may identify specific strains with unique properties such as high infectivity, virulence, or drug resistance. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS MED SCI HOSP,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SURREY,DEPT MICROBIOL,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND. INST PASTEUR,MICROBIAL ENGN UNIT,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. ARMAUER HANSEN RES INST,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. UNIV ZARAGOZA,FAC MED,AREA MICROBIOL,ZARAGOZA,SPAIN. YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,BRONX,NY 10461. STANFORD UNIV,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,BECKMAN CTR B251,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP VANEMBDEN, JDA (reprint author), NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,MOLEC MICROBIOL UNIT,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. RI Hermans, Peter/F-4655-2010; Martin, Carlos/A-7283-2008 OI Martin, Carlos/0000-0003-2993-5478 NR 16 TC 1836 Z9 1881 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 406 EP 409 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100045 PM 8381814 ER PT J AU KATO, H CAVALLARO, JJ KATO, N BARTLEY, SL KILLGORE, GE WATANABE, K UENO, K AF KATO, H CAVALLARO, JJ KATO, N BARTLEY, SL KILLGORE, GE WATANABE, K UENO, K TI TYPING OF CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE BY WESTERN IMMUNOBLOTTING WITH 10 DIFFERENT ANTISERA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; OUTBREAK; STRAINS AB Western blotting (immunoblotting) with antisera against each of 10 reference serogroups was evaluated as a means of typing Clostridium difficile. A total of 164 clinical isolates of C. difficile were tested. Variations in band profiles in each serogroup were used to type isolates into subserogroups. This technique was useful for an epidemiological investigation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KATO, H (reprint author), GIFU UNIV,SCH MED,INST ANAEROB BACTERIOL,40 TSUKASA MACHI,GIFU 500,JAPAN. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 413 EP 415 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100047 PM 8432828 ER PT J AU HALE, YM MELTON, ME LEWIS, JS WILLIS, DE AF HALE, YM MELTON, ME LEWIS, JS WILLIS, DE TI EVALUATION OF THE PACE-2 NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE ASSAY BY 3 PUBLIC-HEALTH LABORATORIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID CULTURE AB The Gen-Probe PACE 2 I)NA probe assay for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was compared with conventional culture techniques in three Florida public health laboratories with 436 patients (271 females and 165 males). The prevalence rates based on culture were 19.9, 55.8, and 33.5% for females, for males, and overall, respectively. Twenty-seven probe-positive specimens gave negative culture results. Twenty of these specimens were resolved as true positives after retesting with a probe competition assay. The resolved sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 99.4, 99.6, 99.4, and 99.6%, respectively. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HALE, YM (reprint author), STATE FLORIDA HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,OFF LAB SERV,JACKSONVILLE,FL 32202, USA. NR 7 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 451 EP 453 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100058 PM 8432837 ER PT J AU WONG, KH AF WONG, KH TI ORIGIN OF HEP-2 CELLS USED FOR CULTURE OF CHLAMYDIAE - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP WONG, KH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 470 EP 471 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100067 ER PT J AU WEISBURG, WG BRENNER, DJ AF WEISBURG, WG BRENNER, DJ TI NUCLEIC-ACID SEQUENCE CITATIONS - NEED FOR MORE-SPECIFIC GUIDELINES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WEISBURG, WG (reprint author), GENE TRAK SYST,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701, USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 31 IS 2 BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KH751 UT WOS:A1993KH75100068 PM 8432843 ER PT J AU WEBER, JT HIBBS, RG DARWISH, A MISHU, B CORWIN, AL RAKHA, M HATHEWAY, CL ELSHARKAWY, S ELRAHIM, SA ALHAMD, MFS SARN, JE BLAKE, PA TAUXE, RV AF WEBER, JT HIBBS, RG DARWISH, A MISHU, B CORWIN, AL RAKHA, M HATHEWAY, CL ELSHARKAWY, S ELRAHIM, SA ALHAMD, MFS SARN, JE BLAKE, PA TAUXE, RV TI A MASSIVE OUTBREAK OF TYPE-E BOTULISM ASSOCIATED WITH TRADITIONAL SALTED FISH IN CAIRO SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In April 1991, 91 hospitalized patients in Cairo were reported to the Egyptian Ministry of Health with botulism intoxication. To define the spectrum of illness and identify a food vehicle, 45 patients were interviewed and a case-control investigation was conducted among families of 5 hospitalized patients. Clinical specimens and specimens of implicated food were tested for toxin and cultured for Clostridium botulinum. Hospitalized patients had symptoms consistent with botulism; 18 (20%) of 91 reported patients died. Illness was associated with eating faseikh (uneviscerated, salted mullet fish; lower 95% confidence limit of odds ratio = 6.6, P < .001). All 5 case-families purchased faseikh from one shop. Very high levels of type E botulinal toxin were detected infaseikh reported to be purchased from the implicated shop; C. botulinum type E was isolated from cultures of clinical specimens and from the faseikh. This is the first documented outbreak of botulism in Egypt and the largest type E outbreak ever reported. C1 USN RES MED UNIT 3,MINIST HLTH,CAIRO,EGYPT. US AGCY INT DEV,CAIRO,EGYPT. RP WEBER, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 167 IS 2 BP 451 EP 454 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KJ487 UT WOS:A1993KJ48700028 PM 8421179 ER PT J AU KATO, N OU, CY KATO, H BARTLEY, SL LUO, CC KILLGORE, GE UENO, K AF KATO, N OU, CY KATO, H BARTLEY, SL LUO, CC KILLGORE, GE UENO, K TI DETECTION OF TOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE IN STOOL SPECIMENS BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXIN-A GENE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL SPECIMENS; AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; FECES AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a segment of the toxin A gene was used to detect toxigenic Clostridium difficile directly from stool specimens of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Although PCR-inhibitory substances were recognized in DNA prepared from stool specimens, the inhibitory substances were eliminated by using an ion-exchange column after phenol-chloroform extraction. Eventually, 39 stool specimens were evaluated by PCR. PCR results for detection of toxigenic C. difficile were in complete agreement with cell culture assay results; all 12 PCR-positive stool specimens were positive by cytotoxin assay, and all 27 PCR-negative specimens were negative by cytotoxin assay. Toxigenic C. difficile was cultured from all PCR-positive specimens. These results suggest that PCR amplification may be an effective method for laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile associated diarrhea and colitis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KATO, N (reprint author), GIFU UNIV,SCH MED,INST ANAEROB BACTERIA BRANCH,40 TSUKASA MACHI,GIFU 500,JAPAN. NR 15 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 167 IS 2 BP 455 EP 458 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KJ487 UT WOS:A1993KJ48700029 PM 8421180 ER PT J AU LEVINE, WC GRIFFIN, PM WOERNLE, CH KLONTZ, KC MACLAFFERTY, LL MCFARLAND, LM WILSON, SA RAY, BJ TAYLOR, JP AF LEVINE, WC GRIFFIN, PM WOERNLE, CH KLONTZ, KC MACLAFFERTY, LL MCFARLAND, LM WILSON, SA RAY, BJ TAYLOR, JP TI VIBRIO INFECTIONS ON THE GULF-COAST - RESULTS OF 1ST YEAR OF REGIONAL SURVEILLANCE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; CHOLERAE GASTROENTERITIS; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB In 1989, the first year of coordinated Vibrio surveillance in four Gulf Coast states (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas), 121 infections were reported. These included 34 V. parahaemolyticus, 30 V. cholerae non-O1, 18 V. vulnificus, 9 V. hollisae, 7 V. alginolyticus, and 7 V. fluvialis. Fourteen patients had primary septicemia, 71 had gastroenteritis, and 29 had wound infections; 7 had other or unknown illnesses. Sixty-six patients were hospitalized, and 9 died. All patients with primary septicemia, but only 17% of those with gastroenteritis, were known to have an underlying illness (P < .001). Among patients for whom data were available, 67% with primary septicemia and 74% with gastroenteritis ate raw oysters in the week before illness began. Of 50 patients with data on where oysters were obtained, 42 (84%) ate them at oyster bars or restaurants. These data provide evidence that in the Gulf Coast region raw oyster consumption is an important cause of Vibrio-associated gastroenteritis among adults without underlying illnesses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ALABAMA DEPT PUBL HLTH,MONTGOMERY,AL. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHABILITAT SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. LOUISIANA DEPT HLTH & HOSP,OFF PUBL HLTH,NEW ORLEANS,LA. TEXAS DEPT HLTH,AUSTIN,TX. NR 15 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 167 IS 2 BP 479 EP 483 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KJ487 UT WOS:A1993KJ48700036 PM 8421186 ER PT J AU HEDBERG, K WHITE, KE HEDBERG, CW BRANDRIET, J OSTERHOLM, MT MACDONALD, KL AF HEDBERG, K WHITE, KE HEDBERG, CW BRANDRIET, J OSTERHOLM, MT MACDONALD, KL TI PERSISTENCE OF CHLAMYDIA COMPLEMENT-FIXATION ANTIBODY AFTER AN OUTBREAK OF PSITTACOSIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTIONS C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 DELAWARE ST SE,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,DIV PUBL HLTH LABS,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 167 IS 2 BP 502 EP 503 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KJ487 UT WOS:A1993KJ48700046 PM 8421194 ER PT J AU COURSAGET, P KRAWCZYNSKI, K BUISSON, Y NIZOU, C MOLINIE, C AF COURSAGET, P KRAWCZYNSKI, K BUISSON, Y NIZOU, C MOLINIE, C TI HEPATITIS-E AND HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTIONS AMONG FRENCH SOLDIERS WITH NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIC HEPATITIS; CHAD; ALGERIA; FRENCH-GUYANA; HCV; HEV; AMODIAQUINE ID EPIDEMIC NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; GENOME; INDIA; CDNA AB Serologic markers of HCV and HEV were investigated in 74 French soldiers with non-A,non-B hepatitis and in 18 patients involved in an outbreak of non-A,non-B hepatitis in Algeria. Moreover, anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 13 patients with non-A,non-B hepatitis of parenteral origin. HEV antibodies were investigated in 61-65% of patients involved in the 2 enterically transmitted outbreaks of non-A,non-B hepatitis observed in Algeria and Chad. The third cluster of non-A,non-B hepatitis observed in French soldiers serving in French Guyana is more likely to be attributed to malaria prophylactic treatment with Amodiaquine than to a viral origin. HCV infection was observed in 93% of acute or chronic cases associated with blood transfusion or parenteral drug abuse. Among acute cases, none of the soldiers who contracted the disease in Africa or in French Guyana was found to be anti-HCV positive compared to 78% of those who contracted the disease in France. HCV infections resulted in chronic hepatitis in 61% of cases. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NCID,DVRD,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HOP INSTRUCT ARMEES VAL DE GRACE,BIOL CLIN LAB,F-75230 PARIS 05,FRANCE. HOP INSTRUCT ARMEES BEGIN,SERV PATHOL DIGEST,F-94160 ST MANDE,FRANCE. RP COURSAGET, P (reprint author), FAC PHARM TOURS,INST VIROL TOURS,MICROBIOL LAB,2 BLVD TONNELLE,F-37042 TOURS,FRANCE. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 39 IS 2 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890390214 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA KM434 UT WOS:A1993KM43400013 PM 8387572 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML HITCH, WL MCNEELEY, DF LAMMIE, PJ AF EBERHARD, ML HITCH, WL MCNEELEY, DF LAMMIE, PJ TI TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI IN HAITIAN WOMEN SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; ANTIGENS AB To document the occurrence of transplacental transmission of microfilariae and to determine how frequently it occurred, umbilical cord blood samples and placental tissues were collected from 22 microfilaria-positive women in an area with endemic Wuchereria bancrofti. Microfilaria (mf) counts in the women ranged from 1 to 3,820 mf/ml. Microfilariae were detected in 2 placenta samples and a single cord blood sample. The positive cord blood sample and 1 of the positive placenta samples came from the same woman; no microfilariae were found in a finger prick sample taken from the infant 3 wk after delivery. Our results suggest that microfilariae cross the placenta in less than 10% of pregnancies of microfilaria-positive mothers. Furthermore, the microfilaria count of the mother does not seem to influence directly whether microfilariae are present in the placental blood pool. Although actual transfer of microfilariae to the fetus may occur infrequently, exposure to parasite antigens occurs with much greater frequency. The effect of in utero exposure to either microfilariae or parasite antigens may render newborns tolerant and explain why children born to infected mothers are almost 3 times more likely to become infected than are children born to uninfected women. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [Y02-00005] NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 79 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.2307/3283278 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA KQ309 UT WOS:A1993KQ30900009 PM 8437059 ER PT J AU HENNING, KJ JEANBAPTISTE, E SINGH, T HILL, RH FRIEDMAN, SM AF HENNING, KJ JEANBAPTISTE, E SINGH, T HILL, RH FRIEDMAN, SM TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME IN PATIENTS INGESTING A SINGLE SOURCE OF L-TRYPTOPHAN SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; TRYPTOPHAN; OUTBREAK; ETHYLIDENEBIS; EOSINOPHILIA ID FASCIITIS; PERIMYOSITIS; SCLERODERMA AB Objective. To estimate the attack rate for eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and to identify potential risk factors for illness among patients attending a New York City medical clinic, who purchased L-tryptophan containing products produced exclusively by Showa Denko K.K. Methods. A case-control design was used. Cases and controls purchased L-tryptophan containing products at the medical clinic from July 1, 1989 - December 1, 1989. All case-patients identified with illness onset during the study period were included. Controls were selected by a systematic sample of the 683 purchasers of L-tryptophan attending the same clinic. Results. Twelve (2.2%) of an estimated 553 L-tryptophan users were case-patients. Multivariate analysis suggested that lot 2 use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 35.9), concomitant use of chromium (adjusted OR = 12.3), and concomitant use of pyridoxine (adjusted OR = 5.8) were associated with the development of illness. Chemical analysis of tablets corresponding to the 3 Showa Denko K.K. lots ingested by study participants showed that lot 2 had the highest concentration of ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan), a proposed causative agent or marker for a causative agent in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Conclusions. Information from our study of persons exposed to implicated L-tryptophan supports the role for a contaminant as the causative agent in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and identifies possible cofactors that deserve further study. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HENNING, KJ (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,125 WORTH ST,BOX 22,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 20 IS 2 BP 273 EP 278 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA KM696 UT WOS:A1993KM69600013 PM 8474064 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI SELECTED BEHAVIORS THAT INCREASE RISK FOR HIV-INFECTION, OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES, AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - UNITED-STATES, 1991 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 PENNSYLVANIA DEPT EDUC,HARRISBURG,PA. S CAROLINA DEPT EDUC,COLUMBIA,SC. S DAKOTA DEPT EDUC & CULTURAL AFFAIRS,PIERRE,SD. TENNESSEE DEPT EDUC,NASHVILLE,TN. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. UTAH OFF EDUC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT. WISCONSIN DEPT PUBL INSTRUCT,MADISON,WI. WYOMING DEPT EDUC,CHEYENNE,WY. NIDA,SUBST ABUSE & MENTAL HLTH SERV ADM,DIV EPIDEMIOL & PREVENT RES,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV ADOLESCENT & SCH HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA. SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. COLORADO DEPT EDUC,DENVER,CO 80203. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGIA DEPT EDUC,ATLANTA,GA 30334. HAWAII DEPT EDUC,HONOLULU,HI 96813. IDAHO DEPT EDUC,BOISE,ID 83720. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. IOWA DEPT EDUC,DES MOINES,IA. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. MONTANA OFF PUBL INSTRUCT,HELENA,MT. NEBRASKA DEPT EDUC,LINCOLN,NE. NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPT EDUC,CONCORD,NH. JERSEY CITY BOARD EDUC,JERSEY CITY,NJ. NEW JERSEY DEPT HIGHER EDUC,TRENTON,NJ. NEW MEXICO DEPT EDUC,SANTA FE,NM. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,ALBANY,NY 12224. OREGON DEPT EDUC,SALEM,OR. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. RP MOORE, J (reprint author), ALABAMA DEPT EDUC,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD FEB PY 1993 VL 63 IS 2 BP 116 EP 118 PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KV374 UT WOS:A1993KV37400009 ER PT J AU SCHIFF, TA GOLDMAN, R SANCHEZ, M MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM KLIRSFELD, D MOY, J AF SCHIFF, TA GOLDMAN, R SANCHEZ, M MCNEIL, MM BROWN, JM KLIRSFELD, D MOY, J TI PRIMARY LYMPHOCUTANEOUS NOCARDIOSIS CAUSED BY AN UNUSUAL SPECIES OF NOCARDIA - NOCARDIA-TRANSVALENSIS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY CUTANEOUS NOCARDIOSIS; LABORATORY MICE; ASTEROIDES; INFECTION AB We present the first case of lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by Nocardia transvalensis and the seventh report of infection caused by this microorganism. The patient was allergic to sulfonamides but responded to amikacin and cefotaxime and later to erythromycin. The treatment and criteria for differentiation of cutaneous Nocardia species infection are discussed. C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT DERMATOL,560 1ST AVE,NEW YORK,NY 10016. NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 28 IS 2 SU S BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1016/0190-9622(93)70049-Y PN 2 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KL570 UT WOS:A1993KL57000016 PM 8436653 ER PT J AU PHILEN, RM HILL, RH AF PHILEN, RM HILL, RH TI 3-(PHENYLAMINO)ALANINE - A LINK BETWEEN EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME AND TOXIC OIL SYNDROME SO MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRYPTOPHAN; ANILINE; SAMPLES C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH,TOXICOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP PHILEN, RM (reprint author), NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,HLTH STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS PI ROCHESTER PA 660 SIEBENS BLDG MAYO CLINIC, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 SN 0025-6196 J9 MAYO CLIN PROC JI Mayo Clin. Proc. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 68 IS 2 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KK995 UT WOS:A1993KK99500016 PM 8423703 ER PT J AU MCLAUGHLIN, GL HOWE, DK BIGGS, DR SMITH, AR LUDWINSKI, P FOX, BC TRIPATHY, DN FRASCH, CE WENGER, JD CAREY, RB HASSANKING, M VODKIN, MH AF MCLAUGHLIN, GL HOWE, DK BIGGS, DR SMITH, AR LUDWINSKI, P FOX, BC TRIPATHY, DN FRASCH, CE WENGER, JD CAREY, RB HASSANKING, M VODKIN, MH TI AMPLIFICATION OF RDNA LOCI TO DETECT AND TYPE NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS AND OTHER EUBACTERIA SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; AMPLIFICATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; NEISSERIA; MENINGOCOCCEMIA; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; STRAIN IDENTIFICATION ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INTERCONTINENTAL SPREAD; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DNA; EPIDEMIC; IDENTIFICATION C1 CARLE CLIN ASSOC,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. CHAMPAIGN URBANA PUBL HLTH DIST,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61820. CARLE CLIN ASSOC,URBANA,IL 61801. US FDA,DIV BACTERIAL PROD,OFF BIOL RES,BETHESDA,MD 20014. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ST FRANCIS HOSP,EVANSTON,IL 60202. MED RES COUNCIL LAB,BANJUL,SENEGAMBIA. RP MCLAUGHLIN, GL (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH VET MED,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EYO 8205] NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD FEB PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 7 EP 17 DI 10.1006/mcpr.1993.1002 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA KN199 UT WOS:A1993KN19900002 PM 8455644 ER PT J AU BOBO, JK GALE, JL THAPA, PB WASSILAK, SGF AF BOBO, JK GALE, JL THAPA, PB WASSILAK, SGF TI RISK-FACTORS FOR DELAYED IMMUNIZATION IN A RANDOM SAMPLE OF 1163 CHILDREN FROM OREGON AND WASHINGTON SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION RATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PARENT COMPLIANCE ID VACCINATION; CARE AB Despite extensive study of vaccine safety and decades of effort to immunize infants and toddlers, little is known about the comprehensiveness of vaccine coverage in US children younger than 2 years of age. Provider and parent data from a population-based sample of 1163 children from two states were analyzed to assess coverage rates at three ages and to evaluate characteristics of children and their families that predict failure to immunize on schedule. Overall, 78% of the children had received their first dose of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with pertussis vaccine (DTP) and their first dose of oral poliovirus (OPV) by 92 days of age. Similarly, 77% had received their third dose of DTP and their second dose of OPV by their first birthday. However, by their second birthday only 60% had received the full series of four doses of DTP, three doses of OPV, and one dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. When considered singly, several variables including child birth order, family income, maternal education, and marital status significantly predicted failure to immunize on schedule. In multivariate logistic models, only birth order and maternal education consistently predicted vaccine status at each of the three ages. Compared with first-born children, those who were later-born were 1.7 times more likely to be incompletely immunized at 2 years of age (95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.3). Children of more educated mothers were significantly less likely to be underimmunized at all ages. These data highlight the general need to continue promoting immunizations to the broad population of US parents and a specific need to aggressively target children who are later-born or have unmarried, low-income, or poorly educated mothers. