FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU EBERHARD, ML TELFORD, SR SPIELMAN, A AF EBERHARD, ML TELFORD, SR SPIELMAN, A TI A BRUGIA SPECIES INFECTING RABBITS IN THE NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Note ID FILARIASIS AB Brugia sp. microfilariae were observed in more than 60% of wild rabbits collected on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. The microfilariae measured 294-344-mu-m in length and had the characteristic subterminal and terminal nuclei observed in other Brugia microfilariae. The microfilaria is similar to those described for Brugia leporis in rabbits in Louisiana. This may be the Brugia species responsible for 21 documented cases of human infection in the northeastern United States. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT TROP PUBL HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02115. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 19693] NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 77 IS 5 BP 796 EP 798 DI 10.2307/3282722 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GL342 UT WOS:A1991GL34200029 PM 1919934 ER PT J AU MCELVAINE, MD ORBACH, HG BINDER, S BLANKSMA, LA MAES, EF KRIEG, RM AF MCELVAINE, MD ORBACH, HG BINDER, S BLANKSMA, LA MAES, EF KRIEG, RM TI EVALUATION OF THE ERYTHROCYTE PROTOPORPHYRIN TEST AS A SCREEN FOR ELEVATED BLOOD LEAD LEVELS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID IRON STATUS; CHILDREN AB To study the effect of lowering the definition of an elevated blood lead level on the performance of the erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening test and the number of children who would require follow-up, we collected laboratory data from a screening program. The estimated sensitivity of an erythrocyte protoporphyrin level greater-than-or-equal-to 35-mu-g/dl for identifying children with elevated blood lead levels was 73% when we used 1985 Centers for Disease Control guidelines (elevated blood lead level greater-than-or-equal-to 25-mu-g/dl). Eight percent of the tests showed positive results. When we redefined an elevated blood lead level as greater-than-or-equal-to 15-mu-g/dl, the sensitivity estimate was reduced to 37% and the number of positive test results increased fourfold. C1 CHICAGO DEPT PUBL HLTH, CHICAGO, IL USA. RP MCELVAINE, MD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, MAIL STOP F-28, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 119 IS 4 BP 548 EP 550 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82402-3 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GK017 UT WOS:A1991GK01700006 PM 1919884 ER PT J AU DUNN, DE DAVIS, RR MERRY, CJ FRANKS, JR AF DUNN, DE DAVIS, RR MERRY, CJ FRANKS, JR TI HEARING-LOSS IN THE CHINCHILLA FROM IMPACT AND CONTINUOUS NOISE EXPOSURE SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IMPULSE NOISE; BRAIN-STEM; ENERGY; RAT AB The relative hazard posed to the peripheral auditory system by impact/impulse and continuous noise of the same power spectrum was determined. Impact noise was generated by striking a nail with a hammer and was digitally recorded. The acoustical power spectrum of the impact was determined and pink noise was filtered to produce a continuous noise stimulus with the same acoustic power spectrum. Pre-exposure auditory evoked response (AER) thresholds were obtained at 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz on 16 adult chinchillas. The pool of animals was divided into two equal groups based upon pre-exposure AER thresholds. One group was exposed to impact noise and the other group to the filtered pink noise. Exposures were 4 h/day for 5 days. Thirty days following the exposure, auditory evoked response thresholds were remeasured. Changes in auditory sensitivity were determined by subtracting the pre-exposure thresholds from the post-exposure thresholds. Hearing threshold shifts of the impact noise group were significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than the hearing threshold shifts of the continuous noise group. These data indicate a need to more closely examine the parameters and effects of impact noise. There may be a need to develop expanded damage-risk criteria for occupational exposure to impulse/impact noise. RP DUNN, DE (reprint author), NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 90 IS 4 BP 1979 EP 1985 DI 10.1121/1.401677 PN 1 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA GJ147 UT WOS:A1991GJ14700028 PM 1669963 ER PT J AU ZALUPS, RK ROBINSON, MK BARFUSS, DW AF ZALUPS, RK ROBINSON, MK BARFUSS, DW TI FACTORS AFFECTING INORGANIC MERCURY TRANSPORT AND TOXICITY IN THE ISOLATED PERFUSED PROXIMAL TUBULE SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CYSTEINE; GLUTATHIONE; ALBUMIN; PLASMA ULTRAFILTRATE; KIDNEY; PROXIMAL TUBULE; RABBIT; INORGANIC MERCURY TOXICITY AND TRANSPORT ID SILVER AMPLIFICATION METHOD; UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; CHLORIDE; RAT; NEPHROTOXICITY; ACCUMULATION; GLUTATHIONE; ABSORPTION; COMPLEXES AB The effects of cysteine (80-mu-M), glutathione (80-mu-M), rabbit albumin (100-mu-M), and an ultrafiltrate of rabbit plasma on the toxicity and transport of inorganic mercury (Hg2+; 18.4-mu-M) in isolated perfused S1, S2, and S3 segments of the renal proximal tubule from the rabbit were studied. Cellular and tubular injuries were assessed qualitatively by light microscopy observations and quantitatively by the tubular leak of the volume marker H-3-glucose. The lumen-to-bath transport of inorganic mercury was assessed by measuring both the rate of disappearance of inorganic mercury from the luminal fluid and the rate of appearance of inorganic mercury in the bath. When glutathione was added to the perfusate containing the inorganic mercury, no signs of epithelial cell necrosis or injury were detected in any of the three segments of the proximal tubule. There was also an absence of or a decrease in cellular injury in the epithelium of the same tubular segments when either cysteine or the ultrafiltrate was present in the perfusate. However, when rabbit albumin and inorganic mercury were present in the perfusate, severe degenerative and necrotic changes occurred very rapidly in the epithelium of all three segments of the proximal tubule. In almost every instance where glutathione, cysteine, or the plasma ultrafiltrate were present in the perfusate, the disappearance flux of inorganic mercury from the tubular lumen into the tubular epithelium was lowered. It was concluded that glutathione, cysteine, and the ultrafiltrate of rabbit plasma provide isolated perfused S1, S2, and S3 segments of the proximal tubule varying degrees of protection from the toxic effects of inorganic mercury. This protection appears to be related to a decrease in the movement of inorganic mercury across the luminal membrane of the tubular epithelial cells. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP ZALUPS, RK (reprint author), MERCER UNIV,SCH MED,DIV BASIC MED SCI,1550 COLL ST,MACON,GA 31207, USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES 05157] NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 2 IS 4 BP 866 EP 878 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA GM666 UT WOS:A1991GM66600006 PM 1751790 ER PT J AU SULLENDER, WM MUFSON, MA ANDERSON, LJ WERTZ, GW AF SULLENDER, WM MUFSON, MA ANDERSON, LJ WERTZ, GW TI GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ATTACHMENT PROTEIN OF SUBGROUP-B RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INFLUENZA-C VIRUSES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; RNA; HETEROGENEITY; AMPLIFICATION; DIVERGENCE; EXPRESSION AB Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus causes repeated infections throughout life. Between the two main antigenic subgroups of RS virus, there is antigenic variation in the attachment protein G. The antigenic differences between the subgroups appear to play a role in allowing repeated infections to occur. Antigenic differences also occur within subgroups; however, neither the extent of these differences nor their contributions to repeat infections are known. We report a molecular analysis of the extent of diversity within the subgroup B RS virus attachment protein genes of viruses isolated from children over a 30-year period. Amino acid sequence differences as high as 12% were observed in the ectodomains of the G proteins among the isolates, whereas the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains were highly conserved. The changes in the G-protein ectodomain were localized to two areas on either side of a highly conserved region surrounding four cysteine residues. Strikingly, single-amino-acid coding changes generated by substitution mutations were not the only means by which change occurred. Changes also occurred by (i) substitutions that changed the available termination codons, resulting in proteins of various lengths, and (ii) a mutation introduced by a single nucleotide deletion and subsequent nucleotide insertion, which caused a shift in the open reading frame of the protein in comparison to the other G genes analyzed. Fifty-one percent of the G-gene nucleotide changes observed among the isolates resulted in amino acid coding changes in the G protein, indicating a selective pressure for change. Maximum-parsimony analysis demonstrated that distinct evolutionary lineages existed. These data show that sequence diversity exists among the G protein within the subgroup B RS viruses, and this diversity may be important in the immunobiology of the RS viruses. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. MARSHALL UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,HUNTINGTON,WV 25701. VET ADM MED CTR,HUNTINGTON,WV 25704. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SULLENDER, WM (reprint author), UNIV ALABAMA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [F32 AI107864, AI20181, R37 AI2464] NR 49 TC 160 Z9 164 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 65 IS 10 BP 5425 EP 5434 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA GF097 UT WOS:A1991GF09700036 PM 1895391 ER PT J AU FEKADU, M SHADDOCK, JH SUMNER, JW SANDERLIN, DW KNIGHT, JC ESPOSITO, JJ BAER, GM AF FEKADU, M SHADDOCK, JH SUMNER, JW SANDERLIN, DW KNIGHT, JC ESPOSITO, JJ BAER, GM TI ORAL VACCINATION OF SKUNKS WITH RACCOON POXVIRUS RECOMBINANTS EXPRESSING THE RABIES GLYCOPROTEIN OR THE NUCLEOPROTEIN SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Note DE RACCOON POXVIRUS; RECOMBINANT VACCINE; RABIES; SKUNK; MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; VACCINATION ID IMMUNIZATION; FOXES; VULPES AB Twenty nine skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were vaccinated orally with raccoon poxvirus (RCN) recombinants: 10 with a recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RCNRG), 10 with RCNRG mixed with a recombinant expressing the rabies virus nucleoprotein (RCNRN) and nine with RCN alone. Rabies virus neutralizing antibodies were detected in six of the 20 skunks; five skunks (three given RCNRG, two given a mixture of recombinants) survived a rabies challenge that was lethal for nine skunks vaccinated with RCN alone. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FEKADU, M (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 27 IS 4 BP 681 EP 684 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GP280 UT WOS:A1991GP28000023 PM 1758034 ER PT J AU BELLINI, S HUBBARD, GB KAUFMAN, L AF BELLINI, S HUBBARD, GB KAUFMAN, L TI SPONTANEOUS FATAL COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN A NATIVE-BORN HYBRID BABOON (PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-ANUBIS PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS) SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 SW FDN BIOMED RES,DEPT LAB ANIM MED,POB 28147,SAN ANTONIO,TX 78228. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT INFECT,MYCOT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 BP 509 EP 511 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA HB766 UT WOS:A1991HB76600027 PM 1666160 ER PT J AU POWELL, AC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW MCALLISTER, SK OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ FAVERO, MS AF POWELL, AC BLAND, LA OETTINGER, CW MCALLISTER, SK OLIVER, JC ARDUINO, MJ FAVERO, MS TI ENHANCED RELEASE OF TNF-ALPHA, BUT NOT IL-1-BETA, FROM UREMIC BLOOD AFTER ENDOTOXIN STIMULATION SO LYMPHOKINE AND CYTOKINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 PRODUCTION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CHRONIC RENAL-FAILURE; HEMODIALYSIS; INVIVO; PLASMA AB Aberrant immunologic host defenses associated with uremia may be a cause of the high incidence of sepsis in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients. This investigation determined the cytokine response of blood from five nondialyzed chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, five CHD patients, and five healthy controls (HC) after in vitro stimulation with 1 ng/ml Escherichia coli 0113 endotoxin. Concentrations of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta were determined by ELISA and were similar in all baseline and unspiked samples. TNF-alpha-concentrations in CRF and CHD spiked samples were similar to each other but significantly greater (p < 0.01) than in HC spiked samples. IL-1-beta-concentrations in CRF, CHD, and HC-spiked samples were not significantly different. We conclude that CRF and CHD patients have enhanced TNF-alpha response, which may be related to uremia and not dialysis-related factors. Uremia does not potentiate IL-1-beta release. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,C-01,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0277-6766 J9 LYMPHOKINE CYTOK RES JI Lymphokine Cytokine Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 10 IS 5 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA GR699 UT WOS:A1991GR69900002 PM 1768736 ER PT J AU HETHCOTE, HW VANARK, JW KARON, JM AF HETHCOTE, HW VANARK, JW KARON, JM TI A SIMULATION-MODEL OF AIDS IN SAN-FRANCISCO .2. SIMULATIONS, THERAPY, AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; INCUBATION PERIOD; HIV TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; MENS HEALTH; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; PATTERNS AB The HIV and AIDS incidences each year for homosexual men in San Francisco are estimated from data. A computer simulation model for HIV transmission dynamics and progression to AIDS is used to reconstruct the HIV epidemic. Using some a priori parameter estimates, simulations are found that give good fits to the incidence data. In the simulations the population is divided into risk groups whose sexual activities are found to be strongly connected. There is saturation in the high-risk group, but changes in sexual behavior are more important in obtaining adequate fits. The simulation modeling yields useful parameter estimates, but the remaining uncertainty in parameter values implies that the simulation forecasts are also uncertain. Changes in HIV incidence lead to changes in AIDS incidence about 6-10 years later. Simulation models with and without zidovudine treatment both fit the incidence data; thus the effects of therapy on AIDS incidence are unclear. The fits of the simulation model are most sensitive to the yearly migration rate, the number of stages in the progression to AIDS, and the average number of new sexual partners per month; thus better estimates of these parameters would be desirable. C1 UNIV DETROIT,DEPT MATH,DETROIT,MI 48221. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP HETHCOTE, HW (reprint author), UNIV IOWA,DEPT MATH,IOWA CITY,IA 52242, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-87-0515] NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 106 IS 2 BP 223 EP 247 DI 10.1016/0025-5564(91)90078-W PG 25 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA GE348 UT WOS:A1991GE34800003 PM 1806103 ER PT J AU BEDNARIK, DP DUCKETT, C KIM, SU PEREZ, VI GRIFFIS, K GUENTHNER, PC FOLKS, TM AF BEDNARIK, DP DUCKETT, C KIM, SU PEREZ, VI GRIFFIS, K GUENTHNER, PC FOLKS, TM TI DNA CPG METHYLATION INHIBITS BINDING OF NF-KAPPA-B PROTEINS TO THE HIV-1 LONG TERMINAL REPEAT COGNATE DNA MOTIFS SO NEW BIOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CPG; HIV; INHIBITION; LTR; METHYLATION; NF-KAPPA-B; TRANSCRIPTION ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERFERON GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NUCLEAR FACTOR; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; REL ONCOGENE; FACTOR-ALPHA; T-CELLS; ENHANCER RP BEDNARIK, DP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 1043-4674 J9 NEW BIOL PD OCT PY 1991 VL 3 IS 10 BP 969 EP 976 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA GL955 UT WOS:A1991GL95500010 PM 1768651 ER PT J AU LINDSAY, MK ADEFRIS, W PETERSON, HB WILLIAMS, H JOHNSON, J KLEIN, L AF LINDSAY, MK ADEFRIS, W PETERSON, HB WILLIAMS, H JOHNSON, J KLEIN, L TI DETERMINANTS OF ACCEPTANCE OF ROUTINE VOLUNTARY HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TESTING IN AN INNER-CITY PRENATAL POPULATION SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Routine voluntary prenatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing offer the opportunity to encourage reduction of high-risk behaviors among uninfected women and to identify those women with asymptomatic HIV infection. To characterize the determinants of acceptance of routinely offered and encouraged HIV testing in inner-city parturients in Atlanta, we identified two groups of women, one that declined HIV testing and another that accepted testing. Each group was asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess the effectiveness of pre-test counseling. During the 7-month study period, 4731 women registered for prenatal care and 4574 (97%) consented to HIV testing. Nearly all women stated that they were not pressured into having HIV testing performed. Women who accepted HIV testing were more likely to be young, black, and single (P < .001) and less likely to have received education beyond high school (P < .05). More accepters than decliners thought the HIV counseling session was valuable (97 versus 91%; P = .04); 55% of accepters agreed to antibody testing because of concern about the risk of transmitting HIV infection to their fetus or infant. More accepters than decliners indicated a willingness to have HIV testing in a future pregnancy (74 versus 33%; P < .001). These data suggest that most inner-city parturients in our institution view routine voluntary HIV counseling as a valuable component of their prenatal care. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LINDSAY, MK (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,POB 26158,80 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30335, USA. NR 6 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 78 IS 4 BP 678 EP 680 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GH117 UT WOS:A1991GH11700021 PM 1923172 ER PT J AU PETERSON, HB KLEINBAUM, DG AF PETERSON, HB KLEINBAUM, DG TI INTERPRETING THE LITERATURE IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY .1. KEY CONCEPTS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The proper interpretation of research findings in obstetrics and gynecology increasingly requires some understanding of epidemiology and biostatistics. The disciplines of epidemiology and biostatistics are inextricably related; the goal of epidemiology is accurate measurement of the relationship between an exposure and a disease, and statistical methods are required for achieving that objective. Most epidemiologic studies in the obstetrics and gynecology literature can be classified as 1) cross-sectional, 2) case-control, or 3) cohort (follow-up) studies. The 2 x 2 table represents the basic analytic format for all three types of epidemiologic studies. Information from this table can be used to estimate both the magnitude of the exposure-disease relationship and the relative likelihood that chance explains study findings. Accurate measurement of the relationship between an exposure and a disease can be impeded by two major sources of error: bias and chance. In broad terms, biases can be classified as those related to 1) selection, 2) information, and 3) the presence of extraneous variables. Because biases in epidemiologic studies distort measurements, they must be identified, characterized, and, if possible, avoided. When biases cannot be avoided, knowledge of their likely impact on study findings must be assessed. The role of chance is evaluated by statistical testing of the null hypothesis, ie, the hypothesis that two factors are not associated. Statistical significance is only one consideration in the evaluation of study findings; to determine whether an observed association is likely to be important clinically, the critical reader needs to go beyond chance (P values) to consider other important criteria, including strength of the association, consistency of the study findings with known information, and biologic plausibility of the observed association. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 78 IS 4 BP 710 EP 717 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GH117 UT WOS:A1991GH11700030 PM 1923179 ER PT J AU PETERSON, HB KLEINBAUM, DG AF PETERSON, HB KLEINBAUM, DG TI INTERPRETING THE LITERATURE IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY .2. LOGISTIC-REGRESSION AND RELATED ISSUES SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The goal of epidemiology is accurate measure of the relationship between an exposure and a disease of interest. The control of covariates of the exposure-disease relationship is required to obtain a valid measure. Two types of covariates, confounders and effect modifiers, must be considered. Investigators can design studies to measure and control for the impact of both types of covariates. Design strategies for dealing with covariates include randomization, restriction, and matching. If the impact of a covariate is not eliminated by study design, it must be controlled for during study analysis by use of either stratification or mathematical modeling. Stratified analysis permits an assessment of the exposure-disease relationship for each category of relevant covariates. Although stratification is the best initial approach for controlling covariates, it is often impractical, particularly if more than one or two covariates must be controlled. Multivariate mathematical models are required if multiple covariates are to be controlled. Logistic regression is the mathematical modeling procedure most often used to analyze studies in obstetrics and gynecology. Although there are no uniform rules for building a proper model for regression analysis, useful general strategies are available. It must be emphasized that, though the use of mathematical modeling can control for multiple covariates and thereby improve the chance of obtaining an accurate measure of the exposure-disease relationship, it cannot "fix" data that result from a poorly designed or improperly conducted study. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV HLTH PROD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 78 IS 4 BP 717 EP 720 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA GH117 UT WOS:A1991GH11700031 PM 1923180 ER PT J AU HATCH, DL GARONA, JE GOLDMAN, LR WALLER, KO AF HATCH, DL GARONA, JE GOLDMAN, LR WALLER, KO TI PERSISTENT EOSINOPHILIA IN AN INFANT WITH PROBABLE INTRAUTERINE EXPOSURE TO L-TRYPTOPHAN-CONTAINING SUPPLEMENTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Note ID MYALGIA SYNDROME C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SUNNYVALE MED CLIN,DEPT PEDIAT,SUNNYVALE,CA. RP HATCH, DL (reprint author), CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL & TOXICOL BRANCH,5900 HOLLIS ST,SUITE E,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608, USA. RI Goldman, Lynn/D-5372-2012 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 1991 VL 88 IS 4 BP 810 EP 813 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GY801 UT WOS:A1991GY80100024 PM 1896288 ER PT J AU HOUK, VN THACKER, SB AF HOUK, VN THACKER, SB TI THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCIENTIFIC AUTHORSHIP SO SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING LA English DT Article C1 CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. RP HOUK, VN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI ONTARIO PA JOURNALS DEPT, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, ONTARIO NORTH YORK M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0036-634X J9 SCHOLARLY PUBL PD OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 1 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Information Science & Library Science SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Information Science & Library Science GA GL853 UT WOS:A1991GL85300005 ER PT J AU SARAFIAN, SK CHU, ML KOJIMA, H SNG, EH JOYCE, MP KNAPP, JS AF SARAFIAN, SK CHU, ML KOJIMA, H SNG, EH JOYCE, MP KNAPP, JS TI DISTRIBUTION OF THE 3.05-MDAL TORONTO BETA-LACTAMASE PLASMID AMONG PENICILLINASE-PRODUCING ISOLATES OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE IN THE FAR-EAST SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAINS AB One hundred and fifty-two beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Japan (n = 25; 1983, 1985, 1986), Taiwan (n = 14; 1983, 1984), and the Republics of Singapore (n = 58; 1986, 1987) and the Phillippines (n = 55; 1989) isolated from 1983 through 1989 were characterized by auxotype, serovar, and plasmid content to determine the distribution and diversity of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains possessing the 3.05-Mdal "Toronto" beta-lactamase plasmid. PPNG isolates possessing a 3.05-Mdal beta-lactamase plasmid were isolated in Japan (1/25: 4%), Taiwan (4/14: 29%), and the Republic of the Phillippines (3/55: 5%); no PPNG isolates with the 3.05-Mdal plasmid were isolated in the Republic of Singapore. All isolates possessing the 3.05-Mdal plasmid also possessed a 24.5-Mdal conjugative plasmid and belonged to the auxotype/serovar class, Proto/IB-1. Studies with five isolates possessing the 3.05-Mdal plasmid, and representing isolates from each country in which they were found, confirmed that the beta-lactamase plasmid in these strains could not be transferred to another gonococcal isolate by conjugation. PPNG isolates possessing the "Toronto" plasmid are widespread in the Far East; spread of these isolates may, however, be limited to the physical spread of a single strain. C1 TRISERV GEN HOSP,DEPT MED RES,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. JAPANESE RED CROSS,MED CTR,DEPT UROL,TOKYO,JAPAN. MINIST HLTH,DEPT PATHOL,SINGAPORE,SINGAPORE. BROOKE ARMY MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,FT SAM HOUSTON,TX 78234. RP SARAFIAN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,MAILSTOP D-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 1991 VL 18 IS 4 BP 201 EP 204 DI 10.1097/00007435-199110000-00001 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA GQ726 UT WOS:A1991GQ72600001 PM 1771472 ER PT J AU REVEILLE, JD BARGER, BO HODGE, TW AF REVEILLE, JD BARGER, BO HODGE, TW TI HLA-DR2-DRB1 ALLELE FREQUENCIES IN DR2-POSITIVE BLACK-AMERICANS WITH AND WITHOUT SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Note DE HLA-DR2-DRB1; PCR; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; NEPHRITIS ID HLA-DR; DNA; HAPLOTYPES; GENES C1 UNIV ALABAMA HOSP & CLIN,DEPT SURG,HISTOCOMPATABIL LAB,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35233. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP REVEILLE, JD (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT MED,DIV RHEUMATOL & CLIN IMMUNOGENET,POB 20708,HOUSTON,TX 77225, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-82513]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-20614, AR-39325] NR 15 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD OCT PY 1991 VL 38 IS 4 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1991.tb01892.x PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA GP457 UT WOS:A1991GP45700005 PM 1801308 ER PT J AU PETERSEN, LR DOLL, LS AF PETERSEN, LR DOLL, LS TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1-INFECTED BLOOD-DONORS - EPIDEMIOLOGIC, LABORATORY, AND DONATION CHARACTERISTICS SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HIV; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODY AB Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by homologous blood transfusion in the United States (US) is minimized by the deferral of potential donors who are at risk for HIV-1 infection and by the screening of all donations for HIV-1 antibody. HIV-1-seropositive donors at 20 blood centers were studied for information to be used in evaluating the safety of the US blood supply and making recommendations to increase that safety. From June 1988 to August 1989, 829 (0.04%) of 2,192,000 donors were found to be seropositive; 512 were interviewed. Of 388 seropositive men, 56 percent had had sex with men, 10 percent had used drugs intravenously, 8 percent had had sex with intravenous drug users, and 27 percent had no identified risk. Of 124 seropositive women, 58 percent had had sex with men at risk for HIV (81% of whom used drugs intravenously), 5 percent had used drugs intravenously, and 41 percent had no identified risk. Racial and ethnic minorities made up 68 percent of seropositive donors (black, 38%; Hispanic, 30%) and approximately 14 percent of all donors. The 157 persons with no identified risk had demographic characteristics and serologic test results for syphilis and hepatitis B that were more similar to those of HIV-1-seropositive donors with recognized risk than to those of seronegative donors. Three health care worker-blood donors (from an estimated 93,100 health care worker-donors) had infection that was probably acquired occupationally. The very low HIV-1 seroprevalence indicated that the current donor deferral process was highly effective and that, even in high acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence areas, the risk of HIV-1 transmission via transfusion was minimal. However, further efforts to defer from donation men with homosexual contact and persons with heterosexual contact with intravenous drug users, especially among black and Hispanic potential donors, are necessary to improve transfusion safety. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SOCIAL & BEHAV STUDIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PETERSEN, LR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,HIV SEROEPIDEMIOL BRANCH,POPULATION STUDIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 8 BP 698 EP 703 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31892023493.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GL386 UT WOS:A1991GL38600005 PM 1926312 ER PT J AU DOLL, LS PETERSEN, LR WHITE, CR WARD, JW AF DOLL, LS PETERSEN, LR WHITE, CR WARD, JW TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1-INFECTED BLOOD-DONORS - BEHAVIORAL-CHARACTERISTICS AND REASONS FOR DONATION SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID HIV ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION; TRANSFUSION; AIDS AB Between May 1988 and September 1989, 829 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-l)-seropositive donors were identified from 3,919,000 units of blood donated at 20 United States (US) blood centers. Of the 829, 512 (62%) were interviewed to assess behavioral characteristics of the largest subgroup, men reporting sex with men, use of the confidential unit exclusion (CUE) and reasons for donation among all donors. Among 216 men reporting sex with men, 97 percent had male and 72 percent had female sexual contact since 1978. The majority identified themselves as bisexual (29%) or heterosexual (26%). Although 61 percent of 512 donors were aware of their risk behavior at donation, including 57 percent of those infected through heterosexual transmission, only 5 percent used the CUE. Reasons for donation included failure to read carefully (46%) or comprehend (15%) the deferral materials, pressure to donate (27%), a desire to be tested for HIV-1 (15%), and a reliance on screening to identify infected blood (10%). Reasons given for a perception of being at low risk included no recent risk behaviors, infrequent risk behaviors, or modification of risk behaviors. To reach high-risk donors, centers should assess whether referral materials provide necessary medical information and are clearly written for persons with diverse cultural and language backgrounds. Staff should be encouraged to avoid the use of culturally stigmatized terms and behaviors that may be perceived as high pressure. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,POPULAT STUDIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,REPORTING & ANAL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DOLL, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SOCIAL & BEHAV STUDIES SECT,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD OCT PY 1991 VL 31 IS 8 BP 704 EP 709 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1991.31892023494.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GL386 UT WOS:A1991GL38600006 PM 1926313 ER PT J AU COLEMAN, PJ SHAW, FE SEROVICH, J HADLER, SC MARGOLIS, HS AF COLEMAN, PJ SHAW, FE SEROVICH, J HADLER, SC MARGOLIS, HS TI INTRADERMAL HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION IN A LARGE HOSPITAL EMPLOYEE POPULATION SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE VIRAL HEPATITIS VACCINES; INJECTIONS; INTRAMUSCULAR; INTRADERMAL; IMMUNOGENICITY ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; VIRUS-VACCINE; IMMUNOGENICITY; SMOKING AB The intradermal route of hepatitis B vaccine administration has been tested in several clinical trials and has produced various degrees of immunogenicity, but usually among small groups of participants. To assess more adequately the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine using the intradermal route, the Centers for Disease Control conducted a clinical trial among 425 well health-care workers in a hospital setting. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: those receiving a 20-mu-g intramuscular injection, and those receiving a 2-mu-g intradermal injection. Participants received the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine by the standard schedule at 0, 1 and 6 months, and serum samples were collected at 3, 8, 12 and 24 months after the first dose. Antibody response rates (anti-HBs titre greater-than-or-equal-to 10 sample ratio units by radioimmunoassay) for the intradermal vaccination group were consistently lower than those for the intramuscular vaccination group at each testing interval. The differences were greatest for the 3-month test and decreased over time. Geometric mean titres for anti-HBs for the intradermal group were significantly lower than those for the intramuscular group at the 8-month test point. In addition to inoculation route, factors of gender, smoking and age were found to have significant effects on immune response. The results suggest that intradermal vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine may be appropriate under certain conditions and for certain population subgroups. C1 N ARUNDEL HOSP,US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,GLEN BURNIE,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,CTR PREVENT SERV,SURVEILLANCE INVEST & RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLEMAN, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,BLDG 6,ROOM 154,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT PY 1991 VL 9 IS 10 BP 723 EP 727 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90287-G PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA GH044 UT WOS:A1991GH04400005 PM 1836918 ER PT J AU MUZYCHENKO, AR LIPSKAYA, GY MASLOVA, SV SVITKIN, YV PILIPENKO, EV NOTTAY, BK KEW, OM AGOL, VI AF MUZYCHENKO, AR LIPSKAYA, GY MASLOVA, SV SVITKIN, YV PILIPENKO, EV NOTTAY, BK KEW, OM AGOL, VI TI COUPLED MUTATIONS IN THE 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGION OF THE SABIN POLIOVIRUS STRAINS DURING INVIVO PASSAGES - STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 5' NONCODING REGION; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; ATTENUATION PHENOTYPE; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSLATION; SEQUENCE; NEUROVIRULENCE; VACCINE; REPLICATION; INVITRO AB All entero- and rhinovirus RNAs sequenced thus far possess A and U residues at positions corresponding to nucleotides 480 and 525, respectively, of poliovirus type 1. These two nucleotides have been proposed previously to form a base pair. The single exception to this rule appears to be the Sabin type 1 strain, which has a G480. Isolates of the Sabin 1 virus from healthy vaccinees were shown to have either a reversion to A480 or a second-site mutation U525 --> C, both restoring a potential for efficient base pairing. In vitro translation experiments demonstrated that poliovirus type 1 RNAs with either A480-U525 or G480-C525 are more efficient in promoting translation initiation as compared with the Sabin 1 RNA (G480-U525). The Sabin 2 strain has a U and an A at position 398 and 481, respectively, while its predecessor, strain P712, is shown to have C398 and G481. All the derivatives of the Sabin 2 isolated from vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis cases shown reversion to G481, and most of them reverted also to C398. It is proposed that bases at positions 398 and 481 may be involved in a tertiary interaction. The in vitro template activity of the Sabin type 2 RNA (A481) is significantly lower than that of the isolate RNAs with G481, thus confirming the relation between attenuation and translation efficiency demonstrated previously for the type 1 and type 3 Sabin strains. The C --> U change at position 398 exerted only a minor effect on the RNA template activity. C1 ACAD SCI USSR,INST POLIOMYELITIS & VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES,MOSCOW V-71,USSR. MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,AN BELOZERSKY LAB MOLEC BIOL & BIOORGANIC CHEM,MOSCOW 117234,USSR. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Agol, Vadim/E-1941-2013 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD OCT PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1016/0168-1702(91)90002-D PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA GP128 UT WOS:A1991GP12800002 PM 1661980 ER PT J AU HILDESHEIM, A MANN, V BRINTON, LA SZKLO, M REEVES, WC RAWLS, WE AF HILDESHEIM, A MANN, V BRINTON, LA SZKLO, M REEVES, WC RAWLS, WE TI HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-2 - A POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPES-16/18 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSFORMATION; CONTRACEPTION; NEOPLASIA; SMOKING; SERA; RISK; DNA AB A case-control study of 766 histologically confirmed incident cases of invasive cervical cancer and 1,532 hospital and community controls was conducted in Latin America to evaluate the etiologic role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and to examine whether HSV-2 interacts with other risk factors. In addition to a personal interview, all subjects were asked to donate blood samples and cervical swabs for assessment of exposure to HSV-2 and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) respectively. Ninety-eight percent of cases and 91% of controls agreed to the interview and blood collection. Women testing positive for HSV-2 antibodies were found to have a 60% increased risk of cervical cancer compared with seronegative women (95% Cl = 1.3, 1.9). Control for education, sexual and reproductive behavior, prior Pap-smear screening, smoking, oral contraceptive use, HPV-6/11 DNA, or HPV-16/18 DNA detection did not materially affect this estimate. No effect modification of HSV-2 by age, HPV-6/11 DNA, pregnancies, oral contraceptive use or cigarette smoking was observed. However, a significant interaction was detected between HSV-2 and HPV-16/18. Compared with women testing negative to both virus types, those positive for HSV-2 alone had a RR of 1.2 (95% Cl = 0.9, 1.6), those positive for HPV-16/18 DNA alone had a RR of 4.3 (95% Cl = 3.0, 6.0), and those positive for both viruses had a RR of 8.8 (95% Cl = 5.9, 13.0). These findings corroborate recent laboratory evidence of a possible biological interaction between HSV-2 and HPV-16/18 in the development of cervical cancer. Further confirmatory studies are needed, given concerns with potential misclassification of exposure by the laboratory assays utilized. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,MOLEC & IMMUNOL PROGRAM,HAMILTON L8S 4L8,ONTARIO,CANADA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP HILDESHEIM, A (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,EXECUT PLAZA N,ROOM 443,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 31 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD SEP 30 PY 1991 VL 49 IS 3 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1002/ijc.2910490304 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GH846 UT WOS:A1991GH84600003 PM 1655658 ER PT J AU GLASS, RI CLAESON, M BLAKE, PA WALDMAN, RJ PIERCE, NF AF GLASS, RI CLAESON, M BLAKE, PA WALDMAN, RJ PIERCE, NF TI CHOLERA IN AFRICA - LESSONS ON TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL FOR LATIN-AMERICA SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE; FOODS AB In January, 1991, epidemic cholera emerged in Peru and spread to 7 other countries of Latin America. Cholera was introduced 20 years ago to Africa, where it spread rapidly to 30 of the 46 countries of the region and by 1990 accounted for 90% of all cases reported to the World Health Organisation. Many lessons from the cholera epidemic in Africa are relevant to efforts to control the disease in Latin America. Public health practices from the past - quarantine and cordon sanitaire to halt introduction of cholera by travellers, and vaccination and mass chemoprophylaxis to control epidemics - are ineffective in preventing spread of the disease. Cholera can be transmitted not only by contaminated water but also by food. Social phenomena such as mass migrations and burial practices may play a greater role than previously understood. While efforts to prevent the spread of cholera have been ineffective, cholera-associated mortality can be decreased with rehydration therapy. Since the current pandemic is unlikely to retreat soon, new strategies are urgently needed to control the spread of cholera through sanitary and behavioural interventions or improved vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,BACTERIAL ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WHO,DIARRHOEAL DIS CONTROL PROGRAMME,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP GLASS, RI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT G04,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 28 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8770 BP 791 EP 795 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90673-D PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GG979 UT WOS:A1991GG97900012 PM 1681168 ER PT J AU BELONGIA, EA GOODMAN, JL HOLLAND, EJ ANDRES, CW HOMANN, SR MAHANTI, RL MIZENER, MW ERICE, A OSTERHOLM, MT AF BELONGIA, EA GOODMAN, JL HOLLAND, EJ ANDRES, CW HOMANN, SR MAHANTI, RL MIZENER, MW ERICE, A OSTERHOLM, MT TI AN OUTBREAK OF HERPES-GLADIATORUM AT A HIGH-SCHOOL WRESTLING CAMP SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1 AB Background and Methods. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been identified as a cause of cutaneous or ocular infection among athletes involved in contact sports; in this context it is known as herpes gladiatorum. In July 1989, we investigated an outbreak among 175 high-school wrestlers attending a four-week intensive-training camp. Cases of infection were identified by review of medical records, interview and examination of the wrestlers, and culture of skin lesions. Oropharyngeal swabs were obtained for HSV-1 culture, and serum samples for HSV-1 serologic studies. HSV-1 isolates were compared by restriction-endonuclease analysis. Results. HSV-1 infection was diagnosed in 60 wrestlers (34 percent). The lesions were on the head in 73 percent of the wrestlers, the extremities in 42 percent, and the trunk in 28 percent. HSV-1 was isolated from 21 wrestlers (35 percent), and in 39 (65 percent) infection was identified by clinical criteria. Five had conjunctivitis or blepharitis; none had keratitis. Constitutional symptoms were common, including fever (25 percent), chills (27 percent), sore throat (40 percent), and headache (22 percent). The attack rate varied significantly among the three practice groups, ranging from 25 percent for practice group 1 (lightweights) to 67 percent for group 3 (heavyweights). Restriction-endonuclease analysis identified four strains of HSV-1 among the 21 isolates. All 10 isolates from practice group 3 were identical (strain A), and 5 of 7 isolates from practice group 2 (middleweights) were identical (strain B), which suggested concurrent transmission of different strains within different groups. HSV-1 was not isolated from any oropharyngeal swabs. Conclusions. Herpes gladiatorum may cause substantial morbidity among wrestlers, and it is primarily transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact. Prompt identification and exclusion of wrestlers with skin lesions may reduce transmission. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 SE DELAWARE ST,BOX 9441,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MINNESOTA HOSP & CLIN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 10 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 26 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 13 BP 906 EP 910 DI 10.1056/NEJM199109263251302 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GF856 UT WOS:A1991GF85600002 PM 1652687 ER PT J AU BRAUN, MM TEUTSCH, SM AF BRAUN, MM TEUTSCH, SM TI MEASUREMENT OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AS A SCREENING-TEST FOR PROSTATE-CANCER SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP BRAUN, MM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 26 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 13 BP 964 EP 964 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GF856 UT WOS:A1991GF85600014 ER PT J AU SUTTER, RW PATRIARCA, PA BROGAN, S MALANKAR, PG PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM BASS, AG COCHI, SL ALEXANDER, JP HALL, DB SULEIMAN, AJM ALGHASSANY, AAK ELBUALY, MS AF SUTTER, RW PATRIARCA, PA BROGAN, S MALANKAR, PG PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM BASS, AG COCHI, SL ALEXANDER, JP HALL, DB SULEIMAN, AJM ALGHASSANY, AAK ELBUALY, MS TI OUTBREAK OF PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS IN OMAN - EVIDENCE FOR WIDESPREAD TRANSMISSION AMONG FULLY VACCINATED CHILDREN SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB From January, 1988, to March, 1989, a widespread outbreak (118 cases) of poliomyelitis type 1 occurred in Oman. Incidence of paralytic disease was highest in children younger than 2 years (87/100 000) despite an immunisation programme that recently had raised coverage with 3 doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) among 12-month-old children from 67% to 87%. We did a case-control study (70 case-patients, 692 age-matched controls) to estimate the clinical efficacy of OPV, assessed the immunogenicity of OPV and extent of poliovirus spread by serology, retrospectively evaluated the cold chain and vaccine potency, and sought the origin of the outbreak strain by genomic sequencing. 3 doses of OPV reduced the risk of paralysis by 91%; vaccine failures could not be explained by failures in the cold chain nor on suboptimum vaccine potency. Cases and controls had virtually identical type 1 neutralising antibody profiles, suggesting that poliovirus type 1 circulation was widespread. Genomic sequencing indicated that the outbreak strain had been recently imported from South Asia and was distinguishable from isolates indigenous to the Middle East. Accumulation of enough children to sustain the outbreak seems to have been due to previous success of the immunisation programme in reducing spread of endemic strains, suboptimum efficacy of OPV, and delay in completing the primary immunisation series until 7 months of age. Additionally, the estimated attack rate of infection among children aged 9-23 months exceeded 25% in some regions, suggesting that a substantial proportion of fully vaccinated children had been involved in the chain of transmission. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNICEF,MASQAT,OMAN. WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNISAT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. MINIST HLTH,MASQAT,OMAN. RP SUTTER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNISAT E05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 21 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8769 BP 715 EP 720 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91442-W PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GG104 UT WOS:A1991GG10400003 PM 1679866 ER PT J AU PILTINGSRUD, HV AF PILTINGSRUD, HV TI CO2-LASER FOR LIDAR APPLICATIONS, PRODUCING 2 NARROWLY SPACED INDEPENDENTLY WAVELENGTH-SELECTABLE Q-SWITCHED OUTPUT PULSES SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE CO2 LASER; Q-SWITCH; LIDAR ID TEA LASER AB In this research directed toward using lidar methods for mapping concentrations of a variety of hazardous gases and vapors in an indoor workplace, a need was identified for a CO2 laser that would meet certain special requirements, including an ability to produce 50-100-ns FWHM pulses in pulse pairs having interpulse spacings of 5-100-mu-s with each pulse of the pair being independently wavelength selectable. A laser was constructed with a low-pressure CO2 amplifier section because of CO2's long upper lasing level lifetime (> 60-mu-s). This permitted the Q switching of two output pulses from a single laser amplifier electrical transverse discharge pulse, while allowing several microseconds for wavelength changing between pulses. An intracavity beam telescope was employed to use the amplifier discharge cavity cross section efficiently with the small CdTe Q-switch crystals available. A 1200-Hz oscillating grating with a high-resolution grating position sensor was used to change and reprogram wavelengths rapidly. Programming of wavelengths was accomplished by selecting appropriate delay times from the grating position reference signal for triggering the laser amplifier and the Q switch. Most of the basic performance goals of the device were achieved in the laboratory prototype. RP PILTINGSRUD, HV (reprint author), NIOSH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 20 PY 1991 VL 30 IS 27 BP 3952 EP 3963 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA GJ124 UT WOS:A1991GJ12400030 PM 20706487 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI HEPATITIS-C - A SLEEPING GIANT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; NON-A; UNITED-STATES; VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK; ANTIBODIES; BLOOD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE AB In the United States, non-A, non-B hepatitis accounts for 20-40% of acute viral hepatitis. Although it has traditionally been considered a transfusion-associated disease, non-A, non-B hepatitis is more likely to occur outside the transfusion setting. Surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control show that in 1988 6% of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis reported a history of blood transfusion, 46% parenteral drug use, 10% household or sexual exposure to a contact who had had hepatitis or exposure to multiple sex partners, 2% medical or dental employment involving frequent blood contact, < 1% hemodialysis, and 40% no known source. Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is found in the majority of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis independent of the source of infection; however, antibody may not appear for 6 to 9 months after exposure or onset of illness. Limited serologic studies of the prevalence of anti-HCV in various population groups have found high anti-HCV rates (50-80%) in parenteral drug users and hemophiliacs, intermediate rates among the sexually active (5-15%), and low rates among health care workers (1%). In persons with acute or chronic hepatitis C, the presence of anti-HCV appears to indicate infectivity. Persons with no history of hepatitis who are anti-HCV positive may or may not be infectious. More sensitive and specific markers for the detection of hepatitis C virus will be needed to resolve this question. RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S112 EP S115 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90354-Z PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300021 PM 1656745 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LJ AF ANDERSON, LJ TI MAJOR TRENDS IN NOSOCOMIAL VIRAL-INFECTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CARBON-DIOXIDE LASER; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; RISK; PAPILLOMAVIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; INFANTS; DISEASE AB Viruses have recently become appreciated as nosocomial pathogens. There is insufficient data to characterize trends in rates of viral nosocomial infections, but there have been major trends in methodologies and concepts. New groups of patients, such as infants and the elderly, are becoming appreciated as being at risk for serious nosocomial viral infections, whereas other groups, such as immunodeficient patients are expanding because of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and expanded use of immunosuppressive treatment. The continued addition of new viruses, such as HIV, human parvovirus B19, and rabies virus, to the list of potential nosocomial pathogens suggest that most human viruses can probably be serious nosocomial pathogens under the right circumstances. Advances in medical treatments and procedures, such as cadaveric dura mater grafts and laser treatment of warts, have provided new avenues for nosocomial transmission of viruses. Improved and wider availability of diagnostics promises to be a major force in improving our understanding and ability to prevent viral nosocomial infections. With these advances, viral diagnostic laboratories should become an important member of the infection control team. In parallel with trends in methodologies and concepts, there have been major advances in our understanding of ways to prevent some nosocomial viral infections. Application of these prevention measures is an important challenge to the infection control practitioner. RP ANDERSON, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUSES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S107 EP S111 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90353-Y PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300020 PM 1928151 ER PT J AU ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE ADAMS, NC SEASTROM, GR AF ATKINSON, WL MARKOWITZ, LE ADAMS, NC SEASTROM, GR TI TRANSMISSION OF MEASLES IN MEDICAL SETTINGS - UNITED-STATES, 1985-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID GUIDELINE; INFECTION AB Measles cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control from 1985 to 1989 were analyzed to determine the characteristics of measles cases transmitted in medical settings. A total of 1,209 medical setting cases were identified, which represented 3.5% of all reported cases. Of medical setting cases, 66% (795) were in known or presumed patients and 28% (341) were in health care workers. The largest groups of health care workers with measles were nurses (101, 29.6%) and physicians (65, 19.1%). Health care workers acquired measles from patients (90.6%) and other health care workers (9.4%), and transmitted measles to patients, other health care workers, and family members. Of 333 (97.7%) health care workers with known measles vaccination status, 232 (68.0%) were eligible for vaccine; only 46 (19.8%) had received a documented dose. Twenty-nine percent of health care workers with measles were born before 1957, older than the age for routine measles vaccination. The relative risk of measles for physicians and nurses was 8.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6, 10.8) and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.8, 2.7) respectively, compared with nonhealth care workers of the same ages. In 1989 the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) recommended that health care workers be required to document two doses of measles vaccine or other evidence of measles immunity at the time of employment. Implementation of ACIP recommendations for health care workers and appropriate isolation precautions for known and suspected patients with measles could reduce the transmission of measles in medical settings. RP ATKINSON, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,TECH INFORMAT SERV EO6,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S320 EP S324 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90389-F PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300056 PM 1928187 ER PT J AU BANERJEE, SN EMORI, TG CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP JARVIS, WR HORAN, T EDWARDS, JR TOLSON, J HENDERSON, T MARTONE, WJ AF BANERJEE, SN EMORI, TG CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP JARVIS, WR HORAN, T EDWARDS, JR TOLSON, J HENDERSON, T MARTONE, WJ TI SECULAR TRENDS IN NOSOCOMIAL PRIMARY BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1980-1989 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID BACTEREMIA; MORTALITY AB More than 25,000 primary bloodstream infections (BSIs) were identified by 124 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals performing hospital-wide surveillance during the 10-year period 1980-1989. These hospitals reported 6,729 hospital-months of data, during which time approximately 9 million patients were discharged. BSI rates by hospital stratum (based on bed size and teaching affiliation) and pathogen groups were calculated. In 1989, the overall BSI rates for small (< 200 beds) nonteaching, large nonteaching, small (< 500 beds) teaching, and large teaching hospitals were 1.3, 2.5, 3.8, and 6.5 BSIs per 1,000 discharges, respectively. Over the period 1980-1989, significant increases (p < 0.0001) were observed within each hospital stratum, in the overall BSI rate and the BSI rate due to each of the following pathogen groups: coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and Candida species. In contrast, the BSI rate due to gram-negative bacilli remained stable over the decade, in all strata. Except for small nonteaching hospitals, the greatest increase in BSI rates was observed in coagulase-negative staphylococci (the percentage increase ranged between 424% and 754%), followed by Candida species (219-487%). In small nonteaching hospitals, the greatest increase was for S. aureus (283%), followed by enterococci (169%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (161%). Our analysis documents the emergence over the last decade of coagulase-negative staphylococci as one of the most frequently occurring pathogens in BSI. RP BANERJEE, SN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 323 Z9 330 U1 0 U2 5 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S86 EP S89 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90349-3 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300016 PM 1928197 ER PT J AU BELL, DM AF BELL, DM TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TRANSMISSION IN HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS - RISK AND RISK REDUCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID HIV-ANTIBODY; DENTAL PROFESSIONALS; INFECTED PATIENTS; HTLV-III/LAV; HEMODIALYSIS; BLOOD; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SURGEON; DENTISTS AB Surveillance data and case reports document that health care workers (HCWs) risk occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Transmission of HIV to patients of an infected HCW during invasive procedures has also been reported. The risk to a susceptible HCW depends on the prevalence of HIV infection among patients, the nature and frequency of occupational blood exposures, and the risk of transmission per exposure. Blood exposure rates vary by occupation, by procedure, and by compliance with preventive measures. Future efforts to protect both HCWs and patients must include improved surveillance, risk assessment, study of postexposure prophylaxis, and an emphasis on exposure prevention, including development of safer medical devices, work practices, and personal protective equipment that are acceptable to HCWs and do not adversely affect patient care. RP BELL, DM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,AIDS ACT,MAIL CODE A-07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S294 EP S300 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90385-B PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300052 PM 1928181 ER PT J AU CARSON, LA ANDERSON, RL PANLILIO, AL BECKSAGUE, CM MILLER, JM AF CARSON, LA ANDERSON, RL PANLILIO, AL BECKSAGUE, CM MILLER, JM TI ISOENZYME ANALYSIS OF PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA AS AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC TOOL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID POPULATION-GENETICS; INFECTIONS AB Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis has successfully been used to establish basic marker systems for the epidemiologic analysis of a variety of bacterial pathogens. This study was done to determine the efficacy of this technique for characterizing Pseudomonas cepacia, using 31 known-related strains isolated during an outbreak of infections involving intrinsically contaminated povidone-iodine solution, and five outbreak-unrelated strains used in serotyping of P. cepacia. Crude cell extracts were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis for electrophoretic variants using 13 enzyme substrates; esterase bands were detected using an additional four substrates. The 31 outbreak strains had identical isoenzyme patterns for all enzymes examined. Five electrophoretic types were obtained for the serotyping strains; electrophoretic mobilities of one of the five strains corresponded to the patterns obtained for the outbreak strains. These results suggest that enzyme electrophoretic typing may be a useful adjunct to other typing methods used in epidemiologic analyses of P. cepacia infections. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CARSON, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM CTR,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S252 EP S255 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90377-A PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300044 PM 1718161 ER PT J AU CULVER, DH HORAN, TC GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ JARVIS, WR EMORI, TG BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS HUGHES, JM AF CULVER, DH HORAN, TC GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ JARVIS, WR EMORI, TG BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS HUGHES, JM TI SURGICAL WOUND-INFECTION RATES BY WOUND CLASS, OPERATIVE PROCEDURE, AND PATIENT RISK INDEX SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; PHYSICAL STATUS; SURVEILLANCE AB To perform a valid comparison of rates among surgeons, among hospitals, or across time, surgical wound infection (SWI) rates must account for the variation in patients' underlying severity of illness and other important risk factors. From January 1987 through December 1990, 44 National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals reported data collected under the detailed option of the surgical patient surveillance component protocol, which includes definitions of eligible patients, operations, and nosocomial infections. Pooled mean SWI rates (number of infections per 100 operations) within each of the categories of the traditional wound classification system were 2.1, 3.3, 6.4, and 7.1, respectively. A risk index was developed to predict a surgical patient's risk of acquiring an SWI. The risk index score, ranging from 0 to 3, is the number of risk factors present among the following: (1) a patient with an American Society of Anesthesiologists pre-operative assessment score of 3, 4, or 5, (2) an operation classified as contaminated or dirty-infected, and (3) an operation lasting over T hours, where T depends upon the operative procedure being performed. The SWI rates for patients with scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 1.5, 2.9, 6.8, and 13.0, respectively. The risk index is a significantly better predictor of SWI risk than the traditional wound classification system and performs well across a broad range of operative procedures. RP CULVER, DH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM A07,BLDG 3,RM B15,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 421 Z9 434 U1 0 U2 8 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S152 EP S157 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90361-Z PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300028 PM 1656747 ER PT J AU EMORI, TG BANERJEE, SN CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP HORAN, TC EDWARDS, JR JARVIS, WR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS MARTONE, WJ HUGHES, JM AF EMORI, TG BANERJEE, SN CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP HORAN, TC EDWARDS, JR JARVIS, WR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS MARTONE, WJ HUGHES, JM TI NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1986-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID RISK AB We analyzed 101,479 nosocomial infections in 75,398 adult patients (greater-than-or-equal-to 15 years) that were reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system between 1986 and 1990 by 89 hospitals using the NNIS hospital-wide surveillance component. Overall, 54% of the infections occurred in elderly patients (greater-than-or-equal-to 65 years). In the elderly, 44% of the infections were urinary tract infections (UTIs), 18% were pneumonias, 11% were surgical wound infections (SWIs), 8% were bloodstream infections (BSIs), and the remainder were infections at other sites. When we compared the infections in elderly patients with those in younger adult patients, ages 15 to 64 years, a far greater percentage of the infections in elderly patients were UTIs, and there were more pneumonias than SWIs. Elderly and younger patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia were about 1.5 times more likely to develop a secondary BSI than those with pneumonia not associated with ventilator use. When the pathogens isolated from the infections were compared to those reported to the NNIS system in 1984, the percentage that were coagulase-negative staphylococci had increased in both elderly and younger patients. The patient died in 12% of all of the infections. Surveillance personnel reported that 54% of the infections in elderly infected patients who died were related to death compared with 59% in younger infected patients who died. When the infection was related to the patient's death, it was most often pneumonia or a BSI. The risk of an infection-related death was significantly higher when the infected patient developed a secondary BSI. Infection prevention efforts should target infections that occur frequently, are amenable to intervention, and have an adverse outcome. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EMORI, TG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S289 EP S293 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90384-A PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300051 PM 1928180 ER PT J AU GAYNES, RP CULVER, DH EMORI, TG HORAN, TC BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR JARVIS, WR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS HUGHES, JM MARTONE, WJ AF GAYNES, RP CULVER, DH EMORI, TG HORAN, TC BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR JARVIS, WR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS HUGHES, JM MARTONE, WJ TI THE NATIONAL NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM - PLANS FOR THE 1990S AND BEYOND SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System is an ongoing collaborative surveillance system among the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and United States hospitals to obtain national data on nosocomial infections. This system provides comparative data for hospitals and can be used to identify changes in infection sites, risk factors, and pathogens, and develop efficient surveillance methods. Data are collected prospectively using four surveillance components: hospital-wide, intensive care unit, high-risk nursery, and surgical patient. The limitations of NNIS data include the variability in case-finding methods, infrequency or unavailability of culturing, and lack of consistent methods for post-discharge surveillance. Future plans include more routine feedback of data, studies on the validity of NNIS data, new components, a NNIS consultant group, and more rapid data exchange with NNIS hospitals. Increasing the number of NNIS hospitals and cooperating with other agencies to exchange data may allow NNIS data to be used better for generating benchmark nosocomial infection rates. The NNIS system will continue to evolve as it seeks to find more effective and efficient ways to measure the nosocomial infection experience and assess the influence of patient risk, changes in the delivery of hospital care, and changes in infection control practices on these measures. RP GAYNES, RP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM A07,BLDG 3,ROOM B16A,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S116 EP S120 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90355-2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300022 PM 1656746 ER PT J AU GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ CULVER, DH EMORI, TG HORAN, TC BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR JARVIS, WR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS HUGHES, JM AF GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ CULVER, DH EMORI, TG HORAN, TC BANERJEE, SN EDWARDS, JR JARVIS, WR TOLSON, JS HENDERSON, TS HUGHES, JM TI COMPARISON OF RATES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL AB To determine nosocomial infection (NI) rates among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) that are useful for interhospital comparison, we analyzed data reported in 1986-1990 from 35 hospitals that have level III NICUs and used standard National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance protocols and NI site definitions. Overall rates of NI were calculated as the number of NI per 100 patients (overall NI patient rates) or the number of NI per 1,000 NICU patient-days (overall NI patient-day rates). A strong positive association was found between overall NI patient rates and the neonates' average length of stay, a marker for duration of exposure to important risk factors. No correlation was found between overall NI patient-day rates and average length of stay. However, a strong positive correlation between overall NI patient-day rates and a measure of device utilization (total device-days/total patient-days x 100) was found. Additionally, a positive correlation between overall NI patient rates and device utilization was found. Stratification among the three birthweight groups (< 1,500 g, 1,500-2,500 g, > 2,500 g) did not eliminate the need to control for variations in these factors among NICUs. Device-associated, device-day infection rates, calculated as the number of umbilical or central line-associated blood-stream infections pr 1,000 umbilical or central line-days and the number of ventilator-associated pneumonias per 1,000 ventilator days, were not correlated with a unit's site-specific device utilization. These data suggest that calculation of device-associated NI rates in NICUs using device-days as the denominator helps to control for the duration of exposure to the primary risk factor and will be more meaningful for purposes of interhospital comparison. RP GAYNES, RP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM A07,BLDG 3,ROOM B16A,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S192 EP S196 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90368-8 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300035 PM 1928164 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR EDWARDS, JR CULVER, DH HUGHES, JM HORAN, T EMORI, TG BANERJEE, S TOLSON, J HENDERSON, T GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ AF JARVIS, WR EDWARDS, JR CULVER, DH HUGHES, JM HORAN, T EMORI, TG BANERJEE, S TOLSON, J HENDERSON, T GAYNES, RP MARTONE, WJ TI NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION-RATES IN ADULT AND PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID HIGH-RISK; GUIDELINE; SEVERITY; ILLNESS; SYSTEM AB To determine which intensive care unit (ICU) infection rate may be best for inter-hospital and intrahospital comparisons and to assess the influence of invasive devices and type of ICU on infection rates, we analyzed data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. From October 1986 to December 1990, 79 hospitals reported 2,334 hospital-months of data from 196 hospital units. The median overall infection rate was 9.2 infections per 100 patients. However, this infection rate had a strong positive correlation with average length of ICU stay (r = 0.60, p < 0.0001). When patient-days was used in the denominator, the median overall nosocomial infection rate was 23.7 infections per 1,000 patient-days. Although there was a marked reduction in the correlation with average length of stay, this rate had a strong positive correlation with device utilization (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001). To attempt to control for average length of stay and device utilization, we examined device-associated nosocomial infection rates. Central line-associated bloodstream infection rates, catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates, and ventilator-associated pneumonia rates varied by ICU type. The distributions of device-associated infection rates were different between some ICU types and were not different between others (coronary and medical ICUs or medical-surgical and surgical ICUs). Comparison of device-associated infection rates and overall device utilization identified hospital units with outlier infection rates or device utilization. These data show that: (1) choice of denominator is critical when calculating ICU infection rates; (2) device-associated infection rates vary by ICU type; and (3) intrahospital and interhospital comparison of ICU infection rates may best be made by comparing ICU-type specific, device-associated infection rates. RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 175 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S185 EP S191 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90367-7 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300034 PM 1928163 ER PT J AU JARVIS, WR AF JARVIS, WR TI NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAKS - THE-CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROLS HOSPITAL INFECTIONS PROGRAM EXPERIENCE, 1980-1990 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; CONTAMINATION; IODINE AB From January 1980 to July 1990, the Hospital Infections Program of the Centers for Disease Control conducted 125 on-site epidemiologic investigations of nosocomial outbreaks. Seventy-seven (62%) were caused by bacterial pathogens, 11 (9%) were caused by fungi, 10 (8%) were caused by viruses, five (4%) were caused by mycobacteria, and 22 (18%) were caused by toxins or other organisms. The majority of fungi and mycobacterial outbreaks occurred since July 1985. Fourteen (11%) outbreaks were device related, 16 (13%) were procedure related, and 28 (22%) were product related. The proportion of outbreaks involving products, procedures, or devices increased from 47% during 1980-1985 to 67% between 1986 and July 1990. Recent outbreaks have shown that packed red blood cell transfusion-associated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis results from contamination of the blood by the asymptomatic donor; that povidone-iodine solutions can become intrinsically contaminated and cause outbreaks of infection and/or pseudoinfection; and that rapidly growing mycobacteria can cause chronic otitis media, surgical wound infection, and hemodialysis-associated infections. These and other outbreaks demonstrate how epidemiologic and laboratory investigations can be combined to identify new pathogens and sources of infection and ultimately result in disease prevention. RP JARVIS, WR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S101 EP S106 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90352-X PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300019 PM 1656744 ER PT J AU MARTONE, WJ GARNER, JS DUMA, RJ AF MARTONE, WJ GARNER, JS DUMA, RJ TI PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL-CONFERENCE ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS HELD IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 31 - AUGUST 3, 1990 - INTRODUCTION - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PROGRESS IN THE 1980S - PLANS FOR THE 1990S SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DIV INFECT DIS,RICHMOND,VA 23298. NATL FDN INFECT DIS,BETHESDA,MD. RP MARTONE, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM A07,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S1 EP S2 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90334-T PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300001 ER PT J AU MARTONE, WJ AF MARTONE, WJ TI YEAR 2000 OBJECTIVES FOR PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - HOW DO WE GET THERE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID SURVEILLANCE; SEVERITY; ILLNESS AB In the late 1970s, the United States Public Health Service (PHS), in collaboration with public and private sector individuals and organizations, for the first time formulated national objectives for the prevention and control of disease. The PHS Year 1990 Objectives and Year 2000 Objectives both contain plans for preventing and controlling nosocomial infections. The Year 2000 Objectives contain goals for reducing infections that have been judged achievable, using existing prevention and control strategies. The specific Year 2000 Objectives targeting nosocomial infections can be divided into two categories: a) protecting the health care worker and b) protecting the patient. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration will play a major role in the upcoming decade in attaining the health care worker objectives. Reductions in patient nosocomial infections focus on surgical wound infections and infections in intensive care patients. Considerable work needs to be done in developing suitable nosocomial infection rate measures that adjust for patient case mix in order to assess progress toward achieving the objectives. Educational efforts targeted at entry-level health care providers and hospital epidemiologists must be strengthened. Government agencies, academic centers, industry, and professional organizations each have unique strengths and talents that can be collectively brought to bear on the problem. RP MARTONE, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM A07,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S39 EP S43 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90342-U PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300009 PM 1928190 ER PT J AU PEGUES, DA SHIRELEY, LA RIDDLE, CF ANDERSON, RL VESS, RW HILL, BC JARVIS, WR AF PEGUES, DA SHIRELEY, LA RIDDLE, CF ANDERSON, RL VESS, RW HILL, BC JARVIS, WR TI SERRATIA-MARCESCENS SURGICAL WOUND-INFECTION FOLLOWING BREAST RECONSTRUCTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID SUBCUTANEOUS MASTECTOMY; MAMMARY PROSTHESIS; IMPLANTS; EXPANDER AB Surgical wound infections due to gram-negative bacilli have been rarely reported following breast implant surgery. From April to November 1989, four patients from one plastic surgeon's practice developed Serratia marcescens surgical wound infection (SWI) following breast reconstruction procedures with implantation of six expandable mammary implants. All six implants were removed for unabated S. marcescens SWI. Symptoms developed 13-161 days (median, 66 days) after surgery. When compared with nonexpandable silicone breast implants used during the period November 1, 1988 to October 31, 1989, expandable implants were associated with a greater risk of S. marcescens SWI (4/10 versus 0/11 patients, p = 0.04). Epidemiologic studies revealed that infection was associated with saline expansion of the implants performed in the surgeon's office. S. marcescens was cultured from a bag of commercial saline used on at least two of the four patients with SWI; the isolate from the saline and the three available patient isolates had identical serotype (O-undetermined:H4) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Review of office procedures revealed that hands were not routinely washed before and aseptic technique was not used during the expansion procedure. Cultures of unopened bags of saline and an unused expandable implant were sterile. We hypothesize that multiple use of saline bags and nonsterile expansion technique extrinsically contaminated saline solutions and resulted in implant and/or surgical site infection. This investigation underscores the importance of avoiding multiple use of solutions intended for single use and of using aseptic technique when manipulating prosthetic devices. C1 N DAKOTA STATE DEPT HLTH & CONSOLIDATED LABS,BISMARCK,ND. RP PEGUES, DA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP A07,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S173 EP S178 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90365-5 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300032 PM 1928161 ER PT J AU RICHET, HM CHIDIAC, C PRAT, A POL, A DAVID, M MACCARIO, M CORMIER, P BERNARD, E JARVIS, WR AF RICHET, HM CHIDIAC, C PRAT, A POL, A DAVID, M MACCARIO, M CORMIER, P BERNARD, E JARVIS, WR TI ANALYSIS OF RISK-FACTORS FOR SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS FOLLOWING VASCULAR-SURGERY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS AB Although surgical wound infections (SWI) following implantation of prosthetic devices can be catastrophic and often require removal of the prosthesis, few studies have identified risk factors for these infections. We conducted a prospective multicenter study to identify risk factors for SWI. Of 561 vascular surgery patients enrolled in the study, 23 (4.1%) developed SWI. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression analyses identified surgery on lower extremities, delayed surgery, diabetes mellitus, past history of vascular surgery, and short antimicrobial prophylaxis (three doses of cefamandole) as independent risk factors for SWI. Consequences of SWI were serious; two (9%) died, 11 (48%) required reoperation, and five (22%) had their prosthesis removed. A risk index was developed using the independent risk factors for SWI identified by logistic regression analyses. When no risk factors were present, no SWI was observed (0 of 100), and the rate of SWI increased from 2.5% when one risk factor was present to 53.8% (7 of 13) when greater-than-or-equal-to 4 risk factors were present. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GRP ETUD & RECH ANTIBIOPROPHYLAXIE,NICE,FRANCE. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S170 EP S172 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90364-4 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300031 PM 1928160 ER PT J AU SCHABERG, DR CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP AF SCHABERG, DR CULVER, DH GAYNES, RP TI MAJOR TRENDS IN THE MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; UNITED-STATES AB To determine trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infections in the 1980s, surveillance data on the microbiology of documented nosocomial infection reported to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System and from the University of Michigan Hospital were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility data on selected pathogens from both sources were also reviewed. Overall, Escherichia coli decreased from 23% of infections in 1980 to 16% in 1986-1989, Klebsiella pneumoniae dropped from 7% to 5%, whereas coagulase negative staphylococci increased from 4% to 9% and Candida albicans increased from 2% to 5%. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species and enterococci had minor increases, but antimicrobial resistant strains for these pathogens as well as coagulase-negative staphylococci were seen more frequently. In contrast to the 1970s, major shifts in the etiology of nosocomial infection have occurred in the decade of the 1980s. Taken as a whole, the shifts are away from more easily treated pathogens toward more resistant pathogens with fewer options for therapy. These shifts underscore the continued need for prevention and control to accompany new developments in therapy. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,VET ADM MED CTR,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SCHABERG, DR (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,3110 TAUBMAN CTR,BOX 0368,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. NR 11 TC 380 Z9 398 U1 0 U2 8 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S72 EP S75 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90346-Y PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300013 PM 1928195 ER PT J AU TENOVER, FC AF TENOVER, FC TI NOVEL AND EMERGING MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3RD DECENNIAL INTERNATIONAL CONF ON NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS - PREVENTING NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS : PROGRESS IN THE 1980S ; PLANS FOR THE 1990S CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP NATL FDN INFECTIOUS DIS, CTR DIS CONTROL ID BROAD-SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; PLASMID-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; TRANSFERABLE ENZYMATIC RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS INFECTIONS; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; BETA-LACTAMASE GENE; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; 3RD-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS AB Nosocomial pathogens frequently are resistant to antimicrobial agents. Although methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus continue to be a major problem in many hospitals, several new types of resistance determinants have been noted among organisms causing hospital-acquired infections. The mechanisms include extended spectrum beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacilli; resistance to beta-lactams, glycopeptides, and high levels of aminoglycosides among enterococci; quinolone resistance in isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus; and the spread of multiple resistance genes simultaneously in gram-negative organisms via Tn21-related genetic elements. These novel mechanisms of resistance complicate the treatment of nosocomial infections by limiting the number of effective antimicrobial agents available to the clinician. It is important for infection control practitioners and microbiologists to work together to detect and control the spread of resistant pathogens in the hospital setting. RP TENOVER, FC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ANTIMICROB INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD SEP 16 PY 1991 VL 91 SU 3B BP S76 EP S81 DI 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90347-Z PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GH803 UT WOS:A1991GH80300014 PM 1656749 ER PT J AU COATES, RJ ELEY, JW BLOCK, G GUNTER, EW SOWELL, AL GROSSMAN, C GREENBERG, RS AF COATES, RJ ELEY, JW BLOCK, G GUNTER, EW SOWELL, AL GROSSMAN, C GREENBERG, RS TI AN EVALUATION OF A FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ASSESSING DIETARY-INTAKE OF SPECIFIC CAROTENOIDS AND VITAMIN-E AMONG LOW-INCOME BLACK-WOMEN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; CAROTENE; CAROTENOIDS; DIET; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; QUESTIONNAIRES; SMOKING; VITAMIN-E ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL LEVELS; BETA-CAROTENE; PLASMA RETINOL; DETERMINANTS; CHOLESTEROL; METABOLISM; SMOKING; ADULTS AB The National Cancer Institute diet questionnaire was evaluated for use in a low-income black population. Data were collected from 91 women aged 30-69 years who were hospital outpatients in Atlanta, Georgia, June through August, 1988. Six ethnic and regional foods added to the questionnaire were found to be important contributors to intakes of several nutrients. Although 17 records were identified as containing probable recording or reporting errors, intakes of carotenes, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, and vitamin E were significantly and positively associated with serum levels of their referent nutrients. Among nonsmokers, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 to 0.45, adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol and calorie intakes, medications and vitamin supplement use, and serum cholesterol and triglycerides. When questionnaires containing identified errors were omitted, correlations ranged from 0.30 to 0.54. There were no correlations between dietary intakes of lycopene and lutein and blood levels (-0.06 to 0.09). Among smokers, diet-serum correlations were reduced (0.00 to 0.32). These correlations are similar to those reported in research on vitamin E and carotenoids in other populations. These results suggest that the questionnaire is as valid for use in this population as it is in other populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NCI,DIV CANC PREVENT & CONTROL,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,HANES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COATES, RJ (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. RI Block, Gladys/E-3304-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA17998-15] NR 38 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 6 BP 658 EP 671 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GL646 UT WOS:A1991GL64600011 PM 1951269 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ JAMES, LM LYNBERG, MC AF KHOURY, MJ JAMES, LM LYNBERG, MC TI QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS OF ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BIRTH-DEFECTS AND SUSPECTED HUMAN TERATOGENS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; CONGENITAL; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS ID MATERNAL COCAINE USE; PREGNANCY; EMBRYOPATHY; MALFORMATIONS AB Case series of infants with certain birth defect patterns and putative teratogenic exposures should be interpreted with caution since the presence of birth defects and the exposure among the same infants could be entirely due to chance. In the absence of other epidemiologic data, the plausibility for a causal association is strengthened by 1) rarity of the defect pattern, 2) rarity of the exposure in the population, 3) small source population, 4) short time period for the study, and 5) biologic plausibility for the association. These concepts are illustrated using case reports of putative teratogenicity of cocaine and etretinate. In the presence of epidemiologic data, the concept of attributable fraction in exposed (AFE) can be used to evaluate the likelihood that the defect pattern among infants with a particular exposure is attributable to the exposure. This quantity is related to the strength of the epidemiologic association between the defect pattern and the exposure, as measured in terms of relative risk R (or odds ratio), and is equal to (R-1)/R. Even for strong teratogens such as maternal diabetes and isotretinoin, where R is about 7, in more than 14% (1-AFE) of exposed infants with birth defects, the pattern of defects is not attributable to the exposure. Furthermore, AFE can be used to "correct" crude measures of sensitivity (the proportion of exposed malformed infants with a defect pattern attributable to the exposure) and positive predictive value (the proportion of malformed infants who have the exposure and have the defect pattern attributable to the exposure). These concepts can be useful adjuncts to the quantitative evaluation of patterns of birth defects associated with suspected human teratogens. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 40 IS 4 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320400426 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GC928 UT WOS:A1991GC92800025 PM 1746618 ER PT J AU STAHL, CP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D EVATT, BL WINTON, EF AF STAHL, CP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D EVATT, BL WINTON, EF TI EFFECTS OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6 ON MEGAKARYOCYTE DEVELOPMENT AND THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS IN PRIMATES SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID ABNORMAL PLATELET COUNTS; BONE-MARROW; PLOIDY; INVIVO; MOUSE; MICE; CELL; THROMBOPOIESIS; DISTRIBUTIONS; STIMULATION C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP STAHL, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01HL42103]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK12274] NR 36 TC 95 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1467 EP 1475 PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GF444 UT WOS:A1991GF44400011 PM 1884016 ER PT J AU COCKERELL, GL WEISER, MG ROVNAK, J WICKSBEARD, B ROBERTS, B POST, A CHEN, ISY LAIRMORE, MD AF COCKERELL, GL WEISER, MG ROVNAK, J WICKSBEARD, B ROBERTS, B POST, A CHEN, ISY LAIRMORE, MD TI INFECTIOUS TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-II IN RABBITS SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-I; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIBODY REACTIVITY; GENE; RETROVIRUSES; PATTERNS; PROTEIN; SUBTYPE; GENOME C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. RP COCKERELL, GL (reprint author), COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523, USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1537 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA GF444 UT WOS:A1991GF44400019 PM 1832059 ER PT J AU POTISCHMAN, N BRINTON, LA LAIMING, VA REEVES, WC BRENES, MM HERRERO, R TENORIO, F DEBRITTON, RC GAITAN, E AF POTISCHMAN, N BRINTON, LA LAIMING, VA REEVES, WC BRENES, MM HERRERO, R TENORIO, F DEBRITTON, RC GAITAN, E TI A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF SERUM FOLATE LEVELS AND INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE THERAPY; LATIN-AMERICA; FOLIC-ACID; RISK; WOMEN; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; METABOLISM; DYSPLASIA AB Although small intervention trials have suggested that folate supplementation reduces cervical dysplasia, the association of blood folate concentrations with invasive cervical cancer risk has not been investigated in well-controlled epidemiological studies. A study was conducted with newly diagnosed Stage I and II invasive cervical cancer cases and controls in 4 Latin American countries. Ninety-five % of subjects donated blood samples, resulting in 330 case and 565 control serum samples analyzed for folate concentrations by radioassay. Cases did not differ significantly from controls in mean levels of folate (5.00 and 4.90 ng/ml, respectively). No associations were observed between quartiles of serum folate and risk of cervical cancer after adjustment for other risk factors, and no interactions with established risk factors were observed. Folate levels were also unrelated to risk among women who might have compromised folate status because of recent or extended oral contraceptive usage or multiple pregnancies. Further, mean levels of folate were similar by stage of disease, arguing against an effect of disease progression on serum values. These results do not support a role for serum folate in the etiology of invasive cervical cancer. C1 MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,BETHESDA,MD 20016. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GORGAS MEM LAB,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. CAJA COSTARRICENSE SEGURO SOCIAL,UNIDAD NACL CANCEROL,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,HOSP ONCOL NACL,MEXICO CITY 7,DF,MEXICO. INST ONCOL NACL,PANAMA CITY,PANAMA. INST NACL CANCEROL,BOGOTA,COLOMBIA. RP POTISCHMAN, N (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,EXECUT PLAZA N,ROOM 443,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01-CA-42042, N01-CP-41026] NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 18 BP 4785 EP 4789 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GE303 UT WOS:A1991GE30300006 PM 1893371 ER PT J AU HARVEY, JB ROBERTS, JM SCHANTZ, PM AF HARVEY, JB ROBERTS, JM SCHANTZ, PM TI SURVEY OF VETERINARIANS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN DOGS - PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ANCYLOSTOMA AB A systematic, random sample of 450 small and mixed-animal practitioners was selected from the client list of a prominent veterinary pharmaceutical and animal health company. A telephone survey was conducted, using a standard questionnaire, to assess whether current veterinary practices concerning prophylaxis and treatment of canine roundworm (Toxocara canis) and hookworm (Ancylostoma spp) infections are adequate to prevent transmission to human beings. Analysis of results focused on 3 questions related to prevention: practitioner's frequency of client education regarding zoonotic potential of roundworms and hookworms, pup age at which veterinarian recommends first anthelmintic treatments, and proportion of veterinarians recommending prophylactic drug administration for pups and nursing bitches. Despite the proven association of household pet dogs and human toxocariasis, only a third (148/450) of veterinarian respondents routinely discussed the potential zoonotic hazards of canine roundworms with their clients. A total of 29% (130/450) of veterinarians surveyed either never discussed these potential hazards or discussed them only when asked by their clients. With regard to anthelmintic treatment practices, 31% (140/450) of veterinarians surveyed recommended that pups first be examined and treated for intestinal parasites within 4 weeks of age. Thirty-three percent (163/450) recommended first examination and deworming at 5 to 6 weeks of age, and 36% (163/450) suggested that it be done at or after 7 weeks of age. Less than half (208/450) of veterinarians administered anthelmintics prophylactically to at least some pups and dogs. Sixty-four percent (287/450) of respondents recommended routine testing and treatment of nursing bitches. Because of the low frequency of direct client education regarding the potential zoonotic hazards of roundworms and hookworms in pets and the wide disparity in methods of treatment, we conclude that current veterinary practices are inadequate for maximal prevention of environmental contamination with eggs of these intestinal helminths. Systematic anthelmintic treatment and simple hygienic practices are necessary to avoid the risk of zoonotic transmission. We recommend that prophylactic deworming programs be initiated 2 to 3 weeks after pups are whelped, and that these programs include the nursing bitch. Treatment should be repeated every 2 to 3 weeks until 3 months after birth. Dog breeders and pet store owners, as well as private pet owners, need to be educated regarding the time to begin deworming the pups and bitch to effectively reduce environmental contamination with eggs of roundworms and hookworms. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 15 PY 1991 VL 199 IS 6 BP 702 EP 706 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA GF536 UT WOS:A1991GF53600022 PM 1955360 ER PT J AU HERSH, BS POPOVICI, F APETREI, RC ZOLOTUSCA, L BELDESCU, N CALOMFIRESCU, A JEZEK, Z OXTOBY, MJ GROMYKO, A HEYMANN, DL AF HERSH, BS POPOVICI, F APETREI, RC ZOLOTUSCA, L BELDESCU, N CALOMFIRESCU, A JEZEK, Z OXTOBY, MJ GROMYKO, A HEYMANN, DL TI ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME IN ROMANIA SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HIV-1 INFECTION; VIRUS; CHILDREN; AIDS; SEROPOSITIVITY; KINSHASA; ZAIRE AB After the initial description of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Romania in late 1989, national AIDS case surveillance was established with a modified version of the World Health Organisation (WHO) clinical case definition. This modified case definition requires that AIDS cases have both clinical and serological evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Before December, 1989, Romania had reported 13 AIDS cases to WHO. By Dec 31, 1990, 1168 AIDS cases were reported to Romania's Ministry of Health, of which 1094 (93.7%) occurred in children less than 13 years of age at diagnosis. Of these, 1086 (99.3%) were in infants and children less than 4 years of age, and 683 (62.4%) in abandoned children living in public institutions at the time of diagnosis. By Dec 31, 1990, 493 (45.1%) mothers of children with AIDS had been located and tested, and 37 (7.5%) were positive for HIV; 423 (38.7%) cases were in children who had received transfusions of unscreened blood, and 6 (0.5%) were in children with clotting disorders. HIV transmission through the improper use of needles and syringes is strongly suspected in most of the remaining 628 (57.4%) children with AIDS, most of whom had received multiple therapeutic injections. This outbreak demonstrates the serious potential for HIV transmission in medical facilities that intensively and improperly use parenteral therapy and have poor sterilisation technique. C1 MINIST HLTH,DEPT PREVENT MED,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. WHO,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. WHO,REG OFF EUROPE,GLOBAL PROGRAMME AIDS,COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. RP HERSH, BS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS E47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 100 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 14 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8768 BP 645 EP 649 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GF105 UT WOS:A1991GF10500001 PM 1679471 ER PT J AU SCHNORR, TM GRAJEWSKI, BA MURRAY, WE AF SCHNORR, TM GRAJEWSKI, BA MURRAY, WE TI VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS AND SPONTANEOUS-ABORTIONS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SCHNORR, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 12 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 11 BP 812 EP 813 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GE456 UT WOS:A1991GE45600022 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, KK SMITH, J THACKER, SB STROUP, DF AF STEINBERG, KK SMITH, J THACKER, SB STROUP, DF TI A METAANALYSIS OF ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT AND BREAST-CANCER - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP STEINBERG, KK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 11 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 10 BP 1359 EP 1360 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GD807 UT WOS:A1991GD80700019 ER PT J AU PANLILIO, AL BELL, DM CHAMBERLAND, ME PERLINO, CA AF PANLILIO, AL BELL, DM CHAMBERLAND, ME PERLINO, CA TI SURGERY, AIDS, AND HEPATITIS-B - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP PANLILIO, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 11 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 10 BP 1361 EP 1362 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GD807 UT WOS:A1991GD80700026 ER PT J AU MORAIS, JD DAWSON, JE GREENE, C FILIPE, AR GALHARDAS, LC BACELLAR, F AF MORAIS, JD DAWSON, JE GREENE, C FILIPE, AR GALHARDAS, LC BACELLAR, F TI 1ST EUROPEAN CASE OF EHRLICHIOSIS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 CTR ESTUDOS ZOONOSES AGUAS,MOURA,PORTUGAL. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MORAIS, JD (reprint author), HOSP DISTRITAL EVORA,P-7000 EVORA,PORTUGAL. NR 8 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 7 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8767 BP 633 EP 634 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GD809 UT WOS:A1991GD80900035 PM 1679172 ER PT J AU QARI, SH GOLDMAN, IF POVOA, MM OLIVEIRA, S ALPERS, MP LAL, AA AF QARI, SH GOLDMAN, IF POVOA, MM OLIVEIRA, S ALPERS, MP LAL, AA TI WIDE DISTRIBUTION OF THE VARIANT FORM OF THE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID T-CELLS RECOGNIZE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; CS PROTEIN; FALCIPARUM; GENE; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN AB We have found polymorphism in the repetitive and nonrepetitive regions of the sporozoite vaccine antigen, the circumsporozoite (CS) protein, in Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites from two geographically distant malaria endemic regions of the world. Like the recently described variant repeat sequence of P. vivax from Thailand, the CS protein repeat sequence of the variant P. vivax parasites from Papua New Guinea and Brazil is ANGA(G/D)(N/D)QPG, which differs from the previously identified CS repeat sequence, GDRA(D/A)GQPA, of P. vivax parasites from South America, Central America, and North Korea. Comparison of the P. vivax CS protein outside the repeat region revealed restricted polymorphism in regions that have exhibited T-cell immune function and sequence heterogeneity in the CS protein of Plasmodium falciparum. Our results show that P. vivax malaria parasites with the variant CS repeat sequences are widespread in nature and that the polymorphism in the CS protein of P. vivax is also present in the nonrepeat region. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EVANDRO CHAGAS INST,MALARIA PROGRAM,BELEM,PARA,BRAZIL. PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,MADANG,PAPUA N GUINEA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [I-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD SEP 5 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 25 BP 16297 EP 16300 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA GD635 UT WOS:A1991GD63500011 PM 1885563 ER PT J AU CHIASSON, MA STONEBURNER, RL HILDEBRANDT, DS EWING, WE TELZAK, EE JAFFE, HW AF CHIASSON, MA STONEBURNER, RL HILDEBRANDT, DS EWING, WE TELZAK, EE JAFFE, HW TI HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV-1 ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF SMOKABLE FREEBASE COCAINE (CRACK) SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; HETEROSEXUAL HIV TRANSMISSION; SEROPREVALENCE ID INCUBATION PERIOD; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; MODEL; RISK AB A study of risk factors for HIV-1 infection was conducted at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in an area of New York City where the cumulative incidence of AIDS in adults through mid-1990 was 9.1 per 1000 of the population and where the use of illicit drugs, including smokable freebase cocaine (crack), is common. The overall seroprevalence among volunteers was 12% (369 out of 3084), with 80% of those who were seropositive reporting risk behavior associated with HIV-1 infection, including male-to-male sexual contact, intravenous drug use and heterosexual contact with an intravenous drug user. The seroprevalence in individuals denying these risks was 3.6% (50 out of 1389) and 4.2% (22 out of 522) in men and women, respectively. Among these individuals, the behaviors significantly associated with infection were use of crack and prostitution in women, and history of syphilis and crack use in men. These results suggest that in areas where the level of HIV-1 infection in heterosexual intravenous drug users is high and the use of crack is common, increased sexual activity (including the exchange of drugs or money for sex) may result in increased heterosexual transmission of HIV-1. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHIASSON, MA (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,AIDS RES UNIT,BOX 6,125 WORTH ST,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 31 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP PY 1991 VL 5 IS 9 BP 1121 EP 1126 DI 10.1097/00002030-199109000-00011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GF841 UT WOS:A1991GF84100012 PM 1930775 ER PT J AU RUDOLPH, DL KEESLING, SS LERCHE, N YEE, JA LAL, RB AF RUDOLPH, DL KEESLING, SS LERCHE, N YEE, JA LAL, RB TI DOMINANCE OF HTLV TYPE-I-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY RESPONSIVENESS IN OLD-WORLD MONKEYS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VIRUS TYPE-I; STLV-I; EPITOPE; GENOME C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF PRIMATE RES CTR,SIMIAN RETROVIRUS REFERENCE LAB,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP RUDOLPH, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 7 IS 9 BP 721 EP 722 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.721 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GG140 UT WOS:A1991GG14000001 PM 1660289 ER PT J AU TUBBS, RL AF TUBBS, RL TI OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE AND HEARING-LOSS IN FIRE FIGHTERS ASSIGNED TO AIRPORT FIRE STATIONS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested to conduct a health hazard evaluation (HHE) at a large metropolitan fire department. The request concerned the hearing levels and noise exposures of fire fighters who were assigned to two fire stations serving the international airport. There was concern that these fire fighters were at a greater risk of accruing hearing loss than fire fighters located at other fire stations because of the addition of aircraft noise to their occupational noise exposures. The city also requested that NIOSH investigate other fire stations, not influenced by the airport,for noise exposures and hearing ability among a larger population of the fire fighters. NIOSH investigators conducted noise surveys at five fire stations and examined the hearing ability of 197 fire fighters. The noise surveys consisted of personal noise dosimetry on fire fighters assigned to the fire station for the entire 24-hr tour of duty over 2 consecutive days at each of the five stations. A NIOSH investigator accompanied the fire fighters on their vehicle to log response times and activities. The audiometric examinations were pure-tone, air conduction tests administered "cording to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) hearing conservation amendment. The noise dosimetry results revealed time-weighted averages (TWAs) that ranged from 60 to 82 dBA. However, the levels encountered during Code 3 responses (warning lights, sirens, and air horns) reached 109 dBA for a 1-min time period. The audiometric results showed that the average fire fighter exhibited a characteristic noise-induced permanent threshold shift. This hearing loss was statistically related to the amount of time that the fire fighter had been on the job with decreasing hearing ability as a function of years of service. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 52 IS 9 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1991)052<0372:ONEAHL>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KC589 UT WOS:A1991KC58900007 PM 1781442 ER PT J AU ANASTAS, MY AF ANASTAS, MY TI COMPUTATION OF THE INITIALLY UNKNOWN BOUNDARIES OF FLOW-FIELDS GENERATED BY LOCAL EXHAUST HOODS SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS; INLETS AB Local exhaust hoods are important in controlling contaminants in the workplace. To predict hood effectiveness, it is important to have knowledge of the airflow field that it generates. Currently, there are theoretical models adequate for predicting the flow fields, of hoods with flanged openings. These models are solutions of Laplace's equation in terms of the velocity potential. Comparison of experimental and theoretical values of air velocities show good agreement. With the exception of the plain slot, no such models are available for plain hoods or other hoods with complex geometries. This paper explores the feasibility of approximating the equal air velocity contours for any local exhaust hood by assuming that these contours are also equipotential contours. A slot configuration, for which an analytical model is available, was used to evaluate the accuracy of the assumption. Starting with a good approximation for the 15% velocity contour, three other boundaries were generated. The procedure used in generating boundaries after the initial one involved solution of Laplace's equation, assuming constant potential along the boundary and adjustment of boundary location on the basis of differences between the calculated value of the normal derivative of the velocity potential at a point on the boundary and the specified value (15%). The next-to-last boundary generated by the procedure exhibited an oscillation in the values of the normal derivative, which was detrimental to the desired solution. Possible causes for this oscillation and possible refinements in the procedure are discussed. C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 52 IS 9 BP 379 EP 386 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KC589 UT WOS:A1991KC58900008 PM 1838234 ER PT J AU LEE, RK WAXWEILER, RJ DOBBINS, JG PASCHETAG, T AF LEE, RK WAXWEILER, RJ DOBBINS, JG PASCHETAG, T TI INCIDENCE RATES OF FIREARM INJURIES IN GALVESTON, TEXAS, 1979-1981 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FIREARMS; GUNSHOT; HOMICIDE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; SUICIDE; WOUNDS AND INJURIES ID NORTHEASTERN OHIO; TRAUMA; HOMICIDE; DEATHS; SYSTEM; TRENDS; COUNTY; AGE; SEX AB Firearm injury mortality rates have been characterized in various settings, but little is known of the total magnitude of firearm injury, including morbidity. The authors determined population-based incidence rates of firearm injury among residents of Galveston, Texas, from 1979-1981 by using police, emergency department, hospital, emergency medical services, medical examiner, and vital records to identify 239 firearm injury cases. Vital records, medical examiner, and police records each identified more than 95% of the fatalities, but police records (sensitivity = 98%) were better than emergency department or hospital records (sensitivity = 82% and 28%, respectively) for identifying all nonfatal cases. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate of firearm injury was 128 per 100,000 persons. Black males, with the highest firearm injury rate (459 per 100,000 persons), were injured at 46 times the rate of white females (10 per 100,000 persons). The overall case fatality rate was 30%, including 25% of the assaults/homicides, 81% of the parasuicides/suicides, and 0% of the unintentional injuries. On the basis of the case fatality rates, an estimated 140,000 firearm injuries occur in the United States annually. The case fatality rate for penetrating head injuries was 80% versus 48% for chest injuries and 6% for all other parts of the body. The results are discussed with respect to policy recommendations for reducing firearm injuries. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,JOHN SEALY HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEE, RK (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH J-29,SCH NURSING,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA. NR 37 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 5 BP 511 EP 521 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GH065 UT WOS:A1991GH06500011 PM 1897507 ER PT J AU HEARST, N BUEHLER, JW NEWMAN, TB RUTHERFORD, GW AF HEARST, N BUEHLER, JW NEWMAN, TB RUTHERFORD, GW TI THE DRAFT LOTTERY AND AIDS - EVIDENCE AGAINST INCREASED INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USE BY VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Note DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; HIV; MILITARY PERSONNEL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; VETERANS ID WAR; EXPERIENCE; RETURNEES; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; TWIN AB To investigate whether intravenous drug use begun during military service might affect risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the authors compared AIDS cases in men eligible to be drafted with those in men who were exempt in the Vietnamera draft lottery of 1970-1972. Draft-eligible men were less likely to develop AIDS attributed to intravenous drug use than were draft-exempt men (relative risk = 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.80-0.95; p = 0.001). Other human immunodeficiency virus exposure categories showed no difference between the two groups. These results argue against increased intravenous drug use by Vietnam-era veterans. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. DEPT PUBL HLTH,OFF AIDS,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459] NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 5 BP 522 EP 525 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GH065 UT WOS:A1991GH06500012 PM 1897508 ER PT J AU TEPPER, A COMSTOCK, GW LEVINE, M AF TEPPER, A COMSTOCK, GW LEVINE, M TI A LONGITUDINAL-STUDY OF PULMONARY-FUNCTION IN FIRE FIGHTERS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE; RESPIRATORY DISEASE; SPIROMETRY; FIRE FIGHTING; AMMONIA; PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; AIR CONTAMINANTS; AMMONIA BURNS; FIREFIGHTERS; SPIROMETRY; INHALATION; MORTALITY; SELECTION; EXPOSURE AB Pulmonary function changes among fire fighters were evaluated by re-examining 632 Baltimore city fire fighters six to ten years after a baseline examination. Spirometry was used to determine forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Information about exposures was obtained by questionnaire and by combining data from fire department records regarding the number of fires fought by fire fighting units with individual work histories. Men who never wore a mask while extinguishing fires experienced a 1.7 times greater rate of FEV1 decline than mask wearers. Men with ammonia exposure experienced a rate of decline 1.7 times greater than non-exposed men. Neither length of time spent in exposed jobs nor number of responses were associated with the rate of decline. Active fire fighters experienced a rate of decline 2.5 times greater than those who had retired or resigned. Some effects differed between men who were able to perform repeatable pulmonary function tests and those who were not. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NASA,DIV OCCUPAT HLTH,WASHINGTON,DC 20546. RP TEPPER, A (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALAT & FIELD STUDIES,R-18,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 21,670]; NIOSH CDC HHS [5 R03 OH01756] NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200304 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GC246 UT WOS:A1991GC24600003 PM 1928108 ER PT J AU SELIGMAN, PJ HALPERIN, WE AF SELIGMAN, PJ HALPERIN, WE TI TARGETING OF WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS FOR LEAD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL LEAD POISONING; SURVEILLANCE; WORKERS COMPENSATION; OSHA; BLOOD LEAD LEVELS ID ELEVATED BLOOD LEAD; SURVEILLANCE; INDUSTRY AB The prevention of occupational lead poisoning requires identification of worksites with ongoing excessive lead exposures. The utility of different sources of surveillance data in identifying worksites was evaluated by comparing a list of companies inspected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for lead with 1) Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC) claims for lead poisoning, and 2) the New York Health Department's Heavy Metal Registry (NYHMR) reports of individuals with elevated blood lead levels. For the period 1981 through 1985, the NYHMR identified 179 companies with at least one employee having an elevated blood lead level. Of the 134 OSHA inspections conducted in New York during the same time period, 23 (17%) companies were identified by the NYHMR. In Ohio from 1979 through 1985, 50 companies had workers' compensation claims filed against them involving documented elevated blood lead levels. OSHA inspected 306 companies; 23 (7.5%) were identified by the BWC. In both states, companies inspected by OSHA were concentrated in larger industries with traditional, well-recognized lead hazards (e.g., primary metal and fabricated metals). Companies identified by compensation claims and laboratory reports tended to be in industries dominated by smaller establishments where lead is not a primary part of the industrial process (e.g., automotive repair and construction). Sources of surveillance data, such as workers' compensation claims and laboratory reports, identify worksites that tend not to be routinely inspected by OSHA and which need intervention to prevent excessive lead exposure. To maximize the impact of public health resources devoted to the elimination of occupational lead poisoning, follow-up efforts at companies identified by state health departments and workers' compensation systems offer an important opportunity to complement OSHA's inspection efforts. RP SELIGMAN, PJ (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,R-21,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 381 EP 390 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200310 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GC246 UT WOS:A1991GC24600009 PM 1833975 ER PT J AU KAPLAN, KM WEINBERG, GB SMALL, A HERNDON, JL AF KAPLAN, KM WEINBERG, GB SMALL, A HERNDON, JL TI BREAST-CANCER SCREENING AMONG RELATIVES OF WOMEN WITH BREAST-CANCER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-INSURANCE; SELF-EXAMINATION; PARTICIPATION; MORTALITY; STAGE AB Background. National surveys indicate that only 15% to 30% of all women in the general population 50 years of age or older have an annual mammogram. Methods. We studied first-degree female relatives of women with breast cancer, who are at elevated risk of disease, to describe the breast cancer screening practices of these relatives and to improve their practices through a program of intensive education. We report here the screening behaviors of 2471 relatives of women with breast cancer. Results. Self-reported behaviors were as follows: 49% performed monthly breast self-examination and 70% had annual breast examinations by a medical professional. Of 983 women 50 years of age or older, 49% had had a mammogram, but only 14% have a mammogram annually. Of women 50 years of age or older who had never had a mammogram, 92% reported never having had one recommended by a medical professional. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that screening behaviors in relatives of breast cancer patients are not substantially different from those of women in the general population. Enhanced efforts both to educate medical professionals and to encourage women to demand screening mammography are necessary to reduce breast cancer mortality. C1 PENN DEPT HLTH,HARRISBURG,PA. RP KAPLAN, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1174 EP 1179 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.9.1174 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GJ839 UT WOS:A1991GJ83900015 PM 1951830 ER PT J AU MEEHAN, PJ SALTZMAN, LE SATTIN, RW AF MEEHAN, PJ SALTZMAN, LE SATTIN, RW TI SUICIDES AMONG OLDER UNITED-STATES RESIDENTS - EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID RISK AB Suicide rates for elderly US residents decreased between 1950 and 1980, but have increased recently. We analyzed suicide mortality trends using national mortality data for the period 1980 through 1986. Suicide rates during this period increased for each 5-year age group over age 65. Elderly White males have the highest suicide rates and experienced a rate increase of 23%. The rate for Black males rose by 42%. Divorced males have the highest age-adjusted sex-and marital status-specific rates, and experienced a rate increase of 38% over the 7-year period. Suicide rates among older US residents vary by region of the country and are highest in the West. Rates increased in all regions except the Northeast. Firearms are the most common method of suicide in the elderly, and firearm use increased during this period from 60% to 66% of all suicides. Given the recent increase in suicide rates for the elderly and the magnitude of the problem in this age group, it is again important to direct our attention to the problem of suicide in the elderly and recognize the need for effective prevention strategies. RP MEEHAN, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,INT INJURIES SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 1991 VL 81 IS 9 BP 1198 EP 1200 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.9.1198 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GJ839 UT WOS:A1991GJ83900020 PM 1951834 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR HAVLIK, JA ELLIS, DA KENNEDY, E FANN, SA DUBOIS, RE THOMPSON, SE AF HORSBURGH, CR HAVLIK, JA ELLIS, DA KENNEDY, E FANN, SA DUBOIS, RE THOMPSON, SE TI SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED-IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME AND DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX INFECTION WITH AND WITHOUT ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTRACELLULARE BACTEREMIA; AIDS; THERAPY; CIPROFLOXACIN AB The contribution of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (DMAC) infection to the morbidity and mortality of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is unclear. Previous studies that suggested the decreased survival of patients with AIDS and DMAC had incomplete information on patient immunologic status and follow-up. We studied patients with AIDS and DMAC and compared their survival with that of AIDS patients without DMAC but with other comparable risk factors for survival. Case and control subjects were similar in terms of CD4 cell count, prior AIDS status, history of antiretroviral therapy, history of Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, and year of diagnosis. A group of 39 patients with untreated DMAC had significantly shorter survival, mean of 5.6 +/- 1.1 months (median 4 months), than 39 matched patients with AIDS but without DMAC, mean 10.8 +/- 1.3 months (median 11 months, p < 0.0001). The survival of 16 additional patients with DMAC who received antimycobacterial therapy, mean of 9.5 +/- 1.4 months (median 8 months), was not significantly shorter than that of an additional 16 matched control subjects, mean 11.7 +/- 1.9 months (median 11 months, p = 0.58). Patients with treated DMAC survived significantly longer than those with untreated DMAC (p < 0.01). We conclude that untreated DMAC significantly shortens survival. Moreover, these results indicate that patients with DMAC who receive antimycobacterial therapy do not experience the shortened survival seen in untreated DMAC. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. GEORGIA BAPTIST MEM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 178 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 144 IS 3 BP 557 EP 559 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA GF551 UT WOS:A1991GF55100016 PM 1892294 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE AF SNIDER, DE TI DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TUBERCULOSIS ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 144 IS 3 BP 732 EP 732 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA GF551 UT WOS:A1991GF55100046 PM 1909847 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, KK BONKOVSKY, HL CAUDILL, SP BERNHARDT, RK HAWKINS, M AF STEINBERG, KK BONKOVSKY, HL CAUDILL, SP BERNHARDT, RK HAWKINS, M TI OSTEOCALCIN AND BONE ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE IN THE SERUM OF WOMEN WITH LIVER-DISEASE SO ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; GLA-PROTEIN; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREMENOPAUSAL; OSTEOMALACIA; TURNOVER; SEX; AGE AB To identify the types of liver disease in which osteopenia is a prominent feature and to understand the mechanisms of bone loss, bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine and hip, bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and biochemical markers of calcium homeostasis were measured in 42 women, aged 33 to 52, with chronic liver disease and in 299 healthy women of similar age. In control women, bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin correlated negatively with bone density at all sites (p < 0.05). In women with liver disease, osteocalcin correlated negatively with bone density in the lumbar spine (p < 0.007), whereas bone alkaline phosphatase did not correlate with bone density at any site. Bone alkaline phosphatase correlated positively with osteocalcin in control women (p = 0.001) and negatively with osteocalcin in women with liver disease (p = 0.03). Serum bone alkaline phosphatase in women with liver disease was increased significantly over serum bone alkaline phosphatase of control women, probably because of decreased clearance owing to defective function or decreased numbers of hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors. Bone density was lower in the lumbar spines and hips of women with primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and chronic active hepatitis or fibrosis without cirrhosis than in the lumbar spine and hips of control women. However, the differences were not significant, possibly because of the small sample size. It is concluded that, in liver disease, osteocalcin is a more reliable marker of osteoblastic function than bone alkaline phosphatase. Although our results show that bone density may decrease in women with cholestatic liver disease, larger studies are needed to determine the degree of osteopenia. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,SCH MED,DIV DIGEST DIS & NUTR,WORCESTER,MA 01655. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP STEINBERG, KK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,MS F-18,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST CLINICAL SCIENCE INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1833 DELANCEY PLACE, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 SN 0091-7370 J9 ANN CLIN LAB SCI JI Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 21 IS 5 BP 305 EP 314 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA GB905 UT WOS:A1991GB90500002 PM 1952779 ER PT J AU SENIE, RT ROSEN, PP RHODES, P LESSER, ML AF SENIE, RT ROSEN, PP RHODES, P LESSER, ML TI TIMING OF BREAST-CANCER EXCISION DURING THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE INFLUENCES DURATION OF DISEASE-FREE SURVIVAL SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE BREAST NEOPLASMS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; MASTECTOMY; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; FOLLICULAR PHASE ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SURGICAL CURE; CARCINOMA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN AB Objective: To study disease-free survival at 10 years in relation to timing of breast tumor excision during the menstrual cycle. Design: A prospective study of consecutively treated patients with primary breast cancer. Setting: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York. Patients: Two hundred and eighty-three premenopausal patients treated by mastectomy and axillary dissection. Main Results: When the tumor was excised during the follicular phase, approximated by setting the putative day of ovulation on day 14 after the onset of last menses, a higher recurrence risk (43%) was observed compared with excision later in the menstrual cycle (29%, P = 0.02). The rate peaked among patients treated between days 7 and 14 and was lowest between days 20 and 30. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model to control for tumor size, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and family history indicated that the hazard rate of breast cancer recurrence after excision during the follicular phase was 1.53 (95% Cl, 1.02 to 2.29). Stratification by nodal status indicated that the effect of phase was statistically significant only among patients with positive nodes (hazard ratio, 2.10; Cl, 1.19 to 3.70). Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that the risk for recurrence may be affected by the hormonal milieu of the menstrual cycle; these findings must be confirmed, however, by a prospective study in which cycle phase at time of tumor excision is biochemically documented. C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. CORNELL UNIV,N SHORE UNIV HOSP,COLL MED,MANHASSET,NY 11030. RP SENIE, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 5 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GC065 UT WOS:A1991GC06500001 PM 1863022 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG RUTTENBER, AJ AGOCS, MM ANDA, RF WETLI, CV AF ESCOBEDO, LG RUTTENBER, AJ AGOCS, MM ANDA, RF WETLI, CV TI EMERGING PATTERNS OF COCAINE USE AND THE EPIDEMIC OF COCAINE OVERDOSE DEATHS IN DADE-COUNTY, FLORIDA SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS; ABUSE; ALCOHOL AB With the increasing use of cocaine in the United States, cocaine overdose deaths are being reported with increasing frequency. To describe patterns of cocaine use involved in cocaine overdose deaths, we reviewed the postmortem records from the Metropolitan Dade County Medical Examiner Department, Miami, Fla. We identified 239 cocaine overdose deaths from 1971 through 1987. During this period, the incidence of cocaine overdose deaths increased 20-fold, with the largest proportional increases occurring among persons aged older than 24 years, white persons, and men. The percentage of deaths that involved use of cocaine by nonparenteral routes, as well as newer and unknown preparations of cocaine (such as "crack" and "free-base" cocaine), increased. For example, the percentage of deaths that involved use of crack or free-base cocaine increased from 8% in 1981 to 20% in 1987. Persons who died after smoking crack or free-base cocaine had lower blood cocaine levels at autopsy (median level, 0.3 mg/L) than persons who died as a result of using cocaine hydrochloride (median level, 3.7 mg/L). Patterns of cocaine use involved in the epidemic of cocaine overdose deaths are changing. The data suggest that the newer preparations of cocaine, such as crack or free-base cocaine are playing an increasingly important role in this epidemic and that these preparations may be more toxic than cocaine hydrochloride. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV CHRON DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. METROPOLITAN DADE CTY MED EXAMINER DEPT,MIAMI,FL. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 115 IS 9 BP 900 EP 905 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA GF521 UT WOS:A1991GF52100013 PM 1929786 ER PT J AU PASCHAL, DC BAILEY, GG AF PASCHAL, DC BAILEY, GG TI DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM IN URINE WITH GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY USING ZEEMAN CORRECTION SO ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article AB We have developed a rapid and direct method for determining chromium in urine. The urine specimen is diluted with 2% (v/v) nitric acid and 0.001% (v/v) Triton-X-100 and absorbance measurements are made with Zeeman-effect graphite furnace atomic absorption. The method is sensitive enough to evaluate "normal" subjects for baseline studies or to evaluate environmental or other nonoccupational exposure to chromium. The characteristic mass calculated for urine (pg/0.0044 A.s) is 3 pg, which is comparable with published values for aqueous solutions. Slopes obtained for aqueous standards and urine were nearly identical, which allows use of simple aqueous standards for calibration. Procedures are described to rigorously exclude chromium contamination. We evaluated precision and accuracy with several aqueous reference materials from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as well as with chromium-spiked urine pools. Calculated values for within- and among-run standard deviations for a urine pool spiked to about 5-mu-g/L were 0.4 and 0.9-mu-g/L, respectively. The detection limit, calculated as 3 times the within-run standard deviation of an aqueous control sample, is about 0.5-mu-g/L. RP PASCHAL, DC (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERKIN-ELMER CORP PI NORWALK PA 761 MAIN AVE, NORWALK, CT 06859-0105 SN 0195-5373 J9 ATOM SPECTROSC JI Atom. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA GM673 UT WOS:A1991GM67300001 ER PT J AU DUFFY, LC ZIELEZNY, MA MARSHALL, JR BYERS, TE WEISER, MM PHILLIPS, JF CALKINS, BM OGRA, PL GRAHAM, S AF DUFFY, LC ZIELEZNY, MA MARSHALL, JR BYERS, TE WEISER, MM PHILLIPS, JF CALKINS, BM OGRA, PL GRAHAM, S TI RELEVANCE OF MAJOR STRESS EVENTS AS AN INDICATOR OF DISEASE-ACTIVITY PREVALENCE IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE SO BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT MEETING OF THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOC FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY CY MAY, 1988 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP FEDERAT AMER SOC EXPTL BIOL DE CROHNS DISEASE; CLINICAL DISEASE ACTIVITY INDEX; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE; MAJOR STRESS EVENTS; ULCERATIVE COLITIS ID ULCERATIVE COLITIS; REGIONAL ENTERITIS; BALTIMORE AB The impact of psychological stress in recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. Why some patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) have unrelenting relapses whereas other IBD patients experience long periods of quiescent disease remains an enigma. The authors examined the risk of exposure to major stress events in clinical episodes of IBD. They followed up on 124 persons in a prospective study that monitored behavioral and biological characteristics for a period of 6 months. Stress-exposed subjects demonstrated increased risk of clinical episodes of disease when compared with unexposed subjects (RR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3-4.9). Elevated effect measures were highest for the domain of health-related stress (RR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.5-9.9). In the multiple regression analysis, major stress events remained the most significant indicator of disease activity in the presence of the covariables considered. Only 7% of the variation in disease activity was uniquely attributed to stress. Baseline activity was the other notable indicator of subsequent disease activity in the study sample. All variables considered together explained 52% of the variance observed and implicated factors of potential clinical importance in monitoring recurrence of the disease. C1 SUNY BUFFALO,SCH MED,DEPT SOCIAL & PREVENT MED,BUFFALO,NY 14214. SUNY BUFFALO,DIV GASTROENTEROL HEPATOL & NUTR,BUFFALO,NY 14260. CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL,CHRON DIS BRANCH,DIV EPIDEMIOL NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP DUFFY, LC (reprint author), CHILDRENS HOSP,EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT RES OFF,BUFFALO,NY 14222, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 09051]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 19679-02] NR 27 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0896-4289 J9 BEHAV MED JI Behav. Med. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychiatry GA GH703 UT WOS:A1991GH70300001 PM 1932843 ER PT J AU BARRETT, B GUNTER, E JENKINS, J WANG, M AF BARRETT, B GUNTER, E JENKINS, J WANG, M TI ASCORBIC-ACID CONCENTRATION IN AMNIOTIC-FLUID IN LATE PREGNANCY SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Note DE ASCORBIC ACID; SMOKING; PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE; AMNIOTIC FLUID ID VITAMIN-C AB Amniotic fluid and venous blood specimens were obtained from 34 pregnant women and analyzed for the ascorbic acid concentration. The mean amniotic ascorbic acid concentration of smoking pregnant women was less than 50% of that of non-smoking women. Pregnant women who smoked had a significantly lower serum and amniotic fluid ascorbic acid concentration than those who did not smoke. No differences were observed between the groups with or without premature rupture of the fetal membrane. The results suggest that ascorbic acid in the amniotic fluid reflects the ascorbic acid status in the blood of pregnant women and smoking had a greater effect in decreasing the ascorbic acid concentration in amniotic fluid than in serum. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOODS & NUTR,ATHENS,GA 30602. GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT MATERNAL & CHILD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,NUTR BIOCHEM LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 60 IS 5 BP 333 EP 335 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA HA469 UT WOS:A1991HA46900009 PM 1790258 ER PT J AU DENG, JF SINKS, T ELLIOTT, L SMITH, D SINGAL, M FINE, L AF DENG, JF SINKS, T ELLIOTT, L SMITH, D SINGAL, M FINE, L TI CHARACTERIZATION OF RESPIRATORY HEALTH AND EXPOSURES AT A SINTERED PERMANENT-MAGNET MANUFACTURER SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS; PREVALENCE AB Sintered permanent magnets are made from the powdered metals of cobalt, nickel, aluminium, and various rare earths. During production, exposure to respirable crystalline silica and asbestos may also occur. Reported here is a cross sectional study of 310 current and 52 retired hourly employees who worked 10 or more years making sintered magnets. Each participant had a chest radiograph, spirometry, and completed a respiratory questionnaire. Illness logs were also reviewed to calculate the incidence of recorded respiratory disorders. The prevalences of abnormalities in pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms were not higher than found in an external referent population. Although the prevalence of diffuse parenchymal opacities consistent with pneumoconiosis (four workers) was similar to the referent population, one worker had radiographic findings consistent with silicosis and two workers had profusion scores of 1/2 or above, not seen in the referent group. The incidence of reported respiratory conditions in the log, including asthma, was 10 times that of other manufacturers in the same industrial classification category. Excessive exposures to cobalt, nickel, and respirable silica were shown by environmental measurements. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY R-10,CINCINNATI,OH 45261. INST NAVAL MED,GOSPORT,HANTS,ENGLAND. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0007-1072 J9 BRIT J IND MED PD SEP PY 1991 VL 48 IS 9 BP 609 EP 615 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GC476 UT WOS:A1991GC47600008 PM 1911403 ER PT J AU MAJ, M JANSSEN, R SATZ, P ZAUDIG, M STARACE, F BOOR, D SUGHONDHABIROM, B BING, EG LUABEYA, MK NDETEI, D RIEDEL, R SCHULTE, G SARTORIUS, N AF MAJ, M JANSSEN, R SATZ, P ZAUDIG, M STARACE, F BOOR, D SUGHONDHABIROM, B BING, EG LUABEYA, MK NDETEI, D RIEDEL, R SCHULTE, G SARTORIUS, N TI THE WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION CROSS-CULTURAL-STUDY ON NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF INFECTION WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1 (HIV-1) - PREPARATION AND PILOT PHASE SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; MEN AB The WHO launched a multicentre study to explore the nature and prevalence of HIV-1-associated neurological, psychiatric, and neuropsychological abnormalities in persons living in different geographical and sociocultural contexts. The study is being conducted in Brazil, Germany, Kenya, Thailand, the United States of America, and Zaire. A comprehensive instrument for the collection of neuropsychiatric data (including a battery of neuropsychological tests suitable for cross-cultural use) has been developed, and the feasibility of the recruitment and assessment procedure designed for the main phase has now been demonstrated. C1 CHULALONGKORN UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BANGKOK,THAILAND. UNIV KINSHASA,CTR NEUROPSYCHOPATHOL,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. NAPLES UNIV,DEPT PSYCHIAT 1,I-80138 NAPLES,ITALY. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HUMAN IMMUNOVIRUS AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,NEUROPSYCHIAT INST & HOSP,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. MAX PLANCK INST PSYCHIAT,W-8000 MUNICH 40,GERMANY. EMORY UNIV,DEPT NEUROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV NAIROBI,DEPT PSYCHIAT,NAIROBI,KENYA. UNIV MUNICH,W-8000 MUNICH 2,GERMANY. HOSP EMILIO RIBAS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RP MAJ, M (reprint author), WHO,DIV MENTAL HLTH,GLOBAL PROGRAM AIDS,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS PI LONDON PA BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 17 BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND SW1X 8PG SN 0007-1250 J9 BRIT J PSYCHIAT JI Br. J. Psychiatry PD SEP PY 1991 VL 159 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1192/bjp.159.3.351 PG 6 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA GF043 UT WOS:A1991GF04300006 PM 1958945 ER PT J AU RIEDER, HL KELLY, GD BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM SNIDER, DE AF RIEDER, HL KELLY, GD BLOCH, AB CAUTHEN, GM SNIDER, DE TI TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSED AT DEATH IN THE UNITED-STATES SO CHEST LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTION; AUTOPSY AB From 1985 through 1988, 5.1 percent of TB cases reported in the United States were diagnosed at death. Differences in the proportions diagnosed at death by race/ethnicity, sex, and place of birth (United States vs foreign-born) were relatively small. The proportion of cases diagnosed at death increased with age, from 0.7 percent in patients less than 5 years old to 18.6 percent among patients 85 years and older. Only 26.0 percent of cases diagnosed alive were among those 65 years and older, but 60.3 percent of those diagnosed at death were in this age group. Eighteen percent of cases with miliary, meningeal and peritoneal TB were diagnosed at death, compared with 4.8 percent among those with pulmonary TB. These data indicate that TB too often remains unrecognized and that, to prevent continuing deaths from this curable disease, a high index of suspicion of TB remains important, particularly among the elderly and among persons with extrapulmonary sites of disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP RIEDER, HL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 1991 VL 100 IS 3 BP 678 EP 681 DI 10.1378/chest.100.3.678 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA GD911 UT WOS:A1991GD91100023 PM 1889256 ER PT J AU WINN, FJ AF WINN, FJ TI PREFACE FOR SPECIAL ISSUE ON ERGONOMICS AND THE OLDER WORKER SO EXPERIMENTAL AGING RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID BACK C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0361-073X J9 EXP AGING RES JI Exp. Aging Res. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 17 IS 3 BP 139 EP 141 PG 3 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychology GA HL937 UT WOS:A1991HL93700001 PM 1810741 ER PT J AU STAHL, CP WINTON, EF MONROE, MC HOLMAN, RC ZELASKY, M LIEHL, E MYERS, LA MCCLURE, H ANDERSON, D EVATT, BL AF STAHL, CP WINTON, EF MONROE, MC HOLMAN, RC ZELASKY, M LIEHL, E MYERS, LA MCCLURE, H ANDERSON, D EVATT, BL TI RECOMBINANT HUMAN GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR PROMOTES MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION IN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS; PLOIDY; GROWTH FACTORS ID AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW; HUMAN GM-CSF; HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-6; PROGENITOR CELLS; PLOIDY GROUPS; HEMATOPOIESIS; INVITRO; INVIVO; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TRANSPLANTATION AB Megakaryocytes are responsive to several nonlineage-specific cytokines in vitro. In this study, we examined the in vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF) on late stages of megakaryocytopoiesis in the rhesus monkey. Four rhesus monkeys were given 10-mu-g/kg body weight/day of rh GM-CSF s.c. in two divided doses daily for 8 days. Megakaryocyte maturation was evaluated serially by measuring nuclear ploidy and cytoplasmic size. GM-CSF-treated monkeys developed significant shifts in ploidy distribution from days 3 through 15 (p less-than-or-equal-to 0.001), with increased frequencies of 64N and 128N megakaryocytes. Mean megakaryocyte size increased 92.5% on day 9, paralleling the increase in DNA content, although megakaryocyte size within ploidy groups did not increase. Megakaryocyte number remained unchanged following rh GM-CSF treatment. The platelet count responses were variable, and mean platelet volume did not change. The present study demonstrates that therapeutic doses of rh GM-CSF stimulate megakaryocyte endomitosis and increase mean size. The data indicate that GM-CSF is effective in promoting the maturation stage of megakaryocyte development but does not result in a consistent thrombopoietic response. C1 EMORY UNIV,WINSHIP CANC CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DIV HEMATOL ONCOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. SANDOZ GMBH,A-1235 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. SANDOZ INC,E HANOVER,NJ 07936. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP STAHL, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 46 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 19 IS 8 BP 810 EP 816 PG 7 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA GC099 UT WOS:A1991GC09900015 PM 1868895 ER PT J AU MOSHER, WD ARAL, SO AF MOSHER, WD ARAL, SO TI TESTING FOR SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE - UNITED-STATES, 1988 SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-2; RISK; APPROPRIATE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; GONORRHEA; CRITERIA; CANCER; RACE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS & HIV PREVENT,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MOSHER, WD (reprint author), NATL CTR HLTH STAT,FAMILY GROWTH SURVEY BRANCH,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782, USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.2307/2135756 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA GJ762 UT WOS:A1991GJ76200004 PM 1743274 ER PT J AU SOSKOLNE, V ARAL, SO MAGDER, LS REED, DS BOWEN, GS AF SOSKOLNE, V ARAL, SO MAGDER, LS REED, DS BOWEN, GS TI CONDOM USE WITH REGULAR AND CASUAL PARTNERS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HIV-INFECTION; ATTITUDES; AIDS; PREVALENCE C1 NATL CTR PREVENT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SOSKOLNE, V (reprint author), HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,HADASSAH SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 23 IS 5 BP 222 EP 225 DI 10.2307/2135757 PG 4 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA GJ762 UT WOS:A1991GJ76200005 PM 1743275 ER PT J AU MOSLEY, WH BECKER, S AF MOSLEY, WH BECKER, S TI DEMOGRAPHIC-MODELS FOR CHILD SURVIVAL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH INTERVENTION PROGRAMS SO HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; RURAL BANGLADESH; MORTALITY; RISK; MALNUTRITION; GROWTH; DIARRHEA; DEATH; MORBIDITY; PRESCHOOL C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, INST INT PROGRAMS, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, INT CTR DIARRHOEAL DIS RES BANGLADESH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP MOSLEY, WH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, DEPT POPULAT DYNAM, 615 N WOLFE ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 USA. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1080 EI 1460-2237 J9 HEALTH POLICY PLANN JI Health Policy Plan. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 6 IS 3 BP 218 EP 233 DI 10.1093/heapol/6.3.218 PG 16 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA GE118 UT WOS:A1991GE11800002 ER PT J AU VARMA, VA SANCHEZLANIER, M UNGER, ER CLARK, C TICKMAN, R HEWANLOWE, K CHENGGIS, ML SWAN, DC AF VARMA, VA SANCHEZLANIER, M UNGER, ER CLARK, C TICKMAN, R HEWANLOWE, K CHENGGIS, ML SWAN, DC TI ASSOCIATION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS WITH PENILE CARCINOMA - A STUDY USING POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION AND INSITU HYBRIDIZATION SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PENILE CARCINOMA; PAPILLOMAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION ID MALE SEXUAL PARTNERS; DNA; NEOPLASIA; INFECTION; TYPE-16; TISSUE; BRAZIL; VIRUS C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VARMA, VA (reprint author), VET ADM MED CTR,LAB 113,1670 CLAIRMONT RD,DECATUR,GA 30033, USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 23 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 22 IS 9 BP 908 EP 913 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90181-N PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA GK463 UT WOS:A1991GK46300009 PM 1655618 ER PT J AU ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM VILLARINO, ME MCNEIL, MM JARVIS, WR FAVERO, MS AF ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA MCALLISTER, SK AGUERO, SM VILLARINO, ME MCNEIL, MM JARVIS, WR FAVERO, MS TI MICROBIAL-GROWTH AND ENDOTOXIN PRODUCTION IN THE INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETIC PROPOFOL SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS; INFUSION; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: In this study, we measured microbial growth and endotoxin production in the intravenous anesthetic propofol using 10 different microbial strains; 6 isolated from outbreak cases and 4 from laboratory stock cultures. DESIGN: In each trial, endotoxin-free glass tubes containing 10 ml propofol were inoculated with 10(0)-10(3) CFU/ml of the test organism and incubated at 30-degrees-C for 72 hours. SETTING: In May and June 1990, the Centers for Disease Control received reports of 5 outbreaks in 5 states of postsurgical patient infections and/or pyrogenic reactions. Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations implicated extrinsic contamination of an intravenous anesthetic, propofol, as the probable source of these outbreaks. RESULTS: After 24 hours, 9 of the 10 cultures increased in viable counts by 3 to 6 logs. At least 1 ng/ml of endotoxin was produced within 24 hours by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol can support rapid microbial growth and endotoxin production. To avoid infectious complications, scrupulous aseptic technique should be used when preparing or administering this anesthetic. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ARDUINO, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 17 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 12 IS 9 BP 535 EP 539 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GQ278 UT WOS:A1991GQ27800005 PM 1940276 ER PT J AU GORSKY, RD AF GORSKY, RD TI CANCER CARE AND COST - DRGS AND BEYOND - SCHEFFLER,RM, ANDREWS,NC SO INQUIRY-THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION PROVISION AND FINANCING LA English DT Book Review C1 UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DURHAM,NH 03824. RP GORSKY, RD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,OFF PROGRAM PLANNING & EVALUAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 676 N ST CLAIR ST, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0046-9580 J9 INQUIRY-J HEALTH CAR JI Inquiry-J. Health Care Organ. Provis. Financ. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 28 IS 3 BP 308 EP 309 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA GK446 UT WOS:A1991GK44600016 ER PT J AU MERCY, JA ROSENBERG, ML HOUK, VN AF MERCY, JA ROSENBERG, ML HOUK, VN TI CONTROLLING THE FIREARM THREAT SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MERCY, JA (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 8 IS 1 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA GJ757 UT WOS:A1991GJ75700020 ER PT J AU ROSSI, CL TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB AF ROSSI, CL TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB TI RAPID, LOW-TECHNOLOGY FIELD-APPLICABLE AND LABORATORY-APPLICABLE ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADULT MICROSOMAL ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOBLOT; COMPONENTS; ELISA; BLOT AB Simple and rapid polystyrene- and nitrocellulose-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for detecting antibodies against adult Schistosoma mansoni microsomal antigens. The polystyrene test uses the Nunc Immuno Stick System. A single dilution of the antibody source being tested, the conjugate, and the substrate (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) are placed in tubes. Dried, antigen-coated polystyrene sticks are then exposed to the reagents by immersion. Once the sticks are sensitized, an entire assay can be completed in 8 min. Positive reactions result in a rich blue color in the substrate tube and can be distinguished with the naked eye. In the nitrocellulose-based test, a nitrocellulose sheet with antigen drawn in a line by pen is cut to produce identical strips. The ligand-binding steps and washings are performed in the troughs of incubation trays. The exposure times required for a single dilution of the antibody source being tested, the conjugate, and the substrate (3,3'-diaminobenzidine) are 5 min, 5 min, and 7.5 min, respectively. Once sensitized strips are available, an entire assay can be run in 50 min. Both techniques can assay serum or whole blood. The characteristics of polystyrene- and nitrocellulose-based techniques allow them to be used successfully in field studies and in minimally equipped laboratories. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STATE UNIV CAMPINAS,FAC MED SCI,DEPT CLIN PATHOL,BR-13081 CAMPINAS,SP,BRAZIL. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1836 EP 1841 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GB716 UT WOS:A1991GB71600016 PM 1774304 ER PT J AU TANG, YW LI, YL YE, KL XU, ZY RUO, SL FISHERHOCH, SP MCCORMICK, JB AF TANG, YW LI, YL YE, KL XU, ZY RUO, SL FISHERHOCH, SP MCCORMICK, JB TI DISTRIBUTION OF HANTAVIRUS SEROTYPES HANTAAN AND SEOUL CAUSING HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME AND IDENTIFICATION BY HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; CHINA AB An epidemiologic evaluation of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from different locations in the People's Republic of China was conducted to define the prevalence of two Hantavirus serotypes, Seoul (SEO) and Hantaan (HTN). Serum specimens were collected between 5 and 14 days after the onset of illness and were tested for antibodies by both hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and plaque reduction neutralization (PRN). By the HI test, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies to SEO in the sera from individuals from Kaifeng City of Henan Province was five times higher than that to HTN. In contrast, by the HI test, the sera from individuals from Jiande County of Zhejiang Province had a GMT of antibodies to HTN that was seven times higher than that to SEO. In the sera from individuals from Shanghai, only a twofold difference was observed in HI antibody titers to the two hemagglutinis by the HI test, with that to HTN being higher than that to SEO. By the PRN test, the GMT ratios of antibody between HTN and SEO strains from individuals in Kaifeng, Jiande, and Shanghai were found to be 1:13, 14:1, and 2:1 respectively. A close correlation (r = 0.8219) and concordance rate (78.3%) were observed between the PRN and HI tests for the identification of the serotypes of individual cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The hantavirus serotypes from individuals in Kaifeng and Jiande were identified as predominantly SEO and HTN, respectively, and those from individuals in Shanghai had an indeterminant serotype defined by these two techniques. The HI test appears to be a simple and reliable way of determining the predominant hantavirus that causes HFRS in a given geographic area. C1 SHANGHAI MED UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SHANGHAI 200032,PEOPLES R CHINA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1924 EP 1927 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GB716 UT WOS:A1991GB71600032 PM 1685497 ER PT J AU SARAFIAN, SK WOODS, TC KNAPP, JS SWAMINATHAN, B MORSE, SA AF SARAFIAN, SK WOODS, TC KNAPP, JS SWAMINATHAN, B MORSE, SA TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HAEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI BY RIBOSOMAL DNA FINGERPRINTING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE RESTRICTION PATTERNS; HEMOPHILUS-DUCREYI; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RNA; STRAINS; PLASMID; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROTEINS AB Intraspecies genotypic heterogeneity among Haemophilus ducreyi isolates was examined by using genomic fingerprints with rRNA from Escherichia coli as a probe. DNA from 44 isolates of H. ducreyi was digested by restriction endonuclease HincII or HindIII, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nylon membranes, and hybridized with P-32-labeled 16S and 23S rRNA. HincII digests yielded four hybridization patterns (ribotypes), whereas HindIII digests yielded eight ribotypes. Four HincII and five HindIII ribotypes were observed among 14 H. ducreyi isolates collected within a period of 1 month in Kenya, where chancroid is endemic. In contrast, one HincII and two HindIII ribotypes were observed among 28 isolates collected during the Orange County, Calif., chancroid epidemic that occurred in 1981 and 1982. The plasmid content, in conjunction with ribotyping, provided additional differentiation among some isolates of H. ducreyi. This study demonstrates that ribotyping of H. ducreyi may be used to study the epidemiology of chancroid. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SARAFIAN, SK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1949 EP 1954 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GB716 UT WOS:A1991GB71600036 PM 1663518 ER PT J AU LLOYDPURYEAR, M WALLACE, D BALDWIN, T HOLLIS, DG AF LLOYDPURYEAR, M WALLACE, D BALDWIN, T HOLLIS, DG TI MENINGITIS CAUSED BY PSYCHROBACTER-IMMOBILIS IN AN INFANT SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Psychrobacter immobilis was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of a 2-day-old infant who appeared well except for a fever and a full anterior fontanelle. The infant was treated with antibiotics intravenously. After 48 h, he became afebrile and CSF and blood cultures were negative; he was then discharged. After 96 h of incubation, CSF and blood cultures yielded a gram-negative organism, P. immobilis. The child was readmitted to the hospital, and the same organism was again isolated from his blood and CSF. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DIV COMMUNITY PEDIAT,BRONX,NY 10467. COMMONWEALTH HLTH CTR,SAIPAN,TT. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2041 EP 2042 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA GB716 UT WOS:A1991GB71600052 PM 1774332 ER PT J AU GIFT, JS GRISSOM, RE STRAIGHT, JM AF GIFT, JS GRISSOM, RE STRAIGHT, JM TI BIOLOGICAL MARKERS - MONITORING POPULATIONS EXPOSED TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Biologic markers can be used to verify exposure to chemicals and assess health effects. However, they are often difficult to interpret, and the relationship between the identified effects and exposures is not always clear. In order to fulfill its congressional mandate to protect the public from the adverse effects of hazardous substance exposures, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has placed a high priority on the need to study and validate biologic markers. This article examines the current state of biologic markers, discusses problem areas and identifies ATSDR projects that could lead to some solutions. RP GIFT, JS (reprint author), AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,1600 CLIFTON RD E29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 54 IS 2 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD390 UT WOS:A1991GD39000005 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL PALKER, TJ COLIGAN, JE FOLKS, TM AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL PALKER, TJ COLIGAN, JE FOLKS, TM TI A SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE ELICITS ANTIBODIES REACTIVE WITH THE EXTERNAL GLYCOPROTEIN OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; HTLV-I; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; EPITOPE; GP21 AB A synthetic peptide derived from the external glycoprotein of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) (Env-5; amino acids 242 to 256) reacted with IgG antibodies in serum specimens from HTLV-I-infected individuals. C-terminal residues of Env-5 were crucial for the antibody reactivity. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies to Env-5 did not inhibit syncytium formation but such antibodies reacted specifically with gp68env and gp46env glycoproteins of HTLV-I in an immunoblot analysis. Immunoprecipitation of the surface-labelled MT-2 (HTLV-I-infected) cell line with anti-Env-5 precipitated the gp68env precursor protein. It was concluded that peptide Env-5 mimics a surface-exposed epitope on the HTLV-I external glycoprotein. C1 NIA,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DIV RHEUMATOL & IMMUNOL,DURHAM,NC 27710. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 72 BP 2321 EP 2324 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-9-2321 PN 9 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA GE992 UT WOS:A1991GE99200041 PM 1716657 ER PT J AU COLEBUNDERS, R RYDER, R FRANCIS, H NEKWEI, W BAHWE, Y LEBUGHE, I NDILU, M VERCAUTEREN, G NSEKA, K PERRIENS, J VANDERSTUYFT, P QUINN, TC PIOT, P AF COLEBUNDERS, R RYDER, R FRANCIS, H NEKWEI, W BAHWE, Y LEBUGHE, I NDILU, M VERCAUTEREN, G NSEKA, K PERRIENS, J VANDERSTUYFT, P QUINN, TC PIOT, P TI SEROCONVERSION RATE, MORTALITY, AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RECEIPT OF A HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTED BLOOD-TRANSFUSION IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HIV INFECTION; HTLV-III; AIDS; ANTIBODY; DONORS; RECIPIENTS; TRANSMISSION; PROGRESSION; COINCIDENT; RISK AB To evaluate the consequences of receiving human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive blood, 90 HIV-1-seronegative recipients of HIV-1-seropositive blood (case patients) and 90 HIV-1-seronegative recipients of HIV-1-seronegative blood, matched forage, sex, number of transfusions, diagnosis, and severity of illness (controls), were followed for 12 months after transfusion at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Of case patients and controls, 72% were children transfused for anemia caused by malaria. Of the 46 case patients alive 6 months after transfusion and for whom HIV-1 serologic results were obtained, 44 (96%) had seroconverted. Significantly more case patients (47%) than controls (16%) died within 1 year after transfusion (P < .001). In the first 3 months after transfusion, fatigue, diarrhea, fever, cough, pruritus, pallor, oral candidiasis, polyadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and rhinorrhea were observed more often among seroconverters than controls (P < .04). Six percent of case patients and no controls had developed clinical AIDS after 12 months of follow-up. These findings underscore the urgent need for appropriate HIV screening facilities in transfusion centers worldwide. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. MAMA YEMO HOSP,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HIV AIDS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP COLEBUNDERS, R (reprint author), INST TROP MED,BELGIAN MED COOPERAT,NATL STR 155,B-2000 ANTWERP 1,BELGIUM. NR 37 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 164 IS 3 BP 450 EP 456 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GB383 UT WOS:A1991GB38300002 PM 1869835 ER PT J AU ROSENBLUM, LS VILLARINO, ME NAINAN, OV MELISH, ME HADLER, SC PINSKY, PP JARVIS, WR OTT, CE MARGOLIS, HS AF ROSENBLUM, LS VILLARINO, ME NAINAN, OV MELISH, ME HADLER, SC PINSKY, PP JARVIS, WR OTT, CE MARGOLIS, HS TI HEPATITIS-A OUTBREAK IN A NEONATAL INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT - RISK-FACTORS FOR TRANSMISSION AND EVIDENCE OF PROLONGED VIRAL EXCRETION AMONG PRETERM INFANTS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CHIMPANZEES; HOSPITAL OUTBREAK; IMMUNE-COMPLEXES; VIRUS-INFECTION; SECONDARY; PARTICLES; ANTIGEN; SPREAD; STOOLS AB An outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) provided the opportunity to examine the duration of HAV excretion in infants and the mechanisms by which HAV epidemics are propagated in NICUs. The outbreak affected 13 NICU infants (20%), 22 NICU nurses (24%), 8 other staff caring for NICU infants, and 4 household contacts; 2 seropositive infants (primary cases) received blood transfusions from a donor with HAV infection. Risk factors for infection among nurses were care for a primary infant-case (relative risk [RR], 3.2), drinking beverages in the unit (odds ratio [OR], infinity), and not wearing gloves when taping an intravenous line (OR, 13.7). Among infants, risk factors were care by a nurse who cared for a primary infant-case during the same shift (RR, 6. 1). Serial stool samples from infant-cases were tested for HAV antigen (HAV-Ag) by enzyme immunoassay and HAV RNA by nucleic acid amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. Infant-cases excreted HAV-Ag (n = 2) and HAV RNA (n = 3) 4-5 months after they were identified as being infected. Breaks in infection control procedures and possibly prolonged HAV shedding in infants propagated the epidemic in a critical care setting. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV HAWAII,DEPT PEDIAT,HONOLULU,HI 96822. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,BIOMETR BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 33 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 164 IS 3 BP 476 EP 482 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GB383 UT WOS:A1991GB38300006 PM 1651359 ER PT J AU TELZAK, EE GREENBERG, MSZ BUDNICK, LD SINGH, T BLUM, S AF TELZAK, EE GREENBERG, MSZ BUDNICK, LD SINGH, T BLUM, S TI DIABETES-MELLITUS - A NEWLY DESCRIBED RISK FACTOR FOR INFECTION FROM SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Infections due to Salmonella serotype enteritidis have increased markedly in the northeastern United States. Due to the potential severity of these infections, host risk factors for infection were determined in the largest nosocomial S. enteritidis outbreak to have occurred in the United States. In a case-control study, patients in a New York City hospital who developed infection after exposure to an S. enteritidis-contaminated meal were more likely to be medication-dependent diabetics than were those who did not develop infection (17/75 vs. 7/80, Mantel-Haenszel adjusted odds ratio = 3.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 8.6). Proposed mechanisms for diabetes as a risk factor for infection include decreased gastric acidity in diabetic patients and an autonomic neuropathy of the small bowel that reduces intestinal motility and prolongs gastrointestinal transit time. C1 NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 164 IS 3 BP 538 EP 541 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GB383 UT WOS:A1991GB38300015 PM 1869841 ER PT J AU GEITER, LJ AF GEITER, LJ TI CONTRIBUTION OF PYRAZINAMIDE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS CHEMOTHERAPY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter RP GEITER, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB ELIMINAT,CLIN RES BRANCH,MAIL STOP E-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 164 IS 3 BP 610 EP 610 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA GB383 UT WOS:A1991GB38300030 PM 1869849 ER PT J AU CLEGG, DO WILLIAMS, HJ SINGER, JZ STEEN, VD SCHLEGEL, S ZIMINSKI, C ALARCON, GS LUGGEN, ME POLISSON, RP WILLKENS, RF YARBORO, C MCDUFFIE, FC WARD, JR AF CLEGG, DO WILLIAMS, HJ SINGER, JZ STEEN, VD SCHLEGEL, S ZIMINSKI, C ALARCON, GS LUGGEN, ME POLISSON, RP WILLKENS, RF YARBORO, C MCDUFFIE, FC WARD, JR TI EARLY UNDIFFERENTIATED CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE .2. THE FREQUENCY OF CIRCULATING ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY RHEUMATIC DISEASES SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EARLY CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE; ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; SCLERODERMA; POLYMYOSITIS ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; DERMATOMYOSITIS; POLYMYOSITIS; SCLEROSIS AB The presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the serum is a common finding in various connective tissue disorders, but usefulness of these antibodies in making diagnoses or prognoses is not known. We report the results of a panel of ANA determinations including ANA, anti-dsDNA, Sm, RNP, SSA, SSB, Jo-1, Scl-70 and PM-1 in 410 patients in a 5-year descriptive study of 410 patients with rheumatic disease symptoms of less than one year's duration. While some patients met diagnostic criteria for a specific rheumatologic diagnosis, others were classified as undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) and were subclassified by a constellation of symptoms. Our results show that ANA is sensitive in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and progressive systemic sclerosis even in early disease but is not specific. Other "specific" autoantibodies were seen most frequently in SLE but were relatively insensitive and were seen in low frequency in UCTD. ANA have limited diagnostic value in patients with early disease. The prognostic value of these tests will be assessed as the prospective study of these cohorts progresses. C1 UNIV UTAH,CTR CORDINATING,COOPERAT SYST STUDIES RHEUMAT DIS PROGRAM,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84132. UNIV ALABAMA,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,BROOKLYN,NY. UNIV PITTSBURGH,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. DUKE UNIV,DURHAM,NC 27706. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. CTR DIS CONTROL,ARTHRIT FDN,CONTROL ANA REFERENCE LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIADDK NIH HHS [1-AM6-2228] NR 25 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1340 EP 1343 PG 4 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA GK150 UT WOS:A1991GK15000013 PM 1757935 ER PT J AU LUI, KJ POLLOCK, D AF LUI, KJ POLLOCK, D TI AN APPLICATION OF PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL TO STUDY THE RECURRENT TIME BETWEEN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OR INFRACTIONS AND SUBSEQUENT FATAL AUTOMOBILE CRASHES, 1986-1988 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; INCUBATION PERIOD; SURVIVAL-DATA; ALCOHOL; AIDS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LUI, KJ (reprint author), SAN DIEGO STATE UNIV,COLL SCI,DEPT MATH SCI,SAN DIEGO,CA 92182, USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD FAL PY 1991 VL 22 IS 3 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0022-4375(91)90006-H PG 8 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA GE764 UT WOS:A1991GE76400005 ER PT J AU KILBOURNE, EM DELAPAZ, MP BORDA, IA RUIZNAVARRO, MD PHILEN, RM FALK, H AF KILBOURNE, EM DELAPAZ, MP BORDA, IA RUIZNAVARRO, MD PHILEN, RM FALK, H TI TOXIC OIL SYNDROME - A CURRENT CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC SUMMARY, INCLUDING COMPARISONS WITH THE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPESEED OIL; L-TRYPTOPHAN; INGESTION; SPAIN; ASSOCIATION; EVOLUTION; FEATURES; ANILINE AB In the spring and summer of 1981, an epidemic of a new illness now referred to as the toxic oil syndrome occurred in central and northwestern Spain, resulting in some 20,000 cases, 12,000 hospital admissions and > 300 deaths in the 1st year of the epidemic. The initial onset of illness was usually acute, and patients presented primarily with a respiratory syndrome involving cough, fever, dyspnea, hypoxemia, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusions. While approximately 50% of patients recovered from this acute phase of the illness without apparent sequelae, the remaining patients developed an intermediate or chronic phase, or both, of illness involving severe myalgia, eosinophilia, peripheral nerve damage, sclerodermiform skin lesions, sicca syndrome, alopecia and joint contractures, among other findings. Epidemiologic and analytic chemical studies have clearly linked the toxic oil syndrome to the ingestion of oil mixtures containing rapeseed oil denatured with aniline. However, the precise identity of the etiologic agent within this oil has never been determined. Aniline itself did not cause the illness, but the causal agent may be a reaction product of aniline with some oil component. Although many aspects of disease activity in the involved patients have lessened with time, the ultimate consequences of their disease are not clear and are the subject of ongoing study. The recently described eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in the United States clinically resembles the toxic oil syndrome. RP KILBOURNE, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,C08,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 711 EP 717 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA GD037 UT WOS:A1991GD03700012 PM 1869734 ER PT J AU KORVER, MP BURSE, VW NEEDHAM, LL GREEN, VE GRAY, DL ROUSE, MA SHELLY, TL MORTENSEN, BK AF KORVER, MP BURSE, VW NEEDHAM, LL GREEN, VE GRAY, DL ROUSE, MA SHELLY, TL MORTENSEN, BK TI DETERMINATION OF MIREX IN HUMAN BLOOD-SERUM CONTAINING POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS BY USING PACKED-COLUMN GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27TH ANNUAL WORKSHOP OF THE FLORIDA DEPT OF AGRICULTURAL AND CONSUMER SERVICES ON PESTICIDE RESIDUE CY JUL 15-18, 1990 CL ST PETERSBURG, FL SP FLORIDA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV ID CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; HUMAN-MILK AB An analytical method has been developed that uses electron capture/gas-liquid chromatography to determine Mirex in serum containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Aroclor 1260). With this method, 0.2 ppb Mirex can be determined in 4 mL serum that also contains 10 ppb PCBs. The method provides approximately 70% recovery of Mirex at 1.0 and 3.5 ppb. The coefficients of variation are 4.5 and 4.6% at 1.0 and 3.5 ppb, respectively. In a cooperative study with the Ohio Department of Health, the Centers for Disease Control used this method to determine the extent of exposure of Salem, OH, residents to Mirex. Confirmation of Mirex was obtained by using high resolution gas chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. RP KORVER, MP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 74 IS 5 BP 875 EP 877 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA GF676 UT WOS:A1991GF67600027 PM 1783595 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST PEREZ, VL WU, BY NABEL, GJ FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST PEREZ, VL WU, BY NABEL, GJ FOLKS, TM TI OSCILLATION OF THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SURFACE-RECEPTOR IS REGULATED BY THE STATE OF VIRAL ACTIVATION IN A CD4+ CELL MODEL OF CHRONIC INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; NF-KAPPA-B; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; MESSENGER-RNA; FACTOR-ALPHA; T-CELL; NONCYTOPATHIC INFECTION; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD AB We have developed a unique physiologic model of chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, OM-10.1, clonally derived from infected HL-60 promyelocytes and harboring a single integrated provirus. Unlike other models of chronic infection, OM-10.1 cultures remain CD4+ under normal culture conditions, during which < 10% of the cells constitutively express HIV-1 proteins. However, when treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), OM-10.1 cultures dramatically increased (> 35-fold) HIV-1 expression and rapidly down-modulated surface CD4, as > 95% of the cells became HIV-1+. The complete loss of surface CD4 following viral activation was neither associated with apparent cytopathicity nor due to a decline of available CD4 mRNA. There was, however, a temporal association between CD4 down-modulation and the accumulation of intracellular HIV-1 gp160/120; in addition, intracellular CD4-gp160 complexes were identifiable in OM-10.1 cell lysates at time points following TNF-alpha induction after surface CD4 was no longer detectable. Surface CD4 expression by OM-10.1 cells returned once viral activation ceased and could be repeatedly oscillated upon HIV-1 reactivation. Furthermore, inhibition of protein kinase activity following maximal TNF-alpha-stimulation of OM-10.1 cells quickly returned activated HIV-1 to a state of latency, as evidenced by an accelerated return of surface CD4. These results with the new OM-10.1 cell line demonstrate that CD4 surface expression can be maintained during chronic infection and is critically dependent on the state of viral activation, that CD4-gp160 intracellular complexing is involved in CD4 down-modulation, and that protein kinase pathways not only function in the primary induction of latent HIV-1 but also are required for maintaining the state of viral activation. C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP BUTERA, ST (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 129 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 65 IS 9 BP 4645 EP 4653 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA GB018 UT WOS:A1991GB01800011 PM 1678437 ER PT J AU ANANABA, GA ANDERSON, LJ AF ANANABA, GA ANDERSON, LJ TI ANTIBODY ENHANCEMENT OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS STIMULATION OF LEUKOTRIENE PRODUCTION BY A MACROPHAGELIKE CELL-LINE SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARACHIDONIC-ACID METABOLISM; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; HUMAN-PLATELETS; SRS-A; INFECTION; RELEASE; IGE AB The clinical and epidemiologic features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections suggest that RSV-specific antibody may sometimes contribute to the disease process. Recently, it has been demonstrated that virus-specific antibody can enhance RSV infection of macrophagelike cells in vitro. We evaluated the possibility that antibody might also enhance RSV stimulation of the bronchoactive mediator of inflammation leukotriene C-4 (LTC4) in a macrophagelike cell line, U937. The addition of RSV led to little increase in LTC4 production, but addition of RSV plus anti-RSV antibody increased production to a level similar to that achieved with calcium ionophore, a known stimulator of LTC4 production. The antibody-enhanced increase in LTC4 production occurred rapidly (within 15 min), peaked at 60 min, and achieved levels 1.5- to 3.0-fold above that for cells or cells plus virus. RSV plus anti-RSV antibodies in the form of polyclonal serum, monoclonal antibodies, or F(ab')2 fragments and parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 plus their respective antibodies all increased LTC4 levels over that for the virus alone. These results demonstrate that antibody plus the corresponding virus or protein can increase leukotriene production. This phenomenon could contribute to diseases, such as RSV bronchiolitis, that appear to be caused by an interaction between the virus (or antigen) and host immunity. RP ANANABA, GA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 65 IS 9 BP 5052 EP 5060 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA GB018 UT WOS:A1991GB01800061 PM 1870211 ER PT J AU JANSSEN, RS KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF HAMMOND, R LECHTENBERG, R LAIRMORE, M CHIASSON, MA PUNSALANG, A ROBERTS, B MCKENDALL, RR ROSENBLUM, M BREW, B FARRAYE, J HOWLEY, DJ FERARU, E SPARR, S VECCHIO, J SILVERMAN, M MCHARG, M GORIN, B RUGG, DR GRENELL, S TRIMBLE, B BRUINING, K GUHA, S AMARANENI, P PRICE, RW AF JANSSEN, RS KAPLAN, JE KHABBAZ, RF HAMMOND, R LECHTENBERG, R LAIRMORE, M CHIASSON, MA PUNSALANG, A ROBERTS, B MCKENDALL, RR ROSENBLUM, M BREW, B FARRAYE, J HOWLEY, DJ FERARU, E SPARR, S VECCHIO, J SILVERMAN, M MCHARG, M GORIN, B RUGG, DR GRENELL, S TRIMBLE, B BRUINING, K GUHA, S AMARANENI, P PRICE, RW TI HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD AB HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is endemic in the Caribbean basin and Japan. Because of the close proximity of the United States to the Caribbean and the presence of HTLV-I-seropositive persons in the United States, we sought reports of patients who were HTLV-I seropositive and had a slowly progressive myelopathy. Over a 2-year period, there were 25 patients reported, 19 of whom were black and 12 of whom had been born in the United States. All patients except two had become symptomatic while living in the United States. Six patients had no apparent risk factor for acquiring HTLV-I. These data demonstrate that HAM/TSP is occurring in the United States and that the diagnosis of HAM/TSP should be considered in patients with a slowly progressive myelopathy regardless of risk factors for acquiring HTLV-I. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. LONG ISL COLL HOSP,BROOKLYN,NY 11201. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,NEW YORK,NY 10013. UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,GALVESTON,TX 77550. MEM HOSP CANC & ALLIED DIS,NEW YORK,NY 10021. ST VINCENTS HOSP,SYDNEY,NSW 2010,AUSTRALIA. CITY HOSP CTR,ELMHURST,NY 11373. CITY HOSP CTR,HILTON HEAD,SC. KEITH MED GRP,LOS ANGELES,CA. MONTEFIORE MED CTR,BRONX,NY 10467. HOSP SAN RAPHAEL,NEW HAVEN,CT. PRESBYTERIAN MED CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA. BRONX MUNICIPAL HOSP CTR,BRONX,NY. BRONX CROSS CTY MED GRP,BRONX,NY. ALASKA NATIVE MED CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK. Q&R CLIN,BISMARCK,ND. UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH MED,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. RI Brew, Bruce/J-6513-2012 NR 10 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1355 EP 1357 PG 3 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA GF401 UT WOS:A1991GF40100007 PM 1891080 ER PT J AU BOSSE, D ADES, E AF BOSSE, D ADES, E TI STUDIES OF ADENOVIRUS SUBTYPES AND DOWN-REGULATION OF HLA CLASS-I EXPRESSION - CORRELATIONS TO NATURAL-KILLER-MEDIATED CYTOLYSIS SO PATHOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HLA EXPRESSION; ADENOVIRUS; NK CYTOTOXICITY ID MHC ANTIGENS; CELLS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; REGION; GENES AB Natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity historically has been accepted to be unrelated to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression. However, recent studies have indicated that a decrease in MHC antigen expression leads to a concomitant increase in NK cytotoxicity. We have, therefore, studied the alteration of HLA class I expression by 6 types of adenovirus in the human cell line HEp-2. We conclude that for the 6 types of adenovirus tested, HLA class I expression and NK cytotoxicity are not interrelated. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BLDG 1-3207,D34,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-2008 J9 PATHOBIOLOGY JI Pathobiology PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 59 IS 5 BP 313 EP 315 DI 10.1159/000163669 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Pathology GA FV916 UT WOS:A1991FV91600002 PM 1910525 ER PT J AU BECERRA, JE FRY, YW ROWLEY, DL AF BECERRA, JE FRY, YW ROWLEY, DL TI MORBIDITY ESTIMATES OF CONDITIONS ORIGINATING IN THE PERINATAL-PERIOD - UNITED-STATES, 1986 THROUGH 1987 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE NEONATE; PERINATAL MORBIDITY; LOW BIRTH WEIGHT ID DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS; BIRTH ASPHYXIA; TRAUMA; CARE AB Morbidity estimates of conditions originating in the perinatal period have not been reported in the United States. Conditions originating in the perinatal period were identified according to the International Classification of Diseases. The National Hospital Discharge Survey provided a weighted, nationally representative sample of newborns discharged each year from short-stay, nonfederal hospitals. From 1986 through 1987, 33.7% of all newborns had at least one nonteratologic perinatal condition. However, 6.8% of all newborns had physiologic jaundice as their only discharge diagnosis. Nonphysiologic jaundice was diagnosed in 4.4%, maternal causes of perinatal morbidity in 3.1%, birth trauma in 2.5%, fetal distress in 2.3%, birth asphyxia in 2.1%, and infections specific to the perinatal period in 2.0% of all newborn discharges. The average hospital stay for all newborns was 3.5 days, but it was 5.3 days for newborns with at least one nonteratologic perinatal condition and 2.6 for newborns discharged without a morbid condition. This study provides nationally representative estimates of perinatal morbidity useful for comparisons with smaller hospital-based samples. In addition, the study provides estimates of the public health impact of these conditions in terms of hospital stay days. RP BECERRA, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 1991 VL 88 IS 3 BP 553 EP 559 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GF577 UT WOS:A1991GF57700021 PM 1881736 ER PT J AU SCHMID, GP AF SCHMID, GP TI SYPHILIS TREATMENT UPDATE SO POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SCHMID, GP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 SN 0032-5481 J9 POSTGRAD MED JI Postgrad. Med. PD SEP 1 PY 1991 VL 90 IS 3 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GE040 UT WOS:A1991GE04000003 PM 1652749 ER PT J AU ROUSH, SW HADLER, SC SHAPIRO, CN SCHATZ, GC AF ROUSH, SW HADLER, SC SHAPIRO, CN SCHATZ, GC TI AVAILABILITY AND USE OF HEPATITIS-B VACCINE IN LABORATORY AND NURSING SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED-STATES SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article AB Hepatitis B is a well-documented occupational hazard for health care workers, including both laboratory and nursing personnel. Since the development of effective hepatitis B vaccines, the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) has recommended that health care workers receive the vaccine. In this study, 78 laboratory training programs and 83 nursing training programs were surveyed regarding availability and usage of hepatitis B vaccine. The hepatitis B vaccine was made available to students in 81 percent of the laboratory programs and 23 percent of the nursing programs. In those programs making the vaccine available, only 59 percent of the laboratory programs and 5 percent of the nursing programs reported a high (greater than 75 percent) use by students. Concern about cost and payment for the vaccine was the most common reason (80 percent) noted by laboratory schools that did not have hepatitis B vaccination programs for students. Of the nursing schools that did not have vaccine programs, 58 percent had not yet considered a program. At laboratory schools with vaccination programs, who paid for the vaccine (hospital or school versus student) was among the most important determinants for vaccine usage by students. These findings point out that some laboratory schools and many nursing schools have not applied the ACIP recommendations to their own programs. Educational efforts and creative payment plans for the vaccine are needed to increase the availability and use of hepatitis B vaccine among laboratory and nursing students. RP ROUSH, SW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 106 IS 5 BP 529 EP 535 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GH690 UT WOS:A1991GH69000009 PM 1832779 ER PT J AU WHEELER, FC LACKLAND, DT MACE, ML REDDICK, A HOGELIN, G REMINGTON, PL AF WHEELER, FC LACKLAND, DT MACE, ML REDDICK, A HOGELIN, G REMINGTON, PL TI EVALUATING SOUTH-CAROLINAS COMMUNITY CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION PROJECT SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HEART-HEALTH-PROGRAM; NORTH-KARELIA; CHOLESTEROL; DESIGN; PLASMA; BLOOD AB A community cardiovascular disease prevention program was undertaken as a cooperative effort of the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the Centers for Disease Control of the Public Health Service. As part of the evaluation of the project, a large scale community health survey was conducted by the State and Federal agencies. The successful design and implementation of the survey, which included telephone and in-home interviews as well as clinical assessments of participants, is described. Interview response rates were adequate, although physical assessments were completed on only 61 percent of those interviewed. Households without telephones were difficult and costly to identify, and young adults were difficult to locate for survey participation. The survey produced baseline data for program planning and for measuring the success of ongoing intervention efforts. Survey data also have been used to estimate the prevalence of selected cardiovascular disease risk factors. C1 S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,CTR HLTH PROMOT,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,DIV CLIN LABS,COLUMBIA,SC 29201. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WHEELER, FC (reprint author), S CAROLINA DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM CONTROL,S CAROLINA CARDIOVASC DIS PREVENT PROJECT,2600 BULL ST,COLUMBIA,SC 29201, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU4O2234] NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 106 IS 5 BP 536 EP 542 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GH690 UT WOS:A1991GH69000010 PM 1910187 ER PT J AU GEORGESCOURBOT, MC MONGES, J SIOPATHIS, MR ROUNGOU, JB GRESENGUET, G BELLEC, L BOUQUETY, JC LANCKRIET, C CADOZ, M HESSEL, L GOUVEA, V CLARK, F GEORGES, AJ AF GEORGESCOURBOT, MC MONGES, J SIOPATHIS, MR ROUNGOU, JB GRESENGUET, G BELLEC, L BOUQUETY, JC LANCKRIET, C CADOZ, M HESSEL, L GOUVEA, V CLARK, F GEORGES, AJ TI EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF A LOW-PASSAGE BOVINE ROTAVIRUS (STRAIN WC3) VACCINE IN CHILDREN IN CENTRAL AFRICA SO RESEARCH IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ROTAVIRUS; VACCINE; WC3 STRAIN; EFFICACY; IMMUNE RESPONSE; CENTRAL AFRICA ID SEROTYPE-1 REASSORTANT; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFANTS; PROTECTION; DIARRHEA; RIT-4237; TRIAL; LIVE; GASTROENTERITIS; IMMUNOGENICITY AB The safety and efficacy of a WC3 rotavirus vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 472 children in Bangui (Central African Republic). Each child received two doses of either placebo (235 children) or vaccine (237 children) at a 1-month interval, the first dose being given at 3 months of age. During the follow-up survey 9 months after the first dose, 117 rotavirus diarrhoeas were observed, 59 in the placebo group, 58 in the vaccinated group. The only positive effect of the vaccine was a significantly higher proportion of mild rotavirus diarrhoeal episodes in the vaccinated group than in the placebo group. Of the children in the vaccinated group, 60 % had a positive immune response to WC3 rotavirus when tested by plaque reduction seroneutralization. C1 INST PASTEUR,BANGUI,CENT AFR REPUBL. UNIV BANGUI,CTR NATL HOSP,BANGUI,CENT AFR REPUBL. MINT HLTH & SOCIAL DEPT,BANGUI,CENT AFR REPUBL. INST MERIEUX,CHARBONNIERES,FRANCE. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNITS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. WISTAR INST,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. NR 26 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 141 RUE JAVEL, 75747 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2516 J9 RES VIROLOGY JI Res. Virol. PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 142 IS 5 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/0923-2516(91)90008-Q PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA GQ181 UT WOS:A1991GQ18100008 PM 1663261 ER PT J AU RIDDERHOF, JC WALLACE, RJ KILBURN, JO BUTLER, WR WARREN, NG TSUKAMURA, M STEELE, LC WONG, ES AF RIDDERHOF, JC WALLACE, RJ KILBURN, JO BUTLER, WR WARREN, NG TSUKAMURA, M STEELE, LC WONG, ES TI CHRONIC TENOSYNOVITIS OF THE HAND DUE TO MYCOBACTERIUM-NONCHROMOGENICUM - USE OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF ISOLATES SO REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SLOWLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; TERRAE TENOSYNOVITIS; RADISH BACILLUS; MYCOLIC ACIDS; INFECTION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; COMPLEX AB Six cases of chronic tenosynovitis of the hand due to the Mycobacterium terrae complex were identified. All isolates from the six cases were identified as Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum by high-performance liquid chromatography and by testing for susceptibility to ofloxacin and to 5% NaCl. Ethambutol, sulfonamides (or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), erythromycin, and streptomycin are the drugs most active against isolates of the M. terrae complex, and therapy with some combination of these agents plus surgical debridement offers the best current treatment of this disease. This study supports the contention arising from previous case reports of pulmonary disease that M. nonchromogenicum is the pathogenic member of the M. terrae complex. C1 UNIV TEXAS,CTR HLTH,DEPT MICROBIOL,TYLER,TX. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,MYCROBACTERIAL DRUG RESISTANCE LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DIV CONSOLIDATED LAB SERV,RICHMOND,VA. VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,DEPT MED,RICHMOND,VA 23298. NATL CHUBU HOSP,OBU AICHI,JAPAN. RP RIDDERHOF, JC (reprint author), DELAWARE HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,DIV PUBL HLTH,OFF LABS,POB 1047,SMYRNA,DE 19977, USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0162-0886 J9 REV INFECT DIS PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 13 IS 5 BP 857 EP 864 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA GJ459 UT WOS:A1991GJ45900014 PM 1962098 ER PT J AU PATRIARCA, PA WRIGHT, PF JOHN, TJ AF PATRIARCA, PA WRIGHT, PF JOHN, TJ TI FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES - REVIEW SO REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; ENHANCED-POTENCY; PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULES; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; INFANTS; CHILDREN; LIVE; TRIVALENT AB Although rates of seroconversion following administration of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (TOPV) approach 100% in industrialized countries, only 73% (range, 36%-99%) and 70% (range, 40%-99%) of children in developing countries have detectable antibody to poliovirus types 1 and 3, respectively, after three doses. While factors accounting for these differences have not been fully elucidated, available data suggest that type 2 vaccine virus and enteric pathogens often interfere with responses to types 1 and 3 vaccine viruses but that this interference may be overcome by modifying the absolute and relative dosage of the three Sabin types. Increasing the interval between doses beyond 30 days may also be important, in view of the prolonged excretion of vaccine virus and the potential for interference with responses to subsequent doses. Although advances in molecular biology may ultimately lead to the development of more-immunogenic vaccine candidates, approaches such as increasing the number of doses of TOPV, mass vaccination campaigns, and combined use of oral and inactivated vaccines should also be considered. C1 WHO,EXPANDED PROGRAMME IMMUNIZAT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. CHRISTIAN MED COLL & HOSP,VELLORE 632004,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. RP PATRIARCA, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,MAILSTOP E05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 148 TC 267 Z9 272 U1 5 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0162-0886 J9 REV INFECT DIS PD SEP-OCT PY 1991 VL 13 IS 5 BP 926 EP 939 PG 14 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA GJ459 UT WOS:A1991GJ45900026 PM 1660184 ER PT J AU KARON, JM AF KARON, JM TI USING PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSES IN MONITORING A CLINICAL-TRIAL SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In clinical trials there is delay between the occurrence of an event and the recording of that event as an end point in the trial data base. Delays are especially likely if events are reviewed carefully to determine whether diagnostic criteria for end points are satisfied. As a result, the value of a statistic used to evaluate efficacy during a trial may differ from the value of that statistic based on the true end point status of all events which have already occurred. Simulating the process causing delays can be useful in evaluating interim efficacy data by providing a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty in a monitoring statistic. These ideas are illustrated using data from the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. RP KARON, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS E-48,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1-HV-1-2243-L] NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1341 EP 1348 DI 10.1002/sim.4780100903 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA GC196 UT WOS:A1991GC19600002 PM 1925165 ER PT J AU WUNDERLI, PS SHADDOCK, JH SCHMID, DS MILLER, TJ BAER, GM AF WUNDERLI, PS SHADDOCK, JH SCHMID, DS MILLER, TJ BAER, GM TI THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF HUMORAL NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN THE NIH POTENCY TEST FOR RABIES VACCINES SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RABIES; HUMORAL NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; NIH POTENCY TEST; MICE ID CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; T-CELL; VIRUS-INFECTION; MICE; RESPONSES; RECOVERY AB Intraperitoneal vaccination of mice with rabies vaccine results in both dosage-dependent rabies virus neutralizing antibody titres and protection from lethal intracerebral (i.c.) challenge with fixed strain CVS rabies virus. Pre-exposure adoptive intravenous transfer of naive or immune cells did not significantly protect naive Balb/c mice from lethal i.c. CVS challenge, but immune serum and anti-rabies glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (individually and in combination) did confer significant protection when administered before or up to 24 h after lethal i.c. rabies virus challenge. C1 SMITHKLINE BEECHAM ANIM HLTH,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA 19406. RP WUNDERLI, PS (reprint author), US PHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP PY 1991 VL 9 IS 9 BP 638 EP 642 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90188-C PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA GC529 UT WOS:A1991GC52900006 PM 1950097 ER PT J AU ICENOGLE, JP SATHYA, P MILLER, DL TUCKER, RA RAWLS, WE AF ICENOGLE, JP SATHYA, P MILLER, DL TUCKER, RA RAWLS, WE TI NUCLEOTIDE AND AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE VARIATION IN THE L1 AND E7 OPEN READING FRAMES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-6 AND TYPE-16 SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; GENOME ORGANIZATION; DNA-SEQUENCE; CELL-LINE; CARCINOMA; PROTEINS; BINDING; VIRUS; GENE; PHOSPHORYLATION C1 MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,HAMILTON L8N 3Z5,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP ICENOGLE, JP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP PY 1991 VL 184 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90826-W PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA GA345 UT WOS:A1991GA34500012 PM 1651585 ER PT J AU XU, X RUO, SL TANG, YW FISHERHOCH, SP MCCORMICK, JB AF XU, X RUO, SL TANG, YW FISHERHOCH, SP MCCORMICK, JB TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF GLYCOPROTEIN GENE OF HANTAVIRUS-R22 STRAIN ISOLATED FROM RATTUS-NORVEGICUS IN CHINA SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; M-GENOME SEGMENT; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; HANTAAN VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CODING STRATEGY; LASSA VIRUS; GUINEA-PIGS; S-GENOME AB A cDNA containing the complete open reading frame of the M genome segment of Hantavirus R22 strain isolated from Rattus norvegicus in China, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then cloned. The M segment is 3656 nucleotides in length with a predicted region of 3402 bases encoding a precursor glycoprotein of 1134 amino acids subsequently processed into viral glycoproteins 1 and 2 (G1 and G2). A strain comparison between R22 and SR11 (isolated from a rat in Japan), and Hantaan 76-118 (isolated from Apodemus in Korea), and Hallnas B1 (isolated from a bank vole in Sweden) revealed 95%, 74%, and 53% homologies at the deduced amino acid sequence level respectively. This suggests that the rodent host species may be a more important determinant of genetic relationships than geographic proximity. Six potential asparagine linked glycosylation sites (five in G1 and one in G2) were identified, and among them all are conserved in SR11, five in Hantaan virus and four in Hallnas B1 virus. Although different degrees of homology exist among these four viruses at amino acid sequence level, more than 90% of the cysteine residues are conserved, suggesting that structural homology may be very strong between the Hantaviruses. Genetic differences in the M segment genome of R22 and SR11 viruses, within the same serotype viruses, were found as random coding changes; some limited to single amino acids, others in clusters. A recombinant vaccinia virus that contained the fully activated M segment cDNA of R22 was constructed. This recombinant virus expressed two glycoproteins G1 and G2 identical to R22 virus G1 and G2 in molecular weight, cleavage pattern and cellular immunofluorescent patterns. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 35 EP 52 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA GL911 UT WOS:A1991GL91100003 PM 1962503 ER PT J AU GARCIA, HH MARTINEZ, M GILMAN, R HERRERA, G TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB DIAZ, F VERASTEGUI, M GALLO, C PORRAS, M ALVARADO, M NARANJO, J MIRANDA, E AF GARCIA, HH MARTINEZ, M GILMAN, R HERRERA, G TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JB DIAZ, F VERASTEGUI, M GALLO, C PORRAS, M ALVARADO, M NARANJO, J MIRANDA, E TI DIAGNOSIS OF CYSTICERCOSIS IN ENDEMIC REGIONS SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; ASSAY AB Taenia solium cysticercosis is a frequent cause of neurological disease in developing countries. Specific diagnosis of cysticercosis is difficult. We obtained serum and/or CSF samples from 204 consecutive patients admitted to a neurological ward in Lima, Peru, and looked for antibodies specific for T solium with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. 21 (12%) of 173 serum samples from these patients were EITB-positive. In contrast, only 2 (1.5%) of 135 patients attending a public endoscopy clinic and 1 (1%) of 88 patients attending a private endoscopy clinic were seropositive. 1 (1%) of 98 pregnant women living in a Lima shanty town was EITB-positive. 15 (58%) of 26 neurology patients diagnosed clinically as having cysticercosis were seronegative. Routine screening by EITB of all patients with neurological symptoms from areas of endemic cysticercosis would avoid misdiagnosis of this common and treatable disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA,LIMA,PERU. INST NACL CIENCIAS NEUROL,LIMA,PERU. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. FU Wellcome Trust [057434] NR 19 TC 78 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 31 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8766 BP 549 EP 551 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GD002 UT WOS:A1991GD00200013 PM 1678809 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, DJ POLITCH, JA MARTINEZ, A VANVOORHIS, BJ PADIAN, NS OBRIEN, TR AF ANDERSON, DJ POLITCH, JA MARTINEZ, A VANVOORHIS, BJ PADIAN, NS OBRIEN, TR TI WHITE BLOOD-CELLS AND HIV-1 IN SEMEN FROM VASECTOMIZED SEROPOSITIVE MEN SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, SAN FRANCISCO GEN HOSP, DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94110 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP ANDERSON, DJ (reprint author), BRIGHAM & WOMENS HOSP, DEPT OBSTET GYNECOL & REPROD BIOL, FEARING RES LAB, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. NR 7 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 31 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8766 BP 573 EP 574 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91139-L PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GD002 UT WOS:A1991GD00200036 PM 1678827 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, B SCHUCHAT, A OXTOBY, MJ COCHI, SL HIGHTOWER, A BROOME, CV AF SCHWARTZ, B SCHUCHAT, A OXTOBY, MJ COCHI, SL HIGHTOWER, A BROOME, CV TI INVASIVE GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE IN ADULTS - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN METROPOLITAN ATLANTA SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BACTEREMIA; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY; VACCINE; COUNTY; WOMEN AB Objective.-To define the incidence and clinical spectrum of group B streptococcus infection in adults. To characterize groups at increased risk for infection. Design.-Retrospective population-based surveillance of group B streptococcus infections occurring in adults. Patients were identified by review of microbiology records at all surveillance area hospital laboratories. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patient medical records. Setting.-Metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, 1982 through 1983. Patients.-We identified 70 adult patients with invasive group B streptococcus infections; 14 infections occurred in pregnant women and 56 in nonpregnant adults. Results.-The annual incidence of group B streptococcus infection in men and nonpregnant women was 2.4 cases per 100 000 population. Incidence increased with age and was higher in blacks than in whites. The case-fatality rate was 32%. Group B streptococcus was most often isolated from blood (71%) and soft tissue (16%). Common clinical presentations included skin and soft-tissue infection (36%), bacteremia without focus (34%), pneumonia (11%), arthritis (9%), and endocarditis (9%). Compared with the general population's risk of infection, the risk of infection in persons with diabetes mellitus was increased 10.5-fold (95% confidence interval [Cl], 7.8 to 14.4); in persons with cancer, it was increased 16.4-fold (95% Cl, 11.5 to 23.3). Conclusions.-Group B streptococcus infections cause serious disease in adults as well as in neonates, providing an additional rationale for vaccine development. Determining the incidence of adult disease and groups at greatest risk will help in focusing prevention efforts. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,STAT SERV ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 22 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 28 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 8 BP 1112 EP 1114 DI 10.1001/jama.266.8.1112 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GB975 UT WOS:A1991GB97500035 PM 1865545 ER PT J AU BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV AF BONIN, MA ASHLEY, DL CARDINALI, FL MCCRAW, JM WOOTEN, JV TI MEASURING TRACE LEVELS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS IN HUMAN BLOOD BY USING PURGE AND TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 1 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101487 ER PT J AU HILL, RH HEAD, SL SHEALY, DB ALLEY, CC BAILEY, SL GREGG, M NEEDHAM, LL AF HILL, RH HEAD, SL SHEALY, DB ALLEY, CC BAILEY, SL GREGG, M NEEDHAM, LL TI MEASUREMENT OF URINARY PHENOLIC METABOLITES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE UNITED-STATES POPULATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 2 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101488 ER PT J AU NEEDHAM, LL HOLLER, JS AF NEEDHAM, LL HOLLER, JS TI THE APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC-HEALTH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 7 EP ASCS PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG081 UT WOS:A1991HG08101493 ER PT J AU SEXTON, JD AF SEXTON, JD TI PESTICIDES IN PUBLIC-HEALTH SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1991 VL 202 BP 57 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA HG080 UT WOS:A1991HG08000271 ER PT J AU WENGER, JD PIERCE, R DEAVER, KA PLIKAYTIS, BD FACKLAM, RR BROOME, CV AF WENGER, JD PIERCE, R DEAVER, KA PLIKAYTIS, BD FACKLAM, RR BROOME, CV TI EFFICACY OF HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE TYPE-B POLYSACCHARIDE-DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE IN UNITED-STATES CHILDREN AGED 18-59 MONTHS SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; DISEASE; INFANTS; SAFETY; COUNTY AB Vaccines prepared from the polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule of Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) have not consistently shown good efficacy in protecting children aged over 18 months from invasive Hib disease. To evaluate the efficacy of conjugate-PRP vaccines in this age-group, and to compare their effect with that of PRP vaccines, a post-marketing case-control study was conducted among 10 400 000 persons. Between Oct 1, 1988, and Feb 28, 1990, 75 patients with Hib disease and 161 control children between 18 and 60 months of age were enrolled. To minimise potentially confounding socioeconomic variables, controls were selected either from among patients' classmates at their day-care centre or from among family acquaintances. 9 of the 75 patients had received the diphtheria toxoid conjugate Hib vaccine more than 2 weeks before onset of illness. After adjusting for age and household crowding, the efficacy of PRP Hib vaccine was 64% (95% Cl = -20, 89) and efficacy of the diphtheria toxoid conjugate Hib vaccine was 74% (95% Cl = 30, 90). The study shows that the protective efficacy of this conjugate vaccine is less than ideal and highlights the need for additional post-licensing studies to confirm and expand understanding of the efficacy of these new products. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 21 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 17 PY 1991 VL 338 IS 8764 BP 395 EP 398 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GB446 UT WOS:A1991GB44600001 PM 1678080 ER PT J AU IRWIN, KL WEISS, NS LEE, NC PETERSON, HB AF IRWIN, KL WEISS, NS LEE, NC PETERSON, HB TI TUBAL-STERILIZATION, HYSTERECTOMY, AND THE SUBSEQUENT OCCURRENCE OF EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; HYSTERECTOMY; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; OVARIECTOMY; STERILIZATION; STERILIZATION, TUBAL ID RISK-FACTORS; TALC; LIGATION; NUMBER AB Several hypotheses predict that tubal sterilization and hysterectomy may influence a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer. To examine the relation between these surgeries and epithelial ovarian cancer, the authors analyzed data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, a case-control study of women aged 20-54 years. Eight population-based cancer registries in the United States identified women with newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer during 1980-1982 (n = 494). A comparison sample of female residents of these eight areas (n = 4,238) was identified through random digit dialing. Women who had had tubal sterilization (relative risk (RR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.95), a hysterectomy only (RR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.81), or a hysterectomy with unilateral oophorectomy (RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.31-1.17) had lower risks of ovarian cancer than did women who had never had any sterilization surgery. However, the negative associations with tubal sterilization and hysterectomy only appeared to wane after two decades. These findings may be partly explained by the screening for occult ovarian pathology that often accompanies pelvic surgery: Women whose ovaries screen as "negative" may be temporarily at low risk of being diagnosed with ovarian cancer. However, because the decreased risks persisted for so long, it is conceivable that hormonal, mechanical, or circulatory sequelae of these sterilization procedures may act to lower ovarian cancer risk. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP IRWIN, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5 R35 CA39779, 5 T32 CA09168]; NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 38 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 4 BP 362 EP 369 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD317 UT WOS:A1991GD31700005 PM 1877597 ER PT J AU LEW, JF SWERDLOW, DL DANCE, ME GRIFFIN, PM BOPP, CA GILLENWATER, MJ MERCATANTE, T GLASS, RI AF LEW, JF SWERDLOW, DL DANCE, ME GRIFFIN, PM BOPP, CA GILLENWATER, MJ MERCATANTE, T GLASS, RI TI AN OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLOSIS ABOARD A CRUISE SHIP CAUSED BY A MULTIPLE-ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAIN OF SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANTIBIOTICS; DIARRHEA; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; GASTROENTERITIS; SHIGELLA-FLEXNERI; SHIPS; TRAVEL ID RISK-FACTORS; INDIA AB From October 23 to October 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the Caribbean. The 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. Multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. Thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illness was associated with taking an antibiotic to which the isolated strain of Shigella was resistant. A case-control study of food items implicated German potato salad as the vehicle of transmission. It was prepared and probably infected by a food handler from a country where multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella is common. Spread may have been facilitated by the limited availability of toilet facilities for the galley crew. This outbreak demonstrates how antibiotic-resistant strains can be introduced into the United States, where they ran pose treatment problems. The continuing problem of foodborne gastrointestinal disease in settings such as cruise ships underscores the need for basic hygienic control for food handlers and food preparation areas. In addition, the availability of adequate working conditions for crew members, including appropriately furnished toilet facilities, may be important issues that must be addressed in order to decrease the frequency of diarrhea outbreaks aboard cruise ships. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,BLACKSBURG,VA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEW, JF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 4 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD317 UT WOS:A1991GD31700010 PM 1652203 ER PT J AU HUGHES, JM POTTER, ME AF HUGHES, JM POTTER, ME TI SCOMBROID-FISH POISONING - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP HUGHES, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 7 BP 516 EP 517 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GA763 UT WOS:A1991GA76300018 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF GIOVINO, GA MADANS, J ANDA, RF BYERS, T AF WILLIAMSON, DF GIOVINO, GA MADANS, J ANDA, RF BYERS, T TI SMOKING CESSATION AND SEVERITY OF WEIGHT-GAIN - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 7 BP 517 EP 518 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA GA763 UT WOS:A1991GA76300021 ER PT J AU COBB, N ETZEL, RA AF COBB, N ETZEL, RA TI UNINTENTIONAL CARBON-MONOXIDE RELATED DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1988 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; MORTALITY; ARRHYTHMIAS; EXPOSURE; ANGINA AB Objective.-To describe the epidemiology of recent unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in the United States. Design.-Descriptive analysis of carbon monoxide-related deaths in the United States from 1979 through 1988, based on death certificate reports compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Population Studied.-All US deaths, 1979 through 1988. Results.-We reviewed data from 56 133 death certificates that contained codes implicating carbon monoxide as a contributing cause of death. Of these, 25 889 were suicides, 21 0 were homicides, 15 523 were associated with severe burns or house fires, and 11 547 were classified as unintentional. The number of unintentional deaths decreased steadily by about 63 deaths per year, from 1513 in 1979 to 878 in 1988. The highest death rates occurred in winter and among males, blacks, the elderly, and residents of northern states. Motor vehicle exhaust gas caused 6552 (57%) of the unintentional deaths; 5432 (83%) of these were associated with stationary automobiles. Conclusions.-The rate of unintentional death from carbon monoxide poisoning is decreasing. This may be attributable to improvements in automobile pollution control systems and improved safety of cooking and heating appliances. Prevention programs should target young drivers, males, and the elderly. RP COBB, N (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 7 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 5 BP 659 EP 663 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FZ140 UT WOS:A1991FZ14000023 PM 1712865 ER PT J AU PAREKH, BS PAU, CP GRANADE, TC RAYFIELD, M DECOCK, KM GAYLE, H SCHOCHETMAN, G GEORGE, JR AF PAREKH, BS PAU, CP GRANADE, TC RAYFIELD, M DECOCK, KM GAYLE, H SCHOCHETMAN, G GEORGE, JR TI OLIGOMERIC NATURE OF TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS OF HIV-2 - PROCEDURES FOR THEIR EFFICIENT DISSOCIATION AND PREPARATION OF WESTERN BLOTS FOR DIAGNOSIS SO AIDS LA English DT Note DE HIV-2 DIAGNOSIS; TRANSMEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN OLIGOMERS; DUAL REACTIVITY; WESTERN BLOT ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; AIDS AB Western blot (WB) analysis of various strains of HIV-2 indicated that transmembrane glycoprotein (TMP) of HIV-2 exists as trimers. These trimers have molecular weights and electrophoretic mobilities in the region of the major external glycoprotein, gp120, resulting in WB misidentification during diagnosis. A simple and rapid procedure was developed using trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to efficiently dissociate oligomeric forms of the TMP to monomers prior to the preparation of WB. This procedure permitted the unambiguous identification of antibodies to gp120 and to the TMP. Use of HIV-2 WB strips without any oligomeric forms of the TMP demonstrated (1) that cross reactivity of HIV-1-positive specimens on HIV-2 WB was mainly directed to Gag and Pol proteins, with some reactivity to gp36/gp41 TMP, but none to gp120; (2) that these strips can substantially reduce the number of specimens falsely identified as dually (HIV-1 and HIV-2) reactive; and (3) that HIV-2-positive specimens reacted to viral gp120 in a strain-specific manner, demonstrating high antigenic variation in this glycoprotein. It is recommended that this general procedure of viral protein dissociation be used for HIV-2 WB preparation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP PAREKH, BS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,LAB INVEST BRANCH,DIV HIV AIDS,MS D12,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG PY 1991 VL 5 IS 8 BP 1009 EP 1013 DI 10.1097/00002030-199108000-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GB651 UT WOS:A1991GB65100013 PM 1777159 ER PT J AU LAL, RB GRIFFIS, KP AF LAL, RB GRIFFIS, KP TI PREDICTIVE B-CELL AND T-CELL LINEAR EPITOPES IN STRUCTURAL PROTEINS OF HTLV-I, HTLV-II, AND STLV-I SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS TYPE-I; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; ANTIGENIC SITES; GENOME; GENE AB The primary amino acid sequences derived from the gag, pol, and env gene products of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) and the env protein of simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) were aligned and computer algorithms were used to predict B- and T-cell epitopes. Structural B- and T-cell motifs that showed amino acid sequence conservation of antigenic determinants in HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and STLV-I, as well as different antigenic determinants of HTLV-I and HTLV-II, were identified. Several of these B and T epitopes have been shown experimentally to be immunodominant and two of the B epitopes have been used for type-specific serology. These predictive epitopes provide a guide to develop improved diagnostic assays and for the development of potential subunit vaccines for HILV-I and HTLV-II. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 7 IS 8 BP 663 EP 670 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.663 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA GC166 UT WOS:A1991GC16600004 PM 1718345 ER PT J AU ABELL, MT DOEMENY, LJ AF ABELL, MT DOEMENY, LJ TI MONITORING THE PERFORMANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH LABORATORIES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To monitor the performance of occupational health laboratories analyzing workplace air, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), with assistance from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, has established four national quality assurance programs. They are the Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program, the AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Program, the Asbestos Analysts Registry, and the Bulk Quality Assurance Program. This paper focuses on the PAT program, a quality audit program that provides samples of asbestos, silica, metals, and solvents to laboratories quarterly. PAT data for asbestos, silica, and lead were examined for trends in precision. Simple graphs of coefficient of variation during the 18-yr history of the program provide evidence of improved agreement among laboratories performing these analyses. The improvement took place in spite of growth in the number of laboratories and decreases in the levels being analyzed. The improvement is attributed to several factors, including improved analytical methods and the very existence of the PAT and AIHA Laboratory Accreditation Programs. C1 NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 52 IS 8 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA KC588 UT WOS:A1991KC58800008 PM 1656722 ER PT J AU DESENCLOS, JCA KLONTZ, KC WOLFE, LE HOECHERL, S AF DESENCLOS, JCA KLONTZ, KC WOLFE, LE HOECHERL, S TI THE RISK OF VIBRIO ILLNESS IN THE FLORIDA RAW OYSTER EATING POPULATION, 1981-1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DIABETES-MELLITUS; GASTROENTERITIS; LIVER DISEASES; OYSTERS; RISK; SEPTICEMIA; SHELLFISH; VIBRIO ID CHOLERAE GASTROENTERITIS; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; VULNIFICUS INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEATURES AB In the period 1981-1988, 333 cases of bacteriologically confirmed Vibrio illness were reported in Florida adult residents. A total of 197 patients (59.2%) had consumed raw oysters the week prior to becoming ill, and among those 197, 38 (19.3%) had a liver disease, 13 (6.6%) had past gastric surgery, and 15 (7.6%) were diabetic. To calculate a population-based incidence rate, the authors obtained prevalence estimates of annual raw oyster consumption, liver disease, previous gastric surgery, and diabetes through a random telephone survey of Florida adult residents and applied them to the January 1985 Florida population. The estimated age-standardized annual incidence of Vibrio illness per million was 95.4 for raw oyster eaters with liver disease, 9.2 for raw oyster eaters without liver disease, and 2.2 for non-raw oyster eaters. Those with prior gastric surgery had a moderately increased risk of Vibrio illness. The annual incidence for Vibrio septicemia was 82.8 for raw oyster eaters with liver disease, 2.0 for raw oyster eaters without liver disease, and 0.4 for non-raw oyster eaters. While estimates on which these data are based are subject to a number of potential biases, this is the first study to provide estimates of the risk of Vibrio illness in raw oyster eaters, and it supports the recommendation that raw oyster consumption should be avoided by persons with liver disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FLORIDA DEPT HLTH & REHAB SERV,TALLAHASSEE,FL. NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 3 BP 290 EP 297 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GB746 UT WOS:A1991GB74600008 PM 1877587 ER PT J AU LINKINS, RW COMSTOCK, GW AF LINKINS, RW COMSTOCK, GW TI DEPRESSED MOOD AND DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID SMOKING C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,HAGERSTOWN,MD 21742. RP LINKINS, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 3 BP 325 EP 326 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GB746 UT WOS:A1991GB74600012 ER PT J AU SIEBER, WK SUNDIN, DS FRAZIER, TM ROBINSON, CF AF SIEBER, WK SUNDIN, DS FRAZIER, TM ROBINSON, CF TI DEVELOPMENT, USE, AND AVAILABILITY OF A JOB EXPOSURE MATRIX BASED ON NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD SURVEY DATA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; SURVEILLANCE; INDUSTRY; OCCUPATION; NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD SURVEY; LEAD; CASE-CONTROL STUDY ID CANCER; DEATH; LUNG AB A job exposure matrix has been developed based on potential exposure data collected during the 1972-1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey (NOHS). The survey sample was representative of all U.S. non-agricultural businesses covered under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 and employing eight or more employees. Potential worker exposure to all chemical, physical, or biological agents was recorded during the field survey if certain minimum guidelines for exposure were met. The job exposure matrix (JEM) itself is a computerized database that assists the user in determining potential chemical or physical exposures in occupational settings. We describe the structure and possible uses of the job exposure matrix. In one example, potential occupational exposures to elemental lead were grouped by industry and occupation. In a second example, the matrix was used to determine exposure classifications in a hypothetical case-control study. Present availability as well as future enhancements of the job exposure matrix are described. RP SIEBER, WK (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200204 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FY040 UT WOS:A1991FY04000003 PM 1951366 ER PT J AU WELCH, LS PLOTKIN, E SCHRADER, S AF WELCH, LS PLOTKIN, E SCHRADER, S TI INDIRECT FERTILITY ANALYSIS IN PAINTERS EXPOSED TO ETHYLENE-GLYCOL ETHERS - SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOME; SEMEN ANALYSIS; QUESTIONNAIRE METHODS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES ID MONOMETHYL ETHER; INDIRECT STANDARDIZATION; SHIPYARD PAINTERS; WORKERS; TOXICITY; RAT; DIBROMIDE AB Semen analysis has proven useful in the clinical diagnosis of infertility and is the most widely used method of monitoring the effects of occupational exposure on male fertility. Collection and analysis of semen samples in a field setting, however, require a highly motivated population and excellent technical resources, limiting the widespread application of the method. Techniques of monitoring male worker fertility using questionnaires to avoid some of the difficulties of semen analysis have been developed. These methods compare the rate of observed births for wives of workers with expected birth rates derived either from U.S. fertility tables or from unexposed workers. The present study compares the sensitivity of this questionnaire method with that of semen analysis in an evaluation of reproductive function in men exposed to ethylene glycol ethers. The reproductive function of 74 married painters exposed to ethylene glycol ethers was compared with that of 51 married controls employed at a shipyard. The groups differed in sperm count, but the questionnaire method showed no effect of exposure on fertility. This analysis suggests that the questionnaire assessment of fertility is less sensitive than semen analysis as a screening tool for male reproductive function. C1 YALE UNIV,SCH MED,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP WELCH, LS (reprint author), GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,DIV OCCUPAT & ENVIRONM HLTH,2300 K ST NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20037, USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700200209 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FY040 UT WOS:A1991FY04000008 PM 1951370 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH COHEN, BH AF KHOURY, MJ BEATY, TH COHEN, BH TI APPLICATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF ATTRIBUTABLE FRACTION IN MEDICAL GENETICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FAMILIAL GENETIC; DISEASE ETIOLOGY ID MATERNAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH; DOWNS-SYNDROME; CLEFT-LIP; DISEASE; RISK; ASSOCIATION; DEFINITION; PREGNANCY; TRISOMY AB Attributable fraction, the fraction of cases of a disease in a population attributed to a particular risk factor, is a useful measure in the design and interpretation of epidemiologic studies of disease etiology. We review here the applications of the concept of attributable fraction in medical genetics. Specifically, attributable fraction can be used 1) in studies of the association between genetic traits and specific diseases to quantitate the contribution of specific alleles to disease occurrence in a population; 2) in population studies of mutations and birth defects to estimate the impact of mutagens and teratogens; and 3) in genetic analyses of family data, to evaluate the contribution of putative single gene loci to disease etiology. In the latter context, the concept of attributable fraction can be contrasted with the more commonly used concept of heritability. Examples from the literature provide illustrations of the usefulness of attributable fraction in medical genetic studies. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABILITIES,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beaty, Terri/A-6032-2008 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 40 IS 2 BP 177 EP 182 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320400211 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FY246 UT WOS:A1991FY24600010 PM 1832818 ER PT J AU ANDRUS, JK FLEMING, DW HEUMANN, MA WASSELL, JT HOPKINS, DD GORDON, J AF ANDRUS, JK FLEMING, DW HEUMANN, MA WASSELL, JT HOPKINS, DD GORDON, J TI SURVEILLANCE OF ATTEMPTED-SUICIDE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN OREGON, 1988 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB In January 1988, Oregon became the first state to require hospital-based reporting of attempted suicide (AS) in all adolescents < 18 years old. From January to December 1988, 644 cases of AS were reported (annual rate of 214 per 100 000 population, ages 10 to 17 years). We compared these 644 cases of AS with all 137 Oregon adolescents < 18 years old who committed suicide in Oregon during the 10-year-period 1979 through 1988, and found that the strongest predictor of outcome was method used. C1 OFF HLTH STATUS MONITORING,OREGON HLTH DIV,PORTLAND,OR. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1991 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1067 EP 1069 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.8.1067 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD219 UT WOS:A1991GD21900025 PM 1854005 ER PT J AU CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW ROGERS, MF AF CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW ROGERS, MF TI CHARACTERISTICS OF INFANT DEATHS DUE TO HIV/AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID WOMEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1991 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1076 EP 1077 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.8.1076 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD219 UT WOS:A1991GD21900030 PM 1854009 ER PT J AU GARZA, A MUTCHINICK, O CORDERO, JF BURSE, VW AF GARZA, A MUTCHINICK, O CORDERO, JF BURSE, VW TI INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN A CLUSTER INVESTIGATION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HEALTH C1 INST NACL NUTR SALVADOR ZUBIRAN,TLALPAN,MEXICO. SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94102. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GARZA, A (reprint author), WHO,PAN AMER HLTH ORG,METEPEC,MEXICO. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 1991 VL 81 IS 8 BP 1077 EP 1078 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.8.1077 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD219 UT WOS:A1991GD21900031 PM 1906686 ER PT J AU COGSWELL, FB COLLINS, WE KROTOSKI, WA LOWRIE, RC AF COGSWELL, FB COLLINS, WE KROTOSKI, WA LOWRIE, RC TI HYPNOZOITES OF PLASMODIUM-SIMIOVALE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXOERYTHROCYTIC SCHIZONTS; PRIMATE MALARIA; RELAPSE; TISSUE AB Hypnozoites of Plasmodium simiovale were detected in liver biopsies from a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) inoculated eight days previously with sporozoites from heavily infected anopheline mosquitoes. The tissue forms, 6-mu in diameter, were found within the cytoplasm of hepatic parenchymal cells by immunofluorescence and restained with Giemsa. This is the first report of latent, pre-erythrocytic stages from an ovale-type relapsing malaria. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US PHS HOSP,DIV NATL HANSENS DIS PROGRAMS,CARVILLE,LA 70721. RP COGSWELL, FB (reprint author), TULANE REG PRIMATE RES CTR,COVINGTON,LA 70433, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00164] NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 45 IS 2 BP 211 EP 213 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GE349 UT WOS:A1991GE34900007 PM 1877716 ER PT J AU MILLET, P ATKINSON, CT AIKAWA, M HOLLINGDALE, MR COLLINS, WE AF MILLET, P ATKINSON, CT AIKAWA, M HOLLINGDALE, MR COLLINS, WE TI STRAIN SPECIFICITY IN THE LIVER-STAGE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM IN PRIMARY CULTURES OF NEW-WORLD MONKEY HEPATOCYTES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EXOERYTHROCYTIC SCHIZONTS; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE ANTIGEN; INVITRO; MALARIA; SPOROZOITES; CYNOMOLGI AB Primary cultures of Aotus and Saimiri monkey hepatocytes were infected with sporozoites of the Plasmodium falciparum NF 54 strain from mosquitoes fed on gametocyte cultures, and with sporozoites of the P. falciparum Santa Lucia strain from mosquitoes fed on an infected Aotus monkey. After 4- 8 days, one exoerythrocytic (EE) parasite per 30,000 sporozoites was detected in one of three experiments performed with the P. falciparum NF54 strain. However, numerous EE parasites were detected in Aotus and Saimiri cells infected with sporozoites of the P. falciparum Santa Lucia strain. At day 6, most of the parasites contained several hundred nuclei, and were morphologically similar to those previously described in vivo using light or electron microscopy. A monoclonal antibody directed against the repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein of P. falciparum labeled the plasma and parasitophorous vacuole membrane of five-day-old EE parasites by immunoelectron microscopy, thus supporting previous observations by immunofluorescence indicating that the CS protein persists throughout the EE development of P. falciparum. These results demonstrate that liver stages of P. falciparum can be obtained in Aotus and Saimiri monkey cells; they also suggest a parasite strain specificity for hepatocytes. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. BIOMED RES INST,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 45 IS 2 BP 236 EP 242 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GE349 UT WOS:A1991GE34900010 PM 1877718 ER PT J AU PORTER, CH COLLINS, FH AF PORTER, CH COLLINS, FH TI SPECIES-DIAGNOSTIC DIFFERENCES IN A RIBOSOMAL DNA INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER FROM THE SIBLING SPECIES ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI AND ANOPHELES-HERMSI (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GAMBIAE COMPLEX; SEQUENCE; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; 5.8S AB Approximately 460 base pairs (bp) of DNA sequence that included the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) and some flanking 5.8S and 28S ribosomal RNA coding regions were compared between the two closely related and morphologically indistinguishable mosquito species Anopheles freeborni and A. hermsi and a third related species, A. occidentalis. Sequences were determined from 14 clones of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA obtained from four colonies of A. freeborni, two colonies of A. hermsi, and one individual A. occidentalis. Four clones showed independent single bp differences from the consensus for the relevant species. Eleven sites differed between the consensus sequences of A. hermsi and A. freeborni; 28 sites differed between A. hermsi and A. occidentalis. With the exception of a single bp mismatch in the 5.8S and two single bp mismatches near the undetermined junction of the ITS2 and 28S regions, all differences were confined to the ITS2 region. A PCR-based species-diagnostic assay for the cryptic species A. hermsi and A. freeborni was developed; it uses four synthetic oligonucleotides, two derived from areas of interspecies sequence difference in the ITS2, and two derived from highly conserved regions in the flanking coding sequences. Small amounts of mosquito DNA amplified in the presence of these four primers produce fragments of diagnostic size for each species: 900 bp for A. freeborni, 350 bp for A. hermsi, and approximately 1.2-1.4 kb for various other Anopheles species tested. We believe that this general approach to the development of species-diagnostic assays can be extended easily to other complexes of closely related, morphologically indistinguishable species. RP PORTER, CH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 195 Z9 211 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 45 IS 2 BP 271 EP 279 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GE349 UT WOS:A1991GE34900015 PM 1877723 ER PT J AU MISHU, B GRIFFIN, PM TAUXE, RV CAMERON, DN HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W AF MISHU, B GRIFFIN, PM TAUXE, RV CAMERON, DN HUTCHESON, RH SCHAFFNER, W TI SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS GASTROENTERITIS TRANSMITTED BY INTACT CHICKEN EGGS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GRADE-A EGGS; INFECTIONS AB Objective: To determine the source and to describe the clinical importance of a large outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis in Tennessee, which is outside the geographic focus of the S. enteritidis pandemic. Design: A case-control study and tracing of the source eggs. Setting: A Tennessee community and a large layer farm in Indiana. Patients: Case patients ate at the implicated restaurant and subsequently developed S. enteritidis gastroenteritis; controls ate with the case patients, but did not develop gastroenteritis. Measurements: Eighty-one case patients were identified; 73 (90%) had eaten egg-containing sauces at a local restaurant on a given evening. The eggs were traced to their farm of origin in Indiana. The farm was inspected 5 weeks after the outbreak. Main Results: Of 24 patients with culture-proved cases, 11 were hospitalized. Hollandaise and bernaise sauces prepared with intact, extra-large, grade-A eggs were strongly associated with illness (P < 0.001). Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from specimens collected from chickens and the farm. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, phage typing, and plasmid profiles of isolates from the farm and from patients were indistinguishable. Conclusions: Salmonella enteritidis infection is a large and growing public health problem that is spreading beyond the northeastern United States. This study shows a direct link between infected poultry flocks and an outbreak of human illness. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37240. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM,NASHVILLE,TN. RP MISHU, B (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MSC09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 27 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 3 BP 190 EP 194 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FY152 UT WOS:A1991FY15200005 PM 2058873 ER PT J AU HAYES, PS GRAVES, LM AJELLO, GW SWAMINATHAN, B WEAVER, RE WENGER, JD SCHUCHAT, A BROOME, CV AF HAYES, PS GRAVES, LM AJELLO, GW SWAMINATHAN, B WEAVER, RE WENGER, JD SCHUCHAT, A BROOME, CV TI COMPARISON OF COLD ENRICHMENT AND UNITED-STATES-DEPARTMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE METHODS FOR ISOLATING LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES FROM NATURALLY CONTAMINATED FOODS SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAW-MILK; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; PLATING MEDIA; RECOVERY; ENUMERATION; SEWAGE; CHEESE; LIQUID; WATER AB We compared the cold enrichment (CE) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) methods for isolating Listeria monocytogenes by examining 402 food samples. The food samples were collected from refrigerators of listeriosis patients as part of a multistate active surveillance project to determine the role of food in sporadic listeriosis in the United States. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 51 food samples (13%). The USDA method was significantly better (P < 0.001) than the CE method. The isolation efficiencies of the USDA and CE methods were 96 and 59%, respectively. Quantitation of L. monocytogenes in the food samples revealed that many food samples containing < 0.3 CFU/g were negative as determined by the CE method but positive as determined by the USDA method. RP HAYES, PS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU FDA HHS [FDA 224-88-2456] NR 37 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 57 IS 8 BP 2109 EP 2113 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FZ250 UT WOS:A1991FZ25000001 PM 1768082 ER PT J AU LOWRY, PW JARVIS, WR AF LOWRY, PW JARVIS, WR TI USE OF TAP WATER AND DISINFECTION PRACTICES IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS - A SURVEY OF OTOLARYNGOLOGISTS SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-FORTUITUM; MASTOIDITIS AB A survey of otolaryngologists belonging to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery was conducted to estimate the frequency of tap water use during otologic examinations and to assess methods used for disinfection of otologic instruments in outpatient settings. Questionnaires were returned by 516 persons residing in 49 states. Tap water was used commonly for rinsing suction tips while suctioning patients even with tympanic membrane perforations (45%). Most respondents (87%) reported that their otologic instruments undergo either high-level disinfection or sterilization between patient examinations; however, only 63% to 67% of respondents reported adequate duration of treatment times (high-level disinfection, greater-than-or-equal-to 30 minutes; boiling, greater-than-or-equal-to 5 minutes; or autoclaving, greater-than-or-equal-to 20 minutes). The risk posed by the use of tap water during otologic examinations and the need for adequate disinfection of otologic instruments between patient examinations are presented. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ROOM 5044,MAILSTOP C-10,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 117 IS 8 BP 886 EP 888 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA GA128 UT WOS:A1991GA12800010 PM 1892621 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL TI CONSTITUTIVE PRODUCTION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 AND TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA FROM SPONTANEOUSLY PROLIFERATING T-CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I/II SO BLOOD LA English DT Note ID I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV-I; EXPRESSION; TRANSACTIVATION; PROTEINS; ENHANCER; IL-6; BIND; GENE RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 1 PY 1991 VL 78 IS 3 BP 571 EP 574 PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA FZ566 UT WOS:A1991FZ56600004 PM 1677595 ER PT J AU CHIZZOLINI, C NICHOLSON, JKA GEINOZ, A OLSENRASMUSSEN, MA SCHRIJVERS, D AF CHIZZOLINI, C NICHOLSON, JKA GEINOZ, A OLSENRASMUSSEN, MA SCHRIJVERS, D TI INVIVO DECREASED EXPRESSION OF CD25 (P55 CHAIN OF IL-2 RECEPTOR) ON CD3+ T-CELLS CORRELATES WITH LOW INVITRO RESPONSIVENESS TO PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM ANTIGEN IN SUBJECTS LIVING IN A MALARIA ENDEMIC AREA SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; LYMPHOCYTES-T; PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; INTERLEUKIN-2; ANTIBODIES; ACTIVATION; CLONES; DONORS; VLA-1 C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CHIZZOLINI, C (reprint author), CTR INT RECH MED,FRANCEVILLE,GABON. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 60 IS 2 BP 209 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90064-H PG 11 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA FX156 UT WOS:A1991FX15600005 PM 1829993 ER PT J AU MCDOUGAL, JS KLATZMANN, DR MADDON, PJ AF MCDOUGAL, JS KLATZMANN, DR MADDON, PJ TI CD4-GP120 INTERACTIONS SO CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN GP120; CLASS-II MHC; HUMAN CD4; SOLUBLE CD4; RECEPTOR-BINDING; TYPE-1 GP120; HIV-1 GP120; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB The three-dimensional structure of the binding domain of the CD4 molecule has been determined and extensive mutational analyses of the respective binding sites on gpl20 and CD4 have been completed. The consequences of gpl20-CD4 binding with respect to secondary changes in the virion, or the cell, that may be required for infection or that may interfere with cellular function are current active areas of investigation. C1 HOP LA PITIE SALPETRIERE,BIOL & GENET INFECT RETROVIRALES LAB,F-75657 PARIS 13,FRANCE. PROGEN PHARMACEUT INC,NEW YORK,NY 10591. RP MCDOUGAL, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1P 6LB SN 0952-7915 J9 CURR OPIN IMMUNOL JI Curr. Opin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 3 IS 4 BP 552 EP 558 DI 10.1016/0952-7915(91)90020-2 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA GE111 UT WOS:A1991GE11100020 PM 1721822 ER PT J AU HERRMANN, KL AF HERRMANN, KL TI RUBELLA IN THE UNITED-STATES - TOWARD A STRATEGY FOR DISEASE-CONTROL AND ELIMINATION SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; ARTHRITIS; VIREMIA; VIRUS RP HERRMANN, KL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 107 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GC829 UT WOS:A1991GC82900007 PM 1879490 ER PT J AU CHEN, F EVINS, GM COOK, WL ALMEIDA, R HARGRETTBEAN, N WACHSMUTH, K AF CHEN, F EVINS, GM COOK, WL ALMEIDA, R HARGRETTBEAN, N WACHSMUTH, K TI GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG TOXIGENIC AND NONTOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O1 ISOLATED FROM THE WESTERN-HEMISPHERE SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID STATES GULF-COAST; BIOTYPE EL-TOR; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; PERSISTENCE; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1; DIARRHEA; MARYLAND; PATIENT AB Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic relationships among and between toxigenic and non-toxigenic isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 obtained from patients and the environment in the US Gulf Coast and surrounding areas. A total of 23 toxigenic and 23 non-toxigenic strains were examined. All the toxigenic and 7 of the non-toxigenic strains had the same alleles at 16 enzyme loci, whereas the balance of the nontoxigenic strains had 9 distinct combinations of alleles. This study suggests that all of the toxigenic strains belong to a single clone, and that while some of the non-toxigenic isolates were related, most were of diverse origin. C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM SCI LAB,POB 4010,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER BACTERIOL SECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,STAT SERV ACT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 107 IS 1 BP 225 EP 233 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA GC829 UT WOS:A1991GC82900024 PM 1879486 ER PT J AU ALTER, MJ AF ALTER, MJ TI INAPPARENT TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS-C - FOOTPRINTS IN THE SAND SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; NON-A-HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK RP ALTER, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH A33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD AUG PY 1991 VL 14 IS 2 BP 389 EP 391 DI 10.1016/0270-9139(91)91431-Y PG 3 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA FY514 UT WOS:A1991FY51400027 PM 1713567 ER PT J AU CHEN, JY GANDHI, OP CONOVER, DL AF CHEN, JY GANDHI, OP CONOVER, DL TI SAR AND INDUCED CURRENT DISTRIBUTIONS FOR OPERATOR EXPOSURE TO RF DIELECTRIC SEALERS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article ID ANATOMICALLY-BASED MODEL; ELECTROMAGNETIC DEPOSITION; SCATTERING; FIELD AB The finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate local, layer-averaged, and whole-body-averaged specific absorption rates (SAR's) and induced current distributions in a 16-tissue, anatomically based, 5628-cell model of a human to assess operator exposure to RF sealers. Industrially relevant shapes and dimensions of commonly used RF dielectric heaters using parallel-plate and bar-type electrodes are considered. Realistic postures of the human operators are used for the calculations, including extended arms to simulate working conditions or an operator sitting on a wooden or metallic stool. Due to the high-intensity leakage fields in proximity to the RF applicators, some of the highest induced currents and SAR's are calculated for the hands and the ankles and in the sitting position, the knees. Steps should therefore be taken either to reduce the leakage fields or shield the hands and the knees if it is necessary for them to be in high leakage field regions. C1 NIOSH,PHYS AGENTS EFFECTS BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP CHEN, JY (reprint author), UNIV UTAH,DEPT ELECT ENGN,SALT LAKE CITY,UT 84112, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 33 IS 3 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1109/15.85139 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA FW970 UT WOS:A1991FW97000012 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM AF MILLER, JM TI EVALUATING BIOCHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,BLDG 1,ROOM B341,CO1,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1559 EP 1561 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FY046 UT WOS:A1991FY04600001 PM 1761675 ER PT J AU KIEHLBAUCH, JA PLIKAYTIS, BD SWAMINATHAN, B CAMERON, DN WACHSMUTH, IK AF KIEHLBAUCH, JA PLIKAYTIS, BD SWAMINATHAN, B CAMERON, DN WACHSMUTH, IK TI RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS IN THE RIBOSOMAL GENES FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION AND SUBTYPING OF AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDONUCLEASE DNA ANALYSIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROVIDENCIA-STUARTII; GENOMIC VARIATION; RAPID EXTRACTION; CHROMOSOMAL DNA; RNA CISTRONS; SP-NOV; JEJUNI AB Whole-cell chromosomal digests of 84 strains of aerotolerant Campylobacter (AC) were examined by using PvuII restriction fragment length polymorphisms of rRNA genes followed by hybridization with Escherichia coli 16S and 23S rRNA (ribotyping). The AC strains belonged to Campylobacter cryaerophila (n = 13) and a newly defined species, "C. butzleri" (n = 64). Strains of C. cryaerophila belonged to two hybridization groups: DNA group 1A (including the type strain of C. cryaerophila) and DNA group 1B (J. A. Kiehlbauch, D. J. Brenner, M. A. Nicholson, C. N. Baker, C. M. Patton, A. G. Steigerwalt, and I. K. Wachsmuth, J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:376-385, 1991). Six AC strains not classified as C. cryaerophila or "C. butzleri" were also included. All 35 sporadic human and animal isolates of "C. butzleri" sent to the Centers for Disease Control for identification showed different ribotype patterns. However, most "C. butzleri" strains contained common bands at approximately 3.0, 6.2, 12.0, and 15.0 kb; the 3.0-kb band was present in all but four strains. An additional 23 strains of "C. butzleri," isolated as part of special studies, contained the 3.0-kb band. Thus, on the basis of visual identification of the 3.0-kb band, 94% of available strains were correctly identified as "C. butzleri." Ribotyping demonstrated that C. cryaerophila strains (DNA groups 1A and 1B) were different from C. butzleri strains. All C. cryaerophila strains demonstrated a common ribosomal DNA restriction fragment of 3.2 kb; DNA group 1B strains contained an additional common band at 2.6 kb. Ribotyping patterns of AC species were easily distinguished from patterns of other Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella species. Thus, ribotyping patterns were useful in discriminating between AC strains and genospecies, as well as between AC species and other Campylobacter species that may share some phenotypic characteristics. Quantitation of ribotyping results, as described here, allowed comparisons of strains electrophoresed on different gels. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KIEHLBAUCH, JA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1670 EP 1676 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FY046 UT WOS:A1991FY04600021 PM 1684797 ER PT J AU WAHLQUIST, SP WILLIAMS, RM BISHOP, H ADDISS, DG STEWART, JM FINTON, RJ JURANEK, DD SULLIVAN, JJ AF WAHLQUIST, SP WILLIAMS, RM BISHOP, H ADDISS, DG STEWART, JM FINTON, RJ JURANEK, DD SULLIVAN, JJ TI USE OF POOLED FORMALIN-PRESERVED FECAL SPECIMENS TO DETECT GIARDIA-LAMBLIA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB Three formalin-preserved fecal specimens from the same child attending a child-care center were pooled and compared with the three separate individual specimens by a single microscopic examination of concentration sediment for Giardia lamblia. The sensitivity of the pooled system was 100% when two or more individual specimens were positive and 88% when only one individual specimen was positive. The organism density in a single specimen was not a factor of whether the pool of specimens was positive or negative. Nearly half of the pools that contained positive specimens had only one of three specimens with positive results, reinforcing the need for multiple stool examinations when diagnosing G. lamblia infections. C1 FULTON CTY HLTH DEPT,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP WAHLQUIST, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1725 EP 1726 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FY046 UT WOS:A1991FY04600030 PM 1761696 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL JOSODIWONDO, S LINNAN, M AF JOESOEF, MR HILLIER, SL JOSODIWONDO, S LINNAN, M TI REPRODUCIBILITY OF A SCORING SYSTEM FOR GRAM STAIN DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note AB A total of 225 pairs of duplicate Gram-strained slides from three hospitals in Jakarta were evaluated independently by a local (University of Indonesia, Jakarta) and a referral (University of Washington, Seattle) laboratory by the new scoring criteria proposed by Nugent et al. The correlation coefficients of the duplicate Gram stain scores ranged from 0.65 to 0.83. The kappa statistics for the bacterial vaginosis category (no, score of 0 to 6; yes, score of 7 to 10) ranged from 0.62 to 0.77. These findings confirm the good to excellent interobserver reliability of the new scoring system and the importance of slide preparation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INT HLTH PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV INDONESIA,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. RP JOESOEF, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1730 EP 1731 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FY046 UT WOS:A1991FY04600032 PM 1722221 ER PT J AU GOMES, TAT RASSI, V MACDONALD, KL RAMOS, SRTS TRABULSI, LR VIEIRA, MAM GUTH, BEC CANDEIAS, JAN IVEY, C TOLEDO, MRF BLAKE, PA AF GOMES, TAT RASSI, V MACDONALD, KL RAMOS, SRTS TRABULSI, LR VIEIRA, MAM GUTH, BEC CANDEIAS, JAN IVEY, C TOLEDO, MRF BLAKE, PA TI ENTEROPATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASE IN URBAN INFANTS IN SAO-PAULO, BRAZIL SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RURAL BANGLADESH; ADHERENCE FACTOR; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; PATHOGENS; ETIOLOGY; 2-YEAR; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTERIAL AB To determine the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens in acute infantile diarrhea, 500 infants less-than-or-equal-to 12 months of age with diarrhea and 500 age-matched control subjects coming to a Sao Paulo emergency room were studied. Enteropathogens were identified in 55% of case infants and 10% of controls; enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) of classic EPEC serotypes producing EPEC adherence factor (EAF) (26% of case infants), rotavirus (14%), Salmonella species (8%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (7%), and Shigella species (5%) were associated with diarrhea. Isolation of EAF+ classic EPEC decreased with increasing age of cases and peaked in spring, whereas rotavirus was least common in early infancy and peaked in fall and winter. Bloody stool had a 36% positive predictive value for Shigella infection. EAF+ classic EPEC were highly resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Among poor Sao Paulo infants, EAF+ classic EPEC equaled or exceeded rotavirus throughout the year as a cause of diarrhea bringing children to medical attention. C1 HOSP INFANTIL MENINO JESUS,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST CRIANCA,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. UNIV SAO PAULO,INST CIENCIAS BIOMED,SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOTIC DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GOMES, TAT (reprint author), ESCOLA PAULISTA MED SCH,DEPT MICROBIOL PARASITOL & IMMUNOL,RUA BOTUCATU 862-3 ANDAR,BR-04023 SAO PAULO,BRAZIL. RI Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 44 TC 167 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 164 IS 2 BP 331 EP 337 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FY100 UT WOS:A1991FY10000015 PM 1856482 ER PT J AU BELONGIA, EA MACDONALD, KL PARHAM, GL WHITE, KE KORLATH, JA LOBATO, MN STRAND, SM CASALE, KA OSTERHOLM, MT AF BELONGIA, EA MACDONALD, KL PARHAM, GL WHITE, KE KORLATH, JA LOBATO, MN STRAND, SM CASALE, KA OSTERHOLM, MT TI AN OUTBREAK OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7 COLITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONSUMPTION OF PRECOOKED MEAT PATTIES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; INFECTIONS; 0157-H7; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGEN; DIARRHEA; SEROTYPE AB An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 hemorrhagic colitis at a Minnesota junior high school in October 1988 comprised 32 cases among 1562 students (attack rate, 2.0%). Four children were hospitalized; none developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Case children were more likely than controls to have eaten heat-processed meat patties (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-20.1; P < .001) in the school cafeteria on a specific day. The minimum estimated attack rate among students who ate these patties was 8%. The patties should have been sufficiently cooked by the manufacturer to destroy enteric pathogens before they were frozen and distributed. E. coli were cultured from frozen patties that were manufactured at the same plant on the same dates as the implicated patties, but serotype O157:H7 was not isolated. Heat-processed meat patties may serve as vehicles for E. coli O157:H7 infection, and currently there are no federal or state regulatory standards to ensure the safety of these products. C1 MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,717 SE DELAWARE ST,BOX 9441,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55440. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ANOKA CTY COMMUNITY HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,ANOKA,MN. USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SECT,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 164 IS 2 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FY100 UT WOS:A1991FY10000016 PM 1856483 ER PT J AU PINNER, RW GELLIN, BG BIBB, WF BAKER, CN WEAVER, R HUNTER, SB WATERMAN, SH MOCCA, LF FRASCH, CE BROOME, CV AF PINNER, RW GELLIN, BG BIBB, WF BAKER, CN WEAVER, R HUNTER, SB WATERMAN, SH MOCCA, LF FRASCH, CE BROOME, CV TI MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN THE UNITED-STATES - 1986 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATIONS; COUNTY; SEROGROUP; SEROTYPE; ANTIGENS AB Active surveillance for invasive meningococcal disease was conducted during 1986 and 1987 in six areas of the United States with a total population of approximately 34 million persons. The incidence of meningococcal disease was 1.3:10(5). The highest incidence of disease among the surveillance areas was in Los Angeles County (1.65:10(5). Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B and C caused about equal amounts of disease, which reflects a recent increase in the incidence of group C disease. Group C caused more than half of the case of meningococcal disease in Los Angeles and Tennessee but less than one-third of the cases in Missouri and Oklahoma. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis demonstrated that a group of closely related isolates of N. meningitidis was prevalent in Los Angeles during the surveillance period and was associated with an increased incidence of meningococcal disease there. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ANTIMICROBICS INVEST BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,ACUTE COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,LOS ANGELES,CA. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES,BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20205. RP PINNER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 164 IS 2 BP 368 EP 374 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FY100 UT WOS:A1991FY10000020 PM 1906910 ER PT J AU SACK, DA CLEMENS, JD HUDA, S HARRIS, JR KHAN, MR CHAKRABORTY, J YUNUS, M GOMES, J SIDDIQUE, O AHMED, F KAY, BA VANLOON, FPL RAO, MR SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J AF SACK, DA CLEMENS, JD HUDA, S HARRIS, JR KHAN, MR CHAKRABORTY, J YUNUS, M GOMES, J SIDDIQUE, O AHMED, F KAY, BA VANLOON, FPL RAO, MR SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J TI ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH KILLED ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES DURING THE 1985 VACCINE FIELD TRIAL IN BANGLADESH SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT-WHOLE CELL; ABO BLOOD-GROUPS; B-SUBUNIT; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; IMMUNOGENICITY; TOXIN AB Sera collected during the 1985 oral cholera vaccine trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, which demonstrated efficacy of a whole cell combined with cholera B subunit vaccine (WC/BS) and a whole cell only vaccine (WC), were analyzed for antitoxin and vibriocidal antibodies. Before vaccines were given, antitoxin titers were highest in children, especially those with O blood group, whereas vibriocidal titers rose throughout life. Two weeks after three doses of vaccine, geometric mean antitoxin titers were 2.5-4.5 times higher in vaccinees who received the WC/BS vaccine; the vibriocidal titers were 1.3-2.1 times higher in vaccinees who received either vaccine. The titer evaluations were relatively brief and were barely detectable 7 months after the third dose even though significant levels of protection persisted greater-than-or-equal-to 3 years. Thus, the oral vaccines induced a serum response in this large field trial that was similar to that seen in earlier pilot studies, but the duration of the serum responses was much shorter than the duration of the protection. C1 INT CTR DIARRHEAL DIS RES,BANGLADESH,BANGLADESH. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOTHENBURG UNIV,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP SACK, DA (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT AGR & HORT,RM 5521,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 164 IS 2 BP 407 EP 411 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FY100 UT WOS:A1991FY10000027 PM 1856488 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, JF BARNES, RC KOZARSKY, PE SPIKA, JS AF CAMPBELL, JF BARNES, RC KOZARSKY, PE SPIKA, JS TI CULTURE-CONFIRMED PNEUMONIA DUE TO CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STRAIN TWAR; HL CELLS AB Diagnosis of infection caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae, a newly recognized respiratory pathogen, has proved difficult. Between July 1987 and April 1988, culture and serologic tests for C. pneumoniae were done on specimens from 49 patients with pneumonia seen at an Atlanta hospital emergency room. Cultures from 3 patients (6%) grew C. pneumoniae. Genus-specific Chlamydia complement fixation titers and microimmunofluorescence titers for C. pneumoniae were suggestive of acute infection in all 3 culture-positive patients. Three other patients had evidence of acute disease by published criteria for antibody titers. Most studies of C. pneumoniae have not had culture-proven cases; the 6% rate of positive cultures in this study supports the role of C. pneumoniae as a cause of pneumonia. More widespread availability of simplified culture systems for C. pneumoniae is needed. Caution should be used when interpreting serologic tests in the absence of culture confirmation. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 8 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 164 IS 2 BP 411 EP 413 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FY100 UT WOS:A1991FY10000028 PM 1856489 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL ROBERTS, C HONDA, M AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL ROBERTS, C HONDA, M TI ELEVATED LEVELS OF SOLUBLE CD8 AND SOLUBLE CD25 IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN T-CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS TYPE-I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY AND ADULT T-CELL LEUKEMIA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID HTLV-I C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DIV RETROVIROL,ROCKVILLE,MD. NATL INST HLTH,AIDS RES CTR,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 164 IS 2 BP 429 EP 430 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FY100 UT WOS:A1991FY10000036 PM 1906914 ER PT J AU TSEGA, E KRAWCZYNSKI, K HANSSON, BG NORDENFELT, E NEGUSSE, Y ALEMU, W BAHRU, Y AF TSEGA, E KRAWCZYNSKI, K HANSSON, BG NORDENFELT, E NEGUSSE, Y ALEMU, W BAHRU, Y TI OUTBREAK OF ACUTE HEPATITIS-E VIRUS-INFECTION AMONG MILITARY PERSONNEL IN NORTHERN ETHIOPIA SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HEPATITIS-E; EPIDEMIC; ETHIOPIA ID NON-B HEPATITIS; EPIDEMIC NON-A; TRANSMITTED NON-A; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; AGENT; INDIA AB An outbreak of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection occurred from October 1988 to March 1989 in military camps in northern Ethiopia. The epidemic was waterborne and entirely confined to military men, of whom 423 hospitalized, icteric patients were studied. The clinical course was mild and short, without any fulminant hepatitis or death. All sera tested for anti-HAV-IgM were negative and among 54 (13%) patients who were positive for HBsAg, 7 (2%) were positive for anti-HBc IgM. On the other hand, 28 of 30 (93%) patients had antibodies against hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) in contrast to 1 of 29 (3%) asymptomatic controls (P < .01). The need for an easily available, inexpensive serologic test for HEV infection, protection of water supplies from fecal contamination, adequate chlorination and/or boiling of drinking water, and health education about personal and environmental hygiene, especially in communities at high risk, is emphasized. C1 MINIST HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. MEKANE HIWOT HOSP,DEPT MED,ASMARA,ETHIOPIA. UNIV ADDIS ABABA,FAC MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ADDIS ABABA,ETHIOPIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV LUND,MALMO GEN HOSP,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,VIROL SECT,S-21401 MALMO,SWEDEN. NR 27 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 34 IS 4 BP 232 EP 236 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890340407 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA GD915 UT WOS:A1991GD91500006 PM 1940876 ER PT J AU BECKSAGUE, CM JARVIS, WR FRUEHLING, JA OTT, CE HIGGINS, MT BATES, FL AF BECKSAGUE, CM JARVIS, WR FRUEHLING, JA OTT, CE HIGGINS, MT BATES, FL TI UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS AND MORTUARY PRACTITIONERS - INFLUENCE ON PRACTICES AND RISK OF OCCUPATIONALLY ACQUIRED INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; EXPOSURE; BLOOD; HIV; ANTIBODY; WORKERS; BODY AB Embalming, the most common funeral practice in the United States, may expose the embalmer to infectious diseases and blood. We surveyed the 860 members of the National Selected Morticians in 1988 to estimate the incidence of self-reported occupational contact with blood and infectious disease, assess morticians' knowledge of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), determine their adherence to universal precautions, and identify predictors of practices designed to reduce risk of occupational exposure to infections. Of 539 (63%) respondents, 212 (39%) reported needle-stick injuries in the past 12 months, and 15 (3%) reported percutaneous exposures to the blood of a decedent with AIDS. Those rating the risk of occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection as very high or high (194/539[36%]) were more likely to decline funerals of decedents with antemortem diagnosis of AIDS (59/194[30%]) and/or to charge more for such funerals (133/194 [69%]) than those who rated the risk as low to moderate (31/345[9%], 174/135[51%]). RP BECKSAGUE, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 33 IS 8 BP 874 EP 878 DI 10.1097/00043764-199108000-00012 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GA087 UT WOS:A1991GA08700008 PM 1941282 ER PT J AU COLLINS, WE SKINNER, JC BRODERSON, JR RICHARDSON, BB MA, NSF STANFILL, PS AF COLLINS, WE SKINNER, JC BRODERSON, JR RICHARDSON, BB MA, NSF STANFILL, PS TI INFECTION OF AOTUS-VOCIFERANS MONKEYS WITH DIFFERENT STRAINS OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIVIRGATUS; VIVAX AB Twenty-one splenectomized Aotus vociferans monkeys were infected with the different strains/clones of Plasmodium falciparum. Maximum parasitemia ranged from 1,302 to 1,460,000 parasites per mm3. Only the Santa Lucia strain was shown to produce gametocytes for extended periods. Gametocytes produced during the primary episode of parasitemia were highly infective to Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes. Gametocytes produced during recrudescence were not infective to mosquitoes feeding directly on the animals. This lack of mosquito infection during recrudescence periods suggests the presence of transmission-blocking immunity, which may be important in understanding the control of malaria through immunologic initiatives. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COLLINS, WE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 77 IS 4 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.2307/3283160 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA GA261 UT WOS:A1991GA26100009 PM 1865263 ER PT J AU HERSH, BS FINE, PEM KENT, WK COCHI, SL KAHN, LH ZELL, ER HAYS, PL WOOD, CL AF HERSH, BS FINE, PEM KENT, WK COCHI, SL KAHN, LH ZELL, ER HAYS, PL WOOD, CL TI MUMPS OUTBREAK IN A HIGHLY VACCINATED POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEASLES OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; RISK AB From October 1988 to April 1989, a large mumps outbreak occurred in Douglas County, Kansas. Of the 269 cases, 208 (77.3%) occurred among primary and secondary school students, of whom 203 (97.6%) had documentation of mumps vaccination. Attack rates were highest for students attending junior high school (8.0%), followed by high school (2.0%) and elementary school (0.7%). A retrospective cohort study conducted at one junior high school with an attack rate of 12.9% did not find age at vaccination or type of vaccine received (single or combined antigen) to be risk factors for vaccine failure. Students vaccinated more than 4 years before the outbreak appeared to have a higher attack rate than those vaccinated more recently (relative risk (RR) = 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6, 30.0); however, this association did not exist when risk was evaluated based on number of vaccine doses received. Students who had documentation of receiving only one dose of vaccine were at greater risk than those who had received two doses (RR = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 206.2). Overall, vaccine effectiveness among Douglas County junior high school students was estimated to be 83% (95% CI = 57%, 94%). These data suggest that mumps vaccine failure and the failure to vaccinate have contributed to the relative resurgence of mumps observed in the United States since 1986. The recent change in immunization policy to recommend a two-dose schedule of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine should help reduce the occurrence of mumps outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV IMMUNIZAT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV LONDON LONDON SCH HYG & TROP MED, LONDON WC1E 7HT, ENGLAND. LAWRENCE DOUGLAS CTY HLTH DEPT, LAWRENCE, KS USA. KANSAS DEPT HLTH & ENVIRONM, TOPEKA, KS USA. NR 39 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 119 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80726-7 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FZ692 UT WOS:A1991FZ69200005 PM 1861205 ER PT J AU WEBER, DJ RUTALA, WA ORENSTEIN, WA AF WEBER, DJ RUTALA, WA ORENSTEIN, WA TI PREVENTION OF MUMPS, MEASLES, AND RUBELLA AMONG HOSPITAL PERSONNEL SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-STUDENTS; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAK; PHYSICIANS; EMPLOYEES; PROGRAM; UNIT C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV IMMUNIZAT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP WEBER, DJ (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA HOSP, N CAROLINA SCH MED, DIV INFECT DIS, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27599 USA. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 119 IS 2 BP 322 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80753-X PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FZ692 UT WOS:A1991FZ69200029 PM 1861223 ER PT J AU CIESIELSKI, C GOOCH, B HAMMETT, T METLER, R AF CIESIELSKI, C GOOCH, B HAMMETT, T METLER, R TI DENTISTS, ALLIED PROFESSIONALS WITH AIDS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DENTAL PROFESSIONALS; RISK; HIV AB With about a million people in the United States infected with HIV, health care providers increasingly will encounter infected patients. To minimize transmission in the workplace, recommended infection control measures, including universal precautions, should be followed strictly. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CIESIELSKI, C (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 122 IS 9 BP 42 EP 44 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA GA277 UT WOS:A1991GA27700009 PM 1655855 ER PT J AU POPOVICUROIC, T PATTON, CM WACHSMUTH, K ROEDER, P AF POPOVICUROIC, T PATTON, CM WACHSMUTH, K ROEDER, P TI EVALUATION OF AN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB A total of 209 well-defined Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella strains were tested with a Gen-Probe oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe for Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari. Released ribosomal RNA was hybridized with the acridinium-ester-labeled probe. The amount of light proportional to the number of DNA-RNA hybrid molecules was captured by a photomultiplier and converted to a digital signal. A reading of more than 50,000 relative light units (RLU) was considered positive. After isolates were cultivated, lysis and hybridization procedures were completed in 30 minutes. All 104 strains within the target species were positive, as well as two Campylobacter hyointestinalis strains. The remaining 103 strains, including 15 C hyointestinalis strains, were negative. Our data indicate a sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.98 (P < .001). RP POPOVICUROIC, T (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER BACTERIOL SECT,BLDG 1 B307,MAILSTOP C03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 22 IS 8 BP 533 EP 539 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA FX418 UT WOS:A1991FX41800005 ER PT J AU WINGO, PA LEE, NC ORY, HW BERAL, V PETERSON, HB RHODES, P AF WINGO, PA LEE, NC ORY, HW BERAL, V PETERSON, HB RHODES, P TI AGE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND BREAST-CANCER SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FULL TERM PREGNANCY; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-WOMEN; CROSSOVER; PARITY; TRACT AB Nearly all studies have suggested that the use of oral contraceptives (OC) is not associated with the aggregate risk of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 20-54. Because of age-specific differences in the breast cancer-parity relationship and because of age-specific differences in other breast cancer risk factors, the Centers for Disease Control reexamined data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study to assess whether OC use has different effects on the risk of breast cancer at different ages of diagnosis. This was a population-based case-control study conducted in eight geographic areas in the United States during 1980-1982. In these data, the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and OC use appeared to vary by age at diagnosis. Among women aged 20-34 years at diagnosis or interview, those who had ever used OC had a slightly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0-2.1) when compared with women of the same ages who had never used OC. Among these women, there were no trends of increasing or decreasing risk with any measure of OC use. Among women aged 35-44 years, there was no association between OC use and breast cancer. Among women aged 45-54 years, those who used OC had a slightly decreased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.8-1.0). Among these women, the risk estimates decreased significantly with increasing time since first and last use. Although the slightly increased risk estimates for the youngest women are compatible with findings by other investigators, the decreased risk estimates for the oldest women have not been described in as many studies. Available data provide no reasons for changes in prescribing practices or in the use of OC as related to breast cancer risk. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,INFORMAT RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. RP WINGO, PA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [3-Y01-HD-8-1037] NR 33 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 78 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA FX722 UT WOS:A1991FX72200001 PM 2067757 ER PT J AU SHAPIRO, CN HADLER, SC AF SHAPIRO, CN HADLER, SC TI HEPATITIS-A AND HEPATITIS-B VIRUS-INFECTIONS IN DAY-CARE SETTINGS SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Article RP SHAPIRO, CN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CID,DVRD,HEPATITIS BRANCH,MS A-33,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 20 IS 8 BP 435 EP & PG 0 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GA451 UT WOS:A1991GA45100006 PM 1945541 ER PT J AU FELDMAN, J SHENKER, R ETZEL, RA SPIERTO, FW LILIENFIELD, DE NUSSBAUM, M JACOBSON, MS AF FELDMAN, J SHENKER, R ETZEL, RA SPIERTO, FW LILIENFIELD, DE NUSSBAUM, M JACOBSON, MS TI PASSIVE SMOKING ALTERS LIPID PROFILES IN ADOLESCENTS SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE PASSIVE SMOKING; ADOLESCENTS; COTININE; LIPID PROFILES; CHOLESTEROL ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; SERUM-LIPIDS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; CHOLESTEROL; NONSMOKERS; SMOKERS; FRAMINGHAM; COTININE; RISK AB Although cigarette smoking is associated with elevation of plasma lipid levels and changes in lipoprotein distribution, it is not known whether passive smoking is associated with an alteration in lipid profiles. The relation between plasma cotinine, a marker of exposure to tobacco smoke, and lipid profiles was studied in healthy adolescents from a suburban New York high school district who were undergoing preparticipation sports physicals. Forty-four percent of the adolescents reported that one or both parents currently smoked. Eleven percent of the adolescents had plasma cotinine concentrations greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5 ng/mL, the level considered indicative of exposure. Adolescents with two smoking parents had significantly higher plasma cotinine concentrations after adjustment for other factors than adolescents whose parents did not smoke. Plasma cotinine concentration greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5 ng/mL was associated with an 8.9% greater ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .003) and a 6.8% lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .03). These results suggest that passive smoking, like active smoking, leads to alterations in lipid profiles predictive of an increased risk of atherosclerosis. C1 ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,LONG ISL JEWISH MED CTR,SCHNEIDER CHILDRENS HOSP,NEW HYDE PK,NY 11042. ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,LONG ISL JEWISH MED CTR,SCHNEIDER CHILDRENS HOSP,DIV ADOLESCENT MED,NEW HYDE PK,NY 11042. SUNY HLTH SCI CTR,DEPT PREVENT MED,BROOKLYN,NY. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,DIV ENVIRONM & OCCUPAT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10029. FU PHS HHS [P30-E500928, K08-E500161] NR 26 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 1991 VL 88 IS 2 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA GA164 UT WOS:A1991GA16400009 PM 1861923 ER PT J AU STEWART, PA HERRICK, RF BLAIR, A CHECKOWAY, H DROZ, P FINE, L FISCHER, L HARRIS, R KAUPPINEN, T SARACCI, R AF STEWART, PA HERRICK, RF BLAIR, A CHECKOWAY, H DROZ, P FINE, L FISCHER, L HARRIS, R KAUPPINEN, T SARACCI, R TI HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 1990 LEESBURG, VIRGINIA, INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT FOR OCCUPATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. INST OCCUPAT MED,LAUSANNE,SWITZERLAND. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,E LANSING,MI 48824. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. INST OCCUPAT HLTH,SF-00290 HELSINKI 29,FINLAND. INT AGCY RES CANC,F-69372 LYONS,FRANCE. RP STEWART, PA (reprint author), NCI,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,ROCKVILLE,MD, USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD AUG PY 1991 VL 17 IS 4 BP 281 EP 285 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GB300 UT WOS:A1991GB30000009 PM 1925441 ER PT J AU CHUTIVONGSE, S WILDE, H FISHBEIN, DB BAER, GM HEMACHUDHA, T AF CHUTIVONGSE, S WILDE, H FISHBEIN, DB BAER, GM HEMACHUDHA, T TI ONE-YEAR STUDY OF THE 2-1-1 INTRAMUSCULAR POSTEXPOSURE RABIES VACCINE REGIMEN IN 100 SEVERELY EXPOSED THAI PATIENTS USING RABIES IMMUNE GLOBULIN AND VERO CELL RABIES VACCINE SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RABIES; ABBREVIATED RABIES VACCINE SCHEDULES; RABIES POSTEXPOSURE TREATMENT; RABIES VACCINE ANTIBODY RESPONSE; POTENCY OF VACCINE; POTENCY OF IMMUNE GLOBULIN ID NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; IMMUNIZATION; PROPHYLAXIS AB The 2-1-1 rabies postexposure treatment schedule is an abbreviated regimen in which a tissue culture rabies vaccine is administered intramuscularly at two sites on day 0, and at one site on days 7 and 21. Compared to the standard five-dose intramuscular regimen, the 2-1-1 schedule reduces the number of clinic visits from five to three and the amount of vaccine used by 20%. One hundred Thai patients, who were severely exposed to rabies, were treated with rabies immune globulin and the 2-1-1 regimen using purified Vero cell rabies vaccine. They were followed for 1 year. Rabies antibody titres were measured in 10% of this group. All patients survived and adverse reactions were mild. A satisfactory antibody response (a titre > 0.5 IU ml-1) occurred in all ten patients studied at day 14, but persisted for 90 days in 80% and for 360 days in only 50%. The authors therefore do not recommend use of the 2-1-1 schedule in severely exposed patients who also need to receive rabies immune globulin. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHULALONGKORN HOSP,FAC MED,BANGKOK,THAILAND. RP CHUTIVONGSE, S (reprint author), QUEEN SAOVABHA MEM INST,THAI RED CROSS SOC,1871 RAMA IV RD,BANGKOK 10330,THAILAND. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG PY 1991 VL 9 IS 8 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90244-Z PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA FY883 UT WOS:A1991FY88300009 PM 1771970 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB MIRANDA, NJ MERRILL, P CAMBA, RA MELTZER, M CARLOS, ET BAUTISTA, CF SOPUNGCO, PV MANGAHAS, LC HERNANDEZ, LM LEONCIO, MM MERCADO, D GREGORIO, S SALVA, E DOBBINS, JG WINKLER, WG AF FISHBEIN, DB MIRANDA, NJ MERRILL, P CAMBA, RA MELTZER, M CARLOS, ET BAUTISTA, CF SOPUNGCO, PV MANGAHAS, LC HERNANDEZ, LM LEONCIO, MM MERCADO, D GREGORIO, S SALVA, E DOBBINS, JG WINKLER, WG TI RABIES CONTROL IN THE REPUBLIC-OF-THE-PHILIPPINES - BENEFITS AND COSTS OF ELIMINATION SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE RABIES; ELIMINATION; PROGRAM; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; PHILIPPINES; RABIES VACCINE; DOG DISEASES ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; VACCINATION AB We compared the benefits and costs of eliminating animal and human rabies in the Philippines. If rabies had been eliminated in 1988, economic benefits would total P52.8 (US$2.5) million in 1989. These benefits would largely arise from the abolition of expenses associated with rabies prevention: P29.7 (US$1.4) million for animal vaccination, P21.6 (US$1.0) million for human postexposure prophylaxis, and P0.3 (US$0.02) million for animal rabies examinations. Benefits also included P1.2 (US$0.06) million in additional earnings of humans whose death due to rabies would be prevented. Nationwide elimination was estimated to cost between P88.1 (US$4.2) million and P317.2 (US$15.0) million, assuming a canine-to-human ratio of 1:10, vaccine coverage of 60%, and a cost per vaccination of no less than P25 (US$1.19) and no more than P90 (US$4.27). These costs would be recouped 4.1-11.0 years after the initiation of a one-year elimination campaign. A sensitivity analysis showed that an elimination programme would be economically beneficial in all but the most extreme cases. C1 DEPT AGR,BUR ANIM IND,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. NATL RABIES COMM,BUR ANIM IND,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. DEPT HLTH,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. RES INST TROP MED,DEPT HLTH,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. DEPT HLTH,BIOL PROD SERV,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. PRICE WATERHOUSE & CO,NEW YORK,NY 10020. DEPT HLTH,OFF PUBL HLTH,MANILA,PHILIPPINES. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG PY 1991 VL 9 IS 8 BP 581 EP 587 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90246-3 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA FY883 UT WOS:A1991FY88300011 PM 1771971 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JA WEI, Z BOYER, AE KAMANGOSOLLO, EIP RHOADS, ML MURRELL, KD SCHANTZ, PM GILMAN, RH AF TSANG, VCW PILCHER, JA WEI, Z BOYER, AE KAMANGOSOLLO, EIP RHOADS, ML MURRELL, KD SCHANTZ, PM GILMAN, RH TI EFFICACY OF THE IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY FOR CYSTICERCOSIS IN PIGS AND MODULATED EXPRESSION OF DISTINCT IGM/IGG ACTIVITIES TO TAENIA-SOLIUM ANTIGENS IN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTIONS SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII ANTIGENS; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; IGM AB A recently invented immunoblot assay for human cysticercosis was evaluated for efficacy in pigs. The test population consists of 45 pigs with parasitologically confirmed cysticercosis, 47 with heterologous infections, 45 SPF or concrete raised control animals. With this group of 137 animals the test performance was 100% sensitive and 100% specific. The antigen-specific responses of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and IgM in four pigs infected with Taenia solium eggs derived from a human were quantified by immunoblot. Antigen-specific activities were observed as early as 1 week postinfection. The first antigen-specific isotypic response was IgM antibodies directed against a glycoprotein at 97 KD (GP97). This activity generally disappeared between the sixth and ninth week postinfection. Between Weeks 5 and 8, IgG activity rose as IgM activity fell. The IgG activity, however, was directed mostly towards GP50 and GP42 antigens. If the same response occurs in people with cysticercosis, identifying specific isotype activity may help to distinguish new infection from old. C1 UNIV NAIROBI,COLL AGR & VET SCI,DEPT PUBL HLTH,NAIROBI,KENYA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HELMINTH DIS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG PY 1991 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0165-2427(91)90053-F PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA GB451 UT WOS:A1991GB45100006 PM 1949584 ER PT J AU SUMNER, JW FEKADU, M SHADDOCK, JH ESPOSITO, JJ BELLINI, WJ AF SUMNER, JW FEKADU, M SHADDOCK, JH ESPOSITO, JJ BELLINI, WJ TI PROTECTION OF MICE WITH VACCINIA VIRUS RECOMBINANTS THAT EXPRESS THE RABIES NUCLEOPROTEIN SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; LEADER RNA; N-GENE; CELLS; GLYCOPROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; EXPOSURE; PROTEIN; ANTIGEN RP SUMNER, JW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG PY 1991 VL 183 IS 2 BP 703 EP 710 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90999-R PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA FW361 UT WOS:A1991FW36100026 PM 1840709 ER PT J AU BECERRA, JE AF BECERRA, JE TI SEASONALITY IN SUDDEN-INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP BECERRA, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 17 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 3 BP 362 EP 362 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FV960 UT WOS:A1991FV96000017 ER PT J AU PIERCE, JP NAQUIN, M GILPIN, E GIOVINO, G MILLS, S MARCUS, S AF PIERCE, JP NAQUIN, M GILPIN, E GIOVINO, G MILLS, S MARCUS, S TI SMOKING INITIATION IN THE UNITED-STATES - A ROLE FOR WORKSITE AND COLLEGE SMOKING BANS SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PREVENTION; PROGRAMS; TRENDS AB Data from four National Health Interview Surveys were combined, and a birth-cohort analysis was undertaken to determine the age when regular smoking is initiated. By the age of 25 years, most smokers have already become regular smokers. Among men, the proportion of each birth cohort who become regular smokers has declined at a rate of about 1.0% for each year of birth since 1945. There has been no identifiable decline in successive birth cohorts of women. For those born in the most recent birth cohorts, there was no sex difference in the proportion who became regular smokers. The proportion of smokers beginning to smoke during the secondary-school years (less-than-or-equal-to 18 years of age) has increased steadily, especially among people with a high-school education or less. However, in the latest birth cohort (1960-1962), over 18% of ever smokers with at least a high-school education did not start to smoke regularly until their young-adult years (19-24 years of age). If the effect of tobacco-education programs in the schools is to postpone the uptake of regular smoking, it is important to have tobacco policies in place in other areas of society that will maintain nonsmoking behavior through the young-adult years. Accordingly, the banning of smoking in colleges, universities, and worksites, as well as in secondary schools, may significantly decrease the proportion of young people who eventually become regular smokers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PIERCE, JP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,CTR CANC,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD JUL 17 PY 1991 VL 83 IS 14 BP 1009 EP 1013 DI 10.1093/jnci/83.14.1009 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA GA927 UT WOS:A1991GA92700013 PM 2072406 ER PT J AU KENDRICK, JS WILLIAMSON, DF CASPERSEN, CJ AF KENDRICK, JS WILLIAMSON, DF CASPERSEN, CJ TI A METAANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY IN THE PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART-DISEASE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter RP KENDRICK, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 2 BP 232 EP 233 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FZ245 UT WOS:A1991FZ24500013 PM 1862806 ER PT J AU SMITH, SJ CAUDILL, SP PIRKLE, JL ASHLEY, DL AF SMITH, SJ CAUDILL, SP PIRKLE, JL ASHLEY, DL TI COMPOSITE MULTIVARIATE QUALITY-CONTROL USING A SYSTEM OF UNIVARIATE, BIVARIATE, AND MULTIVARIATE QUALITY-CONTROL RULES SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB We propose a composite multivariate quality control (CMQC) system to control simultaneously measured variables. This system is designed to detect unacceptable trends and systematic error in one or more variables, unacceptable random error in one or more variables, and unacceptable changes in the correlation structure in any pair of variables. It is also designed to be tolerant of missing data, to be capable of rejecting as few as one or as many as all variables in a run, and to provide the analyst with control statistics and graphics that logically relate to sources of analytical error. Quality control rules for univariate, multivariate, and correlation conditions are incorporated in the system, as are plots displaying CMQC statistic values and control limits for univariate, multivariate, and correlation parameters. We also discuss advantages of the CMQC over the T2 and principal component multivariate quality control methods. We demonstrate the CMQC procedure using data from a laboratory process in which 40 variables were measured during 40 characterization runs and 23 runs analyzing unknowns. RP SMITH, SJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH & LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1991 VL 63 IS 14 BP 1419 EP 1425 DI 10.1021/ac00014a015 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FW297 UT WOS:A1991FW29700016 PM 1760045 ER PT J AU JAMES, TN KAMB, ML SANDBERG, GA SILVER, RM KILBOURNE, EM AF JAMES, TN KAMB, ML SANDBERG, GA SILVER, RM KILBOURNE, EM TI POSTMORTEM STUDIES OF THE HEART IN 3 FATAL CASES OF THE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID L-TRYPTOPHAN INGESTION; CARDIOGENIC HYPERTENSIVE CHEMOREFLEX; TOXIC-OIL SYNDROME; FUNCTIONAL-SIGNIFICANCE; SUBITANEIS-MORTIBUS; CORONARY-ARTERIES; SUDDEN-DEATH; FASCIITIS; SCLERODERMA; DISEASE AB Objective: To examine the hearts of individuals who died from the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion Of L-tryptophan, with particular attention paid to the coronary arteries, the neural structures, and the conduction system of the heart because of reported terminal disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction. Study Material: Three hearts fixed in neutral formalin and well preserved with all the relevant areas of conduction system intact. Methods: Light microscopic examination of subserial sections of the sinus node, atrioventricular node and His bundle, coronary chemoreceptor and regional nerves, ganglia, and small coronary arteries. Routine stains used were Goldner trichrome and Verhoeff-van Gieson. Results: Arterial abnormalities were numerous and primarily of two types: focal fibromuscular dysplasia causing moderate to severe narrowing, as well as endarteritis and panarteritis. Extensive examples of neuritis and ganglionitis were present throughout the heart, including the conduction system, where arterial abnormalities were also abundant. In the coronary chemoreceptor there were both old and new lesions comprising focal inflammation with degeneration as well as older areas of fibrotic destruction. Within the sinus node, areas of dense fibrosis replaced all nodal tissue. These abnormalities were similar in nature and extent in all three hearts. Conclusions: The pathologic lesions present in the coronary arteries, neural structures, and conduction system of the heart in patients who died from the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome provide a suitable anatomic substrate for substantial cardiac electrical instability, including the occurrence of sudden death. In cases of unexplained cardiac electrical instability or sudden unexpected death an inquiry should be made about previous use of L-tryptophan. In patients with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, the possibility of cardiac electrical instability should be considered as part of long-range clinical management. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,WILMINGTON,DE. MED UNIV S CAROLINA,CHARLESTON,SC 29425. RP JAMES, TN (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,OFF PRESIDENT,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 2 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FW091 UT WOS:A1991FW09100005 PM 2058857 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, RN AF TAYLOR, RN TI INFORMATION ABOUT AIDS SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP TAYLOR, RN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1991 VL 115 IS 2 BP 160 EP 160 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FW091 UT WOS:A1991FW09100029 PM 1647718 ER PT J AU ZACK, M ADAMI, HO ERICSON, A AF ZACK, M ADAMI, HO ERICSON, A TI MATERNAL AND PERINATAL RISK-FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MATCHED CASE-CONTROL; BIRTH-WEIGHT; NITROUS-OXIDE; CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY AB This report describes an exploratory Population-based study of maternal and perinatal risk factors for childhood leukemia in Sweden. The Swedish National Cancer Registry ascertained 411 cases in successive birth cohorts from 1973 through 1984 recorded in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Using the latter, we matched five controls without cancer to each case by sex and month and year of birth. Mothers of children with leukemia were more likely to have been exposed to nitrous oxide anesthesia during delivery than mothers of controls [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0, 1.6]. Children with leukemia were more likely than controls to have Down's syndrome (OR = 32.5; 95% CI = 7.3, 144.0) or cleft lip or cleft palate (OR = 5.0; 95% CI = 1.0, 24.8); to have had a diagnosis associated with difficult labor but unspecified complications (OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 1.1, 18.2) or with other conditions of the fetus or newborn (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1, 2.1), specifically, uncomplicated physiological jaundice (OR = 1.9; 95% Cl = 1.2, 2.9); or to have received supplemental oxygen (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3, 4.9). Because multiple potential risk factors were analyzed in this study, future studies need to check these findings. We did not confirm the previously reported higher risks for childhood leukemia associated with being male, having a high birth weight, or being born to a woman of advanced maternal age. C1 UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SWEDISH NATL BOARD HLTH & WELF,STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. NR 41 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA PUBLIC LEDGER BLDG, SUITE 816, 150 S. INDEPENDENCE MALL W., PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD JUL 15 PY 1991 VL 51 IS 14 BP 3696 EP 3701 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FW115 UT WOS:A1991FW11500011 PM 2065325 ER PT J AU GREENBERG, AE NSA, W RYDER, RW MEDI, M NZEZA, M KITADI, N BAANGI, M MALANDA, N DAVACHI, F HASSIG, SE AF GREENBERG, AE NSA, W RYDER, RW MEDI, M NZEZA, M KITADI, N BAANGI, M MALANDA, N DAVACHI, F HASSIG, SE TI PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA AND PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTION IN KINSHASA, ZAIRE - A PROSPECTIVE, LONGITUDINAL COHORT STUDY OF 587 CHILDREN SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; ASSOCIATION; DISEASES; INFANTS; QUININE; AIDS AB Background. It is uncertain whether Plasmodium falciparum malaria is more frequent or more severe in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and whether P. falciparum infection accelerates the progression of HIV-related disease. Methods. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal cohort study in Kinshasa, Zaire. Two hundred sixty children 5 to 9 months of age who had been born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers and 327 children of the same age who had been born to seronegative mothers were monitored intensively for malaria over a 13-month period. All episodes of fever were evaluated with blood smears for malaria, and children found to be infected with P. falciparum were treated with a standard regimen of oral quinine. Results. A total of 2899 fevers were evaluated, with 271 cases of malaria identified. No statistically significant differences were found in the incidence, severity, or response to therapy of malaria among four well-defined groups of children: those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), those who were HIV-1-seropositive throughout the study, those who were born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers but reverted to seronegative, and those who were seronegative throughout the study. During the 13-month period the incidence of malaria in the 36 children with HIV infection in whom AIDS developed was lower, although not significantly so, than in the 37 in whom AIDS did not develop. Conclusions. In this study malaria was not more frequent or more severe in children with progressive HIV-1 infection and malaria did not appear to accelerate the rate of progression of HIV-1 disease. C1 PROJET SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAMA YEMO HOSP,DEPT PEDIAT,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. RP GREENBERG, AE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 33 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 11 PY 1991 VL 325 IS 2 BP 105 EP 109 DI 10.1056/NEJM199107113250206 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FV522 UT WOS:A1991FV52200006 PM 2052043 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM PORTER, A KOUADIO, J MARAN, M LAFONTAINE, MF GERSHYDAMET, GM HEYWARD, WL GEORGE, R AF DECOCK, KM PORTER, A KOUADIO, J MARAN, M LAFONTAINE, MF GERSHYDAMET, GM HEYWARD, WL GEORGE, R TI CROSS-REACTIVITY ON WESTERN BLOTS IN HIV-1 AND HIV-2 INFECTIONS SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; HIV-2; AFRICA; WEST AFRICA; WESTERN BLOT; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; SEROLOGY ID ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; ANTIBODIES; TYPE-2; SERA AB To examine cross-reactivity of antibodies to heterologous antigens, on HIV-1 and HIV-2 Western blots, we tested sera from 1362 consecutive tuberculosis (TB) patients and 2127 consecutive blood donors. Specimens positive on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HIV-1 or HIV-2 were further characterized by synthetic peptide-based tests, and tested by HIV-1- and HIV-2-specific Western blots. Dual serologic reactivity on synthetic peptide tests was proportionately more frequent in HIV-positive TB patients than in blood donors, and HIV-2 reactivity less frequent. Positive HIV-1 Western blots were seen in 73-83% of specimens specifically characterized as positive for HIV-2 on synthetic peptide tests. Cross-reactivity to HIV-2 Western blots by HIV-1-positive specimens was significantly more frequent in TB patients (35%) than in asymptomatic donors (9%; P < 0.001). Using recently recommended criteria for HIV-2 Western blot interpretation (presence of two env bands) reduced the overall proportion of HIV-1-positive specimens having a positive HIV-2 Western blot from 27.5 to 16.4%, suggesting minimal effect on sensitivity in the diagnosis of HIV-2 reactivity on specimens positive on synthetic peptide tests. C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST PASTEUR,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP DECOCK, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL PY 1991 VL 5 IS 7 BP 859 EP 863 DI 10.1097/00002030-199107000-00010 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FX264 UT WOS:A1991FX26400010 PM 1892591 ER PT J AU ORLOFF, GM KENNEDY, MS DAWSON, C MCDOUGAL, JS AF ORLOFF, GM KENNEDY, MS DAWSON, C MCDOUGAL, JS TI HIV-1 BINDING TO CD4 T-CELLS DOES NOT INDUCE A CA2+ INFLUX OR LEAD TO ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN-KINASES SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; MOLECULE TRANSMITS; PHORBOL ESTERS; RECEPTOR; PHOSPHORYLATION; ANTIGEN; P56LCK; GLYCOPROTEIN; MODULATION; INFECTION AB The penetration of CD4+ cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involves a high affinity interaction between the viral attachment protein, gp120, and the cellular receptor, CD4. The mechanism by which the virus penetrates the host cell subsequent to viral binding is unknown. We have investigated the possibility that HIV penetration induces changes in the metabolic state of the infected cell similar to those seen with the perturbation of CD4 cells by monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against the CD4 molecule, or with specific antigen-mediated activation. The activation of cellular protein kinases was examined. The basal level of activity was not altered in the presence of HIV. Kinase activity was markedly increased in cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and was qualitatively and quantitatively changed by a brief exposure to the phorbol ester TPA (12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate). The phosphorylation state of the CD4 molecule was examined by radioimmunoprecipitation and found to be unaltered by the binding of HIV under conditions in which TPA induced rapid CD4 phosphorylation. The activity of the CD4-associated protein tyrosine kinase p56lck was measured by in vitro assays of (PO4)-P-32 incorporation in CD4 immunoprecipitates from HIV-incubated cells. TPA incubation resulted in a rapid loss of CD4-associated p56lck activity, presumably due to dissociation of the enzyme from CD4. Concanavalin A stimulation resulted in a similar change but with a slower time course. However, no change in CD4-associated activity was detected in HIV-incubated cells. We found that Ca2+ influx was not induced by the binding of HIV to CD4+ cells. However, HIV binding (and CD4 monoclonal antibody binding) did interfere with the Ca2+ influx mediated by attachment and crosslinking of CD3 monoclonal antibody. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP ORLOFF, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,1-1202 A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 7 IS 7 BP 587 EP 593 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.587 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FZ982 UT WOS:A1991FZ98200004 PM 1685089 ER PT J AU GUNN, WJ PINSKY, PF SACKS, JJ SCHONBERGER, LB AF GUNN, WJ PINSKY, PF SACKS, JJ SCHONBERGER, LB TI INJURIES AND POISONINGS IN OUT-OF-HOME CHILD-CARE AND HOME CARE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article ID CENTERS AB As part of a national telephone survey regarding health events associated with out-of-home child care, data regarding poisonings and injuries were collected. Of 171 reported poisonings, none occurred during out-of-home child care. The rate of injury during out-of-home child care was 1.69 per 100 000 child-hours compared with 2.66 for home care. Overall injury rates were slightly higher for children who attended out-of-home child care than for those who do not. This occurred because children who attended out-of-home child care had a higher injury rate during home care than did the children who did not attend out-of-home child care at all. Although out-of-home child care may carry an increased risk of infectious disease relative to home care, it does not appear to carry an increased risk of injury and, in fact, may confer a lower risk. C1 US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GUNN, WJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,MS A-32,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 145 IS 7 BP 779 EP 781 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FV108 UT WOS:A1991FV10800025 PM 2058610 ER PT J AU CALLE, EE KHOURY, MJ AF CALLE, EE KHOURY, MJ TI COMPLETENESS OF THE DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES AS A MEASURE OF BIRTH-DEFECTS RECORDED IN THE HOSPITAL BIRTH RECORD SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABNORMALITIES; DIAGNOSIS; HOSPITAL RECORDS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFORMATION SYSTEMS ID CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; CERTIFICATE; SYSTEMS AB Licensed hospitals usually maintain a discharge diagnoses index, which provides an inexpensive tool for the surveillance of birth defects diagnosed shortly after birth. Government agencies in several states routinely use discharge diagnoses for this purpose. To evaluate the completeness of the discharge diagnoses, the authors compared birth defects noted in the discharge diagnoses with those noted anywhere in the hospital birth record in a cohort of 3,421 infants born to US Army veterans from 1966 to 1986. In this cohort, 237 birth defect cases were documented in hospital birth records, and 49% of those cases were missed in the discharge diagnoses (28% of major defect cases and 66% of minor defect cases). The extent of missed defects varied greatly by organ system and by specific defect. Significant predictors of a missed defect were the presence of multiple defects, female sex, and western region of birth. The underascertainment of defects in the discharge diagnoses should be considered in the development and operation of surveillance systems using this source of data. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CALLE, EE (reprint author), AMER CANC SOC,1599 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30329, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 1991 VL 134 IS 1 BP 69 EP 77 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FX669 UT WOS:A1991FX66900008 PM 1853862 ER PT J AU JOESOEF, MR WESTROM, L REYNOLDS, G MARCHBANKS, P CATES, W AF JOESOEF, MR WESTROM, L REYNOLDS, G MARCHBANKS, P CATES, W TI RECURRENCE OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY - THE ROLE OF SALPINGITIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SALPINGITIS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY ID INFERTILITY; FERTILITY; WOMEN AB We evaluated the role of salpingitis on the recurrence of ectopic pregnancy from a historical cohort of 2501 women who had undergone laparoscopic examination for acute salpingitis. We used pregnancy (N = 2899) as the unit of analysis and a modified conditional logistic regression to estimate a pairwise odds ratio as a measure of the recurrence of ectopic pregnancy. Among the second or higher order of pregnancy, the recurrence was 21.7%. For pregnancies with a prior uterine pregnancy, the ectopic pregnancy rate increased with prior salpingitis scores constructed from a combination of prior salpingitis episodes and severity (0 score, 2.7%; 1 to 2 scores, 4.8%; and greater-than-or-equal-to 3 scores, 12.1%). For those with a prior ectopic pregnancy, the rate did not increase with prior salpingitis scores (score 0, 20.0%; score 1 or 2, 19.2%; and score greater-than-or-equal-to 3, 26.9%). The adjusted pairwise odds ratio was 2.2 and was practically unchanged (2.1) after additional adjustment with prior salpingitis scores. These findings confirm salpingitis as a risk factor for first ectopic pregnancy, but once a woman had an ectopic pregnancy, previous salpingitis might not add any incremental risk. C1 UNIV LUND,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,S-22101 LUND,SWEDEN. RP JOESOEF, MR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 165 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA FY358 UT WOS:A1991FY35800011 PM 1853914 ER PT J AU SAFTLAS, AF ATRASH, HK OLSON, DR FRANKS, AL POKRAS, R AF SAFTLAS, AF ATRASH, HK OLSON, DR FRANKS, AL POKRAS, R TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PREECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA - REPLY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SAFTLAS, AF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 165 IS 1 BP 238 EP 238 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA FY358 UT WOS:A1991FY35800058 ER PT J AU ATRASH, HK HOGUE, CJR BECERRA, JW AF ATRASH, HK HOGUE, CJR BECERRA, JW TI BIRTH-WEIGHT-SPECIFIC INFANT-MORTALITY RISK IN CESAREAN-SECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB The role of cesarean section in improving infant survival has not been clearly documented. We calculated birthweight- and race-specific infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality risks by method of delivery for single- and multiple-delivery infants, using data from 14 states, reported to the Centers for Disease Control through the 1980 National Infant Mortality Surveillance project. For single-delivery infants, the risk of death for infants delivered by cesarean section was 1.6 times higher than for infants delivered vaginally among blacks and 1.2 times higher among whites. The risk was 1.7 times higher during the neonatal period and 1.2 times higher during the postneonatal period. For infants with birthweight less than 1,000 grams, the risk of death was lower when infants were delivered by cesarean section. The risk of death among multiple-delivery infants born by cesarean section was significantly lower than for those born vaginally. This analysis demonstrates that, unlike other birthweight categories, infants with a very low birthweight may have better outcomes if delivered by cesarean section. However, we cannot recommend the routine use of cesarean section for delivering very low birthweight infants. Further studies are needed to determine survival of such infants after controlling for maternal and infant conditions that prompted delivery by cesarean section. RP ATRASH, HK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HG425 UT WOS:A1991HG42500008 PM 1756059 ER PT J AU CUMMINGS, KM SCIANDRA, R GINGRASS, A DAVIS, R AF CUMMINGS, KM SCIANDRA, R GINGRASS, A DAVIS, R TI WHAT SCIENTISTS FUNDED BY THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY BELIEVE ABOUT THE HAZARDS OF CIGARETTE-SMOKING SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB Despite overwhelming evidence documenting the hazards of cigarette smoking, the tobacco industry denies that smoking has been proven to cause disease. The industry professes a desire to clear up the smoking and health "question" and often points to its support of the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) as evidence of its interest in investigating the health dangers of smoking. This paper presents results of a survey of CTR-funded scientists regarding their beliefs about the health dangers posed by smoking cigarettes. The vast majority of scientists funded by the CTR believe that cigarette smoking is an addiction that causes a wide range of serious, often fatal, diseases. This result suggests that the tobacco industry is unwilling to accept even the opinions of scientists it has deemed worthy of funding. Scientists should consider the ethical implications of accepting funds from the CTR and other tobacco industry-supported institutions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CUMMINGS, KM (reprint author), ROSWELL PK CANC INST,DEPT CANC CONTROL & EPIDEMIOL,ELM & CARLTON ST,BUFFALO,NY 14263, USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1991 VL 81 IS 7 BP 894 EP 896 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.7.894 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD161 UT WOS:A1991GD16100017 PM 2053667 ER PT J AU TEUTSCH, S BERKELMAN, RL TOOMEY, KE VOGT, RL AF TEUTSCH, S BERKELMAN, RL TOOMEY, KE VOGT, RL TI REPORTING FOR DISEASE-CONTROL ACTIVITIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP TEUTSCH, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV SURVEILLANCE & EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 1991 VL 81 IS 7 BP 932 EP 932 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.7.932 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GD161 UT WOS:A1991GD16100032 PM 2053678 ER PT J AU MILLET, P COLLINS, WE BRODERSON, JR BATHURST, I NARDIN, EH NUSSENZWEIG, RS AF MILLET, P COLLINS, WE BRODERSON, JR BATHURST, I NARDIN, EH NUSSENZWEIG, RS TI INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SPOROZOITES INDUCED BY PLASMA FROM SAIMIRI MONKEYS IMMUNIZED WITH CIRCUMSPOROZOITE RECOMBINANT PROTEINS OR IRRADIATED SPOROZOITES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; VACCINE; HEPATOCYTES; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA AB Two Saimiri monkey vaccine trials have been conducted comparing four recombinant Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite proteins and irradiated sporozoites. Only a small number of animals immunized with certain recombinants or irradiated sporozoites became fully protected against sporozoite challenge. Preimmunization and postimmunization plasma samples obtained from 30 monkeys on the day of challenge were tested in an in vitro assay based on sporozoite development into exoerythrocytic stages in primary cultures of Saimiri monkey hepatocytes. The percentage of inhibition was determined by comparison of the number of exoerythrocytic stages developing from sporozoites preincubated with a preimmunization and a postimmunization plasma sample of each animal. The plasma samples of the day of challenge of nearly all the immunized animals had a variable, but significant inhibitory effect, when compared with the corresponding preimmunization sample. We found no correlation between the degree of in vitro inhibition of liver stage development, and the in vivo protection against sporozoite challenge of individual animals. The variable results of the incubation of sporozoites with "normal" plasma of different animals indicates that the in vitro results were affected by plasma factors unrelated to anti-sporozoite antibodies. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,MALATTIE NERVOSE & MENTALI SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. NYU,SCH MED,DEPT MED & MOLEC PARASITOL,NEW YORK,NY 10016. RP MILLET, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165] NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GC824 UT WOS:A1991GC82400002 PM 1907809 ER PT J AU GORDON, DM DAVIS, DR LEE, M LAMBROS, C HARRISON, BA SAMUEL, R CAMPBELL, GH JEGATHESAN, M SELVARAJAN, K LEWIS, GE AF GORDON, DM DAVIS, DR LEE, M LAMBROS, C HARRISON, BA SAMUEL, R CAMPBELL, GH JEGATHESAN, M SELVARAJAN, K LEWIS, GE TI SIGNIFICANCE OF CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY IN THE NATURAL TRANSMISSION OF PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM, PLASMODIUM-VIVAX, AND PLASMODIUM-MALARIAE IN AN ABORIGINAL (ORANG-ASLI) POPULATION OF CENTRAL PENINSULAR MALAYSIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY ACQUIRED ANTIBODIES; CD8+ T-CELLS; IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPE; SPOROZOITE VACCINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; IMMUNITY; IMMUNOGENICITY; SAFETY; GENE AB Two hundred and seventy-five Orang Asli volunteers living in nine villages in the Pos Legap Valley of Perak State, penisular Malaysia, participated in a prospective study designed to characterize the epidemiological, parasitological, and entomological characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae malaria transmission. Prevalence rates for the three plasmodial species at initiation of the study ranged from 56% in the 0-4-year-old age group to 0% in individuals over the age of 40. Entomological surveys were conducted, enabling us to determine mosquito salivary gland-positive rates and entomological inoculation rates of 1.2 infectious mosquito bites per person per month for P. falciparum, 2.4 for P. vivax, and 0.3 for P. malariae. Cumulative incidence rates over the 16 weeks of the study, following radical cure of all volunteers, were 22.5% for P. falciparum, 12.7% for P. vivax, and 1.5% for P. malariae. The median baseline antibody titer against the immunodominant repetitive B cell epitope of P. falciparum or P. vivax circumsporozoite protein was significantly higher for volunteers who did not become parasitemic. Volunteers were selected for further study if they had evidence of being challenged with P. falciparum sporozoites during the study, based on a two-fold or greater increase in antibody titer against the immunodominant repetitive B cell epitope of the circumsporozoite protein. Resistance to infection was seen in six of 10 individuals who had high (> 25 OD units) baseline ELISA titers, compared with only three of 24 individuals who had low baseline ELISA titers (chi-2 P < 0.02). A similar analysis for P. vivax did not show a significant correlation. C1 USA,INST MED RES,MED RES UNIT,KUALA LUMPUR,MALAYSIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. INST MED RES,KUALA LUMPUR,MALAYSIA. GOMBAK HOSP,DEPT ORANG ASLI AFFAIRS,SELANGOR,MALAYSIA. RP GORDON, DM (reprint author), WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307, USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 45 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GC824 UT WOS:A1991GC82400003 PM 1867348 ER PT J AU BEUSTERIEN, KM ETZEL, RA AGOCS, MM EGELAND, GM SOCIE, EM ROUSE, MA MORTENSEN, BK AF BEUSTERIEN, KM ETZEL, RA AGOCS, MM EGELAND, GM SOCIE, EM ROUSE, MA MORTENSEN, BK TI INDOOR AIR MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING APPLICATION OF INTERIOR LATEX PAINT SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Mercury vapors are released from paint containing mercury compounds used to prolong the shelf-life of interior latex paint. To determine whether homes recently painted with paint containing mercury had elevated indoor-air mercury concentrations, we studied 37 Ohio homes. Twenty-one homes painted with mercury-containing paint a median of 86 days earlier were compared with 16 homes not recently painted with mercury-containing paint. Paint samples from the exposed homes contained a median of 210 mg Hg/L (range 120-610 mg/L). The median air mercury concentration was higher in the exposed homes (0.3-mu-g/m3; range nondetectable-1.5-mu-g/m3) than in the unexposed homes (nondetectable; range nondetectable-0.3-mu-g/m3, P < 0.0001). Among the exposed homes there were seven in which paint containing < 200 mg/L had been applied. In these homes, the median air mercury concentration was 0.2-mu-g/m3 (range nondetectable-1-mu-g/m3). Six (33%) exposed homes had air mercury concentrations > 0.5-mu-g/m3, the acceptable indoor concentration recommended by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Elemental mercury was the form of mercury released into the air. These data demonstrate that potentially hazardous mercury exposure may occur in homes recently painted with that contains mercury concentrations < 200 mg/L. C1 OHIO DEPT HLTH,COLUMBUS,OH 43266. RP BEUSTERIEN, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 62 EP 64 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FR206 UT WOS:A1991FR20600008 PM 1898118 ER PT J AU MATTE, TD FIGUEROA, JP OSTROWSKI, S BURR, G JACKSONHUNT, L BAKER, EL AF MATTE, TD FIGUEROA, JP OSTROWSKI, S BURR, G JACKSONHUNT, L BAKER, EL TI LEAD-EXPOSURE FROM CONVENTIONAL AND COTTAGE LEAD SMELTING IN JAMAICA SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD LEAD; CHILDREN; ABSORPTION; HOME; WORKERS; DUST; SOIL AB A survey was conducted to determine the distribution and determinants of environmental and blood lead levels near a conventional and several cottage lead smelters and to assess the relationship between environmental and blood lead levels in a tropical, developing-country setting. Fifty-eight households were studied in the Red Pond community, the site of the established smelter and several backyard smelters, and 21 households were studied in the adjacent, upwind Ebony Vale community in Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica. Households were investigated, using questionnaires, soil and housedust lead measurement, and blood lead (PbB) measurements from 372 residents. Soil lead levels in Red Pond exceeded 500 parts per million (ppm) at 24% of households (maximum-18,600 ppm), compared to 0% in Ebony Vale (maximum 150 ppm). Geometric mean PbB in Red Pond, where 44% of children < 6 years of age had PbB levels greater-than-or-equal-to 25 micrograms per deciliter (mu-g/dL), was more than twice that Ebony Vale in all age groups (p < 0.0005). Within Red Pond, proximity to backyard smelters and to the conventional smelter were independent predictors of soil lead (p < 0.05). Soil lead was the strongest predictor of PbB among Red Pond subjects under 12 years of age. The blood lead-soil lead relationship in children differed from that reported in developed countries; blood lead levels were higher than expected for the household-specific soil lead levels that were observed. These data indicate that cottage lead smelters, like conventional ones, are a hazard for nearby residents and that children exposed to lead contamination in tropical, developing countries may be at higher risk for developing elevated blood lead levels than similarly-exposed children in developed countries. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,MASTER PUBL HLTH PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. MINIST HLTH,EPIDEMIOL UNIT,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 21 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FR206 UT WOS:A1991FR20600009 PM 1898119 ER PT J AU CANDAL, FJ GEORGE, VG ADES, EW AF CANDAL, FJ GEORGE, VG ADES, EW TI POSSIBILITIES OF VACCINE MANUFACTURE IN HUMAN-DIPLOID CELL STRAINS WITH A SERUM REPLACEMENT FACTOR SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CANDAL, FJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,BIOL PROD BRANCH,BLDG 1,RM 3226 D34,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD JUL PY 1991 VL 19 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/1045-1056(91)90037-K PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA GG179 UT WOS:A1991GG17900008 PM 1659430 ER PT J AU HURWITZ, E MORTIMER, EA AF HURWITZ, E MORTIMER, EA TI ASPIRIN AND REYES-SYNDROME - REPLY SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP HURWITZ, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 58 IS 4 BP 368 EP 368 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FX163 UT WOS:A1991FX16300023 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A SWAMINATHAN, B BROOME, CV AF SCHUCHAT, A SWAMINATHAN, B BROOME, CV TI LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES CAMP REACTION SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Letter RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 4 IS 3 BP 396 EP 396 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FW855 UT WOS:A1991FW85500008 PM 1909602 ER PT J AU ZHOU, M ZAKI, SR FINDLEY, HW COFFIELD, LM GU, L RAGAB, AH AF ZHOU, M ZAKI, SR FINDLEY, HW COFFIELD, LM GU, L RAGAB, AH TI CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ACUTE MIXED-LINEAGE LEUKEMIC-CELL LINE ESTABLISHED FROM A CHILD WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARDEN JENNINGS PUBL CO LTD PI CHARLOTTESVILLE PA BLAKE CTR, STE 200, 1224 W MAIN ST, CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA 22903 SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 19 IS 6 BP 535 EP 535 PG 1 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA FQ310 UT WOS:A1991FQ31000293 ER PT J AU VISHWANATH, S AF VISHWANATH, S TI ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE RICKETTSIAE OF THE SPOTTED-FEVER AND TYPHUS GROUPS SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE RICKETTSIAE; SPOTTED FEVER; TYPHUS ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; VACCINE; GENE AB Using immunoblots to analyze antigenic relationships among the pathogenic spotted fever and typhus group rickettsiae, I found that the rickettsial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was a group-specific antigen. All the rickettsiae examined had 135-kDa and 58-kDa protein antigens. The spotted fever rickettsiae and Rickettsia canada had, in addition, 190-kDa protein antigens which were antigenic analogs of previously described protective antigens of R. conorii and R. rickettsii. C1 NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,INTRACELLULAR PARASITES LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840. RP VISHWANATH, S (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVESTIGAT BRANCH,MAIL STOP G-15,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1991 VL 81 IS 3 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04783.x PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FY750 UT WOS:A1991FY75000019 PM 1916232 ER PT J AU CHIZZOLINI, C SULZER, AJ OLSENRASMUSSEN, MA COLLINS, WE AF CHIZZOLINI, C SULZER, AJ OLSENRASMUSSEN, MA COLLINS, WE TI EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS TRANSFORMATION OF SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS (SQUIRREL-MONKEY) B-CELLS AND GENERATION OF A PLASMODIUM-BRASILIANUM-SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY IN P-BRASILIANUM-INFECTED MONKEYS SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTES-B; BLOOD STAGES; ANTIGENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IMMUNIZATION; FREQUENCIES; MEMBRANE; EBV AB The new-world monkeys Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkeys) are currently used as a model to test the efficacy of vaccines against human malaria. To improve our knowledge on this model, we tested the susceptibility of S. sciureus B cells to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were obtained from six of six healthy animals after infection with the B95-8 source of EBV. The frequency distributions of spleen B cells clonally committed to the production of immunoglobulins M and G, as measured by limiting dilution analysis, were from 1 in 179 to 1 in 1,085 and from 1 in 45 to 1 in 60, respectively, in three monkeys naturally infected with Plasmodium brasilianum. In the same three animals, the frequency of spleen B cells committed to the production of P. brasilianum-specific antibody ranged from 1 in 2,211 to 1 in 9,099. One B-lymphoblastoid cell line producing anti-P. brasilianum-specific antibody was cloned twice, and the immunoglobulin G produced was purified. This monoclonal antibody recognized a parasite component of 197 kDa and was specific for Plasmodium malariae and P. brasilianum parasites. These data document that squirrel monkey B cells naturally primed by an infectious agent can be efficiently used to produce monospecific antibodies against the infectious agent. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 59 IS 7 BP 2285 EP 2290 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA FT922 UT WOS:A1991FT92200010 PM 1646769 ER PT J AU LEE, FK NAHMIAS, AJ SPIRA, T KEYSERLING, H LOWERY, S REIMER, C BLACK, C STOLL, B CZERKINSKY, C AF LEE, FK NAHMIAS, AJ SPIRA, T KEYSERLING, H LOWERY, S REIMER, C BLACK, C STOLL, B CZERKINSKY, C TI ENUMERATION OF HUMAN PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES SECRETING IMMUNOGLOBULINS OF MAJOR CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES IN HEALTHY-CHILDREN AND ADULTS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOGLOBULINS; SUBCLASSES; SECRETING CELLS; HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS ID IGG SUBCLASSES; CELLS; INDUCTION AB The reverse enzyme-linked immunospot assay was modified to enumerate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) secreting IgG1-4, IgA1-2, and IgM. Anti-human IgG F(ab')2 and mouse monoclonal antibodies specific to each of the isotypes were used as solid-phase capture antibodies and developing antibodies, respectively. Although attempts were also made to detect IgD- and IgE-secreting cells (SC), their numbers in the peripheral blood were too few to be reliably estimated. The assay was applied to study healthy subjects including 21 neonates within 3 days of birth, 44 1- to 48-month-old children, and 32 adults. Sixty percent of these neonates had IgM SC in small numbers (< 20 per 10(6) PBMC), but only three neonates had IgSC of other isotypes. In contrast, by 1-2 months of age children had IgSC of all isotypes, including IgA2 and IgG4, often in higher numbers than adults. The relative frequencies of IgSC were IgA1 > IgG1 > IgM > IgG2 > IgG3 > IgG4 > IgA2 in the children and IgA1 > IgG1 > IgA2 > IgM > IgG4 > IgG2 > IgG3 in the adults. The order of the serum concentrations in the adults was IgG1 > IgG2 > IgA > IgM > IgG4 > IgG3. No correlation was found between the serum level and the IgSC number of individual isotypes (except for serum IgA and IgA1-SC). This new methodology should facilitate investigating the current status of immunoglobulin synthesis and the Ig repertoire in adults and children, in health and in disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP LEE, FK (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV PEDIAT INFECT DIS EPIDEMIOL & IMMUNOL,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. RI CZERKINSKY, CECIL/G-6520-2015 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R03 AI30963-01, 5 R01 AI22695-03]; NICHD NIH HHS [3RO1 HD26634-01S1] NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0271-9142 J9 J CLIN IMMUNOL JI J. Clin. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 11 IS 4 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1007/BF00917427 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FY778 UT WOS:A1991FY77800006 PM 1918268 ER PT J AU BRENNER, DJ OCONNOR, SP HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE STEIGERWALT, AG AF BRENNER, DJ OCONNOR, SP HOLLIS, DG WEAVER, RE STEIGERWALT, AG TI MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPOSAL OF A NEOTYPE STRAIN FOR BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; ANGIOMATOSIS; INFECTION; BACTERIA; AGENT; ACID AB Bartonella bacilliformis, the etiologic agent of bartonellosis, was characterized biochemically and by DNA hybridization, guanine-plus-cytosine content, genome size, and 16S rRNA sequencing. DNAs from the two strains in our collection exhibited 97% relatedness in hydroxyapatite reactions done at 55-degrees-C (optimal reassociation criterion) and 100% relatedness in reactions done at 70-degrees-C (stringent reassociation criterion). There was no evidence of divergence within the related sequences. B. bacilliformis DNA showed no relatedness to the cat scratch disease bacillus or to a strain of a second species in the same genus as the cat scratch disease bacillus in hybridization reactions done at 65-degrees-C. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of DNAs from the two B. bacilliformis strains were 39 and 40 mol%. Time course reassociation, done by determining spectrophotometrically the time required for one-half of the denatured DNA to form duplexes, indicated that B. bacilliformis has a genome size of approximately 4 x 10(8). The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that B. bacilliformis is in the alpha-2 subgroup of the purple bacteria, class Proteobacteria, and that its closest relatives are Rochalimaea quintana and Brucella abortus. Strain KC583 (= Herrer 020/F12,63 = ATCC 35685) is proposed as the type strain of B. bacilliformis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRENNER, DJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1299 EP 1302 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400005 PM 1715879 ER PT J AU BLACK, CM JOHNSON, JE FARSHY, CE BROWN, TM BERDAL, BP AF BLACK, CM JOHNSON, JE FARSHY, CE BROWN, TM BERDAL, BP TI ANTIGENIC VARIATION AMONG STRAINS OF CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE; TWAR; TRACHOMATIS; INFECTION AB The antigenic profiles of six strains of Chlamydia pneumoniae were analyzed by the microimmunofluorescence test (MIF) and immunoblotting with human serum and murine monoclonal antibody. MIF-derived antibody titers in serum samples from culture-positive patients were four- to eightfold higher against autologous isolate antigen than they were against the prototype antigen strain TW-183. Sera of patients with respiratory illness that were culture negative and complement fixation positive for Chlamydia spp. produced higher titers by MIF against a strain of C. pneumoniae isolated in the area than they did against TW-183. For two of five cases, the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of acute infection were met only with use of the antigen from the local strain; TW-183 was inadequate for this purpose. Immunoblot profiles revealed antigenic differences between strains that varied with the human serologic response; i.e., unique antigens were recognized by the sera of some individuals and not by the sera of others. Using the reactivity of a genus-specific monoclonal antibody against a major outer membrane protein, we found that strain CWL-011, isolated in Atlanta, Ga., may possess a major outer membrane protein with a molecular mass between those of C. trachomatis L2 and other C. pneumoniae strains. These data provide evidence of several new and unique serotypes of C. pneumoniae and suggest that the serologic diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection may require the use of antigens from more than one strain of this species. C1 UNIV TROMSO,INST MED BIOL,N-9001 TROMSO,NORWAY. RP BLACK, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1312 EP 1316 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400008 PM 1885727 ER PT J AU WEBER, R BRYAN, RT BISHOP, HS WAHLQUIST, SP SULLIVAN, JJ JURANEK, DD AF WEBER, R BRYAN, RT BISHOP, HS WAHLQUIST, SP SULLIVAN, JJ JURANEK, DD TI THRESHOLD OF DETECTION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS IN HUMAN STOOL SPECIMENS - EVIDENCE FOR LOW SENSITIVITY OF CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC METHODS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN FECAL SPECIMENS; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; WATERY DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION; SEDIMENTATION; TRANSMISSION; SYMPTOMS; AIDS AB To determine the minimum number of Cryptosporidium oocysts that can be detected in stool specimens by diagnostic procedures, stool samples seeded with known numbers of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were processed by the modified Formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) stool concentration method. FEA concentrates were subsequently examined by both the modified cold Kinyoun acid-fast (AF) staining and fluorescein-tagged monoclonal antibody (immunofluorescence [IF]) techniques. Oocysts were more easily detected in watery diarrheal stool specimens than they were in formed stool specimens. For watery stool specimens, a 100% detection rate was accomplished at a concentration of 10,000 oocysts per g of stool by both the AF staining and IF techniques. In formed stool specimens, 100% of specimens seeded with 50,000 oocysts per gram of stool were detected by the IF technique, whereas 500,000 oocysts per g of stool were needed for a 100% detection rate by AF staining. Counting of all oocysts on IF slides indicated a mean oocyst loss ranging from 51.2 to 99.6%, depending on the stool consistency, as determined by the FEA concentration procedure. Our findings suggest that the most commonly used coprodiagnostic techniques may fail to detect cryptosporidiosis in many immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Weber, Rainer/D-5175-2012 NR 35 TC 200 Z9 216 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1323 EP 1327 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400010 PM 1715881 ER PT J AU PFALLER, MA SAHM, D OHARA, C CIAGLIA, C YU, M YAMANE, N SCHARNWEBER, G RHODEN, D AF PFALLER, MA SAHM, D OHARA, C CIAGLIA, C YU, M YAMANE, N SCHARNWEBER, G RHODEN, D TI COMPARISON OF THE AUTOSCAN-W/A RAPID BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM AND THE VITEK AUTOMICROBIC SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-II; API 20E; MEDIA SYSTEMS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; MICROBIOLOGY; CARD AB The autoSCAN-W/A (W/A; Baxter MicroScan, West Sacramento, Calif.) with the new fluorometric Rapid Neg Combo 1 (RNC) panel is a fully automated fluorometric system for identification of both enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli within 2 h. We compared the W/A with the Vitek AutoMicrobic System (Vitek AMS; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) for identification of 383 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli. The API 20E (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and conventional biochemical testing were used as the reference systems. The W/A correctly identified 336 isolates (87.7%) to the species level and classified an additional 29 isolates (7.6%) as correct with low probability (overall identification = 95.3%); the Vitek AMS correctly identified 355 isolates (92.7%) to the species level and classified an additional 8 isolates (2.1%) as correct with low probability (overall identification = 94.8%). A common set of 134 isolates of gram-negative bacilli was tested in both participating laboratories as a means of assessing interlaboratory agreement with both the W/A and the Vitek AMS. The overall agreements between the two laboratories were 86% with the W/A and 92% with the Vitek AMS. The W/A performed comparably to the Vitek AMS for identification of most gram-negative bacilli, actually exceeding the Vitek AMS for identification of nonenteric bacilli. Rapid time to identification and a high level of automation make the W/A an attractive system for clinical microbiology laboratories. C1 VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV IOWA,COLL MED,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1422 EP 1428 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400029 PM 1885737 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BD TURNER, SH GHEESLING, LL CARLONE, GM AF PLIKAYTIS, BD TURNER, SH GHEESLING, LL CARLONE, GM TI COMPARISONS OF STANDARD CURVE-FITTING METHODS TO QUANTITATE NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS GROUP-A POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIBODY-LEVELS BY ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIOLIGAND ASSAY; ELISA; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; FAMILIES; VACCINE; MODEL AB We examined several of the more commonly used models (log-log, two forms of the logit-log, and the four-parameter logistic-log transformations) for forming standard or calibration curves by using a standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Assay range, accuracy, and error for each function were measured and compared. Antibody levels to Neisseria meningitidis group A polysaccharide were estimated by calculating antibody concentrations of a serially diluted standard reference serum of known concentration. Each function achieved a high squared correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.97), indicating a high degree of accuracy in forming the standard curves. However, when predicted antibody concentrations were compared with the known values, the log-log function exhibited the least precision, with extreme precentages of error occurring at several dilutions. A partially specified logit-log transformation performed better than the log-log model over a reduced range of standard dilutions. This indicated that a high r2 alone was not a reliable measure of the accuracy of the standard curve. Of the methods surveyed, the logistic-log and fully specified logit-log functions were the most accurate models for forming standard curves and for interpolating antibody concentrations from the standard curve. The accuracy of the fully specified logit-log function is highly dependent on the precise specification of two unknown quantities, the optical densities at zero and infinite concentrations, prior to fitting the model to a typical set of calibration data. The four-parameter logistic-log function was the preferred choice for quantitating N. meningitidis group A total polysaccharide antibody by using a standardized ELISA. The function does not require prespecification of any parameters before estimating the standard curve, and the four parameters are readily interpretable in terms of identifiable physical quantities. This model also has the advantage that it is easiest to visualize since it does not incorporate complex transformations of the optical density scale. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BIOSTAT & INFORMAT MANAGEMENT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 28 TC 87 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1439 EP 1446 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400032 PM 1909345 ER PT J AU ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA AGUERO, SM FAVERO, MS AF ARDUINO, MJ BLAND, LA AGUERO, SM FAVERO, MS TI EFFECTS OF INCUBATION-TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON MICROBIOLOGIC SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR HEMODIALYSIS FLUIDS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYROGENIC REACTIONS; WATER; BACTERIA AB To prevent pyrogenic reactions and bacteremia in hemodialysis patients, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and the Centers for Disease Control recommend culturing of hemodialysis fluids (water and dialysate) at least once a month. The recommendations for total microbial counts are (i) less-than-or-equal-to 200 CFU/ml in water used to prepare dialysate or reprocess hemodialyzers and (ii) less-than-or-equal-to 2,000 CFU/ml for the dialysate. In accordance with the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation recommendations all cultures should be incubated at 37-degrees-C for 48 h on suitable culture media, such as Trypticase soy agar, standard methods agar, or one of several commercially available assay systems. There have been suggestions that lower temperatures and longer incubation might improve the recovery of bacteria from water and dialysate. In this study bacterial recovery from various dialysis fluids (water, bicarbonate dialysate, and bicarbonate concentrate) at 30 and 37-degrees-C was compared. Duplicate sets of samples were membrane filtered (pore size, 0.45-mu-m); one set was incubated at 30-degrees-C and the other was incubated at 37-degrees-C for 72 h. The number of visible colonies was counted every 24 h by using a dissecting microscope. No significant difference was observed in specimens incubated at 37-degrees-C for 48 h compared with those incubated at 30-degrees-C for 72 h. Also, bacterial recovery was significantly better when samples of bicarbonate dialysate or bicarbonate concentrate were plated on Trypticase soy agar as opposed to standard methods agar. RP ARDUINO, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1462 EP 1465 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400036 PM 1885742 ER PT J AU ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, LJ ADAMS, DR STEWART, JA MARKOWITZ, LE BELLINI, WJ AF ERDMAN, DD ANDERSON, LJ ADAMS, DR STEWART, JA MARKOWITZ, LE BELLINI, WJ TI EVALUATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED CAPTURE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS FOR DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO MEASLES-VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PLAQUE-NEUTRALIZATION TEST; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; IGM ANTIBODIES; COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; INFECTIONS; RUBELLA; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; VACCINATION AB Monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin protein, fusion protein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and nucleoprotein of measles virus were evaluated as detector antibodies in capture enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the detection of specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies to measles virus. A pool of monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin protein and nucleoprotein proved optimal and was further evaluated. Specific IgM was detected in 97% of adolescents with clinical measles, 97% of infants 3 weeks postvaccination, and < 1% of normal serum specimens. Specific IgA antibodies were found in 97% of adolescents with clinical measles, 97% of infants 3 weeks postvaccination, and < 1% of normal serum specimens. Specific IgA antibodies were found in 97% of clinical measles cases and vaccinees, in 26% of healthy persons, and in 36% of infants 8 months postvaccination; consequently, IgA antibodies were not a useful indicator of recent measles infection. A significant increase in IgG antibodies between paired specimens was detected in 92% of clinical cases and all vaccinees. Only 59% of infant specimens had persistent IgG antibodies as detected by capture EIA at 8 months postvaccination, whereas all specimens had antibodies as detected by hemagglutination inhibition and plaque neutralization. An alternative indirect EIA, in which antigen was directly absorbed to the solid phase, was more sensitive than the capture design, detecting IgG antibodies in all infants postvaccination. When standardized with a microneutralization assay for the detection of persistent antibodies, the indirect IgG EIA gave predictive values for positive and negative tests exceeding 90%. Our capture IgM and indirect IgG EIAs provide a practical combination of serologic tests for the determination of acute measles virus infection and past exposure to measles virus or vaccine, respectively. RP ERDMAN, DD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1466 EP 1471 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400037 PM 1885743 ER PT J AU MCWHORTER, AC HADDOCK, RL NOCON, FA STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ ALEKSIC, S BOCKEMUHL, J FARMER, JJ AF MCWHORTER, AC HADDOCK, RL NOCON, FA STEIGERWALT, AG BRENNER, DJ ALEKSIC, S BOCKEMUHL, J FARMER, JJ TI TRABULSIELLA-GUAMENSIS, A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE THAT RESEMBLES SALMONELLA SUBGROUP-4 AND SUBGROUP-5 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KOSERELLA-TRABULSII; IDENTIFICATION; FOODS AB In 1985 the vernacular name Enteric Group 90 was coined for a small group of strains that had been referred to our laboratory as probable strains of Salmonella but did not agglutinate in Salmonella typing antisera. By DNA-DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method, P-32), seven strains of Enteric Group 90 were found to be closely related (98 to 100% at 60-degrees-C and 94 to 100% at 75-degrees-C) to the first strain received (0370-85). The relatedness of Enteric Group 90 to 62 strains of other species of the family Enterobacteriaceae was only 6 to 41%, with the highest values obtained with strains of Salmonella, Kluyvera, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter. We propose a new genus, Trabulsiella, with a single new species, Trabulsiella guamensis, for the highly related group of eight strains formerly known as Enteric Group 90. The type strain is designated ATCC 49490 (CDC 0370-85). T. guamensis strains grew well at 36-degrees-C and had positive reactions in the following tests: methyl red, citrate utilization (Simmons) (38% positive at day 1, 88% positive at 2 days), H2S production, lysine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase (50% positive at 2 days, 100% positive at 7 days), ornithine decarboxylase, motility, growth in KCN medium, mucate fermentation, acetate utilization, nitrate reduction to nitrite, weak tyrosine hydrolysis (88% positive at 2 days, 100% positive at 7 days), and ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) test. The strains fermented D-glucose with gas production and fermented L-arabinose, cellobiose, D-galactose, D-galacturonate, maltose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-sorbitol, trehalose, and D-xylose. T. guamensis strains had negative reactions in the following tests: indole production (13% positive), Voges-Proskauer, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, malonate utilization, lipase (corn oil), DNase, oxidase, pigment production, and acid production from adonitol, D-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, myo-inositol, melibiose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, raffinose, and sucrose. There were delayed positive reactions for gelatin liquefaction (22-degrees-C), which was positive at 12 to 23 days, esculin hydrolysis (13% positive at day 1, 50% positive at 7 days), lactose fermentation (13% positive at 3 to 7 days, 100% positive at 8 to 10 days), glycerol fermentation (88% positive at 7 days), and salicin fermentation (13% positive at day 1, 88% positive at 7 days). All strains were susceptible by the disk diffusion method to colistin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and most strains were susceptible to sulfadiazine (75% susceptible), tetracycline (88%), and carbenicillin (75%). The strains were resistant to penicillin, cephalothin, and ampicillin. The strains were isolated from vacuum cleaner dust (five strains), soil (one strain), and human feces (two strains). Although T. guamensis can occur in human diarrheal stools, there is no evidence that it actually causes diarrhea. Its main interest to clinical microbiologists may be its possible misidentification as a strain of Salmonella. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER DIS LAB SECT,ENTER IDENTIFICAT LABS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOVT GUAM,DEPT PUBL HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,AGANA,GU 96910. MED UNTERSUCHUNGSANSTALT HYG INST,INST HYG,W-2000 HAMBURG 26,GERMANY. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1480 EP 1485 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400039 PM 1885744 ER PT J AU POPE, V JOHNSON, RC AF POPE, V JOHNSON, RC TI EFFECT OF HEAT OF FORMALIN TREATMENT OF LEPTOSPIRES ON ANTIBODY-RESPONSE DETECTED BY IMMUNOBLOTTING SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID ANTIGENS; PROTEINS AB Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae RGA (RGA), live or heated at 56-degrees-C for 15 min or treated with Formalin, was injected into rabbits to prepare hyperimmune serum. The pathogens L. interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae RGA, icterohaemorrhagiae 1, canicola Moulton, grippotyphosa Andaman, hardjo Hardjoprajitno, and pomona Pomona and the nonpathogen Leptospina biflexa serovar patoc Patoc I were processed for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and after electrophoresis they were then transferred to nitrocellulose paper. Antiserum against RGA (live, heat killed, or Formalin killed) was used on one of each of the three blots. Formalin appeared to completely eliminate antibody response to antigens with the molecular weight of 14,000 to 20,000 (14K to 20K) but did expose an antigen at approximately 23K in the pathogens only. This same band had only slight reactivity when antiserum against heat-killed RGA was used. Heating also eliminated cross-reactivity in the 19K to 30K range and partially degraded bands in the 14K to 20K region so that one broad band rather than several discrete bands appeared. The three antiserum specimens cross-reacted with all of the serovars tested, but fewer antigens of grippolyphosa and hardjo reacted with the antisera. Against patoc, reactivity was limited primarily to the flagellar region. The most cross-reactivity was with the antiserum prepared by using live leptospires. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT MICROBIOL,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1548 EP 1550 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FT634 UT WOS:A1991FT63400056 PM 1885754 ER PT J AU TAUXE, RV AF TAUXE, RV TI SALMONELLA - A POSTMODERN PATHOGEN SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; UNITED-STATES; INFECTED HENS; ENTERITIDIS; OUTBREAK; AIDS; EGGS AB The reported incidence of Salmonella infections in the United States has increased substantially since reporting began in 1943. These infections cause important morbidity, mortality, and economic burden in this country and are particularly severe in the infant, elderly, or immunocompromised patient. Four recent trends suggest that salmonellosis will present an increasing challenge to public health in the future. Antimicrobial resistance is present in an increasing proportion of Salmonella isolates. Salmonella bacteremia has emerged as a serious complication of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Infections caused by the egg-associated serotype Salmonella enteritidis are steadily increasing in incidence and geographic scope, and these infections are now the most common form of salmonellosis in some parts of the country. Finally, contamination of food produced in centralized facilities has led to extremely large and widespread outbreaks. Better understanding of the biology of specific animal reservoirs and of the microbiologic aspects of food processing is needed to control salmonellosis in the future. RP TAUXE, RV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 34 TC 199 Z9 202 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 54 IS 7 BP 563 EP 568 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA FV281 UT WOS:A1991FV28100018 ER PT J AU NAINAN, OV MARGOLIS, HS ROBERTSON, BH BALAYAN, M BRINTON, MA AF NAINAN, OV MARGOLIS, HS ROBERTSON, BH BALAYAN, M BRINTON, MA TI SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS OF A NEW HEPATITIS A VIRUS NATURALLY INFECTING CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES (MACACA-FASCICULARIS) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; IDENTIFICATION AB A new isolate of hepatitis A virus (HAV), CY-145, was isolated from stool specimens obtained from cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with this agent. Sequence analysis of the capsid region of the genome indicated that this virus differed from other sequenced HAV strains by about 20% at the nucleotide level and 7% at the amino acid level. Two amino acid residues (residues 70 of VP3 and 102 of VP1), previously identified as constituting an immunodominant site and conserved in all sequenced HAVs, were changed in the CY-145 virus. Sequence analysis of a second cynomolgus HAV isolate (CY-55), which came from a different geographical location, showed the same amino acid replacement at these two sites. In addition both isolates had an amino acid substitution at the VP3-VP1 cleavage site. These data suggest that the cynomolgus HAV differs genetically and antigenically from all other sequenced HAVs. C1 MOSCOW POLIOMYELITIS & VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES INST,MOSCOW 142782,USSR. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP NAINAN, OV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,WHO COLLABORATING CTR RES & REFERENCE VIRAL HEPATITIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 49 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 72 BP 1685 EP 1689 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-7-1685 PN 7 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA FW644 UT WOS:A1991FW64400023 PM 1649902 ER PT J AU PORTER, JDH TETER, M TRAISTER, V PIZZUTTI, W PARKIN, WE FARRELL, J AF PORTER, JDH TETER, M TRAISTER, V PIZZUTTI, W PARKIN, WE FARRELL, J TI OUTBREAK OF ADENOVIRAL INFECTIONS IN A LONG-TERM PEDIATRIC FACILITY, NEW-JERSEY, 1986/87 SO JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION LA English DT Article DE ADENOVIRUS; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK, CHILDREN ID TYPE-7 C1 NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,TRENTON,NJ. RP PORTER, JDH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0195-6701 J9 J HOSP INFECT JI J. Hosp. Infect. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/0195-6701(91)90144-W PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA GA820 UT WOS:A1991GA82000005 PM 1680902 ER PT J AU MUELENAER, PM HENDERSON, FW HEMMING, VG WALSH, EE ANDERSON, LJ PRINCE, GA MURPHY, BR AF MUELENAER, PM HENDERSON, FW HEMMING, VG WALSH, EE ANDERSON, LJ PRINCE, GA MURPHY, BR TI GROUP-SPECIFIC SERUM ANTIBODY-RESPONSES IN CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY AND RECURRENT RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LARGE G GLYCOPROTEINS; SUBGROUP-B; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FUSION PROTEIN; F-GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS; STRAINS; INFANTS; NEUTRALIZATION; PURIFICATION AB Antigenic group-specific serum antibody responses to first and second respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections were studied in children who had been followed longitudinally from early infancy in a research day-care center. Plaque-reduction neutralizing (PRN) antibody assays and ELISAs for the fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins were done using antigens of prototype RSV strains from groups A and B. Responses to antigens of viruses homologous and heterologous to the antigenic group of the infecting viral strain were compared. Primary group A infection elicited antibodies cross-reactive with group B virus in the PRN(B) and the ELISAs for G(B) and F(B). In contrast, primary group B infection induced significant increases in mean concentrations of antibody cross-reactive with group A virus only in the F(A) ELISA. Second RSV infections caused by group B viruses in children with histories of primary group A infection induced heterologous rises in the PRN(A) and G(A) assays, suggesting that prior group A infection had primed for a more extensive cross-reacting antibody response at the time of second RSV infections with group B viruses. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,FRANK PORTER GRAHAM CHILD DEV CTR,CB 8180,105 SMITH LEVEL RD,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV N CAROLINA,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27514. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NIAID,INFECT DIS LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER GEN HOSP,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ROCHESTER,NY 14621. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-19171] NR 30 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 164 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FT630 UT WOS:A1991FT63000003 PM 2056202 ER PT J AU LEVINE, WC BUEHLER, JW BEAN, NH TAUXE, RV AF LEVINE, WC BUEHLER, JW BEAN, NH TAUXE, RV TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA BACTEREMIA DURING THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS EPIDEMIC SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; GAMMA-INTERFERON; SYNDROME AIDS; INFECTIONS; VIRULENCE; MANIFESTATION; SEPTICEMIA; RESISTANCE; SEROTYPES; PLASMIDS AB To assess the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on nontyphoidal Salmonella septicemia and to identify risk factors for this infection, national laboratory-based Salmonella surveillance data and AIDS case reports were analyzed. Among 25- to 49-year-old men in states with a high incidence of AIDS, the proportion of Salmonella isolates reported from blood increased from 2.8% in 1978-1982 to 14.2% in 1983-1987, with substantial increases for serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium. Of adolescents and adults reported with AIDS from September 1987 through March 1990, 337 (0.48%) had recurrent Salmonella septicemia, with higher proportions among those who resided in the Northeast (0.86%), had a history of intravenous drug use (0.79%), or were black (0.74%) or Hispanic (0.57%). These data suggest that the risk of Salmonella septicemia in persons with AIDS is affected by geographic prevalence of Salmonella species, host characteristics, and invasiveness of infecting strains. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEVINE, WC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 52 TC 117 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 164 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FT630 UT WOS:A1991FT63000012 PM 2056220 ER PT J AU LONG, EG WHITE, EH CARMICHAEL, WW QUINLISK, PM RAJA, R SWISHER, BL DAUGHARTY, H COHEN, MT AF LONG, EG WHITE, EH CARMICHAEL, WW QUINLISK, PM RAJA, R SWISHER, BL DAUGHARTY, H COHEN, MT TI MORPHOLOGICAL AND STAINING CHARACTERISTICS OF A CYANOBACTERIUM-LIKE ORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note AB A spherical organism 9-10-mu-m in diameter, seen in three outbreaks of diarrhea in Southeast Asia and the United States during the past 2 years, bore characteristics of a cyanobacterium when observed in formalin-preserved stool specimens and by electron microscopy. Organisms in freshly passed stool specimens showed an internal morula of lipid-containing globules. In fresh water, the morula divided into two sausage-shaped structures resembling the sporocysts of an isosporid coccidian. After 7 months, the organisms had not developed the crescentic sporozoites seen in the Coccidia but had begun to multiply slowly in culture. It was impossible to stain the internal structures of the organisms because the outer cyst wall ruptured during desiccation, releasing the contents of the cysts. The organisms were readily identified by their intense blue autofluorescence under UV light, but they were also recognizable by bright-field microscopy and by a modified acid-fast stain. Almost all infected persons suffered intermittent diarrhea for 2-3 weeks and many emphasized a feeling of intense fatigue during the course of their illness. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,DAYTON,OH 45435. OKLAHOMA DEPT HLTH,DIV GEN COMMUNICABLE DIS,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. CANADIAN INT WATER & ENERGY CORP CLIN,KATMANDU,NEPAL. RP LONG, EG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,C-03,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 164 IS 1 BP 199 EP 202 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FT630 UT WOS:A1991FT63000031 PM 1711553 ER PT J AU PINSKY, RL FISHBEIN, DB GREENE, CR GENSHEIMER, KF AF PINSKY, RL FISHBEIN, DB GREENE, CR GENSHEIMER, KF TI AN OUTBREAK OF CAT-ASSOCIATED Q-FEVER IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID PARTURIENT CAT; NOVA-SCOTIA; PNEUMONIA; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AB Q fever is usually acquired by contact with aerosols generated during parturition of domestic ungulates (e.g., sheep, cows, goats). In the maritime provinces of Canada, parturient cats have also been implicated in its transmission. A 66-year-old woman from eastern Maine developed high fever, rigors, headache, myalgias, pulmonary infiltrates, and elevated hepatocellular enzymes, and the diagnosis of acute Q fever was confirmed serologically. She and 14 other family members had attended a family reunion in Maine 2 weeks earlier, when they were exposed to a parturient cat. All 11 adults and older children attending the reunion developed symptoms consistent with acute Q fever. Serum samples were obtained from 10 who attended the reunion and 8 who did not attend. Titers greater-than-or-equal-to 1:64 to Coxiella burnetii were present in all who attended the reunion but in none of those who did not. Cat-associated Q fever should be considered when sporadic cases of the disease occur in the United States. C1 ST JOSEPH HOSP,BANGOR,ME. MAINE BUR HLTH,AUGUSTA,ME. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PINSKY, RL (reprint author), EASTERN MAINE MED CTR,417 STATE ST,BANGOR,ME 04401, USA. NR 11 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 164 IS 1 BP 202 EP 204 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FT630 UT WOS:A1991FT63000032 PM 2056206 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, D MCCAUSTLAND, K KRAWCZYNSKI, K SPELBRING, J HUMPHREY, C COOK, EH AF BRADLEY, D MCCAUSTLAND, K KRAWCZYNSKI, K SPELBRING, J HUMPHREY, C COOK, EH TI HEPATITIS-C VIRUS - BUOYANT DENSITY OF THE FACTOR-VIII-DERIVED ISOLATE IN SUCROSE SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HCV; PLASMA; PT-NANBH ID NON-B HEPATITIS; 2 DISTINCT AGENTS; TRANSFUSION NON-A; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; VIRAL-HEPATITIS AB Physicochemical and molecular characterization studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the major causative agent of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (PT-NANBH), strongly suggest that it is a pesti-/flavivirus-like virus. Additional studies show that the buoyant density of plasma-derived HCV in sucrose is significantly lower than that of most tissue culture-derived flaviviruses (1.20 g/cm3). Our finding suggests, but does not prove, that at least one physicochemical property of HCV is more similar to that of the pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and hog cholera virus (HogCV), than that of the flaviviruses. RP BRADLEY, D (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV RICKETTSIAL & VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 34 IS 3 BP 206 EP 208 DI 10.1002/jmv.1890340315 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA FZ478 UT WOS:A1991FZ47800014 PM 1655970 ER PT J AU BURSE, VW GROCE, DF KORVER, MP CAUDILL, SP MCCLURE, PC LAPEZA, CR HEAD, SL SCHILLING, RJ FARRAR, JA OSTROWSKI, SR MORTENSEN, BK MAHER, JP RUSSELL, HL SIEVILA, S AF BURSE, VW GROCE, DF KORVER, MP CAUDILL, SP MCCLURE, PC LAPEZA, CR HEAD, SL SCHILLING, RJ FARRAR, JA OSTROWSKI, SR MORTENSEN, BK MAHER, JP RUSSELL, HL SIEVILA, S TI EVIDENCE OF AN UNUSUAL PATTERN OF POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN THE SERUM OF SOME RESIDENTS AND CANINES IN PAOLI, PENNSYLVANIA SO JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The present study uses gas liquid chromatography (GLC) electron capture detection with packed and capillary columns to detect polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum samples from people living near the electric car repair and maintenance facility of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority in Paoll, Pennsylvania. Most of the cohort surveyed had serum patterns similar to patterns for Aroclor 1260 (AR 1260); a small portion (3/89) had patterns indicative of an AR with higher chlorination (e.g., AR 1268). In addition to analyzing serum samples from humans, we also analyzed serum samples from canines (pets of some of the subjects). In general, the serum pattern for canines was less descriptive for AR 1260 than the pattern for humans; however, the pattern for several canines (9/16) was that of the higher chlorinated PCBs (e.g., AR 1268). By using mass spectrometry and capillary column GLC, we confirmed the presence of high molecular weight polychlorinated congeners in both human and animal samples. We were not able to show a statistically significant relationship between serum patterns of PCBs in canines and their owners or between canines and certain behavioral traits (e.g., runs free, retrieves, hours outside, hours inside). However, the correlation between PCBs quantified as AR 1268 and canines' residence time was statistically significant. C1 US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US DEPT HHS,OFF HLTH ASSESSMENT,AGCY TOX SUBSTANCES & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHESTER CTY HLTH DEPT,W CHESTER,PA 19380. RP BURSE, VW (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,PUBL HLTH SERV,CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 0004-5756 J9 J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 74 IS 4 BP 577 EP 586 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FX402 UT WOS:A1991FX40200002 PM 1917803 ER PT J AU BAKER, EL AF BAKER, EL TI SURVEILLANCE OF DISORDERS CAUSED BY OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; MEDICAL SCREENING ID DISEASES; SENSOR RP BAKER, EL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 8AE SN 0141-0768 J9 J ROY SOC MED JI J. R. Soc. Med. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 84 IS 7 BP 418 EP 422 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FU461 UT WOS:A1991FU46100012 PM 1865450 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF AF WILLIAMSON, DF TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF WEIGHT-GAIN IN UNITED-STATES ADULTS SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE INCIDENCE; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; RISK; WEIGHT GAIN ID OVERWEIGHT AB Although the prevalence of overweight as estimated from nationally representative cross-sectional studies is well documented, much less is known about the incidence of overweight and major weight gain in United States adults. I review results from the First National Health Examination Follow-Up Study involving 9862 people aged 25-74 yr who were first weighed between 1971 and 1975 and reweighed 10 yr later between 1982 and 1984. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GF553 UT WOS:A1991GF55300014 PM 1802220 ER PT J AU ONEIL, C DIETZ, W DIGIROLAMO, M KICKLIGHTER, J LAHMAYER, R PISUNYER, FX WILLIAMSON, D AF ONEIL, C DIETZ, W DIGIROLAMO, M KICKLIGHTER, J LAHMAYER, R PISUNYER, FX WILLIAMSON, D TI FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MAINTENANCE OF WEIGHT-LOSS - PREVENTION OF RELAPSE - PANEL DISCUSSION SO NUTRITION LA English DT Discussion C1 NEW ENGLAND MED CTR HOSP,BOSTON,MA 02111. COLUMBIA UNIV,ST LUKES ROOSEVELT HOSP,NEW YORK,NY 10027. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT NUTR & DIETET,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV GEORGIA,ATHENS,GA 30602. SPORTSLIFE INC,NUTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PHYSIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP ONEIL, C (reprint author), CNN NUTR NEWS,ATLANTA,GA, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 7 IS 4 BP 302 EP 306 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA GF553 UT WOS:A1991GF55300021 PM 1802227 ER PT J AU ZENKER, PN BERMAN, SM AF ZENKER, PN BERMAN, SM TI CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS - TRENDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE CONGENITAL SYPHILIS MANAGEMENT ID BENZATHINE PENICILLIN-G; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY; NEONATAL SYPHILIS; FETAL IGM; DIAGNOSIS; PREGNANCY; INFANTS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZENKER, PN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL E06,CTR PREVENT SERV,TECH INFORMAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 84 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 10 IS 7 BP 516 EP 522 DI 10.1097/00006454-199107000-00008 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA FW915 UT WOS:A1991FW91500006 PM 1652119 ER PT J AU ROGERS, MF OU, CY KILBOURNE, B SCHOCHETMAN, G AF ROGERS, MF OU, CY KILBOURNE, B SCHOCHETMAN, G TI ADVANCES AND PROBLEMS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFANTS; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CHEMILUMINESCENT OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; HIV INFECTION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; ANTIBODY; TYPE-1; BLOOD; CHILDREN; BORN RP ROGERS, MF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 10 IS 7 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1097/00006454-199107000-00009 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA FW915 UT WOS:A1991FW91500007 PM 1876468 ER PT J AU COHEN, SE MUNDY, T KARASSIK, B LIEB, L LUDWIG, DD WARD, J AF COHEN, SE MUNDY, T KARASSIK, B LIEB, L LUDWIG, DD WARD, J TI NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 SEROPOSITIVE CHILDREN INFECTED THROUGH NEONATAL BLOOD-TRANSFUSION SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1; NEONATAL TRANSFUSION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ID HIV INFECTION AB The neuropsychological development of 15 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive children infected through neonatal blood transfusion was compared with that of a control group of 33 HIV-1 seronegative children who had also received blood transfusions as neonates. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection was identified on the basis of a callback blood testing. Two thirds of the HIV-1-infected children were asymptomatic at time of enrollment in the study of development. The children were administered two psychological batteries approximately 8 months apart. The results indicated that the two serostatus groups did not differ in overall intelligence, even as long as 8 years after HIV-1 infection. Significant group differences, though slight, were found on school achievement and on tasks that require motor speed, visual scanning, and cognitive flexibility. Continued longitudinal study of this cohort will be important in characterizing the evolution of neuropsychological deficits. C1 CEDARS SINAI MED CTR,LOS ANGELES,CA 90048. LOS ANGELES DEPT HLTH SERV,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP COHEN, SE (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,DIV CHILD DEV & BIOBEHAV PEDIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 1991 VL 88 IS 1 BP 58 EP 68 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FV062 UT WOS:A1991FV06200009 PM 2057275 ER PT J AU FULTON, JP BUECHNER, JS SCOTT, HD DEBUONO, BA FELDMAN, JP SMITH, RA KOVENOCK, D AF FULTON, JP BUECHNER, JS SCOTT, HD DEBUONO, BA FELDMAN, JP SMITH, RA KOVENOCK, D TI A STUDY GUIDED BY THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL OF THE PREDICTORS OF BREAST-CANCER SCREENING OF WOMEN AGES 40 AND OLDER SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SELF-EXAMINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; SENIOR CITIZENS; MAMMOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR; ACCEPTANCE; PARTICIPATION; COMPLETION; ATTENDANCE; ATTITUDES AB In late 1987, a total of 852 Rhode Island women ages 40 and older were interviewed by telephone (78 percent response rate) to measure their use of breast cancer screening and to investigate potential predictors of use. Predictors included the women's socioeconomic status, use of medical care, a provider's reported recommendations for screening, and the women's health beliefs about breast cancer and mammography. The Health Belief Model guided the construction of the interview questions and data analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify leading independent predictors of breast cancer screening according to contemporary recommendations: reporting that a medical provider had ever recommended a screening mammogram (odds ratio [OR] = 18.77), having received gynecological care in the previous year (OR = 4.92), having a regular source of gynecological care (OR = 2.63), having ever had a diagnostic mammogram (OR = 2.32), and perceiving mammography as safe enough to have annually (OR = 1.93). The findings suggest that programs intended to increase the use of breast cancer screening should include "inreach" and "outreach" elements; inreach to patients with established patient-provider relationships, by assuring that physicians recommend screening to all eligible patients, and outreach to all eligible women, by helping them overcome barriers to effective primary care, and by promoting mammography, emphasizing its effectiveness and safety. The findings also suggest that socioeconomically disadvantaged women, who are less likely to be screened than other women, should become special targets of inreach and outreach interventions. C1 RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,OFF HLTH STAT,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,DIV DIS CONTROL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV OFF,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,OFF CHRON DIS,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NE RES,DIV SURVEY ASSESSMENT & EVALUAT,ORONO,ME. RP FULTON, JP (reprint author), RHODE ISL DEPT HLTH,RHODE ISL CANC REGISTRY,ROOM 106,CANNON BLDG,3 CAPITOL HILL,PROVIDENCE,RI 02908, USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU102929-01-1] NR 59 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 11 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 106 IS 4 BP 410 EP 420 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA GB251 UT WOS:A1991GB25100008 PM 1908592 ER PT J AU HAVERKOS, HW AMSEL, Z DROTMAN, DP AF HAVERKOS, HW AMSEL, Z DROTMAN, DP TI ADVERSE VIRUS-DRUG INTERACTIONS SO REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; REYES-SYNDROME; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; INFECTIOUS-MONONUCLEOSIS; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Over the last 3 decades, epidemiologists and clinicians have identified a few clinical entities that appear to result when a viral infection and a chemical exposure overlap and interact. Ampicillin rash during infectious mononucleosis, Reye's syndrome following salicylate ingestion and certain viral infections, and the association of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma with abuse of nitrite inhalants and infection due to human immunodeficiency virus are examples of such phenomena. Preclinical research provides additional evidence that viruses and chemicals may interact and produce illnesses in animals. We hypothesize that other virus-drug interactions may exist. Identifying such interactions may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of currently baffling illnesses and may provide insights into ways of preventing and/or treating diseases that appear uncontrollable now. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV HIV AIDS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP NIDA, DIV CLIN RES, ROOM 10A-38, 5600 FISHERS LANE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20857 USA. NR 99 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0162-0886 J9 REV INFECT DIS PD JUL-AUG PY 1991 VL 13 IS 4 BP 697 EP 704 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA GA069 UT WOS:A1991GA06900025 PM 1925290 ER PT J AU SPENCE, MR ROBBINS, SM POLANSKY, M SCHABLE, CA AF SPENCE, MR ROBBINS, SM POLANSKY, M SCHABLE, CA TI SEROPREVALENCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-I (HIV-1) ANTIBODIES IN A FAMILY-PLANNING POPULATION SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Blind testing of 743 women who attended an inner-city hospital family-planning clinic showed 8 (1.1%) patients to have serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). A retrospective chart survey did not show an association between HIV-1 antibody seropositivity and ethnicity, marital status, education, history of sexually transmitted diseases, drug and/or alcohol use, and contraceptive method. This failure to establish previously reported correlation may be a function of methods, sample size, or reflect a different population. Nonetheless, the seroprevalence the authors found shows that all patients in a family-planning clinic setting should be offered HIV-1 antibody testing. C1 HAHNEMANN UNIV,SCH HLTH SCI & HUMANITIES,DEPT BIOMETR & STAT,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SPENCE, MR (reprint author), HAHNEMANN UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,BROAD & VINE ST,MS 404,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19102, USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 143 EP 145 DI 10.1097/00007435-199107000-00003 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA GB752 UT WOS:A1991GB75200003 PM 1948510 ER PT J AU DOLL, LS BYERS, RH BOLAN, G DOUGLAS, JM MOSS, PM WELLER, PD JOY, D BARTHOLOW, BN HARRISON, JS AF DOLL, LS BYERS, RH BOLAN, G DOUGLAS, JM MOSS, PM WELLER, PD JOY, D BARTHOLOW, BN HARRISON, JS TI HOMOSEXUAL MEN WHO ENGAGE IN HIGH-RISK SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR - A MULTICENTER COMPARISON SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL MEN; COHORT; GAY AB To describe homosexual men who continue to engage in unprotected oral and anal sex, 601 men who attended three urban STD clinics and who had engaged in these behaviors with a male partner in the previous 4 months were interviewed regarding their sexual and drug-use behaviors. Although approximately one fourth of participants had engaged in 1 to 2 episodes of unprotected anal sex, more than 20% reported engaging in > 23 episodes. Higher frequency of anal sex was associated with lower condom use rates. Although 50% had primary relationships, < 22% had sex with just one partner, and < 10% were in relationships concordant for HIV-antibody status. Multiple regression analyses showed that number of drugs used each month, sex in a steady relationship, and Hispanic ethnicity were the most consistent predictors of risk behavior across sites. Careful evaluation of the diverse nature and characteristics of these men is essential to target risk-reduction programs for this population. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DEPT HLTH & HOSP,DENVER DIS CONTROL SERV,DENVER,CO. HOWARD BROWN MEM CLIN,CHICAGO,IL. MINIST HLTH,NATL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM,KINGSTON,JAMAICA. RP DOLL, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD,MAILSTOP E45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1991 VL 18 IS 3 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1097/00007435-199107000-00009 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA GB752 UT WOS:A1991GB75200009 PM 1948516 ER PT J AU PELLETIER, AR FINGER, RF SOSIN, DM AF PELLETIER, AR FINGER, RF SOSIN, DM TI SHIGELLOSIS IN KENTUCKY, 1986 THROUGH 1989 SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE AB A marked increase in the number of cases of shigellosis was reported in Kentucky in 1988. To examine reasons for this increase, we reviewed the 389 cases of shigellosis reported from 1986 through 1989. Ninety-three percent (285/305) of cases due to known species were due to Shigella sonnei. Sixty-two percent (243/389) of cases occurred in children less than 10 years of age. The annual incidence for blacks (6.8 cases per 100 000) was nearly four times that for whites (1.8 per 100 000). The increased number of cases in 1988 was due to outbreaks in five areas of the state, which accounted for 85% (200/234) of the cases. Three of the five outbreaks involved day-care centers. The primary mode of transmission appeared to be person-to-person; there was no evidence of a common source of infection from food or water. To prevent future outbreaks, cases of shigellosis need to be reported promptly to ensure appropriate investigation and control by local health departments. C1 DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV EPIDEMIOL,275 E MAIN ST,FRANKFORT,KY 40621. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 84 IS 7 BP 818 EP 821 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FX379 UT WOS:A1991FX37900002 PM 2068620 ER PT J AU KHOURY, MJ WATERS, GD ERICKSON, JD AF KHOURY, MJ WATERS, GD ERICKSON, JD TI PATTERNS AND TRENDS OF MULTIPLE CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES IN BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL COCAINE USE; MALFORMATIONS; EMBRYOPATHY AB Infants with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) can provide important clues in the detection of teratogenic agents. Definition, classification, and ascertainment of MCA vary, however. We present comparative epidemiologic data on MCA from two U.S. surveillance systems: the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, which ascertains major birth defects during the first year of life, and the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a nationwide system that relies on newborn hospital-discharge diagnoses. This system has two components: the Commission on Public Hospitals Activities (CPHA) and the McDonnell Douglas Health Information System (MDHIS). Our analyses were based on over 600,000 births occurring in Atlanta, and over 5 million births occurring nationwide. Infants were classified as having MCA if they had two or more major defects from different categories (central nervous system, eye, orofacial, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal). Additional analyses were also done on infants with three or more defects. Compared with the nationwide system, Atlanta showed 1) a much higher rate of MCA (16.2 per 10,000 births vs. 4.9 and 3.8 per 10,000 births in CPHA and MDHIS, respectively) and 2) a higher rate of MCA with chromosomal syndromes (2.0 per 10,000 births vs. 0.6 and 0.3 per 10,000 births in CPHA and MDHIS, respectively). Moreover, in Atlanta, the proportion of MCA with recorded chromosomal syndromes increased substantially during 20 years. These data point to differences in the ascertainment of MCAs in birth defects surveillance systems. More effort is needed to improve the ascertainment and comparability of MCA in surveillance systems, an important step toward better detection of human teratogens. RP KHOURY, MJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUL PY 1991 VL 44 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1002/tera.1420440110 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA FR258 UT WOS:A1991FR25800009 PM 1957264 ER PT J AU YANG, CF DE, L HOLLOWAY, BP PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM AF YANG, CF DE, L HOLLOWAY, BP PALLANSCH, MA KEW, OM TI DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE VACCINE-RELATED POLIOVIRUSES; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; INVITRO AMPLIFICATION; GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC DETECTION ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; TYPE-3 POLIOVIRUS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; STRAINS; VP1; RNA AB We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain sensitive detection and identification of poliovirus RNA genomes. Primer pairs were designed to permit identification of each Sabin poliovaccine strain by the electrophoretic mobilities of the amplified DNA products (Sabin 1:97 bp; Sabin 2:71 bp; Sabin 3:44 bp). The compositions of samples containing mixtures of vaccine strains could be readily determined by PCR. When the amplified products were visualized by ethidium bromide fluorescence, as few as 250 genomic copies in the original sample could be detected. When PCR was used in combination with strain-specific P-32-labeled oligonucleotide probes, the limit of detection was less-than-or-equal-to 2.5 poliovirus genomes, exceeding the sensitivity of poliovirus isolation in cell culture by at least 100-fold. PCR amplifications may be performed on virion RNAs extracted directly from clinical specimens, potentially eliminating the requirement for virus isolation in routine identifications while yielding reliable results within 8 h. RP YANG, CF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS G17,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 47 TC 112 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 1991 VL 20 IS 2 BP 159 EP 179 PG 21 WC Virology SC Virology GA GC026 UT WOS:A1991GC02600005 PM 1659060 ER PT J AU FISHBEIN, DB AF FISHBEIN, DB TI LATENT RABIES - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP FISHBEIN, DB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 27 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 26 BP 1891 EP 1891 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FT580 UT WOS:A1991FT58000013 ER PT J AU CHAVEZ, GF MULINARE, J EDMONDS, LD AF CHAVEZ, GF MULINARE, J EDMONDS, LD TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RH HEMOLYTIC-DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN IN THE UNITED-STATES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE GLOBULIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN UTILIZATION; RHESUS ISOIMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; MANAGEMENT AB Nationwide surveillance of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn (RhHDN) indicates that, after a substantial decline in incidence, reported rates reached a plateau in the late 1970s. We conducted a study designed to validate RhHDN surveillance data, to obtain corrected incidence estimates, and to identify potential reasons for the reported plateau. We obtained data from the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a national surveillance system that collects data from public and private hospitals participating voluntarily. We asked hospitals for copies of the medical records for all infants discharged with a code for RhHDN and for a sample of the medical records of infants discharged with a code for other and unspecified hemolytic disease during 1986. The estimated incidence rate of RhHDN was 10.6 per 10 000 total births, with some regional variations. Our findings indicate that, despite the availability of an effective preventive measure, RhHDN continues to contribute significantly to infant morbidity and mortality in the United States. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 27 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 24 BP 3270 EP 3274 DI 10.1001/jama.265.24.3270 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FR835 UT WOS:A1991FR83500033 PM 1904504 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A BROOME, CV HIGHTOWER, A COSTA, SJ PARKIN, W AF SCHUCHAT, A BROOME, CV HIGHTOWER, A COSTA, SJ PARKIN, W TI USE OF SURVEILLANCE FOR INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE TO ESTIMATE THE SIZE OF THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSED HIV-INFECTED POPULATION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PERSISTENT GENERALIZED LYMPHADENOPATHY; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; BACTEREMIA; VACCINE AB We used population-based surveillance in New Jersey in 1986 to quantify the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in those who went on to develop AIDS. Using pneumococcal surveillance, we also devised a method to estimate the size of the immunosuppressed population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the so-called pre-AIDS population. From rates of pneumococcal disease that occurred in areas with a low incidence of AIDS, we calculated the number of patients expected to contract pneumococcal disease in areas with a high incidence of AIDS. There were 59 more cases of pneumococcal disease observed than expected; 14 of these patients had AIDS by the time of pneumococcal infection. We attributed the remaining 45 cases to the increased risk of pneumococcal infection in pre-AIDS. The pre-AIDS pneumococcal cases and the attack rate of pneumococcal disease in pre-AIDS were used to estimate the size of the 1986 pre-AIDS New Jersey population as 8823 pre-AIDS cases (95% confidence interval, 7377 to 10 714) or 0.37% of the adult New Jersey population. Surveillance for marker diseases may provide a simple, independent method of estimating the pre-AIDS population. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,STAT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV AIDS PREVENT & CONTROL,DATA ANAL UNIT,TRENTON,NJ. NEW JERSEY STATE DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL & DIS CONTROL,TRENTON,NJ. RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,BLDG 1,ROOM 4415,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 24 BP 3275 EP 3279 DI 10.1001/jama.265.24.3275 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FR835 UT WOS:A1991FR83500034 PM 2046109 ER PT J AU LEW, JF GLASS, RI GANGAROSA, RE COHEN, IP BERN, C MOE, CL AF LEW, JF GLASS, RI GANGAROSA, RE COHEN, IP BERN, C MOE, CL TI DIARRHEAL DEATHS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979 THROUGH 1987 - A SPECIAL PROBLEM FOR THE ELDERLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GASTROENTERITIS; COMMUNITY AB Objective. - Diarrhea is an important cause of death among young children in both developing and developed countries, but little is known about diarrheal deaths among adults. In this study, we examined trends in diarrheal deaths among all age groups in the United States. Design/Setting/Participants. - We reviewed national mortality data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md, which consist of information from all death certificates filed in the United States for the period 1979 through 1987. A death for which diarrhea was listed as an immediate or underlying cause was considered a "diarrheal death" and included in the analysis. Results. - We found that 28 538 persons died of diarrhea cited as either an immediate or the underlying cause of death during the 9-year period. A majority of diarrheal deaths occurred among the elderly (older than 74 years of age, 51%), followed by adults 55 to 74 years of age (27%), and young children (younger than 5 years of age, 11 %). For the elderly, adjusted risk factors for dying of diarrhea included being white, female, and residing in a long-term care facility. Only the elderly and young children had clear, distinct winter peaks of diarrheal deaths, suggesting that the diarrhea may, in part, be infectious in origin. Conclusion. - For the elderly, more directed studies of those at risk, such as nursing home residents, are needed to determine if oral rehydration therapy, vaccines, or other preventive measures might benefit this population. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. LYCEE ST LOUIS,PARIS,FRANCE. RP LEW, JF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RESP & ENTER VIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 24 BP 3280 EP 3284 DI 10.1001/jama.265.24.3280 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FR835 UT WOS:A1991FR83500035 PM 2046110 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, RJ AF OBRIEN, RJ TI HEPATOXIC REACTION TO ANTITUBERCULOUS DRUGS - ADJUSTMENTS TO THERAPEUTIC REGIMEN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP OBRIEN, RJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 26 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 24 BP 3323 EP 3323 DI 10.1001/jama.265.24.3323 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FR835 UT WOS:A1991FR83500045 PM 2046117 ER PT J AU FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE MARLOW, DA PIACITELLI, LA HONCHAR, PA SWEENEY, MH GREIFE, AL DILL, PA STEENLAND, K SURUDA, AJ AF FINGERHUT, MA HALPERIN, WE MARLOW, DA PIACITELLI, LA HONCHAR, PA SWEENEY, MH GREIFE, AL DILL, PA STEENLAND, K SURUDA, AJ TI DIOXIN AND MORTALITY FROM CANCER - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID WORKERS RP FINGERHUT, MA (reprint author), NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 20 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 25 BP 1811 EP 1812 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FR681 UT WOS:A1991FR68100015 ER PT J AU FORD, ES DESTEFANO, F AF FORD, ES DESTEFANO, F TI RISK-FACTORS FOR MORTALITY FROM ALL CAUSES AND FROM CORONARY HEART-DISEASE AMONG PERSONS WITH DIABETES - FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL-HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY-I EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; EXERTION; HYPERTENSION; MORTALITY; OBESITY; SMOKING ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; POPULATION; FRAMINGHAM; SURVIVAL; MEN AB Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality among persons with diabetes mellitus, but the factors that account for this high coronary heart disease mortality remain unclear. In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, conducted from 1982 to 1984, 92 deaths from coronary heart disease were found to have occurred among 602 diabetic participants and 558 deaths from coronary heart disease were found to have occurred among 12,562 nondiabetic participants during the follow-up period (1971-1984; average follow-up, 10 years). Using proportional hazards analysis, the authors found age, male sex, severe overweight, and non-leisure-time physical inactivity to be significantly associated with coronary heart disease mortality among persons with diabetes. Age, male sex, current smoking, hypertension, and non-leisure-time physical inactivity were associated with all-cause mortality. Cholesterol showed a more complex relation to all-cause mortality. The strength of the associations between risk factors and all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality did not differ significantly among persons with and without diabetes. These results reinforce the importance of controlling coronary heart disease risk factors among persons with diabetes. RP FORD, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1220 EP 1230 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FV266 UT WOS:A1991FV26600003 PM 2063830 ER PT J AU FORD, ES MERRITT, RK HEATH, GW POWELL, KE WASHBURN, RA KRISKA, A HAILE, G AF FORD, ES MERRITT, RK HEATH, GW POWELL, KE WASHBURN, RA KRISKA, A HAILE, G TI PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY BEHAVIORS IN LOWER AND HIGHER SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS POPULATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BLACKS; EXERCISE; EXERTION; MEN; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; WHITES; WOMEN ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXERCISE; OBJECTIVES; PREVALENCE; FITNESS; HEALTH AB Few data on physical activity habits among populations of low socioeconomic status have been published. The authors studied physical activity habits - leisure-time physical activity, job-related physical activity, household physical activity, and walking - among 172 lower socioeconomic status women and 84 lower socioeconomic status men and compared their habits with those of 208 higher socioeconomic status women and 95 higher socioeconomic status men. All subjects resided in the greater Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area. Data collection occurred throughout 1986. Lower socioeconomic status women, the least active group, averaged 1,536 +/- 1,701 minutes/week (+/- standard deviation) of total physical activity, whereas higher socioeconomic status women, the most active group, averaged 2,079 +/- 1,807 minutes/week (p < 0.0001). Higher socioeconomic status men averaged 1,952 +/- 1,799 minutes/week, and lower socioeconomic status men averaged 1,948 +/- 1,916 minutes/week. Higher socioeconomic status women spent significantly more time each week in leisure-time physical activity, job-related physical activity, and household physical activity than did lower socioeconomic status women. Lower socioeconomic status men spent significantly more time each week walking and doing household chores, whereas higher socioeconomic status men tended to be more active in leisure-time physical activity. These data suggest important quantitative and qualitative differences in physical activity among population subgroups. In view of the important role of physical activity in promoting physical and mental health, reasons for the differences among groups of varying socioeconomic status must be examined and elucidated. C1 ALPHA DATA CORP,AMHERST,MA. UNIV PITTSBURGH,GRAD SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,PITTSBURGH,PA 15260. RP FORD, ES (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS CONTROL & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 184 Z9 187 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1246 EP 1256 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FV266 UT WOS:A1991FV26600005 PM 2063832 ER PT J AU LASKER, BA PAGE, LS LOTT, TJ KOBAYASHI, GS MEDOFF, G AF LASKER, BA PAGE, LS LOTT, TJ KOBAYASHI, GS MEDOFF, G TI CHARACTERIZATION OF CARE-1 - CANDIDA-ALBICANS REPETITIVE ELEMENT-1 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE INTERSTRAIN VARIATION; SOUTHERN BLOT; DOT BLOT; GENOME ORGANIZATION; INTERSPERSED REPEAT; FIELD-INVERSION GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PATHOGENIC YEAST ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM; INVERTED DUPLICATION; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; CLONING; POLYMORPHISMS; FRAGMENT AB A middle repetitive DNA element, Candida albicans repetitive element-1 (CARE-1) has been isolated from the pathogenic yeast C. albicans. CARE-1 appears to be species-specific and constitutes approx. 0.045% of total C. albicans DNA, or a reiteration frequency of about two to twelve copies per haploid genome. The CARE-1 element has been detected on several C. albicans chromosomes separated by field-inversion gel electrophoresis, suggesting that the element is dispersed. Interstrain variation was observed in the number and distribution of hybridizing bands. The element is well conserved, since no nucleotide (nt) heterogeneity was observed when the sequences of two CARE-1 family members isolated from two different chromosomes (A and B) of C. albicans were compared. CARE-1 possesses 467 bp and is characterized by several stretches of A's and T's, short direct repeats and shows no significant homology to any known nt sequence. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,SCH MED,ST LOUIS,MO 63110. RP LASKER, BA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,BLDG 5,B-12,G-11,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-16228, AI-07015] NR 30 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUN 15 PY 1991 VL 102 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90536-K PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA GA438 UT WOS:A1991GA43800008 PM 1864508 ER PT J AU RICHET, HM CRAVEN, PC LASKER, BA BROWN, JM COX, CD MCNEIL, MM TICE, AD JARVIS, WR TABLAN, OC AF RICHET, HM CRAVEN, PC LASKER, BA BROWN, JM COX, CD MCNEIL, MM TICE, AD JARVIS, WR TABLAN, OC TI STERNAL-WOUND INFECTIONS AFTER CARDIAC-SURGERY - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 INFECT LTD,TACOMA,WA 98405. RP RICHET, HM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 13 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 24 BP 1742 EP 1742 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FQ155 UT WOS:A1991FQ15500021 ER PT J AU AUERBACH, SB NOJI, EK FALK, H AF AUERBACH, SB NOJI, EK FALK, H TI GAMMA-HYDROXY BUTYRATE (GHB) - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID ACID RP AUERBACH, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 12 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 22 BP 2959 EP 2959 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FP635 UT WOS:A1991FP63500022 ER PT J AU ELLERBROCK, TV BUSH, TJ CHAMBERLAND, ME OXTOBY, MJ AF ELLERBROCK, TV BUSH, TJ CHAMBERLAND, ME OXTOBY, MJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF WOMEN WITH AIDS IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1981 THROUGH 1990 - A COMPARISON WITH HETEROSEXUAL MEN WITH AIDS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; TO-FEMALE TRANSMISSION; HIV; MORTALITY; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; NEWBORNS; IMPACT AB In the United States, women account for an increasing number and percentage of adults with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Overall, 51% of women with AIDS were infected through intravenous drug use and 29% through heterosexual contact; the proportion of intravenous drug users decreased, while the proportion attributed to heterosexual contact increased, between 1986 and 1990. Most women with AIDS were black or Hispanic (72%); residents of large metropolitan areas (73%), especially cities along the Atlantic coast; and of reproductive age (15 to 44 years) (85%). However, the proportion of women with AIDS reported by smaller cities and rural areas has increased from 22% in 1986 to 28% in 1990. The male-to-female ratio of heterosexuals with AIDS has remained about 2.4:1 since 1987. A comparison of women with AIDS to heterosexual men with AIDS showed that these two groups were similar by age, race, and geographic distribution. Also, survival times from AIDS diagnosis to death for women and heterosexual men with AIDS were not significantly different. RP ELLERBROCK, TV (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 12 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 22 BP 2971 EP 2975 DI 10.1001/jama.265.22.2971 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FP635 UT WOS:A1991FP63500034 PM 2033768 ER PT J AU SULLIVAN, K TROWBRIDGE, F GORSTEIN, J PRADILLA, A AF SULLIVAN, K TROWBRIDGE, F GORSTEIN, J PRADILLA, A TI GROWTH REFERENCES SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT INT HLTH,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. WHO,NUTR UNIT,CH-1211 GENEVA 27,SWITZERLAND. RP SULLIVAN, K (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 8 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8754 BP 1420 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93113-N PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FP870 UT WOS:A1991FP87000050 PM 1674802 ER PT J AU BARNES, PF BLOCH, AB DAVIDSON, PT SNIDER, DE AF BARNES, PF BLOCH, AB DAVIDSON, PT SNIDER, DE TI TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NON-HAITIAN PATIENTS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASE; KAPOSIS SARCOMA; UNITED-STATES; SYNDROME AIDS; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTY LOS ANGELES DEPT HLTH HLTH SERV,DOWNEY,CA. RP BARNES, PF (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,DEPT MED,HMR 904,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033, USA. FU PHS HHS [CCU901877] NR 60 TC 884 Z9 898 U1 1 U2 16 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 6 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 23 BP 1644 EP 1650 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FP307 UT WOS:A1991FP30700007 PM 2030721 ER PT J AU LOBEL, HO LACKRITZ, EM CAMPBELL, CC AF LOBEL, HO LACKRITZ, EM CAMPBELL, CC TI MALARIA, MEFLOQUINE, MADNESS, AND MOSQUITO NETS - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP LOBEL, HO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 5 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 21 BP 2808 EP 2809 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FN855 UT WOS:A1991FN85500019 ER PT J AU ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D STAHL, CP AF ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D STAHL, CP TI ULTRASTRUCTURAL-CHANGES IN MEGAKARYOCYTES ACCOUNTING FOR THE EFFECTS INDUCED BY THE ADMINISTRATION OF INTERLEUKIN-6 SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU MED CTR,DEPT MED,NEW YORK,NY 10016. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 45, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN 5 PY 1991 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1146 EP 1146 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA FZ966 UT WOS:A1991FZ96601621 ER PT J AU COLLINS, TR GOLDENBERG, K RING, A NELSON, K KONEN, J AF COLLINS, TR GOLDENBERG, K RING, A NELSON, K KONEN, J TI THE ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION IN PREVENTION SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; PHYSICIANS; ACCEPTANCE AB The Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, prepared in 1989 by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, assesses the effectiveness of 169 types of preventive interventions. In 1990, the Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine formed a panel to review the guide and recommend ways it could be used to enhance both undergraduate and postgraudate medical education. This paper outlines the panel's recommendations of the types of knowledge and attitudes on which postgraduate medical education in prevention should be built. Detailed recommendations are presented, based on the summary findings of the guide, for residency education in prevention. Implementation of these recommendations will integrate preventive services into the continuum of medical care. These recommendations are presented to achieve the goal of educating physicians to approach the total patient, putting the patient's health rather than the disease process in the forefront of primary medical care. C1 WRIGHT STATE UNIV,SCH MED,OFF CURRICULUM,DAYTON,OH 45435. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PUBL HLTH PRACTICE,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. FAMILY PRACTICE CTR,WINSTON SALEM,NC. DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,WINSTON SALEM,NC. RP COLLINS, TR (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT PREVENT MED & ENVIRONM HLTH,ROOM MS 129X,LEXINGTON,KY 40536, USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 66 IS 6 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1097/00001888-199106000-00003 PG 4 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA FQ173 UT WOS:A1991FQ17300003 PM 2069650 ER PT J AU RYDER, RW MANZILA, T BAENDE, E KABAGABO, U BEHETS, F BATTER, V PAQUOT, E BINYINGO, E HEYWARD, WL AF RYDER, RW MANZILA, T BAENDE, E KABAGABO, U BEHETS, F BATTER, V PAQUOT, E BINYINGO, E HEYWARD, WL TI EVIDENCE FROM ZAIRE THAT BREAST-FEEDING BY HIV-1-SEROPOSITIVE MOTHERS IS NOT A MAJOR ROUTE FOR PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION BUT DOES DECREASE MORBIDITY SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE BREAST-FEEDING; BREAST-MILK; PERINATAL HIV-1 INFECTION; ZAIRE; DOSE-RESPONSE; HUMAN MILK ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1; CHILDREN; INFANTS; PROTECTION; COUNTRIES; INFECTION; WOMEN; AIDS AB Breast-feeding as a route of HIV-1 transmission during infancy but also as a protective measure against early childhood morbidity has been investigated prospectively in children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers and control children born to age-and parity-matched HIV-1-seronegative women. The mothers of all study children had been enrolled antenatally at a maternity hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire, which served a relatively affluent group of women who sometimes chose not to breast-feed their infants. In 106 children born to HIV-1-seropositive women, the rate of HIV-1 transmission was 21% in 28 infants exclusively breast-fed, 19% in 68 infants both breast- and bottle-fed and 0% in 10 infants who were bottle-fed only (P = 0.35). In contrast, non-HIV-1-infected children of both HIV-1-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative mothers who were exclusively breast-fed compared with uninfected children who were not exclusively breast-fed had significantly lower incidence rates of acute diarrhea, fever and lower respiratory tract infection. The lack of a dose-response effect between breast-feeding and perinatal HIV-1 transmission and the presence of a protective effect of breast-feeding against common causes of early childhood morbidity and mortality support the current World Health Organization recommendation that breast-feeding should continue to be promoted in all developing countries, including those with high HIV-1 prevalence rates in women of childbearing age. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH KINSHASA,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CLIN NGALIEMA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. INST TROP MED ANTWERP,ANTWERP,BELGIUM. RP RYDER, RW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP G29,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP 709 EP 714 DI 10.1097/00002030-199106000-00010 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FR424 UT WOS:A1991FR42400010 PM 1883542 ER PT J AU NZILA, N LAGA, M THIAM, MA MAYIMONA, K EDIDI, B VANDYCK, E BEHETS, F HASSIG, S NELSON, A MOKWA, K ASHLEY, RL PIOT, P RYDER, RW AF NZILA, N LAGA, M THIAM, MA MAYIMONA, K EDIDI, B VANDYCK, E BEHETS, F HASSIG, S NELSON, A MOKWA, K ASHLEY, RL PIOT, P RYDER, RW TI HIV AND OTHER SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES AMONG FEMALE PROSTITUTES IN KINSHASA SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PROSTITUTES; PREVALENCE; AFRICA ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NAIROBI; TYPE-1; ZAIRE; AIDS AB In 1988, 1233 prostitutes from different geographic areas of Kinshasa participated in a cross-sectional survey on HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Despite relatively good knowledge about AIDS and STDs, the reported preventive behaviour was poor. Only 12% of the women reported regular use of condoms, while > 50% of the women reported regular use of antibiotics and 38% reported doing nothing specific to prevent STDs. Thirty-five per cent of the women were HIV-positive compared with 27% in a similar survey in Kinshasa in 1986. The prevalence of other STDs was very high, ranging from 5% for genital ulcer disease (GUD) to 23% for gonococcal infection. HIV-positive women were older than HIV-negative women (26.9 versus 25.4 years; P < 0.001), had a significantly lower level of reported condom use (9 versus 14%, P = 0.009), and reported more frequent use of antibiotics to prevent STDs (55 versus 42%, P = < 0.001). The prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and trichomoniasis was not higher in HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. However, HIV-positive women had a higher prevalence of GUD (9 versus 3%, P < 0.001), antibodies against Haemophilus ducreyi (82 versus 57%, P < 0.001), antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2 (96 versus 76%, P < 0.001), condylomata accuminata (5 versus 1%, P = 0.003) and cytologic evidence of human papilloma virus on Papaniclaou cervical smear (11 versus 5%, P = 0.006). This study confirms the high incidence of HIV and other STDs among prostitutes in Africa. Taking into account the low frequency of effective preventive behaviour, these women are at high risk of acquiring and/or transmitting HIV. Targeted interventions aimed at increasing condom use and lowering STDs levels among this population are of the highest priority. C1 INST TROP MED ANTWERPEN,DEPT MICROBIOL,NAT STR 155,B-2000 ANTWERP,BELGIUM. DEPT PUBL HLTH KINSHASA,PROJECT SIDA,KINSHASA,ZAIRE. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARMED FORCES INST PATHOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20306. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. NR 21 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 2 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.1097/00002030-199106000-00011 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FR424 UT WOS:A1991FR42400011 PM 1883543 ER PT J AU BENNETT, EM AF BENNETT, EM TI WEIGHT-LOSS PRACTICES OF OVERWEIGHT ADULTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN MINORITY POPULATIONS CY AUG 28-29, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NHLBI DE WEIGHT-LOSS PRACTICES; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTS; BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEY; BLACKS; WHITES; RACIAL DIFFERENCES ID OBESITY; HEIGHT AB Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1985-1988, were used to assess differences in weight-loss practices of overweight adults by sex and race. Data were available for 112 108 respondents from 21 states, aged greater-than-or-equal-to 18 y. Overweight was defined as body mass index greater-than-or-equal-to 27.3 for women and greater-than-or-equal-to 27.8 for men. Weight-loss practices were defined as increasing physical activity only, eating fewer calories only, increasing physical activity and eating fewer calories, and not trying to lose weight. The weight-loss practice most frequently reported by overweight women was increasing physical activity and eating fewer calories (blacks, 32%; whites, 33%). Overweight men most frequently reported not trying to lose weight (blacks, 55%; whites, 49%). Although the prevalence of overweight for black women was twice that for white women, weight-loss practices were similar for both groups. Prevalence of overweight was similar for black and white men but weight-loss practices differed slightly. RP BENNETT, EM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANAL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP S1519 EP S1521 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FP059 UT WOS:A1991FP05900004 PM 2031481 ER PT J AU HEATH, GW WILSON, RH SMITH, J LEONARD, BE AF HEATH, GW WILSON, RH SMITH, J LEONARD, BE TI COMMUNITY-BASED EXERCISE AND WEIGHT CONTROL - DIABETES RISK REDUCTION AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN ZUNI INDIANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN MINORITY POPULATIONS CY AUG 28-29, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NHLBI DE WEIGHT CONTROL; NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; EXERCISE; HEALTH PROMOTION ID FOLLOW-UP; OBESITY; PARTICIPANTS; INTERVENTION AB Cardiovascular disease is a significant health problem for the Zuni Indians of southwest New Mexico, in part because of high rates of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The Zuni Diabetes Project was initiated in July 1983 to reduce rates of obesity and provide primary and secondary prevention of NIDDM. Two studies of the project's activities have been carried out to date. After 2 y of follow-up, diabetic participants in an exercise program compared with diabetic nonparticipants experienced weight loss, a drop in fasting blood glucose values, and reductions in the use of hypoglycemic medications. In a weight-loss competition, 45% (122/271) of the enrollees finished and lost greater-than-or-equal-to 2.3 kg. The results of these two studies demonstrate that 1) participation in a community-based exercise program can produce significant weight loss and improvement in glycemic control in Zuni Indians with NIDDM and 2) weight-loss competitions appear to be an important public health model for health-behavior change in communities similar to that of Zuni, NM. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ZUNI COMPREHENS HLTH CTR,INDIAN HLTH SERV,ZUNI,NM. INDIAN HLTH SERV,ALBUQUERQUE,NM. RP HEATH, GW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,KOGER CTR,CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH,RHOADES BLDG K47,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP S1642 EP S1646 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FP059 UT WOS:A1991FP05900024 PM 2031500 ER PT J AU KAHN, HS WILLIAMSON, DF AF KAHN, HS WILLIAMSON, DF TI IS RACE ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHT CHANGE IN UNITED-STATES ADULTS AFTER ADJUSTMENT FOR INCOME, EDUCATION, AND MARITAL FACTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN MINORITY POPULATIONS CY AUG 28-29, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NHLBI DE BODY WEIGHT; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; INCOME; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; MARRIAGE; OBESITY; BLACKS; WHITES ID OBESITY; WOMEN AB We examined the 10-y change in body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) of black and white adults who entered the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Followup Study at ages 25-44 y. In women the mean change in BMI was greater for blacks than for whites despite multiple adjustments. However, the risk of major weight gain (MWG; BMI change greater-than-or-equal-to +5) was nearly identical in black and white women. Womens' MWG was independently associated with low income [odds ratio (OR) = 1.7] and with becoming married (OR = 1.8). The risk of major weight loss (MWL; BMI change less-than-or-equal-to -2.5) was lower in black women than in white women (OR = 0.6). In men mean BMI change, MWG (BMI change greater-than-or-equal-to +4) and MWL (BMI change greater-than-or-equal-to -2) were not associated with race, but there were effects associated with low income, low education, and marital changes. Black race does not increase the risk of weight gain; in women it may be associated with a reduced likelihood of weight loss. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAIL STOP K-26,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUN & PREVENT MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 14 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP S1566 EP S1570 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FP059 UT WOS:A1991FP05900012 PM 2031489 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF KAHN, HS BYERS, T AF WILLIAMSON, DF KAHN, HS BYERS, T TI THE 10-Y INCIDENCE OF OBESITY AND MAJOR WEIGHT-GAIN IN BLACK-AND-WHITE UNITED-STATES WOMEN AGED 30-55 Y SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CONF ON OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN MINORITY POPULATIONS CY AUG 28-29, 1990 CL BETHESDA, MD SP NHLBI DE BLACKS; WHITES; INCIDENCE; OBESITY; WEIGHT GAIN; WOMEN ID OVERWEIGHT AB Although the prevalence of obesity in US women is well-described, data are limited on the incidence of major weight gain and obesity. We used data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study to estimate the 10-y incidence of major weight gain (greater-than-or-equal-to 10 kg) and obesity [body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) greater-than-or-equal-to 29] in a cohort of US women aged 30-55 y (n = 535 blacks and 2976 whites). In women not obese at baseline, blacks were 60% more likely to become obese than whites [incidence in blacks = 15.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.2-19.7; incidence in whites = 9.7%, 95% CI = 8.6 - 10.8]. This higher incidence of obesity in blacks was largely due to their higher average BMI at baseline. The incidence of major weight gain was 50% higher in blacks than in whites (in blacks, 17.3%; 95% CI = 13.6 - 21.0; in whites, 11.7%; 95% CI = 10.3 - 13.1). We estimate that in black and white women, respectively, 16% and 12% of coronary heart disease is attributed to major weight gain whereas 35% and 21% is attributed to being obese. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP WILLIAMSON, DF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,MAILSTOP A41,1600 CLIFTON RD,NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN NUTRITION INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 53 IS 6 SU S BP S1515 EP S1518 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA FP059 UT WOS:A1991FP05900003 ER PT J AU CASPERSEN, CJ BLOEMBERG, BPM SARIS, WHM MERRITT, RK KROMHOUT, D AF CASPERSEN, CJ BLOEMBERG, BPM SARIS, WHM MERRITT, RK KROMHOUT, D TI THE PREVALENCE OF SELECTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND THEIR RELATION WITH CORONARY HEART-DISEASE RISK-FACTORS IN ELDERLY MEN - THE ZUTPHEN STUDY, 1985 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AGED; CORONARY DISEASE; EXERTION; HEALTH SURVEYS ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; HEALTH PRACTICES; FINNISH MEN; FOLLOW-UP; POPULATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Physical activity patterns and their relation with coronary heart disease risk factors are described for a representative sample of 863 Dutch men, 65-84 years old, who participated in the 1985 survey of the Zutphen cohort of the Seven Countries Study. Cross-sectional results revealed a median total of reported physical activity of about 1 hour and 20 minutes per day; only 5.8% reported no physical activity. The percentage of participation and total weekly time spent in physical activity decreased as age increased; the decrease was less pronounced for walking, bicycling, gardening, and doing odd jobs than for sports, hobbies, and work. Statistically significant mean differences were found among quartiles of total weekly physical activity for both total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol); however, only the differences for HDL cholesterol remained significant (p = 0.045) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistically significant regression coefficients (p < 0.05) were found for the independent association between walking and total cholesterol and between gardening and total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure, after adjusting for confounders. Total weekly physical activity and specific activities, e.g., gardening and walking, demonstrated generally favorable associations with cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. C1 NATL INST PUBL HLTH & ENVIRONM PROTECT,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,POB 1,3720 BA BILTHOVEN,NETHERLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS CONTROL & COMMUNITY INTERVENT,CARDIOVASC HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. STATE UNIV LIMBURG,DEPT HUMAN BIOL,6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009; Kromhout, Daan/A-8566-2014 NR 29 TC 196 Z9 198 U1 8 U2 17 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1078 EP 1092 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FP762 UT WOS:A1991FP76200002 PM 2035512 ER PT J AU MOORE, DA HOPKINS, RS AF MOORE, DA HOPKINS, RS TI ASSESSMENT OF A SCHOOL EXCLUSION POLICY DURING A CHICKENPOX OUTBREAK SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CHICKENPOX; DISEASE OUTBREAKS ID TRANSMISSION; VARICELLA; CHILDREN AB Two Ohio schools experienced an outbreak of over 200 cases of chickenpox during the period from October 5 to December 21, 1988, despite adherence to the 1986 American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation that children be excluded from school for 1 week or until all lesions have crusted. In grades kindergarten through four, the attack rate for susceptibles was 51% (167/329). With the use of person-time analysis, classmates of a child with chickenpox in grades kindergarten through four were 3.6 times more likely to become a case 12-17 days (the range of one incubation period) after the last day the child with subsequent chickenpox was in class than at any other time during the 2.5-month study period (95% confidence interval (Cl) 2.4-5.4). This was even more pronounced during the first half of the outbreak (relative risk (RR), 10.8; 95% Cl 4.4-26.5). Cases were not more likely to aggregate 12-17 days after a child returned to school after having chickenpox (RR, 0.9; 95% Cl 0.5-1.5). No cases occurred in classmates 12-17 days after the 15 children absent <5 days returned to class. Because substantial chickenpox transmission may occur before rash onset, exclusion practices may have a limited effect on outbreak control and increase the indirect costs associated with chickenpox. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD STUDIES,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. OHIO DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLL MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 11 BP 1161 EP 1167 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FP762 UT WOS:A1991FP76200009 PM 2035519 ER PT J AU SURUDA, A HALPERIN, W AF SURUDA, A HALPERIN, W TI WORK-RELATED DEATHS IN CHILDREN SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE CHILD LABOR; CHILD WELFARE; WOUNDS AND INJURIES; LABOR UNIONS; OSHA; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AB An analysis of OSHA fatality investigations for 1984-1987 found 104 work-related deaths in children. The largest category (30%) involved industrial vehicles and equipment, followed by electrocution (17%) and falls (11%). Forty-three deaths (41%) occurred while engaged in types of work prohibited for children by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Three deaths involved work with conveyors, an activity currently permitted for child workers under FLSA. OSHA issued citations for safety violations in 70% of deaths. Since OSHA investigates only some work-related deaths, the actual number of child labor fatalities during the four year period was probably higher. Using information from OSHA and from death certificate data, we estimate that there are at least 100 work-related deaths in the United States in children under 18 each year. Hazardous child labor continues to occur even in industries regulated by OSHA and FLSA. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT ENVIRONM HLTH SCI,DIV OCCUPAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 6 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700190607 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FN156 UT WOS:A1991FN15600006 PM 1882852 ER PT J AU MULLAN, RJ MURTHY, LI AF MULLAN, RJ MURTHY, LI TI OCCUPATIONAL SENTINEL HEALTH EVENTS - AN UP-DATED LIST FOR PHYSICIAN RECOGNITION AND PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE PREVENTION; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OCCUPATIONAL MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE ID LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS; POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE WORKERS; ASBESTOS-RELATED DISEASES; MOUNTAIN SPOTTED-FEVER; FISH FANCIERS FINGER; INDUCED WHITE FINGER; CEDAR THUJA-PLICATA; B VIRUS-INFECTION; DAY-CARE-CENTERS AB An occupational sentinel health event (SHE[O]) is a disease, disability, or untimely death, which is occupationally related and whose occurrence may: 1) provide the impetus for epidemiologic or industrial hygiene studies; or 2) serve as a warning signal that materials substitution, engineering control, personal protection, or medical care may be required. Following survey of scientific literature, a list of 50 disease conditions linked to the workplace was presented in 1983; these were codable within the framework of the International Classification of Diseases system (ICD-9). Three criteria were used for inclusion: documentation of associated agent(s), of involved industries, and of involved occupations. The up-dated list contains 64 diseases or conditions and a bibliography of literature citations. The list is useful for the practicing physician in occupational disease recognition, for occupational morbidity and mortality surveillance, and as a periodically up-dated database of occupationally related diseases. C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 313 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 19 IS 6 BP 775 EP 799 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700190610 PG 25 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FN156 UT WOS:A1991FN15600009 PM 1882855 ER PT J AU BEATY, TH YANG, P KHOURY, MJ HARRIS, EL LIANG, KY AF BEATY, TH YANG, P KHOURY, MJ HARRIS, EL LIANG, KY TI USING LOG-LINEAR MODELS TO TEST FOR ASSOCIATIONS AMONG CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE BIRTH DEFECTS; MULTIPLE MALFORMATIONS; DEFECT REGISTRY ID DEFECT ASSOCIATIONS; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; MIDLINE AB Log-linear models can be used to test for pairwise associations and higher order interactions among anatomically distinct birth defects or congenital malformations. A log-linear model, including terms for every possible pairwise association among seven severe and easily detectable congenital malformations, was examined using data on 16,217 infants registered in the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program between 1968 and 1986. The resulting model showed clear patterns of strong association between some congenital malformations and not others, and the presence of 3-way interaction terms where the association between two malformations depended on the presence of a third. Examining a more parsimonious log-linear model showed overlapping patterns of pairwise association involving anal-rectal atresia and omphalocele, anal-rectal atresia and limb deficiency, and anal-rectal atresia and tracheaesophageal fistula. A second common pattern involved a triangular cluster with a hierarchical relationship among the three malformations (where there was a strong association between the first and second malformations and between the first and third malformations, but the association between the second and third was only seen in the absence of the first). Three such overlapping triangular clusters were identified from these data: neural tube defects, oral clefts, and omphalocele; neural tube defects, oral clefts, and limb deficiency, diaphragmatic hernia, and neural tube defects. Some of these clusters correspond to known associations, but log-linear models offer a simple and systematic approach to searching for possible associations among anatomically distinct malformations. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT BIOSTAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. RP BEATY, TH (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Liang, Kung-Yee/F-8299-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-23288] NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 39 IS 3 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1002/ajmg.1320390311 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA FK915 UT WOS:A1991FK91500010 PM 1867281 ER PT J AU CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN AF CATES, W WASSERHEIT, JN TI GENITAL CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE SEQUELAE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE 1990 ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS - OB-GYN CARE IN THE 1990S : THE CHLAMYDIA CHALLENGE CY MAY 06, 1990 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP AMER COLL OBSTETRICIANS & GYNECOLOGISTS, PFIZER LAB DE PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; ENDOMETRITIS; SALPINGITIS; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; NONSPECIFIC URETHRITIS ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; TUBAL FACTOR INFERTILITY; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; ACUTE SALPINGITIS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; MYCOPLASMA-HOMINIS AB Genital chlamydial infection is increasing and is now more common than gonorrhea. A sizable percentage of chlamydial infections of the lower genital tract in women progress to endometritis and salpingitis. Tubal infertility and ectopic pregnancy are important sequelae. Failure to control chlamydial infections reflects the following four factors: (1) Many cases are mild or asymptomatic; (2) diagnostic tests are expensive and technically demanding; (3) at least 7 days of multiple-dose therapy are currently required; and (4) partner notification is not routinely performed. Thus early identification of infected persons and compliance with curative therapy are less likely than with other sexually transmitted bacterial diseases. C1 NIAID, MICROBIOL & INFECT DIS PROGRAM, STD BRANCH, BETHESDA, MD 20892 USA. RP CATES, W (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR PREVENT SERV, DIV STD HIV PREVENT, TECH INFORMAT SERV E06, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 124 TC 376 Z9 384 U1 0 U2 9 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 164 IS 6 SU S BP 1771 EP 1781 PN 2 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA FR817 UT WOS:A1991FR81700002 PM 2039031 ER PT J AU OBRIEN, TR DECOUFLE, P BOYLE, CA AF OBRIEN, TR DECOUFLE, P BOYLE, CA TI NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA IN A COHORT OF VIETNAM VETERANS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note AB We examined the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a cohort of 18,313 United States Army veterans from the Vietnam era. Diagnoses were confirmed through a review of hospital records. Among veterans who had died after discharge or who had participated in a telephone interview (8,170 Vietnam veterans and 7,564 non-Vietnam veterans), seven Vietnam veterans and one non-Vietnam veteran had developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (p = 0.07). As none of the NHL cases had military job titles which suggest that they were occupationally exposed to herbicides while in Vietnam, the reasons for the excess are unclear. RP OBRIEN, TR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 1991 VL 81 IS 6 BP 758 EP 760 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.6.758 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FV607 UT WOS:A1991FV60700019 PM 2029048 ER PT J AU PROCELL, P BATHURST, IC LOWELL, G RUEBUSH, TK SKINNER, JC HIGHTOWER, AW COLLINS, WE AF PROCELL, P BATHURST, IC LOWELL, G RUEBUSH, TK SKINNER, JC HIGHTOWER, AW COLLINS, WE TI CELLULAR PROLIFERATIVE RESPONSES IN SQUIRREL-MONKEYS IMMUNIZED WITH RECOMBINANT AND SYNTHETIC PLASMODIUM-VIVAX CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PEPTIDES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; T-CELLS; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; SPOROZOITES; PROTEIN; EPITOPE; ANTIBODIES; ANTIGEN; INTERFERON; SAFETY AB The role of circulating peripheral blood momonuclear cells (PBMC) in mediating protective immunity was examined during an immunization trial in Saimiri monkeys. Three engineered constructs representing different but overlapping regions of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium vivax were used to immunize the Saimiri monkeys. Monkeys were randomly placed into three immunization groups: rPvCS2, rPvCS3, and LCV3 (representing three different but overlapping portions of the P. vivax CS protein) and two control groups: an alum adjuvant control group and an unimmunized control group. Collections of PBMC were made throughout the study at weeks 0, 2, 8, challenge (week 16), and two weeks after challenge. Proliferative responses to all immunogens and pokeweed mitogen were measured in all monkeys. Fourteen of 18 monkeys immunized with either rPvCS2 or rPvCS3 responded on the day of challenge to the appropriate immunogen with a stimulation index > 2. Immunization with LCV3, which represents the repeat region only, elicited a specific response in only one monkey. However, monkeys in both control groups also responded to rPvCS2 and rPvCS3, regardless of immunization, suggesting the presence of epitopes in rPvCS2 and rPvCS3 capable of associating with differing MHC antigens. Furthermore, the frequency of these cells in the periphery was increased by immunization, as demonstrated by a greater number of responding monkeys in the rPvCS2 and rPvCS3 immunized groups. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,OFF DIRECTOR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHIRON CORP,EMERYVILLE,CA 94608. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. RP PROCELL, P (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 44 IS 6 BP 632 EP 639 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA GA229 UT WOS:A1991GA22900010 PM 1858966 ER PT J AU WAHLQUIST, SP EBERHARD, ML AF WAHLQUIST, SP EBERHARD, ML TI SODIUM-AZIDE - INEFFECTIVE AS A FECAL PRESERVATIVE FOR PARASITOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article RP WAHLQUIST, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP F-13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 85 IS 3 BP 365 EP 368 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA GD131 UT WOS:A1991GD13100012 PM 1746987 ER PT J AU KIM, CM SWAMINATHAN, B CASSADAY, PK MAYER, LW HOLLOWAY, BP AF KIM, CM SWAMINATHAN, B CASSADAY, PK MAYER, LW HOLLOWAY, BP TI RAPID CONFIRMATION OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM FOODS BY A COLONY BLOT ASSAY USING A DIGOXIGENIN-LABELED SYNTHETIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAW-MILK; SEQUENCE; CLONING; PLASMIDS; PROTEIN AB An oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe based on the sequence of a 321-bp internal fragment of the msp gene encoding a major secreted polypeptide of Listeria monocytogenes was labeled with digoxigenin by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The specificity of the digoxigenin-labeled probe was determined by dot blot assays. The probe reacted with all strains of L. monocytogenes tested (12 of 12 strains representing five serotypes). The probe did not react with any other Listeria species or with other gram-positive bacteria (Brochothrix, Erysipelothrix, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus). The probe was used to develop a colony blot assay for the rapid confirmation of L. monocytogenes on Listeria-selective agars which had been streaked with food enrichment cultures. Forty-eight food samples were tested by conventional culture and DNA colony blot assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the DNA colony blot were 100 and 97%, respectively. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1609 EP 1614 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA FP564 UT WOS:A1991FP56400005 PM 1908203 ER PT J AU BOYCE, JM POTTERBYNOE, G DZIOBEK, L SOLOMON, SL AF BOYCE, JM POTTERBYNOE, G DZIOBEK, L SOLOMON, SL TI NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA IN MEDICARE PATIENTS - HOSPITAL COSTS AND REIMBURSEMENT PATTERNS UNDER THE PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT SYSTEM SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS; UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; INFECTION CONTROL; EXTRA CHARGES; PREVENTION; RISK; DECONTAMINATION; PROLONGATION; SURVEILLANCE AB To determine the extent to which hospitals are reimbursed for Medicare patients who develop nosocomial pneumonia, we analyzed hospital accounting costs, reimbursements received, and the net income from 33 Medicare patients who developed nosocomial pneumonia. In 31 of the 33 cases, hospital costs for the entire admission exceeded reimbursements, with a median net loss of $5800 per case. Eleven randomly selected pneumonia cases were compared with control patients matched by diagnosis related group, age, sex, and service. Cases had significantly longer hospital stays, had greater total hospital costs, and caused greater net losses than did matched controls. We conclude that hospitals are seldom reimbursed adequately for Medicare patients who develop nosocomial pneumonia. With the advent of the prospective payment system, hospitals now have substantial financial incentives for implementing cost-effective measures for preventing nosocomial pneumonias. C1 MIRIAM HOSP,HOSP EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM,PROVIDENCE,RI 02906. BROWN UNIV,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BOYCE, JM (reprint author), MIRIAM HOSP,DEPT MED,164 SUMMIT AVE,PROVIDENCE,RI 02906, USA. FU PHS HHS [200-85-0876] NR 31 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 151 IS 6 BP 1109 EP 1114 DI 10.1001/archinte.151.6.1109 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FQ681 UT WOS:A1991FQ68100009 PM 2043013 ER PT J AU BARBAREE, JM AF BARBAREE, JM TI CONTROLLING LEGIONELLA IN COOLING-TOWERS SO ASHRAE JOURNAL-AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS LA English DT Article RP BARBAREE, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,EPIDEMIC INVEST LAB,RESP DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEAT REFRIG AIR- CONDITIONING ENG INC PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J.-Am. Soc. Heat Refrig. Air-Cond. Eng. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 33 IS 6 BP 38 EP & PG 0 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA FR497 UT WOS:A1991FR49700011 ER PT J AU SAFTLAS, AF HOOVER, RN BRINTON, LA SZKLO, M OLSON, DR SALANE, M WOLFE, JN AF SAFTLAS, AF HOOVER, RN BRINTON, LA SZKLO, M OLSON, DR SALANE, M WOLFE, JN TI MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITIES AND RISK OF BREAST-CANCER SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID PARENCHYMAL PATTERNS; FEATURES; TISSUE; HEIGHT; WEIGHT AB To determine the relation of mammographic densities to subsequent breast cancer risk, a case-control study was undertaken using prediagnostic mammograms of screening program participants. Mammograms of cases (n = 266) and controls (n = 301) were blindly assessed for mammographic densities, which were measured by planimetry. The odds of breast cancer increased steadily with increasing breast density (test for trend, P < 0.0001). Breast cancer odds was 1.7 for densities between 5% and 24.9%, 2.5 for 25% through 44.9%, 3.8 for 45% through 64%, and 4.3 for densities of 65% and greater (referent = < 5% densities). Odds ratios also increased with increasing densities among women with the P2 and DY mammographic patterns. These findings suggest that the percentage of mammographic densities in the breast can predict breast cancer risk more accurately than a qualitative assessment of mammographic patterns. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. HUTZEL HOSP,DEPT RADIOL,DETROIT,MI 48201. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NCI,DIV CANC ETIOL,ENVIRONM EPIDEMIOL BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP SAFTLAS, AF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [T 32 CA09314-07] NR 20 TC 180 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 11 BP 2833 EP 2838 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19910601)67:11<2833::AID-CNCR2820671121>3.0.CO;2-U PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FM140 UT WOS:A1991FM14000020 PM 2025849 ER PT J AU EHEMAN, C CARSON, B RIFENBURG, J HOFFMAN, D AF EHEMAN, C CARSON, B RIFENBURG, J HOFFMAN, D TI OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO RADON DAUGHTERS IN MAMMOTH-CAVE-NATIONAL-PARK SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Note ID MINERS C1 US DEPT INTERIOR, DIV AIR QUAL, NATL PK SERV, DENVER, CO 80225 USA. US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, OFF DIRECTOR, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP EHEMAN, C (reprint author), US PHS, CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL, DIV ENVIRONM HAZARDS & HLTH EFFECTS, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 60 IS 6 BP 831 EP 835 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA FN604 UT WOS:A1991FN60400008 PM 1851736 ER PT J AU JUDD, R ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM EVATT, BL AF JUDD, R ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, LM EVATT, BL TI SINONASAL PAPILLOMAS AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS - HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-11 DETECTED IN FUNGIFORM SCHNEIDERIAN PAPILLOMAS BY INSITU HYBRIDIZATION AND THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PAPILLOMA; PAPILLOMAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; SINONASAL; SCHNEIDERIAN ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMAS; INVERTED PAPILLOMAS; DNA HYBRIDIZATION; HPV; SEQUENCE; VIRUS; SINUSES; TYPE-11; DISEASE C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP JUDD, R (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ROOM 709 WOODRUFF MEM BLDG,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 22 IS 6 BP 550 EP 556 DI 10.1016/0046-8177(91)90231-D PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA GJ608 UT WOS:A1991GJ60800007 PM 1650753 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, SR MORSE, SA AF JOHNSON, SR MORSE, SA TI THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 39 KB TETRACYCLINE-RESISTANCE PLASMID AND THE 36 KB CONJUGATIVE PLASMID OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter ID DNA RP JOHNSON, SR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 27 IS 6 BP 864 EP 866 DI 10.1093/jac/27.6.864 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA FT015 UT WOS:A1991FT01500023 PM 1938696 ER PT J AU HARTLEY, TM MALONE, GE KHABBAZ, RF LAL, RB KAPLAN, JE AF HARTLEY, TM MALONE, GE KHABBAZ, RF LAL, RB KAPLAN, JE TI EVALUATION OF A RECOMBINANT HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) P21E ANTIBODY DETECTION ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AS A SUPPLEMENTARY TEST IN HTLV-I/II ANTIBODY TESTING ALGORITHMS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB To evaluate the usefulness of a human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) recombinant p21E immunoassay as a supplementary test in HTLV-I/II serologic testing algorithms, we used this assay to test 378 serum samples previously categorized as positive, indeterminant, or negative for HTLV-I/II antibody, as defined by U.S. Public Health Service guidelines. We found this test to be highly sensitive for detecting antibody to HTLV-I/II env (99.4%) but slightly less specific (96.0%), particularly among samples from intravenous drug users. Our data suggest that this test is most appropriately used to confirm the absence of env antibody in samples which are repeatably reactive in an HTLV-I/II screening assay and gag reactive only by immunoblotting. Because of the high sensitivity of this recombinant p21E test, a negative result in this context could preclude radioimmunoprecipitation testing. However, pending further evaluation of the specificity of this assay, samples testing positive for p21 env antibody may require confirmation by radioimmunoprecipitation, particularly in situations in which the results will be used for diagnostic purposes or blood donor counseling. RP HARTLEY, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1125 EP 1127 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FM520 UT WOS:A1991FM52000006 PM 1864928 ER PT J AU ADDISS, DG MATHEWS, HM STEWART, JM WAHLQUIST, SP WILLIAMS, RM FINTON, RJ SPENCER, HC JURANEK, DD AF ADDISS, DG MATHEWS, HM STEWART, JM WAHLQUIST, SP WILLIAMS, RM FINTON, RJ SPENCER, HC JURANEK, DD TI EVALUATION OF A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR GIARDIA-LAMBLIA ANTIGEN IN STOOL SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE; GSA 65; DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNOASSAY; ELISA; FECES AB The lack of a quick, simple, and inexpensive diagnostic test has limited the ability of public health officials to rapidly assess and control outbreaks of Giardia lamblia in child day-care centers. We evaluated the performance of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of a G. lamblia-associated antigen in stool. Stool specimens were collected from the diapers of 426 children attending 20 day-care centers, fixed in 10% Formalin and polyvinyl alcohol, and examined by microscopy by Formalin concentration and trichrome staining techniques. Specimens were also tested visually and spectrophotometrically by ELISA. Of 99 test positive by microscopy, 93 were visually positive by ELISA (sensitivity, 93.9%). Of 534 tests negative for G. lamblia by microscopy, 32 (6.0%) were ELISA positive. However, on the basis of examination of multiple specimens from the same child, none of these could be considered false-positive ELISAs; the specificity of the ELISA was therefore 100%. The sensitivity of both microscopy and ELISA improved as the number of specimens per child increased. An optical density value of > 0.040 was 98.0% sensitive and 100% specific for G. lamblia. This ELISA, which appeared to be more sensitive for G. lamblia than did microscopic examination of stool, should be useful as an epidemiologic tool, particularly in day-care settings, and may also have a role in confirming clinical diagnoses of giardiasis. C1 FULTON CTY HLTH DEPT,OFF EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP ADDISS, DG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 17 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1137 EP 1142 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FM520 UT WOS:A1991FM52000009 PM 1864930 ER PT J AU MILLER, JM RHODEN, DL AF MILLER, JM RHODEN, DL TI PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF BIOLOG, A CARBON SOURCE UTILIZATION METHOD FOR BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL SPECIMENS; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB The Biolog Identification System (Biolog, Inc., Hayward, Calif.) is a new bacterial identification method that establishes an identification based on the exchange of electrons generated during respiration, leading to a subsequent tetrazolium-based color change. This system tests the ability of a microorganism to oxidize a panel of 95 different carbon sources. We report on a preliminary investigation of the ability of the instrument to identify, using its computer-driven enzyme immunoassay reader, a diverse group of clinically relevant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and gram-negative non-Enterobacteriaceae. The Biolog reported identifications (correct or incorrect) for 266 of 352 organisms tested (75.6%). Of the 266 identifications reported, 87.3% were correct at the genus level and 75.6% were correct at the species level at 24 h. In the total study of 352 strains, 46.6% were correct to the species level at 4 h and 57.1% were correct to the species level at 24 h. The error rate was 10.4% after 4 h and 9.6% after 24 h. The Biolog performed well with many genera, but problems were encountered with some strains of Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia. We found the system to be versatile and easy to use. RP MILLER, JM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1143 EP 1147 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FM520 UT WOS:A1991FM52000010 PM 1864931 ER PT J AU GENCO, CA CHEN, CY ARKO, RJ KAPCZYNSKI, DR MORSE, SA AF GENCO, CA CHEN, CY ARKO, RJ KAPCZYNSKI, DR MORSE, SA TI ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MUTANT OF NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE THAT IS DEFECTIVE IN THE UPTAKE OF IRON FROM TRANSFERRIN AND HEMOGLOBIN AND IS AVIRULENT IN MOUSE SUBCUTANEOUS CHAMBERS SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL GONOCOCCAL INFECTION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; REGULATED PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PATHOGENIC NEISSERIAE; BINDING PROTEIN; GUINEA-PIGS; MENINGITIDIS; LACTOFERRIN; MICE AB Iron-uptake mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 340 were obtained following treatment with streptonigrin, and one such mutant (Fud14) was characterized. N. gonorrhoeae strain Fud14 was unable to grow with human transferrin or haemoglobin as the sole source of iron, but grew normally with heat-inactivated normal human serum or haemin. Internalization of Fe-55 from transferrin by strain Fud14 was only 25% of the parent level. Strain Fud14 (less-than-or-equal-to 1 x 10(8) c.f.u.) did not grow in subcutaneous chambers implanted in mice, whereas the parent strain was infective at an ID50 of 4.3 x 10(1) c.f.u. Supplementation of chambers with either normal human serum or haemin resulted in the establishment of strain Fud14 in vivo for at least 240 h post-inoculation. Electroporation of Fud14 with wild-type DNA and selection for growth on medium containing human transferrin resulted in a recombinant (Fud15) that was capable of utilizing haemoglobin, and was virulent in mice. These results suggest that a gonococcal strain defective in the ability to utilize in vivo iron sources is not capable of survival in vivo. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS,RES LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 22148] NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1287 J9 J GEN MICROBIOL JI J. Gen. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 137 BP 1313 EP 1321 PN 6 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FR411 UT WOS:A1991FR41100010 PM 1919507 ER PT J AU VEIT, M KLENK, HD KENDAL, A ROTT, R AF VEIT, M KLENK, HD KENDAL, A ROTT, R TI THE M2 PROTEIN OF INFLUENZA-A VIRUS IS ACYLATED SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; INFECTED-CELL SURFACE; FATTY-ACIDS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS; SEMLIKI FOREST; GLYCOPROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; PALMITOYLATION; RESTRICTION AB The M2 protein of influenza A virus, a 97 amino acid integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of infected cells, is covalently modified with long chain fatty acids. The fatty acid bond is sensitive to treatment with neutral hydroxylamine and mercaptoethanol, which indicates a labile thioester type linkage. Thin-layer chromatographic fatty acid analysis of [H-3]myristic and [H-3]palmitic acid-labelled M2 protein shows that palmitic acid is the predominant fatty acid linked to this polypeptide. Palmitoylation of M2 occurs post-translationally and causes an upward shift in the SDS-PAGE mobility of the protein. C1 UNIV MARBURG,INST VIROL,ROBERT KOCH STR 17,W-3550 MARBURG,GERMANY. UNIV GIESSEN,INST VIROL,W-6300 GIESSEN,GERMANY. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Veit, Michael/G-6492-2010 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA HARVEST HOUSE 62 LONDON ROAD, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 5AS SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 72 BP 1461 EP 1465 DI 10.1099/0022-1317-72-6-1461 PN 6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA FQ453 UT WOS:A1991FQ45300034 PM 2045796 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW BOYER, AE PILCHER, JB EBERHARD, ML REIMER, CB ZEAFLORES, G ZEAFLORES, R ZHOU, W RICHARDS, FO AF TSANG, VCW BOYER, AE PILCHER, JB EBERHARD, ML REIMER, CB ZEAFLORES, G ZEAFLORES, R ZHOU, W RICHARDS, FO TI GUATEMALAN HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS .1. SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF PATIENT POPULATIONS, NODULAR ANTIGENS, AND SPECIFIC ISOTYPIC REACTIONS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; INFECTION AB The population from five Guatemalan plantations in areas endemic for onchocerciasis was surveyed, and 1032 individuals were recuited to participate in our study. From physical examination, past clinical history (5 to 8 yr), laboratory evidence and sample availability, a group of 778 long term residents with confirmed disease status were selected for detailed examination. We were able to identify 268 long term residents of endemic areas who had never been infected, 44 of these are from hyper- and mesoendemic areas. The 44 uninfected individuals from the hyper- and mesoendemic areas, because of their considerable exposure to this disease, were classified as "putatively immune." Intact nodules containing adult worms of Onchocerca volvulus were homogenized in the presence of protease inhibitors and fractionated into particulate and aqueous isotonic soluble antigens. Systematic analysis of these Ag fractions showed considerable amounts of Ig, presumably associated with Ag in the form of immune complexes. Individual specific antibody reactions from all 778 patients to nodule Ag were examined. Reactions to O. volvulus antigens by antibodies from patients with confirmed parasitic infections were almost exclusively restricted to IgG1 and IgG4 isotypes. Antigenic activity appeared to be primarily associated with low molecular mass (14 to 29 kDa) components. Some competitive blocking of antibody activities of other isotypes by IgG1 was observed, most notable was that of IgG3 and IgA. IgG4 and IgM activities were not significantly blocked. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV VALLE,CTR INVEST ENFERMEDADES TROPICALES,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,BLDG 23,RM 1003,MAIL STOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [DRR 00165] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 146 IS 11 BP 3993 EP 4000 PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FN054 UT WOS:A1991FN05400044 PM 2033267 ER PT J AU BOYER, AE TSANG, VCW EBERHARD, ML ZEAFLORES, G HIGHTOWER, A PILCHER, JB ZEAFLORES, R ZHOU, W REIMER, CB AF BOYER, AE TSANG, VCW EBERHARD, ML ZEAFLORES, G HIGHTOWER, A PILCHER, JB ZEAFLORES, R ZHOU, W REIMER, CB TI GUATEMALAN HUMAN ONCHOCERCIASIS .2. EVIDENCE FOR IGG3 INVOLVEMENT IN ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY TO ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS AND IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE IMMUNE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN FILARIASIS; UNIQUE RECOGNITION; DERMATITIS SOWDA; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; INFECTION; INDIVIDUALS; IVERMECTIN AB Ag-specific isotypic differences in immune response to Onchocerca volvulus Ag were assessed for 778 long term residents of endemic Guatemalan areas by quantitative ELISA with 5-min incubation steps and immunoblot. The study population was separated into five groups based on clinical status:N+F+, N+F-,N-F+,N-F-H+,and N-F-H- where N = O. volvulus adults (nodule), F = microfiladermia, and H = history of O. volvulus infection. A subset of 44 individuals with high exposure to onchocerciasis from the N-F-H- group were critically evaluated and designated as "putatively immune." IgG1 reactivity to O. volvulus Ag was elevated in the majority of infected persons, but not in putatively immune individuals. Specific IgG3 levels, however, were equally elevated in all groups. The majority of N+F- persons also had elevated IgG1 levels, but they were lower than those found in F+ persons. IgG3 reactivities to a group of antigens at 20 kDa (GP20) were seen in many uninfected persons and some N+F- persons. In contrast, most F+ persons, react to this Ag with IgG1 and not IgG3. A mangabey inoculated with the infectious larval stage of O. volvulus (L3), but showed no signs of infection, began to recognize GP20 at 2 wk postinoculation. Early recognition of GP20 was possibly elicited by the larval stage. Purified nodule Ag from N+F+ individuals contained GP20, however, identical nodule Ag prepared from N+F- individuals did not. These data suggest that GP20 Ag may be common to both uterine microfilaria and the infectious larval stages. The fact that GP20 is predominantly recognized by IgG3 in putatively immune persons and some N+F- persons suggests that this increased IgG3 activity may be important in acquired immunity to onchocerciasis. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,BLDG 23,RM 1003,MAIL STOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV VALLE,CTR INVEST ENFERMEDADES TROP,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,MED ENTOMOL RES & TRAINING UNIT,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NCRR NIH HHS [DRR 00165] NR 24 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JUN 1 PY 1991 VL 146 IS 11 BP 4001 EP 4010 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FN054 UT WOS:A1991FN05400045 PM 2033268 ER PT J AU CAMPBELL, CC AF CAMPBELL, CC TI CHALLENGES FACING ANTIMALARIAL THERAPY IN AFRICA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY HEALTH-CARE; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; CEREBRAL MALARIA; CHILDREN; KINSHASA; ZAIRE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; GAMBIA; KENYA RP CAMPBELL, CC (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH F-12,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1211 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FP534 UT WOS:A1991FP53400005 PM 2037786 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, JD VANLOON, F SACK, DA CHAKRABORTY, J RAO, MR AHMED, F HARRIS, JR KHAN, MR YUNUS, M HUDA, S KAY, BA SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J AF CLEMENS, JD VANLOON, F SACK, DA CHAKRABORTY, J RAO, MR AHMED, F HARRIS, JR KHAN, MR YUNUS, M HUDA, S KAY, BA SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J TI FIELD TRIAL OF ORAL CHOLERA VACCINES IN BANGLADESH - SERUM VIBRIOCIDAL AND ANTITOXIC ANTIBODIES AS MARKERS OF THE RISK OF CHOLERA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RURAL BANGLADESH; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BREAST-MILK; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; PROTECTION; RESPONSES; IMMUNITY; MUCOSAL; DISEASE AB The relationship of serum vibriocidal (VC) and IgG anti-cholera toxin (CT) antibodies to the risk of cholera was evaluated during the first year of follow-up of recipients of three oral doses of B subunit (BS)-whole-cell vaccine, whole-cell vaccine, or Escherichia coli K12 strain placebo in Bangladesh. Acute sera from 121 cholera patients were compared with sera from 2592 contemporaneous community controls. Each doubling of VC titer was associated, on average, with a 22%-47% reduction of cholera risk in the three groups. In contrast, in the two groups that did not receive BS, anti-CT titers were directly associated with cholera and thus served as markers of higher cholera risk. Each vaccine conferred approximately 65% protective efficacy against cholera, but antibody titers did not correlate with vaccine efficacy, indicating that serum VC and anti-CT antibodies are poor markers of the longitudinal pattern of vaccine efficacy. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. UNIV MARYLAND,SCH MED,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV GEOG MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENTER INFECT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GOTHENBURG UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP CLEMENS, JD (reprint author), NICHHD,DIV PREVENT RES,PREVENT RES PROGRAM,ROOM 640,EXECUT PL N,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 23 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1235 EP 1242 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FP534 UT WOS:A1991FP53400010 PM 2037789 ER PT J AU VANLOON, FPL CLEMENS, JD SACK, DA RAO, MR AHMED, F CHOWDHURY, S HARRIS, JR ALI, M CHAKRABORTY, J KHAN, MR NEOGY, PK SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J AF VANLOON, FPL CLEMENS, JD SACK, DA RAO, MR AHMED, F CHOWDHURY, S HARRIS, JR ALI, M CHAKRABORTY, J KHAN, MR NEOGY, PK SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J TI ABO BLOOD-GROUPS AND THE RISK OF DIARRHEA DUE TO ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD TRIAL; CHOLERA; VACCINE; BANGLADESH; SEVERITY AB To determine whether blood group O persons are at higher risk for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea, a case-control study was done for 17 months among rural Bangladeshis who were under systematic surveillance for diarrhea. Cases were children < 3 years old who presented between 1 January 1985 and 1 June 1986 for care of heat labile (LT) or heat stabile toxin-producing ETEC diarrhea. Controls were of similar ages and were randomly selected from three community-based serosurveys between July 1985 and May 1986. No association between blood group O and ETEC diarrhea was found for the 510 cases and 641 controls, nor was an association evident for cases of each toxin phenotype. Further refinement of the case definition to include only patients with LT-ETEC diarrhea, without enteric copathogens, also failed to reveal a substantial association with blood group O. These data suggest that a strong association with ABO groups, analogous to that for cholera, does not exist for ETEC diarrhea. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. GOTHENBURG UNIV,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. NICHHD,PREVENT RES PROGRAM,BETHESDA,MD. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VANLOON, FPL (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,POB 278,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. RI Ali, Mohammad/E-2365-2017; OI Ali, Mohammad/0000-0003-1410-388X; Harris, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8728-7195 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1243 EP 1246 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FP534 UT WOS:A1991FP53400011 PM 2037790 ER PT J AU SPIKA, JS FACKLAM, RR PLIKAYTIS, BD OXTOBY, MJ AF SPIKA, JS FACKLAM, RR PLIKAYTIS, BD OXTOBY, MJ TI ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE IN THE UNITED-STATES, 1979-1987 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN RESISTANCE; DAY-CARE; PNEUMOCOCCI; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MINNESOTA AB The increasing number of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates identified as relatively or fully resistant to penicillin or fully resistant to other antimicrobials in the United States supports the need to monitor for this resistance. Thus, 5459 S. pneumoniae isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control in 1979-1987 by 35 hospitals in a hospital-based pneumococcal surveillance system were evaluated. The MIC to penicillin or ampicillin was greater-than-or-equal-to 0.1-mu-g/ml for 274 (5%) isolates; 1 had an MIC of 4.0-mu-g/ml to penicillin. Seventeen (0.3%) were resistant to erythromycin (MIC, greater-than-or-equal-to 8-mu-g/ml), 157 (2.9%) were resistant to tetracycline (MIC, greater-than-or-equal-to 16-mu-g/ml), and 34 (0.6%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (MIC, greater-than-or-equal-to 76 and 4-mu-g/ml). Isolates relatively resistant to penicillin represented 1.8% of isolates in 1979, 8% in 1982, and 3.6% in 1987. Sixty-five multiply resistant isolates were identified. Pneumococci from the southwestern United States (region 4) were more likely to be relatively resistant to penicillin. Using logistic regression analysis, serotypes 14 and 19A, isolates from region 4, and isolates from middle ear fluid were associated with penicillin resistance (P less-than-or-equal-to .008, chi-2. These dat confirm that antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates remained at low levels in the United States through 1987. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 31 TC 295 Z9 297 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1278 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FP534 UT WOS:A1991FP53400015 PM 2037792 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM RIMLAND, D CARROLL, DJ TERRY, P WACHSMUTH, IK AF BLUMBERG, HM RIMLAND, D CARROLL, DJ TERRY, P WACHSMUTH, IK TI RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF CIPROFLOXACIN RESISTANCE IN METHICILLIN-SUSCEPTIBLE AND METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; SKIN STRUCTURE INFECTIONS; ORAL CIPROFLOXACIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; INVITRO ACTIVITY; DNA GYRASE; ENDOCARDITIS; NORFLOXACIN; OSTEOMYELITIS AB The fluoroquinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, have been suggested to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and colonization and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) infections. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in MRSA and MSSA was prospectively evaluated. After 3 months of ciprofloxacin use, high-level resistance (MIC90, 64-mu-g/ml) developed in MRSA and increased at an alarming rate, from none to 79% over a 1-year period. High-level ciprofloxacin resistance also developed in MSSA, increasing to 13.6% over the same period. Antibiograms, phage typing, and plasmid profile analysis suggest that more than one clone of MRSA developed resistance and that ciprofloxacin resistance is not associated with the acquisition of a new plasmid. Most patients had nosocomial acquisition and about one-half had a history of previous ciprofloxacin use. Ciprofloxacin resistance can develop rapidly in S. aureus; thus, ciprofloxacin appears to have limited usefulness in treating staphylococcal infections and colonization, especially those due to MRSA. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BLUMBERG, HM (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,69 BUTLER ST SE,ATLANTA,GA 30303, USA. NR 51 TC 241 Z9 244 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 163 IS 6 BP 1279 EP 1285 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FP534 UT WOS:A1991FP53400016 PM 2037793 ER PT J AU RAJSHEKHAR, V WILSON, M SCHANTZ, PM AF RAJSHEKHAR, V WILSON, M SCHANTZ, PM TI CYSTICERCUS IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY IN INDIAN PATIENTS WITH SINGLE SMALL ENHANCING CT LESIONS SO JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Letter ID EPILEPSY C1 CHRISTIAN MED COLL & HOSP,DEPT NEUROL SCI,VELLORE 632004,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1H 9JR SN 0022-3050 J9 J NEUROL NEUROSUR PS JI J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry PD JUN PY 1991 VL 54 IS 6 BP 561 EP 562 DI 10.1136/jnnp.54.6.561-a PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery GA FR415 UT WOS:A1991FR41500023 PM 1880524 ER PT J AU SAYKIN, AJ JANSSEN, RS SPREHN, GC KAPLAN, JE SPIRA, TJ OCONNOR, B AF SAYKIN, AJ JANSSEN, RS SPREHN, GC KAPLAN, JE SPIRA, TJ OCONNOR, B TI LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN WITH HIV-INFECTION - 18-MONTH FOLLOW-UP SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX; HTLV-III INFECTION; ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS; LYMPHADENOPATHY SYNDROME; BRAIN; ENCEPHALOPATHY; MANIFESTATIONS; PATHOGENESIS; DYSFUNCTION AB Subjects were 21 men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL, n = 13) or AIDS-related complex (ARC, n = 8), who were not receiving anti-retroviral medication, and 21 controls. At baseline, mild cognitive impairment was detected in language, memory, attention, and visual and auditory processing, primarily in patients with ARC. 1,2 On follow-up, the ARC group showed continued impairment and abnormalities on new measures of distractibility and activities of daily living. Although mild decline in verbal memory was noted for some patients, overall neuropsychological profiles did not show deterioration. Nomenclature for the pattern of mild, stable neuropsychological changes in patients with cognitive symptoms is discussed. Two interdisciplinary panels have recommended the term HIV-1-associated minor cognitive/motor disorder. Unlike the term AIDS dementia, it does not imply progression or a diagnosis of AIDS. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SAYKIN, AJ (reprint author), UNIV PENN,DEPT PSYCHIAT,BRAIN BEHAV LAB,205 PIERSOL BLDG,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104, USA. RI Saykin, Andrew/A-1318-2007 OI Saykin, Andrew/0000-0002-1376-8532 NR 60 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1400 K ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0895-0172 J9 J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N JI J. Neuropsychiatr. Clin. Neurosci. PD SUM PY 1991 VL 3 IS 3 BP 286 EP 298 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA GC876 UT WOS:A1991GC87600006 PM 1821245 ER PT J AU STIBOLT, TB VOLLMER, WM MCCAMANT, LE JOHNSON, LR BERNSTEIN, RS BUIST, AS AF STIBOLT, TB VOLLMER, WM MCCAMANT, LE JOHNSON, LR BERNSTEIN, RS BUIST, AS TI PULMONARY HEALTH RISKS AMONG NORTHWEST LOGGERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS; VOLCANIC ASH; ST-HELENS; VIBRATION; HAZARDS AB Spirometry, respiratory symptom questionnaires, and chest radiographs were obtained from 688 loggers in Oregon and Washington. These were compared against previously published National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health studies of nonexposed blue-collar workers to determine if these predictions fit our population. The loggers forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity values were significantly greater than predicted, and their forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity values were less than predicted. The only consistent difference in symptoms between the sample and reference populations was for recent chest illnesses, which were more prevalent in the loggers than in the reference population. The chest radiographs showed a small excess of pleural thickening that we believe is most likely due to chest trauma. We conclude that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health studies spirometry prediction equations may not be generalized to other blue-collar populations. C1 OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,DEPT MED & PHYSIOL,MAIL CODE L334A,3181 SW SAM JACKSON PK RD,PORTLAND,OR 97201. KAISER PERMANENTE,CTR HLTH RES,PORTLAND,OR. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-24918]; PHS HHS [U35-CCU000367] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 33 IS 6 BP 699 EP 704 DI 10.1097/00043764-199106000-00010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FQ938 UT WOS:A1991FQ93800006 PM 1865250 ER PT J AU YAKES, B KELSEY, KT SEITZ, T HASHIMOTO, D FELDMAN, HA CHRISTIANI, DC AF YAKES, B KELSEY, KT SEITZ, T HASHIMOTO, D FELDMAN, HA CHRISTIANI, DC TI OCCUPATIONAL SKIN-DISEASE IN NEWSPAPER PRESSROOM WORKERS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; PRINTING INDUSTRY AB Studies of printing industry tradespeople have reported an increased problem of dermatologic abnormalities, including contact dermatitis and dermatitis attributed to solvent exposure. The current cross-sectional health survey of dermatological conditions were conducted in a follow-up of perceived skin abnormalities among newspaper pressroom workers. We surveyed 215 pressroom workers and 34 compositors at a large northeastern US newspaper printing facility. Our findings indicate that printing pressroom workers reported skin condition symptoms at a significantly higher rate than did the compositor referent group. Pressroom workers also were found to be at a significantly elevated risk of developing dermatitis after self-reported exposure to certain commonly used solvents. This emphasizes the need for proper work practices, product substitution where possible, and appropriate protective glove use by newspaper pressroom workers. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,RADIOBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS RESP HOSP,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,S BRAINTREE,MA 02184. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,RESP BIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. RI Kelsey, Karl/I-1252-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES-00002, 5 T32 ESO7069] NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 33 IS 6 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1097/00043764-199106000-00012 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FQ938 UT WOS:A1991FQ93800008 PM 1830898 ER PT J AU HERTZMAN, PA FALK, H KILBOURNE, EM PAGE, S SHULMAN, LE AF HERTZMAN, PA FALK, H KILBOURNE, EM PAGE, S SHULMAN, LE TI THE EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - THE LOS-ALAMOS CONFERENCE SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE EOSINOPHILIA; EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA SYNDROME; EOSINOPHILIC FASCIITIS ID L-TRYPTOPHAN INGESTION; ASSOCIATION; FASCIITIS; FEATURES; DISEASE; ILLNESS AB On June 12 and 13, 1990 the Los Alamos National Laboratory in cooperation with the New Mexico Department of Health and Environment, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) hosted a conference on the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Fifty presentations covered a variety of important issues which are summarized herein. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. NIAMSD,BETHESDA,MD. RP HERTZMAN, PA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS MED CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 33 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO ON M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 6 BP 867 EP 873 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA FU454 UT WOS:A1991FU45400016 PM 1680191 ER PT J AU LODMELL, DL SUMNER, JW ESPOSITO, JJ BELLINI, WJ EWALT, LC AF LODMELL, DL SUMNER, JW ESPOSITO, JJ BELLINI, WJ EWALT, LC TI RACCOON POXVIRUS RECOMBINANTS EXPRESSING THE RABIES VIRUS NUCLEOPROTEIN PROTECT MICE AGAINST LETHAL RABIES VIRUS-INFECTION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINIA VIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; CELLS; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN; HEMAGGLUTININ; VACCINATION; MECHANISMS; ANTIGENS; IMMUNITY AB Raccoon poxvirus (RCN) recombinants expressing the rabies virus internal structural nucleoprotein (RCN-N) protected A/WySnJ mice against a lethal challenge with street rabies virus (SRV). Maximum survival was achieved following vaccination by tail scratch and footpad (FP) SRV challenge. RCN-N-vaccinated mice inoculated in the FP with SRV were resistant to infection for at least 54 weeks postvaccination. Protection was also elicited by RCN recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (RCN-G). Vaccination with RCN-G evoked rabies virus neutralizing antibody. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody was not detected in RCN-N-vaccinated mice prior to or following SRV infection. Radioimmunoprecipitation assays showed that sera from RCN-N-vaccinated mice which survived SRV infection did not contain antibody to SRV structural protein G, M, or NS. The mechanism(s) of N-induced resistance appears to correlate with the failure of peripherally inoculated SRV to enter the central nervous system (CNS). Support for this correlation with resistance was documented by the observations that SRV-inoculated RCN-N-vaccinated mice did not develop clinical signs of CNS rabies virus infection, infectious SRV was not detected in the spinal cord or brain following FP challenge, and all RCN-N-vaccinated mice died following direct intracranial infection of the CNS with SRV. These results suggest that factors other than anti-G neutralizing antibody are important in resistance to rabies virus and that the N protein should be considered for incorporation with the G protein in recombinant vaccines. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LODMELL, DL (reprint author), NIAID,ROCKY MT LABS,PERSISTENT VIRAL DIS LAB,HAMILTON,MT 59840, USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 65 IS 6 BP 3400 EP 3405 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA FM165 UT WOS:A1991FM16500080 PM 2033678 ER PT J AU PLIKAYTIS, BB EISENACH, KD CRAWFORD, JT SHINNICK, TM AF PLIKAYTIS, BB EISENACH, KD CRAWFORD, JT SHINNICK, TM TI DIFFERENTIATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AND MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS BCG BY A POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE MYCOBACTERIA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REPETITIVE DNA ID AMPLIFICATION; COMPLEX; PROBES C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MCCLELLAN MEM VET HOSP,MED RES SERV,LITTLE ROCK,AR 72205. NR 8 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 1991 VL 5 IS 3 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1016/0890-8508(91)90043-J PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA FR126 UT WOS:A1991FR12600003 PM 1908051 ER PT J AU MCKENDALL, RR OAS, J LAIRMORE, MD AF MCKENDALL, RR OAS, J LAIRMORE, MD TI HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED MYELOPATHY ENDEMIC IN TEXAS-BORN RESIDENTS AND ISOLATION OF VIRUS FROM CSF CELLS SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA VIRUS; CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE MYELOPATHY; SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; UNITED-STATES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; CORE PROTEIN; BLOOD; DNA; AMPLIFICATION AB We report three Texas-born patients with spastic paraparesis and well-documented infection with HTLV-I. CSF examination showed moderate pleocytosis, protein elevation, and elevated IgG index. Oligoclonal bands were present in two patients. On MRI, one patient had frontal lobe lesions that were low intensity on T1- and high intensity on T2-weighted images. HTLV-I immunoblot studies of serum and CSF revealed reactivity to p19, p24, p53, gp46, or gp68 from all three patients. Titration studies of serum and CSF antibodies on ELISA and immunoblot assays indicated an intrathecal virus-specific response. HTLV-I-specific p19 antigen capture assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated HTLV-I in lymphocyte cultures derived from each patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CSF cells. Using HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-specific pol and gag primers, PCR studies of PBMC cells obtained directly from the patients demonstrated that the patients were infected with HTLV-I and not HTLV-II. These three cases are to our knowledge the only US cases in whom virus isolation from the CSF has been accomplished. Importantly, two patients may be the first US cases of myelopathy arising from endemic infection. C1 UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT MICROBIOL,GALVESTON,TX 77550. CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,CLIN BIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP MCKENDALL, RR (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,MED BRANCH,DEPT NEUROL E39,GALVESTON,TX 77550, USA. RI Oas, John/E-3772-2011 NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 41 IS 6 BP 831 EP 836 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FR075 UT WOS:A1991FR07500019 PM 2046926 ER PT J AU CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW OXTOBY, MJ KILBOURNE, BW AF CHU, SY BUEHLER, JW OXTOBY, MJ KILBOURNE, BW TI IMPACT OF THE HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS EPIDEMIC ON MORTALITY IN CHILDREN, UNITED-STATES SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MORTALITY; ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ID INTRAVENOUS DRUG-USERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; INFECTION; AIDS AB To assess the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on mortality in US children younger than 15 years of age and to identify associated causes of death, the authors examined final national mortality statistics for 1988, the most recent year for which such data are available. In 1988, there were 249 deaths attributed to HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children younger than 15 years of age. Associated causes of death listed most frequently on 270 death certificates with any mention of HIV/AIDS included conditions within the AIDS surveillance case definition (30%), pneumonia (excluding Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) (17%), septicemia (10%), and noninfectious respiratory diseases (8%). The impact of HIV/ AIDS as a cause of death was most striking in the 1-through 4-year-old age group and in black and Hispanic children, particularly in the Northeast. By 1988 in New York State, HIV/AIDS was the first and second leading cause of death in Hispanic and black children 1 through 4 years of age, accounting for 15% and 16%, respectively, of all deaths in these age-race groups. With an estimated 1500 to 2000 HIV-infected children born in 1989, the impact of HIV on mortality in children will become more severe. RP CHU, SY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,MAILSTOP E-47,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 1991 VL 87 IS 6 BP 806 EP 810 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FP364 UT WOS:A1991FP36400002 PM 2034483 ER PT J AU KAJIGAYA, S FUJII, H FIELD, A ANDERSON, S ROSENFELD, S ANDERSON, LJ SHIMADA, T YOUNG, NS AF KAJIGAYA, S FUJII, H FIELD, A ANDERSON, S ROSENFELD, S ANDERSON, LJ SHIMADA, T YOUNG, NS TI SELF-ASSEMBLED B19 PARVOVIRUS CAPSIDS, PRODUCED IN A BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM, ARE ANTIGENICALLY AND IMMUNOGENICALLY SIMILAR TO NATIVE VIRIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE 5TH DISEASE; TRANSIENT APLASTIC CRISIS; VACCINE; ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY ID HUMAN-BONE MARROW; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; CELLS-INVITRO; MINUTE VIRUS; REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; MICE AB B19 parvovirus is pathogenic in humans, causing fifth disease, transient aplastic crisis, some cases of hydrops fetalis, and acquired pure red cell aplasia. Efforts to develop serologic assays and vaccine development have been hampered by the virus's extreme tropism for human bone marrow and the absence of a convenient culture system. We constructed recombinants containing either the major (VP2) or minor (VP1) structural proteins of B19 in a baculovirus-based plasmid, from which the polyhedrin gene had been deleted; these recombinant plasmids were used to generate recombinant infectious baculovirus. Subsequent infection of insect cells in vitro resulted in high-level expression of either B19 VP1 or VP2. Parvovirus capsids were obtained by self-assembly in cell cultures coinfected with either VP1- and VP2-containing baculoviruses or, surprisingly, VP2-containing baculoviruses alone. Empty B19 capsids composed of VP1 and VP2 could replace serum virus as a source of antigen in a conventional immunoassay for detection of either IgG or IgM antiparvovirus antibodies in human serum. Immunization of rabbits with capsids composed of VP1 and VP2 resulted in production of antisera that recognized serum parvovirus on immunoblot and neutralized parvovirus infectivity for human erythroid progenitor cells. Baculovirus-derived parvovirus antigen can substitute for scarce viral antigen in immunoassays and should be suitable as a human vaccine. C1 CENT PUBL HLTH LAB,VIRUS REFERENCE LAB,LONDON NW9 5HT,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,RESP & ENTEROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KAJIGAYA, S (reprint author), NHLBI,CLIN HEMATOL BRANCH,CELL BIOL SECT,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 27 TC 170 Z9 176 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 88 IS 11 BP 4646 EP 4650 DI 10.1073/pnas.88.11.4646 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA FP087 UT WOS:A1991FP08700018 PM 1711206 ER PT J AU NELSON, BK CONOVER, DL BRIGHTWELL, WS SHAW, PB WERREN, D EDWARDS, RM LARY, JM AF NELSON, BK CONOVER, DL BRIGHTWELL, WS SHAW, PB WERREN, D EDWARDS, RM LARY, JM TI MARKED INCREASE IN THE TERATOGENICITY OF THE COMBINED ADMINISTRATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL SOLVENT 2-METHOXYETHANOL AND RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION IN RATS SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; CD-1 MICE; HYPERTHERMIA; EXPOSURE; MHZ; TEMPERATURE; HAMSTERS; SEALERS; DEFECTS; PH AB Limited published animal research reports synergistic teratogenic effects following combined hyperthermia (induced by elevated ambient temperature) and administration of chemical teratogens. Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is widely used in occupational environments. Since RF radiation also elevates the body temperature of, and is teratogenic to, exposed animals, concurrent RF radiation and chemical agent administration may enhance teratogenicity. The present exploratory study, consisting of preliminary dose-finding studies and the primary study, was designed to investigate whether concurrent exposure of rats to RF radiation and the industrial solvent 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) can enhance the developmental toxicity of either agent acting alone. Preliminary dose-finding studies using small numbers of rats investigated the ability of various RF radiation conditions and doses of 2ME to produce external malformations (primarily of the paws) when administered on gestation day 13. Based on these preliminary studies, RF radiation exposure [sufficient to elevate rectal temperature to 42.0-degrees-C (4-degrees-C above normal for rats) for 30 min] and 2ME administration (150 mg/kg) were selected for the primary study. In the primary study, groups of 18 to 27 pregnant rats were administered RF radiation exposure and distilled water gavage, 2ME gavage and sham RF exposure, RF radiation exposure and 2ME gavage concurrently, or sham RF exposure and distilled water gavage. Pregnant rats were sacrificed on gestation day 20, and the offspring were examined for external malformations. Combined exposures enhanced the adverse effects produced by either experimental agent alone (no malformations were detected in the double sham group). Mean fetal malformations/litter increased from 14% after 2ME and sham RF (15/26 litters affected, with an average of 2 fetuses/litter malformed) and 30% after RF radiation and water gavage (10/18 litters affected, with an average of 4 fetuses/litter malformed), to 76% after the combined treatment (18/18 litters affected, with an average of 12 fetuses/litter malformed). In addition to a significant increase in the frequency of malformations, the severity of malformations also was enhanced by the combination treatment (on a relative severity ranking scale, the 2ME severity score was less than 1, the RF score was 3, and the combination score was 6). This study provided evidence of synergism between RF radiation and 2ME administration, but additional research will be required to characterize the extent of synergism between these two agents. Potential interactive effects between chemical and physical agents need to be investigated to determine the extent to which such interactions should impact occupational exposure standards. RP NELSON, BK (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 47 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD JUN PY 1991 VL 43 IS 6 BP 621 EP 634 DI 10.1002/tera.1420430618 PG 14 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA FN621 UT WOS:A1991FN62100017 PM 1882353 ER PT J AU ALLERBERGER, F ROBERTS, G DIERICH, MP WILSON, M SCHANTZ, PM AUER, H ASPOCK, H AF ALLERBERGER, F ROBERTS, G DIERICH, MP WILSON, M SCHANTZ, PM AUER, H ASPOCK, H TI SERODIAGNOSIS OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS - EVALUATION OF 2 REFERENCE LABORATORIES SO TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Two reference laboratories (CDC, Atlanta, and Institute of Hygiene, Vienna) were evaluated for their ability to diagnose echinococcosis from single serum-specimens by serological assays. Out of 18 specimens, both laboratories correctly identified the 12 sera from patients with echinococcosis. Each laboratory was able to give the species diagnosis for 11 of 12 cases. The CDC abstained from giving a final species-diagnosis for a serum from a patient with alveolar echinococcosis, the Institute of Hygiene similarly, for a case of cystic echinococcosis. Our findings reveal the considerable potential of today's serological methods for primary diagnosis of infections with Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,CLIN MICROBIOL SECT,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. UNIV INNSBRUCK,FED PUBL HLTH LAB,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV VIENNA,INST HYG,DEPT MED PARASITOL,A-1010 VIENNA,AUSTRIA. RP ALLERBERGER, F (reprint author), UNIV INNSBRUCK,INST HYG,FRITZ PREGL STR 3,A-6020 INNSBRUCK,AUSTRIA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0177-2392 J9 TROP MED PARASITOL JI Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 1991 VL 42 IS 2 BP 109 EP 111 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA FV769 UT WOS:A1991FV76900009 PM 1896766 ER PT J AU SHAFER, RW JONES, WD AF SHAFER, RW JONES, WD TI RELAPSE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME DESPITE 12 MONTHS OF ANTITUBERCULOUS THERAPY AND CONTINUATION OF ISONIAZID SO TUBERCLE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CHEMOTHERAPY; KETOCONAZOLE AB A 33-year-old man with AIDS and pleuro-pulmonary tuberculosis was treated with a combination of antituberculous medications for 12 months and with continuation of isoniazid. A total of 2 months after completing combination therapy the patient developed fever, malaise, and anorexia. Mycobacterial blood cultures grew M. tuberculosis and the patient improved with the readministration of rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Phage typing of the patient's isolates of M. tuberculosis confirmed that he had experienced a relapse and not a reinfection. The patient had received 5 months of his treatment while hospitalised. We believe he was compliant with therapy outside the hospital because he attended all of his clinic appointments. Follow-up studies of HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis are therefore needed. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SHAFER, RW (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND EH1 3AF SN 0041-3879 J9 TUBERCLE PD JUN PY 1991 VL 72 IS 2 BP 149 EP 151 DI 10.1016/0041-3879(91)90043-R PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA FR580 UT WOS:A1991FR58000011 PM 1949219 ER PT J AU WILSON, KH ANDERSON, B AF WILSON, KH ANDERSON, B TI THE AGENT OF BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WILSON, KH (reprint author), DUKE UNIV,MED CTR,DURHAM,NC 27710, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 23 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 21 BP 1512 EP 1512 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FM460 UT WOS:A1991FM46000020 ER PT J AU LAWSON, HW BRAUN, MM GLASS, RIM STINE, SE MONROE, SS ATRASH, HK LEE, LE ENGLENDER, SJ AF LAWSON, HW BRAUN, MM GLASS, RIM STINE, SE MONROE, SS ATRASH, HK LEE, LE ENGLENDER, SJ TI WATERBORNE OUTBREAK OF NORWALK VIRUS GASTROENTERITIS AT A SOUTHWEST UNITED-STATES RESORT - ROLE OF GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS IN CONTAMINATION OF WELL WATER SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS AB From April 17 to May 1, 1989, gastroenteritis developed in about 900 people during a visit to a new resort in Arizona, USA. Of 240 guests surveyed, 110 had a gastrointestinal illness that was significantly associated with the drinking of tap water from the resort's well (relative risk = 16.1, 95% confidence interval 14.5 to 17.8) and this risk increased significantly with the number of glasses of water consumed (p < 0.005). Three of seven paired sera tested for antibodies to the Norwalk agent had a four-fold or greater rise in titre. Water contaminated with faecal coliforms was traced back to the deep water well, which remained contaminated even after prolonged pumping. Effluent from the resort's sewage treatment facility seeped through fractures in the subsurface rock (with little filtration) directly into the resort's deep well. Although the latest technology was used to design the resort's water and sewage treatment plants, the region's unique geological conditions posed unexpected problems that may trouble developers faced with similar subsurface geological formations and arid climatic conditions in many parts of the world. In these areas, novel solutions are needed to provide adequate facilities for the treatment of sewage and supply of pure drinking water. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ARIZONA DEPT HLTH SERV,PHOENIX,AZ 85007. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 13 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 18 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8751 BP 1200 EP 1204 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FM261 UT WOS:A1991FM26100012 PM 1673747 ER PT J AU STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L GREIFE, A HALPERIN, W HAYES, R HORNUNG, R NOWLIN, S AF STEENLAND, K STAYNER, L GREIFE, A HALPERIN, W HAYES, R HORNUNG, R NOWLIN, S TI MORTALITY AMONG WORKERS EXPOSED TO ETHYLENE-OXIDE SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; COHORT; CANCER AB Background. Ethylene oxide is a sterilant gas that causes leukemia and other cancers in animals. Studies in Sweden have shown an excess of leukemia and stomach cancer in humans exposed to ethylene oxide, but other studies have generally failed to confirm these findings. Methods. We conducted a study of mortality in 18,254 U.S. workers exposed to ethylene oxide at 14 plants producing sterilized medical supplies and spices. The subjects averaged 4.9 years of exposure to the gas and 16 years of follow-up. The exposure levels in recent years averaged 4.3 ppm (eight-hour time-weighted adjusted exposure) for sterilizer operators and 2.0 ppm for other workers. The levels in earlier years are likely to have been several times higher. Mortality in this cohort was compared with that in the general U.S. population. Results. Overall there was no significant increase in mortality from any cause in the study cohort. The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were 0.97 for leukemia (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 1.67; 13 deaths observed), 1.06 for all hematopoietic cancers (95 percent confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.47; 36 deaths), and 0.94 for stomach cancer (95 percent confidence interval, 0.45 to 1.70; 11 deaths). Analyses according to job category and according to the duration of exposure showed no excess in cancers, as compared with the rate in the general population, but there was a significant trend toward increased mortality with increasing lengths of time since the first exposure for all hematopoietic cancers. The rate of death from hematopoietic cancer (especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) was significantly increased among men (SMR, 1.55; 27 deaths). Mortality from leukemia in recent years (1985 through 1987) was significantly increased among men (SMR, 3.45; 5 deaths). Conclusions. For the entire cohort, there was no increase in mortality from hematopoietic cancer. There was a slight but significant increase among men, however. Among men and women combined, there was a trend toward an increased risk of death from hematopoietic cancer with increasing lengths of time since the first exposure to ethylene oxide. C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP STEENLAND, K (reprint author), NIOSH,R-13,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 32 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 4 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 16 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 20 BP 1402 EP 1407 DI 10.1056/NEJM199105163242004 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FL125 UT WOS:A1991FL12500004 PM 2020295 ER PT J AU HORSBURGH, CR AF HORSBURGH, CR TI CURRENT CONCEPTS - MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX INFECTION IN THE ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; AIDS PATIENTS; INTRACELLULARE BACTEREMIA; INVITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; ETHAMBUTOL; THERAPY; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 EMORY UNIV,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. GRADY MEM HOSP,ATLANTA,GA 30303. RP HORSBURGH, CR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-45,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 72 TC 723 Z9 730 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 9 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 19 BP 1332 EP 1338 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FK186 UT WOS:A1991FK18600006 PM 2017230 ER PT J AU GOODMAN, RA SOLOMON, SL AF GOODMAN, RA SOLOMON, SL TI TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS-DISEASES IN OUTPATIENT HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-B; EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; LARGE OUTBREAK; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; MEDICAL SETTINGS; DENTAL PRACTICE; ORAL SURGEON; OFFICE; MEASLES; PREVENTION AB Increased provision of health care in outpatient settings and concerns about occupational transmission of infections have focused attention on the risk of transmission of infectious diseases in ambulatory health care settings. In contrast to inpatient nosocomial infections, infections transmitted in outpatient settings are neither systematically monitored nor likely to be detected by routine qi surveillance. To better define the spectrum of such events, we reviewed the literature to identify cases and clusters of infections associated with outpatient health care. In this review, we identified and epidemiologically characterized 53 such reports that occurred from 1961 through 1990. Transmission occurred in general medical offices, clinics, and emergency departments (23); ophthalmologists' offices and clinics (11); dental offices (13); and alternative-care settings (six). Our findings suggest that inpatient infection-control practices should be extended to outpatient health care settings by assigning specific responsibility for infection control and by adapting surveillance methods and prevention measures. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP GOODMAN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 64 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 8 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 18 BP 2377 EP 2381 DI 10.1001/jama.265.18.2377 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FJ955 UT WOS:A1991FJ95500034 PM 2016835 ER PT J AU WACHSMUTH, IK BOPP, CA FIELDS, PI CARRILLO, C AF WACHSMUTH, IK BOPP, CA FIELDS, PI CARRILLO, C TI DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOXIGENIC VIBRIO-CHOLERAE-O1 FROM SOUTH-AMERICA AND UNITED-STATES GULF-COAST SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE C1 MINIST HLTH,NATL INST HLTH,LIMA,PERU. RP WACHSMUTH, IK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 4 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8749 BP 1097 EP 1098 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FK204 UT WOS:A1991FK20400042 PM 1673518 ER PT J AU BURSE, VW KORVER, MP MCCLURE, PC HOLLER, JS FAST, DM HEAD, SL MILLER, DT BUCKLEY, DJ NASSIF, J TIMPERI, RJ AF BURSE, VW KORVER, MP MCCLURE, PC HOLLER, JS FAST, DM HEAD, SL MILLER, DT BUCKLEY, DJ NASSIF, J TIMPERI, RJ TI PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERFERENCES IN THE ANALYSIS OF SERUM FOR POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB During a recent survey to determine serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) among people living around New Bedford, MA, U.S.A., an unidentified contaminant precluded the quantification of some early eluting Webb and McCall peaks. Loss of data is estimated to have reduced reported serum levels by 12%. Efforts to identify the contaminant by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector, a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector, and mass spectrometer were not successful. Researchers ascertained, however, that the contaminant is not a PCB, it does not contain halogens, but it may contain phthalates. Vacutainer tubes and closures for serum storage bottles are suspected sources of contamination. C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT PUBL HLTH,STATE LAB INST,CTR LABS & COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BOSTON,MA 02138. RP BURSE, VW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD MAY 3 PY 1991 VL 566 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80116-T PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FL970 UT WOS:A1991FL97000012 PM 1909340 ER PT J AU LAL, RB AF LAL, RB TI STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY OF ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN OF HTLV-I AND C-TERMINAL REGION OF V-ERBB AND EGF RECEPTOR SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Letter ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; SEQUENCE; HOMOLOGY; GENE RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUSES DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5 BP 423 EP 424 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.423 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FT600 UT WOS:A1991FT60000001 PM 1678616 ER PT J AU MELENDEZGUERRERO, LM NICHOLSON, JKA MCDOUGAL, JS AF MELENDEZGUERRERO, LM NICHOLSON, JKA MCDOUGAL, JS TI INFECTION OF HUMAN MONOCYTES WITH HIV-1BA-L - EFFECT ON ACCESSORY CELL-FUNCTION FOR T-CELL PROLIFERATION INVITRO SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS-RELATED LYMPHADENOPATHY; FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; HUMAN RETROVIRUS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HTLV-III/LAV; MACROPHAGES; INTERLEUKIN-1; ANTIGEN AB Major laboratory manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) include altered levels of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes and decreased in vitro T-cell mitogenic responses. Since T-cell proliferation is regulated by monocytes (M-phi), studies were undertaken to determine whether defective M-phi function contributes to these poor mitogenic responses. M-phi were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of normal donors by adherence to plastic. After 5 days in culture, the adherent cells were inoculated with the HIV-1 M-phi-tropic strain, Ba-L. Under these conditions HIV infection in M-phi can be detected 5-7 days after inoculation. Ten to fourteen days postinoculation, the adherent cells were harvested with lidocaine and cocultured with fresh autologous T cells and T-cell mitogens in 3-day assay. We found decreased proliferative anti-CD3 responses to Leu4 and OKT3 and variable responses to concanavalin A (Con A) by T cells cultured with HIV-infected monocytes compared with T cells cultured with uninfected M-phi. Supernatants from HIV-infected M-phi cultures decreased proliferative responses of normal PBMC to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. Heat-activated supernatants had the same effect. Inhibitors of HIV binding did not restore proliferative responses of HIV-infected cultures to normal levels. These results indicate that HIV infection of M-phi causes the release of soluble factor(s) that suppress anti-CD3-induced T-cell proliferative responses. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,1-1202 A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [IF34 GM10784-01] NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 7 IS 5 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1089/aid.1991.7.465 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FT600 UT WOS:A1991FT60000007 PM 1873081 ER PT J AU HINMAN, AR AF HINMAN, AR TI WHAT WILL IT TAKE TO FULLY PROTECT ALL AMERICAN CHILDREN WITH VACCINES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DISEASES OF CHILDREN LA English DT Article AB Although 95% of children have had a full course of vaccines by the time they enter school, immunization levels among poor inner-city preschoolers may be substantially lower. Among the factors responsible for the disparity are the lack of a uniform data system to identify children who need vaccine; missed opportunities to offer immunizations; overinterpretation of contraindications; and administrative barriers to immunization. Remedies lie in a multifaceted approach: a tracking system that will prompt a reminder and then sound an alarm when an immunization is overdue; means of informing parents, probably best accomplished by an outreach worker of the same racial or ethnic background as the parent; removal of administrative barriers and increased access to services; incentives, either positive or negative, to raise the priority of immunizations; and more education for health care providers to ensure that they understand contraindications and do not miss opportunities to offer vaccines. Other possibilities are "express lane" services to immunize all children who come to a health care provider and the delivery of immunizations in child care settings and in programs such as Women, Infants, and Children, and Aid to Families With Dependent Children. RP HINMAN, AR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 16 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0002-922X J9 AM J DIS CHILD JI Am. J. Dis. Child. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 145 IS 5 BP 559 EP 562 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FJ168 UT WOS:A1991FJ16800021 PM 2042623 ER PT J AU SAFRANEK, TJ LAWRENCE, DN KURLAND, LT CULVER, DH WIEDERHOLT, WC HAYNER, NS OSTERHOLM, MT OBRIEN, P HUGHES, JM AF SAFRANEK, TJ LAWRENCE, DN KURLAND, LT CULVER, DH WIEDERHOLT, WC HAYNER, NS OSTERHOLM, MT OBRIEN, P HUGHES, JM TI REASSESSMENT OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME AND RECEIPT OF SWINE INFLUENZA VACCINE IN 1976-1977 - RESULTS OF A 2-STATE STUDY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IMMUNIZATION; INFLUENZA; POLYRADICULONEURITIS; VACCINATION; VACCINES ID UNITED-STATES AB Although the original Centers for Disease Control study of the relation between A/New Jersey/8/76 (swine flu) vaccine and Guillain-Barre syndrome (polyradiculoneuritis) demonstrated a statistical association and suggested a causal relation between the two events, controversy has persisted. To reassess this association, the authors obtained medical records of all previously reported adult patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome in Michigan and Minnesota from October 1, 1976 through January 31, 1977. To identify previously unreported hospitalized cases with onset of symptoms during this period, the authors surveyed medical care facilities. A group of expert neurologists formulated diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barre syndrome and then reviewed the clinical records in a blinded fashion. Of the 98 adult patients from the original Centers for Disease Control study eligible for consideration, three were found to have been misclassified by date of onset and were excluded. Of the remaining 95, the 28 (29%) who did not meet the diagnostic criteria were equally distributed between the vaccinated group (18 of 60, 30%) and the unvaccinated group (10 of 35, 29%). In addition to the 67 remaining cases who met the diagnostic criteria, six previously unreported cases (three of whom had been vaccinated) were found and included in this analysis. The relative risk of developing Guillain-Barre syndrome in the vaccinated population of these two states during the 6 weeks following vaccination was 7.10, comparable to the relative risk of 7.60 found in the original study. These findings suggest that there was an increased risk of developing Guillain-Barre syndrome during the 6 weeks following vaccination in adults. The excess cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome during the first 6 weeks attributed to the vaccine was 8.6 per million vaccinees in Michigan and 9.7 per million vaccinees in Minnesota. No increase in relative risk for Guillain-Barre syndrome was noted beyond 6 weeks after vaccination. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT HLTH SCI RES,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,BUR LAB & EPIDEMIOL SERV,LANSING,MI 48909. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,ACUTE DIS EPIDEMIOL SECT,LANSING,MI 48909. NR 15 TC 104 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 9 BP 940 EP 951 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FM760 UT WOS:A1991FM76000010 PM 1851395 ER PT J AU MARCUS, R FAVERO, MS BANERJEE, S SOLOMON, SL BELL, DM JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ AF MARCUS, R FAVERO, MS BANERJEE, S SOLOMON, SL BELL, DM JARVIS, WR MARTONE, WJ TI PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING LONG-TERM HEMODIALYSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HTLV-III ANTIBODIES; STAGE RENAL-FAILURE; INFECTION; MARKERS AB PURPOSE: The purpose of this voluntary multicenter study was to estimate the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the risk of nosocomial transmission of HIV in hemodialysis patients in the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In June 1986, we began collecting epidemiologic data, risk factor information, and serum for HIV antibody testing from long-term hemodialysis patients on entry into the study and 1 year later. RESULTS: Initial data and specimens were collected from 1,324 patients in 28 dialysis centers in 12 states. On entry, 26 were positive or equivocal by enzyme immunoassay; 13 of these were positive by Western blot assay (overall seroprevalence 0.98%). Seroprevalence was higher for patients tested in eight centers located in areas from which a high cumulative incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been reported (500 or more cases per 1 million persons) than for patients in other areas (10 of 387 [2.6%] versus three of 937 [0.3%]; p = 0.00048). According to their dialysis records, all 13 of the Western blot-positive patients had received transfusions. Seropositive patients were not more likely to have received a transfusion than seronegative patients (13 of 13 versus 1,038 of 1,311; p = 0.08). The confidential risk factor questionnaire was completed by 1,206 (91%) patients including nine of 13 (69%) of the seropositive patients. A question on sharing needles for injection of drugs was answered by 1,158 patients; seropositive patients were more likely to report they had shared needles than seronegative patients (five of nine versus 17 of 1,149; p = 0.0000002). After 1 year of follow-up, data were collected from 667 patients, including 254 negative patients who underwent dialysis at centers with seropositive patients. None of the previously seronegative patients seroconverted, yielding an incidence rate of 0% (upper limit of 95% confidence interval = 0.45%). No case of possible nosocomial transmission was identified. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that use of long-standing infection control precautions is effective in minimizing the risk of transmission of HIV in hemodialysis settings. RP MARCUS, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 245 WEST 17TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011 SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 90 IS 5 BP 614 EP 619 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FM106 UT WOS:A1991FM10600013 PM 1851396 ER PT J AU GOLDBERG, HI WARREN, CW OGE, LL FRIEDMAN, JS HELGERSON, SD PEPION, DD LAMERE, E AF GOLDBERG, HI WARREN, CW OGE, LL FRIEDMAN, JS HELGERSON, SD PEPION, DD LAMERE, E TI PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIORAL RISK-FACTORS IN 2 AMERICAN-INDIAN POPULATIONS IN MONTANA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Despite great improvements in recent decades, the health status of American Indians continues to lag behind that of other Americans. Continued health improvement will depend largely on changes in individual behavior. However, few data exist on health risk behaviors among American Indians. We used face-to-face interviews to estimate the prevalence of some of these behaviors among American Indians 15-49 years of age in two Montana locations: on the Blackfeet Reservation and in Great Falls. The prevalence of several important health risk behaviors was higher in these populations than in adult Montana residents in general. Tobacco use was very prevalent. Fifty percent of on-reservation women, 62% of off-reservation women, 34% of on-reservation men, and 63% of off-reservation men were smokers at the time of the survey. Thirty-three percent of reservation men used smokeless tobacco. Other risk behaviors of high prevalence included acute heavy drinking (26% to 42% of men); overweight (29% to 41% of females); sedentary lifestyle (46% to 62% of all respondents); and nonuse of seat belts (64% to 79% of all respondents). Tribal leaders and the Indian Health Service are using the survey results to reduce the prevalence of behaviors harming the health of Indian people. In addition to providing valuable information about the surveyed populations, the survey served as a pilot for subsequent surveys of other American Indian groups. RP GOLDBERG, HI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,MAILSTOP F42,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HG424 UT WOS:A1991HG42400006 PM 1931144 ER PT J AU ADAMS, MM RHODES, PH MCCARTHY, BJ AF ADAMS, MM RHODES, PH MCCARTHY, BJ TI POSTNEONATAL DEATHS FROM INFECTIONS AND INJURIES - RACE, MATERNAL RISK, AND AGE AT DEATH SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Most infants with birthweights greater-than-or-equal-to 2,500 g who survive the first 27 days of life have a reasonable opportunity to grow into healthy children. However, some of these infants succumb to two potentially preventable causes of death: infections and injuries. Although the relationship between maternal attributes and risk of death from these causes has been described, little is known about how maternal attributes relate to postneonatal age at death. To examine this relationship, we analyzed postneonatal deaths from infections and injuries among 3,116,391 white and 638,915 black neonatal survivors with birthweights greater-than-or-equal-to 2,500 g. We grouped postneonates by maternal race and risk status. Infants of mothers greater-than-or-equal-to 20 years of age who started prenatal care in the first trimester were considered low risk; all others were high risk. For each category of infection death (respiratory, central nervous system, and other bacterial-including sepsis), neither race nor maternal risk status was related to age at death. The same was true for three categories of injury death (motor vehicle, fire, and homicide), but not for injury deaths in the category of choking, drowning, or suffocation. Among blacks, these deaths occurred at younger ages, regardless of maternal risk status. Thus, efforts to prevent deaths from choking, drowning, or suffocation among blacks should focus on early infancy. RP ADAMS, MM (reprint author), NATL CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,PREGNANCY & INFANT HLTH BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 166 EP 171 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HG424 UT WOS:A1991HG42400008 PM 1931146 ER PT J AU DEAN, AG DEAN, JA BURTON, AH DICKER, RC AF DEAN, AG DEAN, JA BURTON, AH DICKER, RC TI EPI INFO - A GENERAL-PURPOSE MICROCOMPUTER PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC-HEALTH INFORMATION-SYSTEMS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Epi Info is a general-purpose set of computer programs for word processing, database management, statistics, and graphics developed over the past five years at the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. The programs allow rapid questionnaire construction, data entry, and analysis during epidemic investigation. Both data entry and analysis can be programmed to provide customization and automatic operation for more permanent systems, such as those for disease or injury surveillance. Epi Info is in the public domain and copies may be freely distributed. It requires an IBM-compatible micro-computer with at least 512 kilobytes of memory. Translations into French and Spanish are in progress; a translation kit is available to facilitate translation into other languages. RP DEAN, AG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,MAILSTOP C08,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA HG424 UT WOS:A1991HG42400010 PM 1657068 ER PT J AU DONDERO, TJ CURRAN, JW AF DONDERO, TJ CURRAN, JW TI SEROSURVEILLANCE OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHORT-TERM PROJECTIONS; SEROPREVALENCE RP DONDERO, TJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 561 EP 562 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.5.561 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FU762 UT WOS:A1991FU76200001 PM 2014853 ER PT J AU OCARROLL, PW LOFTIN, C WALLER, JB MCDOWALL, D BUKOFF, A SCOTT, RO MERCY, JA WIERSEMA, B AF OCARROLL, PW LOFTIN, C WALLER, JB MCDOWALL, D BUKOFF, A SCOTT, RO MERCY, JA WIERSEMA, B TI PREVENTING HOMICIDE - AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF A DETROIT GUN ORDINANCE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Background: In November 1986, a Detroit, Michigan city ordinance requiring mandatory jail sentences for illegally carrying a firearm in public was passed to preserve "the public peace, health, safety, and welfare of the people." Methods: We conducted a set of interrupted time-series analyses to evaluate the impact of the law on the incidence of homicides, hypothesizing that the ordinance, by its nature, would affect only firearm homicides and homicides committed outside (e.g., on the street). Results: The incidence of homicide in general increased after the law was passed, but the increases in non-firearm homicides and homicides committed inside (e.g., in a home) were either statistically significant or approached statistical significance (p = .006 and p = .070, respectively), whereas changes in the incidence of firearm homicides and homicides committed outside were not statistically significant (p = .238 and p = .418, respectively). We also determined that the ordinance was essentially unenforced, apparently because of a critical shortage of jail space. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with a model in which the ordinance had a dampening effect on firearm homicides occurring in public in Detroit. The apparent preventive effect evident in the time series analyses may have been due to publicity about the ordinance, whereas the small nature of the effect may have been due to the lack of enforcement. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT COMMUNITY MED,CTR PREVENT & CONTROL INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE,DETROIT,MI 48201. UNIV MARYLAND,INST CRIMINAL JUSTICE & CRIMINOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. SUNY ALBANY,SCH CRIMINAL JUSTICE,ALBANY,NY 12222. RP OCARROLL, PW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Wiersema, Brian/E-5305-2012 OI Wiersema, Brian/0000-0003-4026-7888 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 576 EP 581 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.5.576 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FU762 UT WOS:A1991FU76200006 PM 2014857 ER PT J AU FEHRS, LJ HILL, D KERNDT, PR ROSE, TP HENNEMAN, C AF FEHRS, LJ HILL, D KERNDT, PR ROSE, TP HENNEMAN, C TI TARGETED HIV SCREENING AT A LOS-ANGELES PRENATAL FAMILY-PLANNING HEALTH-CENTER SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; HEPATITIS-B; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; NEWBORNS; FAILURE; CARE AB In 1988, the Los Angeles County Health Department conducted a blinded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence study at a public prenatal (PN) and family planning (FP) center serving mostly Hispanic women in order to determine seroprevalence and to evaluate the center's targeted HIV screening program. Four women (0.13 percent) tested positive (3/1801 PN and 1/1167 FP). Three reported no risk factors; one reported a history of syphilis since 1978. Voluntary HIV testing was selectively offered to women who reported risk factors for HIV infection. Only 14 percent (96/685) of clients offered testing chose to do it: 28 percent (14/50) of clients classified as being at highest risk of infection, and 27 percent (16/59) of women who judged themselves to have some chance of being exposed to HIV. None of the four women who tested positive by blinded testing chose testing. While few women at this center were infected with HIV, higher risk women were not persuaded to be tested through a targeted screening program. Blinded HIV seroprevalence studies provide a tool for both tracking infection in a population and evaluating screening programs. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,AIDS EPIDEMIOL OFF,LOS ANGELES,CA. LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,CTR COMPREHENS HLTH,LOS ANGELES,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP FEHRS, LJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011 NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.5.619 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FU762 UT WOS:A1991FU76200014 PM 2014863 ER PT J AU LANE, HC HOLMBERG, SD JAFFE, HW AF LANE, HC HOLMBERG, SD JAFFE, HW TI HIV SEROCONVERSION AND ORAL INTERCOURSE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; MEN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LANE, HC (reprint author), NIAID,BLDG 10,ROOM 11B09,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 5 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 1991 VL 81 IS 5 BP 658 EP 658 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.5.658 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FU762 UT WOS:A1991FU76200027 PM 2014875 ER PT J AU CALI, A MEISLER, DM RUTHERFORD, I LOWDER, CY MCMAHON, JT LONGWORTH, DL BRYAN, RT AF CALI, A MEISLER, DM RUTHERFORD, I LOWDER, CY MCMAHON, JT LONGWORTH, DL BRYAN, RT TI CORNEAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH AIDS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that are becoming increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in patients with AIDS. They have been associated with enteritis, hepatitis, and peritonitis and recently keratoconjunctivitis. Gram stain demonstrates the presence of these organisms on light microscopic sections. The specific diagnostic features that distinguish microsporidia from other small nonspore-forming organisms are best demonstrated by electron microscopy, which is also used to characterize the members of Microsporea. In this study, salient histopathologic features of microsporidia in corneal epithelium obtained from an HIV-seropositive individual who developed AIDS are illustrated and discussed. C1 CLEVELAND CLIN EDUC FDN,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP CALI, A (reprint author), RUTGERS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,101 WARREN ST,NEWARK,NJ 07102, USA. NR 8 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA FW270 UT WOS:A1991FW27000001 PM 2063949 ER PT J AU BAIRD, JK BASRI, H PURNOMO BANGS, MJ SUBIANTO, B PATCHEN, LC HOFFMAN, SL AF BAIRD, JK BASRI, H PURNOMO BANGS, MJ SUBIANTO, B PATCHEN, LC HOFFMAN, SL TI RESISTANCE TO CHLOROQUINE BY PLASMODIUM-VIVAX IN IRIAN-JAYA, INDONESIA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM AB Evidence of emerging resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium vivax is described from Irian Jaya (Indonesian New Guinea). Sixteen of 24 residents in the village of Arso PIR II taking supervised weekly chloroquine prophylaxis (5 mg base/kg) had asexual parasitemia with P. vivax at least once during eight weeks of surveillance. An American working in the same village developed symptomatic P. vivax parasitemia despite chloroquine prophylaxis. Five days after therapy with 600 mg chloroquine base, the asexual parasitemia in the American increased 40-fold, but cleared after treatment with 1, 500 mg chloroquine base. Serum samples were not available from many of the cases, but six local residents and the American had serum levels of chloroquine in excess of the ordinarily suppressive 15 ng/ml at the time of their asexual parasitemias (16-70 ng/ml). The weekly 300 mg base tablet of chloroquine, which has been the standard for prophylaxis against malaria for more than 40 years, was not effective against P. vivax in Arso PIR, Irian Jaya. C1 USN,MED RES UNIT 2,JAKARTA DETACHMENT,JAKARTA,INDONESIA. DINAS KESEHATAN DATA I PROPINSI IRIAN JAYA,IRIAN JAYA,INDONESIA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USN,MED RES INST,BETHESDA,MD 20814. NR 15 TC 170 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 44 IS 5 BP 547 EP 552 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA FW270 UT WOS:A1991FW27000012 PM 1676566 ER PT J AU CONNOR, SP LIVENGOOD, JR AF CONNOR, SP LIVENGOOD, JR TI ACADEMIC CENTERS FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH - MAKING PREVENTION A PRACTICAL REALITY SO AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST LA English DT Article RP CONNOR, SP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT K41,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0003-066X J9 AM PSYCHOL JI Am. Psychol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 46 IS 5 BP 525 EP 527 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA FJ983 UT WOS:A1991FJ98300007 PM 1952414 ER PT J AU WING, JS SANDERSON, LM BRENDER, JD PERROTTA, DM BEAUCHAMP, RA AF WING, JS SANDERSON, LM BRENDER, JD PERROTTA, DM BEAUCHAMP, RA TI ACUTE HEALTH-EFFECTS IN A COMMUNITY AFTER A RELEASE OF HYDROFLUORIC-ACID SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE AB Approximately 3 000 persons were evacuated from a Texas community after 24 036 kg (53 000 Ib) of caustic hydrofluoric acid (HF) were released from a nearby petrochemical plant. Emergency room and hospital records of 939 persons who were seen at two area hospitals were reviewed. Most persons who presented at the emergency rooms were female (56%) or black (60%), and their mean age was 33.9 y. The most frequently reported symptoms were eye irritation (41.5%), burning throat (21%), headache (20.6%), and shortness of breath (19.4%). Physical examination results were normal for 49% of the cases; however, irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, skin, and lungs were noted on other exams. Decreased pulmonary function was demonstrated by pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in the first second, < 80% of predicted value, 42.3%); hypoxemia (pO2 < 80 mm Hg, 17.4%) and hypocalcemia (< 8.5 mg/dl, 16.3%) were also also noted. Ninety-four (10%) of the cases were hospitalized, and more than 83% of all cases were discharged with a primary diagnosis of "HF exposure." There are several reports of individuals who are acutely and chronically exposed to HF; however, we are unaware of other published reports that describe exposure of a community to HF. This incident represented a unique opportunity to study the immediate health impact on a community of residents who were exposed to a hazardous materials release. Results of this analysis suggest that (a) initial health problems should be followed up, (b) any long-term health effects of HF exposure must be assessed, and (c) the health impact on the population at risk should be determined. C1 TEXAS DEPT HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,AUSTIN,TX. RP WING, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,OFF SURVEILLANCE & ANALYS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 46 IS 3 BP 155 EP 160 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FM361 UT WOS:A1991FM36100004 PM 2039270 ER PT J AU LOMBARDO, JM KLOSER, PC PAWEL, BR TROST, RC KAPILA, R STLOUIS, ME AF LOMBARDO, JM KLOSER, PC PAWEL, BR TROST, RC KAPILA, R STLOUIS, ME TI ANONYMOUS HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND CLINICALLY DIRECTED TESTING IN A NEWARK, NJ, HOSPITAL SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SENTINEL HOSPITALS; HIV-INFECTION AB From September 1988 to August 1989, in a university hospital in Newark, NJ, 3529 serum and plasma specimens from patients with admitting conditions presumably not associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, Sentinel Hospital Surveillance System criteria) were tested anonymously for the presence of type 1 HIV (HIV-1) antibody. Of these specimens, 269 (7.6%) were confirmed HIV-1 seropositive. Overall, 10.3% of male patients and 4.8% of female patients were seropositive. Persons 25 to 44 years old had the highest HIV-1 seroprevalence-20.9% for male and 7.5% for female patients. Based on this anonymous testing, the number of HIV-infected hospitalized patients discharged in 1988 was estimated. Data on hospital-confirmed HIV-infected patients tested on the basis of clinical suspicion suggest that only 40% of HIV-infected patients were actually tested for HIV-1 infection as part of their medical care in this hospital. These data demonstrate a high prevalence of HIV infection in this patient population and suggest that hospitals serving populations with a high HIV seroprevalence offer routine screening for HIV infection as part of good medical care. C1 UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY HOSP,NEWARK,NJ. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,NEWARK,NJ 07103. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY,NEW JERSEY MED SCH,SCH MED & DENT,DEPT MED,NEWARK,NJ 07103. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Pawel, Bruce/G-5466-2011 FU PHS HHS [200-88-0674] NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 151 IS 5 BP 965 EP 968 DI 10.1001/archinte.151.5.965 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FL551 UT WOS:A1991FL55100019 PM 2025145 ER PT J AU HARRISON, LH ARMSTRONG, CW JENKINS, SR HARMON, MW AJELLO, GW MILLER, GB BROOME, CV AF HARRISON, LH ARMSTRONG, CW JENKINS, SR HARMON, MW AJELLO, GW MILLER, GB BROOME, CV TI A CLUSTER OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE ON A SCHOOL BUS FOLLOWING EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; HEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; A-VIRUS; INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA; OUTBREAK; POTENTIATION; CLASSROOM; RISK AB An outbreak of meningococcal disease among children on a school bus offered the opportunity to study a proposed association between this infection and preceding influenza infection. Five students who rode the bus became ill with invasive group C meningococcus. Transmission was limited to the bus; there was no evidence for school transmission. All five students reported influenzalike symptoms within several weeks before the development of meningococcal disease. School absenteeism, principally due to upper respiratory tract illness, was higher during the 3 weeks before the outbreak of meningococcal disease than during any period in the preceding 3 1/2 years, suggesting an unusually severe outbreak of respiratory illness. A case-control study comparing students with and without influenza symptoms revealed that the outbreak of respiratory disease was due to B/Ann Arbor/1/86 influenza (geometric mean titers, 86 for 80 patients and 33 for 47 controls [P = .0007]). These data add to the evidence suggesting that influenza respiratory infection predisposes to meningococcal disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VIRGINIA DEPT HLTH,OFF EPIDEMIOL,RICHMOND,VA. RP HARRISON, LH (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 26 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 151 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1009 DI 10.1001/archinte.151.5.1005 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FL551 UT WOS:A1991FL55100027 PM 2025124 ER PT J AU ZHOU, MX FINDLEY, HW MA, LH ZAKI, SR HILL, T HAMID, M HOOPER, WC RAGAB, AH AF ZHOU, MX FINDLEY, HW MA, LH ZAKI, SR HILL, T HAMID, M HOOPER, WC RAGAB, AH TI EFFECT OF TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA ON THE PROLIFERATION OF LEUKEMIC-CELLS FROM CHILDREN WITH B-CELL PRECURSOR-ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA (BCP-ALL) - STUDIES OF PRIMARY LEUKEMIC-CELLS AND BCP-ALL CELL-LINES SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; HUMAN INTERFERON; GROWTH; RESISTANCE; SYNERGISM C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ZHOU, MX (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV PEDIAT HEMATOL ONCOL,2040 RIDGEWOOD D NE,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA20549] NR 26 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD MAY 1 PY 1991 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2002 EP 2007 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA FJ957 UT WOS:A1991FJ95700022 PM 2018837 ER PT J AU AUERBACH, SB FALK, H AF AUERBACH, SB FALK, H TI EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME - CDC UPDATE SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP AUERBACH, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 58 IS 3 BP 215 EP 217 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FZ376 UT WOS:A1991FZ37600005 PM 1654229 ER PT J AU COOPER, GR HENDERSON, LO SMITH, SJ HANNON, WH AF COOPER, GR HENDERSON, LO SMITH, SJ HANNON, WH TI CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS AND STANDARDIZATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN MEASUREMENTS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP OF LIPID DISORDERS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; A-I; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CANDIDATE REFERENCE; LIPOPROTEINS; IMMUNOASSAYS; METHODOLOGY; COMPONENTS; DEFICIENCY; SURVIVORS RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,APOLIPOPROT WORKING GRP,MAILSTOP F20,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 37 IS 5 BP 619 EP 620 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA FL981 UT WOS:A1991FL98100001 PM 2032313 ER PT J AU MILI, F FLANDERS, WD BORING, JR ANNEST, JL DESTEFANO, F AF MILI, F FLANDERS, WD BORING, JR ANNEST, JL DESTEFANO, F TI THE ASSOCIATIONS OF RACE, CIGARETTE-SMOKING, AND SMOKING CESSATION TO MEASURES OF THE IMMUNE-SYSTEM IN MIDDLE-AGED MEN SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT POLYCLONAL LYMPHOCYTOSIS; T-CELL SUBSETS; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; ANTIBODIES; SMOKERS C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30329. RP MILI, F (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,AGENT ORANGE PROJECTS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 35 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0090-1229 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 59 IS 2 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90017-5 PG 14 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA FG162 UT WOS:A1991FG16200002 PM 2009639 ER PT J AU DOLL, LS AF DOLL, LS TI AIDS IN AN AGING SOCIETY - WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW - RILEY,MW, ORY,MG, ZABLOTSKY,D SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Book Review ID HIV INFECTION RP DOLL, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 36 IS 5 BP 396 EP 397 PG 2 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA FL145 UT WOS:A1991FL14500020 ER PT J AU KATZ, PP WIRTHLIN, MR SZPUNAR, SM SELBY, JV SEPE, SJ SHOWSTACK, JA AF KATZ, PP WIRTHLIN, MR SZPUNAR, SM SELBY, JV SEPE, SJ SHOWSTACK, JA TI EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PREVENTION OF PERIODONTAL-DISEASE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DIABETES SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DENTAL PLAQUE; ORAL HYGIENE; MELLITUS; CHLORHEXIDINE; GINGIVITIS; CHILDREN; JUVENILE; MOUTHRINSES; CHEMOTAXIS; EFFICACY AB Objective: This article reviews the epidemiological evidence of the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease, possible physiological mechanisms for the association, and effects of interventions on the occurrence and severity of periodontal disease among individuals with diabetes. Research Design and Methods: A comprehensive qualitative review of published literature in the area was performed. Results: Much of the research in this area was found to contain methodological problems, such as failing to specify the type of diabetes, small sample sizes, and inadequate control of covariates such as age or duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Trends indicate that periodontal disease is more prevalent and more severe among individuals with diabetes. This trend may be modified by factors such as oral hygiene, duration of diabetes, age, and degree of metabolic control of diabetes. Generally, poor oral hygiene, a long history of diabetes, greater age, and poor metabolic control are associated with more severe periodontal disease. The association of diabetes and periodontal disease may be due to numerous physiological phenomena found in diabetes, such as impaired resistance, vascular changes, altered oral microflora, and abnormal collagen metabolism. With some modifications, the same prevention and treatment procedures for periodontal disease recommended for the general population are appropriate for those with diabetes. People with diabetes who appear to be particularly susceptible to periodontal disease include those who do not maintain good oral hygiene or good metabolic control of their diabetes, those with diabetes of long duration or with other complications of diabetes, and teenagers and pregnant women. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH DENT,DEPT STOMATOL,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV MICHIGAN,SCH PUBL HLTH,DENT PUBL HLTH PROGRAM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. KAISER PERMANENTE MED CARE PROGRAM,DIV RES,OAKLAND,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV DIABET TRANSLAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KATZ, PP (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,1388 SUTTER ST,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94109, USA. RI Showstack, Jonathan/L-6556-2013 OI Showstack, Jonathan/0000-0002-1367-419X FU PHS HHS [282-88-0018] NR 81 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 1991 VL 14 IS 5 BP 375 EP 385 DI 10.2337/diacare.14.5.375 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA FJ605 UT WOS:A1991FJ60500004 PM 2060449 ER PT J AU MCDADE, JE AF MCDADE, JE TI DIAGNOSIS OF RICKETTSIAL DISEASES - A PERSPECTIVE SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMP ON RICKETTSIAE AND RICKETTSIAL DISEASES CY OCT 01-06, 1990 CL PIESTANY SPA, PIESTANY, CZECHOSLOVAKIA SP SLOVAK ACAD SCI, INST VIROL HO PIESTANY SPA DE DIAGNOSIS; RICKETTSIAL DISEASES; SERODIAGNOSIS; RICKETTSIOSIS AB Rickettsioses have nonspecific clinical manifestations, making them difficult to diagnose in a clinical setting. Laboratory testing is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis. Rickettsial isolation is a sensitive and specific diagnostic technique, but the hazards associated with handling pathogenic rickettsiae usually preclude isolation attempts in most laboratories. Rickettsiae can also be detected in infected tissues by fluorescein-labeled antisera or by immunoperoxidase staining, but these techniques lack sensitivity, except when applied to postmortem tissue specimens. However, rickettsial DNA can be detected in acute phase blood specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, and this technique offers the prospect of prompt diagnosis and treatment. Serologic testing remains the most frequently used approach to diagnosis, although antibody tests usually fail to identify rickettsioses early enough to affect the management of individual patients. Available serologic techniques vary considerably in their sensitivity and specificity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are extremely sensitive, but the general unavailability of specific diagnostic antigens reduces the specificity of this and other serologic techniques. Molecular characterization of rickettsial antigens may soon allow the production of peptide antigens that are specific for each species and could maximize the specificity of test results. No diagnostic technique has any value unless it is applied successfully to the appropriate patient population. Improved surveillance of rickettsial diseases is urgently needed to identify specific areas in which rickettsioses are endemic. Such surveillance data would promote awareness of rickettsioses among local physicians and increase the probability that individual patients with rickettsioses would be identified promptly and receive appropriate therapy early in the course of their illness. RP MCDADE, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-2990 J9 EUR J EPIDEMIOL JI Eur. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 7 IS 3 BP 270 EP 275 DI 10.1007/BF00145676 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FP049 UT WOS:A1991FP04900011 PM 1884778 ER PT J AU MOSHER, WD MCNALLY, JW AF MOSHER, WD MCNALLY, JW TI CONTRACEPTIVE USE AT 1ST PREMARITAL INTERCOURSE - UNITED-STATES, 1965-1988 SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID MODEL; PREGNANCY; RISK RP MOSHER, WD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL CTR HLTH STAT,FAMILY GROWTH SURVEY BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 23 IS 3 BP 108 EP 116 DI 10.2307/2135822 PG 9 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA FR509 UT WOS:A1991FR50900003 PM 1860476 ER PT J AU WILCOX, LS CHU, SY EAKER, ED ZEGER, SL PETERSON, HB AF WILCOX, LS CHU, SY EAKER, ED ZEGER, SL PETERSON, HB TI RISK-FACTORS FOR REGRET AFTER TUBAL-STERILIZATION - 5 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP IN A PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO FERTILITY AND STERILITY LA English DT Article ID WOMEN REQUESTING REVERSAL; OUTCOMES AB The Collaborative Review of Sterilization is a prospective, multicenter study that interviewed 7,590 women before they underwent tubal sterilization and then conducted yearly follow-up interviews that included questions on sterilization regret. These women contributed 26,641 observations (for up to 5 years after the procedure, 1978 to 1988) to an analysis of the presterilization characteristics most consistently associated with poststerilization regret. Young age at the time of sterilization was the strongest predictor of regret, regardless of parity or marital status; among women 20 to 24 years of age of sterilization, an average of 4.3% reported regret over the follow-up period. The rate of regret was significantly lower for women 30 to 34 years of age (2.4%). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,SURVEILLANCE BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT BIOSTAT,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. RP WILCOX, LS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI25529]; NICHD NIH HHS [Y01-HD-41075] NR 24 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE PI BIRMINGHAM PA 1209 MONTGOMERY HIGHWAY, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35216-2809 SN 0015-0282 J9 FERTIL STERIL JI Fertil. Steril. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 55 IS 5 BP 927 EP 933 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA FK281 UT WOS:A1991FK28100014 PM 2022271 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, J GLADEN, BC TURNER, TW SCHRADER, SM CHAPIN, RE AF WILLIAMS, J GLADEN, BC TURNER, TW SCHRADER, SM CHAPIN, RE TI THE EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE ON SEMEN QUALITY AND FERTILITY IN THE RABBIT - EVALUATION OF A MODEL FOR HUMAN SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WORKERS; DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE; PLASMA; BULLS; RATS C1 NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,DEV & REPROD TOXICOL GRP,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIEHS,NATL TOXICOL PROGRAM,STAT & BIOMATH BRANCH,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. NIOSH,EXPTL TOXICOL BRANCH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011; OI Chapin, Robert/0000-0002-5997-1261 FU PHS HHS [IR920859] NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 16 IS 4 BP 687 EP 700 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90155-W PG 14 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FJ691 UT WOS:A1991FJ69100006 PM 1884910 ER PT J AU FAVERO, MS AF FAVERO, MS TI STRATEGIES FOR DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION OF ENDOSCOPES - THE GAP BETWEEN BASIC PRINCIPLES AND ACTUAL PRACTICE SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP FAVERO, MS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,NOSOCOMIAL INFECT LAB BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 279 EP 281 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA FR824 UT WOS:A1991FR82400004 PM 1865098 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, RL VESS, RW CARR, JH BOND, WW PANLILIO, AL FAVERO, MS AF ANDERSON, RL VESS, RW CARR, JH BOND, WW PANLILIO, AL FAVERO, MS TI INVESTIGATIONS OF INTRINSIC PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA CONTAMINATION IN COMMERCIALLY MANUFACTURED POVIDONE-IODINE SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE RESISTANCE; POLOXAMER-IODINE; DISINFECTANTS; AERUGINOSA; SURVIVAL AB OBJECTIVE: Laboratory investigations were initiated with a povidone-iodine antiseptic solution that was intrinsically contaminated with Pseudomonas cepacia. These investigations were helpful in understanding the microbicidal and chemical properties of iodophor solutions and the mechanism by which P cepacia can survive in iodine-containing antiseptics. DESIGN: Included in these studies were: prolonged survival of P cepacia; available and free iodine determinations; microbial challenge studies; and scanning electron microscopic examination of contaminated antiseptic. RESULTS: P cepacia survived in this iodophor antiseptic up to 68 weeks from the date of manufacture. A uniform concentration of 1% available iodine was found in all lots of povidone-iodine tested as specified on the product label, but free iodine (I2) values varied greatly. Low free iodine levels of 0.23 to 0.46 ppm were associated with the contaminated lot of povidone-iodine. Solutions of povidone-iodine with varying levels of free iodine were rapidly microbicidal when challenged with cells of P cepacia derived from culture broth and washed or adapted to growth in water. P cepacia cells taken directly from contaminated povidone-iodine survived for significantly longer periods of time. Large numbers of P cepacia were found embedded in extracellular material and among strands of glycocalyx between cells as shown by scanning electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The physical thickness of cellular and extracellular material that forms on surfaces could protect embedded organisms from the microbicidal action of disinfectants and antiseptics and subsequently allow for extended microbial survival times. Manufacturers should be aware that distribution piping surfaces colonized with bacteria may be a source of product contamination and resistant organisms. RP ANDERSON, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,1600 CLIFTON RD,1-B341,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 12 IS 5 BP 297 EP 302 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA FR824 UT WOS:A1991FR82400007 PM 1865100 ER PT J AU DASILVA, EE PALLANSCH, MA HOLLOWAY, BP OLIVEIRA, MJC SCHATZMAYR, HG KEW, OM AF DASILVA, EE PALLANSCH, MA HOLLOWAY, BP OLIVEIRA, MJC SCHATZMAYR, HG KEW, OM TI OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES FOR THE SPECIFIC DETECTION OF THE WILD POLIOVIRUS TYPE-1 AND TYPE-3 ENDEMIC TO BRAZIL SO INTERVIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE POLIOVIRUS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PROBE HYBRIDIZATION ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; SYNTHETIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; DNA PROBES; VIRUS; STRAINS; ENTEROVIRUSES; OUTBREAK AB Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes, 21-23 nucleotides in length, were prepared which specifically hybridize to the genomes of the wild type 1 and 3 polioviruses currently endemic to the northeastern region of Brazil. The probes are complementary to sequences near the 5'-terminus of the VP1 gene that differ substantially among genetically distant polioviruses but are largely conserved among related isolates. The probes have been routinely used in the laboratory surveillance of poliomyelitis cases in Brazil, permitting direct, rapid identification of the indigenous wild polioviruses by dot-blot hybridization. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FUSAM,PRACA OSWALDO CRUZ,CENT SAUDE PUBL LAB,RECIFE,PE,BRAZIL. RP DASILVA, EE (reprint author), FDN OSWALDO CRUZ,DEPT VIROL,AVE BRASIL 4365,POB 926,BR-20001 RIO DE JANEIRO,BRAZIL. NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-5526 J9 INTERVIROLOGY JI Intervirology PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 32 IS 3 BP 149 EP 159 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA FD503 UT WOS:A1991FD50300004 PM 1645704 ER PT J AU VEIT, BC SCHYDLOWER, M MCINTYRE, S SIMMONS, D LAMPE, RM FEARNOW, RG STEWART, J AF VEIT, BC SCHYDLOWER, M MCINTYRE, S SIMMONS, D LAMPE, RM FEARNOW, RG STEWART, J TI SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO MEASLES REVACCINATION IN A HIGHLY IMMUNIZED MILITARY DEPENDENT ADOLESCENT POPULATION SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE ADOLESCENT; MEASLES; MILITARY; VACCINATION ID VACCINE FAILURES; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB In the spring of 1986, there was a measles outbreak in the city of El Paso, Texas, with 92 cases reported to the City-County Health Department. Of those 92 cases, 31 (32%) occurred within a public high school's student population of 2524. A mass measles vaccination program was undertaken at that high school in order to limit the outbreak. The student enrollment included a military dependent population of 368 students. Despite documented histories of prior measles immunizations in this military dependent subgroup, three individuals contracted the disease. Since this subgroup of students represented a highly immunized adolescent population, it was of interest to serologically determine their immune status prior to and following reimmunization with the expectation that such a study would provide information relating to the level of "protective" immunity. Prevaccination and postvaccination sera were obtained from 95 students. Results of measuring anti-measles antibody activity by ELISA indicate that 13(14%) students responded to revaccination and experienced a fourfold or greater rise in IgG antibody levels. There were no detectable IgM responses. All of the students who responded to revaccination produced an anamnestic response (IgG boost only). Since most of these individuals had received first immunizations at 15 months of age or older, these findings suggest that secondary vaccine failure (wanning immunity) was responsible for the putative "lowered" immunity in these individuals, instead of primary vaccine failure (maternal antibody suppression). These findings support current recommendations for measles booster revaccination of school-age children and adolescents. C1 WILLIAM BEAUMONT ARMY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,EL PASO,TX 79920. CTR DIS CONTROL,DEPT HLTH & HUMAN SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VEIT, BC (reprint author), WILLIAM BEAUMONT ARMY MED CTR,DEPT CLIN INVEST,EL PASO,TX 79920, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAY PY 1991 VL 12 IS 3 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1016/0197-0070(91)90023-F PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA FL191 UT WOS:A1991FL19100010 PM 2054370 ER PT J AU WELLS, JG SHIPMAN, LD GREENE, KD SOWERS, EG GREEN, JH CAMERON, DN DOWNES, FP MARTIN, ML GRIFFIN, PM OSTROFF, SM POTTER, ME TAUXE, RV WACHSMUTH, IK AF WELLS, JG SHIPMAN, LD GREENE, KD SOWERS, EG GREEN, JH CAMERON, DN DOWNES, FP MARTIN, ML GRIFFIN, PM OSTROFF, SM POTTER, ME TAUXE, RV WACHSMUTH, IK TI ISOLATION OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O157-H7 AND OTHER SHIGA-LIKE-TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA-COLI FROM DAIRY-CATTLE SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BUFFALO CALF DIARRHEA; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VEROTOXIN; EXTRACTION; INFECTIONS; RESERVOIR; STRAINS; CALVES AB We examined 1,266 fecal specimens from healthy cattle during the investigations of two sporadic cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with raw milk consumption and an outbreak of gastroenteritis and hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7. We collected specimens from heifers, calves, and adult cows on 22 farms, in a stockyard, and in a packing house. We also collected 3 raw hamburger specimens from a restaurant and 23 raw milk samples from two farms. All specimens were examined for E. coli O157:H7 by using sorbitol-MacConkey agar, H immobilization, O157 agglutination, and tissue culture cytotoxicity. E. coli O157:H7 was isolated from 16 heifers or calves and 1 adult cow on 22 farms, 1 stockyard calf, 2 beef specimens, and 1 raw milk sample. Selected fecal specimens were also examined for the presence of other Shiga-like-toxin-producing E. coli (SLTEC) by testing polymyxin B extracts of colony sweeps and then testing individual colonies for toxin production. SLTEC other than O157 was isolated from 8 of 10 farms investigated and from the stockyard; 8% of adult cows and 19% of heifers and calves were positive for SLTEC. Several animals were positive for SLTEC by colony sweep only. This investigation demonstrates that dairy cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 and other SLTEC. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV BIRTH DEFECTS & DEV DISABIL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USDA,VET SERV,HARRISBURG,PA 17110. MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP WELLS, JG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 29 TC 426 Z9 437 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 985 EP 989 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300026 PM 2056066 ER PT J AU PINE, L KATHARIOU, S QUINN, F GEORGE, V WENGER, JD WEAVER, RE AF PINE, L KATHARIOU, S QUINN, F GEORGE, V WENGER, JD WEAVER, RE TI CYTOPATHOGENIC EFFECTS IN ENTEROCYTE-LIKE CACO-2 CELLS DIFFERENTIATE VIRULENT FROM AVIRULENT LISTERIA STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; INTRACELLULAR GROWTH; MONOCYTOGENES; HEMOLYSIN; INFECTION; INTERFERON; IMMUNITY; FOOD AB We have developed a simple test that differentiates between virulent and avirulent Listeria species as defined by the mouse 50% lethal doses (LD50s). The assay is based on trypan blue-revealed cytopathogenic effects that are produced during the infection of the human enterocytelike cell line Caco-2. These effects were elicited only by Listeria strains that had an intraperitoneal mouse LD50 less than 10(8) and were not produced by nonhemolytic, avirulent strains of Listeria monocytogenes generated spontaneously or by Tn916 mutagenesis or by avirulent Listeria species. A negative test was also obtained with hemolysin-producing, avirulent L. monocyotogenes NCTC5105 and Listeria ivanovii KC1786. The test was negative with avirulent L. monocytogenes strains which are strong inducers of opacity in egg yolk agar. However, a strain which has a low LD50, such as 10(4), may show less severe cytopathogenic effects than a strain having a higher LD50, such as 10(6). The test has been effectively used to screen for virulent listerial isolates, spontaneous mutants, and transposon-induced mutants. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,BIOL PROD BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PINE, L (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENING & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 990 EP 996 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300027 PM 1905323 ER PT J AU BENSON, RF THACKER, WL LANSER, JA SANGSTER, N MAYBERRY, WR BRENNER, DJ AF BENSON, RF THACKER, WL LANSER, JA SANGSTER, N MAYBERRY, WR BRENNER, DJ TI LEGIONELLA-ADELAIDENSIS, A NEW SPECIES ISOLATED FROM COOLING-TOWER WATER SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; PNEUMOPHILA; MONOHYDROXY; DIHYDROXY AB A Legionella-like organism (strain 1762-AUS-E) was isolated from a cooling tower of an air-conditioning system in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. The isolate was presumptively identified as a Legionella strain by its growth requirement for L-cysteine and its cellular branched-chain fatty acids. Strain 1762-AUS-E was serologically distinct in the slide agglutination test with absorbed antisera. DNA hybridization confirmed that it is a new Legionella species for which the name Legionella adelaidensis is proposed. C1 INST MED & VET SCI,ADELAIDE,SA 5000,AUSTRALIA. E TENNESSEE STATE UNIV,COLL MED,JOHNSON CITY,TN 37614. RP BENSON, RF (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1004 EP 1006 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300029 PM 2056032 ER PT J AU TOTH, I BARRETT, TJ COHEN, ML RUMSCHLAG, HS GREEN, JH WACHSMUTH, IK AF TOTH, I BARRETT, TJ COHEN, ML RUMSCHLAG, HS GREEN, JH WACHSMUTH, IK TI ENZYME-LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY FOR PRODUCTS OF THE 60-MEGADALTON PLASMID OF ESCHERICHIA-COLI SEROTYPE O157-H7 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; PROTEINS; ADHERENCE; INFECTION; TOXINS AB Eighty strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli, representing each of the major diarrheal disease-causing groups, were examined by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of proteins associated with a 60-MDa plasmid from E. coli serotype O157:H7. Antiserum specific for plasmid-encoded proteins was prepared by immunizing a rabbit with a wild-type E. coli O157:H7 strain (strain 7785) and absorbing the serum with a plasmid-cured derivative (strain 2-45). Use of this antiserum in Western immunoblot analysis detected two proteins of 82 and 92 kDa in strain 7785 but not in strain 2-45. All 16 wildtype E. coli O157:H7 strains and all 10 Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing E. coli strains of serotypes other than O157 were ELISA positive. Thirteen of 14 enterotoxigenic and all 24 enteroinvasive E. coli strains were ELISA negative, as were all of 16 E. coli strains isolated from healthy persons. Of 16 traditional enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serotypes, 10 were ELISA positive, including 10 of 12 strains carrying the EPEC adherence factor gene. Absorption of the serum with an EPEC adherenece factor-positive EPEC eliminated EPEC reactivity. This study demonstrates that two plasmid-mediated proteins are common to E. coli O157:H7 strains and to SLT-producing strains of other serotypes. Detection of these proteins by ELISA provides a sensitive and specific screening test for identifying SLT-producing E. coli of both O157 and non-O157 serotypes. Identification of the cross-reactive proteins found in EPEC could provide the basis for a single assay to detect both EPEC and SLT-producing E. coli. C1 NATL INST HYG,BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1016 EP 1019 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300032 PM 2056035 ER PT J AU LEE, BY CHATTERJEE, D BOZIC, CM BRENNAN, PJ COHN, DL BALES, JD HARRISON, SM ANDRON, LA ORME, IM AF LEE, BY CHATTERJEE, D BOZIC, CM BRENNAN, PJ COHN, DL BALES, JD HARRISON, SM ANDRON, LA ORME, IM TI PREVALENCE OF SERUM ANTIBODY TO THE TYPE-SPECIFIC GLYCOPEPTIDOLIPID ANTIGENS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-POSITIVE AND VIRUS-NEGATIVE INDIVIDUALS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOLIPID ANTIGENS; INTRACELLULARE; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; AIDS AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was constructed by using as antigens the type-specific immunodominant glycopeptidolipids of selected serotypes of Mycobacterium avium. This assay system was used to determine the prevalence of raised antibody levels to these antigens in groups of controls, human immunodeficiency (HIV)-negative and -positive homosexual men, and HIV-negative patients with active M. avium infections as a possible indicator of potential exposure and/or colonization by M. avium in these individuals. The results indicate that while antibody levels were raised in only 2.4% of control individuals, 33% of HIV-negative homosexual men and 44% of HIV-positive patients exhibited raised levels. Moreover, further examination of the HIV-positive group revealed no correlation between antiglycopeptidolipid antibody activity and helper T cell numbers. These data indicate that exposure to M. avium is prevalent among the homosexual male population, regardless of their HIV status. Moreover, the data are suggestive that the emergence of disseminated M. avium disease in HIV-positive patients may sometimes arise from earlier colonization, rather than as a newly acquired infection during terminal immunodeficiency. C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. FITZSIMONS ARMY MED CTR,AURORA,CO 80045. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1026 EP 1029 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FH443 UT WOS:A1991FH44300034 PM 2056037 ER PT J AU LIFSON, AR BUCHBINDER, SP SHEPPARD, HW MAWLE, AC WILBER, JC STANLEY, M HART, CE HESSOL, NA HOLMBERG, SD AF LIFSON, AR BUCHBINDER, SP SHEPPARD, HW MAWLE, AC WILBER, JC STANLEY, M HART, CE HESSOL, NA HOLMBERG, SD TI LONG-TERM HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC HOMOSEXUAL AND BISEXUAL MEN WITH NORMAL CD4+ LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS - IMMUNOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS; CELLULAR CYTO-TOXICITY; HEPATITIS-B VACCINE; HTLV-III LAV; NATURAL-KILLER; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HIV INFECTION; TARGET-CELLS; AIDS; ANTIBODY AB From a prospective cohort study, 24 asymptomatic men were identified who had been antibody positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for at least 5 years (median = 9.1) with CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater-than-or-equal-to 400 cells/mm3. Of these "nonprogressors," 23 (96%) had evidence of HIV infection by either HIV culture or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV DNA, although only 1 (4%) had a positive assay for HIV RNA (by PCR) and no one was positive for p24 antigen. Compared with 24 antibody-negative men and 14 men with AIDS, nonprogressors had higher CD8+ counts and lower natural killer cell activity. Nonprogressors had higher beta-2-microglobulin levels than did seronegative controls, suggesting some degree of immune system activation. Compared with men with AIDS, nonprogressors seemed to have a stronger antibody response to six different HIV-related proteins but did not differ significantly in neutralizing antibody or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity. C1 DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. DEPT PUBL HLTH,MICROBIOL LAB,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,DIV LABS,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94704. PATHOL INST,BERKELEY,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU900-523-03-5] NR 56 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 163 IS 5 BP 959 EP 965 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FH745 UT WOS:A1991FH74500004 PM 1673465 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, DN KIEHLBAUCH, JA TEE, W PITARANGSI, C ECHEVERRIA, P AF TAYLOR, DN KIEHLBAUCH, JA TEE, W PITARANGSI, C ECHEVERRIA, P TI ISOLATION OF GROUP-2 AEROTOLERANT CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES FROM THAI CHILDREN WITH DIARRHEA SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI INFECTION; HUMAN-SERUM; FEATURES; COLI; DISEASE; SALMONELLA; FILTRATION; ENTERITIS; SHIGELLA; STRAINS AB Campylobacter species were isolated from 93 (15%) of 631 Thai children with diarrhea using the membrane filter technique on nonselective blood agar incubated at 37-degrees-C. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 62 (10%), Campylobacter coli from 14 (2%), and atypical campylobacters from 17 (3%). The 17 atypical strains were first characterized biochemically and by dot blot DNA hybridization. Catalase-negative strains also were characterized by DNA hybridization and ribotype pattern. One strain was a catalase-negative "Campylobacter upsaliensis" and another was a nitrate-negative Campylobacter jejuni doylei. Fifteen isolates were aerotolerant strains most closely resembling Campylobacter cryaerophila or "C. upsaliensis" by dot hybridization. These aerotolerant strains, designated group 2 ("Campylobacter butzleri"), had ribotypes distinct from C. cryaerophila and have previously been shown to be related by DNA hybridization at the species level to the group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter type strain (D2686). Group 2 aerotolerant Campylobacter were the atypical Campylobacter species most frequently isolated from Thai children with diarrhea. C1 WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT BACTERIAL DIS,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FAIRFIELD HOSP,VICTORIA,AUSTRALIA. ARMED FORCES RES INST MED SCI,DEPT BACTERIOL,BANGKOK,THAILAND. NR 29 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1062 EP 1067 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FH745 UT WOS:A1991FH74500019 PM 2019754 ER PT J AU EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ DICKINSON, CM ROBERTS, JM AF EBERHARD, ML LAMMIE, PJ DICKINSON, CM ROBERTS, JM TI EVIDENCE OF NONSUSCEPTIBILITY TO DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE IN WUCHERIA-BANCROFTI SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID FILARIASIS; CITRATE; PERSISTENCE; THERAPY AB This study assessed Wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients who received diethylcarbamazine (DEC) to determined if drug levels were comparable between individuals who continued to harbor circulating microfilariae and those whose blood became clear of parasites, between those with high and low microfilaria counts, and between infected and noninfected persons. Haitian volunteers undergoing treatment for W. bancrofti and two nonendemic controls were enrolled. DEC levels in serum and urine samples were determined using a gas chromatographic method. No correlation was found between pre- and posttreatment microfilarial levels and drug levels. Drug levels were comparable in persons with or without residual microfilaria and in infected and uninfected persons. These results indicate that incomplete drug regimens, differences in serum drug levels, and inadequate drug dosage are not the primary causes of treatment failure and suggest there is a degree of parasite tolerance for DEC. RP EBERHARD, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,BLDG 23,RM 8,MS F-13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1160 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FH745 UT WOS:A1991FH74500037 PM 2019765 ER PT J AU SILVERSTEIN, BA FINE, LJ AF SILVERSTEIN, BA FINE, LJ TI CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY - A PREVENTIVE STRATEGY IS NEEDED SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Note ID SHOULDER; WORK; NECK C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HLTH EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RP SILVERSTEIN, BA (reprint author), DEPT LABOR & IND,SAFETY & HLTH ASSESSMENT & RES PROGRAM,OLYMPIA,WA 98504, USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 33 IS 5 BP 642 EP 644 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FL740 UT WOS:A1991FL74000014 PM 1870018 ER PT J AU PIZARRO, F YIP, R DALLMAN, PR OLIVARES, M HERTRAMPF, E WALTER, T AF PIZARRO, F YIP, R DALLMAN, PR OLIVARES, M HERTRAMPF, E WALTER, T TI IRON STATUS WITH DIFFERENT INFANT-FEEDING REGIMENS - RELEVANCE TO SCREENING AND PREVENTION OF IRON-DEFICIENCY SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID DECLINING PREVALENCE; MILK FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; FIELD TRIAL; ANEMIA; BIRTH AB The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of screening for anemia in infants in relation to their previous diet. The iron status of 854 nine-month-old infants on three different feeding regimens and on a regimen including iron dextran injection was determined by analysis of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels and of serum transferrin saturation. Infants were categorized as having iron deficiency if two or three of the three biochemical test results were abnormal and as having iron deficiency anemia if, in addition, the hemoglobin level was < 110 gm/L. The prevalence of iron deficiency was highest in infants fed cow milk formula without added iron (37.5%), intermediate in the group fed human milk (26.5%), much lower in those fed cow milk formula with added iron (8.0%), and virtually absent in those injected with iron dextran (1.3%). The corresponding values for iron deficiency anemia were 20.2%, 14.7%, 0.6%, and 0%, respectively. The use of iron supplements is therefore justified in infants fed cow milk formula without added iron, even when there is no biochemical evidence of iron deficiency. The low prevalence of iron deficiency in the group fed iron-fortified formula appears to make it unnecessary to screen routinely for anemia in such infants. These results also support the recommendation that infants who are exclusively fed human milk for 9 months need an additional source of iron after about 6 months of age. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO, DEPT PEDIAT, BOX 0106, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94143 USA. UNIV CHILE, INST NUTR & TECHNOL ALIMENTOS, HEMATOL UNIT, SANTIAGO, CHILE. CTR DIS CONTROL, DIV NUTR, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RI Olivares, Manuel/I-1876-2013; Pizarro, Fernando/K-5266-2012 OI Olivares, Manuel/0000-0002-1716-7697; Pizarro, Fernando/0000-0001-6088-1119 NR 37 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 118 IS 5 BP 687 EP 692 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80027-7 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FK458 UT WOS:A1991FK45800005 PM 2019922 ER PT J AU FROEHLICH, H JARVIS, WR AF FROEHLICH, H JARVIS, WR TI ECONOMIC-IMPACT OF DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS AND SEVERITY OF ILLNESS ON REIMBURSEMENT FOR CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM INFECTIONS SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE; POPULATION; CHILDREN; INFANTS AB Because the federal government's diagnosis-related group (DRG) classification system for prospective payment has not been widely applied to hospitalized pediatric patients, we analyzed the effectiveness of one DRG category (central nervous system infections) for a single year at a medium-sized children's hospital to control for patient's severity of illness and for hospital reimbursement. Several independent measures of severity of illness (length of stay, duration of fever, Physiologic Severity Index) showed that patients with bacterial meningitis and those with encephalitis (DRG 20) were more ill than those with aseptic meningitis (DRG 21) (p < 0.001 for each measure). Cost analysis revealed that the hospital was only partially reimbursed for its charges (shortfall of $95,547) and that patients with Medicaid or no insurance accounted for 22% of discharges but 88% of losses. Reimbursement by DRG would have increased payment for DRG 21 but decreased that for DRG 20. If DRGs were applied to pediatric central nervous system infections and used in a prospective payment system, they would accurately predict disease severity between but not within groups, and significant financial losses for children's hospitals would still occur. C1 EMORY UNIV, SCH MED, DEPT PEDIAT, DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL, ATLANTA, GA 30322 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, HOSP INFECT PROGRAM, EPIDEMIOL BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 118 IS 5 BP 693 EP 697 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80028-9 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FK458 UT WOS:A1991FK45800006 PM 1902255 ER PT J AU ROCHA, E COX, NJ BLACK, RA HARMON, MW HARRISON, CJ KENDAL, AP AF ROCHA, E COX, NJ BLACK, RA HARMON, MW HARRISON, CJ KENDAL, AP TI ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC-VARIATION IN INFLUENZA-A (H1N1) VIRUS ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM A PERSISTENTLY INFECTED IMMUNODEFICIENT CHILD SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMAGGLUTININ MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC ANALYSES; RAPID EVOLUTION; BINDING-SITES; H-1 SUBTYPE; MUTATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS AB Antigenic and genetic variations have been analyzed in eight consecutive isolates recovered from a child with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome persistently infected with naturally acquired type A (H1N1) influenza virus over a 10-month period. Hemagglutination inhibition reactions and T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting demonstrated that these viruses were related to strains causing outbreaks in the United States at that time (1983 to 1984) but that antigenic and genetic differences between consecutive isolates could be detected. This variation between isolates was examined further by sequencing the RNAs encoding the HA1 region of the hemagglutinin (HA) and the nucleoprotein (NP) in five of the consecutive isolates. Multiple point mutations were detected in both genes, and a deletion of one amino acid was detected in the HA. Depending on the isolates compared, 5.8 x 10(-3) to 17 x 10(-3) substitutions per nucleotide site per year were detected in the RNAs encoding the HA1, and 3.5 x 10(-3) to 24 x 10(-3) substitutions per nucleotide site per year were detected in detected in the NP gene. Fifty-four percent of the base changes in the HA1 and 73% in the NP led to amino acid substitutions. A progressive accumulation of mutations over time was not observed, suggesting that the genetic diversity of these viruses may best be interpreted as the result of shifts in the population equilibrium (quasispecies) of replicating variant genomes. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,CINCINNATI,OH 45229. RP ROCHA, E (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,INFLUENZA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 62 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 65 IS 5 BP 2340 EP 2350 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG777 UT WOS:A1991FG77700024 PM 2016763 ER PT J AU BESANSKY, NJ BUTERA, ST SINHA, S FOLKS, TM AF BESANSKY, NJ BUTERA, ST SINHA, S FOLKS, TM TI UNINTEGRATED HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 DNA IN CHRONICALLY INFECTED CELL-LINES IS NOT CORRELATED WITH SURFACE CD4 EXPRESSION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID AIDS; RETROVIRUS; HIV; AMPLIFICATION; ACCUMULATION; INFECTIVITY; POLYMERASE; INVITRO AB Using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay on total cell lysates, we have detected unintegrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in chronically infected T-lymphocytic (ACH-2, J1) and promyelocytic (OM-10.1) cell lines. Treatment with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) or soluble CD4 inhibited accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA about 10-fold within 72 h; removal of AZT permitted recovery to pretreatment levels within 72 h. Our results indicate that unintegrated HIV-1 DNA is unstable in these cell lines and originates from a continuous process of reinfection. OM-10.1 cells had relatively high levels of surface CD4 by flow cytometry and high levels of unintegrated viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction. ACH-2 cells had very low levels of both surface CD4 and unintegrated viral DNA. However, J1 cells, with surface CD4 below the level of detection of flow cytometry had a high level of unintegrated viral DNA similar to that of OM-10.1 cells. This implies that the number of CD4 receptors is not rate limiting for reinfection. RP BESANSKY, NJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, DEPT INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 65 IS 5 BP 2695 EP 2698 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG777 UT WOS:A1991FG77700069 PM 2016776 ER PT J AU BARTLEY, SL DOWELL, VR AF BARTLEY, SL DOWELL, VR TI COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE FROM FECAL SPECIMENS SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Dowell reported in 1980 that two selective media, cycloserine mannitol agar (CMA) and cycloserine mannitol blood agar (CMBA), developed at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), gave better results than cycloserine fructose egg-yolk agar or cycloserine cefoxitin fructose egg-yolk agar in the isolation of Clostridium difficile from feces and in the quantitative recovery of the organism from pure cultures. In 1983, Bartley and Dowell modified the basal medium for CMA and CMBA by deleting L-leucine and L-serine; since then, the modified media has been used for isolating C difficile from feces. In this study, we compared the modified CMA and CMBA media with cycloserine cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA) in the quantitative recovery of C difficile isolates and modified CCFA from two vendors in the isolation of C difficile from feces. In addition, all fecal specimens were cultured on CDC anaerobe blood agar (BA) after treatment for 1 hour with 95% ethyl alcohol (BA-ETOH). Of 350 fecal specimens examined using all media, 105 yielded C difficile. Of the 105 specimens, 80 were positive with CMBA (76%), 68 with CMA (65%), 44 with CCFA (vendor A) (42%), 38 with CCFA (vendor B) (36%), and 95 with BA-ETOH (90%). The selective media ranked as follows in quantitative recovery of 24 C difficile strains from pure cultures: CMBA > CMA > CCFA. We conclude that the modified CMBA and CMA media are superior to modified CCFA medium for recovery of C difficile and that culture on BA following alcohol treatment is a superior and cost-effective method for detecting C difficile from clinical fecal specimens. RP BARTLEY, SL (reprint author), US DEPT HHS,CTR DIS CONTROL,PUBL HLTH SERV,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,ANAEROB BACTERIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 22 IS 5 BP 335 EP 338 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA FH167 UT WOS:A1991FH16700007 ER PT J AU DESCHRYVERKECSKEMETI, K GRAMLICH, TL CROFFORD, LJ RADER, JI PAGE, SW NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH STERNBERG, EM AF DESCHRYVERKECSKEMETI, K GRAMLICH, TL CROFFORD, LJ RADER, JI PAGE, SW NEEDHAM, LL HILL, RH STERNBERG, EM TI MAST-CELL AND EOSINOPHIL INFILTRATION IN INTESTINAL-MUCOSA OF LEWIS RATS TREATED WITH L-TRYPTOPHAN IMPLICATED IN HUMAN EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE GASTROINTESTINAL LESIONS; L-TRYPTOPHAN ASSOCIATED EOSINOPHILIA MYALGIA SYNDROME ID CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; SCLERODERMA; ASSOCIATION; FIBROBLASTS; ACTIVATION; INGESTION; FASCIITIS; ARTHRITIS; BIOLOGY AB A recently developed animal model for the L-tryptophan-associated eosinophilia myalgia syndrome was used to examine the small intestine and colon, because there is clinical involvement at these sites in patients. Increased perivascular inflammatory infiltrates rich in degranulating mast cells, eosinophils, and monocytes were seen in the lamina propria of experimental animals when compared with controls. L-Tryptophan-associated disease also shares many clinical features with idiopathic scleroderma/eosinophilic fasciitis, in which there is gastrointestinal involvement as well. These features are similar to those found in the recently described animal model. The apparent morphologic and clinical similarities between these entities suggest that the animal model is suitable for further studying the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal involvement in all these diseases. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. NIAMSD,BETHESDA,MD. US FDA,CTR FOOD SAFETY & APPL NUTR,WASHINGTON,DC 20204. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NIMH,ADAMHA,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Crofford, Leslie/J-8010-2013 NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 4 IS 3 BP 354 EP 357 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA FM217 UT WOS:A1991FM21700012 PM 2068062 ER PT J AU KOLLER, WC LANGSTON, JW HUBBLE, JP IRWIN, I ZACK, M GOLBE, L FORNO, L ELLENBERG, J KURLAND, L RUTTENBER, AJ SPENCER, P TANNER, C TETRUD, J WILCOX, T ROMAN, G MAYEUX, R SMITH, M GOETZ, C AF KOLLER, WC LANGSTON, JW HUBBLE, JP IRWIN, I ZACK, M GOLBE, L FORNO, L ELLENBERG, J KURLAND, L RUTTENBER, AJ SPENCER, P TANNER, C TETRUD, J WILCOX, T ROMAN, G MAYEUX, R SMITH, M GOETZ, C TI DOES A LONG PRECLINICAL PERIOD OCCUR IN PARKINSONS-DISEASE SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP ON PRECLINICAL DETECTION OF PARKINSONS DISEASE CY DEC 07-08, 1990 CL MIAMI, FL SP SANDOZ PHARM, SOMERSET PHARM, PARKINSONS EPIDEMIOL RES COMM ID AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; DRUG-INDUCED PARKINSONISM; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; SENSORY SYMPTOMS; RISK-FACTORS; LEWY BODIES; HUMAN-BRAIN; SMOKING; DEPRESSION; ETIOLOGY C1 CALIF PARKINSONS FDN,SAN JOSE,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ. VET ADM MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURG,NEW YORK,NY 10032. NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH MED,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NINCDS,PARKINSONS EPIDEMIOL RES COMM,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. OREGON HLTH SCI UNIV,PORTLAND,OR 97201. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. RUSH PRESBYTERIAN ST LUKES MED CTR,CHICAGO,IL 60612. RP KOLLER, WC (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,MED CTR,DEPT NEUROL,39TH & RAINBOW BLVD,KANSAS CITY,KS 66103, USA. NR 107 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU LITTLE BROWN CO PI BOSTON PA 34 BEACON STREET, BOSTON, MA 02108-1493 SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 41 IS 5 SU 2 BP 8 EP 13 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA FQ264 UT WOS:A1991FQ26400002 PM 2041599 ER PT J AU RAUCH, AM GLODE, MP WIGGINS, JW RODRIGUEZ, JG HOPKINS, RS HURWITZ, ES SCHONBERGER, LB AF RAUCH, AM GLODE, MP WIGGINS, JW RODRIGUEZ, JG HOPKINS, RS HURWITZ, ES SCHONBERGER, LB TI OUTBREAK OF KAWASAKI SYNDROME IN DENVER, COLORADO - ASSOCIATION WITH RUG AND CARPET CLEANING SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE KAWASAKI SYNDROME; RUG SHAMPOO ID DISEASE; SHAMPOO; EXPOSURE; ETIOLOGY AB Between October 1984 and January 1985, the largest outbreak of Kawasaki syndrome reported to date in the continental United States (62 cases) occurred in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, extending from Colorado Springs, Colorado, to Cheyenne, Wyoming. Fifty-two (84%) of these Kawasaki syndrome patients lived in the Denver metropolitan area. A case-control study revealed that 16 (62%) of 26 Kawasaki syndrome patients compared with 10 (20%) of 49 matched control subjects had a history of exposure to shampooed (19%) or spot-cleaned (81%) rugs or carpets within 30 days of the Kawasaki syndrome onset date (odds ratio = 5, P < .01). The time of exposure to shampooed or spot-cleaned rugs or carpets for 9 of 10 Kawasaki syndrome patients who had a single exposure and for all 6 Kawasaki syndrome patients who had multiple exposures were clustered within an interval 13 to 30 days before the onset of illness. Although the reason for this unusually large outbreak remains obscure, it is the third in which a statistically significant association between Kawasaki syndrome and rug or carpet cleaning has been found. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,EPIDEMIOL ACT,BLDG 6,ROOM 125,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CHILDRENS HOSP,DENVER,CO 80218. UNIV COLORADO,HLTH SCI CTR,CARDIOL SECT,DENVER,CO 80262. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,SPECIAL STUDIES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. COLORADO DEPT HLTH SERV,DENVER,CO. NR 23 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1991 VL 87 IS 5 BP 663 EP 669 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FL115 UT WOS:A1991FL11500011 PM 2020511 ER PT J AU YIP, R LI, Z CHONG, WH AF YIP, R LI, Z CHONG, WH TI RACE AND BIRTH-WEIGHT - THE CHINESE EXAMPLE SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BIRTH WEIGHT; PREMATURITY; RACE; CHINESE ID DIFFERENT ETHNIC-GROUPS; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; NEONATAL-MORTALITY; POPULATION; WOMEN; RISK AB In several studies a race-specific variation in birth weight was suggested between black infants and white infants. The following were compared: (1) the birth weight of Chinese infants born in mainland China, Taiwan, and the United States; and (2) the birth weight of Chinese infants and white infants born in the United States controlled for sociodemographic background. Similar birth weight distributions and incidence of low birth weight were found among Chinese infants born in the three areas with markedly different economic conditions. The women in all three areas appear to have met the basic health and nutritional needs for adequate fetal growth. Similar incidence of low birth weight with different birth weight distribution was found among infants born in the United States to two Chinese parents, to one Chinese parent and one white parent, and to two white parents. The variation in birth weight is greater for white infants than for Chinese infants and, consequently, more white infants had larger birth weight. The possibility of race-specific influences on birth weight distribution is suggested by these findings. C1 BEIJING MED UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,NATL CTR MATERNAL & INFANT HLTH,BEIJING,PEOPLES R CHINA. EXECUT YUAN,DEPT HLTH,FIELD EPIDEMIOL TRAINING PROGRAM,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. RP YIP, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,MAIL STOP K26,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 1991 VL 87 IS 5 BP 688 EP 693 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FL115 UT WOS:A1991FL11500015 PM 2020515 ER PT J AU HOUK, VN WARREN, RC AF HOUK, VN WARREN, RC TI FORUM ON YOUTH VIOLENCE IN MINORITY COMMUNITIES - SETTING THE AGENDA FOR PREVENTION - FOREWORD SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material RP HOUK, VN (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 106 IS 3 BP 226 EP 226 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FQ004 UT WOS:A1991FQ00400002 ER PT J AU ROPER, WL AF ROPER, WL TI THE PREVENTION OF MINORITY YOUTH VIOLENCE MUST BEGIN DESPITE RISKS AND IMPERFECT UNDERSTANDING - OPENING KEYNOTE ADDRESS SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material RP ROPER, WL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 106 IS 3 BP 229 EP 231 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FQ004 UT WOS:A1991FQ00400005 PM 1905024 ER PT J AU ROSENBERG, ML AF ROSENBERG, ML TI CHARGE TO THE PARTICIPANTS - FROM ANALYSIS TO ACTION SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FORUM ON YOUTH VIOLENCE IN MINORITY COMMUNITIES : SETTING THE AGENDA FOR PREVENTION CY DEC 10-12, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL, MINORITY HLTH PROFESS FDN RP ROSENBERG, ML (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 106 IS 3 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FQ004 UT WOS:A1991FQ00400007 PM 1905026 ER PT J AU SHULTZ, JM NOVOTNY, TE RICE, DP AF SHULTZ, JM NOVOTNY, TE RICE, DP TI QUANTIFYING THE DISEASE IMPACT OF CIGARETTE-SMOKING WITH SAMMEC II SOFTWARE SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT FORUM ON YOUTH VIOLENCE IN MINORITY COMMUNITIES : SETTING THE AGENDA FOR PREVENTION CY DEC 10-12, 1990 CL ATLANTA, GA SP CTR DISEASE CONTROL, MINORITY HLTH PROFESS FDN ID ECONOMIC COSTS; HEALTH AB Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs Software, Release II (SAMMEC II) has been developed for the Office on Smoking and Health, Public Health Service, to permit rapid calculation of deaths, years of potential life lost, direct health-care costs, indirect mortality costs, and disability costs associated with cigarette smoking. For the mortality-related measures, age-specific and age-adjusted rates are also calculated. The pivotal epidemiologic measure in these calculations is the smoking-attributable fraction, an attributal risk measure. A multiple-measure approach (attributable mortality and economic costs) to quantifying a health problem is termed "disease impact estimation." Previously, national and State-specific estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and economic costs were calculated using SAMMEC software, the predecessor of SAMMEC II. SAMMEC II is completely menu-driven and operates within the Lotus 1-2-3 software as a set of linked spreadsheets. SAMMEC II adapts national epidemiologic methods for use by State and local health departments. Increased exposure of public health professionals to disease impact estimation techniques, as demonstrated by SAMMEC II, will lead to improvements in both methodology and the quality of smoking-related health data. The primary purpose of SAMMEC II, however, is to provide State or locality-specific data on the health consequences of smoking to policymakers and public health professionals in these jurisdictions. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PHS,OFF SMOKING & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH NURSING,DEPT SOCIAL & BEHAV SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP SHULTZ, JM (reprint author), UNIV MIAMI,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,POB 016069 R-669,MIAMI,FL 33101, USA. NR 32 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 106 IS 3 BP 326 EP 333 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FQ004 UT WOS:A1991FQ00400023 PM 1905056 ER PT J AU MARKOWITZ, LE NIEBURG, P AF MARKOWITZ, LE NIEBURG, P TI THE BURDEN OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTION DUE TO MEASLES IN DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES AND THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF MEASLES-VACCINE SO REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT BELLAGIO CONF ON THE PATHOGENESIS AND PREVENTION OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN IN DEVELOPING REGIONS CY AUG 21-25, 1989 CL BELLAGIO, ITALY SP UNICEF, US AID, WHO ID TRACT INFECTIONS; EDMONSTON-ZAGREB; SUCCESSFUL IMMUNIZATION; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; DEVELOPING WORLD; CHILDREN; MORTALITY; DISEASE; INFANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Measles is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in developing countries. Hospital and community-based studies of ALRI have found that measles accounts for 6%-21% of the morbidity and 8%-93% of the mortality due to ALRI. Although live attenuated measles vaccine is one of the most effective vaccines in use today, measles has not been controlled in many parts of the world, primarily because the levels of vaccine coverage required to interrupt measles transmission have not been achieved. In addition, in some areas, a large percentage of cases of measles occur in infants who are younger than the age recommended for vaccination. Recent studies suggest that the Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine may be more immunogenic than other vaccine strains in young infants. A substantial proportion of ALRI could be prevented by increasing measles vaccine coverage and by the use of particular vaccine strains in younger children. RP MARKOWITZ, LE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,E-05,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0162-0886 J9 REV INFECT DIS PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 13 SU 6 BP S555 EP S561 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA FM966 UT WOS:A1991FM96600015 PM 1862285 ER PT J AU MARGOLIS, HS ALTER, MJ HADLER, SC AF MARGOLIS, HS ALTER, MJ HADLER, SC TI HEPATITIS-B - EVOLVING EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID RECOMMENDED SCREENING QUESTIONS; ACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HIGH-RISK WOMEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; OBSTETRIC POPULATION; ESKIMO POPULATION; PREDICTIVE VALUE C1 CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,RES BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA. RP MARGOLIS, HS (reprint author), CTR INFECT DIS & SURVEILLANCE INVEST,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,WHO,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 88 TC 282 Z9 295 U1 1 U2 3 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1055/s-2008-1040427 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GN065 UT WOS:A1991GN06500003 PM 1832236 ER PT J AU BRADLEY, DW KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, MJ PURDY, MA AF BRADLEY, DW KRAWCZYNSKI, K BEACH, MJ PURDY, MA TI NON-A-HEPATITIS, NON-B-HEPATITIS - TOWARD THE DISCOVERY OF HEPATITIS-C AND HEPATITIS-E VIRUSES SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review ID TRANSMITTED NON-A; HOG-CHOLERA VIRUS; EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED CHIMPANZEES; VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; TRANSFUSION NON-A; EPIDEMIC NON-A; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; POST-TRANSFUSION; POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION RP BRADLEY, DW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 100 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 381 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD MAY PY 1991 VL 11 IS 2 BP 128 EP 146 DI 10.1055/s-2008-1040431 PG 19 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA GN065 UT WOS:A1991GN06500007 PM 1653458 ER PT J AU SHERWOOD, JA OSTER, CN ADOYOADOYO, M BEIER, JC GACHIHI, GS NYAKUNDI, PM BALLOU, WR BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD SCHWARTZ, IK WERE, JBO WIRTZ, RA SCHNEIDER, I ROBERTS, CR YOUNG, JF GROSS, M CHULAY, JD AF SHERWOOD, JA OSTER, CN ADOYOADOYO, M BEIER, JC GACHIHI, GS NYAKUNDI, PM BALLOU, WR BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD SCHWARTZ, IK WERE, JBO WIRTZ, RA SCHNEIDER, I ROBERTS, CR YOUNG, JF GROSS, M CHULAY, JD TI SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF A PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SPOROZOITE VACCINE - BOOSTING OF ANTIBODY-RESPONSE IN A POPULATION WITH PRIOR NATURAL EXPOSURE TO MALARIA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NATURALLY ACQUIRED ANTIBODIES; T-CELL EPITOPE; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; EFFICACY; IMMUNITY; MICE AB Recombinant sporozoite vaccine or placebo were administered once to 25 volunteers from an area endemic for malaria. Antibody to R32tet32 rose in 9 of 15 receiving vaccine and remained elevated in 6 for 6 months. Mean absorbance increase was 0.43 +/- 0.40 with vaccine, 0.01 +/- 0.23 with placebo, and 0.72 +/- 0.19 in responders. Six non-responders had significantly lower pre-immunization levels (0.07 +/- 0.05) than responders (0.39 +/- 0.25). There was an association between an increase in immunofluorescence (n = 4) and an increase in absorbence (n = 9) among vaccine recipients (n = 15). Vaccine-induced increase in antibody to natural circumsporozoite antigen was indicated by increases in immunofluorescence and by increases in circumsporozoite precipitation score in 2 of the 5 responders with highest antibody increase measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Response to subunit sporozoite vaccine paralleled response to prior natural sporozoite exposure and was significant and prolonged in a population with prior natural exposure to malaria. C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CLIN RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. KENYA MED RES,BIOMED SCI RES CTR,NAIROBI,KENYA. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT IMMUNOL,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS & IMMUNOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. WALTER REED ARMY MED CTR,DEPT ENTOMOL,WASHINGTON,DC 20307. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. SK&F LABS,KING OF PRUSSIA,PA. RP SHERWOOD, JA (reprint author), USA,MED RES UNIT,BOX 30137,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 4EY SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY-JUN PY 1991 VL 85 IS 3 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1016/0035-9203(91)90281-3 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA FU718 UT WOS:A1991FU71800005 PM 1949134 ER PT J AU FORSBERG, AD EVATT, BL LEVINE, PH AF FORSBERG, AD EVATT, BL LEVINE, PH TI UPDATE OF STUDY OF SEROLOGIC MARKERS IN PREVIOUSLY UNTRANSFUSED HEMOPHILIACS - A JOINT STUDY OF THE NEW-ENGLAND-AREA-COMPREHENSIVE-HEMOPHILIA-CENTER, CENTERS-FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL, NATIONAL-HEMOPHILIA-FOUNDATION, AND THE WORLD-FEDERATION-OF-HEMOPHILIA SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MED CTR CENT MASSACHUSETTS MEM,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD MAY PY 1991 VL 31 IS 4 BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA FK316 UT WOS:A1991FK31600035 ER PT J AU CHEN, RT MOSES, JM MARKOWITZ, LE ORENSTEIN, WA AF CHEN, RT MOSES, JM MARKOWITZ, LE ORENSTEIN, WA TI ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA AND MEASLES VACCINATIONS IN COLLEGE-STUDENTS SO VACCINE LA English DT Note DE ADVERSE EFFECTS; IMMUNIZATION; MEASLES VACCINE; MEASLES MUMPS RUBELLA VACCINE; VACCINATION; VIRAL VACCINES ID VACCINE AB We studied adverse events reported by 401 measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinees and 391 unvaccinated controls at one college, and 133 measles (M) vaccinees and 352 unvaccinated controls at an adjacent college during a measles outbreak in Massachusetts in 1985. Rates of symptoms and signs experienced by MMR vaccinees, M vaccinees, and controls were essentially similar. No serious adverse events were detected. C1 MIT,DEPT MED,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. RP CHEN, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY PY 1991 VL 9 IS 5 BP 297 EP 299 DI 10.1016/0264-410X(91)90053-9 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH523 UT WOS:A1991FH52300003 PM 1872012 ER PT J AU LINDQUESTER, GJ PELLETT, PE AF LINDQUESTER, GJ PELLETT, PE TI PROPERTIES OF THE HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 STRAIN-Z29 GENOME - G + C CONTENT, LENGTH, AND PRESENCE OF VARIABLE-LENGTH DIRECTLY REPEATED TERMINAL SEQUENCE ELEMENTS SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; DNA-MOLECULES; INVERSION; CIRCULARIZATION; SEQUENCE; FIELD; LONG C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RHODES COLL,DEPT BIOL,MEMPHIS,TN 38112. NR 23 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 182 IS 1 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90653-S PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG180 UT WOS:A1991FG18000013 PM 2024458 ER PT J AU SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D PELLETT, PE AF SANCHEZMARTINEZ, D PELLETT, PE TI EXPRESSION OF HSV-1 AND HSV-2 GLYCOPROTEIN-G IN INSECT CELLS BY USING A NOVEL BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION VECTOR SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; DNA-SEQUENCE; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; HERPESVIRUSES; RELATEDNESS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,VIRAL EXANTHEMS & HERPESVIRUS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. BIOKIT SA,DEPT MOLEC BIOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 182 IS 1 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90666-Y PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG180 UT WOS:A1991FG18000026 PM 1850903 ER PT J AU TAMIN, A ESPOSITO, J HRUBY, D AF TAMIN, A ESPOSITO, J HRUBY, D TI A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION IN THE 5'-UNTRANSLATED REGION OF THE VACCINIA N2L GENE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR BOTH ALPHA-AMANITIN-RESISTANT AND TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE PHENOTYPES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID VIRUS MUTANTS; RNA; BIOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; DELETION; DEFECT; HOST C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,CTR GENE RES & BIOTECHNOL,DEPT MICROBIOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-20563] NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 182 IS 1 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90688-8 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG180 UT WOS:A1991FG18000048 PM 2024475 ER PT J AU DE, BK LAIRMORE, MD GRIFFIS, K WILLIAMS, LJ VILLINGER, F QUINN, TC BROWN, C NZILAMBI SUGIMOTO, M ARAKI, S FOLKS, TM AF DE, BK LAIRMORE, MD GRIFFIS, K WILLIAMS, LJ VILLINGER, F QUINN, TC BROWN, C NZILAMBI SUGIMOTO, M ARAKI, S FOLKS, TM TI COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES OF THE PARTIAL ENVELOPE GENE (5' DOMAIN) AMONG HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I (HTLV-I) ISOLATES SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Note ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; RETROVIRUS HTLV; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; PROVIRUS; BLOOD; HIV; PARTICLES; INFECTION; LYMPHOMA C1 OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NIAID,IMMUNOREGULAT LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. KUMAMOTO UNIV,DEPT INTERNAL MED 1,KUMAMOTO 860,JAPAN. PROJECT SIDA,KINCHOSA,ZAIRE. RP DE, BK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DVRD,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY PY 1991 VL 182 IS 1 BP 413 EP 419 DI 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90692-5 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA FG180 UT WOS:A1991FG18000052 PM 2024477 ER PT J AU LAMMIE, PJ HITCH, WL ALLEN, EMW HIGHTOWER, W EBERHARD, ML AF LAMMIE, PJ HITCH, WL ALLEN, EMW HIGHTOWER, W EBERHARD, ML TI MATERNAL FILARIAL INFECTION AS RISK FACTOR FOR INFECTION IN CHILDREN SO LANCET LA English DT Note ID BRUGIA-PAHANGI; ANTIGENS; RESPONSES; PARASITE; JIRDS AB Familial clustering of filarial infection was investigated through random house-to-house surveys of 643 individuals in Leogane, Haiti, an area with endemic Bancroftian filariasis. Children of infected mothers were 2.4 to 2.9 times more likely to be infected than were those of amicrofilaraemic mothers. Filarial-specific cellular responsiveness in amicrofilaraemic children born to infected mothers was lower than that in amicrofilaraemic children born to amicrofilaraemic mothers. No effect of paternal infection status was seen. The findings show that maternal infection is a risk factor for filarial infection in children and is associated with altered parasite-specific immune reactivity. RP LAMMIE, PJ (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,F13,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU PHS HHS [YO2-00005-01] NR 10 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 27 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8748 BP 1005 EP 1006 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92661-K PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FJ135 UT WOS:A1991FJ13500005 PM 1673168 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW WILKINS, PP AF TSANG, VCW WILKINS, PP TI OPTIMUM DISSOCIATING CONDITION FOR IMMUNOAFFINITY AND PREFERENTIAL ISOLATION OF ANTIBODIES WITH HIGH SPECIFIC ACTIVITY SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE IMMUNOAFFINITY; ANTIBODY ISOLATION ID SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; PURIFICATION; ANTIGENS AB Using an immunoaffinity model consisting of a high performance matrix (Affi-prep-10) with normal human IgG as ligand, and hyperimmune goat anti-human IgG (heavy and light chain active) antibodies, we compared the efficacies of 13 elution reagents. Efficacy was considered in terms of specific activity and total quantitative recovery of the eluted antibody. The optimum, general-purpose dissociation reagent for this immunoaffinity system is 3.0 M MgCl2.6H2O, 0.075 M Hepes/NaOH, with 25% ethylene glycol pH 7.20. The antibodies recovered from diluted (1/2) goat serum with this dissociation reagent have a SpAct of 1.87 times and a total recovery of 6.33 times that of a comparable experiment using the usual eluant of 1.0 M glycine/HCl, pH 2.00. We also demonstrated that the SpAct of antibodies recovered from immunoaffinity procedures performed under antibody excess and antigen limiting conditions is 2.36-8.00 times higher than that produced by antigen excess and antibody limiting configurations. RP TSANG, VCW (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP F-13,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD APR 25 PY 1991 VL 138 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90178-I PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA FK445 UT WOS:A1991FK44500017 PM 2033281 ER PT J AU BECERRA, JE HOGUE, CJR ATRASH, HK PEREZ, N AF BECERRA, JE HOGUE, CJR ATRASH, HK PEREZ, N TI INFANT-MORTALITY AMONG HISPANICS - THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC PARADOX - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 PUERTO RICO DEPT HLTH,SAN JUAN,PR. RP BECERRA, JE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV REPROD HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Becerra, Jose/C-4071-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 24 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 16 BP 2066 EP 2067 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FG907 UT WOS:A1991FG90700015 ER PT J AU BERKELMAN, RL CHU, SY FARIZO, K BUEHLER, JW AF BERKELMAN, RL CHU, SY FARIZO, K BUEHLER, JW TI CLARIFICATION OF AIDS MORTALITY IN WOMEN SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP BERKELMAN, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 17 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 15 BP 1952 EP 1952 DI 10.1001/jama.265.15.1952 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FF768 UT WOS:A1991FF76800016 PM 2008022 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, KK THACKER, SB SMITH, SJ STROUP, DF ZACK, MM FLANDERS, WD BERKELMAN, RL AF STEINBERG, KK THACKER, SB SMITH, SJ STROUP, DF ZACK, MM FLANDERS, WD BERKELMAN, RL TI A METAANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY ON THE RISK OF BREAST-CANCER SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID EXOGENOUS ESTROGENS; MENOPAUSAL ESTROGENS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CLINICAL-TRIALS; HORMONE USE; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OOPHORECTOMY; COHORT AB To quantify the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on breast cancer risk, we combined dose-response slopes of the relative risk of breast cancer against the duration of estrogen use across 16 studies. Using this summary dose-response slope, we calculated the proportional increase in risk of breast cancer for each year of estrogen use. For women who experienced any type of menopause, risk did not appear to increase until after at least 5 years of estrogen use. After 15 years of estrogen use, we found a 30% increase in the risk of breast cancer (relative risk, 1.3; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.2 to 1.6). The increase in risk was largely due to results of studies that included premenopausal women or women using estradiol (with or without progestin), studies for which the estimated relative risk was 2.2 (Cl, 1.4 to 3.4) after 15 years. Among women with a family history of breast cancer, those who had ever used estrogen replacement had a significantly higher risk (3.4; Cl, 2.0 to 6.0) than those who had not (1.5; Cl, 1.2 to 1.7). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP STEINBERG, KK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,MS F-18,1600 CLIFTON RD,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 71 TC 552 Z9 559 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 17 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 15 BP 1985 EP 1990 DI 10.1001/jama.265.15.1985 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FF768 UT WOS:A1991FF76800026 PM 1826136 ER PT J AU FOLKS, TM AF FOLKS, TM TI HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS IN BONE-MARROW - STILL MORE QUESTIONS THAN ANSWERS SO BLOOD LA English DT Editorial Material ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PROGENITOR CELLS; REPLICATION; INFECTION RP FOLKS, TM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 15 PY 1991 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1625 EP 1626 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA FG728 UT WOS:A1991FG72800001 PM 2015393 ER PT J AU LAL, AA GOLDMAN, IF AF LAL, AA GOLDMAN, IF TI CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN GENE FROM PLASMODIUM-REICHENOWI, A CHIMPANZEE MALARIA PARASITE EVOLUTIONARILY RELATED TO THE HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Note ID CLONING; EPITOPE; DNA; SPOROZOITE; SEQUENCE; KNOWLESI; ANTIGEN AB We have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium reichenowi a Plasmodium falciparum-like malaria parasite of chimpanzees. Comparison of the two CS proteins reveals both similarities and differences in these two evolutionarily related parasites that have adapted to different hosts. The P. reichenowi CS protein has a new repeat sequence, NVNP, in addition to the P. falciparum-like NANP and NVDP repeats. In the immunodominant TH2R and TH3R regions of the CS protein, the amino acid sequences are similar in both parasite proteins. The differences in the two proteins exist in domains around the conserved regions, Region I and Region II, which are otherwise conserved in the CS proteins of P. falciparum analyzed to date. Studies of parasite protein genes of evolutionarily related malaria parasites, together with other immunologic and biologic characteristics, will help better understand the evolution and host parasite relationship of malaria parasites and may provide a tool for identifying protein determinants for malaria vaccine development. RP LAL, AA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1-Y02-AI-00006-01] NR 23 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 1991 VL 266 IS 11 BP 6686 EP 6689 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FG727 UT WOS:A1991FG72700008 PM 2016283 ER PT J AU ORLOFF, GM ORLOFF, SL KENNEDY, MS MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS AF ORLOFF, GM ORLOFF, SL KENNEDY, MS MADDON, PJ MCDOUGAL, JS TI PENETRATION OF CD4 T-CELLS BY HIV-1 - THE CD4 RECEPTOR DOES NOT INTERNALIZE WITH HIV, AND CD4-RELATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION EVENTS ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR ENTRY SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RETROVIRUS HTLV-III/LAV; TOXIC LYMPHOCYTES-T; PROTEIN KINASE-C; CLASS-II MHC; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PHORBOL ESTERS; L3T4 MOLECULE; ANTIGEN; BINDING AB Receptor binding of HIV to the CD4 molecule is required for efficient infection of T cells, but the post-binding steps that result in penetration of HIV are not well understood. CD4 is induced to internalize upon T cell activation, and mAb to CD4 modify signal transduction and T cell activation as does HIV in some systems. It is not known whether HIV binding triggers CD4 endocytosis or whether signal transduction events are required for penetration. Selected inhibitors of signal transduction were evaluated for their effects on penetration using two assays that are dependent on penetration. After short term exposure to inhibitor and HIV, cells were analyzed for reverse-transcribed HIV DNA (DNA amplification assay), or productive infection is monitored (infectivity assay). Viral penetration was tested in the presence of H7 (protein kinase C inhibition), EGTA (extracellular Ca2+ chelation), cyclosporine A (inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent activation), or pertussis toxin (inhibition of G protein function). All agents were used at concentrations that were inhibitory for their respective signal transduction pathways. None of the inhibitors affected viral penetration. We tracked the CD4 molecule with fluorescent probes that do not interfere with HIV binding in a system where CD4T cells were saturated with HIV and the penetration event was relatively synchronized. Under conditions where detection of CD4 was more sensitive than the detection of HIV, HIV internalization was readily detected but CD4 internalization was not. C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. PROGEN THERAPEUT,TARRYTOWN,NY 10591. RP ORLOFF, GM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,IMMUNOL BRANCH,1-1202 A25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 50 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 1991 VL 146 IS 8 BP 2578 EP 2587 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA FG729 UT WOS:A1991FG72900013 PM 1673142 ER PT J AU MCCRAW, JM ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA CARDINALI, FL WOOTEN, JV AF MCCRAW, JM ASHLEY, DL BONIN, MA CARDINALI, FL WOOTEN, JV TI AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT OF DATA RESULTING FROM THE ULTRATRACE ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE ANALYTES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 9 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401450 ER PT J AU BURSE, VW TODD, GD BARNHART, ER PATTERSON, DG KORVER, MP MCCLURE, PC NEEDHAM, LL AF BURSE, VW TODD, GD BARNHART, ER PATTERSON, DG KORVER, MP MCCLURE, PC NEEDHAM, LL TI CANDIDATE QUALITY-CONTROL MATERIALS TO MONITOR METHOD PERFORMANCE AND PATTERN COMPARABILITY IN THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN HUMAN SERUM SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 11 EP ACSC PN 2 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG894 UT WOS:A1991FG89401455 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, BL AF JOHNSON, BL TI PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF TOXIC-WASTE - LESSONS FROM SUPERFUND SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOX SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,PUBL HLTH SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 21 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300938 ER PT J AU HOLLER, JS NEEDHAM, LL AF HOLLER, JS NEEDHAM, LL TI THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN ESTIMATING HUMAN EXPOSURE TO TOXIC-CHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 22 EP CHAS PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300939 ER PT J AU DECK, KS AF DECK, KS TI ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION RESOURCES - OVERVIEW AND NEEDS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 23 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300984 ER PT J AU ALSTON, G AF ALSTON, G TI TO YOUR HEALTH - PROVIDING ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH INFORMATION SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 AGCY TOXIC SUBST & DIS REGISTRY,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 14 PY 1991 VL 201 BP 26 EP CINF PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA FG893 UT WOS:A1991FG89300987 ER PT J AU CLEMENS, JD VANLOON, F SACK, DA RAO, MR AHMED, F CHAKRABORTY, J KAY, BA KHAN, MR YUNUS, M HARRIS, JR SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J AF CLEMENS, JD VANLOON, F SACK, DA RAO, MR AHMED, F CHAKRABORTY, J KAY, BA KHAN, MR YUNUS, M HARRIS, JR SVENNERHOLM, AM HOLMGREN, J TI BIOTYPE AS DETERMINANT OF NATURAL IMMUNIZING EFFECT OF CHOLERA SO LANCET LA English DT Note ID VACCINES; BANGLADESH AB To test the hypothesis that clinical Vibrio cholerae O1 infections protect against recurrent cholera, treated cholera episodes in a rural Bangladesh population of 188 153 people who were followed between 1985 and 1988 were analysed. Of the 2214 people with initial episodes of cholera, 7 had a second episode. The incidence of cholera was 61% lower in subjects who had had an earlier episode than in those without such an episode. Whereas initial episodes of classical cholera were associated with complete protection against subsequent cholera, initial episodes of El Tor cholera were associated with negligible protection. C1 INT CTR DIARRHOEL DIS RES,DHAKA,BANGLADESH. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER INFECT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV MARYLAND,CTR VACCINE DEV,BALTIMORE,MD 21201. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. RP CLEMENS, JD (reprint author), NICHHD,PREVENT RES PROGRAM,EXECUT PLAZA N BLDG,ROOM 640,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 10 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 13 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8746 BP 883 EP 884 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)90207-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FG048 UT WOS:A1991FG04800006 PM 1672971 ER PT J AU GAYLE, HD KEELING, RP AF GAYLE, HD KEELING, RP TI HIV AMONG UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS - REPLY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; INFECTION; WOMEN C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,MED CTR,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22908. RP GAYLE, HD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 11 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 15 BP 1063 EP 1063 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FF771 UT WOS:A1991FF77100015 ER PT J AU BERAL, V PETERMAN, T BERKELMAN, R JAFFE, H AF BERAL, V PETERMAN, T BERKELMAN, R JAFFE, H TI AIDS-ASSOCIATED NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; BURKITTS-LYMPHOMA; HOMOSEXUAL MEN AB Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with HIV infection. We investigated the epidemiology and aetiology of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma by analysing data from cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA, up to June 30, 1989. During this period 97 258 AIDS cases were reported, of whom 2824 (2.9%) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The condition was about 60 times more common in AIDS patients than in the general US population. 1686 cases were immunoblastic lymphoma, 548 primary lymphoma of the brain, and 590 Burkitt's lymphoma, a condition which is not normally associated with immunosuppression. The proportion of AIDS patients with immunoblastic lymphoma increased from 0% in those under 1 year old to 3.5% in those aged 50 or more. Primary lymphoma of the brain was constant at 0.6% for all ages. The frequency of Burkitt's lymphoma increased from zero in infants to a peak at 10-19 years of age (1.8%). Each type of lymphoma was twice as common in whites as in blacks and in men as in women. Lymphoma was most common in patients with haemophilia or clotting disorders and least common in those born in the Caribbean or Africa who had acquired HIV by heterosexual contact. Epidemiological data suggested that whilst infectious agents (eg, Epstein-Barr virus) may be associated with development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in AIDS patients there was probably no single cause for all the types of lymphoma. Perhaps the most puzzling question is why Burkitt's lymphoma is commonly associated with HIV infection but not with other types of immunosuppression. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BERAL, V (reprint author), RADCLIFFE INFIRM,IMPERIAL CANC RES FUND,CANC EPIDEMIOL UNIT,OXFORD OX2 6HE,ENGLAND. RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013 NR 27 TC 499 Z9 508 U1 0 U2 11 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 6 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8745 BP 805 EP 809 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FF228 UT WOS:A1991FF22800001 PM 1672911 ER PT J AU KOVACS, A FREDERICK, T CHURCH, J ELLER, A OXTOBY, M MASCOLA, L AF KOVACS, A FREDERICK, T CHURCH, J ELLER, A OXTOBY, M MASCOLA, L TI CD4 LYMPHOCYTE-T COUNTS AND PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA IN PEDIATRIC HIV-INFECTION SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; RATIO AB The relationship between CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is retrospectively investigated for 266 HIV-infected and uninfected children who were born to infected women, including 39 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), in a population-based surveillance study. Of 21 perinatally HIV-infected children with PCP only 10 (48%) had CD4 T-lymphocyte counts that were less than 500 X 10(6) cells/L (500 cells/mm3), compared with all 18 who were infected via blood transfusions or clotting factors. Among 68 children who were 1 year or younger, 18 (90%) of 20 PCP cases had CD4 T-lymphocyte counts that were less than 1500 X 10(6) cells/L (1500 cells/mm3) compared with only five (10%) of 48 children who did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (odds ratio, 77.4; 95% confidence interval, 19.7 to 313.4). The mean CD4 T-lymphocyte count was lower for the 39 PCP cases when compared with the 188 children who were at different stages of HIV infection and did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) independent of age. The majority of perinatally HIV-infected children with PCP were 6 months or younger and 50% were previously unknown to be infected. Thus, HIV-positive children should be identified early and followed closely. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts may be useful in monitoring HIV-positive children and determining when to begin PCP prophylaxis. C1 LOS ANGELES CTY DEPT HLTH SERV,PEDIAT AIDS SURVEILLANCE STUDY,LOS ANGELES,CA. CHILDRENS HOSP LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA. UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES CTY MED CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV SO CALIF,SCH MED,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033. RP KOVACS, A (reprint author), UNIV SO CALIF,LOS ANGELES CTY MED CTR,DEPT PATHOL,PEDIAT PAVIL,1129 N STATE S,ROOM 3D14,LOS ANGELES,CA 90033, USA. FU PHS HHS [U64-CCU903273-02] NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 13 BP 1698 EP 1703 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FD659 UT WOS:A1991FD65900025 PM 1672169 ER PT J AU GWINN, M PAPPAIOANOU, M GEORGE, JR HANNON, WH WASSER, SC REDUS, MA HOFF, R GRADY, GF WILLOUGHBY, A NOVELLO, AC PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ CURRAN, JW AF GWINN, M PAPPAIOANOU, M GEORGE, JR HANNON, WH WASSER, SC REDUS, MA HOFF, R GRADY, GF WILLOUGHBY, A NOVELLO, AC PETERSEN, LR DONDERO, TJ CURRAN, JW TI PREVALENCE OF HIV-INFECTION IN CHILDBEARING WOMEN IN THE UNITED-STATES - SURVEILLANCE USING NEWBORN BLOOD-SAMPLES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIDS; SEROPREVALENCE; INFANTS AB A national, population-based survey was initiated in 1988 to measure the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women giving birth to infants in the United States. Following standardized procedures, residual dried-blood specimens collected on filter paper for newborn metabolic screening were tested anonymously in state public health laboratories for maternal antibody to HIV. As of September 1990, annual survey data were available from 38 states and the District of Columbia. The highest HIV seroprevalence rates were observed in New York (5.8 per 1000), the District of Columbia (5.5 per 1000), New Jersey (4.9 per 1000), and Florida (4.5 per 1000). Nationwide, an estimated 1.5 per 1000 women giving birth to infants in 1989 were infected with HIV. Assuming a perinatal transmission rate of 30%, we estimate that approximately 1800 newborns acquired HIV infection during one 12-month period. Preventing transmission of HIV infection to women and infants is an urgent public health priority. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333. MASSACHUSETTS DEPT HLTH,BOSTON,MA. NICHHD,WASHINGTON,DC. RP GWINN, M (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,MAILSTOP E-49,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 243 Z9 245 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 13 BP 1704 EP 1708 DI 10.1001/jama.265.13.1704 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FD659 UT WOS:A1991FD65900026 PM 2002571 ER PT J AU SNIDER, DE SEGGERSON, JJ HUTTON, MD AF SNIDER, DE SEGGERSON, JJ HUTTON, MD TI TUBERCULOSIS AND MIGRANT FARM-WORKERS SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP SNIDER, DE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,TECH INFORMAT SERV,DIV TB ELIMINAT,MAILSTOP E06,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 13 BP 1732 EP 1732 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FD659 UT WOS:A1991FD65900032 PM 2002577 ER PT J AU WARD, E CARPENTER, A MARKOWITZ, S ROBERTS, D HALPERIN, W AF WARD, E CARPENTER, A MARKOWITZ, S ROBERTS, D HALPERIN, W TI EXCESS NUMBER OF BLADDER CANCERS IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO ORTHO-TOLUIDINE AND ANILINE SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-AMINES; TOBACCO USE; OCCUPATION; RISK AB A retrospective cohort study of the incidence of bladder cancer was conducted in response to a union request for an evaluation of a possible excess number of cases of bladder cancer at a chemical plant in western New York State. Workers at the plant were exposed to two potential bladder carcinogens-ortho-toluidine (o-toluidine) and aniline. Incidence rates of bladder cancer among workers at the plant were compared with those of the population of New York State (excluding New York City). Among all 1749 workers at the plant, 13 cases of bladder cancer were observed versus 3.61 expected [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 3.60; 90% confidence interval (CI) = 2.13-5.73]. Among the 708 workers who worked in areas in which o-toluidine and aniline were used, 7 cases were observed versus 1.08 expected (SIR = 6.48; 90% CI = 3.04-12.2). Among the 288 maintenance, shipping, and janitorial workers thought to have been possibly exposed, 4 cases were observed versus 1.09 expected (SIR = 3.66; 90% CI = 1.25-8.37). Among the remaining 753 workers who were probably not exposed, 2 bladder cancers were observed versus 1.43 expected (SIR = 1.39; 90% CI = 0.25-4.39). Increased risk of bladder cancer was strongly associated with increased duration of employment in the department where o-toluidine and aniline were used (P < .001). Among workers with 10 or more years of employment in the department, the SIR was 27.2 (90% CI = 11.8-53.7). o-Toluidine is an animal carcinogen more potent than aniline and is known to produce bladder tumors in rats; hence, it is more likely that o-toluidine is responsible for the observed excess number of cases of bladder cancer, although aniline may have played a role. C1 CUNY MT SINAI SCH MED,ENVIRONM SCI LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10029. RP WARD, E (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 29 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD APR 3 PY 1991 VL 83 IS 7 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1093/jnci/83.7.501 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FE173 UT WOS:A1991FE17300012 PM 2005633 ER PT J AU DECOCK, KM BARRERE, B LAFONTAINE, MF DIABY, L GNAORE, E PANTOBE, D ODEHOURI, K AF DECOCK, KM BARRERE, B LAFONTAINE, MF DIABY, L GNAORE, E PANTOBE, D ODEHOURI, K TI MORTALITY TRENDS IN ABIDJAN, IVORY-COAST, 1983-1988 SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AFRICA; AIDS; IVORY-COAST; IVORY-COAST; HIV; MORTALITY ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; IVORY-COAST; AIDS AB To assess changes in mortality in Abidjan since the development of the AIDS epidemic, we compared official city mortality statistics and hospital fatality rates in 1983, before AIDS was recognized in Abidjan, with those in 1988. Review of records in the city's major hospitals showed that fatality rates (deaths per 1000 admissions) in adult medical patients increased by 54% between 1983 and 1988, with increases of 106 and 98% in men 20-29 and 30-39 years of age, respectively, and 199 and 42% in women of the same age ranges. Mortality rates in surgical patients showed little change, while in children they declined. Over the same period, official mortality statistics for the city showed reduced mortality rates in children and women 20-29 years of age, but an increase in mortality rates of 54% in men 20 years of age and older, and of 28% in women aged 30 years and older. HIV infection may be a major cause of the increased adult mortality documented in hospital and city records, and jeopardizes improved survival from preventive measures such as maternal and child health services. C1 PROJECT RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. CTR IVOIRIEN RECH ECON & SOCIALE,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST RESOURCE DEV,COLUMBIA,MD. UNIV ABIDJAN,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. RP DECOCK, KM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV HIV AIDS,INT ACTIV,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAPID SCIENCE PUBLISHERS PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8NH SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1097/00002030-199104000-00006 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA FL461 UT WOS:A1991FL46100006 PM 1647789 ER PT J AU GRESSEL, MG GIDEON, JA AF GRESSEL, MG GIDEON, JA TI AN OVERVIEW OF PROCESS HAZARD EVALUATION TECHNIQUES SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB Since the 1985 release of methyl isocyanate in Bhopal, India, which killed thousands, the chemical industry has begun to use process hazard analysis techniques more widely to protect the public from catastrophic chemical releases. These techniques can provide a systematic method for evaluating a system design to ensure that it operates as intended, help identify process areas that may result in the release of a hazardous chemical, and help suggest modifications to improve process safety. Eight different techniques are discussed, with some simple examples of how they might be applied. These techniques include checklists, "what if" analysis, safety audits and reviews, preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA), event tree analysis (ETA), and hazard and operability studies (HAZOP). The techniques vary in sophistication and scope, and no single one will always be the best. These techniques can also provide the industrial hygienist with the tools needed to protect both workers and the community from both major and small-scale chemical releases. A typical industrial hygiene evaluation of a facility would normally include air sampling. If the air sampling does detect a specific hazardous substance, the source will probably be a routine or continous emission. However, air sampling will not be able to identify or predict the location of a nonroutine emission reliably. By incorporating these techniques with typical evaluations, however, industrial hygienists can proactively help reduce the hazards to the workers they serve. RP GRESSEL, MG (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV PHYS SCI & ENGN,ENGN CONTROL TECHNOL BRANCH,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 52 IS 4 BP 158 EP 163 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FF483 UT WOS:A1991FF48300006 PM 2069123 ER PT J AU EHRENBERG, RL VOGT, RL SMITH, AB BRONDUM, J BRIGHTWELL, WS HUDSON, PJ MCMANUS, KP HANNON, WH PHIPPS, FC AF EHRENBERG, RL VOGT, RL SMITH, AB BRONDUM, J BRIGHTWELL, WS HUDSON, PJ MCMANUS, KP HANNON, WH PHIPPS, FC TI EFFECTS OF ELEMENTAL MERCURY EXPOSURE AT A THERMOMETER PLANT SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; KIDNEY DISEASES; NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS; N-ACETYL-B-D-GLUCOSAMINIDASE; BETA-2-MICROGLOBULIN; RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN; SIC-3829 ID WORKERS; URINE; TOXICITY; VAPOR AB This study compares 84 mercury-exposed workers at a thermometer manufacturing facility with 79 unexposed workers for evidence of chronic mercury toxicity. Personal breathing-zone air concentrations of mercury ranged from 25.6 to 270.6-mu-g/m3 for thermometer workers. Urinary mercury levels in the study population ranged from 1.3 to 344.5-mu-g/g creatinine, with eight (10%) participants exceeding 150-mu-g/g creatinine and three workers exceeding 300-mu-g/g creatinine, which indicates increased absorption of mercury among the thermometer workers. All urine mercury levels in the comparison group were compatible with normal background levels in unexposed adults (< 10-mu-g/g creatinine). Thermometer plant workers reported more symptoms than did controls; in general, these differences were not statistically significant and could not be specifically associated with mercury exposure. Static tremor, abnormal Romberg test, dysdiadochokinesia, and difficulty with heel-to-toe gait were more prevalent among thermometer workers than control workers, which could not be associated with recent mercury exposure; there was some suggestion of an association with chronic exposure. There were no intergroup differences for the standard clinical tests of renal function except for a significantly higher mean specific gravity among the thermometer workers. A positive correlation was found, however, between urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urinary mercury. There was no consistent evidence for intergroup differences in proximal renal tubule function, as measured by urinary beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) or retinol binding protein (RBP). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,CLIN BIOCHEM LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. VERMONT DEPT HLTH,BURLINGTON,VT. EASTERN VIRGINIA MED SCH,DEPT FAMILY & COMMUNITY MED,NORFOLK,VA 23501. MINNESOTA DEPT HLTH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. RP EHRENBERG, RL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,NIOSH,BLDG 13043,MAILSTOP D-26,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 1991 VL 19 IS 4 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1002/ajim.4700190407 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FB428 UT WOS:A1991FB42800006 PM 2035548 ER PT J AU AYE, DT SACK, DA WACHSMUTH, IK KYI, DT THWE, SM AF AYE, DT SACK, DA WACHSMUTH, IK KYI, DT THWE, SM TI NEONATAL DIARRHEA AT A MATERNITY HOSPITAL IN RANGOON SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID ENTEROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB Between 1981 and 1986, 1,540 infants born at the Central Women's Hospital in Rangoon were transferred to the Sick Baby Unit because of diarrhea (15.4 per 1,000 live births). Rates among cesarean infants were five times as high as those of infants born vaginally (51.0 and 10.3 per 1000 live births, respectively). One hundred eighty-four of the infants with diarrhea died (case fatality rate = 12 percent). We conclude that neonatal diarrhea is endemic in this large maternity hospital in Burma, and that control efforts should be targeted especially to cesarean and low birthweight infants. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT INT HLTH,DIV GEOG MED,ROOM 5505,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. DEPT MED RES,DIV BACTERIOL RES,RANGOON,MYANMAR. CTR DIS CONTROL,ENTER BACTERIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CENT WOMENS HOSP,RANGOON,MYANMAR. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 4 BP 480 EP 481 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.4.480 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FU761 UT WOS:A1991FU76100018 PM 1825906 ER PT J AU VALDISERRI, RO CROSS, GD GERBER, AR SCHWARTZ, RE HEARN, TL AF VALDISERRI, RO CROSS, GD GERBER, AR SCHWARTZ, RE HEARN, TL TI CAPACITY OF UNITED-STATES LABS TO PROVIDE TLI IN SUPPORT OF EARLY HIV-1 INTERVENTION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Note ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; QUALITY ASSURANCE; INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; AIDS AB We surveyed laboratories to assess their capacity to perform T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping. Of the 1026 respondents, 279 located in 41 states and the District of Columbia performed this type of testing. Most laboratories were located in hospitals, reported a low weekly test volume, and indicated that it took 6-24 weeks for flow cytometer operators to become proficient. Many laboratories appear to have the capacity to perform additional CD4+ cell testing, but training additional operators may be necessary. The paucity of laboratories performing T-lymphocyte immunophenotyping in the public sector may affect referral patterns from that setting. RP VALDISERRI, RO (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV LAB SYST,PUBL HLTH PRACTICE PROGRAM OFF G25,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSN INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 1991 VL 81 IS 4 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.2105/AJPH.81.4.491 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FU761 UT WOS:A1991FU76100022 PM 2003631 ER PT J AU TEGOSHI, T BRODERSON, JR ISEKI, M OO, MM COLLINS, WE AIKAWA, M AF TEGOSHI, T BRODERSON, JR ISEKI, M OO, MM COLLINS, WE AIKAWA, M TI RENAL PATHOLOGY IN SAIMIRI MONKEYS DURING A VACCINE TRIAL USING THE RECOMBINANT CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN OF PLASMODIUM-VIVAX SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM INFECTION; SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; OWL MONKEYS; IMMUNIZATION AB Renal specimens of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus boliviensis) were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to examine the pathologic changes during vaccine trials with four recombinant circumsporozoite (CS) proteins (rPvCS-1, rPvCS-2, rPvCS-3, NS1(81)V20) of Plasmodium vivax. The monkeys were vaccinated and later challenged with P. vivax sporozoites. Among the 33 posttrial biopsies, 17 had mild to moderate mesangial proliferation and nine had interstitial nephritis. Immunohistochemistry by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method revealed IgG deposits in only three of 24 specimens and failed to demonstrate C3 deposits and P. vivax antigens in their glomeruli. There was no relationship between the severity of nephropathy and intensity of parasitemia. The intensity of parasitemia was the same in the vaccinated and control groups. Vaccinated monkeys from the groups (rPvCS-1, rPvCs-2, rPvCS-3) had no differences in renal pathology from the unvaccinated controls, but one group vaccinated with NS1(81)V20 did not develop renal changes. C1 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIV,INST PATHOL,2085 ADELBERT RD,CLEVELAND,OH 44106. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10645] NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 1991 VL 44 IS 4 BP 406 EP 412 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA FQ879 UT WOS:A1991FQ87900009 PM 2042706 ER PT J AU BASS, JB SNIDER, DE AF BASS, JB SNIDER, DE TI DIAGNOSTIC STANDARDS AND CLASSIFICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS - REPLY SO AMERICAN REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV TB CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BASS, JB (reprint author), UNIV SO ALABAMA,DEPT MED,DIV PULM & CRIT CARE MED,MOBILE,AL 36688, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LUNG ASSOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019 SN 0003-0805 J9 AM REV RESPIR DIS JI Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 143 IS 4 BP 896 EP 896 PN 1 PG 1 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA FE781 UT WOS:A1991FE78100038 ER PT J AU KHAN, B BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD WATKINS, WM OLOO, AJ OJOO, P KOECH, DK AF KHAN, B BRANDLINGBENNETT, AD WATKINS, WM OLOO, AJ OJOO, P KOECH, DK TI PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM SENSITIVITY TO ERYTHROMYCIN AND 4-AMINOQUINOLINE COMBINATIONS INVITRO SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD SCHIZONTOCIDAL ACTION; HUMAN MALARIA PARASITES; CHLOROQUINE; ANTIBIOTICS; FAILURE; KENYA; TETRACYCLINE; AMODIAQUINE; INFECTIONS; SYNERGY C1 KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,CTR CLIN RES,NAIROBI,KENYA. WELLCOME TRUST RES LABS,NAIROBI,KENYA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP KHAN, B (reprint author), KENYA GOVT MED RES CTR,BIOMED SCI RES CTR,POB 54840,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 85 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA FT485 UT WOS:A1991FT48500002 PM 1796864 ER PT J AU MCINTYRE, M QUINN, FD FIELDS, PI BERDAL, BP AF MCINTYRE, M QUINN, FD FIELDS, PI BERDAL, BP TI RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA ZINC METALLOPROTEASE USING CHROMOGENIC DETECTION SO APMIS LA English DT Article DE LEGIONELLA; PSEUDOMONAS; PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATES ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA ELASTASE AB Strains of Legionella spp. produce extracellular proteases that can be detected using synthetic chromogenic peptides. Chromogenic tri- and tetrapeptides show a high degree of sensitivity, specificity and reagent stability when linked to para-nitroaniline (pNA). For example, SucOMe-Arg-Pro-Tyr.pNa (S-2586) is specifically hydrolysed by proteases of Legionella pneumophila and some other Legionella species. A paper disc method to sample protease directly from agar plates has been used to evaluate chromogenic peptides as reagents for diagnostic purposes. Strains of Legionella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae were examined, together with a recombinant Escherichia coli strain containing the cloned 38 kDa zinc metalloprotease from L. pneumophila. S-2586 was hydrolysed by 282 out of 283 L. pneumophila strains, and by the recombinant E. coli. Two of the six strains representing other Legionella species, and 22 of the 50 strains from the Pseudomonas group were also positive. No reaction was seen with any of the Enterobacteriaceae strains. Although there was functional homology between proteases from several bacterial groups, the high prevalence of S 2586-hydrolysing proteases within L. pneumophila indicates a potential usefulness for phenotypic identification. C1 NORWEGIAN DEF MICROBIOL LAB,GEITMYRSVEIEN 75,N-0462 OSLO 4,NORWAY. JOHN RADCLIFFE HOSP,PUBL HLTH LAB,OXFORD OX3 9DU,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV TROMSO,INST MED BIOL,N-9001 TROMSO,NORWAY. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD APR PY 1991 VL 99 IS 4 BP 316 EP 320 PG 5 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA FN725 UT WOS:A1991FN72500003 PM 2036213 ER PT J AU MILLER, DT CONDON, SK KUTZNER, S PHILLIPS, DL KRUEGER, E TIMPERI, R BURSE, VW CUTLER, J GUTE, DM AF MILLER, DT CONDON, SK KUTZNER, S PHILLIPS, DL KRUEGER, E TIMPERI, R BURSE, VW CUTLER, J GUTE, DM TI HUMAN EXPOSURE TO POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS IN GREATER NEW-BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS - A PREVALENCE STUDY SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCB LEVELS; SERUM; CONSEQUENCES AB A study was conducted in the community of Greater New Bedford, Massachusetts, from 1984 through 1987 to assess the prevalence of elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the serum of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had resided in the area for at least 5 years. Eight hundred and forty subjects were interviewed, examined, and tested in a cross-sectional sample of the towns of Acushnet, Dartmouth, and Fairhaven and the city of New Bedford. Serum PCBs were measured to estimate the extent of human exposure. Because of documented environmental contamination by PCBs in the New Bedford area, and the practice of recreational fishing in the harbor for food, a significant number of persons with elevated serum PCB levels were expected to be identified. Instead, the prevalence of elevated serum PCBs in the sample was found to be typical of "unexposed" urban populations in the United States. Only 1.3% of the subjects had serum PCB levels greater than 30 ppb. The same percentage was observed among males (n = 391) and females (n = 449). The geometric means of PCB levels were 4.3 ppb among males (Range = 0.50 - 60.9) and 4.2 ppb among females (Range = 0.38 - 154). We conclude that the prevalence of elevated serum PCBs is low in the population of Greater New Bedford. C1 MASSACHUSETTS DEPT HLTH,BOSTON,MA 02111. MASSACHUSETTS RES INST,BOSTON,MA 02108. RP MILLER, DT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,DIV ENVIRONM HLTH LAB SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. RI Phillips, Donald/D-5270-2011 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 20 IS 3 BP 410 EP 416 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA FE108 UT WOS:A1991FE10800020 PM 1907125 ER PT J AU OU, CY MOORE, JL SCHOCHETMAN, G AF OU, CY MOORE, JL SCHOCHETMAN, G TI USE OF UV IRRADIATION TO REDUCE FALSE POSITIVITY IN POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Note AB UV irradiation provides a simple and efficient way to minimize contamination or false positivity which often occurs in laboratories performing routine PCR tests. Here, we characterize several parameters of the effect of UV irradiation on DNA template, primers, deoxynucleoside triphosphate and Taq polymerase. UV irradiation of DNA results in the formation of pyrimidine dimers and thus prevents them from being effective templates in subsequent PCR. Reduction of the HIV DNA templates in polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes by more than 1000-fold can be achieved by UV irradiation. The sensitivity of the primers is sequence- and concentration-dependent. Oligonucleotides with neighboring thymine bases are more susceptible to UV than those without. Taq polymerase is highly UV sensitive, whereas deoxynucleotide triphosphate is relatively UV resistant. RP OU, CY (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 6 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 9 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 442 EP & PG 0 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA FG600 UT WOS:A1991FG60000006 PM 1867851 ER PT J AU Budka, H Wiley, CA Kleihues, P Artigas, J Asbury, AK Cho, ES Cornblath, DR Dal Canto, MC DeGirolami, U Dickson, D Epstein, LG Esiri, MM Giangaspero, F Gosztonyi, G Gray, F Griffin, JW Henin, D Iwasaki, Y Janssen, RS Johnson, RT Lantos, PL Lyman, WD McArthur, JC Nagashima, K Peress, N Petito, CK Price, RW Rhodes, RH Rosenblum, M Said, G Scaravilli, F Sharer, LR Vinters, HV AF Budka, Herbert Wiley, Clayton A. Kleihues, Paul Artigas, Juan Asbury, Arthur K. Cho, Eun-Sook Cornblath, David R. Dal Canto, Mauro C. DeGirolami, Umberto Dickson, Dennis Epstein, Leon G. Esiri, Margaret M. Giangaspero, Felice Gosztonyi, Georg Gray, Francoise Griffin, John W. Henin, Dominique Iwasaki, Yuzo Janssen, Robert S. Johnson, Richard T. Lantos, Peter L. Lyman, William D. McArthur, Justin C. Nagashima, Kazuo Peress, Nancy Petito, Carol K. Price, Richard W. Rhodes, Roy H. Rosenblum, Marc Said, Gerard Scaravilli, Francesco Sharer, Leroy R. Vinters, Harry V. TI HIV-Associated Disease of the Nervous System: Review of Nomenclature and Proposal for Neuropathology-Based Terminology SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Review C1 [Budka, Herbert] Univ Vienna, Inst Neurol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Wiley, Clayton A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pathol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kleihues, Paul] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Pathol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Artigas, Juan] Auguste Viktoria Krankenhaus, Dept Pathol, D-1000 Berlin 41, Germany. [Asbury, Arthur K.] Hosp Univ Penn, Dept Neurol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Cho, Eun-Sook; Sharer, Leroy R.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. [Cornblath, David R.; Griffin, John W.; Johnson, Richard T.; McArthur, Justin C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Dal Canto, Mauro C.] Northwestern Univ, Div Neuropathol, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [DeGirolami, Umberto] Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol Neuropathol, Worcester, MA 01655 USA. [Dickson, Dennis; Lyman, William D.] Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Epstein, Leon G.] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Esiri, Margaret M.] Univ Oxford, Radcliffe Infirm, Dept Neuropathol, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. [Giangaspero, Felice] Univ Bologna, Osped Bellaria, Inst Pathol Anat & Histol, I-40139 Bologna, Italy. [Gosztonyi, Georg] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Neuropathol, D-1000 Berlin 45, Germany. [Gray, Francoise] Hop Henri Mondor, Dept Pathol Neuropathol, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Henin, Dominique] Hop Beaujon, Serv Pathol Anat & Cytol, F-92118 Clichy, France. [Iwasaki, Yuzo] Tohoku Univ, Dept Neurol Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Janssen, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lantos, Peter L.] Univ London, Inst Psychiat, Dept Neuropathol, London SE5 8AF, England. [Nagashima, Kazuo] Hokkaido Univ, Dept Pathol, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Peress, Nancy] SUNY Stony Brook, Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Petito, Carol K.] New York Hosp, Cornell Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Price, Richard W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Neurol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rhodes, Roy H.] Metrohlth Med Ctr, Div Neuropathol, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. [Rosenblum, Marc] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Said, Gerard] Hop Bicetre, Serv Neurol, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. [Scaravilli, Francesco] Natl Hosp, Inst Neurol, Dept Neuropathol, London WC1N 3BG, England. [Vinters, Harry V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Budka, H (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Neurol, Schwarzspanierstr 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. OI Dickson, Dennis W/0000-0001-7189-7917; Budka, Herbert/0000-0002-1933-1577 NR 98 TC 304 Z9 309 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1015-6305 J9 BRAIN PATHOL JI Brain Pathol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 1 IS 3 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00653.x PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA V16GZ UT WOS:000207859400001 PM 1669703 ER PT J AU EKBOM, A HELMICK, C ZACK, M ADAMI, HO AF EKBOM, A HELMICK, C ZACK, M ADAMI, HO TI EXTRACOLONIC MALIGNANCIES IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; LEUKEMIA; CANCER AB A population-based cohort with inflammatory bowel disease consisting of 4776 patients (3121 with ulcerative colitis and 1655 with Crohn's disease) was followed for 1 to 50 years for the occurrence of malignant neoplasms. Two hundred eighty-three cancers were observed versus 189.1 expected (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.5, 95% confidence limits [CL] 1.3 to 1.7). One hundred seventy-eight extracolonic cancers were observed versus 168.8 expected (SIR = 1.1, 95% CL 0.9 to 1.2). In Crohn's disease and extensive ulcerative colitis, observed cases were close to those expected but in ulcerative proctitis, the relative risk of extracolonic cancers was close to significantly increased (SIR = 1.3, 95% CL 1.0 to 1.7). Squamous skin cancers after Crohn's disease (SIR = 5.5, 95% CL 2.0 to 11.9) and connective tissue cancers after ulcerative colitis (SIR = 4.0, 95% CL 1.0 to 10.2) were significantly increased. Those having extensive ulcerative colitis at diagnosis had an increased risk of brain cancers (SIR = 2.4, 95% CL 1.0 to 4.6). Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis had lower than expected risk of breast cancer (SIR = 0.4, 95% CL 0.1 to 1.0). C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP EKBOM, A (reprint author), UNIV HOSP UPPSALA,DEPT SURG,S-75185 UPPSALA,SWEDEN. NR 22 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD APR 1 PY 1991 VL 67 IS 7 BP 2015 EP 2019 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(19910401)67:7<2015::AID-CNCR2820670731>3.0.CO;2-R PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA FC976 UT WOS:A1991FC97600030 PM 2004319 ER PT J AU SCHUCHAT, A SWAMINATHAN, B BROOME, CV AF SCHUCHAT, A SWAMINATHAN, B BROOME, CV TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN LISTERIOSIS SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review AB In the past decade, major progress has been made in elucidating the epidemiology of human listeriosis. Transmission by foodborne organisms is now recognized as a cause of both epidemic and sporadic listeriosis. Progress in detecting and subtyping Listeria monocytogenes has helped clarify the epidemiology of listeriosis. Efforts to identify dietary risk factors associated with listeriosis continue in order to develop dietary recommendations for the rapidly expanding population at increased risk of disease. Current research directions include the application of new molecular methods to the study of the organism, with the hope of ultimately improving the ability to diagnose pregnancy-associated disease and of permitting rapid detection and control of L. monocytogenes in the food supply. RP SCHUCHAT, A (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 454 Z9 469 U1 0 U2 41 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD APR PY 1991 VL 4 IS 2 BP 169 EP 183 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FG203 UT WOS:A1991FG20300004 PM 1906370 ER PT J AU BLUMBERG, HM KIEHLBAUCH, JA WACHSMUTH, IK AF BLUMBERG, HM KIEHLBAUCH, JA WACHSMUTH, IK TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA O-3 INFECTIONS - USE OF DNA RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS OF RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A242 EP A242 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300585 ER PT J AU BROWN, ST KIEHN, TE MCFADDEN, JJ KUNZE, ZM PORTAELS, F YAKRUS, M SMITH, C GOOD, RC TSANG, AY DENNER, JC ARMSTRONG, D AF BROWN, ST KIEHN, TE MCFADDEN, JJ KUNZE, ZM PORTAELS, F YAKRUS, M SMITH, C GOOD, RC TSANG, AY DENNER, JC ARMSTRONG, D TI THE USE OF RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS, AND SEROTYPING TO HELP DISTINGUISH BETWEEN NONVIRULENT AND VIRULENT-STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MEM SLOAN KETTERING CANC CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10021. UNIV SURREY,GUILDFORD GU2 5XH,SURREY,ENGLAND. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL JEWISH CTR IMMUNOL & RESP DIS,DENVER,CO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A144 EP A144 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300016 ER PT J AU BUFFINGTON, J LEVINE, WC GRABEY, L LIPTON, C HALL, DB ERDMAN, DD OSTROFF, SM AF BUFFINGTON, J LEVINE, WC GRABEY, L LIPTON, C HALL, DB ERDMAN, DD OSTROFF, SM TI AN OUTBREAK OF RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN A NURSING-HOME IN GEORGIA SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. GEORGIA DEPT HUMAN RESOURCE,ATLANTA,GA. WESLEY WOODS GERIAT CTR,ATLANTA,GA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A572 EP A572 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302474 ER PT J AU CHAKRAVARTI, DN CHAKRAVARTI, B LANGDON, RE EBERHARD, ML GREENE, BM AF CHAKRAVARTI, DN CHAKRAVARTI, B LANGDON, RE EBERHARD, ML GREENE, BM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIGENS CONTAINING T-CELL EPITOPES FROM ONCHOCERCA-VOLVULUS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MED,DIV GEOG MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A328 EP A328 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32301061 ER PT J AU GRAVENSTEIN, S MILLER, B HARMON, M DAVIS, JP AF GRAVENSTEIN, S MILLER, B HARMON, M DAVIS, JP TI WHAT LIMITS THE EFFICACY OF AMANTADINE IN THE CONTROL OF NURSING-HOME INFLUENZA A OUTBREAKS SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT MED,MADISON,WI 53706. DIV HLTH,MADISON,WI. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A199 EP A199 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300338 ER PT J AU KELLERMANN, AL MERCY, JA AF KELLERMANN, AL MERCY, JA TI MEN, WOMEN AND MURDER - GENDER SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF FATAL VIOLENCE AND VICTIMIZATION SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR HLTH SCI,MEMPHIS,TN 38163. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A578 EP A578 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302509 ER PT J AU KIM, I YIP, R YETLEY, EA AF KIM, I YIP, R YETLEY, EA TI VARIATIONS IN IRON STATUS MEASURES DURING THE MENSTRUAL-CYCLE FOR WOMEN IN THE HISPANIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HHANES) SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A649 EP A649 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302929 ER PT J AU MCNAGNY, SE PARKER, RM LEWIS, JS SCHMID, GS AF MCNAGNY, SE PARKER, RM LEWIS, JS SCHMID, GS TI DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN SELF-REPORT OF COCAINE USE AND URINE TESTING IN YOUNG MEN SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DIV GEN INTERNAL MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A629 EP A629 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32302812 ER PT J AU PEREZ, RL THARPE, JA STATON, GW BLACK, CM AF PEREZ, RL THARPE, JA STATON, GW BLACK, CM TI CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE MULTIPLIES WITHIN FRESHLY ISOLATED HUMAN ADULT PULMONARY MACROPHAGES AS DETERMINED BY A LUMINOGENIC CDNA PROBE TO CHLAMYDIAL 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A240 EP A240 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300572 ER PT J AU STAHL, CP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D EVATT, BL WINTON, EF AF STAHL, CP ZUCKERFRANKLIN, D EVATT, BL WINTON, EF TI INVIVO EFFECT OF INTERLEUKIN-6 ON MEGAKARYOCYTE (MK) DEVELOPMENT SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US PH,CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA. NYU MED CTR,NEW YORK,NY 10016. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A269 EP A269 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300746 ER PT J AU YIP, R WILLIAMS, DF BYER, T AF YIP, R WILLIAMS, DF BYER, T TI IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IRON NUTRITION STATUS AND THE RISK OF CANCER SO CLINICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0009-9279 J9 CLIN RES JI Clin. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 39 IS 2 BP A163 EP A163 PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA FH323 UT WOS:A1991FH32300128 ER PT J AU NOJI, EK AF NOJI, EK TI NATURAL DISASTERS SO CRITICAL CARE CLINICS LA English DT Article RP NOJI, EK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR ENVIRONM HLTH & INJURY CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0749-0704 J9 CRIT CARE CLIN JI Crit. Care Clin. PD APR PY 1991 VL 7 IS 2 BP 271 EP 292 PG 22 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA FK674 UT WOS:A1991FK67400003 PM 2049640 ER PT J AU COOPER, GR MYERS, GL HENDERSON, LO AF COOPER, GR MYERS, GL HENDERSON, LO TI ESTABLISHMENT OF REFERENCE METHODS FOR LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS AND APOLIPOPROTEINS SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SYMP AT THE CONGRESS ON BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 90 - REFERENCE METHODS IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY : OBJECTIVES, TRENDS, PROBLEMS CY MAY 08, 1990 CL MUNICH, FED REP GER ID CANDIDATE REFERENCE METHOD; A-I; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; DEFINITIVE METHOD; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM; STANDARDIZATION AB Reference methods for lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins have been developed for use as part of an accuracy base for institutional, national, or international reference systems. A widely accepted reference method exists only for total cholesterol. Well described interim or institutional in-house reference methods have been established for the other lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. The major criteria for a reference method are 1) scientific basis, 2) sound principles, 3) available calibration and control materials, 4) traceability to a definitive method or a point of reference, and 5) applicability to reference materials that provide traceability to clinical methods and transferability to other reference laboratories. The total cholesterol reference method of the U. S. National Reference System demonstrates how a reference method can be developed and applied. Reference methods now available can lead to an accepted international accuracy base for the clinically useful lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein measurements. RP COOPER, GR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,MAILSTOP F20,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-4974 J9 EUR J CLIN CHEM CLIN JI Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 269 EP 275 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Medical Laboratory Technology GA FP140 UT WOS:A1991FP14000010 PM 1651118 ER PT J AU DANIEL, FB CHEEVER, KL BEGLEY, KB RICHARDS, DE WEIGEL, WW EISENMANN, CJ AF DANIEL, FB CHEEVER, KL BEGLEY, KB RICHARDS, DE WEIGEL, WW EISENMANN, CJ TI BIS(2-METHOXYETHYL) ETHER - METABOLISM AND EMBRYONIC DISPOSITION OF A DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANT IN THE PREGNANT CD-1 MOUSE SO FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER; EXPERIMENTAL HUMAN EXPOSURE; ADULT MALE-RAT; METHOXYACETIC ACID; DIMETHOXYETHYL PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR TOXICITY; INHALATION TOXICITY; MICE; INDUCTION; 2-METHOXYETHANOL C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0272-0590 J9 FUND APPL TOXICOL JI Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 16 IS 3 BP 567 EP 575 DI 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90096-M PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA FE983 UT WOS:A1991FE98300017 PM 1855627 ER PT J AU GRIFFIN, PM LIFF, JM GREENBERG, RS CLARK, WS AF GRIFFIN, PM LIFF, JM GREENBERG, RS CLARK, WS TI ADENOCARCINOMAS OF THE COLON AND RECTUM IN PERSONS UNDER 40 YEARS OLD - A POPULATION-BASED STUDY SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANCER FAMILY SYNDROME; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PATIENTS LESS; RIGHTWARD SHIFT; CROHNS-DISEASE; LARGE BOWEL; CARCINOMA; AGE; PROGNOSIS; CHILDREN C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DIV EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP GRIFFIN, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,MAILSTOP C09,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 38 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD APR PY 1991 VL 100 IS 4 BP 1033 EP 1040 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA FB642 UT WOS:A1991FB64200024 PM 2001800 ER PT J AU SAUTER, SL SCHLEIFER, LM AF SAUTER, SL SCHLEIFER, LM TI WORK POSTURE, WORKSTATION DESIGN, AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISCOMFORT IN A VDT DATA-ENTRY TASK SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID OPERATING POSTURE; HEALTH; RSI; SYMPTOMS AB Self-report data on musculoskeletal discomfort were collected from several hundred VDT users in two agencies of a state government. Aspects of worker posture and workstation design were objectively assessed for 40 of the VDT users. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between these ergonomic variables and musculoskeletal discomfort. Effects of ergonomic factors on musculoskeletal discomfort were clearly evident in the analyses. Regression models explained up to 38% of the variance in discomfort at different body sites. Of special interest was that leg discomfort increased with low, soft seat pans, suggesting that postural constraint is more important than thigh compression as a risk factor for leg discomfort in VDT work. In addition, arm discomfort increased with increases in keyboard height above elbow level, supporting arguments for low placement of the keyboard. Finally, high levels of neck and shoulder girdle discomfort observed in the study population suggest the need for further attention to the control of cervicobrachial pain syndromes in VDT work. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. RP SAUTER, SL (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 59 TC 164 Z9 165 U1 3 U2 12 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD APR PY 1991 VL 33 IS 2 BP 151 EP 167 PG 17 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA FM897 UT WOS:A1991FM89700003 PM 1860702 ER PT J AU SCHANTZ, PM AF SCHANTZ, PM TI PARASITIC ZOONOSES IN PERSPECTIVE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ZOONOSES; HELMINTH AND PROTOZOA; LYME BORRELIOSIS; TRICHINOSIS; TOXOCARIASIS; ANCYLOSTOMIASIS; ECHINOCOCCOSIS; CYSTICERCOSIS; GIARDIASIS ID ALVEOLAR HYDATID-DISEASE; TOXOCARA-CANIS INFECTION; ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS; TAENIA-SOLIUM; ZOONOTIC TOXOCARIASIS; UNITED-STATES; CYSTICERCOSIS; CHILDREN; EPILEPSY; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS RP SCHANTZ, PM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 73 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD APR PY 1991 VL 21 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0020-7519(91)90006-S PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA FN860 UT WOS:A1991FN86000004 PM 1869350 ER PT J AU ALCORN, SM ORUM, TV STEIGERWALT, AG FOSTER, JLM FOGLEMAN, JC BRENNER, DJ AF ALCORN, SM ORUM, TV STEIGERWALT, AG FOSTER, JLM FOGLEMAN, JC BRENNER, DJ TI TAXONOMY AND PATHOGENICITY OF ERWINIA-CACTICIDA SP-NOV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; DIFFERENTIATION AB A total of 108 pectolytic, soft-rotting Erwinia strains were collected from 11 types of cacti growing in Arizona, Texas, northern Mexico, and Australia between 1958 and 1989. Four strains were collected from soils beneath or close to naturally rotting saguaro cacti. Collectively, these strains caused soft rots of saguaro, organ pipe, and senita cacti, Opuntia (cactus) fruits and pads, tomato fruits, and potato slices, but only occasionally caused soft rots of slices of carrot roots. A numerical cluster analysis showed that 98 of the 112 strains formed a uniform group (cluster 1A) that was distinguished from other pectolytic erwinias by an API 20E code of 1205131, by negative reactions in API 50CHE tests for L-arabinose, myo-inositol, D-cellobiose, melibiose, and D-raffinose, and, in supplemental tests, by positive reactions for malonate and growth at 43-degrees-C. The average levels of DNA relatedness of 22 cluster 1A strains to the proposed type strain (strain 1-12) as determined by the hydroxyapatite method were 88% in 60-degrees-C reactions (with 1% divergence within related sequences) and 87% in 75-degrees-C reactions. The levels of relatedness to the type strains of other Erwinia spp. were less-than-or-equal-to 38% in 75-degrees-C reactions. Cluster 1A strains also had a characteristic cellular fatty acid profile containing cyclo-(11,12)-nonadecanoic acid (C19:0 Cyclo C11-12) and missing tridecanoic acid (C13:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), and cis-9-heptadecenoic acid (C17:1 CIS 9), which separated them from other pectolytic erwinias. Collectively, these data indicate that the members of cluster 1A are members of a new species, which we name Erwinia cacticida. Three cactus strains in cluster 1B appear to represent a second new species that is closely related to E. cacticida; these strains are designated E. cacticida-like pending the availability of additional strains for testing. The remaining cactus strains (in cluster 4) have the physiological, DNA, and fatty acid profiles of Erwinia carotovora. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. UNIV DENVER,DEPT BIOL SCI,DENVER,CO 80210. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-34820] NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 197 EP 212 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FG362 UT WOS:A1991FG36200002 PM 1854634 ER PT J AU KATHARIOU, S PINE, L AF KATHARIOU, S PINE, L TI THE TYPE STRAIN(S) OF LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES - A SOURCE OF CONTINUING DIFFICULTIES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE; MUTATIONS AB The type strain of Listeria monocytogenes differs from wild-type L. monocytogenes strains in more characteristics than just the previously reported deficiency in hemolytic activity and virulence in the murine infection model. The type strain from the American Type Culture Collection (strain ATCC 15313) produces lecithinase, is hemolytic on rabbit (but not sheep) blood agar, lacks motility, and shows limited cytopathogenic effects on Caco-2 monolayers, whereas the type strain from the Special Listeria Culture Collection (strain SLCC 53) is unable to produce lecithinase, is nonhemolytic on rabbit or sheep blood agar, is motile, and shows no cytopathogenic effects on Caco-2 monolayers. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MENINGITIS & SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 328 EP 330 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FG362 UT WOS:A1991FG36200025 PM 1906732 ER PT J AU SWANSON, MC LI, JTC WENTZMURTHA, PE TRUDEAU, WL FERNANDEZCALDAS, E GREIFE, A RODRIGO, MAJ MORELL, F REED, CE AF SWANSON, MC LI, JTC WENTZMURTHA, PE TRUDEAU, WL FERNANDEZCALDAS, E GREIFE, A RODRIGO, MAJ MORELL, F REED, CE TI SOURCE OF THE AEROALLERGEN OF SOYBEAN DUST - A LOW-MOLECULAR MASS GLYCOPEPTIDE FROM THE SOYBEAN TELA SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASTHMA AB Airborne soybean allergens in the dust generated during the unloading of soybeans in the harbor caused asthma epidemics in Barcelona, Spain. The major allergen causing the epidemics was a glycopeptide < 14 kd molecular mass abundant in soybean dust. This allergen occurs in all parts of the soybean plant at all stages of growth, but the telae (hulls) and pods are by far the richest source. Small amounts of a similar cross-reacting allergen are found in some other grain dusts. The botanical function and significance of this soybean plant component is not known nor is the potential for airborne dispersion of this allergen at other grain-handling sites. C1 MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,DEPT INTERNAL MED,DIV ALLERG DIS,ALLERG DIS RES LAB,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. HOSP VALL DHEBRON,SERV PNEUMOL,BARCELONA,SPAIN. HOSP VALL DHEBRON,SERV BIOQUIM,BARCELONA,SPAIN. UNIV S FLORIDA,DIV ALLERGY & IMMUNOL,TAMPA,FL 33620. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 21255] NR 5 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 87 IS 4 BP 783 EP 788 DI 10.1016/0091-6749(91)90123-6 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA FG059 UT WOS:A1991FG05900006 PM 2013673 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST PEREZ, VL BESANSKY, NJ CHAN, WC WU, BY NABEL, GJ FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST PEREZ, VL BESANSKY, NJ CHAN, WC WU, BY NABEL, GJ FOLKS, TM TI EXTRACHROMOSOMAL HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1 DNA CAN INITIATE A SPREADING INFECTION OF HL-60 CELLS SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 INFECTION OF PROMYELOCYTES; UNINTEGRATED HIV-1 DNA; AZIDOTHYMIDINE; CD4; CLONAL ANALYSIS ID DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION; RETROVIRUS; HIV-1 AB In this report, we describe a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1)-infected promyelocytic cell line, OM, derived from HL-60 cells. Although the OM cell line was biologically cloned twice, the pattern of HIV-1 expression during culture appeared analogous to a classical acute spreading infection and was inhibited by both azidothymidine and recombinant soluble CD4 treatment. The number of OM cells actually expressing HIV-1 at the beginning of culture was 0%, reached a peak of nearly 100% at 6 weeks, and then fell to < 10% HIV-1+ cells by 10 weeks. Clonal analysis of the surviving cells verified that stable HIV-1+ OM cells resulted from the spreading infection. Southern analysis confirmed the transmission of HIV-1 through these OM cultures and the occurrence of stable clones which resulted. The initial percentage of OM cells actually harboring the HIV-1 genome was < 0.1%, indicating nonfaithful transmission of an unintegrated HIV-1 genome during clonal expansion. These results demonstrate that extrachromosomal HIV-1 DNA can contribute to the spread of HIV-1 infection and give rise to cells which have stably integrated HIV-1 provirus. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,MAIL STOP G19,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV HOSP,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT INTERNAL MED,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. UNIV MICHIGAN,MED CTR,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT BIOL CHEM,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD APR PY 1991 VL 45 IS 4 BP 366 EP 373 DI 10.1002/jcb.240450410 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA FG801 UT WOS:A1991FG80100009 PM 2045430 ER PT J AU PATTON, CM WACHSMUTH, IK EVINS, GM KIEHLBAUCH, JA PLIKAYTIS, BD TROUP, N TOMPKINS, L LIOR, H AF PATTON, CM WACHSMUTH, IK EVINS, GM KIEHLBAUCH, JA PLIKAYTIS, BD TROUP, N TOMPKINS, L LIOR, H TI EVALUATION OF 10 METHODS TO DISTINGUISH EPIDEMIC-ASSOCIATED CAMPYLOBACTER STRAINS SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SEROTYPING CAMPYLOBACTER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION-GENETICS; PLASMID DNA; RAW-MILK; JEJUNI; COLI AB We compared four phenotypic and six genotypic methods for distinguishing Campylobacter jejuni strains from animals and humans involved in four epidemics. Based on a comparison with epidemiologic data, the methods that correctly identified all strains in three milkborne outbreaks and one waterborne outbreak were heat-stable and heat-labile serotyping; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE); DNA restriction endonuclease analysis with BglII, XhoI, PvuII, or PstI; and Southern blot and hybridization of PvuII- and PstI-digested DNA with Escherichia coli 16S and 23S rRNA (ribotyping). Biotyping, phage typing, plasmid analysis, and probing of BglII and XhoI DNA digests with C. jejuni 16S rRNA genes failed to correctly separate one or more strains. MEE, restriction endonuclease analysis, and ribotyping were the most sensitive methods and identified nine types among the 22 strains. These methods were also capable of further distinguishing strains within the same serotype. Data from MEE were also analyzed to calculate genetic relatedness among strains. Serotyping was the most discriminating phenotypic method, with eight and seven types distinguished by the heat-stable and heat-labile methods, respectively. MEE and ribotyping had several advantages over the other methods because they measure relatively stable and significant chromosomal differences and are applicable to other species and genera. These methods, however, are complex and not easily quantified; they are currently limited to specialized laboratories. When antisera are available, serotyping appears to be an effective and more practical approach to the identification of epidemic-related strains. C1 STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,MED CTR,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,STANFORD,CA 94305. LAB CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV ENTER BACTERIOL,OTTAWA K1A 0L2,ONTARIO,CANADA. RP PATTON, CM (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 55 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 680 EP 688 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FC919 UT WOS:A1991FC91900004 PM 1890168 ER PT J AU SAMPSON, JS PLIKAYTIS, BB ALOISIO, CH CARLONE, GM PAU, CP STINSON, AR AF SAMPSON, JS PLIKAYTIS, BB ALOISIO, CH CARLONE, GM PAU, CP STINSON, AR TI IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SPECIFICITY OF 3 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE 58-KILODALTON PROTEIN OF LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Note ID IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT TECHNIQUES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT STANDARDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ANTIGEN; SEROGROUP-1; TEMPERATURE; CULTURES; WESTERN; TESTS AB Three monoclonal antibodies against the Legionella pneumophila 58-kDa protein were produced. By using immunoblot analysis, the percentages of reactivity against 47 serogroups of Legionella representing 29 species were determined to be 80.9, 87.2, and 95.6 for monoclonal antibodies GB5BE8, GB5AF6, and CA4AF5, respectively. Specificities obtained from testing 63 heterologous organisms representing 22 genera and 46 species were 90.7, 92.2, and 95.3% for monoclonal antibodies GB5BE8, GB5AF6, and CA4AF5, respectively. No single heterologous strain was reactive with all three monoclonal antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies successfully identified all 10 clinical isolates of Legionella examined in a dot blot assay and should be excellent reagents for use in genuswide diagnostic immunoassays. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV IMMUNOL ONCOL & HEMATOL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP SAMPSON, JS (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP 836 EP 841 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA FC919 UT WOS:A1991FC91900036 PM 1890189 ER PT J AU ANDERSON, LJ HENDRY, RM PIERIK, LT TSOU, C MCINTOSH, K AF ANDERSON, LJ HENDRY, RM PIERIK, LT TSOU, C MCINTOSH, K TI MULTICENTER STUDY OF STRAINS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBGROUP-B STRAINS; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PRIMARY INFECTION; F-GLYCOPROTEIN; COTTON RATS; IMMUNITY; CHILDREN; PROTEINS; HETEROGENEITY AB Two major groups of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains, A and B, have been identified and their patterns of isolation determined in different communities but not simultaneously in multiple communities. In this study, we tested 483 RSV isolates from 14 university laboratories in the United States and Canada for the 1984/1985 and 1985/1986 RSV seasons; 303 (63%) isolates were group A, 114 (24%) were group B, and 66 (14%) could not be grouped. Isolates were subdivided into six subgroups within group A and three within group B; up to six and often four or more different subgroups were isolated in the same laboratory during the same RSV season. The patteen of group and subgroup isolations varied among laboratories during the same year and between years for the same laboratory. These differences suggest that RSV outbreaks are community, possibly regional, but not national phenomena. The ability to identify group and subgroup differences in isolates is a powerful tool for epidemiologic studies of RSV. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,BOSTON,MA 02115. CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR,DIV INFECT DIS,BOSTON,MA 02115. US FDA,CTR BIOL EVALUAT & RES DIV VIROL,BETHESDA,MD 20014. NR 46 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 163 IS 4 BP 687 EP 692 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FD939 UT WOS:A1991FD93900001 PM 2010623 ER PT J AU WALTMAN, WD GRAY, BM SVANBORG, C FACKLAM, R BRILES, DE AF WALTMAN, WD GRAY, BM SVANBORG, C FACKLAM, R BRILES, DE TI EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF GROUP-9 PNEUMOCOCCI IN TERMS OF PROTEIN TYPE AND 9N VERSUS 9V CAPSULAR TYPE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SURFACE PROTEIN; INFECTION; SEROTYPES; ANTIGENS; INFANTS AB The variability among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of capsular group 9 was analyzed with a panel of six monoclonal antibodies to pneumococcal proteins. These antibodies differentiated the 104 group 9 isolates into 18 protein types and a group (P0) not typable with the antibody panel was used. Capsular type was determined for 87 isolates: 70% were capsular type 9V, 28% 9N, and 2% 9A. In terms of protein type, the 9V isolates were four times as diverse as the 9N isolates. Significant associations were observed between the protein type, geographic origin, and year of isolation. Statistically significant associations were also observed between different manifestations of pneumococcal disease and protein type of the capsular type 9V isolates. Thus, even within capsular types, pneumococci can be highly diverse; pneumococcal protein types may be useful in epidemiologic studies to distinguish related strains in the environment. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT MICROBIOL,801 SDB,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT PEDIAT,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. UNIV ALABAMA,DEPT COMPARAT MED,BIRMINGHAM,AL 35294. GOTHENBURG UNIV,DEPT CLIN IMMUNOL,S-41124 GOTHENBURG,SWEDEN. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-121548, T32 AI007051, AI-07051]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-17812] NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 163 IS 4 BP 812 EP 818 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FD939 UT WOS:A1991FD93900022 PM 2010634 ER PT J AU STORCH, GA ANDERSON, LJ PARK, CS TSOU, C DOHNER, DE AF STORCH, GA ANDERSON, LJ PARK, CS TSOU, C DOHNER, DE TI ANTIGENIC AND GENOMIC DIVERSITY WITHIN GROUP-A RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID SUBGROUP-B STRAINS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; G-GLYCOPROTEIN; HETEROGENEITY; OUTBREAKS; SEQUENCE AB Antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies and genomic analysis using ribonuclease protection was done on 47 isolates of group A respitory syncytial virus (RSV) recovered from children in St. Louis during four RSV seasons. Antigenic analysis identified four subgroups; of the three that included more than one member, those designated A/2 and A/2v had characteristic ribonuclease protection patterns. A third subgroup, A/4, exhibited more extensive genomic heterogeneity, but all isolates were distinguishable from those in subgroups A/2 and A/2v. Individual RSV epidemic seasons included isolates representing multiple subgroups of group A and multiple intrasubgroup variants, in addition to isolates from group B. Isolates that were indistinguishable by either antigenic or genomic analysis were present in more than one epidemic season. The subgroups may represent parallel evolutionary lineages, whose relevance to RSV immunity and pathogenesis requires further study. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV,EDWIN MALLINCKRODT DEPT PEDIAT,ST LOUIS,MO 63130. JOHN COCHRAN VET HOSP,RES SERV,ST LOUIS,MO. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 163 IS 4 BP 858 EP 861 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FD939 UT WOS:A1991FD93900030 PM 2010638 ER PT J AU KOKKA, RP JANDA, JM OSHIRO, LS ALTWEGG, M SHIMADA, T SAKAZAKI, R BRENNER, DJ AF KOKKA, RP JANDA, JM OSHIRO, LS ALTWEGG, M SHIMADA, T SAKAZAKI, R BRENNER, DJ TI BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION OF AUTOAGGLUTINATING PHENOTYPES OF AEROMONAS SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH INVASIVE AND NONINVASIVE DISEASE SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Note ID CAMPYLOBACTER-FETUS INFECTIONS; MESOPHILIC AEROMONADS; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENESIS; SALMONICIDA; RESISTANCE; SPECTRUM; SERUM AB The genetic characteristics and biochemical and structural properties of a number of autoagglutinating (AA) strains of Aeromonas associated with invasive and noninvasive disease in humans and infections in animals and from environmental sources were investigated. Of 27 strains analyzed by multilocus enzyme typing and DNA hybridization studies, 25 (93%) were confirmed to belong to either hybridization group 1 (phenospecies and genospecies Aeromonas hydrophila) or 8 (phenospecies Aeromonas sobria; genospecies Aeromonas veronii). Further analysis of 19 of these strains indicated that four major groups could be identified on the basis of serologic and surface characteristics, protein and lipopolysaccharide composition, and virulence properties; these groupings held true regardless of the site of isolation or disease process involved. The major AA+ group identified was serogroup O:11, whose strains possessed an S layer, were resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal serum, and were pathogenic in mice. The results suggest a set of useful phenotypic and structural markers for identification of specific subsets of mesophilic Aeromonas involved in a wide range of infections in the animal kingdom. C1 CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,MICROBIAL DIS LAB,2151 BERKELEY WAY,BERKELEY,CA 94704. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS LABS,BERKELEY,CA 94704. UNIV ZURICH,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,CH-8006 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NATL INST HLTH,DEPT BACTERIOL,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,SPECIAL PATHOGENS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 163 IS 4 BP 890 EP 894 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FD939 UT WOS:A1991FD93900039 PM 2010642 ER PT J AU MISHU, B SCHAFFNER, W AF MISHU, B SCHAFFNER, W TI FOODBORNE HEPATITIS-A - EVIDENCE THAT MICROWAVING REDUCES RISK - REPLY SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,MED CTR,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 163 IS 4 BP 918 EP 918 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA FD939 UT WOS:A1991FD93900048 ER PT J AU SINKS, T OMALLEY, M HARTLE, R HALES, TR RUHE, R AF SINKS, T OMALLEY, M HARTLE, R HALES, TR RUHE, R TI AN EPIDEMIC OF DERMATITIS AT A LARGE CONSTRUCTION SITE SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB During 6 months in 1986, an epidemic of dermatitis occurred among more than 5600 workers at a single large construction site in the United States. To identify its cause, we used the monthly nurses' log of visits to the medical facility to characterize the outbreak by person, place, and time. Follow-up studies included a survey of carpenters and skin testing of laboratory animals. Workers were more than twice as likely to visit the medical facility for a skin-related complaint in 1986 compared with 1985 (relative rate [RR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-3.2). Carpenters experienced the greatest increased risk (RR = 9.7, 95% CI 5.5-17.3). We found a strong association between dermatitis and handling of fire-retardant lumber and plywood. Carpenters working only with fire-retardant lumber had a rate of dermatitis 4 times that of carpenters who worked exclusively with untreated wood (RR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.6). Carpenters who occasionally worked with fire-retardant lumber and plywood were at moderate risk (RR = 2.18, 95% CI 0.7-6.7). Although laboratory tests showed that phosphate compounds could be leached with water from the fire-retardant wood, an extract of these phosphates did not irritate the skin of laboratory animals. We concluded the epidemic was a result of handling fire-retardant lumber but could not identify the specific chemical agent. In view of the observed association, construction workers should be advised to handle this material with caution, especially in high temperature and humidity. RP SINKS, T (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 462 EP 467 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FG567 UT WOS:A1991FG56700009 PM 1828081 ER PT J AU LANPHEAR, BP SNIDER, DE AF LANPHEAR, BP SNIDER, DE TI MYTHS OF TUBERCULOSIS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOSPITAL EMPLOYEES; UNITED-STATES; PERSONNEL; RISK; ROENTGENOGRAMS; SURVEILLANCE; INFECTION; SILICOSIS AB Myths, or misconceptions, of disease and therapy are not confined to patients; they also affect those who practice medicine. Myths are particularly evident in a "dogma" that concerns diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. If the elimination of tuberculosis is to be achieved, we must first eliminate the myths, which impede prevention and control of the disease. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV TB CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LANPHEAR, BP (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,MED CTR,HLTH SERV,MAIL LOCAT 705,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 501 EP 504 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FG567 UT WOS:A1991FG56700015 PM 1645402 ER PT J AU HASHIMOTO, DM KELSEY, KT SEITZ, T FELDMAN, HA YAKES, B CHRISTIANI, DC AF HASHIMOTO, DM KELSEY, KT SEITZ, T FELDMAN, HA YAKES, B CHRISTIANI, DC TI THE PRESENCE OF URINARY CELLULAR SEDIMENT AND ALBUMINURIA IN NEWSPAPER PRESSWORKERS EXPOSED TO SOLVENTS SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL CONTROLLED TRIAL; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; RENAL-DISEASE; KIDNEY-FUNCTION; ASYMPTOMATIC MICROHEMATURIA; BLADDER-CANCER; HEMATURIA; EXCRETION; GLOMERULONEPHRITIS; NEPHROTOXICITY AB To investigate the relationship between exposure to organic solvents and the presence of increased urinary cellular sediment, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 215 newspaper pressroom workers who were exposed to solvent and lubricant mixtures. Thirty-two compositors were surveyed as referents. Industrial hygiene measurements showed low-level airborne exposures to organic solvents (primarily napthas) and minimal airborne exposure to glycol ethers. There was a high prevalence of solvent-related dermatitis indicating there was significant dermal exposure to these substances. Pressworkers were exposed to solvent mixtures that were associated with dose-related increases in leukocyturia alone or in urinary cellular sediment (erythrocyturia and/or leukocyturia). The presence of urinary cellular sediment was associated with increasing frequency of use of five particular organic solvent mixtures. These results suggest that the increase in urinary cellular sediment may be due, at least in part, to the effects of solvents on the kidney. Consistent with this hypothesis, 16% of pressmen and no compositors were found to have primarily low-grade albuminuria detectable by dipstick. Workers with urinary cellular sediment were significantly more likely to have detectable albuminuria. Albuminuria was more likely to occur with increased frequency of use of four particular solvent mixtures. The presence of urinary cellular sediment was less likely to occur with occasional use of analgesics suggesting a possible etiologic role for acute or chronic urinary tract inflammation. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,OCCUPAT HLTH PROGRAM,665 HUNTINGTON AVE,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,RADIOBIOL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02115. NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,RESP BIOL PROGRAM,BOSTON,MA 02115. MASSACHUSETTS RESP HOSP,OCCUPAT HLTH SERV,S BRAINTREE,MA. RI Kelsey, Karl/I-1252-2014 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [5 T32 ESO 7069] NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD APR PY 1991 VL 33 IS 4 BP 516 EP 526 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FG567 UT WOS:A1991FG56700018 PM 2037907 ER PT J AU BROWN, KH LIFSHITZ, F PICKERING, KK MORAN LEVINE, MM GLASS, RI AF BROWN, KH LIFSHITZ, F PICKERING, KK MORAN LEVINE, MM GLASS, RI TI OPTIONS - FEEDING AND CONSEQUENCES - DISCUSSION-V SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Discussion C1 CORNELL UNIV, N SHORE UNIV HOSP, COLL MED, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SCH MED, HOUSTON, TX 77025 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, CTR VACCINE DEV, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. RP BROWN, KH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS, PROGRAM INT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 118 IS 4 SU S BP S109 EP S110 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81436-2 PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FG283 UT WOS:A1991FG28300016 ER PT J AU GLASS, RI LEW, JF GANGAROSA, RE LEBARON, CW HO, MS AF GLASS, RI LEW, JF GANGAROSA, RE LEBARON, CW HO, MS TI ESTIMATES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY-RATES FOR DIARRHEAL DISEASES IN AMERICAN CHILDREN SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID ROTAVIRUS INFECTION; INFANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEATHS AB Although the importance of diarrhea as a prime cause of morbidity and death in developing countries is well recognized, the disease burden in the United States has never been thoroughly examined. We have prepared national estimates of the annual number of cases of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age and of the outcome, measured in terms of visits to a physician, hospitalizations, and deaths. The annual number of diarrheal episodes was estimated by reviewing longitudinal studies of childhood diarrhea conducted in the United States and extrapolating these data to the nation. Estimates of physician visits, hospitalizations, and deaths were prepared from a variety of national data sources. We estimate that 16.5 million children less than 5 years of age have between 21 and 37 million episodes of diarrhea annually. Of these, 2.1 to 3.7 million episodes lead to a physician visit, a total of 220,000 patients are hospitalized, and 325 to 425 children die. The major cost of diarrhea lies in the high numbers and cost of hospitalizations, because approximately 10.6% of hospitalizations in this age group are for diarrhea. Diarrheal deaths occur in relatively small numbers, are more common in the South and among black persons, are potentially avoidable, and could represent as much as 10% of the preventable postneonatal infant death in the United States. These estimates underscore the extensive burden of diarrheal illness in children in the United States and suggest that interventions to prevent disease or decrease its severity could be cost-effective. RP GLASS, RI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, CTR INFECT DIS, DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS, RESP & ENTER VIRUS BRANCH, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 103 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 118 IS 4 SU S BP S27 EP S33 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81422-2 PN 2 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FG283 UT WOS:A1991FG28300002 PM 2007954 ER PT J AU GLASS, RI COHEN, MB SANTOSHAM, M PICKERING, LK LEBENTHAL, E MORAN RIBEIRO, HDC LIFSHITZ, F LEVINE, MM WAPNIR, RA BROWN, KH BAKER AF GLASS, RI COHEN, MB SANTOSHAM, M PICKERING, LK LEBENTHAL, E MORAN RIBEIRO, HDC LIFSHITZ, F LEVINE, MM WAPNIR, RA BROWN, KH BAKER TI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - DISCUSSION-I SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Discussion C1 CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR, CINCINNATI, OH 45229 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV TEXAS, SCH MED, HOUSTON, TX 77025 USA. HAHNEMANN UNIV, INT INST INFANT NUTR & GASTROINTESTINAL DIS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA. UNIV FED BAHIA, SALVADOR, BA, BRAZIL. CORNELL UNIV, N SHORE UNIV HOSP, COLL MED, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, CTR VACCINE DEV, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, PROGRAM INT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP GLASS, RI (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 118 IS 4 SU S BP S40 EP S43 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81424-6 PN 2 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FG283 UT WOS:A1991FG28300004 ER PT J AU PICKERING, L LEVINE, MM SANTOSHAM, M CORDANO GLASS, RI LEBENTHAL, E U, KM AF PICKERING, L LEVINE, MM SANTOSHAM, M CORDANO GLASS, RI LEBENTHAL, E U, KM TI OPTIONS - FEEDING AND CONSEQUENCES - DISCUSSION-VII SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Discussion ID SHIGELLOSIS C1 UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, CTR VACCINE DEV, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. CTR DIS CONTROL, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. HAHNEMANN UNIV, INT INST INFANT NUTR & GASTROINTESTINAL DIS, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19102 USA. INT CHILD HLTH FDN, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA. RP PICKERING, L (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS, SCH MED, HOUSTON, TX 77025 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 118 IS 4 SU S BP S137 EP S138 DI 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81441-6 PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FG283 UT WOS:A1991FG28300021 ER PT J AU U, KM RIBEIRO, HDC GLASS, RI LEVINE, MM BROWN, KH AF U, KM RIBEIRO, HDC GLASS, RI LEVINE, MM BROWN, KH TI ORAL REHYDRATION - DISCUSSION-IV SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN C1 CTR DIS CONTROL, VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS UNIT, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, SCH MED, CTR VACCINE DEV, BALTIMORE, MD 21201 USA. UNIV FED BAHIA, SALVADOR, BA, BRAZIL. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, PROGRAM INT NUTR, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP U, KM (reprint author), INT CHILD HLTH FDN, AM CITY BLDG, SUITE 325, 10227 WINCOPIN CIRCLE, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 1991 VL 118 IS 4 SU S BP S91 EP S91 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FG283 UT WOS:A1991FG28300013 ER PT J AU VILLINGER, F POWELL, JD JEHUDACOHEN, T NECKELMANN, N VUCHETICH, M DE, B FOLKS, TM MCCLURE, HM ANSARI, AA AF VILLINGER, F POWELL, JD JEHUDACOHEN, T NECKELMANN, N VUCHETICH, M DE, B FOLKS, TM MCCLURE, HM ANSARI, AA TI DETECTION OF OCCULT SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS SIVSMM INFECTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC SERONEGATIVE NONHUMAN-PRIMATES AND EVIDENCE FOR VARIATION IN SIV GAG SEQUENCE BETWEEN INVIVO-PROPAGATED AND INVITRO-PROPAGATED VIRUS SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOMOSEXUAL MEN; HYBRIDIZATION; REPLICATION; RETROVIRUS; MACAQUE AB Polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to identify simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVsmm gag sequences in genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from naturally infected asymptomatic seropositive and seronegative sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) and from experimentally infected but asymptomatic rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The results indicate that most if not all SIV-seronegative mangabeys from the colony at the Yerkes Primate Center are in fact infected with SIVsmm despite their lack of humoral immune response, confirming previous immunological and virological observations made by our laboratory. Sequence analysis of these particular gag fragments from the mangabey revealed an average of 88% nucleotide sequence homology but 97% amino acid identify with the previously published sequence of the SIVsmmH4 clone. The significance of this finding relative to the asymptomatic state of SIV-infected mangabeys and disease-susceptible SIV-infected rhesus macaques is discussed. C1 EMORY UNIV,YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,RETROVIRAL DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30030. RP VILLINGER, F (reprint author), EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [DRR-RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI-27057-02] NR 24 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1855 EP 1862 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA FC031 UT WOS:A1991FC03100025 PM 2002546 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL GRIFFIS, KP KITAMURA, K HONDA, M COLIGAN, JE FOLKS, TM AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL GRIFFIS, KP KITAMURA, K HONDA, M COLIGAN, JE FOLKS, TM TI CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNODOMINANT EPITOPES OF GAG AND POL GENE-ENCODED PROTEINS OF HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE-I SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; HTLV; INFECTION; GENOME; ANTIBODIES; PREDICTION; ENVELOPE; DONORS; REGION AB A series of synthetic peptides derived from the corresponding regions of the gag, pol, and env proteins of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) were used in an enzyme immunoassay to map the immunodominant epitopes of HTLV. Serum specimens from 79 of 87 (91%) HTLV-I-infected patients reacted with the synthetic peptide Gag-1a (amino acids [a.a.] 102 to 117) derived from the C terminus of the p19gag protein of HTLV-I. Minimal cross-reactivity (11%) was observed with serum specimens from HTLV-II-infected patients. Peptide Pol-3, encoded by the pol region of HTLV-I (a.a. 487 to 502), reacted with serum specimens from both HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-infected patients (94 and 86%, respectively). The antibody levels to Pol-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis than in either adult T-cell leukemia patients or HTLV-I-positive asymptomatic carriers. None of the other peptides studied demonstrated significant binding to serum specimens obtained from HTLV-I- or HTLV-II-infected individuals. While Gag-1a did not react with serum specimens from normal controls, Pol-3 demonstrated some reaction with specimens from seronegative individuals (11.4%). The antibodies to Gag-1a and Pol-3 in serum specimens from HTLV-I-infected patients could be specifically inhibited by the corresponding synthetic peptides and by a crude HTLV-I antigen preparation, indicating that these peptides mimic native epitopes present in HTLV-I proteins that are recognized by serum antibodies from HTLV-I- and -II-infected individuals. C1 NATL INST HLTH,AIDS RES CTR,TOKYO 141,JAPAN. NIAID,BIOL RESOURCES BRANCH,BETHESDA,MD 20894. RP LAL, RB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1870 EP 1876 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA FC031 UT WOS:A1991FC03100027 PM 2002547 ER PT J AU LEMON, SM MURPHY, PC SHIELDS, PA PING, LH FEINSTONE, SM CROMEANS, T JANSEN, RW AF LEMON, SM MURPHY, PC SHIELDS, PA PING, LH FEINSTONE, SM CROMEANS, T JANSEN, RW TI ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC-VARIATION IN CYTOPATHIC HEPATITIS-A VIRUS VARIANTS ARISING DURING PERSISTENT INFECTION - EVIDENCE FOR GENETIC-RECOMBINATION SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; WILD-TYPE VIRUS; CELL-CULTURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CYTO-PATHOLOGY; SERIAL PASSAGE; PLAQUE-ASSAY; STRAIN HM175; PROPAGATION AB Variants of hepatitis A virus (pHM175 virus) recovered from persistently infected green monkey kidney (BS-C-1) cells induced a cytopathic effect during serial passage in BS-C-1 or fetal rhesus kidney (FRhK-4) cells. Epitope-specific radioimmunofocus assays showed that this virus comprised two virion populations, one with altered antigenicity including neutralization resistance to monoclonal antibody K24F2, and the other with normal antigenic characteristics. Replication of the antigenic variant was favored over that of virus with the normal antigenic phenotype during persistent infection, while virus with the normal antigenic phenotype was selected during serial passage. Viruses of each type were clonally isolated; both wer cytopathic in cell cultures and displayed a rapid replication phenotype when compared with the noncytopathic passage 16 (p16) HM175 virus which was used to establish the original persistent infection. The two cytopathic virus clones contained 31 and 34 nucleotide changes from the sequence of p16 HM175. Both shared a common 5' sequence (bases 30 to 1677), as well as sequence identity in the P2-P3 region (bases 3249 to 5303 and 6462 to 6781) and 3' terminus (bases 7272 to 7478). VP3, VP1, and 3C(pro) contained different mutations in the two virus clones, with amino acid substitutions at residues 70 of VP3 and 197 and 276 of VP1 of the antigenic variant. These capsid mutations did not affect virion thermal stability. A comparison of the nearly complete genomic sequences of three clonally isolated cytopathic variants was suggestive of genetic recombination between these viruses during persistent infection and indicated that mutations in both 5' and 3' nontranslated regions and in the nonstructural proteins 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, and 3D(pol) may be related to the cytopathic phenotype. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL DIS,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. US FDA,CBER,HEPATITIS RES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP LEMON, SM (reprint author), UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599, USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI22279] NR 43 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 1991 VL 65 IS 4 BP 2056 EP 2065 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA FC031 UT WOS:A1991FC03100049 PM 1705995 ER PT J AU BRODERSON, JR EBERHARD, ML WELCH, BG BANDT, FH AF BRODERSON, JR EBERHARD, ML WELCH, BG BANDT, FH TI SPINAL DRACUNCULIASIS IN AN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED FERRET SO LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Note ID INSIGNIS C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,WHO COLLABORATING CTR RES TRAINING & ERADICAT DRACUNCULIASIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP BRODERSON, JR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,SCI RESOURCES PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 SN 0023-6764 J9 LAB ANIM SCI JI Lab. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 1991 VL 41 IS 2 BP 180 EP 182 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA FT444 UT WOS:A1991FT44400020 PM 1658452 ER PT J AU GAYLE, HD DANGELO, LJ AF GAYLE, HD DANGELO, LJ TI EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME AND HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION IN ADOLESCENTS SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; ADOLESCENTS ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SEXUAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; SCHOOL STUDENTS; SAN-FRANCISCO; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; AIDS; BELIEFS; HEMOPHILIA C1 CHILDRENS HOSP NATL MED CTR,WASHINGTON,DC. GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV,WASHINGTON,DC 20052. RP GAYLE, HD (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 10 IS 4 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1097/00006454-199104000-00012 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA FF988 UT WOS:A1991FF98800012 PM 2062630 ER PT J AU AMBROSINO, DM BLACK, CM PLIKAYTIS, BD REIMER, CB LEE, MC EVATT, BL CARLONE, GM AF AMBROSINO, DM BLACK, CM PLIKAYTIS, BD REIMER, CB LEE, MC EVATT, BL CARLONE, GM TI NORMAL IGG SUBCLASS VALUES DIFFER FOR BLACK-AND-WHITE CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DANA FARBER CANC INST,BOSTON,MA 02115. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A155 EP A155 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03800908 ER PT J AU HALL, CB PRUKSANANONDA, P INSEL, RA CASERTA, MT POWELL, KR PELLETT, PE STEWART, JA AF HALL, CB PRUKSANANONDA, P INSEL, RA CASERTA, MT POWELL, KR PELLETT, PE STEWART, JA TI HUMAN HERPES VIRUS-6 (HHV-6) INFECTION IN CHILDREN SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV ROCHESTER,MED CTR,ROCHESTER,NY 14642. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A173 EP A173 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03801019 ER PT J AU KINNEY, J ADAMS, W SCHUCHAT, A PAPASIAN, C MUNDY, D HALL, R KILBRIDE, H AF KINNEY, J ADAMS, W SCHUCHAT, A PAPASIAN, C MUNDY, D HALL, R KILBRIDE, H TI AN OUTBREAK OF EARLY ONSET GROUP-B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE - THE VALUE OF PRENATAL SCREENING SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PEDIAT,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT PATHOL,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT OBSTET & GYNECOL,KANSAS CITY,MO 64110. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A283 EP A283 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03801676 ER PT J AU MILI, F LYNCH, C KHOURY, M FLANDERS, D EDMONDS, L AF MILI, F LYNCH, C KHOURY, M FLANDERS, D EDMONDS, L TI RISK OF CHILDHOOD-CANCER FOR INFANTS WITH BIRTH-DEFECTS - A RECORD-LINKAGE STUDY, IOWA, 1983-1989 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A261 EP A261 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03801544 ER PT J AU MILI, F KHOURY, M LU, X AF MILI, F KHOURY, M LU, X TI ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CLOMIPHENE CITRATE USE AND RISK OF BIRTH-DEFECTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY, ATLANTA SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A70 EP A70 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03800407 ER PT J AU MINK, CM OBRIEN, C WASSILAK, S MANCLARK, CR MEADE, BD AF MINK, CM OBRIEN, C WASSILAK, S MANCLARK, CR MEADE, BD TI SENSITIVITY OF ASSAYS FOR THE SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS INFECTION SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA,CBER,BETHESDA,MD 20014. CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A179 EP A179 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03801052 ER PT J AU SYLVESTER, GC KHOURY, M LU, X ERICKSON, D AF SYLVESTER, GC KHOURY, M LU, X ERICKSON, D TI 1ST TRIMESTER ANESTHESIA EXPOSURE AND THE RISK FOR CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM DEFECTS - A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY, ATLANTA SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 1991 VL 29 IS 4 BP A72 EP A72 PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA FE038 UT WOS:A1991FE03800414 ER PT J AU MARX, R ARAL, SO ROLFS, RT STERK, CE KAHN, JG AF MARX, R ARAL, SO ROLFS, RT STERK, CE KAHN, JG TI CRACK, SEX, AND STD SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COCAINE USE; DRUG-ABUSE; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE; AIDS; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; RISK AB Increasing rates of syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, and sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection appear to be related to crack cocaine use. This article critically reviews 16 epidemiologic studies that examine drug use, sexual behavior, and sexually transmitted disease (STD). Eight studies found an association between crack and STD, one study found no association between crack and STD, and seven studies found STD to be related to other drugs or methods of cocaine use. The exchange of sex for money or drugs was associated with STD in seven studies. Publications that were reviewed have numerous methodologic weaknesses: broader sampling, uninfected comparison groups, and greater specification of drug use and sexual risk behaviors are needed. Further research should compare different drugs and associated sexual behavior and STD to assess the unique risk conferred by crack. Designing effective interventions will require investigation of risk behavior determinants and barriers to health care. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,SCH PUBL HLTH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANTHROPOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,INST HLTH POLICY STUDIES,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. RP MARX, R (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,TECH INFORMAT SERV E06,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 84 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 92 EP 101 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA FM722 UT WOS:A1991FM72200008 PM 1862466 ER PT J AU RUTHERFORD, GW WOO, JM NEAL, DP RAUCH, KJ GEOGHEGAN, C MCKINNEY, KC MCGEE, J LEMP, GF AF RUTHERFORD, GW WOO, JM NEAL, DP RAUCH, KJ GEOGHEGAN, C MCKINNEY, KC MCGEE, J LEMP, GF TI PARTNER NOTIFICATION AND THE CONTROL OF HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION - 2 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN SAN-FRANCISCO SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIV INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; RISK-FACTORS; AIDS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; HEALTH AB To evaluate partner notification of opposite-sex sexual partners of AIDS patients as a means of limiting sexual and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the authors examined the first 27 months of their experience with partner notification. Overall, of 145 AIDS patients eligible to participate, 51 (35%) were interviewed and identified 135 opposite-sex sexual partners. Of the 135 partners, 59 (44%) were interviewed and 34 (25%) were tested, resulting in the diagnosis of 7 (5%) HIV-infected partners. Refusal rates for index patients and partners were low (9% and 12%, respectively). Costs for the program were $454 per partner interviewed and $2,203 per seropositive partners identified. The authors conclude that although partner notification is more expensive than more widely targeted AIDS prevention and education efforts, its ability to target case finding, education, and counseling to women at highest risk of infection makes it potentially cost-effective for prevention of vertically transmitted HIV infection. C1 SAN FRANCISCO DEPT PUBL HLTH,AIDS OFF,SAN FRANCISCO,CA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT PEDIAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,GEN PREVENT MED RESIDENCY PROGRAM,SACRAMENTO,CA. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,AIDS PROGRAM,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA FM722 UT WOS:A1991FM72200010 PM 1862458 ER PT J AU LARSEN, SA OBERLE, MW SANCHEZBRAVERMAN, JM ROSEROBIXBY, L VETTER, KM AF LARSEN, SA OBERLE, MW SANCHEZBRAVERMAN, JM ROSEROBIXBY, L VETTER, KM TI A POPULATION-BASED SEROSURVEILLANCE OF SYPHILIS IN COSTA-RICA SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER RISK; BREAST-CANCER; CHLAMYDIA AB As part of a case-control study to investigate the high incidence of cervical cancer in Costa Rican women, the seroprevalence of the treponematoses, in particular, syphilis was determined. In each age group, women with a history of two or more sex partners were two to four times more likely to be seroreactive in tests for syphilis than women with zero or one sex partner. The highest percentage of reactive results in the microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP) was seen in samples from women aged 50-59 who had had two or more lifetime partners (23.8%). Three observations from our study support reactivity due to syphilis rather than yaws or pinta: (1) a similar percent of reactive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test results among MHA-TP reactors in the two age groups of women who were surveyed (42 vs. 49%) was observed; (2) women who were seroreactive in the MHA-TP had multiple risk factors for STD [low socioeconomic status (9.4%), urban residence (22.8%), first intercourse under 16 years of age (14.1%), and multiple sex partners (26.3%)], and (3) only sexually experienced women had reactive results in the MHA-TP test. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. UNIV COSTA RICA,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA. RP LARSEN, SA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DIS LAB RES,D-13,1600 CLIFTON RD NE,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA FM722 UT WOS:A1991FM72200013 PM 1862461 ER PT J AU ROLFS, RT AF ROLFS, RT TI THINK PID - NEW DIRECTIONS IN PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article RP ROLFS, RT (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV STD HIV PREVENT,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 18 IS 2 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA FM722 UT WOS:A1991FM72200015 PM 1650503 ER PT J AU PARISH, DC MUECKE, HW JOINER, TA POPE, WT HADLER, SC AF PARISH, DC MUECKE, HW JOINER, TA POPE, WT HADLER, SC TI IMMUNOGENICITY OF LOW-DOSE INTRADERMAL RECOMBINANT-DNA HEPATITIS-B VACCINE SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; FRENCH HEMODIALYSIS UNITS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN VACCINE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; VIRUS-VACCINE; EFFICACY; PREVENTION; POPULATION; INJECTION AB Low-dose intradermal vaccination with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine has been shown to give high rates of seroconversion at greatly reduced vaccine cost. We report a study comparing two groups given lower doses (1.0 or 1.5-mu-g) of recombinant-derived vaccine intradermally with a control group given the standard intramuscular dose. Of the 132 randomized medical students and hospital employees, 95 completed the study. Rates of seroconversion and peak antibody titers were comparable, though antibody rose more slowly and fell somewhat faster in the intradermal groups. Increasing the intradermal dose did not improve response. Most intradermal vaccinees (80%) developed small (average 2 to 3 mm) areas of local induration, which faded slowly. Low-dose intradermal vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine results in high rates of seroconversion (> 90% in each protocol) at a cost that will allow individual practitioners and program with limited budgets to offer vaccination. C1 MED CTR CENT GEORGIA,DEPT EMPLOYEE HLTH,MACON,GA 31208. MED CTR CENT GEORGIA,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,MACON,GA 31208. MERCER UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT INTERNAL MED,MACON,GA 31207. MERCER UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,MACON,GA 31207. CTR DIS CONTROL,HEPATITIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP PARISH, DC (reprint author), MED CTR CENT GEORGIA,DEPT INTERNAL MED,POB 6000,HOSP BOX 74,MACON,GA 31208, USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 4 BP 426 EP 430 DI 10.1097/00007611-199104000-00004 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FG629 UT WOS:A1991FG62900004 PM 1826567 ER PT J AU FRANK, RE SERDULA, MK ADAME, D AF FRANK, RE SERDULA, MK ADAME, D TI WEIGHT-LOSS AND BULIMIC EATING BEHAVIOR - CHANGING PATTERNS WITHIN A POPULATION OF YOUNG-ADULT WOMEN SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; HEIGHT; ABUSE AB A survey of 364 college freshman women was conducted to examine weight loss practices. Nearly 60% of women were currently on a diet to lose or to maintain weight. Since entering college 7 months earlier, 29% had used crash dieting or fasting as a means of weight control. Even though most had experimented with purging and diet pills in high school, most of these had discontinued these practices. Twenty percent had at some time used diet pills, but only 4% were currently users; 13% had at some time used purgatives (vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics), but only 5% were current users. Use of purgatives may indicate a more general pattern of addictive health behavior. Compared to women who had never used purgatives, current purgative users were 4.1 times more likely to smoke (44% vs 11%) and 2.7 times as likely to use drugs (33% vs 12%). Of the 51 women who had ever smoked, 37% listed weight control as a reason for it. Longitudinal investigations are needed to determine how weight loss practices track from adolescence into adulthood and to determine factors predisposing to the establishment of unhealthy weight loss practices, such as severely restrictive dieting, "yo-yo dieting" (weight cycling), and use of diet pills, purgatives, or tobacco. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,DIV NUTR,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. EMORY UNIV,EMORY COLL,DEPT HLTH & PHYS EDUC,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD APR PY 1991 VL 84 IS 4 BP 457 EP 460 DI 10.1097/00007611-199104000-00011 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FG629 UT WOS:A1991FG62900011 PM 2014429 ER PT J AU ROSA, RR AF ROSA, RR TI PERFORMANCE, ALERTNESS, AND SLEEP AFTER 3.5 YEARS OF 12H SHIFTS - A FOLLOW-UP-STUDY SO WORK AND STRESS LA English DT Article DE SHIFTWORK; COMPRESSED WORKWEEK; 12H SHIFTS; FATIGUE; ALERTNESS; PERFORMANCE STRESS ID EXTENDED WORKDAYS; FATIGUE RP ROSA, RR (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,4676 COLUMBIA PKWY,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 19 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0267-8373 J9 WORK STRESS JI Work Stress PD APR-JUN PY 1991 VL 5 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.1080/02678379108257008 PG 10 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA GF513 UT WOS:A1991GF51300004 ER PT J AU ALTWEGG, M REEVES, MW ALTWEGGBISSIG, R BRENNER, DJ AF ALTWEGG, M REEVES, MW ALTWEGGBISSIG, R BRENNER, DJ TI MULTILOCUS ENZYME ANALYSIS OF THE GENUS AEROMONAS AND ITS USE FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION SO ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY VIROLOGY PARASITOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-GENETICS; ELECTROPHORESIS; RELATEDNESS; INFECTIONS; ESTERASES; NOV AB A total of 153 Aeromonas strains were analyzed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. All 11 genetic loci were polymorphic with three to 14 alleles per locus (average 6.55). The genetic diversity of each locus varied between 0.095 for indophenol oxidase and 0.881 for the fast variety of malic enzyme. Cluster analysis of the 122 enzyme types revealed a good correlation with taxonomic groupings as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization. In conjunction with biochemical analysis, as few as two enzymes may be sufficient for the identification of all species in the genus Aeromonas. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV BACTERIAL DIS,MOLEC BIOL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP ALTWEGG, M (reprint author), UNIV ZURICH,INST MED MIKROBIOL,DEPT MED MICROBIOL,GLORIASTR 32,CH-8028 ZURICH,SWITZERLAND. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA WOLLGRASWEG 49, D-70599 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0934-8840 J9 ZBL BAKT-INT J MED M JI Zent.bl. Bakteriol.-Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Virol. Parasitol. Infect. Dis. PD APR PY 1991 VL 275 IS 1 BP 28 EP 45 PG 18 WC Microbiology; Virology SC Microbiology; Virology GA FP211 UT WOS:A1991FP21100004 PM 1930563 ER PT J AU SCHWARTZ, IK LACKRITZ, EM PATCHEN, LC AF SCHWARTZ, IK LACKRITZ, EM PATCHEN, LC TI CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT PLASMODIUM-VIVAX FROM INDONESIA SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter RP SCHWARTZ, IK (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 28 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 13 BP 927 EP 927 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FD111 UT WOS:A1991FD11100030 PM 2000121 ER PT J AU MAST, EE WASSELL, JT HANRAHAN, LP BERG, JL DAVIS, JP AF MAST, EE WASSELL, JT HANRAHAN, LP BERG, JL DAVIS, JP TI RISK-FACTORS FOR MEASLES IN A VACCINATED POPULATION - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI. RP MAST, EE (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 27 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 12 BP 1527 EP 1527 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FC604 UT WOS:A1991FC60400016 ER PT J AU PANLILIO, AL FOY, DR EDWARDS, JR BELL, DM WELCH, BA PARRISH, CM CULVER, DH LOWRY, PW JARVIS, WR PERLINO, CA AF PANLILIO, AL FOY, DR EDWARDS, JR BELL, DM WELCH, BA PARRISH, CM CULVER, DH LOWRY, PW JARVIS, WR PERLINO, CA TI BLOOD CONTACTS DURING SURGICAL-PROCEDURES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OPERATIONS; RISK; AIDS AB Operating room personnel are at risk for infection with blood-borne pathogens through blood contact. To describe the nature and frequency of blood contact and its risk factors, trained observers monitored a sample of operations performed by six surgical services at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Ga, for 6 months. In 62 (30.1%) of 206 operations, at least one blood contact was observed. Of 1828 operating room person-procedures observed, 96 (5.3%) had 147 blood contacts (133 skin contacts [90%], 10 percutaneous injuries [7%], and four eye splashes [3%]). The mean number of blood contacts per 100 person-procedures was highest for surgeons (18.6). The frequency of percutaneous injury was similar among surgeons and scrub staff (mean, 1.2 per 100 worker-procedures for each group). Risk factors for surgeons' blood contacts were (1) performing a trauma, burn, or orthopedic emergency procedure (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 2.0 to 8.7); (2) patient blood loss exceeding 250mL (OR, 2.1; 95% Cl, 1.2 to 3.7); and (3) being in the operating room longer than 1 hour (OR, 3.3; 95% Cl, 1.6 to 7.1). Of 110 blood contacts among surgeons, 81 (74%) were potentially preventable by additional barrier precautions, such as face shields and fluid-resistant gowns. Twenty-one (84%) of 25 blood contacts among surgeons in procedures in which all three risk factors were present were potentially preventable by additional barriers. Of 29 blood contacts among anesthesia and circulating personnel, 20 (69%) would have been prevented by glove use. For surgical procedures in which operating room personnel are at increased risk of blood contact, reevaluation of surgical technique, use of appropriate barrier precautions, and development of puncture-resistant glove materials are indicated. C1 GRADY MEM HOSP,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ATLANTA,GA. EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP PANLILIO, AL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,HOSP INFECT PROGRAM,MAILSTOP C-10,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 27 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 12 BP 1533 EP 1537 DI 10.1001/jama.265.12.1533 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FC604 UT WOS:A1991FC60400027 PM 1999903 ER PT J AU NOVELLO, AC WISE, PH KLEINMAN, DV ORENSTEIN, WA SEPE, SI AF NOVELLO, AC WISE, PH KLEINMAN, DV ORENSTEIN, WA SEPE, SI TI HEALTHY-CHILDREN READY TO LEARN - THE CHALLENGE TO THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR PREVENT SERV,DIV IMMUNIZAT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP NOVELLO, AC (reprint author), OFF SURGEON GEN,WASHINGTON,DC, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 20 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 11 BP 1364 EP 1364 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FB550 UT WOS:A1991FB55000005 PM 1999874 ER PT J AU AUSTIN, GE LAM, L HODGE, T ZAKI, SR CHAN, WC SWAN, DC AF AUSTIN, GE LAM, L HODGE, T ZAKI, SR CHAN, WC SWAN, DC TI ARE MUTATIONS IN REGULATORY DNA A MAJOR CAUSE OF VARIABILITY IN MYELOPEROXIDASE GENE-EXPRESSION IN ACUTE LEUKEMIAS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. VET ADM MED CTR,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 19 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP A1630 EP A1630 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FE557 UT WOS:A1991FE55701010 ER PT J AU BREITENSTEIN, MJ TORAASON, M AF BREITENSTEIN, MJ TORAASON, M TI EFFECT OF EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM ON INHIBITION OF DYE COUPLING AMONG CARDIAC MYOCYTES BY HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CDC,DIV BIOMED & BEHAV SCI,CELLULAR TOXICOL SECT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 19 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP A1571 EP A1571 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FE557 UT WOS:A1991FE55700663 ER PT J AU HERD, Z HENNINGSEN, G AF HERD, Z HENNINGSEN, G TI MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY (MAB) ANALYSIS OF BENZOPYRENE (BP)-INDUCED FETAL T-CELL ANTIGENS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 19 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP A1689 EP A1689 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FE557 UT WOS:A1991FE55701350 ER PT J AU ROBINSON, MK BARFUSS, DW AF ROBINSON, MK BARFUSS, DW TI L-PROLINE TRANSPORT IN ISOLATED PERFUSED PROXIMAL TUBULES OF THE RABBIT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 GEORGIA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,ATLANTA,GA 30303. CTR DIS CONTROL,CEHIC,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 19 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 6 BP A1471 EP A1471 PN 3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FE557 UT WOS:A1991FE55700078 ER PT J AU THACKER, SB MILLAR, JD AF THACKER, SB MILLAR, JD TI MATHEMATICAL-MODELING AND ATTEMPTS TO ELIMINATE MEASLES - A TRIBUTE TO THE LATE MACDONALD,GEORGE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; MEASLES; PUBLIC HEALTH ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SCHOOL POPULATION; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; RUBELLA; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNITY; PATTERNS AB In 1983, 5 years after the inception of an aggressive national measles elimination strategy, the United States experienced its lowest level of reported numbers of cases of measles. This accomplishment was the result of an effective vaccination strategy coupled with surveillance and control efforts by local, state, and national public health agencies. After 1983, however, the reported number of measles cases slowly increased until 1989, when the number exceeded that of 1979, the first full year of the National Measles Elimination Program. In 1990, we are experiencing epidemics throughout the United States and expect the reported number of cases of measles to exceed that of 1989. In this context, we felt it was timely to reflect on this experience in light of previous measles control efforts. In particular, we looked back to the contributions of Professor George Macdonald, which were critical to the successful elimination of measles from The Gambia in 1969. As we enter the last decade of this century, the sensible merging of mathematics and epidemiology in useful models, and the appropriate use of such models for planning, offers the best hope for achieving the elimination of measles either in this or the next century. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,NATL INST OCCUPAT SAFETY & HLTH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP THACKER, SB (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 6 BP 517 EP 525 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FD790 UT WOS:A1991FD79000001 PM 2006639 ER PT J AU LEE, LA OSTROFF, SM MCGEE, HB JOHNSON, DR DOWNES, FP CAMERON, DN BEAN, NH GRIFFIN, PM AF LEE, LA OSTROFF, SM MCGEE, HB JOHNSON, DR DOWNES, FP CAMERON, DN BEAN, NH GRIFFIN, PM TI AN OUTBREAK OF SHIGELLOSIS AT AN OUTDOOR MUSIC FESTIVAL SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FOOD HANDLING; GASTROENTERITIS; HANDWASHING; SHIGELLA-SONNEI ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; PLASMID AB In August 1988, an estimated 3,175 women who attended a 5-day outdoor music festival in Michigan became ill with gastroenteritis caused by Shigella sonnei. Onset of illness peaked 2 days after the festival ended, and patients were spread throughout the United States by the time the outbreak was recognized. An uncooked tofu salad served on the last day was implicated as the outbreak vehicle (odds ratio = 3.4, p < 0.0001). Over 2,000 volunteer food handlers prepared the communal meals served during the festival. This large foodborne outbreak had been heralded by a smaller outbreak of shigellosis among staff shortly before the festival began and by continued transmission of shigellosis from staff to attendees during the festival. S. sonnei isolated from women who became ill before, during, and after the festival had identical antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and plasmid profiles. Limited access to soap and running water for handwashing was one of the few sanitary deficits noted at this gathering. This investigation demonstrates the need for surveillance and prompt public health intervention when Shigella infections are recognized in persons attending mass outdoor gatherings, the singular importance of handwashing in reducing secondary transmission of shigellosis, and the potential for explosive outbreaks when communal meals are prepared by large numbers of food handlers. C1 MICHIGAN DEPT PUBL HLTH,LANSING,MI 48909. CTR DIS CONTROL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,DIV FIELD SERV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP LEE, LA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,ENTER DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER J EPIDEMIOLOGY PI BALTIMORE PA 624 N BROADWAY RM 225, BALTIMORE, MD 21205 SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 133 IS 6 BP 608 EP 615 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA FD790 UT WOS:A1991FD79000011 PM 2006648 ER PT J AU BIAGINI, RE HENNINGSEN, GM DRISCOLL, R MACKENZIE, BA WILCOX, T SCINTO, JD BERNSTEIN, DM SWANSON, M AF BIAGINI, RE HENNINGSEN, GM DRISCOLL, R MACKENZIE, BA WILCOX, T SCINTO, JD BERNSTEIN, DM SWANSON, M TI POSITIVE DERMAL HYPERSENSITIVITY AND SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO BIO-ENGINEERED ENZYMES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. MAYO CLIN & MAYO FDN,ROCHESTER,MN 55905. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1011 EP A1011 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55000548 ER PT J AU DORSETT, MD ALLEN, JR WILLIAMS, L FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA AF DORSETT, MD ALLEN, JR WILLIAMS, L FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA TI AN INHIBITOR OF THE REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ASSAY IS INDUCIBLE BY HIV-INFECTION IN HUMAN T-CELL AND B-CELL LINES SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1264 EP A1264 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002013 ER PT J AU HAGEN, TLM SULZER, A LAL, AA HUNTER, RL AF HAGEN, TLM SULZER, A LAL, AA HUNTER, RL TI EFFECT OF ADJUVANTS ON ISOTYPE OF ANTIBODY TO WHOLE-BLOOD STAGE P-YOELII SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,MALARIA BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. EMORY UNIV,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1364 EP A1364 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002592 ER PT J AU MAKDANI, D RIZNER, J HEGAR, A GUNTER, E SOWELL, A SMITH, JC AF MAKDANI, D RIZNER, J HEGAR, A GUNTER, E SOWELL, A SMITH, JC TI VITAMIN-A AND ZINC NUTRITURE OF CHILDREN IN BELIZE, CENTRAL-AMERICA SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LINCOLN UNIV,JEFFERSON CITY,MO 65102. BELIZE GOVT HOSP,BELIZG CITY,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. USDA,VMNL,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A953 EP A953 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55000216 ER PT J AU PHIPPS, FC HENNINGSEN, GM BIAGINI, RE MACKENZIE, BA MASTIN, JP ORGEL, DL NEWMAN, MA REH, CM AF PHIPPS, FC HENNINGSEN, GM BIAGINI, RE MACKENZIE, BA MASTIN, JP ORGEL, DL NEWMAN, MA REH, CM TI DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMONITORING METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO AN ATYPICAL ISOCYANATE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1011 EP A1011 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55000551 ER PT J AU POWELL, JD BEDNARIK, DP JEHUDACOHEN, T VILLINGER, F FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA AF POWELL, JD BEDNARIK, DP JEHUDACOHEN, T VILLINGER, F FOLKS, TM ANSARI, AA TI REGULATION OF IMMUNE ACTIVATION RETROVIRAL REPLICATION BY CD8+ T-CELLS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1263 EP A1263 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002009 ER PT J AU VILLINGER, F JEHUDACOHEN, T POWELL, JD FOLKS, TM VUCHETICH, M LOCKWOOD, E SELL, KW ANSARI, AA AF VILLINGER, F JEHUDACOHEN, T POWELL, JD FOLKS, TM VUCHETICH, M LOCKWOOD, E SELL, KW ANSARI, AA TI NATURAL TRANSMISSION OF SIVSMM BETWEEN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES TRANSMITS PREDOMINANTLY DIFFERENT ISOLATES THAN EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION WITH INVITRO-PROPAGATION OF THE VIRUS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. YERKES REG PRIMATE RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1263 EP A1263 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002007 ER PT J AU WILKINS, P SLEMENDA, SB MADDISON, SE TSANG, VCW AF WILKINS, P SLEMENDA, SB MADDISON, SE TSANG, VCW TI ISOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES IN RHESUS-MONKEYS TO AN ADULT MICROSOMAL ANTIGEN OF SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI CAN INDICATE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 5 BP A1364 EP A1364 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC550 UT WOS:A1991FC55002590 ER PT J AU SCHNORR, TM GRAJEWSKI, BA HORNUNG, RW THUN, MJ EGELAND, GM MURRAY, WE CONOVER, DL HALPERIN, WE AF SCHNORR, TM GRAJEWSKI, BA HORNUNG, RW THUN, MJ EGELAND, GM MURRAY, WE CONOVER, DL HALPERIN, WE TI VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS AND THE RISK OF SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FINNISH CASE-REFERENT; BIRTH-DEFECTS; PREGNANCY; WORK; EXPOSURE; SCREENS AB Background. The relation between spontaneous abortion and the use of video display terminals (VDTs) is of great public health concern. Previous investigators of this issue have reported inconsistent findings. Methods. To determine whether electromagnetic fields emitted by VDTs are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, a cohort of female telephone operators who used VDTs at work was compared with a cohort of operators who did not use VDTs. To obtain reliable estimates of exposure, we determined the number of hours of VDT use per week from company records and measured electromagnetic fields at VDT workstations and, for purposes of comparison, at workstations without VDTs. Operators who used VDTs had higher abdominal exposure to very-low-frequency (15 kHz) electromagnetic fields (workstations without VDTs did not emit very-low-frequency energy). Abdominal exposure to extremely-low-frequency fields (45 to 60 Hz) was similar for both operators who used VDTs and those who did not. Among 2430 women interviewed, there were 882 pregnancies that met our criteria for inclusion in the study. Results. We found no excess risk of spontaneous abortion among women who used VDTs during the first trimester of pregnancy (odds ratio = 0.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 1.38), and no dose-response relation was apparent when we examined the women's hours of VDT use per week (odds ratio for 1 to 25 hours per week = 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.79; odds ratio for >25 hours per week = 1.00; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.64). There continued to be no risk associated with the use of VDTs when we accounted for multiple pregnancies, conducted separate analyses of early abortion, late abortion, and all fetal losses, or limited our analyses to spontaneous abortions for which a physician was consulted. Conclusions. The use of VDTs and exposure to the accompanying electromagnetic fields were not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in this study. C1 AMER CANC SOC,ATLANTA,GA. RP SCHNORR, TM (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDIES,CINCINNATI,OH 45226, USA. NR 32 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 14 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 11 BP 727 EP 733 DI 10.1056/NEJM199103143241104 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FB556 UT WOS:A1991FB55600004 PM 1997838 ER PT J AU WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J ANDA, RF KLEINMAN, JC GIOVINO, GA BYERS, T AF WILLIAMSON, DF MADANS, J ANDA, RF KLEINMAN, JC GIOVINO, GA BYERS, T TI SMOKING CESSATION AND SEVERITY OF WEIGHT-GAIN IN A NATIONAL COHORT SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BODY-WEIGHT; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NICOTINE; OBESITY; CONSUMPTION; WOMEN AB Background. Many believe that the prospect of weight gain discourages smokers from quitting. Accurate estimates of the weight gain related to the cessation of smoking in the general population are not available, however. Methods. We related changes in body weight to changes in smoking status in adults 25 to 74 years of age who were weighed in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I, 1971 to 1975) and then weighed a second time in the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982 to 1984). The cohort included continuing smokers (748 men and 1137 women) and those who had quit smoking for a year or more (409 men and 359 women). Results. The mean weight gain attributable to the cessation of smoking, as adjusted for age, race, level of education, alcohol use, illnesses related to change in weight, base-line weight, and physical activity, was 2.8 kg in men and 3.8 kg in women. Major weight gain (> 13 kg) occurred in 9.8 percent of the men and 13.4 percent of the women who quit smoking. The relative risk of major weight gain in those who quit smoking (as compared with those who continued to smoke) was 8.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 4.4 to 14.9) in men and 5.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 3.7 to 9.1) in women, and it remained high regardless of the duration of cessation. For both sexes, blacks, people under the age of 55, and people who smoked 15 cigarettes or more per day were at higher risk of major weight gain after quitting smoking. Although at base line the smokers weighed less than those who had never smoked, they weighed nearly the same at follow-up. Conclusions. Major weight gain is strongly related to smoking cessation, but it occurs in only a minority of those who stop smoking. Weight gain is not likely to negate the health benefits of smoking cessation, but its cosmetic effects may interfere with attempts to quit. Effective methods of weight control are therefore needed for smokers trying to quit. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR CHRON DIS PREVENT & HLTH PROMOT,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NATL CTR HLTH STAT,HYATTSVILLE,MD 20782. NR 36 TC 517 Z9 521 U1 3 U2 13 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 14 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 11 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1056/NEJM199103143241106 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FB556 UT WOS:A1991FB55600006 PM 1997840 ER PT J AU HUGHES, JM POTTER, ME AF HUGHES, JM POTTER, ME TI SCOMBROID-FISH POISONING - FROM PATHOGENESIS TO PREVENTION SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP CTR DIS CONTROL, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 14 PY 1991 VL 324 IS 11 BP 766 EP 768 DI 10.1056/NEJM199103143241110 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FB556 UT WOS:A1991FB55600010 PM 1997843 ER PT J AU ESCOBEDO, LG REMINGTON, PL AF ESCOBEDO, LG REMINGTON, PL TI THE ROLE OF PHYSICIANS TO STAMP OUT SMOKING - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 WISCONSIN DEPT HLTH & SOCIAL SERV,MADISON,WI. RP ESCOBEDO, LG (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 13 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 10 BP 1256 EP 1256 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FA511 UT WOS:A1991FA51100009 ER PT J AU BUTERA, ST FOLKS, TM AF BUTERA, ST FOLKS, TM TI A TNF-ALPHA-INDUCED AUTOCRINE MECHANISM INVOLVED IN HIV-1 ACTIVATION FROM LATENCY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A625 EP A625 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701474 ER PT J AU BYERS, TE MOKDAD, AH AF BYERS, TE MOKDAD, AH TI DIETARY-FAT AND THE RISK OF CANCERS OF THE BREAST, PROSTATE, AND COLON IN A 17-YEAR PROSPECTIVE-STUDY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A563 EP A563 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701115 ER PT J AU HITCH, W EBERHARD, M HIGHTOWER, A LAMMIE, P AF HITCH, W EBERHARD, M HIGHTOWER, A LAMMIE, P TI HUMAN IMMUNE-RESPONSE TO INUTERO FILARIAL EXPOSURE SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A571 EP A571 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701162 ER PT J AU JUDD, R ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, L EVATT, B AF JUDD, R ZAKI, SR COFFIELD, L EVATT, B TI HPV 6 DETECTED IN SINONASAL CARCINOMAS BY THE POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 EMORY UNIV,SCH MED,ATLANTA,GA 30322. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30322. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A883 EP A883 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20702978 ER PT J AU KIM, I WILLIAMSON, DF KOPLAN, JP BYERS, T AF KIM, I WILLIAMSON, DF KOPLAN, JP BYERS, T TI VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENT USE AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN UNITED-STATES ADULTS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A715 EP A715 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20702001 ER PT J AU LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL FOLKS, TM AF LAL, RB RUDOLPH, DL FOLKS, TM TI PHENOTYPIC-EXPRESSION OF CD8+CTL MARKER ON SPONTANEOUSLY PROLIFERATING T-CELLS IN HTLV-II INFECTED INDIVIDUALS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,DIV VIRAL RICKETTSIAL DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A650 EP A650 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701626 ER PT J AU MARTIN, L HUDSON, C MULLAN, R STRINE, P AF MARTIN, L HUDSON, C MULLAN, R STRINE, P TI STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF HIV SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CTR DIS CONTROL,HIV ACTIV,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A648 EP A648 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701613 ER PT J AU MASTIN, JP HENNINGSEN, GM EURELL, TE AF MASTIN, JP HENNINGSEN, GM EURELL, TE TI CHANGES IN SERUM HAPTOGLOBIN LEVELS IN RABBITS WITH ARTHROPATHY INDUCED BY IMMOBILIZATION SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A635 EP A635 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701533 ER PT J AU POTISCHMAN, N BRINTON, LA LAIMING, V REEVES, WC AF POTISCHMAN, N BRINTON, LA LAIMING, V REEVES, WC TI SERUM FOLATE LEVELS AND INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. MICROBIOL ASSOCIATES INC,ROCKVILLE,MD 20852. CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A562 EP A562 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701110 ER PT J AU TSANG, VCW WILKINS, P AF TSANG, VCW WILKINS, P TI OPTIMUM DISSOCIATING CONDITIONS FOR IMMUNOAFFINITY AND PREFERENTIAL ISOLATION OF ANTIBODIES WITH HIGH SPECIFIC ACTIVITY SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CTR DIS CONTROL,PARASIT DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 11 PY 1991 VL 5 IS 4 BP A622 EP A622 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA FC207 UT WOS:A1991FC20701460 ER PT J AU PAU, CP GRANADE, TC PAREKH, B SCHOCHETMAN, G DECOCK, KM GAYLE, H CERNESCU, C GEORGE, JR AF PAU, CP GRANADE, TC PAREKH, B SCHOCHETMAN, G DECOCK, KM GAYLE, H CERNESCU, C GEORGE, JR TI MISIDENTIFICATION OF HIV-2 PROTEINS BY WESTERN BLOTS SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 PROJET RETRO CI,ABIDJAN,COTE IVOIRE. INST VIROL,BUCHAREST,ROMANIA. RP PAU, CP (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,LAB INVESTIGAT BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 2 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 9 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8741 BP 616 EP 617 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91683-L PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FA702 UT WOS:A1991FA70200040 PM 1671970 ER PT J AU YANAGIHARA, R JENKINS, CL AJDUKIEWICZ, AB LAL, RB AF YANAGIHARA, R JENKINS, CL AJDUKIEWICZ, AB LAL, RB TI SEROLOGICAL DISCRIMINATION OF HTLV-I AND HTLV-II INFECTION IN MELANESIA SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 PAPUA NEW GUINEA INST MED RES,GOROKA,PAPUA N GUINEA. CENT HOSP,MINIST HLTH & MED SERV,HONIARA,SOLOMON ISLANDS. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,RETROVIRUS DIS BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP YANAGIHARA, R (reprint author), NINCDS,CNS STUDIES LAB,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 9 PY 1991 VL 337 IS 8741 BP 617 EP 618 DI 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91684-M PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA FA702 UT WOS:A1991FA70200041 PM 1671971 ER PT J AU MOUNT, DL CHURCHILL, FC BERGQVIST, Y AF MOUNT, DL CHURCHILL, FC BERGQVIST, Y TI DETERMINATION OF MEFLOQUINE IN BLOOD, FILTER PAPER-ABSORBED BLOOD AND URINE BY 9-FLUORENYLMETHYL CHLOROFORMATE DERIVATIZATION FOLLOWED BY LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY-BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; ANTI-MALARIAL; PLASMA AB We describe a method for determination of mefloquine (MQ) in 100-mu-l samples of urine, whole blood, and capillary blood collected on filter paper; quantification is by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection at 475 nm of the 9-fluorenylmethyleneoxycarbonyl derivative. Whole blood and urine samples were prepared by extraction of MQ and internal standard from aqueous base with methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE), separation and evaporation of the MTBE layer, and derivatization using a solution of 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate in acetonitrile. Filter paper spots were immersed for 16 h in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, followed by extraction with MTBE from aqueous sodium carbonate. The separated and evaporated organic layer was treated with the derivatizing solution. An aliquot was injected onto a high-performance liquid chromatography system using a C18 reversed-phase column and acetonitrile-water (72:28) mobile phase for filter paper spot extracts as for whole blood and urine extracts. The method has a limit of determination in blood, blood spots, and urine of 50 ng/ml with 100-mu-l sample size (coefficient of variation = 16%). Linearity and precision (within-day and between-day) for the method are good. The MQ derivative was isolated and characterized spectroscopically. Values for MQ concentrations in filter paper blood spots compared favorably with values found in corresponding whole blood samples analyzed by a published method. C1 FALUN CENT HOSP,DEPT CLIN CHEM,S-79100 FALUN,SWEDEN. RP MOUNT, DL (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV PARASIT DIS,CONTROL TECHNOL BRANCH,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4347 J9 J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED JI J. Chromatogr.-Biomed. Appl. PD MAR 8 PY 1991 VL 564 IS 1 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80080-V PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA FD463 UT WOS:A1991FD46300016 PM 1860912 ER PT J AU HAHN, RA TEUTSCH, SM ROTHENBERG, RB MARKS, JS AF HAHN, RA TEUTSCH, SM ROTHENBERG, RB MARKS, JS TI ARE STATE MORTALITY DIFFERENCES DUE TO MIGRATION FROM THE RUST BELT - REPLY SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter RP HAHN, RA (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 6 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 9 BP 1112 EP 1112 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EZ474 UT WOS:A1991EZ47400020 ER PT J AU VLAHOV, D BREWER, TF CASTRO, KG NARKUNAS, JP SALIVE, ME ULLRICH, J MUNOZ, A AF VLAHOV, D BREWER, TF CASTRO, KG NARKUNAS, JP SALIVE, ME ULLRICH, J MUNOZ, A TI PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODY TO HIV-1 AMONG ENTRANTS TO UNITED-STATES CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRISON; INFECTION; INMATES; AIDS AB Prevalence of antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was assessed among 10 994 consecutive male and female entrants to 10 correctional systems in the United States. The HIV-1 seroprevalence for the 10 systems ranged from 2.1% to 7.6% for men and 2.5% to 14.7% for women; seroprevalence among women was higher than among men across nine of 10 systems. Using age 25 years to divide the population, HIV-1 prevalence among young women (5.2%) was significantly higher than among young men (2.3%), but similar to that in both older women (5.3%) and older men (5.6%). Overall, HIV-1 rates for nonwhites (4.8%) were higher than those for whites (2.5%). Although categories were identified across correctional systems, which may serve to focus prevention programs, variability in rates among correctional systems indicates that program planning must take local conditions into consideration. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. CTR DIS CONTROL,CTR INFECT DIS,DIV HIV AIDS,ATLANTA,GA 30333. RP VLAHOV, D (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT EPIDEMIOL,ROOM 763,624 N BROADWAY,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 25 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 6 PY 1991 VL 265 IS 9 BP 1129 EP 1132 DI 10.1001/jama.265.9.1129 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA EZ474 UT WOS:A1991EZ47400029 PM 1995998 ER EF