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. VANDERBILT UNIV,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BOBO, JK (reprint author), UNIV NEBRASKA,MED CTR,DEPT PREVENT & SOCIETAL MED,600 S 42ND ST,OMAHA,NE 68198, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-87-0506] NR 22 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KK578 UT WOS:A1993KK57800006 PM 8424004 ER PT J AU GINDLER, JS CUTTS, FT BARNETTANTINORI, ME ZELL, ER SWINT, EB HADLER, SC RULLAN, JV AF GINDLER, JS CUTTS, FT BARNETTANTINORI, ME ZELL, ER SWINT, EB HADLER, SC RULLAN, JV TI SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN VACCINE DELIVERY - EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNIZATION DELIVERY SYSTEM IN PUERTO-RICO SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES; VACCINATION ID CHILDREN AB The objective of this study was to evaluate immunization delivery and determine reasons for low coverage among preschool-age public clinic attendees in Puerto Rico. In 25 randomly selected clinics, coverage and missed immunization opportunities were assessed in 273 children aged 2 to 59 months, exit interviews were conducted with parents, and providers were interviewed. Two neighborhoods close to the clinics were surveyed to determine parental knowledge about immunizations, and the vaccination status of children in these neighborhoods was assessed. Two hundred seventy-three clinic attendees were interviewed. Among 229 (84%) with vaccination cards, only 126 (55%) had received all indicated vaccines by completion of the clinic visit. Forty-five percent of children with cards in the household survey were not up-to-date. Of 171 (75%) clinic attendees eligible for vaccination at the visit, 118 (69%) missed one or more immunizations at the visit. In addition, half of all children had previously missed one or more immunizations when they had received another vaccine. Missed opportunities occurred because of nonavailability of vaccines, lack of integration of services, provider misconceptions about contraindications, and failure to administer vaccines simultaneously. Other problems included barriers to immunization services and lack of information and education activities. It is concluded that deficiencies in immunization delivery substantially delay immunization and reduce coverage. C1 HOSP NINO,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. PUERTO RICO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,SAN JUAN,PR. RP GINDLER, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,INFORMAT SERV MS-E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 315 EP 320 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KK578 UT WOS:A1993KK57800007 PM 8424005 ER PT J AU MCCLAIN, PW SACKS, JJ FROEHLKE, RG EWIGMAN, BG AF MCCLAIN, PW SACKS, JJ FROEHLKE, RG EWIGMAN, BG TI ESTIMATES OF FATAL CHILD-ABUSE AND NEGLECT, UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1988 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CHILD ABUSE; MORTALITY; SURVEILLANCE ID SUDDEN INFANT DEATH; HOMICIDE AB The results of recent surveys in the United States have suggested a rising tide of fatalities due to child abuse or neglect (CAN). Because these surveys lack consistency in case definition and are incomplete in coverage, the use of death certificate data to estimate the number of CAN deaths was explored. To estimate these deaths among children 0 through 17 years old for 1979 through 1988, three models were formulated, each comprising six coding categories: (1) deaths coded explicitly as due to CAN, (2) homicides, (3) injury deaths of undetermined intentionality, (4) accidental injury deaths, (5) sudden infant death syndrome fatalities, and (6) natural-cause deaths. Research studies and crime data were relied on to estimate the proportions of deaths in categories 2 through 6 that were actually due to CAN, and other assumptions were varied to create a range of estimates. For the 10-year period, the estimated mean annual CAN fatalities ranged from 861 to 1814 for ages 0 through 4, and from 949 to 2022 for ages 0 through 17. Child abuse and neglect death rates did not increase over the period; in fact, they were relatively stable for ages 0 through 17 and showed a modest decline for 0 through 4. Ninety percent of fatal CAN occurs among children younger than 5 years old, and 41% occurs among infants. About 85% of CAN deaths are recorded as due to other causes. It is concluded that the magnitude of fatal CAN can be estimated from death certificates. It is recommended that the death coding system be modified to make CAN identification easier and that this study's methodology be refined to provide the basis for ongoing surveillance. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,COLUMBIA,MO 65201. RP MCCLAIN, PW (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,4770 BUFFORD HIGHWAY,NE K-60,ATLANTA,GA 30041, USA. NR 32 TC 106 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KK578 UT WOS:A1993KK57800010 PM 8424007 ER PT J AU NELSON, DE SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG AF NELSON, DE SACKS, JJ ADDISS, DG TI SMOKING POLICIES OF LICENSED CHILD DAY-CARE-CENTERS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE CHILD DAY-CARE CENTERS; CIGARETTE SMOKING; SMOKING POLICIES; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE ID PASSIVE SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; TOBACCO-SMOKE; OTITIS-MEDIA; EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; ATOPY AB The authors analyzed data from a national survey of 2003 directors of licensed child day-care centers to determine employee smoking policies, measure compliance with state and local employee smoking regulations for child day-care centers and state clean indoor air laws, and to estimate the extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in these settings. Forty states regulated employee smoking in child day-care centers, but only three states required day-care centers to be smoke-free indoors. More than 99% of licensed child day-care centers had employee smoking policies that complied with the appropriate state or local smoking regulations. Nearly 55% of centers were smoke-free indoors and outdoors, and 26% were smoke-free indoors only. The best predictors of more stringent employee smoking policies were location in the West or South, smaller size, independent ownership, or having written smoking policies. Despite the presence of strong smoking policies at the majority of licensed child day-care centers, more than 752000 children in the United States are at risk for environmental tobacco smoke exposure in these settings. Health care professionals and parents should insist that child day-care centers be smoke-free indoors and, preferably, smoke-free indoors and outdoors. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NELSON, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,MAILSTOP K-50,ATLANTA,GA 30041, USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 1993 VL 91 IS 2 BP 460 EP 463 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA KK578 UT WOS:A1993KK57800031 PM 8380925 ER PT J AU CRAWFORD, JT AF CRAWFORD, JT TI APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR METHODS TO EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS BCG; INSERTION-SEQUENCE; COMPLEX STRAINS; IS6110; ELEMENT; POLYMORPHISM; PROBES; TOOL RP CRAWFORD, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 144 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90024-V PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KZ492 UT WOS:A1993KZ49200004 PM 8101661 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Concomitant with the resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States have been increasing reports of nosocomial transmission of TB. From January 1990 through September 1992, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) investigated eight nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Over 200 patients were infected; approximately 75 % of these patients died. Risk factors for infection included human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and recent hospitalization on the same ward as other MDR-TB patients. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of M. tuberculosis isolates revealed unique strains were transmitted in each hospital. In three hospitals, health care workers (HCW) assigned to wards with MDR-TB patients were shown to be more likely to have tuberculin skin test (TST) conversions than HCW assigned to wards without MDR-TB patients. These outbreaks demonstrate the serious morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial MDR-TB and emphasize the importance of adhering to current CDC guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in healtheare settings, with special focus on HIV-related issues. RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 144 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0923-2508(93)90025-W PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KZ492 UT WOS:A1993KZ49200005 PM 8337468 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR MCGOWAN, JE PERRONNE, C ZHANG, Y RASTOGI, N AF JARVIS, WR MCGOWAN, JE PERRONNE, C ZHANG, Y RASTOGI, N TI 9TH FORUM IN MICROBIOLOGY - EMERGENCE OF MULTIPLE-DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS - FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED-RESEARCH ASPECTS, GLOBAL ISSUES AND CURRENT STRATEGIES - DISCUSSION SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Discussion C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,CLIN MICROBIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30303. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30335. HOP BICHAT CLAUDE BERNARD,SERV MALAD INFECT & TROP,F-75877 PARIS 18,FRANCE. HAMMERSMITH HOSP,ROYAL POSTGRAD MED SCH,MRC,TB & RELATED INFECT UNIT,LONDON W12 0HS,ENGLAND. INST PASTEUR,UNITE TB & MYCOBACTERIES,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 144 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA KZ492 UT WOS:A1993KZ49200011 ER PT J AU HELITZERALLEN, DL MCFARLAND, DA WIRIMA, JJ MACHESO, AP AF HELITZERALLEN, DL MCFARLAND, DA WIRIMA, JJ MACHESO, AP TI MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS COMPLIANCE IN PREGNANT-WOMEN - A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MALARIA; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; COMPLIANCE; HEALTH EDUCATION AB Compliance to malaria chemoprophylaxis among pregnant women in Malawi has historically been low. Three separate interventions, based upon an ethnographic study of malaria beliefs among pregnant women in Malawi, were introduced to increase compliance to the malaria chemoprophylaxis program provided by the Ministry of Health. Each intervention consisted of a health education message and an antimalarial drug. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the interventions was conducted to compare, the interventions as alternative strategies to increase compliance among pregnant women. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30329. UNIV MALAWI,COLL MED,LILONGWE,MALAWI. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HELITZERALLEN, DL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 36 IS 4 BP 403 EP 407 DI 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90402-P PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA KL550 UT WOS:A1993KL55000004 PM 8434265 ER PT J AU REYNOLDS, G COLTON, T AF REYNOLDS, G COLTON, T TI PAPERS FROM THE SYMPOSIUM ON STATISTICAL-METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF INTERVENTION AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES, DECEMBER 1990 SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 BOSTON UNIV, SCH PUBL HLTH, BOSTON, MA 02118 USA. RP REYNOLDS, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 192 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120302 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000001 PM 8384372 ER PT J AU SCHNELL, DJ GALAVOTTI, C OREILLY, KR FREEMAN, A COHN, D CORBY, N WOOD, R AF SCHNELL, DJ GALAVOTTI, C OREILLY, KR FREEMAN, A COHN, D CORBY, N WOOD, R TI AN EVALUATION OF SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR CHANGE USING STATISTICAL AND COGNITIVE MODELS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We evaluate sexual behaviour change among homosexual men enrolled in the cohorts in four AIDS Community Demonstration Projects. Behaviour change is classified following the stages of behaviour change model and described using a Markov model. Predictors of behaviour change are identified and evaluated using logit models for correlated data. Sexual behaviour change within the cohort could be modelled as a first-order Markov process. In addition, predictors suggested by models of health behaviour were correlated with particular patterns of sexual behaviour change. Our evaluation revealed a variety of patterns of sexual behaviour change in the cohorts and suggests multi-faceted interventions for promotion of behaviour change. RP SCHNELL, DJ (reprint author), US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120306 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000004 PM 8456207 ER PT J AU WASSELL, JT MOESCHBERGER, ML AF WASSELL, JT MOESCHBERGER, ML TI A BIVARIATE SURVIVAL MODEL WITH MODIFIED GAMMA FRAILTY FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INTERVENTIONS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Bivariate survival analysis models that incorporate random effects or 'frailty' provide a useful framework for determining the effectiveness of interventions. These models are based on the notion that two paired survival times are correlated because they share a common unobserved value of a random variate from a frailty distribution. In some applications, however, investigators may have some information that characterizes pairs and thus provides information about their frailty. Alternatively, there may be an interest in assessing whether the correlation within certain types of pairs is different from the correlation within other types of pairs. In this paper, we present a method to incorporate 'pair-wise' covariate information into the dependence parameter of the bivariate survival function. We provide an example using data from the Framingham Heart Study to investigate the times until the occurrence of two events within an individual: the first detection of hypertension and the first cardiovascular disease event. We model the dependence between these two events as a function of the age of the individual at the time of enrolment into the Framingham Study. C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. RP WASSELL, JT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120308 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000006 PM 8456209 ER PT J AU LONGINI, IM HALLORAN, ME HABER, M CHEN, RT AF LONGINI, IM HALLORAN, ME HABER, M CHEN, RT TI MEASURING VACCINE EFFICACY FROM EPIDEMICS OF ACUTE INFECTIOUS AGENTS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS; PERTUSSIS VACCINES; MALARIA VACCINES; HOUSEHOLD; DISEASES; MEASLES; POPULATION; SIMULATION; OUTBREAKS; INFLUENZA AB A good measure of field vaccine efficacy should evaluate the direct protective effect of vaccination on the person who receives the vaccine. The conventional estimator for vaccine efficacy depends on population level factors that are either unrelated or indirectly related to the direct biological action of the vaccine on persons, including population structure, duration of the study, the fraction vaccinated, and herd immunity, that is, indirect effects. Indirect effects can cause the conventional vaccine efficacy estimator to be inaccurate. We review alternative vaccine efficacy estimators that control for indirect effects at the population level. Thus, they are more accurate than the conventional estimator. We use epidemic simulations to explore the robustness of the conventional and proposed estimators under different field conditions. In addition, we apply the different vaccine efficacy estimators to data from a measles epidemic in Muyinga, Burundi. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LONGINI, IM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV BIOSTAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR01632]; NIAID NIH HHS [1-R01-AI32042-01, 1-R29-AI31057-01] NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 249 EP 263 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120309 PG 15 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000007 PM 8456210 ER PT J AU ICHIDA, JM WASSELL, JT KELLER, MD AYERS, LW AF ICHIDA, JM WASSELL, JT KELLER, MD AYERS, LW TI EVALUATION OF PROTOCOL CHANGE IN BURN-CARE MANAGEMENT USING THE COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL WITH TIME-DEPENDENT COVARIATES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; INFECTION; PATIENT AB Survival analysis methods are valuable for detecting intervention effects because detailed information from patient records and sensitive outcome measures are used. The burn unit at a large university hospital replaced routine bathing with total body bathing using chlorhexidine gluconate for antimicrobial effect. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse time from admission until either infection with Staphylococcus aureus or discharge for 155 patients, controlling for burn severity and two time-dependent covariates: days until first wound excision and days until first administration of prophylactic antibiotics. The risk of infection was 55 per cent higher in the historical control group, although not statistically significant. There was also some indication that early wound excision may be important as an infection-control measure for burn patients. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, UNIV HOSP, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. RP OHIO WESLEYAN UNIV, DELAWARE, OH 43015 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120313 PG 10 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000011 PM 8456213 ER PT J AU KAFADAR, K KARON, JM AF KAFADAR, K KARON, JM TI AN ANALYSIS OF AIDS INCIDENCE DATA BY CLUSTERING TRENDS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FUTURE-TRENDS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC AB AIDS incidence trends vary greatly among geographic areas in the United States. We define clusters of areas within which AIDS incidence trends are similar, as areas within a cluster may have similar human immunodeficiency virus epidemic patterns and thus may lead to similar prevention/intervention strategies. Methods of exploratory data analysis are used to define such clusters from reported quarterly AIDS incidence to December 1990 (adjusted for estimated reporting delays) in homosexual and bisexual men not using intravenous drugs in 39 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States. After smoothing AIDS incidence in each MSA, we define groups from cluster analysis based on a measure of similarity between pairs of MSAs. A log-linear model gives estimates of the scale factors and the common trend for the MSAs in each group. Alternative metrics and simulated data suggest that the clustering is fairly robust to variations in AIDS incidence data. The resulting clusters separate MSAs with different trends, for example, MSAs in which AIDS incidence shows signs of reaching a plateau are separated from MSAs in which incidence continues to increase rapidly. C1 NATL CTR INFECT DIS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS E-48,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAFADAR, K (reprint author), NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BIOMETRY BRANCH,EXECUT PLAZA N,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 326 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120314 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000012 PM 8456214 ER PT J AU MARTINEZSCHNELL, B WILCOX, LS PETERSON, HB JAMISON, PM HUGHES, JM AF MARTINEZSCHNELL, B WILCOX, LS PETERSON, HB JAMISON, PM HUGHES, JM TI EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF TUBAL-STERILIZATION ON MENSTRUAL FUNCTION - SELECTED ISSUES IN DATA-ANALYSIS SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; OUTCOMES AB We examined selected issues in data analysis in the Collaborative Review of Sterilization (CREST). CREST is a multicentre, prospective, observational study of women undergoing tubal sterilization. We analysed menstrual function after sterilization in over 5000 women who were enrolled in the period 1978-1983 and followed for 5 years with yearly follow-up interviews. To take into account the dependency among repeated responses from the same individuals, we used the generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach to longitudinal data analysis. Marginal modelling resulted in a statistically significant increase in the odds of menstrual dysfunction at 5 years after tubal sterilization. Transitional modelling produced rates of menstrual dysfunction given a woman's menstrual function at baseline, after adjusting for other baseline characteristics such as method of contraception before sterilization. To examine the direction of the bias that could result from non-random missing data, we refitted our models using imputed values. The models with imputed values showed the same trends as the original models. RP MARTINEZSCHNELL, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120317 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000015 PM 8456217 ER PT J AU STEVENSON, JM OLSON, DR AF STEVENSON, JM OLSON, DR TI METHODS FOR ANALYZING COUNTY-LEVEL MORTALITY-RATES SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VITAL-RATES; BAYES; STANDARDIZATION; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB The identification of counties burdened by exceptionally high rates of mortality is a fundamental step in the development of state-based intervention and prevention strategies. However, the estimation of rates from small geographic areas presents special problems, especially for rare events. This paper compares the use of crude and age-standardized rates to the use of Poisson regression models and empirical Bayes models for analysing county-level mortality rates. The results demonstrate both practical and heuristic advantages of the empirical Bayes models. Age-standardized rates adjust for differences in age structure among counties but are vulnerable to extreme variability in county age-specific rates. In our example - an analysis of diabetes mortality rates - Poisson regression did not improve the variability of estimated county-level rates. Adjusted empirical Bayes estimates dramatically shrink the observed rates while preserving some separation of the counties with extreme rates. Also, empirical Bayes estimates of rates for counties with no observed deaths are shrunk close to the prior mean. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP STEVENSON, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 12 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1002/sim.4780120320 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA KN880 UT WOS:A1993KN88000018 PM 8456220 ER PT J AU SLEPUSHKIN, AN OBROSOVASEROVA, NP BURTSEVA, EI RUDENKO, LG GOVORKOVA, EA VARTANYAN, RV VERESTSINSKY, AI LONSKAYA, NI HARMON, MW TOROK, T ALEXANDROVA, GI KENDAL, AP AF SLEPUSHKIN, AN OBROSOVASEROVA, NP BURTSEVA, EI RUDENKO, LG GOVORKOVA, EA VARTANYAN, RV VERESTSINSKY, AI LONSKAYA, NI HARMON, MW TOROK, T ALEXANDROVA, GI KENDAL, AP TI COMPARISON OF LIVE ATTENUATED AND INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN IN RUSSIA .1. SAFETY AND EFFICACY IN 2 MOSCOW SCHOOLS, 1987/88 SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE INFLUENZA; VIRUS; ATTENUATION; SCHOOL IMMUNIZATION ID VIRUS-VACCINE; REACTOGENICITY; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB The performance of two doses of cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine versus one dose of whole-virus inactivated vaccine was compared in 8-15-year-old schoolchildren in two schools in Moscow, Russia, during the winter of 1987/88. Both vaccines gave rise to low frequencies of associated febrile or systemic reactions, but the inactivated vaccine, delivered by jet injector, did cause small local reactions in about half of the children. Immunogenicity was higher for both vaccines in antibody-free children, and higher levels of serum antibody were detected following use of inactivated vaccine. During the winter, influenza A (H3N2) and influenza B viruses circulated in Moscow. A clear outbreak of (H3N2) virus occurred in both schools, and infections with type B virus also occurred in one school. The influenza A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2) component of both vaccines exhibited protective efficacy of about 40% (p < 0.05) against serologically proven infection caused by the antigenically drifted A/Sichuan/2/87 (H3N2)-like epidemic viruses in one school. In another school where illnesses associated with antibody rise were documented, efficacy was seen for both vaccines in reduction of illnesses, and of illnesses with serological evidence of infection, but statistical significance was not achieved. C1 DI IVANOVSKII VIROL INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. LA TARASEVITCH STATE STAND & CONTROL BIOL MED PREPARAT INST,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. ST PETERSBURG EXPTL MED INST,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,WHO,COLLABORATING CTR INFLUENZA,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB PY 1993 VL 11 IS 3 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(93)90194-3 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA KM397 UT WOS:A1993KM39700006 PM 8447161 ER PT J AU BAI, XH WARNER, CK FEKADU, M AF BAI, XH WARNER, CK FEKADU, M TI COMPARISONS OF NUCLEOTIDE AND DEDUCED AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES OF THE GLYCOPROTEIN GENES OF A CHINESE STREET STRAIN (CGX89-1) AND A CHINESE VACCINE STRAIN (3AG) OF RABIES VIRUS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GLYCOPROTEIN; RABIES VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; CHINESE AB We analyzed the glycoprotein gene sequences of a Chinese street rabies virus strain (CGX89-1) and a Chinese human rabies vaccine strain (3aG). The complete glycoprotein gene sequence of each strain has 1575 nucleotides and encodes a polypeptide of 524 amino acids. The overall nucleotide homology of these glycoprotein genes is 84.5%, and the deduced amino acid homology is 89.5%. Twenty-one percent of the base changes result in amino acid substitutions. Comparison of the homologies of the glycoprotein genes showed that the most conserved region is the ectodomain, whereas the most variable regions are the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The overall nucleotide homologies of the 3aG glycoprotein and the CGX89-1 glycoprotein compared with the Pasteur virus glycoprotein are 91.2% and 84.1% respectively. The glycoprotein gene sequences presented here, the first from isolates of Chinese origin, provide insights into the biologically significant regions of this rabies gene. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA KQ627 UT WOS:A1993KQ62700001 PM 8460524 ER PT J AU KITAMURA, K ZAKI, SR GREER, PW SINHA, SD FOLKS, TM AF KITAMURA, K ZAKI, SR GREER, PW SINHA, SD FOLKS, TM TI TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA INDUCES CIRCULAR FORMS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 DNA IN THE PERSISTENTLY INFECTED LOW-LEVEL EXPRESSING CELL-LINE, ACH-2 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CIRCULAR HIV DNA BY TNF-ALPHA; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ACCUMULATION; LYMPHOCYTES; INTEGRATION; RETROVIRUS AB The low human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) expressing T-cell line, ACH-2, was used to investigate accumulation of the circular, extrachromosomal form of HIV DNA (HD) after tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induction. We chose the 2 long terminal repeat (LTR) circular form to analyze unintegrated HD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primer pairs which flank the 2 LTR HD. Approximately a 10-fold increase in 2 LTR HD was detected intracellularly in the TNF-alpha-induced ACH-2 cells using an end point-dilution assay. To examine the cellular compartment location of the 2 LTR HD accumulation, ACH-2 cells were fractionated into cytoplasmic and nuclear components and further subjected to PCR. A 4- to 5-fold increase in the 2 LTR HD signal was observed in the nuclear fraction. These results indicate that unintegrated HD increases in a chronically infected cell line after TNF-alpha induction. This phenomenon, which previously had been observed only with acute infections, may offer insight into basic pathogenic mechanisms. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KITAMURA, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90075-X PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA KQ627 UT WOS:A1993KQ62700002 PM 8460525 ER PT J AU VERNON, SD HART, CE REEVES, WC ICENOGLE, JP AF VERNON, SD HART, CE REEVES, WC ICENOGLE, JP TI THE HIV-1 TAT PROTEIN ENHANCES E2-DEPENDENT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-16 TRANSCRIPTION SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HPV INTERACTION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; REGULATORY REGION; TYPE-11 ENHANCER; TRANS-ACTIVATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; TRANSACTIVATION; PROMOTER; DNA; INFECTION AB Epidemiologic studies show an association between infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human papillomavirus (HPV) associated anogenital disease. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 modulation of HPV expression, we studied the effect of an HIV-1 regulatory protein, tat1, on gene expression directed by the upstream regulatory region (URR) of HPV type 16 (HPV 16). HPV 16 URR-directed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression driven by the native HPV 16 promoter (P97) was increased in the presence of tat1 alone. Tat1 also reversed E2-mediated repression of P97-directed CAT expression. E2 mediated CAT expression with URR constructs containing the SV40 promoter was enhanced when tat, and E2 were cotransfected. Using a cervical carcinoma cell line (SiHa), E2 enhancement of URR-directed gene expression was elevated in the presence of extracellular tat, or during cocultivation with HIV-1-infected cells. These results show HIV can modulate HPV gene expression in cell culture and that the increased rate of HPV-associated cervical disease in asymptomatic HIV-seropositive women may result from HPV-HIV molecular interactions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VERNON, SD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 49 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 27 IS 2 BP 133 EP 145 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90077-Z PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA KQ627 UT WOS:A1993KQ62700004 PM 8384765 ER PT J AU COBB, N ETZEL, RA HUDSON, R AF COBB, N ETZEL, RA HUDSON, R TI BLACK SPOTS ON THE SCALPS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN - A RECURRENT CONDITION IN THE WINDY WEST SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB During the past 10 years, epidemics of black spots on the scalps of schoolchildren have caused considerable concern in at least 4 communities in the Rocky Mountain states. We describe the clinical presentation of ''black spots'' in a group of Wyoming elementary school students and the epidemiologic investigation that revealed the cause. Our study included a questionnaire survey of students' parents, examination of students at the affected school and at two other schools, observation of playground activity patterns, and laboratory analysis of specimens taken from affected children and from the school environment. The black material in the scalp spots was chemically identical to flakes of black material found on the playground and tar from the school roof. We concluded that the spots were caused by flakes of windblown tar from the school roof. Previous outbreaks of black spots may have had a similar cause. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. WYOMING DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,PUBL HLTH LAB,CHEYENNE,WY. RP COBB, N (reprint author), INDIAN HLTH SERV,CANC PREVENT & CONTROL PROGRAM,HEADQUARTERS W,2401 12TH ST NW,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87102, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 158 IS 2 BP 139 EP 141 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KM088 UT WOS:A1993KM08800002 PM 8434463 ER PT J AU CALONGE, BN PETERSEN, LR MILLER, RS MARSHALL, G AF CALONGE, BN PETERSEN, LR MILLER, RS MARSHALL, G TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SEROPREVALENCE IN PRIMARY CARE PRACTICES IN THE UNITED-STATES SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-INFECTION; OCTOBER 1985; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE C1 AMBULATORY SENTINEL PRACTICE NETWORK INC,CTR STUDIES FAMILY MED,1180 CLERMONT ST,DENVER,CO 80220. COLORADO PERMANENTE MED GRP PC,DENVER,CO. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED & BIOMETR,DENVER,CO 80262. RI Marshall, Guillermo/F-2302-2011 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIFORNIA PHYSICIAN MAGAZINE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O DONNA TAYLOR, EDITOR, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102-7690 SN 0093-0415 J9 WESTERN J MED JI West. J. Med. PD FEB PY 1993 VL 158 IS 2 BP 148 EP 152 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KM088 UT WOS:A1993KM08800005 PM 8434466 ER PT J AU SUREAU, P HERZOG, M BOURHY, H CLOUP, M HUBERT, P COUDERS, S AF SUREAU, P HERZOG, M BOURHY, H CLOUP, M HUBERT, P COUDERS, S TI IMPORTED HUMAN RABIES - FRANCE, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 953-955, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SICK CHILDRENS HOSP,PEDIAT INTENS CARE UNIT,PARIS,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SUREAU, P (reprint author), PASTEUR INST,RABIES UNIT,PARIS,FRANCE. RI Bourhy, Herve/F-5272-2010 NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 27 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 4 BP 460 EP 461 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KH385 UT WOS:A1993KH38500007 ER PT J AU REMINGTON, J AF REMINGTON, J TI AVAILABILITY OF SULFADIAZINE - UNITED-STATES (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 950-951, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US FDA,CTR DRUG EVALUAT & RES,DIV ANTIVIRAL DRUG PROD,OFF GENER DRUGS,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP REMINGTON, J (reprint author), PALO ALTO MED FDN,RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94301, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 27 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 4 BP 461 EP 461 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KH385 UT WOS:A1993KH38500008 ER PT J AU LENNON, D GELLIN, B HOOD, D LEACH, DT WOODS, GM WILLIAMS, P THAKUR, S CROMBIE, D AF LENNON, D GELLIN, B HOOD, D LEACH, DT WOODS, GM WILLIAMS, P THAKUR, S CROMBIE, D TI CONTROL OF EPIDEMIC GROUP-A MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN AUCKLAND SO NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; NEW-ZEALAND; MENINGITIS; EFFICACY; FEATURES; AGE AB Aim. To study group A meningococcal vaccine delivery to infants less than 2 years of age in Auckland in 1987 to control epidemic disease. Methods. Mechanisms of vaccine delivery and its facilitation are described. A detailed audit of delivery of vaccine to children less than two years using signed consent forms determined delivery source. This was the age group at highest risk, and poorly covered by routine childhood vaccines. Primary health care source of children presenting with disease was determined by telephone. Results. The epidemic of group A meningococcal disease in the winters of 1985 and 1986 abated most likely due to the vaccination of high risk children (3 months - 13 years) in 1987. 90% of the target population were vaccinated. In south Auckland the majority (92%) of vaccine doses for children less than two years of age was delivered by the Plunket Society with Department of Health backing aided by community health workers. By contrast delivery by, general practitioners was greater in north-west and central Auckland (approximately 25%, of dose 1), especially after the publicity over possible side effects (approximately 50% of dose 2). Coverage for dose 1 of children <2 years was similar (89%) in south Auckland. Of children presenting with meningococcal disease 1 in 4 did not have an identifiable general practitioner. Conclusions. Vaccines to prevent serious paediatric illness are known to be highly cost effective. The best method of delivery of vaccinations may vary from area to area. Major community involvement including community health workers for the Maori and Pacific Island communities may have facilitated the dissemination of information in this campaign. C1 AUCKLAND SCH MED,DEPT PAEDIAT,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. CDC,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. AUCKLAND AREA HLTH BOARD,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. AUCKLAND SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. PLUNKET SOC,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,SASKATOON S7N 0W0,SASKATCHEWAN,CANADA. PLUNKET SOC,AUCKLAND,NEW ZEALAND. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW ZEALAND MED ASSN PI WELLINGTON PA PO BOX 156, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND SN 0028-8446 J9 NEW ZEAL MED J JI N. Z. Med. J. PD JAN 27 PY 1993 VL 106 IS 948 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KK096 UT WOS:A1993KK09600003 PM 8423925 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HH GILMAN, R MARTINEZ, M TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB HERRERA, G DIAZ, F ALVARADO, M MIRANDA, E AF GARCIA, HH GILMAN, R MARTINEZ, M TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB HERRERA, G DIAZ, F ALVARADO, M MIRANDA, E TI CYSTICERCOSIS AS A MAJOR CAUSE OF EPILEPSY IN PERU SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAY; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; ANTIGENS; ELISA AB In countries where cysticercosis is endemic, the proportion of epilepsy due to cysticercosis is not well documented. To investigate the association between cysticercosis and epilepsy, we used the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay to detect serum antibodies to Taenia solium in 498 consecutive outpatients at a neurology clinic in Lima, Peru. Every patient was classified as epileptic (n = 189) or non-epileptic (n = 309) after neurological, and where possible electroencephalographic, examination. A substantially higher proportion of epileptic than non-epileptic patients was seropositive in the EITB (22 [12%] vs 8 [3%], p<0.001). 19% of epileptic patients born outside Lima, 20% of those with late-onset epilepsy, and 29% of patients with both these characteristics were seropositive. Thus, in Peru, cysticercosis is an important aetiological factor for epilepsy. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,BLDG 23,MAIL STOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30341. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. INST NACL CIENCIAS NEUROL,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. FU Wellcome Trust [057434] NR 21 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 23 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8839 BP 197 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90064-N PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KJ219 UT WOS:A1993KJ21900003 PM 8093496 ER PT J AU MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B AF MOORE, J CAMPANA, J LAM, M SANDAUCHRISTOPHER, D SADLER, J SCALISE, D GAY, N STALVEY, R SCHROEDER, J PELTON, J BIEHR, BJ HARRIS, J STRUNK, N CHIOTTI, R OWENSNAUSLER, J GRENERT, B CHIODA, D COLE, D MEURER, K ABELSON, G SHEFFIELD, A RUZICKA, P BALSLEY, C SUTTER, M CHERNECO, MD FRASER, J CARR, M WORD, E SIMPSON, P LACY, L TYE, S NEHLSLOWE, B ANDERSON, B TI SELECTED BEHAVIORS THAT INCREASE RISK FOR HIV-INFECTION, OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES, AND UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AMONG HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS - UNITED-STATES, 1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 945-950, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 SAN DIEGO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN DIEGO,CA. SAN FRANCISCO UNIFIED SCH DIST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DIST COLUMBIA PUBL SCH,WASHINGTON,DC. CHICAGO PUBL SCH,CHICAGO,IL. BOSTON PUBL SCH SYST,BOSTON,MA. NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE DEPT EDUC,CONCORD,NH 03301. JERSEY CITY BOARD EDUC,JERSEY CITY,NJ. NEW MEXICO STATE DEPT EDUC,SANTA FE,NM 87501. NEW YORK CITY BOARD EDUC,NEW YORK,NY. NEW YORK STATE DEPT EDUC,ALBANY,NY 12224. SCH DIST PHILADELPHIA,PHILADELPHIA,PA. DALLAS INDEPENDENT SCH DIST,DALLAS,TX. UTAH STATE OFF EDUC,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84111. WISCONSIN DEPT PUBL INSTRUCT,MADISON,WI 53707. NIDA,LEXINGTON,KY 40583. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOORE, J (reprint author), ALABAMA STATE DEPT EDUC,MONTGOMERY,AL 36130, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 20 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 3 BP 329 EP 330 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KG381 UT WOS:A1993KG38100007 ER PT J AU DEPERSIO, SR CHEN, W BLOSE, D LORENZ, R THOMAS, W ZENKER, PN AF DEPERSIO, SR CHEN, W BLOSE, D LORENZ, R THOMAS, W ZENKER, PN TI UNINTENDED CHILDBEARING - PREGNANCY RISK ASSESSMENT MONITORING-SYSTEM - OKLAHOMA (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 933-936, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DEPERSIO, SR (reprint author), OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK 73117, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 20 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 3 BP 333 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KG381 UT WOS:A1993KG38100010 ER PT J AU BREIMAN, RF DAVIS, JP FACKLAM, RR GRAY, BM HOGE, CW KAPLAN, EL MORTIMER, EA SCHLIEVERT, PM SCHWARTZ, B STEVENS, DL TODD, JK AF BREIMAN, RF DAVIS, JP FACKLAM, RR GRAY, BM HOGE, CW KAPLAN, EL MORTIMER, EA SCHLIEVERT, PM SCHWARTZ, B STEVENS, DL TODD, JK TI DEFINING THE GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCAL TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME - RATIONALE AND CONSENSUS DEFINITION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SCARLET FEVER; PYOGENES; SEPTICEMIA; INFECTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,RESP DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C-09,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,BUR PUBL HLTH,MADISON,WI. UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. BOISE VET ADM HOSP,DEPT MED,BOISE,ID. UNIV COLORADO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DENVER,CO 80202. NR 12 TC 385 Z9 390 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 20 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 3 BP 390 EP 391 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KG381 UT WOS:A1993KG38100032 ER PT J AU WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, G REINGOLD, AL POLISH, LB AF WEINSTOCK, HS BOLAN, G REINGOLD, AL POLISH, LB TI HEPATITIS-C VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING A CLINIC FOR SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Note ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A-HEPATITIS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; ANTIBODIES; RISK; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; HIV AB Objective.-To evaluate the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and sexual behavior in a sexually active population. Design.-Cross-sectional study. Setting.-Inner-city clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Subjects.-The study included 1292 patients attending the clinic for care during a 1-month period and having syphilis serologic tests performed. Outcome Measures.-Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) positivity as defined by a repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassay and a positive neutralization enzyme immunoassay (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, III). Results.-Of 1292 patients screened for anti-HCV, 99 (7.7%) were positive. Logistic regression analysis found that patients who reported intravenous drug use, were positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, reported a history of a blood transfusion, were black, or reported crack cocaine use were more likely to be anti-HCV-positive. Forty-five percent of patients who were anti-HCV-positive reported intravenous drug use. Sex with an intravenous drug user and a history of gonorrhea and syphilis were associated with anti-HCV positivity in a univariate analysis, but after controlling for confounding variables, no such associations remained. While having multiple sexual partners in the previous 3 months, being homosexual or bisexual, and engaging in receptive anal intercourse were associated with being positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, those behaviors were not associated with anti-HCV positivity. Conclusions.-While these results cannot exclude a role for the sexual transmission of HCV, they do suggest that, in this sexually active population, the sexual transmission of HCV occurs infrequently and that HCV is largely associated with intravenous drug use. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. FU PHS HHS [H-25CCH904371-01-2] NR 18 TC 103 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 20 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 3 BP 392 EP 394 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KG381 UT WOS:A1993KG38100033 PM 8418348 ER PT J AU TROISI, CL HOLLINGER, FB HOOTS, WK CONTANT, C GILL, J RAGNI, M PARMLEY, R SEXAUER, C GOMPERTS, E BUCHANAN, G SCHWARTZ, B ADAIR, S FIELDS, H AF TROISI, CL HOLLINGER, FB HOOTS, WK CONTANT, C GILL, J RAGNI, M PARMLEY, R SEXAUER, C GOMPERTS, E BUCHANAN, G SCHWARTZ, B ADAIR, S FIELDS, H TI A MULTICENTER STUDY OF VIRAL-HEPATITIS IN A UNITED-STATES HEMOPHILIC POPULATION SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; C VIRUS HCV; DELTA-INFECTION; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; ANTIGEN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; CARRIERS; IGM C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030. GREAT LAKES HEMOPHILIA FDN,MILWAUKEE,WI. OKLAHOMA HEMOPHILIA CTR,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77225. HEMOPHILIA CTR WESTERN PENN,PITTSBURGH,PA. UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78284. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV TEXAS,SW MED CTR,DALLAS,TX 75230. NE WISCONSIN HEMOPHILIA CTR,GREEN BAY,WI. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL37951] NR 45 TC 126 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 81 IS 2 BP 412 EP 418 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA KH512 UT WOS:A1993KH51200019 PM 7678517 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST ROBERTS, BD FOLKS, TM TI REGULATION OF HIV-1 EXPRESSION BY CYTOKINE NETWORKS IN A CD4+ MODEL OF CHRONIC INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELL CLONE; FACTOR-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; TNF RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN-6; STIMULATION; REPLICATION AB Using the CD4+ model of chronic HIV-1 infection, OM-10.1, we investigated the influence of TNF-alpha regulatory networks on induced viral expression. Previously, OM-10.1 cultures were characterized to respond to exogenous TNF-alpha, as nearly 100% of the cells were activated to express HIV-1 within 24 h. In this study, OM-10.1 cells were pulse-treated, by applying exogenous factors for short periods of time and then washing, to determine if autocrine TNF-alpha could sustain HIV-1 activation in the absence of additional exogenous stimulation. After a TNF-alpha pulse treatment, the progressive increase of HIV-1 expressing OM-10.1 cells was prevented by the continuous presence of anti-TNF-alpha mAb. The inductive activity of supernatant from TNF-alpha pulse-treated OM-10.1 cultures was completely removed by absorption on immobilized anti-TNF-alpha mAb. In addition, TNF-alpha pulse-treated OM-10.1 cells activated HIV-1 expression in untreated OM-1 0.1 cells when cultured across a permeable membrane indicating paracrine effects. Interestingly, if TNF-alpha pulse-treated OM-10.1 cells were further pulse-treated with anti-TNF-alpha mAb, a marked reduction in autocrine TNF-alpha was observed although the level of newly synthesized TNF-alpha mRNA remained unaffected. A similar degree-of inhibition over autocrine TNF-alpha production was observed when soluble TNF receptors were used as the second pulse treatment in these experiments. Although the applicability of these results to in vivo chronically HIV-1-infected cells remains to be realized, these results do indicate that activated HIV-1 expression can be influenced by self-perpetuating mechanisms during periods of limited exogenous stimulation. Furthermore, physiologic mechanisms involving soluble cytokine receptors that counteract autocrine and paracrine activation of HIV-1 expression are shown here to play a regulatory role. RP BUTERA, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 15 PY 1993 VL 150 IS 2 BP 625 EP 634 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA KG469 UT WOS:A1993KG46900034 PM 8380428 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, F SINGH, S SMALL, PM CASHMAN, D CAMPBELL, R KHOURY, N COULTER, S ROYCE, S ROBERTO, R RUTHERFORD, GW AF SCHWARTZ, F SINGH, S SMALL, PM CASHMAN, D CAMPBELL, R KHOURY, N COULTER, S ROYCE, S ROBERTO, R RUTHERFORD, GW TI TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION IN A STATE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION - CALIFORNIA, 1990-1991 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 927-929, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,STANFORD,CA. CALIF DEPT CORRECT,SACRAMENTO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHWARTZ, F (reprint author), MARIN CTY HLTH DEPT,SAN RAFAEL,CA, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 13 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 2 BP 200 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KF405 UT WOS:A1993KF40500006 ER PT J AU ADAMS, WG DEAVER, KA COCHI, SL PLIKAYTIS, BD ZELL, ER BROOME, CV WENGER, JD AF ADAMS, WG DEAVER, KA COCHI, SL PLIKAYTIS, BD ZELL, ER BROOME, CV WENGER, JD TI DECLINE OF CHILDHOOD HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B (HIB) DISEASE IN THE HIB VACCINE ERA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES CHILDREN; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; EFFICACY; SURVEILLANCE; AGE AB Objective.-Effective Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines were first licensed for use in US children at least 18 months old in December 1987 and for infants at least 2 months old in October 1990. We evaluated trends in Hib disease associated with licensure of Hib conjugate vaccines. Design.-Data from two sources, an intensive laboratory-based active surveillance system and the National Bacterial Meningitis Reporting System (NBMRS), were used separately to evaluate disease incidence. Data from vaccine manufacturers on Hib vaccine doses distributed in the United States were compared with trends in Hib disease incidence. Results.-The age-specific incidence of Hib disease among children less than 5 years old decreased by 71 % from 37 per 100 000 persons in 1989 to 11 per 100 000 persons in 1991 (active surveillance data). Haemophilus influenzae meningitis incidence decreased by 82% between 1985 and 1991 (NBMRS data). Increases in doses of Hib vaccine distributed in the United States coincided with steep declines in Hib disease. Both surveillance systems showed decreased rates of Hib disease in infants less than 1 year old before vaccine was licensed for use in this age group. Haemophilus influenzae type b disease incidence in persons at least 12 years old and pneumococcal meningitis incidence in children less than 5 years old did not change substantially during the same period; therefore, decreased Hib disease in children less than 5 years old is not likely to be explained solely by changes in surveillance sensitivity or decreases in bacterial disease due to changes in medical practice. Conclusion.-Our data suggest that conjugate vaccines have already had a marked impact on the incidence of Hib disease in the United States, preventing an estimated 10000 to 16000 cases of Hib disease in 1991. The decline of disease in infants less than 1 year old before licensure for this age group warrants further investigation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT DIS,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. RP ADAMS, WG (reprint author), NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 492 Z9 500 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 13 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 2 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1001/jama.269.2.221 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KF405 UT WOS:A1993KF40500027 PM 8417239 ER PT J AU BOSSE, D MCFARLANE, K GEORGE, V CHEN, L ADES, EW AF BOSSE, D MCFARLANE, K GEORGE, V CHEN, L ADES, EW TI METASTATIC POTENTIAL VIA CELL-ADHESION USING A HUMAN MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL-CELL LINE - HMEC-1 SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD JAN 9 PY 1993 SU 17A BP 347 EP 347 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA KN464 UT WOS:A1993KN46401292 ER PT J AU MURPHY, GS BASRI, H PURNOMO ANDERSEN, EM BANGS, MJ MOUNT, DL GORDEN, J LAL, AA PURWOKUSUMO, AR HARJOSUWARNO, S SORENSEN, K HOFFMAN, SL AF MURPHY, GS BASRI, H PURNOMO ANDERSEN, EM BANGS, MJ MOUNT, DL GORDEN, J LAL, AA PURWOKUSUMO, AR HARJOSUWARNO, S SORENSEN, K HOFFMAN, SL TI VIVAX MALARIA RESISTANT TO TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS WITH CHLOROQUINE SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID FINGER-STICK BLOOD; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; WHOLE-BLOOD; DESETHYLCHLOROQUINE; PYRIMETHAMINE; FALCIPARUM; INDONESIA; SAMPLES; PLASMA; SERUM AB Chloroquine has been the treatment of choice for vivax malaria for more than 40 years. Lately, several case-reports have suggested the emergence of resistance to chloroquine in Plasmodium vivax in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. We undertook prospective treatment and prophylaxis trials of chloroquine in children and adults with vivax malaria living in Irian Jaya (Indonesian New Guinea). 46 villagers with P vivax parasitaemia were treated with chloroquine by mouth (25 mg base/kg body weight divided over 3 days) and followed up for 14 days. Parasitaemia cleared initially but recurred within 14 days in 10 (22%) subjects. All recurrences were in children younger than 11 years, 7 of whom were younger than 4 years; the failure rate among children under 4 was 70%. 7 of the patients with recurrences were given a second course of chloroquine. In all, the infections initially cleared but recurrent parasitaemia developed in 5 (71%) within 14 days. Whole-blood chloroquine concentrations were consistently above those previously shown to cure P vivax blood infections (90 mug/L whole blood). Subjects whose initial infections cleared and who had no parasitaemia on day 14 received weekly prophylaxis with chloroquine. Despite the presence of expected blood chloroquine concentrations, P vivax parasitaemia developed in 9 of 17 subjects receiving prophylaxis during 8 weeks of follow-up (median time to parasitaemia 5.3 weeks). Chloroquine can no longer be relied upon for effective treatment or chemoprophylaxis of P vivax blood infections acquired in this part of New Guinea. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. MINIST HLTH REPUBL INDONESIA,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 29 TC 158 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 9 PY 1993 VL 341 IS 8837 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92568-E PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KF870 UT WOS:A1993KF87000015 PM 8093414 ER PT J AU VANWIJNGAARDEN, JK VANLOON, AM OOSTVOGEL, P MULDERS, MN BUITENWERF, J ENGELHARD, CF AF VANWIJNGAARDEN, JK VANLOON, AM OOSTVOGEL, P MULDERS, MN BUITENWERF, J ENGELHARD, CF TI POLIOMYELITIS OUTBREAK - NETHERLANDS, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41, PG 917-919, 1992) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 MUNICIPAL HLTH SERV,DEPT INFECT DIS,VIROL LAB,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. WHO,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,VIROL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VANWIJNGAARDEN, JK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV INFECT DIS,OFF CHIEF MED OFFICER HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 6 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 1 BP 24 EP & PG 0 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KF026 UT WOS:A1993KF02600006 ER PT J AU HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG AF HANZLICK, R PARRISH, RG TI THE FAILURE OF DEATH CERTIFICATES TO RECORD THE PERFORMANCE OF AUTOPSIES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA. RP HANZLICK, R (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 6 PY 1993 VL 269 IS 1 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KF026 UT WOS:A1993KF02600019 PM 8416401 ER PT J AU GUNN, WJ CONNELL, DB RANDALL, B AF GUNN, WJ CONNELL, DB RANDALL, B TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME - THE CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL STUDY SO CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID WORKING CASE DEFINITION; AUSTRALIAN POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB The US Centers for Disease Control initiated physician-based chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) surveillance systems in four cities in September 1989 to determine the prevalence, incidence, course and impact of the illness. The participating physicians have referred to our surveillance system 590 patients who were ill during the first two years of surveillance with severe, debilitating, unexplained fatigue for at least the preceding six months. Referred patients were screened for psychiatric disorders preceding, concurrent with, and subsequent to the onset of their fatigue by specially trained nurses using a modified Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Complete health histories were obtained by interview and review of medical records and a basic panel of standard laboratory diagnostic tests were conducted. Four physicians have independently reviewed the health information of 337 of the patients for classification. Approximately 26% of patients referred to the surveillance system met the CFS case definition in all regards, 14% lacked one or more of the required eight symptom criteria, 15% were judged to have another possible or known medical illness which could account for the severe fatigue, and the remaining 45% did not meet the case definition because of histories of psychiatric disorders preceding the onset of fatigue. Minimum prevalence rates for the period 1 September 1989 to 1 September 1991 ranged from 2.0 to 7.3 per 100 000 of the general population across the four study sites and rates based on prorated data ranged from 4.6 to 11.3 per 100 000. More than 80% of the CFS cases were female, most were white, and their average age at onset was approximately 30 years. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. ABT ASSOCIATES INC, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5208 J9 CIBA F SYMP JI CIBA Found. Symp. PY 1993 VL 173 BP 83 EP 101 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL866 UT WOS:A1993KL86600006 ER PT J AU FOLKS, TM HENEINE, W KHAN, A WOODS, T CHAPMAN, L SCHONBERGER, L AF FOLKS, TM HENEINE, W KHAN, A WOODS, T CHAPMAN, L SCHONBERGER, L TI INVESTIGATION OF RETROVIRAL INVOLVEMENT IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME SO CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME; VIRUS TYPE-II; HTLV-I AB Within the last few years significant efforts have been made to identify objective reliable diagnostic markers from individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). We report the absence of a previously described retroviral marker (HTLV-II gag) in a blinded study of CFS cases. Even with excellent reproducible sensitivities, this marker failed in repeated attempts to distinguish cases from controls. In addition, four other retroviruses (simian T cell leukaemia virus, human spumavirus, bovine leukaemia virus and simian retrovirus) were examined for their presence in these CFS cases and found to be absent. Our findings suggest that these agents, at least as markers, are non-distinguishing for CFS and that other factors may be confounding the resolution of an aetiology to this syndrome. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, EPIDEMIOL ACT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5208 J9 CIBA F SYMP JI CIBA Found. Symp. PY 1993 VL 173 BP 160 EP 175 PG 16 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KL866 UT WOS:A1993KL86600010 ER PT J AU MALILAY, J QUENEMOEN, L AF MALILAY, J QUENEMOEN, L BE Sullivan, JD TI APPLYING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEM TO DISASTER EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH - HURRICANE-ANDREW, FLORIDA, 1992 SO 1993 INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE: TENTH ANNIVERSARY: RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1993 Simulation Multiconference on the International Emergency Management and Engineering Conference CY MAR 29-APR 01, 1993 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP SOC COMP SIMULAT, NATL INST URBAN SEARCH & RESCUE, IEEE, SYST MAN & CYBERNET SOC, AMER ENGINEERS DISASTER RELIEF, NATL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ASSOC, MARYLAND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGCY, NATL COORDINATING COUNCIL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, STATE & LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGERS DATA USERS GRP, COMMONWEALTH VIRGINIA DEPT EMERGENCY SERV C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION INT PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 PY 1993 BP 197 EP 201 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA38E UT WOS:A1993BA38E00032 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML GP WORLD CONF ON INJURY CONTROL TI Injury control works: There are no more excuses SO 2ND WORLD CONFERENCE ON INJURY CONTROL, 1993 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE PLENARY SESSIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Conference on Injury Control CY MAY 20-23, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Assoc Adv Automot Med, Assoc Adv Injury Control, Natl Council Disabil, US Dept Transportat, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, WHO, Pan Amer Hlth Org, US Consumer Prod Safety Commiss, US Dept HHS, Agcy Hlth Care Policy & Res, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Indian Hlth Serv, NIH, HICHHD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC ADVANCEMENT AUTOMOTIVE MEDICINE PI DES PLAINES PA 2340 DES PLAINES AVE, STE 106, DES PLAINES, IL 60018 PY 1993 BP 213 EP 215 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BD85Q UT WOS:A1993BD85Q00048 ER PT J AU DAVIS, LE BROWN, JE ROBERTSON, BH KHANNA, B POLISH, LB AF DAVIS, LE BROWN, JE ROBERTSON, BH KHANNA, B POLISH, LB TI HEPATITIS-A POSTVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS SO ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE ENCEPHALITIS; HEPATITIS-A; HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; POSTVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AB We report a seven-year-old girl who developed a hepatitis A viral infection and encephalitis. The patient developed fever, abdominal pains and jaundice. Five days later she became delirious, combative, and did not respond to verbal commands. Laboratory studies showed elevated liver enzymes and elevated serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to hepatitis A virus. Cerebrospinal fluid contained IgG antibodies to hepatitis A virus but not IgM antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction, which amplifies a portion of the hepatitis A virus genome, did not demonstrate viral nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid. These studies suggest that the patient may have suffered from a post-viral hepatitis A encephalitis from which she fully recovered. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROL,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. UNIV NEW MEXICO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP DAVIS, LE (reprint author), ALBUQUERQUE VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,NEUROL SERV,2100 RIDGECREST DR SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87108, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6314 J9 ACTA NEUROL SCAND JI Acta Neurol. Scand. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 87 IS 1 BP 67 EP 69 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA KH391 UT WOS:A1993KH39100013 PM 8424315 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE AF SNIDER, DE TI RECOGNITION AND ELIMINATION OF TUBERCULOSIS SO ADVANCES IN INTERNAL MEDICINE, VOLUME 38 SE ADVANCES IN INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; OPPORTUNITIES; ACIDS RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146 SN 0065-2822 J9 ADV INTERNAL MED JI Adv.Intern.Med. PY 1993 VL 38 SI 19 BP 169 EP 187 PG 19 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA BZ78L UT WOS:A1993BZ78L00008 PM 8438636 ER PT J AU LAGA, M MANOKA, A KIVUVU, M MALELE, B TULIZA, M NZILA, N GOEMAN, J BEHETS, F BATTER, V ALARY, M HEYWARD, WL RYDER, RW PIOT, P AF LAGA, M MANOKA, A KIVUVU, M MALELE, B TULIZA, M NZILA, N GOEMAN, J BEHETS, F BATTER, V ALARY, M HEYWARD, WL RYDER, RW PIOT, P TI NON-ULCERATIVE SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AS RISK-FACTORS FOR HIV-1 TRANSMISSION IN WOMEN - RESULTS FROM A COHORT STUDY SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; COFACTORS; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; GONORRHEA; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; TRICHOMONIASIS ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; GENITAL-TRACT; INFECTION; FEMALE; PROSTITUTES; AFRICA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objectives: The heterosexual spread of HIV-1 is occurring at different rates in different parts of the world. The transmission probability of HIV-1 per sexual contact is low, but may be greatly enhanced by several cofactors. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD), especially genital ulcers, may be such factors. So far, epidemiological evidence that other STD facilitate HIV-1 transmission is weak. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatable STD enhanced sexual transmission of HIV-1 in a cohort of female prostitutes in Kinshasa, Zaire. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 431 initially HIV-1-negative women followed prospectively for a mean duration of 2 years (with monthly STD check-ups and 3-monthly HIV-1 serology). Cases (seroconverters, n = 68) were compared with controls (women who remained HIV-1-negative, n = 126) for incidence of STD and sexual exposure during the presumed period of HIV-1 acquisition. Results: The annual incidence of HIV-1 in this cohort was 9.8%. Seroconverters were younger than HIV-1-negative women (mean age, 24.6 versus 26.8 years; P = 0.04). During the period of HIV-1 acquisition, cases had a much higher incidence of gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis, and engaged in unprotected sex with clients and partners more frequently than controls. After controlling for sexual exposure by multivariate analysis, adjusted odds ratios for seroconversion were 4.8 [95% confidence interval (Cl), 2.4-9.8] for gonorrhoea, 3.6 (95% Cl, 1.4-9.1) for chlamydial infection and 1.9 (95% Cl, 0.9-4.1) for trichomoniasis. Genital ulcers were more frequent in cases than controls, but much less common than other STD. Conclusion: Non-ulcerative STD were risk factors for sexual transmission of HIV-1 in women, after controlling for sexual exposure. Because of their high prevalence in some populations, non-ulcerative STD may represent a considerable population-attributable risk in the transmission of HIV-1 worldwide. The identification of treatable STD as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission offers an important additional strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED PRINCE LEOPOLD,WHO COLLABORATING CTR AIDS,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. NR 35 TC 855 Z9 881 U1 1 U2 16 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN PY 1993 VL 7 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1097/00002030-199301000-00015 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA KG970 UT WOS:A1993KG97000015 PM 8442924 ER PT J AU BUEHLER, JW DECOCK, KM BRUNET, JB AF BUEHLER, JW DECOCK, KM BRUNET, JB TI SURVEILLANCE DEFINITIONS FOR AIDS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE SURVEILLANCE; CASE DEFINITIONS; PUBLIC HEALTH ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; IVORY-COAST; UNITED-STATES; ABIDJAN; INFECTION; AFRICA; WOMEN; HIV-1; MEN C1 EUROPEAN CTR EPIDEMIOL MONITORING AIDS,PARIS,FRANCE. PROJET RETRO CL,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP BUEHLER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G-29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 1993 VL 7 SU 1 BP S73 EP S81 DI 10.1097/00002030-199301001-00010 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LE916 UT WOS:A1993LE91600010 PM 8363806 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR POZNIAK, A AF HORSBURGH, CR POZNIAK, A TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE ERA OF HIV SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE TUBERCULOSIS; AIDS; HIV INFECTION; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INFECTION; POPULATION; FEATURES; ZAMBIA; IMPACT; AFRICA; ZAIRE; RISK C1 KINGS HEALTHCARE,DEPT GENITOURINARY MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 78 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 1993 VL 7 SU 1 BP S109 EP S114 DI 10.1097/00002030-199301001-00014 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LE916 UT WOS:A1993LE91600014 PM 8363775 ER PT J AU JAFFE, HW COUTINHO, RA AF JAFFE, HW COUTINHO, RA TI EPIDEMIOLOGY - OVERVIEW SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 MUNICIPAL HLTH SERV,DEPT PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM,AMSTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP JAFFE, HW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HIV AIDS G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 1993 VL 7 SU 1 BP S63 EP S65 DI 10.1097/00002030-199301001-00008 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LE916 UT WOS:A1993LE91600008 PM 8363804 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR SIMONDS, RJ KOISTINEN, J AF PETERSEN, LR SIMONDS, RJ KOISTINEN, J TI HIV TRANSMISSION THROUGH BLOOD, TISSUES, AND ORGANS SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV; BLOOD TRANSFUSION; TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION; ORGAN DONATION; BLOOD DONATION; BLOOD SAFETY; HIV TRANSMISSION ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; KIDNEY-TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; COMMERCIAL PLASMA DONORS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SCREENED BLOOD; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIORAL-CHARACTERISTICS; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; TYPE-1 INFECTION C1 WHO, HLTH LAB TECHNOL & BLOOD SAFETY, GLOBAL BLOOD SAFETY INITIAT, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS E46, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 110 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA SN 0269-9370 EI 1473-5571 J9 AIDS JI Aids PY 1993 VL 7 SU 1 BP S99 EP S107 DI 10.1097/00002030-199301001-00013 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA LE916 UT WOS:A1993LE91600013 PM 8363809 ER PT J AU NWANYANWU, OC CHU, SY GREEN, TA BUEHLER, JW BERKELMAN, RL AF NWANYANWU, OC CHU, SY GREEN, TA BUEHLER, JW BERKELMAN, RL TI ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME IN THE UNITED-STATES ASSOCIATED WITH INJECTING DRUG-USE, 1981-1991 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SAN-FRANCISCO; VIRUS-INFECTION; HIV-1 INFECTION; COCAINE USE; AIDS; RISK AB As of June 30, 1991, 182,834 AIDS cases in the United States had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control, of which 58,879 (32.2%) were associated with illicit drug use. Of these, 39,904 (70.0%) were in both women and heterosexual men reported as injecting drug users (IDUs), 11,823 (20.7 %) in men who have sex with men who are also IDUs, 5,305 (9.3%) in sex partners of IDUs, and 1,847 (3.1%) in children whose mothers were either IDUs or sex partners of IDUs. From 1989 to 1990, the increase in the number of United States AIDS cases associated with IDU either directly or indirectly was higher in all regions compared with the Northeast. The highest percentage increases were in the South, U.S. territories, and the North Central. From 1989 to 1990, the percentage of AIDS cases attributed directly to IDU increased in women and men (15.3 and 5.9%, respectively); however, the increase in sex partners of IDUs was much larger (34.5% in men and 29.1% in women). Increases were also higher in sex partners of IDUs than in IDUs when compared by race/ethnicity and by region of residence. Because HIV can spread rapidly among IDUs and their sex partners, there is an immediate need for targeting effective HIV prevention messages to all IDUs and their sex partners in communities with high HIV infection rates. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0095-2990 J9 AM J DRUG ALCOHOL AB JI Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse PY 1993 VL 19 IS 4 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.3109/00952999309001630 PG 10 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA MD564 UT WOS:A1993MD56400001 PM 8273762 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF KAHN, HS WORTHMAN, CM BURNETTE, JC RUSSELL, CM AF WILLIAMSON, DF KAHN, HS WORTHMAN, CM BURNETTE, JC RUSSELL, CM TI PRECISION OF RECUMBENT ANTHROPOMETRY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY; HEALTH AB In some studies recumbent anthropometric measures are more appropriate than standing measures. There is little published information, however, on the precision of recumbent measures. To estimate the interobserver precision of recumbent anthropometry, 22 men and 29 women volunteers 35-64 years of age were each measured on the same day by four trained nurses previously inexperienced in anthropometry. Fourteen recumbent measurements were taken, including abdominal sagittal diameter measured with a new type of caliper. The nurses also measured standing waist and hip girths. Various indicators of interobserver precision were estimated including the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The ICC ranged from 98.5% for calf girth to 56.2% for the suprailiac skinfold in men, while it ranged from 95.8% for upper arm girth to 67.0% for the suprailiac skinfold in women. The abdominal sagittal diameter measurement had very high precision as estimated by the ICC in both men and women, 95.8% and 96.3% respectively. Recumbent waist girth was, on average, only 0.3 cm larger than standing girth. In contrast, recumbent hip girth was 3.8 cm smaller than standing girth. These findings suggest that studies using recumbent anthropometry can achieve levels of precision similar to those obtained with standing anthropometry. For both sexes, however, the suprailiac skinfold appears to have much lower precision in the recumbent than in the standing position. In addition, prevalence estimates of abdominal obesity derived from the ratio of waist-to-hip girths will be higher in studies using recumbent anthropometry than in studies using standing anthropometry. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY & PREVENT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1993 VL 5 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1002/ajhb.1310050205 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA KV366 UT WOS:A1993KV36600002 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA CONNALLY, LB AF SCHULTE, PA CONNALLY, LB TI WORKSHOP ON THE METHODOLOGY OF WORKER NOTIFICATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230102 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KE654 UT WOS:A1993KE65400001 ER PT J AU SCHULTE, PA BOAL, WL FRIEDLAND, JM WALKER, JT CONNALLY, LB MAZZUCKELLI, LF FINE, LJ AF SCHULTE, PA BOAL, WL FRIEDLAND, JM WALKER, JT CONNALLY, LB MAZZUCKELLI, LF FINE, LJ TI METHODOLOGIC ISSUES IN RISK COMMUNICATIONS TO WORKERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE METHODOLOGY OF WORKER NOTIFICATION CY AUG 01-02, 1991 CL VAIL, CO SP NIOSH DE RISK COMMUNICATION; WORKER NOTIFICATION; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; ETHICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY ID BLADDER-CANCER; NOTIFICATION; HEALTH; COHORT AB Until the late 1980s, epidemiologists in general did not individually notify subjects of the results of epidemiological studies. Now that they are beginning to do so, the question arises of how best to notify those involved. In general, the methods, the processes and the policies related to effectively communicating risks to workers have not been thoroughly examined in the scientific literature. This is especially true in situations where workers have already experienced the exposures that led to increased risks for disease. The recent increasing numbers of notifications have raised several methodologic issues, which are examined in terms of: (1) the content of notification, (2) the process of notification, and (3) the evaluation of the impact and effectiveness of notification. Too often in the discussions concerning notification, attention is paid to the content but the process and evaluation are rarely considered. The potential impact and effectiveness of notification have been raised as reasons for or against notification, but rarely has there been a concerted effort to evaluate a notification in this regard. This workshop was designed to address all these issues. The ultimate goal is to improve communications for workers. RP SCHULTE, PA (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,MAILSTOP R-42,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230103 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KE654 UT WOS:A1993KE65400002 PM 8422056 ER PT J AU MAZZUCKELLI, LF SCHULTE, PA AF MAZZUCKELLI, LF SCHULTE, PA TI NOTIFICATION OF WORKERS ABOUT AN EXCESS OF MALIGNANT-MELANOMA - A CASE-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON THE METHODOLOGY OF WORKER NOTIFICATION CY AUG 01-02, 1991 CL VAIL, CO SP NIOSH DE POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCBS); ELECTRICAL-COMPONENT-MANUFACTURE; CANCER; MELANOMA; WORKER NOTIFICATION; RISK COMMUNICATION ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; EXPOSURE AB In January 1991, NIOSH completed a retrospective cohort mortality study of 3,588 Westinghouse Electric Corporation workers who had been engaged in the manufacture of electrical capacitors. The study evolved from a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation, which was conducted at the request of the Indiana State Board of Health because of its concern about PCB exposures among the Westinghouse workers. Life table analysis revealed a fourfold excess of deaths due to malignant melanoma. Though the workers were principally exposed to PCBs, the available exposure data did not lend itself to constructing an exposure-response curve that could relate PCB exposure to development of malignant melanomas. This was further complicated hy the lack of substantial corroboration from other studies of PCB-exposed cohorts. Because of the magnitude of the malignant melanoma excess and the fact that malignant melanoma is probably more amenable to treatment and remediation than most other cancers, NIOSH determined that notification of the individual cohort members was a prudent and necessary public health action. This article describes the notification process from the time the decision to notify was made through the postnotification period. It details the interaction between NIOSH, the former and current plant owners, the two labor organizations that represented the workers at the plant, and the recipients of the notification materials. Scientific and other issues surrounding this notification effort are also discussed. A number of lessons were learned about the notification process; these are described for the benefit of others who conduct notifications. C1 NIOSH,INDUSTRYWIDE STUDIES BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP MAZZUCKELLI, LF (reprint author), NIOSH,HAZARD EVALUAT & TECH ASSISTANCE BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 23 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700230113 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KE654 UT WOS:A1993KE65400012 PM 8422064 ER PT J AU WHARTON, M PRICE, W HOESLY, F WOOLARD, D WHITE, K GREENE, C MCNABB, S AF WHARTON, M PRICE, W HOESLY, F WOOLARD, D WHITE, K GREENE, C MCNABB, S TI EVALUATION OF A METHOD FOR DETECTING OUTBREAKS OF DISEASES IN 6 STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A new statistical method, developed for detection of changes in reporting, has proved useful in analysis of provisional data reported by state health departments to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In this system, data from the current four-week period can be compared with data from the previous, same, and subsequent four-week periods from each of the preceding five years, and reports exceeding historical limits are highlighted in a horizontal bar graph. To evaluate the usefulness of this method at the state level, we applied it to weekly reports of seven notifiable diseases in six states over a four-month period. Participating state health departments investigated all events exceeding historical limits and reported known outbreaks that were not identified by the method. During the four-month period, the method identified 27 episodes of disease reports exceeding historical limits. Of these, 14 (52%) represented outbreaks. None was detectable by analysis of aggregate national surveillance data. Five outbreaks known to state health department officials were not identified by the method, because of increased disease activity during the baseline period or lack of timely provisional reporting of outbreak-related cases. Methods for detection of increases in reporting at the state level may identify events of public health importance that are obscured in aggregate national data and may supplement other local sources of information available to state health departments in the recognition of significant public health events. RP WHARTON, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,MAILSTOP C-08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 9 IS 1 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA KL852 UT WOS:A1993KL85200009 PM 8439438 ER PT J AU SLUTSKER, L SMITH, R HIGGINSON, G FLEMING, D AF SLUTSKER, L SMITH, R HIGGINSON, G FLEMING, D TI RECOGNIZING ILLICIT DRUG-USE BY PREGNANT-WOMEN - REPORTS FROM OREGON BIRTH ATTENDANTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COCAINE USE; FETAL GROWTH; MARIJUANA; INFANTS; MOTHERS AB Objectives. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of recognized prenatal illicit substance abuse and the characteristics of women being identified as illicit drug users in a statewide population-based cohort. Methods. During a 1-month period, birth attendants of all singleton births in Oregon (n = 3200) were surveyed regarding their knowledge of prenatal illicit drug use by women who gave birth. Birth certificates were linked to surveys after removal of personal identifiers. Results. Illicit drug use was recognized in 5.2% of delivering women. Nearly half had used cocaine, methamphetamine, or heroin. Recognized users were significantly more likely than nonusers to be unwed and to have used tobacco or alcohol, have received inadequate prenatal care, and have public assistance as a source of payment. Drug use was recognized twice as frequently by practitioners who routinely questioned their patients about it compared with those who relied on clinical judgment or the occurrence of complications during pregnancy. Birth certificate reporting identified only 41% of recognized users. Conclusions. Oregon practitioners are identifying seven times as many drug-using women as can be accommodated by available treatment programs for this population. Increased efforts are needed to ensure the adequacy of resources necessary to cope with the problem as already recognized. C1 OREGON HLTH DIV,DEPT HUMAN RESOURCES,PORTLAND,OR. RP SLUTSKER, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 1 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KW272 UT WOS:A1993KW27200013 PM 8417609 ER PT J AU ELIFSON, KW BOLES, J SWEAT, M AF ELIFSON, KW BOLES, J SWEAT, M TI RISK-FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-INFECTION AMONG MALE PROSTITUTES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; AIDS; HEALTH AB Objectives. This study documents the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease seroprevalence rate for male prostitutes, identifies the risk factors for HIV, and provides baseline information for the development and implementation of appropriate prevention and intervention strategies. Methods. Structured interviews were conducted with and blood samples were collected from 235 actively working male prostitutes in Atlanta, Georgia, from July 1988 through July 1991. Results. The HIV seroprevalence was 29.4%; 25.1% of the sample has seromarker for syphilis and 58.3% for hepatitis B. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the following significant HIV risk factors: history of receptive anal sex with nonpaying partners, serologic history of hepatitis B or syphilis, and history of childhood physical abuse. Conclusions. The reported seroprevalence rates among these male prostitutes indicate they are a high-risk group. The striking difference in HIV seroprevalence by sexual orientation may warrant special attention. Considering the public health consequences, there is a clear need for innovative HIV prevention and intervention among these men. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ELIFSON, KW (reprint author), GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT SOCIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU402972] NR 20 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JAN PY 1993 VL 83 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KW272 UT WOS:A1993KW27200016 PM 8417612 ER PT J AU TUCKER, SP MILLSON, MB DOLLBERG, DD AF TUCKER, SP MILLSON, MB DOLLBERG, DD TI DETERMINATION OF POLYACRYLATE SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERS IN AIR SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMERS; CROSS-LINKED SODIUM POLYACRYLATE; AIR ANALYSIS AB A sampling and analytical method has been developed for measurement of a starch-grafted, cross-linked sodium polyacrylate in air. Also, the method is applicable to measurement of several other polyacrylate super absorbent polymers and involves air sampling with a 37-mm PVC membrane filter, treatment of the sample with 0.07 M cupric acetate solution to form a copper-polymer precipitate, digestion of the precipitate with nitric and perchloric acids, and measurement of the copper content by inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry. The interior surface of the front piece of the filter cassette also is analyzed. This analytical method has been compared with a sodium method that currently is used. Detection limits for various super absorbent polymers ranged from 4.4 to 14 micrograms per sample. RP TUCKER, SP (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1993 VL 26 IS 5 BP 965 EP 980 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA LA447 UT WOS:A1993LA44700013 ER PT J AU HENDERSON, LO VOGT, RF HANNON, WH AF HENDERSON, LO VOGT, RF HANNON, WH TI STANDARDIZATION OF REAGENTS AND INSTRUMENTS IN FLOW-CYTOMETRY SO ANNALES DE BIOLOGIE CLINIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10TH EUROPEAN CONGRESS OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY / 12TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE SOC-FRANCAISE-DE-BIOLOGIE-CLINIQUE ( EUROLAB 93 ) CY APR 25-29, 1993 CL NICE, FRANCE SP INT FEDERAT CLIN CHEM, SOC FRANCAISE BIOL CLIN RP HENDERSON, LO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0003-3898 J9 ANN BIOL CLIN-PARIS JI Ann. Biol. Clin. PY 1993 VL 51 IS 3-5 BP 345 EP 345 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA LR555 UT WOS:A1993LR55500125 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML ORIHEL, TC CAMPOAASEN, I AF EBERHARD, ML ORIHEL, TC CAMPOAASEN, I TI STRIANEMA VENEZUELENSIS GEN ET SP-N (FILARIOIDEA, ONCHOCERCIDAE) FROM VENEZUELAN ARMADILLOS (DASYPUS SPP) SO ANNALES DE PARASITOLOGIE HUMAINE ET COMPAREE LA English DT Article DE STRIANEMA GEN N, S-VENEZUELENSIS SP N ARMADILLOS; VENEZUELA; SKIN MICROFILARIAE ID NEMATODA AB A new filaria, Strianema venezuelensis gen. et sp. n., is described from armadillos in Venezuela. The adults inhabit the subcutaneous tissues and the microfilariae are found in the skin and occasionnaly the blood. The adults, which are of small size (males 9.6 to 13.8 mm in length by 57 to 63 mu m in diameter, females 18.3 to 26.3 mm in length by 95 to 120 mu m in diameter), have a distinctly striated cuticle. This filaria resembles most closely the genus Cercopithifilaria, from which it can be distinguished by the absence of a buccal capsule or pre-esophageal ring, and 11 to 13 pair of caudal papillae, three or four pair of which are separated as a group anterior to the cloaca. The species, S. venezuelensis, can be distinguished from the three other species of filariae described from armadillos by the undivided esophagus, number and distribution of caudal papillae in the male, size and shape of the spicules, and the distinctive microfilaria. The microfilaria, which averages 280 mu m in length, has a unique, slender, almost filamentous tail. C1 TULANE UNIV MED CTR HOSP & CLIN,DEPT TROP MED,NEW ORLEANS,LA. CENT UNIV VENEZUELA,FAC MED,INST NACL BIOMED,CARACAS,VENEZUELA. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,F13,CDC,4770 BUFORG HIGHWAY NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00164] NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0003-4150 J9 ANN PARASIT HUM COMP PY 1993 VL 68 IS 5-6 BP 234 EP 238 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MM799 UT WOS:A1993MM79900006 PM 8154785 ER PT J AU FONTENILLE, D FAYE, O KONATE, L SY, N COLLINS, FH AF FONTENILLE, D FAYE, O KONATE, L SY, N COLLINS, FH TI COMPARISON OF CYTOLOGICAL AND PCR METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MOSQUITO SPECIES OF THE ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX IN SENEGAL SO ANNALES DE PARASITOLOGIE HUMAINE ET COMPAREE LA French DT Article DE ANOPHELES GAMBIAE; MALARIA; PCR; CYTOGENETICS; SENEGAL AB The classical cytological technique and a new PCR technique were compared for the identification of mosquito species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Fifty seven specimens, caught in three different bioclimatic senegalese regions, were tested. Thirty two An. gambiae and 25 An. arabiensis were determined by both methods. All the results were similar. The advantages of each method are discussed. C1 UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,DEPT BIOL ANIM,DAKAR,SENEGAL. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FONTENILLE, D (reprint author), ORSTOM,BP 1386,DAKAR,SENEGAL. RI FONTENILLE, didier/G-4091-2013 NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 0003-4150 J9 ANN PARASIT HUM COMP PY 1993 VL 68 IS 5-6 BP 239 EP 240 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA MM799 UT WOS:A1993MM79900007 PM 8154786 ER PT J AU EDLIN, BR VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM AF EDLIN, BR VALWAY, SE ONORATO, IM TI CLUSTERS OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP EDLIN, BR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. OI Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 1993 VL 118 IS 1 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA KE605 UT WOS:A1993KE60500017 PM 8416165 ER PT J AU FLOYD, RL RIMER, BK GIOVINO, GA MULLEN, PD SULLIVAN, SE AF FLOYD, RL RIMER, BK GIOVINO, GA MULLEN, PD SULLIVAN, SE TI A REVIEW OF SMOKING IN PREGNANCY - EFFECTS ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES AND CESSATION EFFORTS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE PRENATAL; SUBSTANCE USE; INTERVENTIONS ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; HEALTH-EDUCATION; MATERNAL SMOKING; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; GENDER DIFFERENCES; COST OUTCOMES; WOMEN; DRINKING; PROGRAM C1 DUKE UNIV, MED CTR, DUKE COMPREHENS CANC CTR, CANC CONTROL RES PROGRAM, DURHAM, NC 27710 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, OFF SMOKING & HLTH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SCH PUBL HLTH, HOUSTON, TX 77225 USA. RP FLOYD, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT, DIV REPROD HLTH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 103 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 8 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 EI 1545-2093 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1993 VL 14 BP 379 EP 411 DI 10.1146/annurev.pu.14.050193.002115 PG 33 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LE091 UT WOS:A1993LE09100018 PM 8323595 ER PT J AU ARAL, SO AF ARAL, SO TI HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV - THE ROLE OF OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND BEHAVIOR IN ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY PREVENTION AND CONTROL SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE STD; HIV INTERACTION; GENDER DIFFERENCE IN HIV ACQUISITION; GENDER-SPECIFIC HIV AIDS PREVENTION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACYCLOVIR-RESISTANT HERPES; TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION; RISK FACTOR; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SECONDARY SYPHILIS; AIDS; DISEASES; AFRICA; PATIENT RP ARAL, SO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 95 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1993 VL 14 BP 451 EP 467 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LE091 UT WOS:A1993LE09100020 PM 8323598 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO AF VALDISERRI, RO TI TEMPLES OF THE FUTURE - AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE LABORATORYS ROLE IN PUBLIC-HEALTH PRACTICE SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY; LABORATORY HISTORY; BACTERIOLOGY; SANITATION; STATE LABORATORY ID PRIVATIZATION RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1993 VL 14 BP 635 EP 648 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LE091 UT WOS:A1993LE09100027 PM 8323605 ER PT J AU DOWDLE, WR AF DOWDLE, WR TI THE FUTURE OF THE PUBLIC-HEALTH-LABORATORY SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT LABORATORIES; STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENT LABORATORIES RP DOWDLE, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 1993 VL 14 BP 649 EP 664 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LE091 UT WOS:A1993LE09100028 PM 8323606 ER PT J AU FEORINO, PM BUTERA, ST FOLKS, TM SCHINAZI, RF AF FEORINO, PM BUTERA, ST FOLKS, TM SCHINAZI, RF TI PREVENTION OF ACTIVATION OF HIV-1 BY ANTIVIRAL AGENTS IN OM-10.1 CELLS SO ANTIVIRAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; REPLICATION INVITRO; PRIMARY LYMPHOCYTES; DOWN-REGULATION; T-CELL; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION AB The development of a reliable and simple system for evaluating compounds that could prevent activation of latent HIV would allow us to devise new therapeutic approaches. These compounds could eventually be used in combination with drugs that are effective against acute and chronic infections. The OM-10.1 cell line is a chronically infected clone which remains CD4+ until HIV-1 activation with tumour necrosis factor-alpha. A variety of compounds are known to have antiviral properties against either acutely or chronically infected cells were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HIV induced expression in these cells. We also examined the effect of several compounds that interact with biochemical pathways that may interfere with or enhance the reactivation process. These included nucleoside analogues, cytokines, steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, polyoxometalates, a TAT inhibitor, various natural products (including nerve growth factor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, taxol, and interferons), TIBO, porphyrins, and various oligomers. CD4 cellular expression and supernatant reverse transcriptase activity were quantitated as markers of induced viral expression. Among the 58 compounds evaluated, 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT), interferon gamma, Ro 5-3335 (a TAT inhibitor) and desferrioxamine were modest and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 activation. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BIOCHEM PHARMACOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DECATUR,GA 30033. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Schinazi, Raymond/B-6777-2017 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0956-3202 J9 ANTIVIR CHEM CHEMOTH JI Antivir. Chem. Chemother. PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA KG792 UT WOS:A1993KG79200007 ER PT J AU SMITH, PJ HEITJAN, DF AF SMITH, PJ HEITJAN, DF TI TESTING AND ADJUSTING FOR DEPARTURES FROM NOMINAL DISPERSION IN GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS SO APPLIED STATISTICS-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C LA English DT Article DE BIOASSAY; INFORMATION MEASURES; LOGISTIC REGRESSION; POISSON REGRESSION; SCORE TEST ID LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS; POISSON REGRESSION; BINOMIAL VARIATION; HOMOGENEITY TESTS; OVERDISPERSION; EFFICIENCY; COUNTS AB In this paper we describe a score test of the hypothesis of no departure from nominal dispersion in a generalized linear model. We also give a method for adjusting the nominal variance-covariance matrix of the estimated regression coefficients when overdispersion is suspected. This procedure is an alternative to the traditional method of adjusting each element of the variance-covariance matrix by the same factor. We illustrate our method for the one-parameter exponential family of distributions in a logistic analysis of a factorial experiment and a Poisson regression analysis of bioassay data. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR,COLL MED,HERSHEY,PA 17033. RP SMITH, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,MAIL STOP K-10,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX4 1JF SN 0035-9254 J9 APPL STAT-J ROY ST C JI Appl. Stat.-J. R. Stat. Soc. PY 1993 VL 42 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 DI 10.2307/2347407 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA KJ085 UT WOS:A1993KJ08500003 ER PT J AU FREES, N POLKOWKSI, J FARMER, R AKIN, R BANKOWKSI, MJ NEUMAN, M NEGRON, V FEINTUCH, N CREMO, R WROTEN, J WITTE, J HOPKINS, RS LANDAY, A AF FREES, N POLKOWKSI, J FARMER, R AKIN, R BANKOWKSI, MJ NEUMAN, M NEGRON, V FEINTUCH, N CREMO, R WROTEN, J WITTE, J HOPKINS, RS LANDAY, A TI HIV-INFECTION, SYPHILIS, AND TUBERCULOSIS SCREENING AMONG MIGRANT FARM-WORKERS - FLORIDA, 1992 (REPRINTED FROM MMWR, VOL 41) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID CAROLINA C1 RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, CLIN RES BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP FREES, N (reprint author), NAPLES COMMUNITY HOSP, NAPLES, FL 33940 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0003-987X EI 1538-3652 J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA KH228 UT WOS:A1993KH22800001 ER PT J AU DEMARTINI, JC BICKLE, HM BRODIE, SJ HE, BX ESPOSITO, JJ AF DEMARTINI, JC BICKLE, HM BRODIE, SJ HE, BX ESPOSITO, JJ TI RACCOON POXVIRUS RABIES VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN RECOMBINANT VACCINE IN SHEEP SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID ORAL VACCINATION; PROCYON-LOTOR; PROTECTION; IMMUNIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Twenty sheep were divided into groups and inoculated by various routes with recombinant raccoon poxvirus expressing the CVS rabies virus glycoprotein (rRCNV-G) or with raccoon poxvirus (RCNV). The apparent innocuous pathologic responses to each virus coupled with development of high levels of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in animals vaccinated with rRCNV-G intradermally or intramuscularly suggested that the recombinant is effective and that RCNV would be a suitable substrate for further development of sheep vaccines. Poor antibody response to rRCNV-G given orally implied that it would be relatively harmless if inadvertently ingested by sheep. Virus transmission between vaccinated and sentinel sheep was not observed or detected serologically. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. RP DEMARTINI, JC (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1007/BF01309757 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA MC042 UT WOS:A1993MC04200019 PM 8240013 ER PT J AU THORNER, PA AHRELANDERSSON, M HIERHOLZER, JC JOHANSSON, ME AF THORNER, PA AHRELANDERSSON, M HIERHOLZER, JC JOHANSSON, ME TI CHARACTERIZATION OF 2 DIVERGENT ADENOVIRUS 31 STRAINS SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERIC ADENOVIRUS-40; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFANTS AB Two divergent strains of adenovirus type 31 were analyzed by neutralization test and restriction endonuclease (RE) patterns in an effort to find the basis for their genetic variability. One strain, isolated from the throat of a child in Maryland during an upper respiratory illness in 1968, was partially neutralized by Ad 31 antisera (to 16-fold lower than homologous titer) while its own antiserum fully neutralized prototype Ad 31 virus, but shared only 9% of comigrating RE fragments with Ad 31 prototype (vs. 30% with Ad 18 prototype); however, PCR tests specific for the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequence of Ads 12 and 18 were negative. The other strain, recovered from a stool sample from an infant with diarrhea in Georgia in 1979, was inhibited by Ad 31 antiserum to within 4-fold homologous titer, but shared only 15% of comigrating fragments with Ad 31 prototype (vs. 91 % with Ad 18 prototype); ITR-specific PCR tests with this virus were positive for Ad 12/Ad 18. These data suggest that both strains are from separate evolutionary lines of Ad 31 unrelated to all other isolates studied to date by RE analysis, and that the partial neutralization by prototype Ad 31 antisera might represent small mutations in the hexon gene. C1 KAROLINSKA HOSP,DEPT CLIN MICROBIOL,VIROL SECT,S-10401 STOCKHOLM 60,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 397 EP 405 DI 10.1007/BF01313778 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA MJ633 UT WOS:A1993MJ63300013 PM 8257296 ER PT J AU ELLIOTT, LH SANCHEZ, A HOLLOWAY, BP KILEY, MP MCCORMICK, JB AF ELLIOTT, LH SANCHEZ, A HOLLOWAY, BP KILEY, MP MCCORMICK, JB TI EBOLA PROTEIN ANALYSES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GENETIC ORGANIZATION SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MARBURG VIRUS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; RNA VIRUSES; ANTIBODIES; ORDER; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIGENS; CLEAVAGE; PEPTIDE AB Amino-acid sequencing of the purified major nucleoprotein (NP), VP 35 and VP 40 from purified Ebola virus proved that they are the protein products of the first three genes, and that the open reading frame (ORF) of the NP begins at nucleotide 470. Because of the many unusual features of the ORFs of Ebola virus, we thought that our conclusions should be substantiated. Comparisons of in vitro-translation products to purified viral proteins were used to demonstrate conclusively that the NP, VP 35 and VP 40 were the protein products of genes one, two, and three, respectively. Studies using antibodies to synthetic peptides matching the N- and C-termini of the deduced sequences from these genes confirmed these conclusions and that the ORF for the NP begins at nucleotide 470. Subsequent studies confirmed that VP 30 is encoded by the fifth gene. C1 SALK INST,SWIFTWATER,PA. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOTECHNOL CORE FACIL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ELLIOTT, LH (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 133 IS 3-4 BP 423 EP 436 DI 10.1007/BF01313780 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA MJ633 UT WOS:A1993MJ63300015 PM 8257297 ER PT J AU HIERHOLZER, JC BINGHAM, PG CASTELLS, E COOMBS, RA AF HIERHOLZER, JC BINGHAM, PG CASTELLS, E COOMBS, RA TI TIME-RESOLVED FLUOROIMMUNOASSAYS WITH MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES FOR RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF PARAINFLUENZA TYPE-4 AND MUMPS VIRUSES SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DETECTOR ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INDIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; NASOPHARYNGEAL SECRETIONS; ANTIGEN-DETECTION; VIRAL-ANTIGENS; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; POLYPEPTIDES AB Monoclonal antibodies were prepared to the F and M proteins of parainfluenza 4A and 4B and to mumpsvirus to obtain reagents that could be configured into type-specific yet broadly-reactive IFA, EIA, and TR-FIA tests. Several antibodies to parainfluenza 4A also detected subtype 4B, although to a somewhat lower signal, and thus were well suited to generic parainfluenza type 4 tests that were comparable to similar tests previously described for parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3. Monoclonals to subtype 4B were less able to detect 4A because of high background problems in one or another test. Monoclonals to mumpsvirus F protein were completely type-specific. These antibodies were screened by IFA and EIA for broad reactivity with diverse strains of each virus and were configured into optimized EIA and TR-FIA tests. The all-monoclonal tests were then compared to polyclonal tests in terms of their ability to detect virus in clinical specimens. The all-monoclonal TR-FIA was uniformly the most sensitive, detecting virus in 80% of culture-positive parainfluenza 4A specimens, 67% of parainfluenza 4B specimens, and 90% of mumps specimens, compared to 40-67% for the monoclonal EIA tests and 33-60% for the polyclonal EIA tests. For parainfluenza 4 TR-FIA, mean P/N values were 379 for subtype 4A cell culture fluids (228 for subtype 4B cultures) and 57 for 4A clinical specimens (43 for 4B specimens). For mumpsvirus TR-FIA, mean P/N values were 27 for culture fluids and 32 for clinical specimens. The sensitivities of the TR-FIA were determined with purified virus to be 0.28 ng virus per well for parainfluenza 4A and 0.70 ng virus per well for mumpsvirus. RP HIERHOLZER, JC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 130 IS 3-4 BP 335 EP 352 DI 10.1007/BF01309665 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA LK029 UT WOS:A1993LK02900010 PM 8390824 ER PT J AU ABLASHI, D AGUT, H BERNEMAN, Z CAMPADELLIFIUME, G CARRIGAN, D CECCERININELLI, L CHANDRAN, B CHOU, S COLLANDRE, H CONE, R DAMBAUGH, T DEWHURST, S DILUCA, D FOATOMASI, L FLECKENSTEIN, B FRENKEL, N GALLO, R GOMPELS, U HALL, C JONES, M LAWRENCE, G MARTIN, M MONTAGNIER, L NEIPEL, F NICHOLAS, J PELLETT, P RAZZAQUE, A TORRELLI, G THOMSON, B SALAHUDDIN, S WYATT, L YAMANISHI, K AF ABLASHI, D AGUT, H BERNEMAN, Z CAMPADELLIFIUME, G CARRIGAN, D CECCERININELLI, L CHANDRAN, B CHOU, S COLLANDRE, H CONE, R DAMBAUGH, T DEWHURST, S DILUCA, D FOATOMASI, L FLECKENSTEIN, B FRENKEL, N GALLO, R GOMPELS, U HALL, C JONES, M LAWRENCE, G MARTIN, M MONTAGNIER, L NEIPEL, F NICHOLAS, J PELLETT, P RAZZAQUE, A TORRELLI, G THOMSON, B SALAHUDDIN, S WYATT, L YAMANISHI, K TI HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 STRAIN GROUPS - A NOMENCLATURE SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. HOP LA PITIE SALPETRIERE,PARIS,FRANCE. CHILDRENS HOSP,SEATTLE,WA. DUPONT MERCK PHARMACEUT CO,WILMINGTON,PA. IST MICROBIOL,FERRARA,ITALY. MAQUARIE UNIV,SYDNEY,NSW,AUSTRALIA. UNIV PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. VET ADM MED CTR,PORTLAND,OR 97207. TEL AVIV UNIV,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. US FDA,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV BOLOGNA,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. UNIV CAMBRIDGE,CAMBRIDGE,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MODENA,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. OSAKA UNIV,OSAKA,JAPAN. MED COLL WISCONSIN,MILWAUKEE,WI 53226. INST PASTEUR,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. UNIV ERLANGEN NURNBERG,W-8520 ERLANGEN,GERMANY. HAMMERSMITH HOSP,LONDON W12 0HS,ENGLAND. NATL INST MED RES,LONDON NW7 1AA,ENGLAND. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES,CA 90089. RI Di Luca, Dario/M-9781-2014 OI Di Luca, Dario/0000-0001-9643-9170 NR 18 TC 143 Z9 145 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1993 VL 129 IS 1-4 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1007/BF01316913 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA KT986 UT WOS:A1993KT98600034 ER PT J AU BERN, C SNIEZEK, J MATHBOR, GM SIDDIQI, MS RONSMANS, C CHOWDHURY, AMR CHOUDHURY, AE ISLAM, K BENNISH, M NOJI, E GLASS, RI AF BERN, C SNIEZEK, J MATHBOR, GM SIDDIQI, MS RONSMANS, C CHOWDHURY, AMR CHOUDHURY, AE ISLAM, K BENNISH, M NOJI, E GLASS, RI TI RISK-FACTORS FOR MORTALITY IN THE BANGLADESH CYCLONE OF 1991 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Cyclones continue to pose a dangerous threat to the coastal populations of Bangladesh, despite improvements in disaster control procedures. After 138 000 persons died in the April 1991 cyclone, we carried out a rapid epidemiological assessment to determine factors associated with cyclone-related mortality and to identify prevention strategies. A nonrandom survey of 45 housing clusters comprising 1123 persons showed that mortality was greatest among under-10-year-olds (26%) and women older than 40 years (31%). Nearly 22% of persons who did not reach a concrete or brick structure died, whereas all persons who sought refuge in such structures survived. Future cyclone-associated mortality in Bangladesh could be prevented by more effective warnings leading to an earlier response, better access to designated cyclone shelters, and improved preparedness in high-risk communities. In particular, deaths among women and under-10-year-olds could be reduced by ensuring that they are given special attention by families, neighbours, local authorities, and especially those in charge of early warnings and emergency evacuation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INJURY PREVENT & CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. TOLARAM COLL,NARAYANGANJ,BANGLADESH. PROGRAM INTRODUCT & ADAPTAT CONTRACEPT TECHNOL,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. BANGLADESH RURAL ADVANCEMENT COMM,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. UNICEF,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP BERN, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KR352 UT WOS:A1993KR35200010 PM 8440041 ER PT J AU KUNO, G AF KUNO, G TI COMPUTER LITERATURE SEARCHES ON DENGUE SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DISEASE AB Many research workers, to save time, rely entirely on either on-line or Off-line databases offered by an increasing number of information services. The characteristics of eight databases, including five on-line services, were analysed in the present study concerning the retrieval of information on dengue, the most important mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. Differences in the rate of retrieval among databases were apparent, depending on the main subject of publication as well as on the geographical location of the publisher. While rates of retrieval of references in molecular biology were generally satisfactory (mostly >70%), those in clinical medicine and epidemiology were not (<50%). The latter, as published in many dengue-endemic tropical countries, were found to be inadequately covered. For the global surveillance of dengue, which has increased in intensity and spread to many countries because of increased international travel, the development of a new database emphasizing tropical geographic medicine is highly desirable. RP KUNO, G (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,DENGUE BRANCH,SAN JUAN,PR 00921, USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LC524 UT WOS:A1993LC52400005 PM 8490978 ER PT J AU GONZALEZ, AE CASTRO, M GILMAN, RH VARGAS, G STERLING, CR GARCIA, HH DIAZ, F MIRANDA, E NARANJO, J HERRERA, G CARCAMO, C VERASTEGUI, M MONTENEGRO, T ALVAREZ, M TORRES, MP TSANG, V PILCHER, J CHAVERA, A DELGADO, A LOZANO, J HENDERSON, P ARMAS, F RODRIGUEZ, T EVANS, C VASQUEZ, LE CAMA, V AF GONZALEZ, AE CASTRO, M GILMAN, RH VARGAS, G STERLING, CR GARCIA, HH DIAZ, F MIRANDA, E NARANJO, J HERRERA, G CARCAMO, C VERASTEGUI, M MONTENEGRO, T ALVAREZ, M TORRES, MP TSANG, V PILCHER, J CHAVERA, A DELGADO, A LOZANO, J HENDERSON, P ARMAS, F RODRIGUEZ, T EVANS, C VASQUEZ, LE CAMA, V TI THE MARKETING OF CYSTICERCOTIC PIGS IN THE SIERRA OF PERU SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS AB In Peru pork supplied through regulated slaughterhouses is primarily restricted to the large cities on the coast. Approximately 65% of the pork consumed in the country is obtained through informal channels that are not inspected or supervised. The pathways via which pigs are commercialized were studied in Huancayo, a city in the Peruvian Sierra where cysticercosis is endemic. Official purchase, slaughter, and market records were reviewed. Also, direct surveys and participant observation were carried out at two local live pig markets and at two informal meat markets. Pigs were not processed in local slaughterhouses; instead, they were butchered informally. The proportion of cysticercotic pigs detected by tongue examination ranged from 14% to 25% of the total sold. Since cysticercotic pigs and pork are sold through informal markets, surveys of abattoirs and meat markets are not a reliable way to monitor the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Peru. We estimate that 48% of the pork traded informally and 23% of the total pork consumed in Huancayo is derived from pigs that are infected with cysticercosis. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT VET SCI,BLDG 90,ROOM 202,TUCSON,AZ 85721. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. ST THOMAS HOSP,LONDON SE1 7EH,ENGLAND. UNIV NACL MAYOR SAN MARCOS,FAC MED VET,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV NACL CENTRO,HUANCAYO,PERU. PRISMA,ASOCIAC BENEF,DIV AGR,LIMA,PERU. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 2 BP 223 EP 228 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA LC524 UT WOS:A1993LC52400013 ER PT J AU HUTCHINS, SS JANSEN, HAFM ROBERTSON, SE EVANS, P KIMFARLEY, RJ AF HUTCHINS, SS JANSEN, HAFM ROBERTSON, SE EVANS, P KIMFARLEY, RJ TI STUDIES OF MISSED OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION IN DEVELOPING AND INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID MEASLES IMMUNIZATION; EXPANDED PROGRAM; CURATIVE CARE; VACCINE; VISITS; CONTRAINDICATIONS; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB Missed opportunities for immunization are an obstacle to raising immunization coverage among children and women of childbearing age. To determine their global magnitude and reasons, studies reported up to July 1991 were reviewed. A standard measure for the prevalence of missed opportunities was calculated for each study. Seventy-nine studies were identified from 45 countries; 18 were population-based, 52 were health-service-based, and 9 were intervention trials. A median of 32% (range, 0-99%) of the children and women of childbearing age who were surveyed had missed opportunities during visits to the health services for immunization or other reasons. Missed opportunities were mainly due to failure to administer simultaneously all vaccines for which a child was eligible; false contraindications; health workers' practices, including not opening a multidose vaccine vial for a small number of persons to avoid vaccine wastage; and logistical problems. To eliminate missed opportunities for immunization, programmes should emphasize routine supervision and periodic in-service training of health workers which would ensure simultaneous immunizations, reinforce information about true contraindications, and improve health workers' practices. C1 WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA. MINIST HLTH,STAT UNIT,ZANZIBAR,TANZANIA. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 549 EP 560 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MG523 UT WOS:A1993MG52300007 PM 8261558 ER PT J AU ENG, TR FISHBEIN, DB TALAMANTE, HE HALL, DB CHAVEZ, GF DOBBINS, JG MURO, FJ BUSTOS, JL RICARDY, MD MUNGUIA, A CARRASCO, J ROBLES, AR BAER, GM AF ENG, TR FISHBEIN, DB TALAMANTE, HE HALL, DB CHAVEZ, GF DOBBINS, JG MURO, FJ BUSTOS, JL RICARDY, MD MUNGUIA, A CARRASCO, J ROBLES, AR BAER, GM TI URBAN EPIZOOTIC OF RABIES IN MEXICO - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMPACT OF ANIMAL BITE INJURIES SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DOG BITES; NIGERIA AB From 1 July 1987 to 31 December 1988, a total of 317 animals (91% of which were dogs) were confirmed to have rabies in Hermosillo, Mexico. The median age of rabid dogs was 1 year, 69% were male, and 98% were owned. The epizootic started in the southern areas of the city, rapidly involved the entire city, and persisted mainly in lower socioeconomic status areas. The area of the city and mean household size were significant predictor variables for the population density of rabid dogs around household clusters (Poisson linear regression, P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, resp.). Approximately 2.5% of city residents were bitten by dogs in 1987, with the rate of reported dog bite injuries being positively correlated with mean household size and the proportion of households that owned dogs. Visits to the city health centre for evaluation of possible exposures to rabies increased by 135% after the start of the epizootic; approximately 273 per 100 000 city residents were administered a full or partial course of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in 1987. Children were at greatest risk for exposures to rabies, accounting for 60% of all reported animal bite injuries evaluated at the health centre. Also they were more likely than older persons to have received bite injuries to the head, face, and neck (odds ratio = 21.6, 95% confidence interval = 5.4, 186.5). C1 SERV MED SONDRA,HERMOSILLO,MEXICO. US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INDURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR SALUD,HERMOSILLO,MEXICO. CTR ANTIRABICO MUNICIPAL,HERMOSILLO,MEXICO. PAN AMER HLTH ORG,EL PASO FIELD OFF,EL PASO,TX. US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA DISTRIBUTION AND SALES, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 5 BP 615 EP 624 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MG523 UT WOS:A1993MG52300014 PM 8261565 ER PT J AU MCDERMOTT, J STEKETEE, R LARSEN, S WIRIMA, J AF MCDERMOTT, J STEKETEE, R LARSEN, S WIRIMA, J TI SYPHILIS-ASSOCIATED PERINATAL AND INFANT-MORTALITY IN RURAL MALAWI SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; GAMBIA; AREA AB In Mangochi District, a rural area of Malawi, the prevalence of active syphilis was 3.6% among 3591 women who had singleton births and who were negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Compared with non-syphilitic women, those with active syphilis (positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory/rapid plasmin reagin tests (titre greater than or equal to 1:8) and a reactive microhaemagglutination assay) were more likely to experience stillbirths as well as the early and late neonatal deaths and even postneonatal deaths of their children. Characteristics associated with active syphilis were not very useful in targeting women at high risk of having the condition, which makes universal screening in antenatal programmes the most efficacious way to prevent syphilis-associated morbidity and mortality. The potential for a programme to prevent congenital syphilis in the perinatal, neonatal, and post neonatal periods is evident. In considering resource allocation to child survival programmes in areas where the prevalence of syphilis is high, officials need to include antenatal syphilis screening, using rapid tests and treatment at the first contact of the mother with the health care system. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITED DIS LAB RES, ATLANTA, GA USA. MINIST HLTH, COLL MED, MOZAMBIQUE, MALAWI. RP MCDERMOTT, J (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT, NATL CTR INFECT DIS, DIV PARASIT DIS, MALARIA BRANCH, 1600 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 1993 VL 71 IS 6 BP 773 EP 780 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA MT673 UT WOS:A1993MT67300014 PM 8313495 ER PT J AU KOPLAN, JP AF KOPLAN, JP BE Chockalingam, A TI THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE PREVENTION SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, VOL 9, SUPPLEMENT D, MAY 1993: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL HEART HEALTH CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Heart Health Conference - Bridging the Gap; Science and Policy in Action CY MAY, 1992 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP HLTH & WELF CANADA, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST HLTH, HEART & STROKE FDN CANADA, WHO, WORLD HYPERTENS LEAGUE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULSUS GROUP INC PI OAKVILLE PA 2902 S SHERIDAN WAY, OAKVILLE ON L6J 7L6, CANADA PY 1993 BP D184 EP D186 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BC39T UT WOS:A1993BC39T00114 ER PT J AU KOPLAN, JP AF KOPLAN, JP BE Chockalingam, A TI TOWARD DEVELOPING A UNITED-STATES PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, VOL 9, SUPPLEMENT D, MAY 1993: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL HEART HEALTH CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Heart Health Conference - Bridging the Gap; Science and Policy in Action CY MAY, 1992 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP HLTH & WELF CANADA, BRIT COLUMBIA MINIST HLTH, HEART & STROKE FDN CANADA, WHO, WORLD HYPERTENS LEAGUE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PULSUS GROUP INC PI OAKVILLE PA 2902 S SHERIDAN WAY, OAKVILLE ON L6J 7L6, CANADA PY 1993 BP D141 EP D142 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BC39T UT WOS:A1993BC39T00085 ER PT J AU KADERLIK, KR TALASKA, G DEBORD, DG OSORIO, AM KADLUBAR, FF AF KADERLIK, KR TALASKA, G DEBORD, DG OSORIO, AM KADLUBAR, FF TI 4,4'-METHYLENE-BIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)-DNA ADDUCT ANALYSIS IN HUMAN EXFOLIATED UROTHELIAL CELLS BY P-32 POSTLABELING SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC DNA ADDUCTS; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; 4,4'-METHYLENEBIS 2-CHLOROANILINE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; N-GLUCURONIDATION; LIVER MICROSOMES; CARCINOGEN; RAT; WORKERS; MOCA AB 4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is an aromatic amine used widely in industry, and human exposure to this compound is well documented. MOCA induces lung and liver tumors in rodents and urinary bladder tumors in dogs, and it is regarded as a suspect urinary bladder carcinogen in humans. In this pilot study, we investigated the occurrence of MOCA-DNA adducts in exfoliated urothelial cells of a MOCA-exposed worker by P-32-postlabeling analysis. Urine samples were collected from the worker at various times after accidental acute exposure to MOCA. DNA isolated from exfoliated urothelial cells collected from each urine sample was enzymatically digested and postlabeled with excess [P-32]ATP. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the labeled digests revealed the presence of a single, major DNA adduct that cochromatographed with the major N-hydroxy-MOCA-DNA adduct, N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-amino-3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, formed in vitro. The MOCA-DNA adduct was detected in samples obtained between 4 and 98 h after initial exposure but not in samples collected at later times. The level of DNA adducts 4 h after exposure was determined to be 516 adducts/10(8) nucleotides. A 5-fold decrease in adduct level was observed 14 h later, followed by a gradual decrease over subsequent days. The results indicate that MOCA is potentially genotoxic to human urinary bladder in vivo and that P-32-postlabeling analysis of exfoliated urothelial cells provides a noninvasive means for biomonitoring the formation of MOCA-DNA adducts resulting from occupational exposure. C1 NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,HFT 100,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,INST ENVIRONM HLTH,CINCINNATI,OH 45267. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN-FEB PY 1993 VL 2 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KF997 UT WOS:A1993KF99700012 PM 8420614 ER PT B AU Blake, PA AF Blake, PA BE PestanadeCastro, AF Almeida, WF TI Epidemiologic aspects of cholera SO CHOLERA ON THE AMERICAN CONTINENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cholera on the American Continents CY MAY 21-23, 1992 CL SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Minist Hlth, UN, FAO, Fdn Res Support, State Sao Paulo, Int Life Sci Inst, ILSI Brazil, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Sao Paulo State Dept Hlth, State Univ Campinas, US EPA, WHO C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-12-X PY 1993 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BF95M UT WOS:A1993BF95M00002 ER PT B AU Wachsmuth, IK AF Wachsmuth, IK BE PestanadeCastro, AF Almeida, WF TI The use of molecular epidemiology in cholera investigations SO CHOLERA ON THE AMERICAN CONTINENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cholera on the American Continents CY MAY 21-23, 1992 CL SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SP Brazilian Minist Hlth, UN, FAO, Fdn Res Support, State Sao Paulo, Int Life Sci Inst, ILSI Brazil, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Sao Paulo State Dept Hlth, State Univ Campinas, US EPA, WHO C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I L S I PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA INT LIFE SCIENCE INST, 1126 16TH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 BN 0-944398-12-X PY 1993 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BF95M UT WOS:A1993BF95M00006 ER PT S AU FOLKS, TM HENEINE, W KHAN, A WOODS, T CHAPMAN, L SCHONBERGER, L AF FOLKS, TM HENEINE, W KHAN, A WOODS, T CHAPMAN, L SCHONBERGER, L BE Bock, GR Whelan, J TI INVESTIGATION OF RETROVIRAL INVOLVEMENT IN CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME SO CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME SE CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME CY MAY 12-14, 1992 CL CIBA FDN, LONDON, ENGLAND SP CIBA FDN HO CIBA FDN RP FOLKS, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,BLDG 15,ROOM 2611,MAIL STOP G-19,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA CHICHESTER SN 0300-5208 BN 0-471-93618-9 J9 CIBA F SYMP PY 1993 VL 173 BP 160 EP 175 PG 16 WC Clinical Neurology; Physiology; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Psychiatry GA BX44K UT WOS:A1993BX44K00010 ER PT S AU GERBER, AR AF GERBER, AR BE Landay, AL Ault, KT Bauer, KD Rabinovitch, PS TI CENTERS FOR DISEASE-CONTROL PROGRAMS IN FLOW CYTOMETRIC IMMUNOPHENOTYPING SO CLINICAL FLOW CYTOMETRY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON CLINICAL FLOW CYTOMETRY CY APR 25-28, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, AMAC, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, PFIZER CENT RES, PHARMINGEN, PHOENIX FLOW SYST RP GERBER, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,OFF DEPUTY DIRECTOR HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-767-0 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 677 BP 40 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38761.x PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BX95P UT WOS:A1993BX95P00005 PM 8388182 ER PT S AU VOGT, RF HENDERSON, LO ETHRIDGE, SF HUANG, EY WHITE, JT MEREDITH, NK AF VOGT, RF HENDERSON, LO ETHRIDGE, SF HUANG, EY WHITE, JT MEREDITH, NK BE Landay, AL Ault, KT Bauer, KD Rabinovitch, PS TI LYMPHOCYTE IMMUNOPHENOTYPING WITH EXTENDED QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF LIST-MODE FILES FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC HEALTH STUDIES SO CLINICAL FLOW CYTOMETRY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON CLINICAL FLOW CYTOMETRY CY APR 25-28, 1992 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, AMAC, HOFFMANN LA ROCHE, PFIZER CENT RES, PHARMINGEN, PHOENIX FLOW SYST RP VOGT, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA NEW YORK SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-767-0 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 677 BP 462 EP 464 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38817.x PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BX95P UT WOS:A1993BX95P00061 PM 8494243 ER PT J AU FARIZO, KM STREBEL, PM CHEN, RT KIMBLER, A CLEARY, TJ COCHI, SL AF FARIZO, KM STREBEL, PM CHEN, RT KIMBLER, A CLEARY, TJ COCHI, SL TI FATAL RESPIRATORY-DISEASE DUE TO CORYNEBACTERIUM-DIPHTHERIAE - CASE-REPORT AND REVIEW OF GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT, INVESTIGATION, AND CONTROL SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNITY; TETANUS; POPULATION; CARRIERS; EXPERIENCE; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SWEDEN AB Dramatic reductions in the incidence of diphtheria and high levels of childhood vaccination in recent decades have led the United States to establish the goal of diphtheria elimination among persons less-than-or-equal-to 25 years of age by the year 2000. In 1990, an unimmunized 25-month-old child died of respiratory diphtheria in Dade County, Florida, before treatment with diphtheria antitoxin could be instituted. Twenty-three asymptomatic household contacts and other close contacts of the child were identified, cultured for Corynebacterium diphtheriae, given antimicrobial prophylaxis, and vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid when indicated. Three contacts (13%) had pharyngeal cultures positive for toxigenic C. diphtheriae of the same type as that causing infection in the deceased child, but no additional cases developed. Although the source of infection was not determined, three other close contacts had recently been to Haiti, where diphtheria is endemic. A serological survey of 396 children <5 years of age who received care at a medical center in Dade County revealed that 22% lacked protective immunity to diphtheria. Attainment of the goal of diphtheria elimination among persons less-than-or-equal-to 25 years of age-and ultimately among all persons-will depend on the maintenance of a high level of clinical awareness of the disease, the prompt institution of preventive measures among close contacts of patients with sporadic cases, and improved vaccination levels among infants, children, and adults. C1 JACKSON MEM MED CTR,MIAMI,FL. UNIV MIAMI,DADE CTY PUBL HLTH UNIT,HLTH & REHABIL SERV,MIAMI,FL 33152. RP FARIZO, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,INFORMAT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZ,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 72 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KG117 UT WOS:A1993KG11700010 PM 8448320 ER PT J AU TAN, G KAUFMAN, L PETERSON, EM DELAMAZA, LM AF TAN, G KAUFMAN, L PETERSON, EM DELAMAZA, LM TI DISSEMINATED ATYPICAL BLASTOMYCOSIS IN 2 PATIENTS WITH AIDS SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DERMATITIDIS; INFECTION AB Two men with AIDS developed fungal infections and subsequently died as a result of dissemination of the fungal infection. Findings obtained by histologic examination, serological studies, and cultures suggested that the infections were caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis. Tissue sections showed polymorphic yeast-like cells 5-20 mum in diameter (some with broad and others with narrow single- or multiple-based buds), small yeasts, and hyphal elements. The exoantigen K positivity and exoantigen A negativity of one of the isolates indicated that the fungus was more like an African than a North American serotype. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,IRVINE MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,DIV MED MICROBIOL,101 CITY DR,ORANGE,CA 92668. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA KG117 UT WOS:A1993KG11700017 PM 8448284 ER PT B AU MAHY, BWJ AF MAHY, BWJ BE Mahy, BWJ Lvov, DK TI FOWL PLAGUE AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE VIRUS CONCEPT SO CONCEPTS IN VIROLOGY: FROM IVANOVSKY TO THE PRESENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Concepts in Virology: From Ivanovsky to the Present CY SEP, 1992 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP INT UNION MICROBIOL SOC, ROCKEFELLER FDN, UN EDUC SCI & CULTURAL ORG, REG OFF SCI & TECHNOL EUROPE, WHO, RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACADEMIC PUBL GMBH PI CHUR PA POSTSTRASSE 22, 7000 CHUR, SWITZERLAND BN 3-7186-0568-6 PY 1993 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA BA37S UT WOS:A1993BA37S00002 ER PT B AU GUBLER, DJ AF GUBLER, DJ BE Mahy, BWJ Lvov, DK TI EMERGENT AND RESURGENT ARBOVIRAL DISEASES AS PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEMS SO CONCEPTS IN VIROLOGY: FROM IVANOVSKY TO THE PRESENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Centenary Symposium on Concepts in Virology: From Ivanovsky to the Present CY SEP, 1992 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP INT UNION MICROBIOL SOC, ROCKEFELLER FDN, UN EDUC SCI & CULTURAL ORG, REG OFF SCI & TECHNOL EUROPE, WHO, RUSSIAN ACAD MED SCI C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV VECTOR BORNE INFECT DIS,FT COLLINS,CO 80522. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACADEMIC PUBL GMBH PI CHUR PA POSTSTRASSE 22, 7000 CHUR, SWITZERLAND BN 3-7186-0568-6 PY 1993 BP 257 EP 273 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA BA37S UT WOS:A1993BA37S00024 ER PT J AU FLEGAL, KM AF FLEGAL, KM TI DEFINING OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS - EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACHES SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY : WHAT, HOW AND WHO CY NOV 20-22, 1991 CL AIRLIE, VA SP INT LIFE SCI INST, N AMER DE ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; GROWTH; OBESITY; SKINFOLD THICKNESS ID UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT GUIDELINES; SECULAR TRENDS; BODY-MASS; AMERICANS AB This article discusses the use of epidemiologic and statistical approaches in developing definitions of obesity for children and adolescents. Definitions of adult obesity have been derived from mortality data or from statistical data on reference populations. Both approaches pose problems when applied to children and adolescents. The choice of appropriate measurements can be difficult. Data on childhood weight and adult outcomes are sparse and hard to interpret. Statistical definitions based on reference populations are more straightforward, but require arbitrary assumptions that limit their usefulness for prevalence estimates or comparisons across age, sex, or race/ethnic groups. Examples illustrate some issues in defining childhood obesity, including a case study of two groups of researchers who used the same data sets, but arrived at different conclusions. At present there is no generally accepted objective definition of obesity for children or adolescents. RP FLEGAL, KM (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DIV HLTH EXAMINAT STAT,MED STAT BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4-5 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LL126 UT WOS:A1993LL12600003 PM 8357489 ER PT J AU KUCZMARSKI, RJ AF KUCZMARSKI, RJ TI TRENDS IN BODY-COMPOSITION FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY : WHAT, HOW AND WHO CY NOV 20-22, 1991 CL AIRLIE, VA SP INT LIFE SCI INST, N AMER DE CHILDREN; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; BODY MASS INDEX; NUTRITION SURVEYS; NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY ID ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; SECULAR TRENDS; RELIABILITY; OBESITY; HEALTH; MASS AB Nationally representative health examination surveys have collected anthropometric measurements on children and adolescents in the U.S. These data may serve as very crude indicators of total fat or fat-free body mass, but do not yield information on body composition per se. Attempts to accurately describe trends in obesity for children and adolescents have been complicated by a number of limitations associated with body measurements taken over time in sequential surveys. Inferences from limited anthropometric measures should be made cautiously. Factors to consider include the selection of cutpoints for trend analysis, changes that may be within range of technical measurement error, and use of data at extreme percentiles. Ostensible trends may be genuine, but they may also be influenced by methodological differences across surveys. Comparative data are presented for selected body measures from 1963 to 1980 for U.S. children and adolescents sampled in national health examination surveys, and apparent differences are discussed. RP KUCZMARSKI, RJ (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,6525 BELCREST RD,ROOM 900,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4-5 BP 375 EP 387 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LL126 UT WOS:A1993LL12600014 PM 8357500 ER PT J AU YIP, R SCANLON, K TROWBRIDGE, F AF YIP, R SCANLON, K TROWBRIDGE, F TI TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT STATUS OF LOW-INCOME UNITED-STATES CHILDREN SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT WORKSHOP ON CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY : WHAT, HOW AND WHO CY NOV 20-22, 1991 CL AIRLIE, VA SP INT LIFE SCI INST, N AMER DE HEIGHT; WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; STUNTING; LOW-INCOME ID INTERNATIONAL GROWTH REFERENCE; CHILDHOOD GROWTH AB To better define the trends and patterns of growth for low-income children, we studied the anthropometry data collected by the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) and the CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS). Based on NHANES II, we found that low-income children appear to have a greater prevalence of shortness (low height-for-age), but do not have a greater prevalence of overweight (high weight-for-height) when compared with children from higher income families. Based on 12 states that were monitored continuously by the PNSS from 1980 to 1989, low-income children under 5 years of age appear to have a stable trend of height and weight status, with the exception of Asian children, most of whom were from Southeast Asian refugee background, showed a dramatic improvement in height status. However, based on PNSS data for the years 1977 to 1990 from Louisiana and Michigan, school-aged children and adolescents appear to have become slightly taller as well as having significant increases in body weight in relation to height. An additional investigation is needed to verify this trend of increasing excess weight among older, low-income children. RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 SN 1040-8398 J9 CRIT REV FOOD SCI JI Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. PY 1993 VL 33 IS 4-5 BP 409 EP 421 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA LL126 UT WOS:A1993LL12600018 PM 8357504 ER PT J AU WATERS, TR AF WATERS, TR GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC TI WORKPLACE FACTORS AND TRUNK MOTION IN GROCERY SELECTOR TASKS SO DESIGNING FOR DIVERSITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergomonics-Society 37th Annual Meeting: Designing for Diversity CY OCT 11-15, 1993 CL SEATTLE, WA SP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 PY 1993 BP 654 EP 658 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BZ48S UT WOS:A1993BZ48S00131 ER PT B AU GRANT, KA GALINSKY, TL JOHNSON, PW AF GRANT, KA GALINSKY, TL JOHNSON, PW GP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC TI USE OF THE ACTIGRAPH FOR OBJECTIVE QUANTIFICATION OF HAND WRIST ACTIVITY IN REPETITIVE WORK SO DESIGNING FOR DIVERSITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Human-Factors-and-Ergomonics-Society 37th Annual Meeting: Designing for Diversity CY OCT 11-15, 1993 CL SEATTLE, WA SP HUMAN FACTORS & ERGON SOC C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA PO BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406-1369 PY 1993 BP 720 EP 724 PG 5 WC Ergonomics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BZ48S UT WOS:A1993BZ48S00145 ER PT J AU NEWMAN, JM DESTEFANO, F VALWAY, SE GERMAN, RR MUNETA, B AF NEWMAN, JM DESTEFANO, F VALWAY, SE GERMAN, RR MUNETA, B TI DIABETES-ASSOCIATED MORTALITY IN NATIVE-AMERICANS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE- To describe diabetes-associated mortality among Native Americans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- In this population-based study, we analyzed diabetes-associated mortality data from the IHS and the NCHS. We also examined diabetes data from the 1986 NMFS. RESULTS- IHS area-specific diabetes mortality rates for 1984-1986 ranged from 10 to 93/100,000, compared with 15/100,000 for the total U.S. population. NCHS data for the same period listed diabetes as the underlying cause of 708 deaths among Native Americans and the contributory cause of 1252 deaths; 63% of the latter deaths were attributable to circulatory diseases. The 1986 NMFS demonstrated that Native American heritage is underreported by 65% on death certificates. Using deaths identified as Native American by NMFS, the age-adjusted mortality rate for diabetes as the underlying cause for Native Americans (96/100,000) was 4.3 times that for whites and two times that for blacks. Where diabetes was a contributory cause of death, the mortality rate for Native Americans (264/100,000) was 3.7 times that for whites and 2.4 times that for blacks. CONCLUSIONS- The excessive diabetes-associated mortality among Native Americans is consistent with other indicators of the magnitude of the diabetes problem in this population. Further epidemiological research and expanded diabetes control interventions are needed. C1 NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.1.297 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KE571 UT WOS:A1993KE57100049 PM 8422795 ER PT J AU MUNETA, B NEWMAN, J STEVENSON, J EGGERS, P AF MUNETA, B NEWMAN, J STEVENSON, J EGGERS, P TI DIABETIC END-STAGE RENAL-DISEASE AMONG NATIVE-AMERICANS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID ZUNI INDIANS AB OBJECTIVE - To examine why ESRD has become a major source of morbidity and mortality for Native Americans with diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using data from the Medicare ESRD Program, we examined incidence rates for ESRD among Native Americans for the years 1983-1987. RESULTS - During this period, the annual incidence of total ESRD in Native Americans increased by 18%, from 170.5/million to 200.1/million. The incidence of diabetic ESRD increased by 47%, from 80.6/million to 118.2/million. In 1987, the age-adjusted incidence rate of diabetic ESRD was 6.8 times higher in Native Americans than in whites. CONCLUSIONS - Recommendations for the prevention of diabetic ESRD include early identification of renal disease and improved control of hypertension and blood glucose. The magnitude of diabetic ESRD among Native Americans also underscores the need for primary prevention of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. C1 INDIAN HLTH SERV,DIABET CONTROL PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. HLTH CARE FINANCING ADM,WASHINGTON,DC. RP MUNETA, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 346 EP 348 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.1.346 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KE571 UT WOS:A1993KE57100060 PM 8422807 ER PT J AU ACTON, K VALWAY, S HELGERSON, S HUY, JB SMITH, K CHAPMAN, V GOHDES, D AF ACTON, K VALWAY, S HELGERSON, S HUY, JB SMITH, K CHAPMAN, V GOHDES, D TI IMPROVING DIABETES CARE FOR AMERICAN-INDIANS SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-PRACTICE; MELLITUS; COMMUNITY AB In 1986, a diabetes control program was implemented in the Billings area of the IHS. Baseline health-care practices in the program were described using a structured audit. The program included adoption of the IHS Minimum Standards of Care for diabetes, technical assistance, and professional and patient education. A second audit was performed in 1988. Care practices improved significantly for all facilities in 7 of 10 parameters measured. Facilities that implemented key program activities showed more overall improvement in screening practices, education, and immunization than those that did not organize diabetes care. Factors associated with improved care practices include establishment of a coordinated, multidisciplinary diabetes team with regular meetings, acceptance of standards of care by the medical staff, use of flow sheets by multiple providers, and diabetes-related professional and patient education sessions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INDIAN HLTH SERV,BILLINGS & PORTLAND AREAS,SEATTLE,WA. INDIAN HLTH SERV,DIABETES PROGRAM,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. PHOENIX AREA INDIAN HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ. STRONG MEM HOSP,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. RP ACTON, K (reprint author), FLATHEAD INDIAN HLTH CTR,PUBL HLTH SERV,POB 280,ST IGNATIUS,MT 59865, USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 1993 VL 16 IS 1 BP 372 EP 375 DI 10.2337/diacare.16.1.372 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA KE571 UT WOS:A1993KE57100067 PM 8422815 ER PT S AU ROPER, WL THACKER, SB AF ROPER, WL THACKER, SB BE Warren, KS Mosteller, F TI DOING GOOD BEFORE THERES HARM SO DOING MORE GOOD THAN HARM: THE EVALUATION OF HEALTH CARE INTERVENTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Doing More Good Than Harm: The Evaluation of Health Care Interventions CY MAR 22-25, 1993 CL NEW YORK, NY SP NEW YORK ACAD SCI, L W FROHLICH CHARITABLE TRUST ID BENEFITS; MEASLES C1 NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30341. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 SN 0077-8923 BN 0-89766-833-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1993 VL 703 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26332.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BA22S UT WOS:A1993BA22S00006 PM 8192314 ER PT J AU HALL, HI LEADERER, BP CAIN, WS FIDLER, AT AF HALL, HI LEADERER, BP CAIN, WS FIDLER, AT TI MUCOSAL IRRITATION AND THERMAL COMFORT AMONG OCCUPANTS OF AN OFFICE BUILDING SO ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB The Madison Building of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., was investigated in 1989 to determine whether occupant-reported symptoms were related to environmental conditions. Questionnaires were distributed to 3176 employees. Respondents reported on mucosal symptoms, thermal comfort, and demographic and health characteristics. In a follow-up survey, temperature and relative humidity were measured in selected locations and shorter questionnaires were administered. Symptoms were grouped into eye, nose, throat, respiratory, and a combined symptom cluster. Indicator variables were created for thermal comfort conditions perceived as cold and hot/stuffy. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test associations between mucosal symptoms and thermal comfort, adjusting for demographic and health characteristics. No associations between symptoms and measured temperature or relative humidity were found. Perceived stuffiness was significantly associated with eye symptoms (odds ratio, OR, = 2.6; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6-4.0), nose symptoms (OR = 2.23; 95% CI 1.5-3.4), and throat symptoms (OR = 2.95; 95% CI 1.5-5.9). The results suggest that improving occupant comfort may alleviate symptom reporting. RP HALL, HI (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD,MS E-31,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0160-4120 J9 ENVIRON INT JI Environ. Int. PY 1993 VL 19 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA LA862 UT WOS:A1993LA86200005 ER PT J AU ONG, T BI, HK XING, S STEWART, J MOORMAN, W AF ONG, T BI, HK XING, S STEWART, J MOORMAN, W TI INDUCTION OF SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE IN SPLEEN AND BONE-MARROW CELLS OF RATS EXPOSED BY INHALATION TO DIFFERENT DOSE-RATES OF ETHYLENE-OXIDE SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE ETHYLENE OXIDE; INHALATION; DOSE RATE; CYTOGENETIC; SPLEEN; BONE MARROW ID RABBIT LYMPHOCYTES; MOUSE; 7-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)GUANINE; EXPOSURES; MICE AB We investigated the effects of dose rate on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in bone marrow and spleen cells of rats exposed to ethylene oxide (EtO). Four groups (18/group) of male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to EtO by inhalation. The exposures consisted of 100 ppm for 6 hr/day, 300 ppm for 2 hr/day, 600 ppm for 1 hr/day, and clean air control. All EtO treated rats were given a total exposure dose of 600 ppm-hr daily, 5 days/week for 3, 6, or 9 months. Six rats per group were sacrificed at each time point, and SCEs were measured in cultured spleen and bone marrow cells. A statistically significant increase was found in SCEs in both bone marrow and spleen cells for all treated groups and at each time point when compared to the control, except at the 3-month exposure for the middle and high dose-rate groups in bone marrow cells. In the spleen, the increases in SCEs were similar among the three experimental groups. In bone marrow, the lowest dose rate (100 ppm) resulted in higher SCE frequencies than the medium and high dose-rate group after 3 and 6 month exposures. The overall frequencies of SCEs in the spleen cells were higher than in the bone marrow cells. The increase in SCE frequencies and decrease in the replicative index in spleen cells were also dependent on the duration of exposure. These results indicate that (1) EtO, by inhalation, can cause SCEs both in spleen and bone marrow cells of Fischer 344 rats, (2) spleen cells are more sensitive to EtO than bone marrow cells, and (3) in bone marrow cells the lowest dose-rate (longest) exposure causes more SCEs than the highest dose-rate (shortest) exposures. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP ONG, T (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV RESP DIS STUDIES,944 CHESTNUT RIDGE RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26505, USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1993 VL 22 IS 3 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1002/em.2850220306 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA MD154 UT WOS:A1993MD15400005 PM 8404874 ER PT J AU SINKS, T AF SINKS, T TI MISCLASSIFIED SARCOMAS AND CONFOUNDED DIOXIN EXPOSURE SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP SINKS, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,4770 BUFORD HIGHWAY NE,MS-F-46,ATLANTA,GA 30341, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 1993 VL 4 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KG840 UT WOS:A1993KG84000002 PM 8420577 ER PT B AU MELVIN, CL HOGUE, CJR AF MELVIN, CL HOGUE, CJR BE Senanayake, P Kleinman, RL TI THE INFORMATION CONNECTION - COMMUNITY-HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN INDONESIA SO FAMILY PLANNING: MEETING CHALLENGES: PROMOTING CHOICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IPPF Family Planning Congress - Family Planning, Meeting Challenges: Promoting Choices CY OCT, 1992 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP INT PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAT, FAMILY PLANNING ASSOC INDIA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER, ENGLAND LA6 2LA BN 1-85070-514-3 PY 1993 BP 305 EP 311 PG 7 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA BZ97R UT WOS:A1993BZ97R00035 ER PT B AU ATRASH, HK HOGUE, CJR AF ATRASH, HK HOGUE, CJR BE Senanayake, P Kleinman, RL TI THE CARE CONNECTION - COMPREHENSIVE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH FOR WOMEN SO FAMILY PLANNING: MEETING CHALLENGES: PROMOTING CHOICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IPPF Family Planning Congress - Family Planning, Meeting Challenges: Promoting Choices CY OCT, 1992 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP INT PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAT, FAMILY PLANNING ASSOC INDIA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER, ENGLAND LA6 2LA BN 1-85070-514-3 PY 1993 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA BZ97R UT WOS:A1993BZ97R00036 ER PT B AU MORRIS, L AF MORRIS, L BE Senanayake, P Kleinman, RL TI PREMARITAL SEXUAL EXPERIENCE AND USE OF CONTRACEPTION AMONG YOUNG-ADULTS IN LATIN-AMERICA SO FAMILY PLANNING: MEETING CHALLENGES: PROMOTING CHOICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IPPF Family Planning Congress - Family Planning, Meeting Challenges: Promoting Choices CY OCT, 1992 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP INT PLANNED PARENTHOOD FEDERAT, FAMILY PLANNING ASSOC INDIA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PARTHENON PUBLISHING GROUP LTD PI LANCASTER PA CASTERTON HALL, CARNFORTH, LANCASTER, ENGLAND LA6 2LA BN 1-85070-514-3 PY 1993 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Family Studies SC Family Studies GA BZ97R UT WOS:A1993BZ97R00056 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH COHEN, BH AF KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH COHEN, BH TI SCOPE AND STRATEGIES OF GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY - ANALYSIS OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 1984-1991 SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETICS; GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY ID FAMILIAL AGGREGATION; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; LUNG-CANCER; RISK; ASSOCIATION; PHENOTYPES; POPULATION; DISEASE; TESTS; UTAH AB Genetic epidemiology is a relatively new discipline that seeks to unravel the role of genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the etiology of diseases, using population and family study approaches. To characterize the overall direction and emphasis of research strategies used in this field, we reviewed original research articles published in the journal Genetic Epidemiology since its inception in 1984 until the end of 1991. Of 259 published original articles, 92 (35%) focused primarily on methodologic/statistical developments, most commonly in the area of linkage analysis/gene mapping, and 167 (65%) articles were applied or data-derived. Only 42 articles (16%) were population studies, and 217 (84%) were family studies. Most family studies dealt with genetic analysis of pedigree data using segregation and linkage analyses. Of the 137 applied family studies, 73 (53%) were drawn from well-defined populations, and only 40 (29%) considered specific environmental factors in their analyses. These findings clearly indicate a rapid growth in the methodologic and statistical aspects of genetic epidemiology, and in the emphasis on family-based studies and genetic analysis methods. Further developments in genetic epidemiology will require greater integration of epidemiologic approaches of study design and analyses into population and family studies of disease etiology. (C) 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 1993 VL 10 IS 5 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1002/gepi.1370100505 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA LY980 UT WOS:A1993LY98000004 PM 8224810 ER PT J AU WANG, WC CARTER, H CHOITZ, HC HALL, R HINE, TK JUE, DL MOOPENN, WF AF WANG, WC CARTER, H CHOITZ, HC HALL, R HINE, TK JUE, DL MOOPENN, WF TI CHARACTERIZATION OF HB VOLGA [BETA-27(B9)ALA-]ASP] AND HB J-WENCHANG-WUMING [ALPHA-11(A9)LYS-]GLN] IN THE POPULATION OF THE UNITED-STATES SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Note ID UNSTABLE HEMOGLOBIN C1 PONTIAC OSTEOPATH HOSP, PONTIAC, MI 48058 USA. GOOD SAMARITAN REG MED CTR, PHOENIX, AZ 85062 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP WANG, WC (reprint author), ST JUDE CHILDRENS RES HOSP, DEPT HEMATOL ONCOL, MEMPHIS, TN 38101 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.3109/03630269308998886 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA KK997 UT WOS:A1993KK99700007 PM 8454471 ER PT J AU ADEKILE, AD LIU, JC SULZER, AJ HUISMAN, THJ AF ADEKILE, AD LIU, JC SULZER, AJ HUISMAN, THJ TI FREQUENCY OF THE ALPHA-THALASSEMIA-2 GENE AMONG NIGERIAN SS PATIENTS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON MALARIA ANTIBODY-TITERS SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Note ID SICKLE-CELL DISEASE; SURFACE-ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ALPHA-THALASSEMIA; BETA-THALASSEMIA; ERYTHROCYTES; HEMOGLOBINS; GROWTH; GLOBIN; ANEMIA C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ADEKILE, AD (reprint author), MED COLL GEORGIA,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOLEC BIOL,AUGUSTA,GA 30912, USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [IF05TW004414-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HLB-41544] NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.3109/03630269308998887 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA KK997 UT WOS:A1993KK99700008 PM 8454472 ER PT J AU BROXSON, EH HINE, TK MOOPENN, WF AF BROXSON, EH HINE, TK MOOPENN, WF TI HB MUSKEGON [BETA-83(EF7)GLY-]ARG] - A NEW VARIANT FOUND IN A FAMILY FROM THE UNITED-STATES SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Note ID HEMOGLOBIN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BROXSON, EH (reprint author), USAF,MED CTR,WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB,OH 45433, USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PY 1993 VL 17 IS 1 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.3109/03630269308998889 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA KK997 UT WOS:A1993KK99700010 PM 8454474 ER PT S AU SWANSON, NG SAUTER, SL AF SWANSON, NG SAUTER, SL BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G TI THE RELATIONSHIP OF WORKING POSTURE TO PERFORMANCE IN A DATA-ENTRY TASK SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, VOL 1: APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 93) CY AUG 08-13, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AT&T, FUJI ELECT CO, JGC CORP, NEC CORP, PURDUE UNIV, UNIV CENT FLORIDA, UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, ACM SIGCAPH, CHINESE ACAD SCI, CHINESE INST IND ENGINEERS, EEC, EUROPEAN STRATEG PROGRAMME RES & DEV INFORM TECHNOL, FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH, HUMAN FACTORS SOC, IEEE, INST MANAGEMENT SERV, INST IND ENGINEERS, INTELLIGENT MFG SYST CTR, INT ERGON ASSOC, INT ROBOT & FACTORY AUTOMAT CTR, JAPAN ERGON RES SOC, JAPAN ASSOC MED INFORMAT, JAPAN INST OFF AUTOMAT, JAPAN MANAGEMENT ASSOC, JAPAN SOC HLTH SCI, NIOSH, NATL INST IND HLTH JAPAN, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS JAPAN, SOFTWARE PSYCHOL SOC, SWEDISH CROSS DISCIPLINARY SOC HUMAN COMP INTERACT RP SWANSON, NG (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-89540-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1993 VL 19 BP 994 EP 998 PN A PG 5 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA62K UT WOS:A1993BA62K00169 ER PT S AU GALINSKY, TL SCHLEIFER, LM PAN, CS AF GALINSKY, TL SCHLEIFER, LM PAN, CS BE Smith, MJ Salvendy, G TI THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING ON SPEED AND ACCURACY IN A VDT-BASED DATA-ENTRY TASK SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, VOL 1: APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES SE ADVANCES IN HUMAN FACTORS / ERGONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 93) CY AUG 08-13, 1993 CL ORLANDO, FL SP AT&T, FUJI ELECT CO, JGC CORP, NEC CORP, PURDUE UNIV, UNIV CENT FLORIDA, UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, ACM SIGCAPH, CHINESE ACAD SCI, CHINESE INST IND ENGINEERS, EEC, EUROPEAN STRATEG PROGRAMME RES & DEV INFORM TECHNOL, FINNISH INST OCCUPAT HLTH, HUMAN FACTORS SOC, IEEE, INST MANAGEMENT SERV, INST IND ENGINEERS, INTELLIGENT MFG SYST CTR, INT ERGON ASSOC, INT ROBOT & FACTORY AUTOMAT CTR, JAPAN ERGON RES SOC, JAPAN ASSOC MED INFORMAT, JAPAN INST OFF AUTOMAT, JAPAN MANAGEMENT ASSOC, JAPAN SOC HLTH SCI, NIOSH, NATL INST IND HLTH JAPAN, SOC INSTRUMENT & CONTROL ENGINEERS JAPAN, SOFTWARE PSYCHOL SOC, SWEDISH CROSS DISCIPLINARY SOC HUMAN COMP INTERACT RP GALINSKY, TL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2647 BN 0-444-89540-X J9 ADV HUM FACT ERGON PY 1993 VL 19 BP 1023 EP 1028 PN A PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA62K UT WOS:A1993BA62K00174 ER PT S AU BOENIGER, M COMBES, RD DRAGANI, TA FITZGERALD, J HARDIN, BD HAYES, RB KADLUBAR, F KINLEN, LJ KRIEK, E LYNGE, E MARONPOT, RR NEUMANN, HG OLIN, S PINTER, A RANNUG, U TERRACINI, B TSUDA, H TURUSOV, VS AF BOENIGER, M COMBES, RD DRAGANI, TA FITZGERALD, J HARDIN, BD HAYES, RB KADLUBAR, F KINLEN, LJ KRIEK, E LYNGE, E MARONPOT, RR NEUMANN, HG OLIN, S PINTER, A RANNUG, U TERRACINI, B TSUDA, H TURUSOV, VS GP INT AGCY RES CANC TI IARC MONOGRAPHS PROGRAM ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS SO IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS, VOL 57: OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES OF HAIRDRESSERS AND BARBERS AND PERSONAL USE OF HAIR COLOURANTS; SOME HAIR DYES, COSMETIC COLOURANTS, INDUSTRIAL DYESTUFFS AND AROMATIC AMINES SE IARC MONOGRAPHS ON THE EVALUATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS TO HUMANS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Personal Use of Hair Colourants; Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyestuffs and Aromatic Amines CY OCT 06-13, 1992 CL LYON, FRANCE SP INT AGCY RES CANC, WORKING GRP EVALUAT CARCINOGEN RISKS HUMANS C1 NIOSH,ROBERT A TAFT LABS,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Rannug, Ulf/B-1867-2016; Dragani, Tommaso/K-4493-2016 OI Dragani, Tommaso/0000-0001-5915-4598 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0250-9555 BN 92-832-1257-6 J9 IARC MONOG EVAL CARC PY 1993 VL 7 BP 13 EP 33 PG 21 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BA08J UT WOS:A1993BA08J00001 ER EF